Cooper Bussmann BU-245U-E User Manual
Cooper Bussmann
BU-245U-E Wireless Ethernet & Device Server
User Manual
Version 1.6
3A1576Rev1.6
Read and
Retain
for Future
Reference
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Cooper Bussmann BU-245U-E Wireless Ethernet & Device Server User Manual
Cooper Bussmann Application Engineering
• Phone 8:00 a.m - 5:00 p.m. Central, M-F (636) 527-1270
• Fax: (636) 527-1607
• E-mail: FuseTech@cooperindustries.com
Thank you for your selection of the BU-245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem. We trust it will give you many years of valuable service.
ATTENTION!
Incorrect termination of supply wires may cause internal damage and will void warranty.
To ensure your BU-245U-E enjoys a long life.
Double check ALL your connections with the user manual before turning the power on.
CAUTION
To comply with FCC RF Exposure requirements in section 1.1310 of the FCC Rules, antennas used with this device must be installed to provide a
separation distance of at least 20 cm from all persons to satisfy RF exposure compliance.
DO NOT:
• Operate the transmitter when someone is within 20cm of the antenna
• Operate the transmitter unless all RF connectors are secure and any open connectors are properly terminated.
• Operate the equipment near electrical blasting caps or in an explosive atmosphere
All equipment must be properly grounded for safe operations. All equipment should be serviced only by a qualified technician.
FCC NOTICE:
This device complies with Part 15.247 of the FCC Rules.
Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
1. This device may not cause harmful interference and
2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
This device must be operated as supplied by Cooper Bussmann. Any changes or modifications made to the device without the written consent of
Cooper Bussmann may void the user’s authority to operate the device.
End user products that have this device embedded must be installed by experienced radio and antenna personnel, or supplied with non-standard
antenna connectors, and antennas available from vendors specified by Cooper Bussmann. Please contact Cooper Bussmann for end user antenna
and connector recommendations.
NOTICES: SAFETY
Exposure to RF energy is an important safety consideration. The FCC has adopted a safety standard for human exposure to radio frequency
electromagnetic energy emitted by FCC regulated equipment as a result of its actions in Docket 93-62 and OET Bulletin 65 Edition 97-01.
FCC NOTICE:
Part 15 – This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part15 of the FCC rules (Code
of Federal Regulations 47CFR Part 15). Operation is subject to the condition that this device does not cause harmful interference.
Notice – Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by Cooper Bussmann could void the user’s authority to operate this equipment.
THIS DEVICE SHOULD ONLY BE CONNECTED TO PCS THAT ARE COVERED BY EITHER FCC DOC OR ARE FCC CERTIFIED.
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Cooper Bussmann BU-245U-E Wireless Ethernet & Device Server User Manual
IMPORTANT NOTICE
Cooper Bussmann products are designed to be used in industrial environments, by experienced industrial engineering personnel with adequate
knowledge of safety design considerations.
Cooper Bussmann radio products are used on unprotected license-free radio bands with radio noise and interference. The products are designed
to operate in the presence of noise and interference, however in an extreme case, radio noise and interference could cause product operation
delays or operation failure. Like all industrial electronic products, Cooper Bussmann products can fail in a variety of modes due to misuse, age, or
malfunction. We recommend that users and designers design systems using design techniques intended to prevent personal injury or damage
during product operation, and provide failure tolerant systems to prevent personal injury or damage in the event of product failure. Designers must
warn users of the equipment or systems if adequate protection against failure has not been included in the system design. Designers must
include this Important Notice in operating procedures and system manuals.
These products should not be used in non-industrial applications, or life-support systems, without consulting Cooper Bussmann first.
1. A radio license is not required in some countries, provided the module is installed using the aerial and equipment configuration described in the
BU-245U-E Installation Guide. Check with your local distributor for further information on regulations.
2. Operation is authorized by the radio frequency regulatory authority in your country on a non-protection basis. Although all care is taken in the
design of these units, there is no responsibility taken for sources of external interference. Systems should be designed to be tolerant of these
operational delays.
3. To avoid the risk of electrocution, the aerial, aerial cable, serial cables and all terminals of the BU-245U-E module should be electrically
protected. To provide maximum surge and lightning protection, the module should be connected to a suitable earth and the aerial, aerial cable,
serial cables and the module should be installed as recommended in the Installation Guide.
4. To avoid accidents during maintenance or adjustment of remotely controlled equipment, all equipment should be first disconnected from the
BU-245U-E module during these adjustments. Equipment should carry clear markings to indicate remote or automatic operation. E.g., "This
equipment is remotely controlled and may start without warning. Isolate at the switchboard before attempting adjustments."
5. The BU-245U-E module is not suitable for use in explosive environments without additional protection.
6. The BU-245U-E Operates using the same Radio frequencies and communication protocols as commercially available off-the shelf equipment.
If your system is not adequately secured, third parties may be able to gain access to your data or gain control of your equipment via the radio
link. Before deploying a system make sure you have considered the security aspects of your installation carefully.
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Cooper Bussmann BU-245U-E Wireless Ethernet & Device Server User Manual
GNU FREE DOCUMENTATION LICENSE:
© 2009 Cooper Bussmann.
Cooper Bussmann is using a part of Free Software code under the GNU General Public License in operating the “BU-245U-E” product. This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation’s code and to any other program whose authors commit by using it. The
Free Software is copyrighted by Free Software Foundation, Inc. and the program is licensed “As is” without warranty of any kind. Users are free to
contact Cooper Bussmann at the following Email Address: fusetech@cooperindustries.com for instructions on how to obtain the source code used
in the “BU-245U-E.”
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License."
