Cromemco CTD Instruction Manual

Cromemco®

-(--------------------

( .

Ten Dollars

crD

InstructionManual

. (

('

Cromemco

-,..---------------------------------------

{

ern

InstructionManual

June

1985

CROMEMCO, Inc.

P.O.

Box

7400

Bernardo Avenue

280
Mountain View, CA 94039

023-6056

Rev. C

Copyright © 1984, 1985

CROMEMCO, Inc.
All

Rights Reserved

This manual was produced using a Cromemco System Three

the

computer running under

text

The
The edited

was edited with the Cromemco Cromix

text

was proofread
Program and formatted
System Formatter

Cromemco 3355B

II.

printer.

Cromemco Cromix Operating System.

by

by

the

the

Cromemco Word

Screen

Cromemco SpellMaster

Editor.

Processing

Camera-ready copy was printed on a

The following

C-Net®
Cromemco®
Cromix®

FontMaster®
SlideMaster®
SpellMaster®
System
System
System Three®

WriteMaster®

The following

C_IO™

CalcMaster™
DiskMaster ™
Maximizer™

System One™

TeleMaster™

UNIX

System Visa

are

registered

trademarks of Cromemco, Inc.

Zero®
Two®

are

trademarks of Cromemco, Inc.

registered

trademark of Bell Laboratories.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter

Installing

Inserting a Tape
Using

Chapter

1:

System
System
System

The

Write-Protect

the

2:

THE

CARTRIDGE TAPE DRIVE

the

CTD

One

and System 100

Two

Three

and System

Cartridge

64F:CCwith

USING

THE

Cromix-Plus Operating

InitializingaTape

Backing

Up

Files

on Tape
Examples
Sample Backup Command File

Cromix

20-Series

Loading

Operating System

the

CTD Software
InitializingaTape
Backing

Up

Files

on Tape

Examples

Data

Moving

Between

300

Switch

the CTD

CTDSOFTWARE

Sy

stem

Cartridge

Cartridge

Hard Disks

1

2

2

4

4

6

7

9

13
13

13
15
16
17
18
18

19
20
21

22

Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure

1-1:
1-2:
1-3:
1-4:
1-5:
1-6:
1-7:
1-8:
1-9:

The

LIST

Cartridge

OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Tape Drive
Drive Cable Adaptor
Installing
Removing
Installing

Inserting a

The

DC600A

the

Adaptor

the

Connector

the

Adaptor

Tape

Cartridge

Cartridge

64FDC Solder Side
64FDC Component Side

Panel

iii

1

3
3

5

6

7
8

10

11

LIST

OF APPENDICES

Appendix
Appendix B:

LIMITED WARRANTY

A:

Rcopy
Ftinit

Error

and

Messages

Ftback

Error

Messages

25

27

iv

Cromemco CTD Instruction Manual

1.

The Cartridge Tape Drive

Chapter

THE CARTRIOOE TAPE DRIVE

1

The Cromemco Cartridge Tape Drive (CTD) offers Cromemco system
convenient,

data.

of
average
useful

CTD

The
board,

low-cost

With

a formatted

data-transfer

for backing up hard disk drives.

is

compatible with

512

Kbytes of

20-Series) or the Cromix-Plus Operating System (version

diskette

with supplemental CTD software

alternative

capacity

rate

of 1 megabyte

RAM,

and either

to

floppy disk drives for storing

of

26

megabytes per

per

minute, the

all

Cromemco S-100 bus systems having a 64FLC

the

68000 Crornix Operating System (Cromix

tape

CTD

large

cartridge,

is

particularly

30.73 or higher). A

is

included with each drive.

users

amounts

and an

a

J.

Figure

1-1:

THE CARTRIOOE TAPE DRIVE

1

Cromemco

1.

The Cartridge Tape Drive

CTD

Instruction

Manual

INSTALLING

To

attach
listed
the
and

you

must

below. Before installing

64FDC

the

mod

do

not have a Revision D board with

be

modified (refer

the

board

level

THE

CTD

(the

CTD

to

yoursystem, follow

the

revision

number

to

letter

is

indicated

the

last

drive, check the revision and

is etched into

by

a

mod

section of this

with the CTD").

System One and System

Adding a CTD

to

model

100

CS1

(two 5-1/4" floppy drives) precludes

of another floppy disk drive. However, model
floppy drive and one hard disk drive) can
disk,

in

which

case

the

second floppy disk becomes Drive

support

back of the CTD connector.

Install

1.

the

CTD

Turn off

as

follows:

the

system, and remove

the

described in your system manual.

the

appropriate

label,

the

also

set

solder side of the board,

on

the

level 7 or higher, then

CS1H

both a

chapter,

and System 100 (one 5-1/4"

CTD

"Using the

and another floppy

B,

and plugs

upper and lower

of instructions

mod

level

solder side).

the

64FDC
64FOC

the

addition

into

rear

panels as

of

If

the

2.

secure

(part

which has

the

drive cable

number 016-0330),

the

drive connector

3. Disconnect
the old

rear

all

panel and

4. Plug one end of
on the
adaptor.
of

5. Replace
into

64FDC

The red cable

thesystem.

the

the

drive connector.

rear

adaptor

as

(figure

shown in figure 1-3.

new panel already

slot,

cables from

board, and plug

attach

secure

the

50-conductor

panels

the

the

rear

them

the

stripe

should

and reconnect

installed,

adaptor,

panel.

to

cable

other

betothe

1-2)

to

the

new connector panel

If

you

-have

a System 100,

unscrew

and go

to

the

step

cover from

4.

