Crin Aprisa 4RF Product Description
FICHA TECNICA DE:
RADIO APRISA 4RF
Product Description
2 |
Aprisa SR Product Description
Compliance General
The Aprisa SR digital radio predominantly operates within frequency bands that require a site license be
issued by the radio regulatory authority with jurisdiction over the territory in which the equipment is
being operated.
It is the responsibility of the user, before operating the equipment, to ensure that where required the
appropriate license has been granted and all conditions attendant to that license have been met.
Changes or modifications not approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s
authority to operate the equipmen t.
Equipment authorizations sought by 4RF Communications are based on the Aprisa SR radio equipment
being installed at a fixed location and operated in point-to-multipoint mode within the environmental
profile defined by EN 300 019, Class 3.4. Operation outside these criteria may invalidate the
authorizations and / or license conditions.
The term “Radio” with reference to the Aprisa SR User Manual, is a generic term for one end station of a
point-to-multipoint Aprisa SR network and does not confer any rights to connect to any public network or
to operate the equipment within any territory.
Compliance ETSI
The Aprisa SR radio is designed to comply with the European Telecommunications Standards Institute
(ETSI) spec if ica tions as follows:
Radio perform ance EN 300 113-2
EMC EN 301 489 Parts 1 & 5
Environmental EN 300 019, Class 3.4
Safety EN 60950-1:2006
Frequenc y ban d Channel size Power input Notified
body
136-174 MHz 12.5 kHz 12 VDC
400-470 MHz 12.5 kHz 12 VDC
| 3
Aprisa SR Product Description
RF Exposure Warning
WARNING:
The installer and / or user of Aprisa SR radios shall ensure that a separation distance
as given in the following table is maintained between the main axis of the terminal’s
antenna and the body of the user or nearby persons.
Minimum separation distances given are based on the maximum values of the
following meth odologi es :
1. Maximum Permissible Exposure non-occupational limit (B or gene ral public) of
47 CFR 1.1310 and the methodology of FCC’s OST/OET Bulletin number 65.
2. Reference levels as given in Annex III, European Directive on the limitation of
exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz)
(1999/519/EC). These distances will ensure indirect compliance with the
requirements of EN 50385:2002.
Frequenc y (MHz) Maximu m Power
(dBm)
Maximum Antenna
Gain (dBi)
Minimum Separa tion
Distance
(m)
136 + 37 15 2.5
174 + 37 15 2.5
330 + 37 15 2.5
400 + 37 15 2.5
470 + 37 15 2.3
520 + 37 15 2.2
850 + 37 28 7.7
960 + 37 28 7.2
Contents | 5
Aprisa SR Product Description
Contents
1. Introduction ................................................................................ 7
The 4RF Aprisa SR Radio ......................................................................... 7
Product Overview ................................................................................ 8
Network Coverage and Capacity ........................................................ 8
Remote Messaging ......................................................................... 8
Repeater Messaging ....................................................................... 9
Product Features ................................................................................ 10
Functions .................................................................................. 10
Performance .............................................................................. 10
Usability ................................................................................... 10
Architecture...................................................................................... 11
Security ........................................................................................... 12
Interfaces ......................................................................................... 13
Antenna Interface ........................................................................ 13
Ethernet Interface ....................................................................... 13
USB Interfaces ............................................................................ 13
RS-232 Interface .......................................................................... 13
Product Options ................................................................................. 14
Dual Antenna .............................................................................. 14
Mounting .......................................................................................... 15
DIN Rail Mounting ........................................................................ 15
Rack Shelf Mounting ..................................................................... 16
Wall Mounting ............................................................................. 17
2. Specifications ............................................................................ 18
RF Specifications ................................................................................ 18
ETSI Compliant ............................................................................ 18
Frequency Bands .................................................................. 18
Channel Sizes ...................................................................... 18
Product Range ..................................................................... 18
Transmitter ......................................................................... 19
Receiver ............................................................................ 19
Modem .............................................................................. 20
Data Payload Security ............................................................ 20
Interface Specifications ........................................................................ 21
Ethernet Interface ....................................................................... 21
RS-232 Asynchronous Interface ......................................................... 21
Power Specifications ............................................................................ 22
Power Supply .............................................................................. 22
Power Consum pt ion ...................................................................... 22
Power Dissipation ........................................................................ 22
General Specifications .......................................................................... 23
Environmental ............................................................................ 23
Mechanical ................................................................................ 23
ETSI compliance .......................................................................... 23
6 | Contents
Aprisa SR Product Description
3. Management ............................................................................. 25
SuperVisor ........................................................................................ 25
Viewing the Aprisa SR Terminal Settings .............................................. 25
Configuring the Aprisa SR Terminal Details ........................................... 26