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Cooper Bussmann BU-245U-E Wireless Ethernet & Device Server User Manual
CONTENTS
3A1576Rev1.6
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
1.1 NETWORK TOPOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
1.2 GETTING STARTED QUICKLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
2.0 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
2.1 ANTENNA INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Dual Antenna Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Line-of-sight installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Installation tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Omni-directional antennas (dipole and collinear) . . . . . . . . .13
Yagi directional antennas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
2.2 POWER SUPPLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
2.3 SERIAL CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
RS232 Serial Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
DB9 Connector Pinouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
RS485 Serial Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
2.4 DISCRETE (DIGITAL) INPUT/OUTPUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
CHAPTER 3 OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
3.0 START-UP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
“Access Point” Start-up (BU-245U-E-G) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
“Access Point” Start-up (BU-245U-E-A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
“Client” Start-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Link Establishment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
How a Link connection is lost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Roaming Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
LED Indication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
3.1 SELECTING A CHANNEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
802.11b/g (2.4GHz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
802.11a (5GHz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
3.2 CONFIGURING THE UNIT FOR THE FIRST TIME . . . . . . . . .21
Default Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Accessing Configuration for the first time . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Method 1 - Set PC to same network as BU-245U-E . . . . . .22
Method 2 - Set BU-245U-E Network address to
match the local network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
3.3 QUICK START CONFIGURATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
3.4 NETWORK CONFIGURATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Network Settings Webpage Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
3.5 SECURITY MENU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Encryption Keys 1 to 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
WPA Enterprise - Supplicant Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
WPA Enterprise - Authenticator Configuration . . . . . . . . . . .28
3.6 NORMAL OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Transparent Bridge Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Router Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
3.7 RADIO CONFIGURATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Channel Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Radio Throughput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Throughput and Repeaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
3.8 ADVANCED RADIO CONFIGURATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
3.9 DHCP CLIENT CONFIGURATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
3.10 DHCP SERVER CONFIGURATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
3.11 DNS SERVER CONFIGURATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
3.12 SPANNING TREE ALGORITHM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
3.13 COMPATIBILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
3 Address (Layer 3 Bridge) & 4 Address Mode . . . . . . . . . .36
What Addresses are in a wireless Ethernet data frame? . . . .36
Packets between AP and Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
240U-E Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
3.14 MULTIPLE AP REPEATER MESH NETWORK . . . . . . . . . . .37
Example – Extending range using WDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Example - Roaming with WDS Access Points . . . . . . . . . . .40
Example – Adding Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Example – WDS Routed Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
WDS Connections: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
3.15 ROUTING RULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
3.16 WIRELESS MESSAGE FILTERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
MAC Address Filter Configuration: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
IP Address Filter Configuration: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
ARP Filter Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
3.17 SERIAL PORT CONFIGURATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
RS-232 PPP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Serial Gateway (Server/Client/Multicast) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Serial Gateway (Modbus - Modbus RTU to TCP) . . . . . . . . .50
Modbus TCP to RTU Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
3.18 SERIAL MENU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
3.19 MULTICAST PIPE MANAGER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
3.20 DIGITAL INPUT/OUTPUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
3.21 MODBUS I/O TRANSFER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
3.22 MODULE INFORMATION CONFIGURATION . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Module Information Webpage Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
3.23 SYSTEM TOOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
3.24 TCP THROUGHPUT TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
Internal Throughput Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
3.25 REMOTE CONFIGURATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
3.26 CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Setting a BU-245U-E to Factory Default Settings . . . . . . . . .61
Extending a wired network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
Access Point Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
Client 1 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
Client 2 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
Connecting two separate networks together . . . . . . . . . . . .63
LAN A Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
LAN B Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Access Point Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Client Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
Extending range of a network with a Repeater hop . . . . . . .64
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CHAPTER 4 DIAGNOSTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
4.0 DIAGNOSTICS CHART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
4.1 DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION AVAILABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
Site Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
4.2 CHANNEL SURVEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
4.3 CUSTOM SURVEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
4.4 STATISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
Network Traffic Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
4.5 INTERNAL DIAGNOSTICS MODBUS REGISTERS . . . . . . . . .71
Connection Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
4.6 TESTING RADIO PATHS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
4.7 UTILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
“Ping” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
”Ipconfig” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
“Arp” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
”Route” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
CHAPTER 5 SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
APPENDIX A FIRMWARE UPGRADE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
Web based Upgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
APPENDIX B GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80
APPENDIX C CHANNELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
802.11b/g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
802.11b/g Turbo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
802.11a – Maximum Radio Transmitter Power . . . . . . . . . .85
802.11a Turbo - Maximum Radio Transmitter Power . . . . . .85
APPENDIX D 802.11A & TX POWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86
dB to mWatt Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86
APPENDIX E EXTERNAL IPERF TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Iperf Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
JPerf Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
APPENDIX F GNU FREE DOC LICENSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
Version 2, June 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING,
DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
NO WARRANTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
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Cooper Bussmann BU-245U-E Wireless Ethernet & Device Server User Manual
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
The BU-245U-E Industrial 802.11 Wireless Ethernet module provide wireless connections between Ethernet devices and/or Ethernet wired
networks (LAN’s). They each comply with their relevant IEEE 802.11 standard.
The BU-245U-E is available in a range of different models with different RF power and frequency options suitable for your country’s local radio
regulations.
BU-245U-E-G
802.11 b/g 400mW max power
BU-245U-E-A 802.11 a 400mW max power
The above models have the same functionality but use a different radio to communicate. The different radios do not communicate with each other,
e.g. a BU-245U-E-G will not communicate with a BU-245U-E-A. Only modules of the same type are able to communicate wirelessly to each other.
Throughout this manual, any reference to “BU-245U-E” refers to one of the above models.
The BU-245U-E-G model uses a 2.4GHz Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) wireless transceiver. Users pick a 20MHz channel with 5MHz
channel spacing from the available 13 starting with the first channel centered on 2.412GHz. Some limitations depending on country see Appendix
C for channel selections.
Note that regulations in North America permit 11 x 2.4GHz channels and Europe permits 13 x 2.4GHz channels.
The BU-245U-E-A uses a 5GHz Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) wireless transceiver and users must select appropriate channel,
transmit power, etc allowable in that country.
Please check with your Cooper Bussmann representative for the permitted channel usage in your country.
See Appendix C for channels selections.
The BU-245U-E unit also provides two serial connections as well as the Ethernet connections. It is possible to use all three data connections concurrently, allowing the BU-245U-E to act as a Device Server. Wireless connections can be made between serial devices and Ethernet devices. The
BU-245U-E provides connection functionality between serial “Modbus RTU” devices and Ethernet “Modbus TCP” devices. Appropriate driver
applications will be required in the host devices to handle other protocols.
The BU-245U-E has a standard RJ45 Ethernet connection which will operate at up to 100Mbit/sec. The module will transmit the Ethernet
messages on the wireless band at rates between 1 and 54 Mbit/sec & 6 and 54 Mbit/sec depending on model, band, encryption methods and
radio paths.
1.1 Network Topology
The BU-245U-E is an Ethernet device, and must be configured as part
of an Ethernet network. Each BU-245U-E must be configured as an:
• “Access Point” or “Sta”, “Station”, ”Client”
• “Bridge” or “Router”
You can also connect to the BU-245U-E via a RS232 or RS485 serial
port using serial server or PPP (point-to-point) protocol. PPP allows
the BU-245U-E to connect serial communications into the Ethernet
network.
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Access Point vs. Client
The Access Point unit acts as the “wireless master” unit. The Access Point accepts and authorizes links initiated by client units, and controls the
wireless communications.
Clients (Stations) are slave units and when connected to the Access Point becomes transparent Ethernet link.
The first diagram shows a connection between two Ethernet devices using
BU-245U-E Ethernet modems. In this example one BU-245U-E is
configured as an Access Point and the other as a Client.
The second diagram shows an existing LAN being extended using
BU-245U-Es. In this example, the Access Point should be configured at
the LAN end - although the wireless link will still work if the Client is at
the LAN end.
An Access Point can connect to multiple Clients. In this case, the Access
Point should be the “central” unit.
An Access Point could be used as a “Repeater” unit to connect two
BU-245U-E Clients, which do not have direct reliable radio paths.
There is no “Special” repeater module, any BU-245U-E can be a repeater
and at the same time, can be connected to an Ethernet devices or on a
LAN
Multiple Access Points can be set-up in a
“mesh” network to provide multiple repeaters.
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Bridge vs. Router
Each BU-245U-E is configured with an IP address for the Ethernet side, and another for the wireless side.
A Bridge connects devices within the same Ethernet network - for
example, extending an existing Ethernet LAN. For a Bridge, the IP address
for the wireless side is the same as the Ethernet side.
A Router connects devices on different LAN’s.
The IP addresses for the Ethernet and wireless sides are different. In this
example, the wireless link is part of LAN A, with the Client unit acting as a
Router between LAN A and LAN B.