Unscrew the connectors from

the new one.

(part

end

all

number 519-0209) into J 3

into

J3

on

the

drive cable

right

cables.

as you

Plug

face

the

the

CTD

the

back

cable

2

Cromemco CTD

1.

The

Cartridge

Instruction

Tape Drive

Manual

Drive

@

J3

("v,."".y..y...

·:-::::S!9~~A~1rip'e.

Cable

/

(,v'''''''''

J2

"-Cable

• A • A •A •A·• • A •

"'.V."'."'."'."'."'."'."'."' •

A'

Connector

p.

A. • A • A •A •

"-

..

??????

Stri e

'A'A'A'A'A'A'A'

©

••

A.

•"'."'."'.

A'

'A'A'A'A')

•

J1

...

-A-A-

Y'1

-

Figure

50-Pin

34-Pin

1-2:

DRIVE CABLE ADAPTOR

Connector

Connector

J4

0

0
0
0

)

-

Figure

1-3:

INSTALLING

THE

ADAPTOR

3

Cromemco

1.

The Cartridge Tape Drive

CTD

Instruction Manual

System Two

Adding a

CTDtoany model of

floppy disk drive.

1.

Turn off

the

Install

sy stem, open

the

the

CTD

System

the

front

as

follows:

described in your system manual.

2. Plug one end of
on the

64FDC

the

50-conductor

board, with

the

red

system.

3. Feed
and plug the
should

4. Close

System Three and System

.adding a CTD

the

cable through one of

cable

be

to

the

the

system, and plug the

to

model

into

left,

CS3

as

300

(two

J3

shown

the

on

the

in

CTD

8"

floppy drives) precludes

another floppy disk drive. However, model

drive and one hard disk drive) can

in
of

which

the

case

CTD

the

second floppy disk becomes Drive

connector.

support

Two

precludes the addition of another

panel,

cable

cable

connector

drive cable

figure

cable

CS3H

and remove

(part

stripe

towards

cutouts

adaptor.

1-2.

into

and System

the

top

cover as

number 519-0210) into

the

bottom of the

on

the

rear

The cable

the

drive cable adaptor.

the

addition of

300

(one 8" floppy

both a CTD and another floppy disk,

B,

and plugs

into

the

J3

panel,

stripe

back

Install

1.

the

CTD

Turn off

as

fallows:

the

system, open

the

front
described in your system manual. Pull out
retaining

bar.

2. Plug one end of the 34-conductor

3.

4.

on the

64FDC

system), and run
If

your system has a

otherwise, feed
panel,

secure

(part

and go

the

number 016-0327), as shown in figure 1-5.

which has
drive connector

board (with

the

cable

rear

the

cable

to

step

the

red

to

the

connector panel

through one of

8.

drive cable adaptor (figure

the

new panel already

slot,

insert

the

adaptor,

panel,

cable

(part

cable

rear

panel.

the

1-2)

installed,

and go

and remove

the

card

the

top

cage and remove the

number 519-0208) into J2

stripe

(see

connector

towards

the

figure 1-4), go

cutoutsonthe

to

the

new connector panel

If

you have a System 300,

top of the

unscrew the cover from

to

step

8.

cover as

to

step

4;

rear

the

4

Cromemco

1.

The Cartridge Tape Drive

CTD

Instruction Manual

5. Disconnect
panel as shown in figure

all

cables

from

1-4.

the

rear

panel,

and unscrew the connector

6. Unscrew the

connectors

from

the

old

new one.

7. Replace

the

connector panel and reconnect

8. Plug the 34-conductor cable from the
cable

adaptor.

The cable

stripe

should

1-2.

9.

Close

the

system, and plug

[3

c-;:::~;:.c:o®

MOUNTAIN VIEW, C.....IFORHI

COPYRIGHT@

All..

RIGHTS RESEtWED.

i~w

0,"

~LINEFUSE

1982

BY CROMEMCO. INC.

..

...

94043

WARNING:

HAZAAOQUSVOL

TAGE INSlOE.

AC POWER COAO

DISCONNECT
BEFORE

REMOVING

CABW!T

INPUT VOLTAGE CYCLES

100 110

130V60HZ

200220260

v

PANELS.

the

CTD cable into

rear

panel and secure them to

all

cables.

64FDC

be

board into J2 on

to

the

left,

the

drive connector.

as

the

the

drive

showninfigure

Screws
Securing
Panel

CAUTION. see

•

Figure

MANUAL

FOR PROPER I lOY OR

1-4:

220V

OPERATION.

REMOVING

THE

5

CONNECTOR PANEL

Cromemco

1.

The Cartridge Tape Drive

CTD

Instruction Manual

Ci/

110

CONNECTORS

S'-

B

c!\

?

cOO

?

DO

0 F

E

<;)

INSERTING A

ae:<
7

e:<

6e:<

5

e:<

4

e:<

3C=---.?
2

e:<

1

e:<

o

TAPE

o

Figure

CARTRIOOE

?e:<
?

e:<

?e:<

?

e:<

?

e:<
e:<

?

e:<

?

e:<

~""'(~I-'

DRIVE

1-5:

INSTALLING THE ADl\PTOR

?9

?

