Cooper Bussmann ELPRO 245U-E User Manual
Read and
Retain for
Future
Reference
Cooper Bussmann
245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem
& Device Server
User Manual
Version 2.19
Cooper Bussmann 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem & Device Server User Manual
ATTENTION!
Incorrect termination of the supply wires may cause internal damage and will void the warranty. To ensure that
your 245U-E enjoys a long life, before turning the power on double-check ALL connections by referring to this User
Manual.
CAUTION
To comply with FCC RF Exposure requirements in section 1.1310 of the FCC Rules, antennas used with this
device must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all persons to satisfy RF exposure
compliance.
DO NOT
• Operate the transmitter when anyone is within 20 cm of the antenna.
• Operate the transmitter unless all RF connectors are secure and any open connectors are properly terminated.
• Operate the equipment near electrical blasting caps or in an explosive atmosphere.
All equipment must be properly grounded for safe operations. All equipment should be serviced only by a qualified
technician.
FCC Notice
This device complies with Part 15.247 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
• This device may not cause harmful interference and
• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
This device must be operated as supplied by ELPRO Technologies. Any changes or modifications made to the
device without the written consent of ELPRO Technologies may void the user’s authority to operate the device.
This device must be installed by professional installers in compliance with 47 CFR Part 15 Subpart C Section
15.204 and 15.205, who will be responsible for maintaining EIRP no greater than 36 dBm in accordance with 47
CFR Part 15 Subpart C Section 15.247 (b)(2)(4).
In accordance with 47 CFR Part 15 Subpart C Section 15.203, only the following antenna and coax cable
combinations can be used with each radio.
Manufacturer Model Number Coax Cable Net
ELPRO MD2400-EL Includes 5 m Cellfoil 2 dBi Gain
ELPRO SG2400-EL CC3-SMA (3 m) 2 dBi Gain
ELPRO Z2400-EL CC10-SMA (10 m) 4 dBi Gain
ELPRO Y2400-EL CC20-SMA (20 m) 6 dBi Gain
Part 15—This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to
Part15 of the FCC rules (Code of Federal Regulations 47CFR Part 15). Operation is subject to the condition that this
device does not cause harmful interference.
NOTE Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by ELPRO could void the user’s authority to
operate this equipment.
This device should only be connected to PCs that are covered by either FCC DoC or are FCC certified.
Safety Notices
Exposure to RF energy is an important safety consideration. The FCC has adopted a safety standard for human
exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic energy emitted by FCC regulated equipment, as a result of its actions
in Docket 93-62 and OET Bulletin 65 Edition 97-01.
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UL Notice
1. The Wireless Ethernet module is to be installed by trained personnel or licensed electricians only, and
installation must be carried out in accordance with the instructions listed in the Installation Guide and
applicable local regulatory codes.
2. The units are intended for Restricted Access Locations.
3. The Wireless Ethernet module is intended to be installed in a final enclosure, rated IP54, before use outdoors.
4. The Equipment shall be powered using an external Listed Power Supply with LPS outputs, or a Class 2 Power
Supply.
5. The Wireless Ethernet module must be properly grounded for surge protection before use.
6. If installed in a hazardous environment, coaxial cable shall be installed in a metallic conduit.
GNU Free Documentation License:
Copyright (C) 2009 ELPRO Technologies.
ELPRO Technologies is using a part of Free Software code under the GNU General Public License in operating
the 245U-E product. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation’s code and
to any other program whose authors commit by using it. The Free Software is copyrighted by Free Software
Foundation, Inc., and the program is licensed “As is” without warranty of any kind. Users are free to contact ELPRO
Technologies at the email address sales@elprotech.com for instructions on how to obtain the source code used in
the 245U-E.
A copy of the license is included in “Appendix F - GNU FREE DOCUMENT LICENSE.”
Important Notice
ELPRO products are designed to be used in industrial environments by experienced industrial engineering
personnel with adequate knowledge of safety design considerations.
ELPRO radio products are used on unprotected license-free radio bands with radio noise and interference. The
products are designed to operate in the presence of noise and interference. However, in an extreme cases radio
noise and interference could cause product operation delays or operation failure. As with all industrial electronic
products, ELPRO products can fail in a variety of modes due to misuse, age, or malfunction. We recommend that
users and designers design systems using design techniques intended to prevent personal injury or damage during
product operation, and provide failure tolerant systems to prevent personal injury or damage in the event of product
failure. Designers must warn users of the equipment or systems if adequate protection against failure has not been
included in the system design. Designers must include this Important Notice in operating procedures and system
manuals.
These products should not be used in non-industrial applications or life-support systems without first consulting
ELPRO.
1. A radio license is not required in some countries, provided the module is installed using the aerial and
equipment configuration described in the 245U-E Installation Guide. Check with your local distributor for
further information on regulations.
2. Operation is authorized by the radio frequency regulatory authority in your country on a non-protection basis.
Although all care is taken in the design of these units, there is no responsibility taken for sources of external
interference. Systems should be designed to be tolerant of these operational delays.
3. To avoid the risk of electrocution, the aerial, aerial cable, serial cables and all terminals of the 245U-E module
should be electrically protected. To provide maximum surge and lightning protection, the module should be
connected to a suitable earth and the aerial, aerial cable, serial cables and the module should be installed as
recommended in the Installation Guide.
4. To avoid accidents during maintenance or adjustment of remotely controlled equipment, all equipment should
be first disconnected from the 245U-E module during these adjustments. Equipment should carry clear
markings to indicate remote or automatic operation. For example, “This equipment is remotely controlled and
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may start without warning. Isolate at the switchboard before attempting adjustments.”
5. The 245U-E module is not suitable for use in explosive environments without additional protection.
6. The 245U-E operates using the same radio frequencies and communication protocols as commercially
available off-the shelf equipment. If your system is not adequately secured, third parties may be able to gain
access to your data or gain control of your equipment via the radio link. Before deploying a system make sure
you have considered the security aspects of your installation carefully.
Release Notice
This is the June 2013 release of the 245U-E Ethernet Modem User Manual version 2.19 which applies to version
2.19 modem firmware.
Follow Instructions
Read this entire manual and all other publications pertaining to the work to be performed before installing,
operating, or servicing this equipment. Practice all plant and safety instructions and precautions. Failure to follow
the instructions can cause personal injury and/or property damage.
Proper Use
Any unauthorized modifications to or use of this equipment outside its specified mechanical, electrical, or other
operating limits may cause personal injury and/or property damage, including damage to the equipment. Any such
unauthorized modifications: (1) constitute “misuse” and/or “negligence” within the meaning of the product warranty,
thereby excluding warranty coverage for any resulting damage; and (2) invalidate product certifications or listings.