Alternately, the Access Point could be configured as a Router - the
wireless link is then part of LAN B.
If more than two routers are required within the same radio network, then
routing rules may need to be configured (refer section “3.13 Routing Rules” for further details). There is no limit to the number of Bridges in the
same network - although there is a limit of 128 Client units linked to any one Access Point.
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1.2 Getting Started Quickly
Most applications for the BU-245U-E require little configuration. The BU-245U-E has many sophisticated features, however if you don’t require
these features, this section will allow you to configure the units quickly.
First, read Chapter 2, “Installation.” The BU-245U-E requires an antenna and a power supply.
• Power the BU-245U-E and make an Ethernet connection to your PC (for further information on how to do this, refer to section 3.2 “ Configuring
the Unit for the first time”)
• Set the BU-245U-E address settings as per section 3.2 “ Configuring the Unit for the first time”
• Save the configuration - the BU-245U-E is now ready to use.
Before installing the BU-245U-E, bench test the system. It is a lot easier to locate problems when the equipment is all together.
There are other configuration settings, which may or may not improve the operation of the system. For details on these settings, refer to section
3.0 “Start-up.”
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CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION
2.0 General
The BU-245U-E modules are housed in a rugged aluminum case, suitable for DIN-rail mounting. Terminals will accept wires up to 2.5 mm
2
(12 gauge) in size.
All connections to the module must be SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage). Normal 110-250V mains supply must not be
connected to any terminal of the BU-245U-E module. Refer to Section 2.3 Power Supply.
Before installing a new system, it is preferable to bench test the complete system. Configuration problems are easier to recognize when the
system units are adjacent. Following installation, the most common problem is poor communications caused by incorrectly installed antennas, or
radio interference on the same channel, or the radio path being inadequate. If the radio path is a problem (i.e., path too long, or obstructed), a
higher performance antennas or a higher mounting point for the antenna may rectify the problem. Alternately, use an intermediate BU-245U-E
Module as a repeater.
The BU-245U-E Installation Guide provides an installation drawing appropriate to most applications. Further information is detailed below.
Each BU-245U-E module should be effectively earthed via the "GND" terminal on the back of the module - this is to ensure that the surge
protection circuits inside are effective.
2.1 Antenna Installation
The BU-245U-E module will operate reliably over large distances however the achievable distances will vary with the application, radio model, type
and location of antennas, the degree of radio interference, and obstructions (such as buildings or trees) to the radio path.
The maximum range achievable depends on the radio model, the regulated RF power permitted in your country, and whether you use separate
transmit and receive antennas.
If using a BU-245U-E-G (2.4GHz) with a single antenna, 10 km (6 miles) can be achieved in USA, Canada and Australia (4W EIRP) and 2km in
Europe (100mW EIRP).
If using a BU-245U-E-A (5GHz) with a single antenna, 5 km (3 miles) can be achieved in USA, Canada and Australia (1W EIRP) and 3km in Europe
(500mW EIRP) however more care is needed in selecting antennas, coax as well as radio paths need to be complete line of site (No obstruction
what so ever).
To achieve the maximum transmission distance, the antennas should be raised above intermediate obstructions so the radio path is true “line of
sight.” The modules will operate reliably with some obstruction of the radio path, although the reliable distance will be reduced. Obstructions
which are close to either antenna will have more of a blocking affect than obstructions in the middle of the radio path.
The BU-245U-E modules provide a diagnostic feature which displays the radio signal strength of transmissions (refer Chapter 4 “Diagnostics”).
Line-of-sight paths are only necessary to obtain the maximum range. Obstructions will reduce the range, however may not prevent a reliable path.
A larger amount of obstruction can be tolerated for shorter distances. For short distances, it is possible to mount the antennas inside buildings. An
obstructed path requires testing to determine if the path will be reliable - refer the section 6 of this manual.
Where it is not possible to achieve reliable communications between two BU-245U-E modules, then a third BU-245U-E module may be used to
receive the message and re-transmit it. This module is referred to as a repeater. This module may also have a host device connected to it.
The BU-245U-E unit has two antenna connections at the top of the module, allowing for two antennas to be fitted to the module. The left
connector (looking at the front) labeled “RX” by default is connected only to the internal wireless receiver and the right connector labeled TX/RX is
connected to both the transmitter and receiver (**Note).
NOTE: Each antenna port has the option to enable /disable the Receive and Transmit functionality by selecting Receive and
Transmit Diversity on the radio page. When only one antenna is used, it must be connected to the TX/RX connector.
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Dual Antenna Installations
Most installations in industrial plants and factories use single omni-directional antennas. Installations can suffer from “
multi-path fading” effects where multiple reflected radio signals adversely affect the signal strength. This can be checked by moving the antenna a
short distance (10 cm or 4 inches) - if the signal increases significantly then there are multi-path effects.
In a “static” installation, where the radio path is not changing, moving an antenna to the position of maximum signal solves this problem. However
where the radio path changes because the BU-245U-E is mounted on moving equipment, or if there is moving equipment in the area, then the
solution is to use two antennas. Because the two connectors are separated, the RF signal at each connector will be different in the presence of
multi-path fading. The BU-245U-E unit will automatically select the higher RF signal provided RX diversity has been enabled on radio config page.
Note that directional antennas are not normally used in plant and factory installations.
Another reason for using dual antenna is to improve the receiver gain. All countries have a limit on the amount of transmitted power (from the
module) and radiated power (from the antenna). In the US this is 1 Watt Transmit power and 4 watts EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power)
A general rule of thumb when working with dB and Power is to remember that doubling the Power is a 3dB gain.
Therefore if we add a 6dB gain antenna to the 1 Watt transmitter we can boost the EIRP to 4 Watts (1 watt
Line-of-Sight Installations
In longer line-of-sight installations, the range may be increased by using a high gain antenna on the TX/RX connector. However, the gain should
not cause the effective radiated power (ERP) to exceed the permitted value. A second higher gain antenna can be connected to the RX connector
without affecting ERP - this will increase the operating range provided any interference in the direction of the link is low.
Antennas
Antennas can be either connected directly to the module connectors or connected via 50 ohm coaxial cable (e.g. RG58 Cellfoil or RG213)
terminated with a male SMA coaxial connector. The higher the antenna is mounted, the greater the transmission range will be, however as the
length of coaxial cable increases so do cable losses.
The net gain of an antenna/cable configuration is the gain of the antenna (in dBi) less the loss in the coaxial cable (in dB). The maximum net gain
of the antenna/cable configuration connected to the TX/RX connector is 0dB in Europe (100mW ERP). In USA, Canada and Australia (4W ERP), the
maximum gain is 10dB for the BU-245U-E-400 or 16dB for the BU-245U-E-100.
There is no gain restriction for antennas connected to the RX connector.
(*) 20dB attenuator must be fitted if radio distance is less than 33ft (10m).
Antenna
BU-245U-E-G Gain (dBi) BU-245U-E-A Gain (dBi)
Dipole 2 dBi 6 dBi
Collinear 5 or 10 dBi 10 dBi
Directional 18 dBi 10 – 20 dBi
Cable Loss dB per 30 m / 100 ft dB per 30 m / 100 ft
RG58 Cellfoil -17 dB -24.5 dB
RG213 -16.2 dB -28.6 dB
LDF4-50 -3.6 dB -5.5 dB
The net gain of the antenna/cable configuration is determined by adding the antenna gain and the cable loss.