10

?11

?

12

?

13

?

14

?

15

?

16

-.....;.-@-:---SecuredrivecableadaPtor.

The CTD requires 1/4"

DC300 does not work). All

2;

"pre-formatted"

Crom

emc0's format.

Never

First
panel.
slot.
into

comes

To

back

insertacartridge

plug the

Turn

With

the

drive

toastop,

re-tension

to

the beginning again.

the

the

the

CTD

drive

tape

(see

then turn the drive

tape,

tape

tapes

into a wall socket and

latch

reels

figures

the

cartridges

cartridges

are

unnecessary because they must

into

up

1-6
CTD automatically runsitfrom beginning to end and

the

down, and

and the dust cover towards you,

and 1-7). Gently push the

of the

must

drive

pull

latch

6

type

LC600A

be

formattedasdescribed in

unless

press

the

up

the

the power switch on the back

cartridge

to

lock

(the

be

power

tray

out from the drive

insert

cartridge

the

cartridge

earlier

chapter

converted to

switch

the

is

cartridge

in until

in

model

ON.

it

place.

Cromemco

1.

The Cartridge Tape Drive

CTD

The

Write-Protect

The

write-protect
sensitive
to

SAFE,

Instmction

data

from being

the

tape
arrow points in the opposite direction,
erased.

Manual

Switch

switch

can

be

on

the

altered

read,

tape

cartridge

or destroyed.

(see

figure

If

the arrow on the switch points

butitcannot be written

the

tape

can

be read,

1-7)

can prevent

to

or erased. If

written

to,

the

and

Figure

1-6:

INSERTING A TAPE CARTRIDGE

7

Cromemco

1.

The

Cartridge

CTD

Instruction Manual

Tape Drive

r-

Dust

Cover

Write-Protect

Switch

--ff'9i-i

Figure

1-'1: THE DC600A CARTRIDGE _

8

Cromemco

1.

The

Cartridge

USING THE 64FOC WITH THE CTD

A

modified

a Rev.
following procedure; for

modification.

CTD

64FDC

Instroction

Manual

Tape Drive

that

is

not a revision D board with

to

support the CTD. For a Rev. B board

D board at

mod

levels

earlier

3 through 6, do only

revision/mod-level combinations, do

mod

level

at

7 or higher must

mod

level

steps

12

be

9 or higher, or

and

13

of

the

the

entire

Note:

Position
See figure

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

This modification shouldbedone only
distributor

the

1-8

Install

Install

Install
Install

Cut

trace

board with

Jumper A from J2 pin 2
Jumper B from
Jumper C from
Jumper D from

or

service

the

for

the

locations of

at

location E from IC40 pin 4

facility.

solder side up and

all

J3

pin 8
RN12
RN12

pin 6
Pin 5

to

to

by

an

the

solder-side

J3

pin 22.

IC11 pin

to

IC52 pin 9.

to

IC52 pin 14.

to

authorized Cromemco

dealer,

edge connector towards you.

cuts

and jumpers

5.

the

feed-through hole

next

to

IC40 pins 12 and 13.

the

Turn

board over so

is towards you. See figure

6.

f

,

7.

Install

Install

Jumper F from
Jumper G from IC15 pin 5

that

1-9

ICl1

the

component sideisup and

for

the

locations of

pin 2

to

ICll

to

IC27 pin 24.

pin 4.

the

edge

connector

all

component-side jumpers.

8.

9.

10.

11.

Install

Install

Install

Install

Jumper H from IC15 pin 6

Jumper I from IC15 pin 6

Jumper J from IC20 pin 3

Jumper K from IC52 pin 8

to

IC52 pin 9.

to

IC20 pin 4.

to

IC26 pin 29.

to

the

feed-through hole below IC30 pin

10.

12.

trace

between

the

feedthrough holes at jumper option

Next

to

IC6,

cut

the

block "B".

13.

Install

Jumper L from

the

top

hole

of

jumper option block "B"toIC42 pin

2.

This completes
and checkout procedures

l

the

modificationstothe

to

verify

64FDC

proper

9

board. Follow normal

operation.

installation

Cromemco

1.

The Cartridge Tape Drive

CTD

Instruction

Manual

co

~

••

~

::s

bD

00

I

Go)

...

10

Cromemco

1.

The Cartridge Tape Drive

CTD

Instruction

Manual

••

=

I

1'"'4

QJ

...

::s

bD

...

Iil:oI

11

Cromemco

CTD

Instmction

Manual

12

Cromemco

2. Using

CTD

Instruction Manual

the

CTD Software

Chapter 2

USING THE

This

and

chapter

transfer

describes

files

to

how

to load

and from the CTD. These procedures

Cromix-Plus and Cromix 20-Series Operating Systems, so follow the

set

of instruction

CROMIX-PLUS OPERATING SYSTEM

If

you have the Cromix-Plus Operating System (version 30.73 or higher), do

load

the

software from

not

support the CTD).

the

CTD driver,

Igen/sysdef

Initializing

tape

Every

cartridge

users) before

listed

use

file, and

below.

the

CTD diskette

If

your

the

Screen editor to add

generate

a Tape Cartridge

must

be

initialized with the

it

can

be

used

to

the

current

a new

store

CTD

SOFTWARE

CTD

software,

initializeatape

are

different for the

appropriate

(earlier

versions of Cromix-Plus do

cromix.sys program does not include

tflop

to

line

"BDEV

cromix.sys.

data.