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CONTENTS
Chapter 1 - INTRODUCTION ...................7
1.0 Network Topology ........................7
Access Point vs. Client .....................8
Bridge vs. Router .........................9
1.1 Getting Started Quickly ...................11
Chapter 2 - INSTALLATION ...................12
2.0 General ................................12
2.1 Antenna Installation ......................12
Antenna Diversity ........................13
Line-of-sight Installations ..................13
Antennas ...............................13
Installation Tips ..........................13
Dipole and Collinear Antennas ..............14
Directional Antennas ......................15
2.2 Power Supply ...........................15
2.3 Serial Connections .......................16
RS232 Serial Port ........................16
DB9 Connector Pinouts ...................17
RS485 Serial Port ........................17
2.4 Discrete (Digital) Input/Output ..............18
Chapter 3 - OPERATION .....................19
3.0 Startup ................................19
Access Point Startup (245U-E-G) ............19
Access Point Startup (245U-E-A) ............19
Client Startup ...........................19
Link Establishment .......................19
How a Link Connection is Lost .............19
Roaming Clients .........................20
LED Indication ..........................20
3.1 Selecting a Channel ......................20
802.11b/g (2.4 GHz) ......................20
802.11a (5 GHz) .........................21
Dynamic Frequency Selection ..............22
3.2 Configuring the Unit for the First Time .......23
Default Configuration .....................23
Accessing Configuration for the First Time ....23
3.3 Quick Start Configuration .................28
3.5 Spanning Tree Algorithm ..................31
3.6 Compatibility ...........................32
3 Address Mode and 4 Address Mode .......32
Addresses in a Wireless Ethernet Data Frame .32
Packets Between Access Point and Client ....32
240U-E Compatibility .....................32
3.7 Security Menu ..........................33
WEP (64-bit) and (128-bit) .................33
Encryption Keys 1 to 4 ...................33
Default WEP Key ........................34
Open or Shared Authentication Mode ........34
WPA / WPA2 ............................34
WPA Enterprise – Authenticator (AP)
Configuration ...........................35
WPA Enterprise – Supplicant (Client)
Configuration ...........................36
3.8 Normal Operation .......................36
Bridge Operation (Transparent Network) ......36
Router Operation (Routed Network) ..........37
3.9 Radio Configuration ......................37
Channel Selection .......................39
245U-E-G Modem (2.4 GHz 802.11b/g) ......39
245U-E-A Modem (5 GHz 802.11a) .........39
3.10 Advanced Radio Configuration ............40
Fixed Noise Floor ........................41
3.11 Serial Port Configuration .................41
RS-232 PPP Server ......................41
Serial Gateway (Server/Client/Multicast) ......42
Serial Gateway (Modbus RTU to TCP) ........43
Modbus TCP to RTU Gateway ..............43
3.12 Serial Menu ...........................44
RS-232 / RS485 Serial Port Configuration .....44
RS232 PPP Server (Only RS232) ............44
RS-232 / RS485 Serial Gateway Mode .......45
RS-232 / RS485 Modbus TCP/RTU Converter . 46
3.13 Multicast Pipe Manager ..................46
3.15 Modbus I/O Transfer ....................47
3.16 Roaming ..............................51
3.17 Repeaters (WDS) .......................53
3.18 Routing ...............................60
3.19 Filtering ..............................61
MAC Address Filter Configuration ...........63
IP Address Filter Configuration .............63
ARP Filter Configuration ...................64
3.20 DHCP Client Configuration ...............64
3.21 DHCP Server Configuration ...............65
3.22 DNS Server Configuration ................65
3.23 VLAN ................................65
What is VLAN ...........................65
Operation ..............................66
VLAN Group ............................67
Interface Membership .....................68
Example 1: Basic VLAN ...................68
Example 2: Multiple Wireless Interfaces ......69
3.24 Module Information .....................72
3.25 Configuration Examples .................73
Setting a 245U-E to Factory Default Settings ..73
Extending a Wired Network ................73
Connecting Separate Networks ............74
Extending Range Using Repeaters ..........76
Chapter 4 - DIAGNOSTICS ...................77
4.0 Diagnostics Chart .......................77
Boot Status LED Indication During Startup ....77
4.1 Connectivity ............................77
Connected Devices ......................78
Site Survey .............................78
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4.2 Channel Survey (Utilization) ................79
Channel Utilization on a Live System .........79
Channel Utilization for Channel Selection
or RF Path Testing .......................79
Diagnosing Low Throughput ...............79
Solutions for High Channel Utilization ........79
4.3 Custom Survey .........................81
4.4 Throughput Test ........................84
Internal Throughput Test ..................84
Throughput and Repeaters .................86
4.5 Statistics ..............................86
Wireless Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Client .................................88
Network Traffic Analysis ..................88
4.6 System Tools ...........................88
4.7 Testing Radio Paths ......................89
Connection and Signal Strength ............89
Iperf Throughput Test .....................89
Internal Radio Test .......................89
RSSI ..................................90
Throughput ............................90
4.8 Remote Configuration ....................91
4.9 Internal Diagnostics Modbus Registers .......92
Connection Information ...................92
Statistic Registers ........................92
4.10 Utilities ...............................93
ping ...................................93
arp ....................................95
route ..................................96
Chapter 5 - SPECIFICATIONS .................97
Appendix A - FIRMWARE UPGRADE ...........99
Web-based Upgrade ........................99
Appendix B - GLOSSARY ...................100
Appendix C - CHANNELS ...................104
Appendix D - EXTERNAL IPERF TEST ........106
Materials .................................106
Installation ...............................106
Iperf Applications ..........................106
JPerf Application ..........................108
Appendix E - DECLARATION of CONFORMITY ..109
245U-E-A Declaration of Conformity ...........109
245U-E-G Declaration of Conformity ..........110
Appendix F - GNU FREE DOCUMENT LICENSE 111
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ChapTEr 1 - INTrODUCTION
The 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem and Device Server is an industrial 802.11-compliant module that provides
wireless connections between Ethernet devices and/or Ethernet wired networks (LANs). The 245U-E is available in
two models with different RF power and frequency options suitable for your country’s local radio regulations. The
models comply with their relevant IEEE 802.11 standard.
245U-E-G 802.11 b/g 400 mW max power
245U-E-A 802.11 a 400 mW max power
The 245U-E-G and 245U-E-A have the same functionality, but use a different radio to communicate. The two
types of radios do not communicate with each other, that is, a 245U-E-G will not communicate with a 245U-E-A.
Only modules of the same type are able to communicate wirelessly with each other. Throughout this manual, any
reference to 245U-E refers to one of the above models.