For example, if using the BU-245U-E-G a 10dBi antenna (7.8dBd) with 10 meters of Cellfoil (-5.6dB) has a net gain of 2.2dB (7.8dB – 5.6dB).
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Installation tips
Connections between the antenna and coaxial cable should be carefully
taped to prevent ingress of moisture. Moisture ingress in the coaxial cable
is a common cause for problems with radio systems, as it greatly increases
the radio losses. We recommend that the connection be taped, firstly with
a layer of PVC Tape, then with a vulcanizing tape such as “3M 23 tape”,
and finally with another layer of PVC UV Stabilized insulating tape. The first
layer of tape allows the joint to be easily inspected when trouble shooting
as the vulcanizing seal can be easily removed.
Where antennas are mounted on elevated masts, the masts should be
effectively earthed to avoid lightning surges. For high lightning risk areas,
surge suppression devices between the module and the antenna are
recommended. If the antenna is not already shielded from lightning strike
by an adjacent earthed structure, a lightning rod may be installed above
the antenna to provide shielding.
Omni-directional Antennas
An omni-directional antenna transmits the same
amount of radio power in all directions - as such that
are easy to install and use. The dipole antenna with
integral 15 ft (5m) cable does not require any
additional coaxial cable; however a cable must be used
with the collinear antennas.
Omni-directional antennas should be mounted
vertically, preferably 1 wavelength away (see drawing
below for distances) from a wall or mast and at least
3ft (1m) from the radio module to obtain maximum
range.
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Directional Antennas.
Directional antennas can be a:
• Yagi antenna with a main beam and orthogonal elements, or
• Directional radome, which is cylindrical in shape, or
• Parabolic antenna.
A directional antenna provides high gain in the forward direction, but lower
gain in other directions. This may be used to compensate for coaxial cable
loss for installations with marginal radio path.
Yagi antennas should be installed with the main beam horizontal, pointing
in the forward direction. If the Yagi is transmitting to a vertically mounted
omni-directional antenna, then the Yagi elements should be vertical. If the
Yagi is transmitting to another Yagi, then the elements at each end of the
wireless link need to in the same plane (horizontal or vertical).
Directional radomes should be installed with the central beam horizontal
and must be pointed exactly in the direction of transmission to benefit from
the gain of the antenna. Parabolic antennas should be mounted as per the
manufacturer’s instructions, with the parabolic grid at the “back” and the
radiating element pointing in the direction of the transmission.
Ensure that the antenna mounting bracket is well connected to
“ground/earth.”
2.2 Power Supply
The BU-245U-E module can be powered from a 9 - 30Vdc power supply.
The power supply should be rated at 1 Amp. The positive side of the
supply must not be connected to earth. The supply negative is connected
to the unit case internally. The DC supply may be a floating supply or
negatively grounded.
The power requirements of the BU-245U-E unit are shown in the
following table.
BU-245U-E-G BU-245U-E-A
12Vdc 24Vdc 12Vdc 24Vdc
Quiescent 290mA 150mA 300mA 160mA
TX @100mW 310mA 170mA 370mA 190mA
TX @ 400mW 340mA 180mA 410mA 210mA
A Ground Terminal is provided on the back of the module. This Terminal should be connected to the Main Ground point of the installation in order
to provide efficient surge protection for the module (refer to the Installation Diagram).
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2.3 Serial Connections
RS232 Serial Port
The serial port is a 9 pin DB9 female and provides for connection to a
host device as well as a PC terminal for configuration, field testing
and for factory testing. Communication is via standard RS232 signals.
The BU-245U-E is configured as DCE equipment with the pinouts
detailed below.
Hardware handshaking using the CTS/RTS lines is provided. The
CTS/RTS lines may be used to reflect the status of the local unit’s
input buffer. The BU-245U-E does not support XON/XOFF.
Example cable drawings for connection to a DTE host (a PC) or
another DCE hosts (or modem) are detailed above.
DB9 Connector Pinouts
Pin Name Direction Function
1 DCD Out Data carrier detect
2 RD Out Transmit Data – Serial Data Output (from DCE to DTE)
3 TD In Receive Data – Serial Data Input (from DTE to DCE)
4 DTR In Data Terminal Ready
5 SG - - Signal Ground
6 DSR Out Data Set Ready - always high when unit is powered on.
7 RTS In Request to Send
8 CTS Out Clear to send
9 RI - - Ring indicator
RS485 Serial Port
The RS485 port provides for communication between the BU-245U-E unit and its host device using a multi-drop cable. Up to 32 devices may be
connected in each multi-drop network.
As the RS485 communication medium is shared, only one of the units on the RS485 cable may send data at any one time. Thus, communication
protocols based on the RS-485 standard require some type of arbitration.
RS485 is a balanced, differential standard but it is recommended that shielded, twisted pair cable be used to interconnect modules to reduce
potential RFI. It is important to maintain the polarity of the two RS485 wires. An RS485 network should be wired as indicated in the diagram below
and terminated at each end of the network with a 120-ohm resistor. On-board 120-ohm resistors are provided and may be engaged by operating
the single DIP switch in the end plate next to the RS485 terminals. The DIP switch should be in the “1” or “ON” position to connect the resistor. If
the module is not at one end of the RS485 cable, the switch should be OFF.
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Shorter runs of 485 cable may not require the termination resistors to be enabled.
2.4 Discrete (Digital) Input/Output
The BU-245U-E has one on-board discrete/digital I/O channel. This channel can act as either a discrete input or discrete output. It can be
monitored, or set remotely, or alternatively used to output a communications alarm status.
If used as an “input”, the I/O channel is suitable for voltage free contacts (such as mechanical switches) or NPN transistor devices (such as
electronic proximity switches). PNP transistor devices are not suitable. Contact wetting current of approximately 5mA is provided to maintain
reliable operation of driving relays.
The digital input is connected between the "DIO" terminal and common “COM.” The I/O circuit includes a LED indicator which is lit GREEN when
the digital input is active, that is, when the input circuit is closed. Provided the resistance of the switching device is less than 200 ohms, the
device will be able to activate the digital input.
The I/O channel may also be used as a discrete output. The digital outputs are transistor switched DC signals, FET output to common rated at
30Vdc 500mA.
The output circuit is connected to the "DIO" terminal. The digital output circuit includes a LED indicator which is lit RED when the
digital output is active.
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CHAPTER 3 OPERATION
3.0 Start-up
“Access Point” Start-up (BU-245U-E-G)
When an Access Point (AP) unit starts up it checks to see if the Channel selection is set to “Auto” and if so will scan all available channels, pick
the quietest then begin transmitting periodic messages, called beacons, if it is configured with a fixed channel it will immediately begins sending
beacons, on the configured channel.
Beacons include information that a Client may examine in order to identify if the Access Point is suitable for link establishment. Clients will only
attempt to establish a link with an Access Point whose beacon indicates a matching SSID. Access Points do not initiate link establishment.
“Access Point” Start-up (BU-245U-E-A)
If the modem is configured to use “DFS” then it will behave slightly different, as it needs to comply with DFS regulations.