The

Inittape

general

utility

(for privileged

command format

cartridge,

not

0411in

the

is

inittape

l

If

the

Inittape

for them as the program executes.

in

chapter

•

inittape

Inittape
Press:

CTRL-C
Warning:

Do
Device name?

[[-vf]

parameters

[-s

#[,#]

are

devname]

not

placed in

the

command, you will be prompted

Insertacartridge

1,

and

enter

(user entries

are

boldfaced):

version 30.xx

RETURN

to

abort program

inittape

to supply

will destroy

default

all

disk data

answers

you wish retension delay of 180 seconds

ftcd

into

(YIN)

the

drive,asdescribed

<N>?

RETURN

13

Cromemco

2. Using

The CTD retensions each
it
over

CTD

Instmction

the

CTD

Software

Fonnatting
First
Last

stream (0-5.)?

stream

(0-5.)?

lni tializing stream 0

Initializing stream 5

from beginning

(the

drive

to

light

Manual

<0>

<5.>

tape

end and back

is

out), press

RETURN

RETURN

when

to

RETURN

it

is

first

placed in

the beginning.

for

the

the

drive

If

the retension cycle

first

prompt.

by

mnning

is

Next,
of any

Inittape

tape
device name while the
and a repeated prompt for

lnittape

may

prompts for the

want

asks

for

the

drive connected

tape

first

to

format a portion of a

device name of

to

your system, such as

is

being retensioned

the

device name.

and

last

streamtobe

tape

(e.g.,

the

tape

when

drive. Use

fted

results

fonnatted.

in a device open error

or

the

ftab.

On

a single stream has

device name

occasion, you

errors).

If

Inittape

prompts

is

are

taken from

called

with a device name argument,

the

command

line.

If

no options are specified, all

the

responses to

streams are formatted. The available options are defined as follows:

-f

-8

-y

For example,

This option defeats
is

being retensioned

If

a single number (0 through

the

tape

results

retension

delay,

but

in a device open error.

5)

follows the

-8

option, only
stream is formatted; a pair of numbers separated
range of streams

The "verbose" option provides progress

to

fonnat streams 1 through 3 in verbose mode,

to

be

fonnatted.

reports

usingitWhile

the

by

a comma specifies a

as formatting proceeds.

enter:

Entering a

frequent

the

above

the

tape

specified

if

inittape

Please
Device name:
First
Last

stream:

stream:

-y

wait for

-8

tape

ftcd

1.

3.

1,3

Initializing stream 1

Initializing stream 2

Initializing stream 3

if

fted

retension time (180 seconds)

14

Cromemco

2.

Using

CTD

Instroction

the

CTD Software

Manual

Backing
The Rcopy

file

The

Rcopy is primarily intended for dumping hard disk data onto a

Up

utility

or

block device.

general

!'Copy

command format is:

[-b

Files

on

Tape

(for privileged users) copies a fileorblock devicetoanother

if]

[-e

if]

[-d

if]

[-1

if][

-s

if]

[-fcptv]

arguments

tape

cartridge

or another hard disk. Data saved with Ftback (68000 Cromix version 20.65)

cannot

directories,
of
input or standard

-b

-e

be

restored

Rcopy must

the

Tar

utility.

The number following

with Rcopy.

be

A

II

_II

in

output.

used

in

placeofa

The available options

-b

is the.!iJ:a1. block of

without this option, reading begins

data,

copying specific

table

(block 19).

The number following

such as a hard disk label (block0)or

-e

is

the

without this option, reading

output

device

is

reached first).

To

store

and

retrieve

individual

files

conjunction with version 20.08 (or higher)

fileordevice name indicates

are

defined

the

i.nmlldevicetobe

at

block

o.

This optionisuseful

as

the

standard

follows:

alternate

last. block of

stops

at

the

the

last

block (unless

i.nmll devicetobe

the

end of

or

read;

for

track

read;

the

-d

-s

-1

-f

-c

-p

-t

The number following

written;

without
The number following
The number following -1 is

CTD

is
Without
all

other

used

for input or

this

option,

files/devices).

-d

is

the

.1itsi block of

this

option, writing begins at block

-8

is

the

the

buffer is

A buffer of

total

the

length of

output,aunit

number

is

10

units (170K for

510K

(-I

the

of

blocks

the

I/O buffer in

17K;

30)

outDUt device

O.

to

be

otherwise a

the

CTD and

yields

an optimum speed

read.

units.

unit

to

If

is 1K.

10K

be

the

for

of 2 Mbytes/minute when copying between a CTD and a hard disk. This

is

option
When
Mter

optiontoverify that
than the CTD,

ignored when copying between uniform

output

copying

is

toafile,

to

or from the CTD,

the

the

-Y

option

this

input

option overwrites

repeat

and

output

copies

and verifies on one

the

are

This option reduces copying time when both input and
Cromix-Plus flopP.l disks
or

double-density). In

regardless

of

the

-1

This option provides a

(large

this

setting.

terse

or small,

case

progress

the

buffer size

single-

report

(UNIX)

the

floppy disks.

existing

data.