The 245U-E-G model uses a 2.4-GHz direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) wireless transceiver. Users pick
a 20-MHz channel with 5-MHz channel spacing from the available 13 channels, starting with the first channel
centered on 2.412 GHz. There are some limitations depending on country. See “Appendix C - CHANNELS” for
channel selections. Note that regulations in North America permit 11 x 2.4 GHz channels and Europe permits 13 x
2.4 GHz channels.
The 245U-E-A uses a 5-GHz DSSS wireless transceiver, and users must select appropriate channel and transmit
power allowable in their country. Check with your ELPRO representative for the permitted channel usage in your
country. See “Appendix C - CHANNELS” for channels selections.
The 245U-E unit also provides two serial connections in addition to the Ethernet connections. It is possible to use
all three data connections concurrently, allowing the 245U-E to act as a device server. Wireless connections can be
made between serial devices and Ethernet devices. The 245U-E provides connection functionality between serial
Modbus RTU devices and Ethernet Modbus TCP devices. Appropriate driver applications will be required in the
host devices to handle other protocols.
The modem is VLAN compliant and capable of passing VLAN tagged frames by default. VLAN bridging and Routing
Modes are also available which will facilitate a number of different VLAN topologies.
The 245U-E has a standard RJ45 Ethernet connection that will operate at up to 100 Mbit/sec. The module will
transmit the Ethernet messages on the wireless band at rates between 1 and 54 Mbit/sec and 6 and 54 Mbit/sec,
depending on model, band, encryption methods, and radio paths.
1.0 Network Topology
The 245U-E is an Ethernet device, and must be configured as part of an Ethernet network. Each 245U-E must be
configured as an:
• Access Point or Sta, Station, Client
• Bridge or Router
You can also connect to the 245U-E via a RS232 or RS485 serial port using serial server or Point-to-Point (PPP)
protocol. PPP allows the 245U-E to connect serial communications into the Ethernet network.
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Figure 1 Network Topology
Access Point vs. Client
The access point unit acts as the wireless master unit. The access point accepts and authorizes links initiated by
client units, and controls the wireless communications. Clients (Stations) are slave units and when connected to the
access point becomes transparent Ethernet link. Figure 2 shows a connection between two Ethernet devices using
245U-E Ethernet modems. In this example, one 245U-E is configured as an access point and the other as a client.
Figure 2 Access Point and Client (Example 1)
Figure 3 shows an existing LAN being extended using 245U-Es. In this example, the access point should be
configured at the LAN end, although the wireless link will still work if the client is at the LAN end.
Figure 3 Access Point and Client (Example 2)
An access point can connect to multiple clients. In this case, the access point should be the central unit.
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Figure 4 Repeater
An access point could be used as a repeater unit to connect two 245U-E clients that do not have direct reliable
radio paths. There is no special repeater module—any 245U-E can be a repeater and at the same time, can be
connected to an Ethernet devices or on a LAN.
Multiple access points can be set up in a mesh network to provide multiple repeaters.
Bridge vs. Router
Each 245U-E is configured with one IP address for the Ethernet side and another for the wireless side. A bridge
connects devices within the same Ethernet network, for example, extending an existing Ethernet LAN. For a bridge,
the IP address for the wireless side is the same as the Ethernet side.
Figure 5 Multiple Repeaters
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Figure 6 Bridge
A router connects devices on different LANs. The IP addresses for the Ethernet and wireless sides are different.
Inthis example, the wireless link is part of LAN A, with the client unit acting as a router between LAN A and LAN B.
Alternatively, the access point could be configured as a router. The wireless link is then part of LAN B. If more than
two routers are required within the same radio network, routing rules may need to be configured
(see “3.18 Routing” for further details). There is no limit to the number of bridges in the same network, although
there is a limit of 128 client units linked to any single access point.
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Figure 7 Client Router
Figure 8 AP Router
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Figure 9 Router
1.1 Getting Started Quickly
Most applications for the 245U-E require little configuration. The 245U-E has many sophisticated features, but if
you do not require these features this section will enable you to configure the units quickly.
To get started quickly:
1. First, read “Chapter 2 - INSTALLATION.” The 245U-E requires an antenna and a power supply.
2. Power on the 245U-E and make an Ethernet connection to your PC.
For detailed steps, refer to “3.2 Configuring the Unit for the First Time.”
3. Set the 245U-E address settings as described in “3.2 Configuring the Unit for the First Time.”
4. Save the configuration.
The 245U-E is now ready to use.
Before installing the 245U-E, bench test the system. It is much easier to locate problems when the equipment is all
together. There are other configuration settings, which may or may not improve the operation of the system. For
more information, refer to “3.0 Startup.”
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ChapTEr 2 - INSTaLLaTION
2.0 General
The 245U-E modules are housed in a rugged aluminum case suitable for DIN-rail mounting. Terminals will accept
wires up to 2.5 mm2 (12 gauge) in size. All connections to the module must be SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage).
Normal 110-250 V mains supply must not be connected to any terminal of the 245U-E module. See “2.2 Power
Supply.”
Before installing a new system, it is preferable to bench test the complete system. Configuration problems are
easier to recognize when the system units are adjacent. Following installation, the most common problem is poor
communications caused by incorrectly installed antennas, radio interference on the same channel, or the radio
path being inadequate. If the radio path is a problem (for example, the path is too long or obstructed), a higher
performance antenna or a higher mounting point for the antenna may rectify the problem. Alternatively, use an
intermediate 245U-E module as a repeater.
The
245U-E Installation Guide
is provided below. Each 245U-E module should be effectively earthed via the “GND” terminal on the back of the
module. This is to ensure that the surge protection circuits inside are effective.
2.1 Antenna Installation
The 245U-E module will operate reliably over large distances. However, the achievable distances will vary with the
application, radio model, type and location of antennas, the degree of radio interference, and obstructions (such as
buildings or trees) to the radio path.
provides an installation drawing appropriate to most applications. Further information
The maximum range achievable depends on the radio model, the regulated RF power permitted in your country,
and whether you use separate transmit and receive antennas. If using a 245U-E-G (2.4 GHz) with a single antenna,
10 km (6 miles) can be achieved in USA, Canada, and Australia (4 W EIRP) and 2 km in Europe (100 mW EIRP).
Ifusing a 245U-E-A (5 GHz) with a single antenna, 5 km (3 miles) can be achieved in USA, Canada, and Australia
(1 W EIRP) and 3 km in Europe (500 mW EIRP), but more care is needed in selecting antennas and coax, and radio
paths need to be complete line of site (no obstruction whatsoever).
To achieve the maximum transmission distance, the antennas should be raised above intermediate obstructions so
that the radio path is true line-of-sight. The modules will operate reliably with some obstruction of the radio path,
although the reliable distance will be reduced. Obstructions that are close to either antenna will have more of a
blocking affect than obstructions in the middle of the radio path. The 245U-E modules provide a diagnostic feature
that displays the radio signal strength of transmissions (refer to “Chapter 4 - DIAGNOSTICS”).