When an Access Point starts up it will scan all available channels from the selected groups and then select the quietest similar to the
BU-245U-E-G. It will then go into a scan mode for 60 seconds where it listens for any Radar signals.
If a radar signal is detected it will flag the channel as being unavailable (Channel will stay unavailable for 30 minutes) and then pick another
random channel and go through the same scanning process until a radar free channel be comes available.
“Client” Start-up
When a Client powers up, it scans for beacons from Access Points. While a link is not established, the Client cyclically scans all available channels
for a suitable Access Point. The Client will attempt to establish a link with an Access Point only if it has matching SSID, Encryption method, etc.
and other compatible capabilities as indicated by the beacon. If more than one suitable Access Point is discovered, the client will attempt to
establish a link with the Access Point that has the strongest radio signal.
Link Establishment
Once a Client identifies a suitable Access Point for link establishment it attempts to establish a link using a two step process – “Authentication”
and “Association.” During Authentication the Client and Access Point check if their configurations permit them to establish a link. Once the Client
has been authenticated, it will then request an Association to establish a link.
Status of the wireless link is indicated via the TX/LINK LED. For an Access Point, the TX/LINK LED will be OFF while no links have been established. Once one or more links have been established, the TX/LINK LED is on GREEN. For a Client, the Link LED will reflect the connection status
to an Access Point. Link status is also displayed on the “Connectivity” page of the web interface.
After the link is established, data may be transferred in both directions. The Access Point will act as a master-unit and will control the flow of data
to the Clients linked to it. Clients can only transmit data to the AP to which they are connected. When a Client transfers data to another Client, it
first transmits the data to the AP, which then forwards the data to the destined Client.
Presence of a “link” does not mean that the connected unit is authorized to communicate over radio. If the encryption
keys are incorrect between units in the same system, or a dissimilar encryption scheme is configured, the LINK led will
light, however data cannot be passed over the wireless network.
A maximum of 127 Clients may be linked to an Access Point.
How a Link Connection is Lost
The Access Point refreshes the link status with a Client every time a message is received from that Client. If nothing is received from a Client for a
period of 120 seconds, the Access Point sends a “link-check” message. If there is no response to the link-check a De-authenticate message is
sent and the link is dropped.
A Client monitors beacon messages from an Access Point to determine whether the link is still present. If the Client can no longer receive beacons
from the Access Point it assumes the AP is out-of-range and the link is dropped. Whenever a Client is not connected to an AP, it will cyclically
scan all available channels for a suitable AP.
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Roaming Clients
Clients can roam within a system however if the link to the Access Point fails or the radio signal level becomes too weak it will scan for beacons
and connect to an Access Point (provided the SSID and any Encryption methods, keys, etc are compatible). If there are multiple Access Points it
will select the connection with the best signal level. This functionality permits a client to have mobility whilst maintaining a link with the most
suitable AP.
LED Indication
The following table details the status of the indicating LEDs on the front panel under normal operating conditions.
LED Indicator
Condition Meaning
OK GREEN Normal Operation
OK Flashing RED / GREEN Module Boot Sequence
Radio RX GREEN flash Radio receiving data (Good Signal Strength)
Radio RX RED flash Radio receiving data (Low Signal strength)
TX/LINK GREEN Radio Connection Established
TX/LINK RED Flash Radio Transmitting
RS-232 GREEN flash Data sent from RS-232 Serial Port
RS-232 RED flash Data received to RS-232 Serial Port
LAN ON Link Established on Ethernet port
LAN Flash Activity on Ethernet port
RS-485 GREEN flash Data sent from RS-485 Serial Port
RS-485 RED flash Data received to RS-485 Serial Port
DIO GREEN Digital Input is grounded
DIO RED Digital Output is active
DIO Off Digital Output OFF and Input is open circuit
The Ethernet RJ45 port incorporates two indication LEDs. The LINK LED comes on when there is a connection on the Ethernet port, and will blink
off briefly when activity is detected on the Ethernet Port. The 100MB LED indicates that the connection is at 100 MBit/Sec. The 100MB LED will
be off for 10MB/Sec connection.
Other conditions indicating a fault are described in Chapter Four - DIAGNOSTICS.
3.1 Selecting a Channel
802.11b/g (2.4GHz)
The BU-245U-E-G conforms to the IEEE 802.11b/g Wireless LAN specification. The BU-245U-E-G supports 13 x 20MHz, 12 x 10MHz and 13 x
5MHz radio channels in the 2412MHz to 2482MHz frequency range. Channels are country or region specific. Please check your local regulatory
body for compliance and channel selection.
You can see from the diagram below there are a limited number of channels available in the 2.4GHz frequency range. Care must be taken when
selecting an operating channel as some of the channels overlap.
The 20M channels have a separation of 5MHz which means there is some overlap into
the next channel, i.e., channel 1 will overlap into channel 2, 3 and 4; channel 6 will
overlap into channels 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9. If complete separation is required then you can
use channels 1, 6 and 11 without any interference between the channels.
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The 10M channels are also separated by 5MHz and overlap the adjacent channels by 5MHz forward and backward, i.e., Channel 41 will overlap
with channel 42; channel 46 will overlap with channel 45 and 47.
Lastly the 5MHz channels are separated by 5MHz and do not overlap at all so you can operate all 13 channels at the same time with minimal
interference with the adjacent channel.
Only one of these channels is used at a time and is configured at the Access Point, The Access Point then uses this channel to send out beacon
transmissions and connections.
Clients scan all channels for a suitable Access Point and then adopt the same channel as the AP when a connection is established.
The following diagram shows the RF energy distribution for the 802.11b/g transmission:
On the 20MHz channel (Green) most of the energy is transmitted within the channel however some of the energy is transmitted on the channels
either side therefore causing interference on the these channels. The 10MHz channels (Orange) are similar with half of the energy overlapping into
the next channel however you can configure up to 6 x non interfering channel at the one time. Lastly the 5MHz channels (Blue) do not overlap and
so all 13 channels can be used at the same time.
There is also a single 40MHz Channel (Purple) which takes up over half of the full 2.4GHz band and so it much more susceptible to interference
from other channels.
If there is more than one 802.11 AP within the same wireless range, then it is important that the APs are on channels as far apart as possible.
If there are two 20MHz channel APs, then set them to channel 1 and 11. If there are three, set them to 1, 6, and 11.
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802.11a (5GHz)
The BU-245U-E-A utilizes frequency bands within the range of 5.15GHz and 5.825GHz. This is broken into 4 distinct U-NII bands and each region
(EU, US, AUS, NZ, etc) have their own power and operational constraints, see Appendix C for more details.
The example below shows the US power and operational constraints
“Group 1”: 5.15-5.25GHz @ 50mW
“Group 2”: 5.25-5.35GHz @ 250mW to 1 Watt
“Group 3”: 5.47-5.725GHz @ 250mW to 1 Watt
“Group 4”: 5.725-5.825GHz @ 1Watt
Each frequency band has certain limitations on the amount of radiated power that it can output as well as whether the band uses what is called
“Dynamic Frequency Selection” (DFS), explained below.
Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS)
Because of the push within the 802.11a market to open up new spectrum for unlicensed radio a mechanism called “Dynamic Frequency
Selection” needed to be developed so that the 802.11 Wi-Fi could coexist with existing military and telecommunication radar systems.