Rcopy command with

identical.

For devices other

pass.

output

devices

or double-sided,

equals

the

cylinder size,

as copying proceeds.

the

-c

are

single-

-y

For devices other than the CTD, this option compares

the

with

input

and sends an

error

message

if

they

the

copied output

are

not

the

same.

15

Cromemco

2.

Using

CTO

Instruction Manual

the

CTO Software

Verification of
the

-c

option.

Examples

When

the

and

A):

To

If

copying to an

disk

label

19

on floppy disk files

#

reopy

#

reopy

restore

#

reopy

#

reopy

the

CTOisthe

(block

-t

-t

these

-t

-t

Rcopy commands.
copy,

enter:

cartridge

entire

0)

-s

1

Idev/stdO

-b

19

blocks in

tapes

hard disk

or

alternate

label

andalttable,

-s1/dev/stdO

the

event of a hard disk

-s1/dev/fda/label

-d

19

-s

1

/dev/fda/alttable

input or

To

output

device, copying and verifying requires

copy partition

requires

(std31

track

a second execution of Rcopy with

or

std63),

table

enter

/dev/fda/label

/dev/fda/alttable

Idev/stdO

std3

to

floppy

be

sure

nottooverwrite

(block 19).

To

(for an 811diskette

crash,

enter:

Idev/stdO

tape,

and then verify the

save blocks 0

in drive

separate

#

Since

for

To

create

the

reopy

#

reopy

the

second

-t

/dev/std3

-te

/dev/std3

tapeisrewound

pass.

and verify a Tar archive of directory

enter:

#

tar

Tar

#

tar

writes

-cvf

-evf-lusr/data

directory

-

option). Rcopy takes
and

writesitto

the

selected).

after

/usr/data

lusr/data

the

data

tape.

In

/dev/fled

/dev/fted

each Rcopy command,itis

/usr/data

I

reopy-Idev/fted

I

reopy

to

-c-/dev/fted

the

standard

from standard input

this

case,

Tar

issues

the

output

(the

progress

correctly

on a

(the

dash<

tape

after

positioned

cartridge,

the

dash for the input file),

reports

(v

option

f

16

Cromemco

2.

Using

To

enter:

To

To

CTD

Instruction Manual

the

CTD Software

restore

#

reopy

list

the

#

reopy

dump

#

the

reopy

a specific file or directory from a

/dev

/fted

contents

/dev/fted

contents

/dev/fted

of a

of a

- I

tar

tape

created

- I

tar

tape

created

- I dump

-xvf

-tvf

-

filename

with the Tar

-

by

tape

Rco~

created

utility,

alone,

with the Tar

enter:

enter:

utility,

Sample BackUp Command
The following

root

device (and
approximately 6:30
file

to

initiate the

%find

_day % (Friday)

timelmatch
testinp
if

-err

-df

goto wrong_day

command

all

mounted devices) onto a

pm.

process.

-c

fri

>/usr/mtch.tmp

/usr/mtch.tmp 1

File

file, named

Include

the

goto find_time
%wrong_day

%

sleep
goto

$find_time % (6:30

timelmatch

testinp

if

21600

find_day

-c

-df

/usr/mtch.tmp 1

-err

goto wrong_time

18:3?:??

try

>/usr/mtch.tmp

goto back_time
%wrong_time

sleep
goto

300

find_time

% wait 5

autobak.cmd,

tape

line

"autobak&" in

again in 6 hours

pm)

minu

tes

automatically backs up the

cartridge

the

every Friday at

/etc/startup.cmd

%baCk_time %
mode

-pa

initiate

tape

backup

echo Preparing weekly backUp

d /

tar

-cf

- / I rcopy

if

-err

goto err1

echo Weekly backup

l

-t

-1

written,

30-/dev/ftcd

ready to verify.

17

Cromemco

2. Using

tar

if

echo Weekly backup verified. Please change

mode

goto wrong_day % begin

%errl
echo Weekly backUp failed during
mode pa

goto wrong_day % begin

%err2
echo Weekly backup failed during verify pass.
mode pa
goto wrong_day %begin

CTD

Instroction Manual

the

CTD Software

-cf

- 1 I

-err

goto err2

pa

!'Copy

ct

-1

30

-

Idev/ftcd

cycle

write

cycle

cycle

again

to

again

again

tape

tape.

and

reset

clock.

CROMIX

Loading
To

load

a privileged user, mount

20-SERIES

the

CTD

the

CTD

OPERATING SYSTEM

Software

software,

a

insert
file

to

the

CTD disketteina floppy disk drive. As

the

diskette,

The command sequenceisshown below for
(use

sfda

I

create

:I

mount

I d

la

I

install

If

you have

If

you do
Igen_20.65
program,

as

I d

Igen

I

cptree

I unmount

#

crogen68

for the

68000

not

follows:

la

fda

5-1/4"

1a

diskette):

Creates
Mounts
Makes
Loads the

Cromix version 20.65 or higher, unmount and save

have

directory

68000

Cromix version 20.65 or higher, then copy

from

the

diskette,

Makes

-f

la/gen_20.65

fda

Overwrites

•
Unmounts the
Creates

the

8"

the file 1

fa

to

la

the

CTD

and

Igen

Igen

a new

and ron the

diskette

-mounted in Drive A

a.

the

diskette

current

directory.

software.

generate

the

current

with

Igen_20.65.

diskette

cromix.sys

Install

in Drive A.

the

a new

directory.

in Drive

program.

command.

diskette.

the

new

cromix.sys

A.