Line-of-sight paths are only necessary to obtain the maximum range. Obstructions will reduce the range, but
may not prevent a reliable path. A greater amount of obstruction can be tolerated for shorter distances. For short
distances, it is possible to mount the antennas inside buildings. An obstructed path requires testing to determine if
the path will be reliable. Refer to “4.7 Testing Radio Paths.”
Where it is not possible to achieve reliable communications between two 245U-E modules, a third 245U-E module
may be used to receive the message and re-transmit it. This module is referred to as a repeater. This module may
also have a host device connected to it.
The 245U-E unit has two antenna connections at the top of the module, allowing for two antennas to be fitted
to the module if necessary. By default the right connector, labeled “TX/RX,” is the main connection used for
transmitter and receiver. The left connector, labeled “RX,” is not connected unless configured as described in
“3.10 Advanced Radio Configuration.” Each antenna port can be configured for TX only, RX only, or Diversity
(TXand RX). Selection can be made by choosing one of the options from TX Antenna / RX Antenna on the
Advanced Radio Configuration page.
NOTE When only one antenna is used, it must be connected to the TX/RX connector.
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Antenna Diversity
One reason to use multi-antennas is to comply with local radio licensing regulations. All countries have a limit on
the amount of transmitted power and radiated power from the antenna. In the US this is 400-millwatts transmit
power and 4-watts EIRP (effective isotropic radiated power). See “3.10 Advanced Radio Configuration” for details
on configuring antenna diversity
In North America, the maximum allowable radiated power (EIRP) for a 245U-E-G is 4 W, which is 10 dB higher that
the modules transmit power of 400 mW. Therefore, you can increase the antenna gain as long as the overall system
gain (antenna gain, coax loss) does not rise above 10 dB.
Example
• Using the 245U-E with a 10 m (33 ft) Cellfoil coax cable (approximately 6 dB of loss) and an 8-dBi gain antenna
would equate to approximately 2 dB of gain, which is well below the 10 dB limit.
• Using the 245U-E with a 20 m (66 ft) Cellfoil coax cable (approximately 12 dB of loss) and an 18-dBi antenna
would equate to approximately 6 dB of gain, which is also below the 10 dB limit.
Line-of-sight Installations
In longer line-of-sight installations, the range may be increased by using a high gain antenna on the TX/RX
connector. However, the gain should not cause the effective radiated power (ERP) to exceed the permitted value.
A second higher gain antenna can be connected to the RX connector without affecting ERP. This will increase the
operating range, provided any interference in the direction of the link is low.
Antennas
Antennas can be either connected directly to the module connectors or connected via 50-ohm coaxial cable (such
as RG58 Cellfoil or RG213) terminated with a male SMA coaxial connector. The higher the antenna is mounted, the
greater the transmission range. However, cable losses also increase as the length of the coaxial cable increases.
The net gain of an antenna/cable configuration is the gain of the antenna (in dBi) less the loss in the coaxial cable
(in dB). The maximum net gain of the antenna/cable configuration connected to the TX/RX connector is 0 dB in
Europe (100 mW ERP). In USA, Canada and Australia (4 W ERP), the maximum gain is 10 dB for the 245U-E-400
and 16 dB for the 245U-E-100.
There is no gain restriction for antennas connected to the RX connector.
Antenna 245U-E-G Gain (dBi) 245U-E-A Gain (dBi)
Dipole 2 dBi 6 dBi
Collinear 5 or 10 dBi 10 dBi
Directional 18 dBi 10 – 20 dBi
Cable Loss dB per 30 m / 100 ft dB per 30 m / 100 ft
RG58 Cellfoil -17 dB -24.5 dB
RG213 -16.2 dB -28.6 dB
LDF4-50 -3.6 dB -5.5 dB
NOTE 20 dB attenuator must be fitted if radio distance is less than 33 ft (10 m).
The net gain of the antenna/cable configuration is determined by adding the antenna gain and the cable loss. For
example, using the 245U-E-G a 10 dBi antenna (7.8 dBd) with 10 meters of Cellfoil (-5.6 dB) has a net gain of
2.2dB (7.8 dB – 5.6 dB).
Installation Tips
Connections between the antenna and coaxial cable should be carefully taped to prevent ingress of moisture.
Moisture ingress in the coaxial cable is a common cause for problems with radio systems, as it greatly increases
the radio losses. We recommend that the connection be taped, first with a layer of PVC tape, then with a
vulcanizing tape such as 3M™ 23 tape, and finally with another layer of PVC UV-stabilized insulating tape. The
first layer of tape allows the joint to be easily inspected when trouble shooting because the vulcanizing seal can be
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easily removed.
Where antennas are mounted on elevated masts, the masts should be effectively earthed (grounded) to avoid
lightning surges. For high lightning risk areas, surge suppression devices between the module and the antenna
are recommended. If the antenna is not already shielded from lightning strike by an adjacent earthed/grounded
structure, a lightning rod may be installed above the antenna to provide shielding.
Figure 10 Vulcanizing Tape
Dipole and Collinear Antennas
A dipole or collinear antenna transmits the same amount of radio power in all directions—as such they are easy
to install and use. The dipole antenna with integral 15 ft (5 m) cable does not require any additional coaxial cable.
However, a cable must be used with the collinear antennas. To obtain maximum range, collinear and dipole
antennas should be mounted vertically, preferably 1 wavelength away from a wall or mast (see Figure 11 for
distances), and at least 3 ft (1 m) from the radio module.
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Figure 11 Colinear/Dipole Antenna
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Directional Antennas
Directional antennas can be any of the following:
• Yagi antenna with a main beam and orthogonal elements.
• Directional radome, which is cylindrical in shape.
• Parabolic antenna.
A directional antenna provides high gain in the forward direction, but lower gain in other directions. This type of
antenna may be used to compensate for coaxial cable loss for installations with marginal radio path.
Yagi antennas should be installed with the main beam horizontal, pointing in the forward direction. If the Yagi is
transmitting to a vertically mounted omni-directional antenna, the Yagi elements should be vertical. If the Yagi is
transmitting to another Yagi, the elements at each end of the wireless link need to in the same plane (horizontal or
vertical).
Directional radomes should be installed with the central beam horizontal and must be pointed exactly in the
direction of transmission to benefit from the gain of the antenna. Parabolic antennas should be mounted as per the
manufacturer’s instructions, with the parabolic grid at the back and the radiating element pointing in the direction of
the transmission.
Ensure that the antenna mounting bracket is well connected to ground/earth.
2.2 Power Supply
The 245U-E module can be powered from a 9–30 Vdc power supply. The power supply should be rated at 1 Amp.