Access points with 5GHz radios comply with regulations that require radio devices to use Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS), which can detect
radar signals and avoid interfering with them by automatically scanning and then selecting another channel or band.
When DFS is enabled, the Access Point (master device) goes through the following steps:
1. The master device that initiates communications selects a channel and monitors that channel for potential radar interference for a minimum
listening time of 60sec (channel availability check time). No transmissions can occur during this period.
2. If interference is detected then the system has to go and select another channel and repeat the channel availability check on the new channel
(the original channel is added to a list of channels with radar).
3. Once a channel has been selected and passes the channel availability check the network starts to use that channel.
4. While using the channel the network’s master device continuously monitors for potential interference from a radar source (this is referred to as
“in-service monitoring”). If interference is detected then the network master device issues commands to all other in-network devices to cease
transmissions. The channel is added to the list of channels with radar.
5. The master device then selects a new channel (one that is not on the radar list).
6. A channel that has been flagged as containing a radar signal, either by a channel availability check or by in-service monitoring, is subject to a
30 min non-occupancy period where it cannot be used by the device in order to protect scanning radars. The channel on the radar list will be
purged once the non-occupancy period has elapsed for that channel.
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3.2 Configuring the Unit for the First Time
The BU-245U-E has a built-in web server, containing web pages for analyzing and modifying the module’s configuration. The configuration can be
accessed using Microsoft®Internet Explorer version 7 or greater. This program is shipped with Microsoft Windows or may be obtained freely via
the Microsoft® website. If using other browsers they must be fully compliant with IE7 SSL security.
NOTE: Microsoft Internet Explorer Version 6 will not load web pages due to a compatibility issue between IE6 and
SSL-security web sites.
Default Configuration
The default factory configuration of the BU-245U-E is:
• Client/Bridge/
• IP address192.168.0.1XX, where XX is the last two digits of the serial number (the default IP address is shown on the printed label on the back
of the module)
• netmask 255.255.255.0
• Username is “user” and the default password is “user”
The BU-245U-E will temporarily load some factory-default settings if powered up with the Factory Default switch (on the end-plate of the module)
in SETUP position. When in SETUP mode, wireless operation is disabled. The previous configuration remains stored in non-volatile memory and will
only change if a configuration parameter is modified and the change saved.
Do not forget to set the switch back to the RUN position and cycle power at the conclusion of configuration for
resumption of normal operation.
Accessing Configuration for the First Time
Because the Default IP address is in the range 192.168.0.XXX it may not connect to you network or PC so there are two methods for accessing
the configuration for the first time.
Method 1 - Change your computer settings so that the configuring PC is on the same network as the BU-245U-E with factory default settings.
This is the preferred method and is much less complicated than the second method. You will need a “straight-through” Ethernet cable between
the PC Ethernet port and the BU-245U-E. The factory default Ethernet address for the BU-245U-E is 192.168.0.1XX where XX are the last two
digits of the serial number (check the label on the back of the module).
Method 2 - Requires temporarily changing the IP address in the BU-245U-E via an RS232 connection such that it is accessible on your network
without having to change your PC network settings. When connected you can change the modem network settings to match that of your network.
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Method 1 - Set PC to same network as BU-245U-E
Connect the Ethernet cable between unit and the PC configuring the module.
• Set the Factory Default Switch to the SETUP position. This will always start the BU-245U-E with
Ethernet IP address 192.168.0.1XX, subnet mask 255.255.255.0, gateway IP 192.168.0.1 and
the radio disabled. Do not forget to set the switch back to the RUN position and restart the
module at the conclusion of configuration for resumption of normal operation.
• Power up the BU-245U-E module.
• Open “Network Settings” on your PC under Control Panel. The following description is for
Windows XP - earlier Windows operating systems have similar settings.
• Open “Properties” of Local Area Connection.
• Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click on Properties.
• On the General tab enter IP address 192.168.0.1, Subnet mask 255.255.255.0 and press “OK”
• Open Internet Explorer and ensure that settings will allow you to connect to the IP address
selected. If the PC uses a proxy server, ensure that Internet Explorer will bypass the Proxy
Server for local addresses.
• This option may be modified by opening Tools -> Internet Options -> Connections Tab -> LAN
Settings->Proxy Server -> bypass proxy for local addresses.
• Enter the default IP address for the BU-245U-E https://192.168.0.1XX where XX is the last two
digits of the serial number.
Enter the username “user” and default password “user.”
Figure 1 – Welcome Webpage
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To resume normal configured operation when Configuration is complete, switch Factory Default dip-switch on the BU-245U-E to RUN
and cycle power.
Note: Security Certificates. Configuration of the BU-245U-E uses an encrypted link (https). The security certificate used by the BU-245U-E is
issued by Cooper Bussmann and matches the IP address 192.168.0.100.
When you first connect to the BU-245U-E, your web browser will issue a warning that Cooper Bussmann is not a trusted authority. Ignore this
warning and proceed to the configuration web page. To avoid seeing this warning in future, you can install the certificate into your browser.
Internet Explorer 7 has an additional address check on security certificates. Unless the BU-245U-E has the address 192.168.0.100, when you
first connect to the BU-245U-E, Internet Explorer 7 will issue a warning about mismatched security certificate address. You can turn off this
behavior in IE7 by selecting
“Tools > Internet Options > Advanced > Security > Warn about certificate address mismatch*”
Method 2 - Set BU-245U-E Network address to match the local network
For this method you will need to determine what IP address, Gateway address, and netmask to assign to the BU-245U-E so that it appears on
your network. Ask your system administrator if you don’t know the correct settings for your network. E.g.
The default IP address of the BU-245U-E modem is 192.168.0.1 and the network you wish to connect to is on 10.10.0.X (PC is on 10.10.0.5)
Once you have determined the correct settings for your network, you need to connect to the modem’s RS-232 serial port using a straight through
serial cable and a terminal package such as HyperTerminal set to 115,200 baud. 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no Parity.
• Open HyperTerminal and monitor communications
• Set the SETUP/RUN switch to the SETUP position, and connect power to the modem.
• Observe HyperTerminal and when you see the Dragon screen (see below) press <Enter> to get the following prompt “#”
• Type the following “ifconfig” and it will show the configuration of the Ethernet port and from this you will be able to see what the
IP address is, e.g.,
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:12:AF:FF:FF:FF
inet addr:192.168.0.1 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU: 1500 Metric: 1
RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:256
• Temporarily change the IP address to something that will enable connection to your local network. E.g type “ifconfig eth0 10.10.0.6 netmask
255.255.255.0” only add the netmask if the netmask is anything other than the standard 255.255.255.0
• IP address should now be changed and you can check by typing “ifconfig” again. Note these changes are only temporary and if the module is
reset they will go back to the normal default (192.168.0.XXX).
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• Open Internet Explorer and ensure that settings will allow you to connect to the IP address selected. If the PC uses a proxy server, ensure that
Internet Explorer will bypass the Proxy Server for local addresses. This option may be modified by opening Tools -> Internet Options ->
Connections Tab -> LAN Settings->Proxy Server -> bypass proxy for local addresses.
• Enter the IP address for the BU-245U-E into the Internet Explorer Address bar e.g. http://10.10.0.6 which is the IP address you temporarily
configured with the ifconfig command.