Answer

the

Crogen68 prompts for your
documentation), and
cromix.
diskette

If

the sy stem boots properly, copy the

and

root

test

the

new operating system by giving

directory. Store the

particular

CTD

18

system (refer to your Cromix

the

command

cromix.sy

diskette

in a

s file

safe

to

place.

boot

your boot

Cromemco

2.

Using

CTD

Instruction

the

CTD Software

Manual

Initializing

Each

Insert

tape

a

a

Tape

cartridge

cartridge

Cartridge

must

into

the

be

initialized beforeitcan

drive,

as

described

in

chapter

be

used

1,

and

to

store

enter

data.

(as

a

privileged user):

i

ftinit

The following messages should appear:

Ftinit

Press: CTRL-C

<.

.

Warning: FTINIT

This program will

When
other

using version 00.11 of

processes (inclUding Flush) should
disk is
the

tape

The drive name
to

the

prompts

version xx.yy

accessed

could

Idev

directory

appear

to

abort

can

program

destroy

initializeatape

the

Ftinit

while version 00.11 of

be

selected.

"ftcd"

(major device number 7, minor device number 0) was added

(as

a block device)

after

the

above messages (recommended user

all

utility

tape

data

in

drive

be

Ftinit

by

the

ftcd

to

initializeatape

temporarily disabled.

is

running,

Install

cartridge,

the

wrong stream

If

a floppy

all

of

command. The following

replies

are

in

boldface):

Formatting:

Sector size (512/1024)? 1024
First

stream

Last

stream

First

segment (0-254)? 0

Last

segment

(0-5)?

(0-5)? 5

(0-

254)? 254

0

Initializing stream:

tape

A

5

(the

stream has

cartridge

stream number

255
Each segment has
sectors,
as

r

'--

shown below:

numbered 1

1

sector:

1 segment:

1 stream:

1

cartridge:

The

Ftinit

utility

single stream

has six streams, analogous

appears

on

the

segments, analogous

either

32

512-byte

to

17. Use of

512

bytes

16K

bytes
4,080 Kbytes
24,480 Kbytes

also

has

allows you

frequent

errors).

to

to

six floppy disks, numbered 0

to
screen as each streamisformatted). Each
to

floppy disk

sectors,

l-Kbyte

1K

bytes

17K

numbered 1to32, or

sectors

bytes

tracks,

maximizes

numbered °

17

1024-byte

tape

capacity,

to

254.

4,335 Kbytes
26,010 Kbytes

format a portion of a

tape

(e.g., when a

19

Cromemco

2.

Using

CTD

Instroction Manual

the

CTD Software

Backing
The Ftback

file

It

is

Up

files

utility

on
(for

Tape

all

users)

transfers

files between

or block device. Systems ronning Ftback requireatleast

strongly recommended

that

the

following restrictions

using Ftback:

1.

Use a hard disk drive
disk,

you

can

copy a

partition.

However, with a WDI-II-controlled hard disk (which cannot

partitioned), you

can

as

the

tape

copy a

root device.

cartridge

tape

to

to

any partition other than

a second hard disk,

device.

Do

2.

3.

4.

5.

not run

Do

not

Run

Verify

the

comparing

The general command fonnat

other

pipe Tar

Check

the

tape
against

processes in

output

into

parallel

Ftback.

with Ftback.

utilitytoverify the integrity of

after

the

writing

original

by

reading back onto an empty partition and

partition.

is:

the

CTD

and any other

512

Kbytes of

be

observed when

With

an STOC-controlled hard

but

nottothe

the

disk you wish to copy.

the

RAM.

root

be

root

ftback

Ftback reads and

-Ii

input} -{o output} -[{bdes} block]

writes

data

from one device

to
bytes), and is primarily intended for dumping hard
cartridge.
(hexadecimal),

Ftback
or until
whichever occurs
output
capacities

rewound

Where possible, Ftback skips blocks with

locations of

i The device name following

Numeric arguments

"0"

(octal)

rons

until

the

either

the end of the input or

number of blocks specified

first.

or

For

are

"k"

the

device can accommodate

of

the

after

input and

each Ftback command.

the

bad blocks. The available options are defined as follows:

output

assumed

to

be

decimal unless they end in "h"

(units of 1024).

output

by

the

-s

or

-s

and

-e

options, Ftback verifies

the

specified number of blocks, otherwise

devices

are

not

non-fatal

-i

is

the

source of

the
names must begin with /deY). Without this option,
standard

o The device name following

input.

-0

is

the

destination of

names must begin with /deY). Without this option,

standard

output.

-{I

bytes}

another

disk

-e

in

block

data

device

has

options has been

compared. The

I/O

errors,

datatobe

the

the

copied

the

dataiswritten

units

onto

been

(512

a

tape

reached,

read,

that

tape

and

reports

copied (device

data

data

source

(device

the
the

is

the

is

to

20

Cromemco

2.