Configuring the Aprisa SR RF Netwo rk Details ....................................... 26
Configuring the Aprisa SR Radio Settings ............................................. 27
Command Line Interface ....................................................................... 28
Management Display Panel ..................................................................... 29
LED Display Pa ne l ............................................................................... 30
Normal Operation ........................................................................ 30
Software Upgrade ........................................................................ 30
Test Mode ................................................................................. 31
4. Applications .............................................................................. 32
Basic point-to-multipoint application ........................................................ 32
Advanced point-to-multipoint application with repeater ................................. 33
Multi-interface point-to-multipoint application ............................................ 34
5. Architecture ............................................................................. 35
Product Description ............................................................................. 35
Frame ...................................................................................... 35
MAC Header ........................................................................ 35
Network Header ................................................................... 36
Payload .................................................................................... 36
Auxillary Frame ........................................................................... 36
Physical Layer ............................................................................. 37
Data Link Layer / MAC layer ............................................................ 37
Channel Access .................................................................... 37
Hop by Hop Transm i ssi on ......................................................... 37
Network Layer ............................................................................ 38
Packet Routing ..................................................................... 38
Product Operation............................................................................... 39
Carrier Sense Disabled ................................................................... 39
Carrier Sense Enabled ................................................................... 40
Product Architecture ........................................................................... 43
Radio Block Diagram ..................................................................... 44
Modem Block Diagram ................................................................... 44
6. Contact Us ................................................................................ 45
Introduction | 7
Aprisa SR Product Description
1. Introduction
The 4RF Aprisa SR Radio
The 4RF Aprisa SR is a point-to-multipoint digital radio providing secure narrowband wireless data
connectivity fo r SCADA, infrastructure and telemetry applications.
The radios carry a combination of serial packet data and Ethernet data between the Base Station,
Repeater Stations and Remote Stations.
The Aprisa SR is configurable as a point-to-multipoint Base Station, a Remote Station or a Repeater
Station.
8 | Introduction
Aprisa SR Product Description
Product Overview
Network Coverage and Capacity
In a simple po i nt -to-multipoint network, an Aprisa SR, configured as a base station, will communicate with
multiple remote units in a given coverage area. With a link range of up to 60 km a typical deployment will
have 30 – 50 remote stations attached to the base station. However, geographic features, such as hills,
mountains, trees and foliage, or other path obstructions, such as buildings, tend to limit radio coverage.
Additionally, geography may reduce network capacity at the edge of the network where errors may occur
and require retransmission. However, the Aprisa SR uses Forward Error Correction (FEC) which greatly
improves the sensitivity performance of the radio resulting in less retries and minimal reduction in
capacity.
Ultimately , the overall perfo rmance of any spec i fi c network will be defin ed by a range of factors including
the geographic location, the number of remote stations in the base station coverage area and the traffic
profile across the network. ). Effective network design will distribute the total number of remote stations
acr oss the available base stations to ensure optimal geographic coverage and network capacity.
R emote M essa ging
Base stations are fitted with omni-directional antennas and the remote stations use directional Yagi
antennas for higher gain. On start-up the base stat ion transmits a registration message which is recognised
by the remote stations which respond with their own registration message. This allows the base station to
record the details of all the remote stations active in the network.
There are two message types in the Aprisa SR network, broadcast messages and unicast messages.
Broadcast messages are transmitted by the base station to the remote statio ns and unicast messages are
transmitted by the remote station to the base station.
All the remote stations, within the coverage area, will receive the messages broadcast from the base
station, but only the radio the message is intended for will action the message. Only the base station can
receive the unicast messages transmitted from the remote station. Unicast messages are ignored by other
remote stations which may be able to receive them. The Aprisa SR network is not designed for remote
stations to communicate with other remote stations.
Introduction | 9
Aprisa SR Product Description
R epeat er Mess agin g
The Aprisa SR uses a routed protocol throughout the network whereby messages contain source and
destination addresses. Upon registration, the radios populate an internal neighbor table to identify the
radios in the network. The remote stations will register with a base station, or a repeater, and the
repeater registers with a base station. In networks with a repeater, the repeater must register with the
base station before the remotes can register with the repeater.
Additionally, all messages contain a ‘message type’ field in the header and messages are designated as
either a ‘broadcast’ message, originating from a base station, or a ‘unicast’ message, originating from a
remote station.
In a network with a repeater, or multiple repeaters, the base station broadcasts a message which contains
a message type, a source address and a destination address. The repeater receives the message and
recognizes it is a broadcast message, from the message type and source address and re-broadcasts the
message across the network. All remote stations in the coverage area will receive the message but only
the radio with the destination address will act upon the message.
Similarly, the remote station will send a unicast message which contains a message type (unicast) a source
address and a de stination address (the base station). The repeater will receive this message; recognize
the message type and source address and forward it to the destination address.