The positive side of the supply must not be connected to earth/ground. The supply negative is connected to the
unit case internally. The DC supply may be a floating supply or negatively grounded.
Figure 12 Collinear Antenna
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Figure 13 Power Supply
The power requirements of the 245U-E unit are shown in the following table.
245U-E-G 245U-E-A
Voltage 12 Vdc 24 Vdc 12 Vdc 24 Vdc
Quiescent 290 mA 150 mA 300 mA 160 mA
TX @100 mW 310 mA 170 mA 370 mA 190 mA
TX @ 400 mW 340 mA 180 mA 410 mA 210 mA
A ground terminal is provided on the back of the module. This terminal should be connected to the main ground
point of the installation in order to provide efficient surge protection for the module (refer to the installation diagram
in the
245U-E Installation Guide
).
2.3 Serial Connections
RS232 Serial Port
The serial port is a 9-pin DB9 female, and provides for connection to a host device as well as a PC terminal for
configuration, field testing, and factory testing. Communication is via standard RS232 signals. The 245U-E is
configured as DCE equipment with the pinouts described below.
Hardware handshaking using the CTS/RTS lines is provided. The CTS/RTS lines may be used to reflect the status
of the local unit’s input buffer. The 245U-E does not support XON/XOFF. Example cable drawings for connection to
a DTE host (a PC) or another DCE hosts (or modem) are detailed in Figure 14.
Figure 14 Serial Cable
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DB9 Connector Pinouts
Pin Name Direction Function
1 DCD Out Data Carrier Detect
2 RD Out Transmit Data – Serial Data Output (from DCE to DTE)
3 TD In Receive Data – Serial Data Input (from DTE to DCE)
4 DTR In Data Terminal Ready
5 SG — Signal Ground
6 DSR Out Data Set Ready - always high when unit is powered on.
7 RTS In Request to Send
8 CTS Out Clear to Send
9 RI Ring Indicator
RS485 Serial Port
The RS485 port provides for communication between the 245U-E unit and its host device using a multi-drop cable.
Up to 32 devices may be connected in each multi-drop network. Because the RS485 communication medium is
shared, only one of the units on the RS485 cable may send data at any a time. Therefore, communication protocols
based on the RS-485 standard require some type of arbitration.
RS485 is a balanced differential standard, but it is recommended that shielded twisted pair cable be used to
interconnect modules to reduce potential RFI. It is important to maintain the polarity of the two RS485 wires.
AnRS485 network should be wired as indicated in the diagram below and terminated at each end of the network
with a 120-ohm resistor. On-board 120-ohm resistors are provided and may be engaged by operating the single
DIP switch in the end plate next to the RS485 terminals. The DIP switch should be in the “1” (on) position to
connect the resistor. If the module is not at one end of the RS485 cable, the switch should be off.
NOTE Shorter runs of 485 cable may not require the termination resistors to be enabled.
Figure 15 Multidrop Serial
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Figure 16 End Plate
2.4 Discrete (Digital) Input/Output
The 245U-E has one on-board discrete/digital I/O channel. This channel can act as either a discrete input or
discrete output. It can be monitored, set remotely, or alternatively used to output a communications alarm status.
If used as an input, the I/O channel is suitable for voltage-free contacts (such as mechanical switches) or NPN
transistor devices (such as electronic proximity switches). PNP transistor devices are not suitable. Contact wetting
current of approximately 5 mA is provided to maintain reliable operation of driving relays.
The digital input is connected between the DIO terminal and common COM. The I/O circuit includes a LED
indicator, which is green when the digital input is active, that is, when the input circuit is closed. Provided the
resistance of the switching device is less than 200 ohms, the device will be able to activate the digital input.
Figure 17 DIO Input
The I/O channel may also be used as a discrete output. The digital outputs are transistor switched DC signals,
FEToutput to common rated at 30 Vdc 500 mA.
NOTE The output circuit is connected to the DIO terminal. The digital output circuit includes a LED
indicator, which is red when the digital output is active.
Figure 18 DIO Output
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ChapTEr 3 - OpEraTION
3.0 Startup
Access Point Startup (245U-E-G)
When an access point unit starts up, it checks if the channel selection is set to “Auto.” If it is, the access point
will scan all available channels, pick the quietest then begin transmitting periodic messages, called beacons.
Ifthe access point is configured with a fixed channel, it will immediately begin sending beacons on the configured
channel. Beacons include information that a client may examine in order to identify if the access point is suitable
for link establishment. Clients will only attempt to establish a link with an access point whose beacon indicates a
matching SSID. Access points do not initiate link establishment.
Access Point Startup (245U-E-A)
If the modem is configured to use Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS), it will behave slightly differently than
the 245U-E-G because it needs to comply with DFS regulations. When an access point starts up, it will scan all
available channels from the selected groups and then select the quietest, similar to the 245U-E-G. It will then
go into a scan mode for 60 seconds where it listens for any radar signals. If a radar signal is detected, it will flag
the channel as being unavailable (the channel will stay unavailable for 30 minutes) and then pick another random
channel and repeat the same scanning process until a radar-free channel becomes available.
Client Startup
When a client powers up, it scans for beacons from access points. While a link is not established, the client
cyclically scans all available channels for a suitable access point. The client will attempt to establish a link with an
access point only if it has matching SSID and encryption method, and other compatible capabilities as indicated by
the beacon. If more than one suitable access point is discovered, the client will attempt to establish a link with the
access point that has the strongest radio signal.
Link Establishment
Once a client identifies a suitable access point for link establishment it attempts to establish a link using a twostep process—authentication, and association. During authentication, the client and access point check if their
configurations permit them to establish a link. Once the client has been authenticated, it will then request an
association to establish a link.
Status of the wireless link is indicated via the TX/LINK LED. For an access point, the TX/LINK LED will be off while
no links have been established. Once one or more links have been established, the TX/LINK LED is on green. For
a client, the Link LED will reflect the connection status to an access point. Link status is also displayed on the
Connectivity page of the Web interface.
After the link is established, data may be transferred in both directions. The access point will act as a master unit
and will control the flow of data to the clients linked to it. Clients can only transmit data to the access point to
which they are connected. When a client transfers data to another client, it first transmits the data to the access
point, which then forwards the data to the destined client. A maximum of 127 clients may be linked to an access
point.
NOTE The presence of a link does not mean that the connected unit is authorized to communicate over
radio. If the encryption keys are incorrect between units in the same system or a dissimilar encryption
scheme is configured, the LINK LED will turn on, but data cannot be passed over the wireless network.
How a Link Connection is Lost
The access point refreshes the link status with a client every time a message is received from that client. If nothing
is received from a client for a period of 120 seconds, the access point sends a “link-check” message. If there is no
response to the link-check, a de-authenticate message is sent and the link is dropped.