Using

CTD

Instroction

the

CTD Software

Manual

b The block number following

read.

on

For

tapes

with 1024-byte

an even-numbered block. Without

-b

is

the

sectors,

~

block of

operationisfaster

this

option, reading beginsatblock

the

in:w.l1.

devicetobe

if

I/O

starts

O.

d The block number following

be

written.

Without this option, writing begins

e The block number following

read.

on
block (unless

\..

s The number following

this option,

I The number following

this option,

For

tapes

an

odd-numbered block. Without

with 1024-byte

the

end of

-s

all

of

the

-I

the

lengthiscalculated
amount of memory configured for Ftback. You should
the

buffer size.

must

be

smaller

If

you wanttouse

than

the

shown below).

-d

-e

the

output

is

the

total

blocks of

is

the

one

calculated

is

the

~

is

the.l.aa1. block of

sectors,

this

operationisfaster

option, reading

deviceisreached

number of blockstobe

the

input

length of

the

based on

the

-I

option,

by

block of the outDyt device

at

block

the

O.

in.D.u1.

devicetobe

stops

if

I/O ends

at

the

first).

device

are

I/O buffer in

the

tape

sector

let

the

buffer

Ftback (refer

read.

Ftback

to

read.

bytes.

size

the

Without

Without

size and

calculate

you

select

examples

to

last

the

Examples

To

copy a hard disk

block 0,

Ftback

enter:

i

ftback

reports

-i

/dev/hdl

the

calculated

(hdl)

number of blocks read and

Buffersize

21000

21000 blocks

When
are

the

input

important for efficient
"hdl1frequired two
data

to

a new

the

disk:

=192512

blocks

and

cartridge

read,

written,

output

cartridges,

from

starting

-0

from block0,toatape

/dev/ftcd

cartridge

buffersize immediately (in bytes), fallowed

written

blocks 0

blocks 0

devices have different

data

the

when

to

storage.

you

20999,

to

would

the

backup is complete.

"/dev/hdl"

20999,

In

the

use

block immediately

"/dev/ftcd",

capacities,

above example,ifbacking

the

-b

option

after

the

starting

sectorsize

the

block numbers

to

begin copying

last

one read from

at

by

the

=1024

up

i

ftback

-i

/dev/hd1

-0

/dev/ftcd

21

-b

21000

Cromemco

2.

Using

For
for a second hard disk)

the

CTD

Instroction

the

CTD Software

an

STOC-controlled hard disk,

individual

I

ftback

partition

-i

Idev/std1

Manual

you wishtocopy. To copy partition

to

back up the

-0

use

device name

entire

Idev/ftcd

Idev/std31

drive; otherwise

std1

(or

Idev/std63

use

the

to

tape,

name of

enter:

MOVING

When
target
and

using a

disk's

the

size

IM.TA

BETWEEN HARD DISKS

tape

label

of the Cromix

following procedure

1.

2.

Initialize

If

you

do

the

not

enter:

I

patch

>d

20C

00020C:

•

•

and make a

and

3.

Copy blocks 1

bytes

20Dh

20Ch

note

are

through 20Fh):

to

move

(block

uses

target
know

0),

device

disk

the

Idev/std63

00 00

"00,"

to

8C

of

the

byte 20Eh

18

from

data

alternate

file

system

Idev/std63

(if

size

AU

first

the

between

track

(bytes

necessary).

of

the

Cromix file sy stem

...

four

bytes

is

"8C," and byte

tape

to

hard diskS,

and

20Ch

as

an example.

be

sure

partition

to

20Fh

to

tables

in block

on

the

preserve

displayed. As shown, bytes

the

hard disk (this

20Fh

is

"AD."

step

(block 19),

1).

The

target

disk,

20Ch

overwrites

the

I

ftback

or

I

rcopy

Block 0 contains

target

disk.

-i

Idev/ftcd

-t

-b

the

1

-e

source

-0

Idev/std63

18

-d

disk's

22

1

Idev/ftcd

label

-b

1

-d

Idev/std63

and should

1-e

18 (Cromix 20)

(Cromix-Plus)

not

be

copied

to

the

Cromemco

2. Using

CTD

Instruction

the

CTD Software

Manual

4. Patch
follows:

5.

6. To

Copy

or

restore

bytes

#

>s

patch

20C

20Ch

through

/dev/std63

20Fh

00020C: 11 00 RETURN
00020D: 54
00020E:
00020F:
000210:

A3

9E

22

00

RETURN

8C

AO

•

RETURN

RETURN

>e

I

the

rest

of

the

tape

to

#

ftbaek

i

reopy

the

-i

-b

file

/dev/fted

20

-d

20

system of

with

the

hard disk:

-0

/dev/std63

/dev/fled

the

target

the

values obtained in

-b

20

/dev/std63

disk,

enter:

step

-d

20 (Cromix 20)

(Cromix-Plus)

2,

as

if

eheck

If

the

source disk of

reports

(

illegal

-s

std63

the

dataislarger

block numbers, and

than

the

files

using those blocks

target

disk,

the

will

Check

be

incomplete.

utility

23

Cromemco

CTD

Instroction

Manual

24

Cromemco
A. Rcopy Error Messages

CTD

Instmction

Manual

RCOPY ERROR MESSAGES

This following error messages

Write

on

floppy

tape

instead).

You

cannot
verify
the

-c

Verify and

The

-v

Bad

argument

You

probably entered an

use

the

-v

option when

the

data

copied

option (compare mode).