• Enter the username “user” and default password “user.”
• You should now be connected to the main index page on the modem as per figure 1 above.
• From here connect to the Network page and change the Ethernet Interface and Wireless Interface IP addresses to 10.10.0.6. Switch the
RUN/SETUP switch back to RUN and press “Save Changes and Reset” button.
Note: As the modem can be setup numerous ways, e.g. Bridge, Router, etc this setup will allow the modem to appear on the 10.10.0.X network.
Any other configuration changes can be done after this initial connection (see the following sections on configuration)
3.3 Quick Start Configuration
The BU-245U-E has a Quick Start Configuration option, which will
cover most important parameters that are needed to get an initial
connection. This is the first stage of the module configuration. For
most applications, no further configuration is required. For more
advanced applications, the other parameters can be changed via the
normal configuration pages after the Quick Start configuration has
been saved.
Select “Quick Start” from the Main Menu and then you need to select
the following parameters:
Quick Start Configuration
Operating Mode Access Point or Client. Bridge operation is assumed - for Router selection, go to the Network page
after Quick Start
Default Gateway This is the address that the device will use to forward messages to remote hosts that are not
connected to any of the local bridged network (Ethernet or Wireless)
IP Address / Subnet Mask IP Address and Subnet Mask for your application.
System Address (ESSID) The system address is a text string 1 to 31 characters in length used to identifies your system
Radio Encryption Radio encryption selection - None, WPA-PSK (TKIP), WPA-PSK (AES) or WPA2 –
refer to section 3.5 “Security Menu” if WEP or Enterprise encryption is required.
WPA Passphrase 128bit Encryption keys are internally generated based on the Passphrase and System Address (ESSID).
The Passphrase must be between 8 and 63 characters in length, and must be the same for all
BU-245U-E units in the same system.
The default settings will be shown. If your system is connecting individual devices which are not connected to an existing Ethernet LAN, then you
can use the factory default IP values. If you are connecting to an existing LAN, then you need to change the IP addresses to match your LAN
addresses.
After configuring, select “Save to Flash and Reset.”
Radio Data Rate and Channel will be set to Auto, Radio Transmit Power will be set to maximum and any previous configuration of unrelated
parameters will not be modified, and will still apply.
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3.4 Network Configuration
You can view or modify Ethernet network parameters by selecting the “Network” menu. When prompted for username and password, enter “user”
as the username, and “user” as the password in the password field (This is the factory default – See section 3.21 “Module Information
Configuration” to change). If you have forgotten the IP address or password, the Factory Default switch may be used to access the existing
configuration. Refer to previous section above for this procedure.
The Network Configuration page allows configuration of parameters related to the wired and wireless Ethernet interfaces. In general, IP
address selection will be dependent upon the connected wired Ethernet device(s) – before connecting to an existing LAN consult the
network administrator.
A system of BU-245U-Es must have at least one Access Point configured as a master with one or more Clients. All BU-245U-Es should be given
the same System Address (ESSID) and Radio Encryption settings. For further information and examples on wireless network topologies refer
section 1.1 “Network Topology” above.
The BU-245U-E supports several different radio encryption schemes. If utilizing any form of encryption, all modules in the system that
communicate with each other will need the same encryption method and encryption keys.
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) encryption is the weakest encryption method, defined by the original IEEE802.11 standard and uses a 40bit or
104bit key with a 24bit initialization vector to give a 64bit and 128bit WEP encryption level. WEP is not considered an effective security scheme,
and should only be used if it is necessary to interoperate with other equipment which does not support more modern encryption methods.
WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is a subset of the IEEE802.11i Security Enhancements specification.
The BU-245U-E supports WPA-1 TKIP and WPA-2 AES using a Pre-Shared Key (PSK).
• TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) enhances WEP by using 128-bit encryption plus separate 64bit Tx and Rx MIC (Message Integrity Check)
keys.
• AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), the most secure encryption method, is also based on 128-bit encryption key and is the recommended
encryption method in most applications.
WPA-Enterprise (802.1x) removes the need to manage the Pre-shared Key (PSK) by using an external server to provide client authentication.
Clients that are not authorized will be prevented from accessing the network. Once a client has provided the correct authentication credentials,
access is permitted and data encryption keys are established, similar to WPA-PSK. Fine-grain (user level) access control can be achieved using
this method.
An 802.1x capable RADIUS server may already be deployed in a large scale network environment. The BU-245U-E can make use of this server
reducing replication of user authentication information.
In a typical WPA-enterprise setup, the BU-245U-E Access point acts as Authenticator, controlling access to the network. Wireless clients
(BU-245U-Es, Laptops or other devices) act as Supplicants, requesting access to the network. The Authenticator communicates with an
authentication (RADIUS) server on the Ethernet network to verify Supplicant identity. When a Supplicant requests access, it sends an access
request to the Authenticator, which passes an authentication request to the external authentication server. When the user credentials of the
Supplicant are verified, the Authenticator enables network access for the Supplicant, data encryption keys are established and network traffic can
pass.
Configuration of WPA-Enterprise differs when the unit is configured as an Access point (Authenticator) or Client (Supplicant). If WDS interfaces are
used, it is possible for one BU-245U-E to act as both an Authenticator and a Supplicant, however in this situation, only one set of user credentials
can be entered for all Supplicants.
After changes are made to Network Configuration, it is important to save the configuration by selecting “Save Changes” or by selecting “Save
Changes and Reset.”
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Network Settings Webpage Fields
Operating Mode Used to select Access Point (Infrastructure), Client (Infrastructure).
By default this is set to Client.
Device Mode Used to select Bridge or Router mode.
By default this is set to Bridge.
Bridge STP Checking this box enables Spanning Tree protocol in bridged networks.
See to section 3.11 “Spanning Tree Algorithm”” for more details
Bridge Priority This is the priority associated with the Spanning tree protocol. Use lower numbers to move this
station towards the root of the Spanning Tree, and use higher number here to move the station
towards the leaves of the tree.
Default Gateway This is the address that the device will use to forward messages to remote hosts that are not
connected to any of the local bridged network (Ethernet or Wireless). This is only required if the
wired LAN has a Gateway unit which connects to devices beyond the LAN - for example,
Internet access. If there is no Gateway on the LAN, set to the same address as the Access Point that is, the “Ethernet IP Address” below. Refer to section 3.15 “Routing Rules” for more information.
Obtain IP Address Automatically Checking this item enables DHCP client on the BU-245U-E. A DHCP client requests its
IP address from a DHCP server which assigns the IP Address automatically.
For more information, refer to section 3.9 “DHCP Server Configuration”, Default is unchecked.
MAC Address This is the unique hardware address of the BU-245U-E and is assigned in the Factory.
The BU-245U-E has two MAC addresses, one for each interface (Ethernet and Wireless).
The Ethernet MAC is the primary MAC Address.
IP Address The IP address of the BU-245U-E on its wired (Ethernet Interface) port and wireless
(Wireless Interface) port. This should be set to the IP address you require.
If the device mode is set to bridge, then the wired and wireless ports will have the same IP address.
IP Subnet Mask The IP network mask of the BU-245U-E on its wired (Ethernet Interface) port and wireless
(Wireless Interface) port. This should be set to appropriate subnet mask for your system
(Typically 255.255.255.0).