A client monitors beacon messages from an access point to determine whether the link is still present. If the client
can no longer receive beacons from the access point it assumes that the access point is out of range and the link
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is dropped. Whenever a client is not connected to an access point, it will cyclically scan all available channels for a
suitable access point.
Roaming Clients
Clients can roam within a system, but if the link to the access point fails or the radio signal level becomes too
weak it will scan for beacons and connect to an access point (provided the SSID and any encryption methods,
keys are compatible). If there are multiple access points, it will select the connection with the best signal level. This
functionality permits a client to have mobility while maintaining a link with the most suitable access point.
LED Indication
The following table details the status of the indicating LEDs on the front panel under normal operating conditions.
LED Indicator Condition Meaning
OK Green Normal operation.
OK Flashing Red / Green Module boot sequence.
Radio RX Green flash Radio receiving data (good signal strength).
Radio RX Red flash Radio receiving data (low signal strength).
TX/LINK Green Radio connection established.
TX/LINK Red flash Radio transmitting.
RS-232 Green flash Data sent from RS-232 serial port.
RS-232 Red flash Data received to RS-232 serial port.
LAN ON Link established on Ethernet port
LAN Flash Activity on Ethernet port.
RS-485 Green flash Data sent from RS-485 serial port.
RS-485 Red flash Data received to RS-485 serial port.
DIO Green Digital input is grounded.
DIO Red Digital output is active.
DIO Off Digital output off and input is open circuit.
The Ethernet RJ45 port incorporates two indication LEDs. The Link LED comes on when there is a connection on
the Ethernet port, and will blink off briefly when activity is detected on the Ethernet port. The 100-MB LED indicates
that the connection is at 100 MBit/sec. The 100-MB LED will be off for 10 MB/sec connection. Other conditions
indicating a fault are described in “Chapter 4 - DIAGNOSTICS.”
3.1 Selecting a Channel
802.11b/g (2.4 GHz)
The 245U-E-G conforms to the IEEE 802.11b/g Wireless LAN specification. The 245U-E-G supports 13 x 20 MHz,
12 x 10 MHz and 13 x 5 MHz radio channels in the 2412 MHz to 2482 MHz frequency range. Channels are country
or region specific. Please check your local regulatory body for compliance and channel selection.
Figure 20 shows that there are a limited number of channels available in the 2.4 GHz frequency range. Care must
be taken when selecting an operating channel, as some of the channels overlap. The 20-MHz channels have a
separation of 5 MHz, which means there is some overlap into the next channel. Channel 1 will overlap into channel
2, 3, and 4, channel 6 will overlap into channels 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9. If complete separation is required, you can use
channels 1, 6 and 11 without any interference between the channels.
The 10 MHz channels are also separated by 5 MHz and overlap the adjacent channels by 5 MHz forward and
backward. Channel 41 will overlap with channel 42, channel 46 will overlap with channel 45 and 47. The 5MHz
channels are separated by 5 MHz and do not overlap at all, so you can operate all 13 channels at the same time
with minimal interference from the adjacent channel.
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Figure 19 Channel Separation
Only one of these channels is used at a time and is configured at the access point, The access point then uses
this channel to send out beacon transmissions and connections. Clients scan all channels for a suitable access
point and then adopt the same channel as the access point when a connection is established. Figure 20 shows the
RFenergy distribution for the 802.11b/g transmission.
Figure 20 2.4-GHz Frequencies
On the 20-MHz channel (green), most of the energy is transmitted within the channel but some of the energy is
transmitted on the channels on either side, therefore causing interference on the these channels. The 10-MHz
channels (orange) are similar, with half of the energy overlapping into the next channel, but you can configure up
to 6x non-interfering channels at the same time. The 5-MHz channels (blue) do not overlap, so all 13 channels can
be used at the same time. There is also a single 40-MHz Channel (purple) that takes up over half of the full 2.4-GHz
band, and is therefore much more susceptible to interference from other channels.
If there is more than one 802.11 access point within the same wireless range, it is important that the access points
are on channels that are as far apart as possible. If there are two 20-MHz channel access points, set them to
channel 1 and 11. If there are three, set them to 1, 6, and 11.
802.11a (5 GHz)
The 245U-E-A utilizes frequency bands within the range of 5.15 GHz and 5.825 GHz. This is broken into 4 distinct
U-NII bands, and each region (for example, EU, US, AUS, NZ) has their own power and operational constraints.
See“Appendix C - CHANNELS” for details.
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Figure 21 2.4-GHz Channels
The following table shows the US power and operational constraints.
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
5.15–5.25 GHz @ 50 mW
5.25–5.35 GHz @ 250 mW to 1 Watt
5.47–5.725 GHz @ 250 mW to 1 Watt
5.725–5.825 GHz @ 1 Watt
Each frequency band has certain limitations on the amount of radiated power that it can output, as well as whether
the band uses Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS), which is explained in the next section.
Dynamic Frequency Selection
Because of the push within the 802.11a market to open up new spectrum for unlicensed radio, a mechanism called
Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) was developed so that the 802.11 Wi-Fi could coexist with existing military
and telecommunication radar systems. Access points with 5-GHz radios comply with regulations that require radio
devices to use DFS, which can detect radar signals and avoid interfering with them by automatically scanning and
then selecting another channel or band.
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Figure 22 5-GHz Channels
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When DFS is enabled, the access point (master device) goes through the following steps:
1. The master device that initiates communications selects a channel and monitors that channel for
potential radar interference for a minimum listening time of 60 seconds (channel availability check time).
Notransmissions can occur during this period.
2. If interference is detected, the system selects another channel and repeats the channel availability check on
the new channel (the original channel is added to a list of channels with radar).
3. Once a channel has been selected and passes the channel availability check, the network starts to use that
channel.
4. While using the channel, the network’s master device continuously monitors for potential interference from
a radar source (this is referred to as “in-service monitoring”). If interference is detected, the network master
device issues commands to all other in-network devices to cease transmissions. The channel is added to the
list of channels with radar.
5. The master device then selects a new channel (one that is not on the radar list).
6. A channel that has been flagged as containing a radar signal (either by a channel availability check or by
in-service monitoring) is subject to a 30-minute non-occupancy period, during which time the channel cannot
be used by the device in order to protect scanning radars. The channel on the radar list will be purged once
the non-occupancy period has elapsed for that channel.
3.2 Configuring the Unit for the First Time
The 245U-E has a built-in Web server containing webpages for analyzing and modifying the module’s configuration.
The configuration can be accessed using Microsoft® Internet Explorer® version 7 or greater. This program is
shipped with Microsoft Windows® or may be obtained freely from the Microsoft website. If using other browsers,
make sure that they are fully compliant with IE7 SSL security.
NOTE Microsoft Internet Explorer Version 6 will not load webpages due to a compatibility issue between
IE6 and SSL-security websites.