Compare

and

-c

options are mutually exclusive.

for

to

options

option

or from a

illegal

may

cannot

cannot

x.

Appendix

be encountered when

be

copyi~

tape,

number for

A

verified.

to or from a

issue a second HeoW command with

both

be

selected.

the

option indicated.

usi~

(Use

the Rcopy

the

compare

tape

utility.

option

cartridge.

To

File

xxxxxx

The named input or

Using

You

File

The

File

The indicated file does not

STDOUTasoutputisincompatible

cannot

xxxxxx

-f

option must

xxxxxx

Device

not

use

already

should

xxxxxx

an

output

the

-v

be

should

ordinary

option when using

exists.

used to overwrite an

exist

not

or

block

fileisillegal.

to

be

compared.

exist

be

(the

mounted.

25

device

with

Heopy

specified pathname

file.

the

verify

with

pipes.

existi~

file.

option

may

selected.

be incorrect).

Cromemco

CTD

Instroction

A. Rcopy Error Messages

be

Files cannot

copied to or from a mounted device.

Manual

Not enough memory for buffer

The buffer size specified with

Cannot

When
the

allocate

using

the

-y

size specified

both buffers.

and

-e

options,

by

the -1 option.

the

of

xxxxxx

-1

option exceeds

the

required buffer sizeisactually double

bytes.

the

available memory.

26

Cromemco
B.

Ftinit

CTD

Instmction Manual

and

Ftback Error Messages

Appendix B

FTINIT

AND

FTBACK

ERROR

MESSAGES

This appendix describes the error messages that you might encounter while using

the Ftinit and Ftback

FTINIT
Error

An error occurred when Ftinit tried to seek to

Full

ERROR

seeking

track

Stream

to

buffer

x,

Segment

Ftinit wrote less than the
stream

x.

The

documentation under

of

characters

actually written

utilities.

MESSAGES

segment

the

first

segment of a stream.

not

status

written

y,

zx

(sIb

n)

Status

minimum

zx,

Characters

written

n number of characters

is a hexadecimal code described

w

to

segment y of

in

your Cromix

floPW disk error messages (write operations). The number

is

given

by

w.

FTBACK

The file name

l

standard output.

ERROR

If_If

MESSAGES

appearing

in

Ftback's messages

refers

to standard input or

Argument missing
One

of Ftback's options was specified without the necessary numeric argument.

'B'

or

'n'

argument

The argument for the

exceeds

-b

or

file

size

-d

option exceeds the

maximum

block

number

of the

input or output file/device.

Cannot

The attempt to find a specified block number returned

position

file

27

an

error.

Cromemco

B.

Ftinit and Ftback Error Messages

'E'

CTD

Instroction Manual

or'S'

argument

exceeds

input

file

size

The arguments for the
input file/device.

pipe,

'E'

The arguments for the

output file/device.
a pipe,

E

Both the
file/device, and cannot be used together.

Floppy

Currently Ftback does not support I/O between two flopP.l

Floppy

no

check is made.

or'S'

argument

no

check is made.

andSoptions

-e

and

tape

tape

device

read
Unit 0, Stream 0, Segment 6,
I/O

error

on

input

input:

output:

-s

or

-e

option exceeds the

If

the file/device does

exceeds

-s

or

If

the file/device does not have a specified size, such as

cannot

-s

options designate

cannot

output

-e

option exceeds the

be

used

be

error

Sector

"/dev/ftcd",

"/dev/null",

together

used

error

error

not

file

size

the

for

both

1,

Status

between

between

maximum

have a specified size, such as a

maximum

ending block

input

and

0008,

blocks

blocks

block

block

number

output

tape

eRe

11544

204

number

number

drives.

error

to

to

of

the input

11544

204

of the

of the

An

I/O error message identifies the function (read or write) which encountered

the

error
file/device location (third line), and the block
and output file/device (fifth

number is the minor device number, and the

Cromix documentation under floppy disk error messages. The same

be

reported twiceifthe

Incorrect

An

error was returned

incorrect minor device number.

Incorrect

This message usually

conflicting options (e.g., a

(firstline),

floppy

I,

0,

B,

tape

E,

the

sector size

device

by

the floppy

D,

L,

results

-b

sector

and

location of the error (second line), the

number

sixth lines).

status

is

1024

bytes.

name

tape

open routines, usually due

orSargument

from

an incorrect numeric argument, or

argument larger than

28

location on both the input

On

the second line, the unit

code

an

is

described in your

-e

argument).

sector

from

to

may

an

two

Cromemco
B.

Ftinit and Ftback Error Messages

CTD

Instmction

Manual

Not enough memory

Ftback is not configured
accommodate

memory

the

to

Ftback or specify a smaller I/O buffer with

size

for

I/O buffer

to

of

the

execute in

the

amount of

I/O buffer. Use the Config

memory

utility

the

which would

to

allocate

-1 option.

more

Unexpected argument

The

-v

option should not

V

option

Ftback uses

I

'.-

must

the

be

used

-v

option only if

be

with

followed

floppy

the

by

an argument.

tape

output

device

deviceisa

as

output

cartridge

tape.

29

LIMITED WARRANTY

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Cromemco,
from

WhatIsCoveredByThis

During
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