It is this methodology which prevents repeater-repeater loops. If there is repeater (A) which, in some
circumstances, is able to pick up the RF signal from another repeater (B), it will not forward the message
as it will only forward broadc ast messages from the base station (reco gnised by the sourc e address). For
unicast messages the repeater (A) will recognize that the message (from repeater (B)) is not from a
remote with which it has an association and similarly ignore the message.
10 | Introduction
Aprisa SR Product Description
Product Features
Functions
• Point-to-Point (PTP) or Point-to-Multipoint (PMP) operation half duplex
• Licensed frequency bands:
VHF 136-174 MHz
UHF 330-400 MHz
†
UHF 400-470 MHz
UHF 450-520 MHz
†
UHF 850-960 MHz
†
• Channel sizes:
6.25 kHz
†
12.5 kHz
25 kHz
†
• Typical deployment of 30 Remote Stations from one Base Station with a practical limit of a few
hundred Remote Stations.
• Dual antenna option for external duplexers or filters (half duplex operation)
• Ethernet data interface plus RS-232 asynchronous data i nter face.
• Data encryption and authentication.
• Complies with international standards, including ETSI RF, EMC, safety and environmental
standards.
†
Future Product Release
Performance
• Long distance operation (typically 30 km radius).
• High transmit power.
• Low noise receiver.
• Forward Error Correction.
• Electronic tuning over the frequency band.
• Thermal management for high power over a wide temperature range.
Usability
• Configuration / diag nosti cs via fro nt panel Management Port USB interface, Ethernet interface.
• Remote station configuration / diagnostics over the radio link.
• LED display for on-site diagnost ics.
• Optional management display for advanced on-site configuration.
• Firmware upgrade and diagnostic reporting via the Host Port USB flash drive .
• Simple installation with integrated mounting holes for wall, DIN rail and rack shelf mounting.
Introduction | 11
Aprisa SR Product Description
Architecture
The Aprisa SR Architecture is based around a layered TCP/IP protocol sta ck:
• Physical
Proprietary wire le s s
Standard RS-232 and Ethernet
• Link
Proprietary wireless (channel access, ARQ, segmentation)
Standard Eth ernet
• Network
Standard IP
Proprietary automatic radio routing table population algorithm
• Transport
Standard TCP, UD P
• Application
Proprietary management application software
12 | Introduction
Aprisa SR Product Description
Security
The Aprisa SR provides security features to implement the key recommendations for industrial control
systems. The security provide d builds upon the best in class from multiple standards bodies, including:
• IEC/TR 62443 (TC65) “Industrial Communications Networks – Network and System Security”.
• IEC/TS 62351 (TC57) “Power System Control and Associated Communications – Data and
Communicat ion Se curity” .
It also adds addit io n al security features through Layer 3 network integration.
The security features implemented are:
• Licensed radio spectrum protects against interference.
• Proprietary physical layer protocol and modified MAC layer protocol based on standardized IEEE
802.15.4.
• Data payload security:
CCM Counter with CBC-MAC integrity (NIST special publication 800-38C).
• Data encryption:
Counter M od e Encryption (CTR) using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES ).
• Data authentication:
Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code (CBC-MAC) using Advanced Encryption
Standard (AE S).
• Secured management interface protects configuration.
• Address filtering enables traffic source authorization
†.
• Distributed Layer 3 firewall protects remote nodes
†.
• Segregated traffic flow enables node isolation, with VLAN and Layer 3 subnets
†.
†
Future Product Release
Introduction | 13
Aprisa SR Product Description
Interfaces
Antenna Interface
• 1 x TNC, 50 ohm, female connector
Single Antenna Option
• 2 x TNC, 50 ohm, female connectors
Dual Antenna Option
Ethernet Interface
• 2 x ports 10/100 base-T Ethernet layer 2 switch using RJ-45.
Used for Ethernet user traffic and product management.
USB Interfaces
• 1 x Management Port using USB micro type B connector.
Used for product configuration with the Command Line Interface (CLI).
• 1 x Host Port using U S B standard type A connector.
Used for softwa re upg ra de and diagnostic reporting.
RS-232 Interface
• 1x RS-232 asynchronous port using RJ-45 connector.
Used for RS -232 async user traffic only.
14 | Introduction
Aprisa SR Product Description
Product Options
Dual Antenna
The standard Aprisa SR uses a one o r two frequency ½ duplex transmission mode which eliminates the
need for a duplexer. However, a Dual Antenna option is available for separate transmit and receive
antenna connection to support external duplexers or filters. The transmissi on remain s half duplex.
Antenna Option Par t Num b e r
Single Antenna APSR-N400-012-
SO
Dual Antenna
-12-ETAA
APSR-N400-012-DO -12-ETAA
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