Default Configuration
The default factory configuration of the 245U-E is as follows:
• Client/Bridge/.
• IP address 192.168.0.1XX, where “XX” is the last two digits of the serial number (the default IP address is
shown on the printed label on the back of the module).
• Netmask 255.255.255.0.
• Username is “user” and the default password is “user”.
The 245U-E will temporarily load some factory default settings if powered up with the factory default switch (on the
end-plate of the module) in SETUP position. The previous configuration remains stored in non-volatile memory and
will only change if a configuration parameter is modified and the change saved.
NOTE Wireless operation is disabled when in SETUP mode. Remember set the switch back to the RUN
position and cycle power at the conclusion of configuration for resumption of normal operation.
Accessing Configuration for the First Time
Because the default IP address is in the range 192.168.0.XXX, the unit may not connect to you network or PC.
There are two methods for accessing the configuration for the first time.
METhOD 1: Change your computer settings so that the configuring PC is on the same network as the 245U-E with
factory default settings. This is the preferred method and is much simpler than the second method. You will need a
straight-through Ethernet cable between the PC Ethernet port and the 245U-E. The factory default Ethernet address
for the 245U-E is 192.168.0.1XX, where “XX” is the last two digits of the serial number (check the label on the back
of the module).
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METhOD 2: Requires temporarily changing the IP address in the 245U-E via an RS232 connection so that it is
accessible on your network without having to change your PC network settings. When connected you can change
the modem network settings to match that of your network.
Method 1 – Set PC to Same Network as 245U-E
1. Connect the Ethernet cable between the module and the PC configuring the module.
2. Set the factory default switch to the SETUP position.
This will always start the 245U-E with Ethernet IP address 192.168.0.1XX, subnet mask 255.255.255.0,
gateway IP 192.168.0.1, and the radio disabled.
NOTE Remember to set the switch back to the RUN position and restart the module at the conclusion
of configuration for resumption of normal operation.
3. Power up the 245U-E module.
4. On the PC, open the Control Panel, and then open Network Settings.
The following description is for Windows XP. Earlier Windows operating systems have similar settings.
5. Open Properties of Local Area Connection.
6. Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click Properties.
7. On the General tab, enter the IP address 192.168.0.1 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0, and then click OK.
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Figure 23 Local Area Connection
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Figure 24 TCP/IP Properties
8. Open Internet Explorer and ensure that settings will allow you to connect to the IP address selected.
If the PC uses a proxy server, ensure that Internet Explorer will bypass the proxy server for local addresses.
This option may be modified by opening Tools -> Internet Options -> Connections Tab -> LAN Settings->Proxy
Server -> bypass proxy for local addresses.
9. Enter the default IP address for the 245U-E:
https://192.168.0.1XX, where “XX” is the last two digits of the serial number.
10. Enter the username “user” and default password “user”.
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Figure 25 Main Screen
11. To resume normal configured operation when configuration is complete, switch the factory default DIP switch
on the 245U-E to RUN and cycle power.
NOTE Security Certificates. Configuration of the 245U-E uses an encrypted link (https). The security
certificate used by the 245U-E is issued by ELPRO and matches the IP address 192.168.0.100.
When you first connect to the 245U-E, your Web browser will issue a warning that ELPRO is not a trusted
authority. Ignore this warning and proceed to the Configuration webpage. To avoid seeing this warning in the
future, you can install the certificate into your browser.
Internet Explorer 7 has an additional address check on security certificates. Unless the 245U-E has the
address 192.168.0.100, when you first connect to the 245U-E Internet Explorer 7 will issue a warning about
mismatched security certificate address. You can turn off this behavior in IE7 by selecting:
Tools > Internet Options > Advanced > Security > Warn about certificate address mismatch
Method 2 – Set 245U-E Network Address to Match the Local Network
For this method you will need to determine what IP address, gateway address, and netmask to assign to the
245U-E so that it appears on your network. Ask your system administrator if you do not know the correct settings
for your network. The default IP address of the 245U-E modem is 192.168.0.1, and the network you wish to
connect to is on 10.10.0.X (the PC is on 10.10.0.5).
Once you have determined the correct settings for your network, you need to connect to the modem’s
RS-232serial port using a straight-through serial cable and a terminal package (such as HyperTerminal) set to
115,200 baud, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity.
1. Open HyperTerminal and monitor communications.
2. Set the SETUP/RUN switch to the SETUP position, and connect power to the modem.
3. Observe HyperTerminal and when you see the ELPRO Dragon screen (see below) press Enter to get the
following prompt “#.”
4. Type the following “ifconfig” command to show the configuration of the Ethernet port. From this you will see
what the IP address is.
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Figure 26 Dragon
For example:
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:12:AF:FF:FF:FF
inet addr:192.168.0.1 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU: 1500 Metric: 1
RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:256
5. Temporarily change the IP address to one that will enable connection to your local network.
For example, type “ifconfig eth0 10.10.0.6 netmask 255.255.255.0.” Only add the netmask if the netmask is
anything other than the standard 255.255.255.0
6. Verify that the IP address is changed by typing “ifconfig” again.
Note that these changes are only temporary, and if the module is reset the IP address will return to the normal
default (192.168.0.XXX).
7. Open Internet Explorer and ensure that settings will allow you to connect to the IP address selected. If the PC
uses a proxy server, ensure that Internet Explorer will bypass the proxy server for local addresses.
This option may be modified by opening Tools -> Internet Options -> Connections Tab -> LAN Settings->Proxy
Server -> bypass proxy for local addresses.
8. Enter the IP address for the 245U-E into the Internet Explorer address bar.
For example, if you changed the temporary address in step 5 to “10.10.0.6,” you would enter http://10.10.0.6.
Enter the username “user” and default password “user”.
You should now be connected to the main index page on the modem.
9. Connect to the Network page and change the Ethernet interface and Wireless interface IP addresses to
10.10.0.6.
10. Switch the RUN/SETUP switch back to RUN and click Save Changes and Reset.
NOTE Because the modem can be setup in various ways (such as a bridge or router) this setup will
allow the modem to appear on the 10.10.0.X network. Any other configuration changes can be made
after this initial connection (see the following sections on configuration).
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3.3 Quick Start Configuration
The 245U-E has a Quick Start Configuration option that covers most important parameters that are needed to
get an initial connection. This is the first stage of the module configuration. For most applications, no further
configuration is required. For more advanced applications, additional parameters can be changed via the normal
Configuration pages after the Quick Start configuration has been saved.
Figure 27 Quick Start
Quick Start Configuration:
1. Select Quick Start from the Main Menu and select the following parameters:
• Operating Mode—Access Point or Client. Bridge operation is assumed. For router selection, go to the
Network page after Quick Start
• Default Gateway—This is the address that the device will use to forward messages to remote hosts that are
not connected to any of the local bridged networks (Ethernet or Wireless).