System Address (ESSID) A BU-245U-E wireless network comprises modules with the same "system address.”
Only modules with the same system address will communicate with each other.
The system address is a text string 1 to 31 characters in length.
Select a text string which identifies your system.
Desired BSSID To force a client/station to always connect to the same Access Point enter the MAC address
of that Access Point in the Desired BSSID field (Note that the ESSID of the Access Point must
also match the configured ESSID of the client).
Radio Encryption Select the desired radio Encryption level.
Encryption key, passphrase, etc is entered on the “Security Menu” (See section below for details)
Save Changes Save changes to non-volatile memory.
The module will need to be restarted before the changes take effect.
Save Changes and Reset. Save settings to non-volatile memory, and reboot BU-245U-E.
Once the module has completed the reboot sequence, all changes are in effect.
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3.5 Security Menu
Select the Radio Encryption level from the drop down menu on the Main index page and then press the “Save Changes” button.
Available encryption levels are - “None”, “WEP (64-bit)”, “WEP (128-bit)”, “WPA PSK (TKIP)”, “WPA PSK (AES)”, “WPA2 PSK (AES)”, “WPA PSK/
WPA2 PSK” & WPA-Enterprise. The default setting is “None.”
You will now need to go to the “Security Menu” and enter in the encryption keys (WEP), passphrase (WPA), etc.
Encryption Keys 1 to 4
These are the keys used to encrypt radio data to protect data from
unwanted eavesdroppers when WEP Encryption is selected.
These keys should be the same for all BU-245U-E units in the
same system.
Authentication Mode =Open/Shared
One of the four keys may be selected as the default key, and is
used to encrypt transmitted messages from the configured unit.
A BU-245U-E can receive and decrypt a message from a module
that has a different default key index as long as each module has
the same key configured at the same index.
WEP keys must be entered as pairs of hexadecimal digits
separated by colons. Hexadecimal digits are in the range 64bit WEP requires 10 Hexadecimal digits, and 128bit WEP
0...9 and A...F. requires 26 Hexadecimal digits. For example,
12:AB:EF:00:56. for 64bit encryption, and
12:AB:EF:00:56:15:6B:E4:30:C8:05:F0:8D for 128bit encryption
Encryption keys must not be all zeros, i.e., 00:00:00:00:00
WEP Open Authentication Mode
• Station sends an authentication request to the Access Point
• Access Point then authenticates the Station
• Station then associates with the Access Point and joins the
network.
WEP Shares Authentication Mode
• Station sends an authentication request to the Access Point
• Access Point then sends a text based message to the Station
• Station uses its own WEP key to encrypt the text based
message and sends it back to the Access Point.
• Access Point then decrypts the message using its on WEP key
and if it matches authenticates the Station.
• Station then associates with the Access Point and joins
the network.
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When WPA Encryption is selected, 128bit Encryption keys are
internally generated based on the Passphrase and
System Address (ESSID). The Passphrase must be between
8 and 63 characters in length, and the Passphrase must be
the same for all BU-245U-E units in the same system.
For optimal security a passphrase consisting of a combination of
letters and numbers (i.e., not just a simple word or phrase) as well
as upper and lower case. E.g. “WiReLeSs TeChNoLoGy 2010”
WPA Enterprise - Supplicant Configuration
Username / Password: User credentials that match a valid user
on the RADIUS server.
Enable Debug: Must only be used during commissioning and only if
requested by Cooper Bussmann Support. This must be disabled for
normal operation.
Trusted CA Certificate Upload: Upload the certificate of the issuer
of the RADIUS server’s certificate. This enables the Supplicant to
verify the identity of the RADIUS server during the authentication
process.
Certificate Verification Result: Once a certificate has been loaded,
this text box will contain validation information for the certificate.
If this text is blank or contains errors, the certificate is invalid.
Trusted CA Certificate Contents: - Displays the contents of the
loaded certificate.
WPA Enterprise - Authenticator Configuration
RADIUS Server IP Address/Port/Shared Secret: Connection
information for the RADIUS Authentication Server.
Supplicant Re-authenticate Period: Sets the maximum time at
which the Supplicant must re-authenticate. This parameter
determines maximum time a client will still have access to the
network after its user credentials have been revoked.
Enable Debug: Must only be used during commissioning and
only if requested by Cooper Bussmann Support.
This must be disabled for normal operation.
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3.6 Normal Operation
After addresses are configured, the units are ready for operation.
Refer to section 1 for an explanation on the operation of a Bridge and Router.
Transparent Bridge Operation
A bridge connects several Ethernet networks together, and makes them appear as a single Ethernet network to higher protocol layers.
By default, the BU-245U-E is configured as a transparent bridge. When a transparent bridge is started, it learns the location of other devices by
monitoring the source address of all incoming traffic. Initially it forwards all traffic between the wired Ethernet port and the wireless port, however
by keeping a list of devices heard on each port, the transparent bridge can decide which traffic must be forwarded between ports - it will only
transfer a message from the wired port to the wireless port if it is required.
A bridge will forward all Broadcast traffic between the wired and wireless ports. If the wired network is busy with broadcast traffic, the radio
network on the BU-245U-E can be unnecessarily overburdened. Use filtering to reduce broadcast traffic sent over the radio.
Refer Section 3.15 “Wireless Message Filtering” for how to configure a filter.
By default, a transparent bridge does not handle loops within the network. There must be a single path to each device on the network. Loops in
the network will cause the same data to be continually passed around that loop. Redundant wireless links may be set up by enabling the bridge
Spanning Tree Protocol (see section 3.11 “Spanning Tree Algorithm” for more details).
Router Operation
A router joins separate IP sub-networks together. The router has different IP addresses on its wired and wireless ports, reflecting the different IP
addresses of the separate Ethernet networks. All of the devices in these separate networks identify the router by IP address as their gateway to
the other network. When devices on one network wish to communicate with devices on the other network, they direct their packets at the router
for forwarding.
As the router has an IP address on each of the networks it joins, it inherently knows the packet identity. If the traffic directed at the router cannot
be identified for any of the networks to which it is connected, the router must consult its routing rules as to where to direct the traffic to. For
details on configuring routing rules, see section 3.14 “Routing Rules.”
3.7 Radio Configuration
The BU-245U-E can be configured for different radio transmission rates. A reduction in rate increases the reliable range (transmission distance).
The factory-default data rate settings are suitable for the majority of applications and should only be modified by experienced users.
Note: This rate is for Transmit messages only as radio can receive on all data rates.
The BU-245U-E allows for a configurable fixed rate or an Auto radio transmission rate. When a fixed rate is configured the radio transmission rate
is never altered, even under extremely poor conditions. The Auto rate will automatically change the radio data rate to give the best throughput.
When a radio transmission is unsuccessful the BU-245U-E will automatically drop to the next lowest data rate and if subsequent transmissions
are successful at the lower rate, the BU-245U-E will attempt to increase to the next highest rate. When a station connects to an access point the
two devices negotiate a data rate based which is within configured range of radio data rates for both devices.
Select the “Radio” Menu to change the following configuration parameters. If a change is made, you need to select “Save Changes” to retain the
changes. Changes will not take effect until the unit is reset.
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