• IP Address / Subnet Mask—IP address and subnet mask for your application.
• System Address (ESSID)—The system address is a text string 1 to 31 characters long used to identify your
system.
• Radio Encryption—Radio encryption selection (None, WPA-PSK (TKIP), WPA-PSK (AES) or WPA2). Refer to
“3.7 Security Menu” if WEP or enterprise encryption is required.
• WPA Passphrase—128-bit encryption keys are internally generated based on the passphrase and system
address (ESSID). The passphrase must be between 8 and 63 characters long, and must be the same for all
245U-E units in the same system.
The default settings will be shown. If your system is connecting individual devices that are not connected to an
existing Ethernet LAN, you can use the factory default IP values. If you are connecting to an existing LAN, you
need to change the IP addresses to match your LAN addresses.
2. After configuring, click Save to Flash and Reset.
Radio Data Rate and Channel will be set to Auto, Radio Transmit Power will be set to maximum and any
previous configuration of unrelated parameters will not be modified and will still apply.
3.4 Network Configuration
You can view or modify Ethernet network parameters by selecting the Network menu. When prompted for the
username and password, enter “user” as the username, and “user” as the password. This is the factory default
setting. To change the default username and password, see “3.24 Module Information.” If you have forgotten the IP
address or password, the factory default switch may be used to access the existing configuration. Refer to previous
section for more information.
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Figure 28 Network
The Network Configuration page allows configuration of parameters related to the wired and wireless Ethernet
interfaces. In general, IP address selection will be dependent upon the connected wired Ethernet device(s). Before
connecting to an existing LAN consult the network administrator.
Default configuration of the module will be “Client” and “Bridge.” When in Bridged mode, the module’s wired and
wireless IP address will be the same, meaning only one IP address is required. If the device mode is changed to
“Router,” the page will display two IP addresses, one for Ethernet and one for wireless. For more information on
bridging networks see “3.18 Routing.”
If the module has been configured for VLAN, the page will show the device mode as “VLAN Bridge” and the
Ethernet IP and netmask will no longer be editable. See “3.23 VLAN” for details on VLAN configuration.
A system of 245U-Es must have at least one access point (configured as a master) and have one or more clients.
All 245U-Es must have the same system address (ESSID). For further information and examples on wireless
network topologies refer to “1.0 Network Topology.”
The 245U-E supports several different radio encryption schemes. If utilizing any form of encryption, all modules in
the system that communicate with each other will need the same encryption method and encryption keys.
The available encryption methods are as follows:
• WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) encryption is the weakest encryption method, defined by the original
IEEE802.11 standard and uses a 40-bit or 104-bit key with a 24-bit initialization vector to give a 64-bit and
128-bit WEP encryption level. WEP is not considered an effective security scheme, and should only be used
if it is necessary to inter-operate with other equipment which does not support more modern encryption
methods.
• WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is a subset of the IEEE802.11i Security Enhancements specification.
• WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) replaced WPA and provides significant security improvements over this
method. In particular, it introduces CCMP, a new AES-based encryption mode with strong security.
• WPA/WPA2-PSK (Legacy Support) enables the modem to communicate to all WPA methods including TKIP,
AES and WPA2 AES. Generally only used if the network has older devices that does not support the higher
level encryption methods. Enabling this option will lower the security level of the network down to the weakest
configured encryption level (WPA TKIP).
• WPA-Enterprise (802.1x) removes the need to manage the pre-shared key (PSK) by using an external server
to provide client authentication. Clients that are not authorized will be prevented from accessing the network.
Once a client has provided the correct authentication credentials, access is permitted and data encryption
keys are established, similar to WPA-PSK. Fine-grain (user level) access control can be achieved using this
method.
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An 802.1x capable RADIUS server may already be deployed in a large scale network environment. The 245U-E
can make use of this server reducing replication of user authentication information.
In a typical WPA-enterprise setup, the 245U-E access point acts as Authenticator, controlling access to the
network. Wireless clients (245U-Es, laptops or other devices) act as Supplicants, requesting access to the
network. The Authenticator communicates with an authentication (RADIUS) server on the Ethernet network to
verify Supplicant identity. When a Supplicant requests access, it sends an access request to the Authenticator,
which passes an authentication request to the external authentication server. When the user credentials of the
Supplicant are verified, the Authenticator enables network access for the Supplicant, data encryption keys are
established and network traffic can pass.
Configuration of WPA-enterprise differs when the unit is configured as an access point (Authenticator) or client
(Supplicant). If WDS interfaces are used, it is possible for one 245U-E to act as both an Authenticator and a
Supplicant, but in this situation only one set of user credentials can be entered for all Supplicants.
The 245U-E supports WPA-1 TKIP, WPA-1 AES and WPA-2 AES using a pre-shared key (PSK).
• WPA PSK (TKIP) (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) enhances WEP by using 128-bit encryption plus separate
64-bit TX and RX MIC (message integrity check) keys.
• WPA PSK (AES) (Advanced Encryption Standard) uses the more advanced CCMP encryption protocol and is
essentially a draft of the IEEE 802.11i wireless network standard. This is the recommended encryption method
in most applications.
• WPA2 AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is the most secure encryption method and is also based on
128-bit encryption key.
After changes are made to Network Configuration, it is important to save the configuration by clicking Save
Changes or by selecting Save Changes and Reset.
Network Settings Webpage Fields
Operating Mode Used to select Access Point (Infrastructure), Client (Infrastructure). By default this is
set to Client.
System Address
(ESSID)
Desired BSSID To force a client/station to always connect to the same access point, enter the MAC
Radio Encryption Select the desired radio encryption level. The encryption key, passphrase and other
Device Mode Used to select Bridge or Router mode. By default this is set to Bridge. If VLAN is
A 245U-E wireless network comprises modules with the same system address.
Only modules with the same system address will communicate with each other. The
system address is a text string 1 to 31 characters long. Select a text string which
identifies your system.
address of that access point in the Desired BSSID field. Note that the ESSID of the
access point must also match the configured ESSID of the client.
security information is entered on the Security menu. See “3.7 Security Menu” for
details.
enabled, the Device Mode will indicate “VLAN” and the IP address and netmask will
only be editable from the VLAN page.
Bridge STP Checking this box enables Spanning Tree Protocol in bridged networks.
See “3.5 Spanning Tree Algorithm” for details.
Obtain IP Address
Automatically
Selecting this option enables DHCP client on the 245U-E. A DHCP client requests
its IP address from a DHCP server which assigns the IP address automatically. For
more information, see “3.21 DHCP Server Configuration.” By default this option is
not selected.
30 www.cooperbussmann.com/wirelessresources
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