Cooper Elpro 450U-E User Manual
Version 1.0.12-Beta7
Cooper Bussmann
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Read and
Retain for
Future
Reference
Elpro Technologies 450U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem & Device Server User Manual
Manufacturer
Model Number
Coax Kit
Net
ELPRO
UDP400-3
Includes 3m Cellfoil
1dB Gain
ELPRO
UDP400-5
Includes 5m Cellfoil
Unity Gain
ELPRO
BU-3/400
CC10/450
2.5dB Gain
ELPRO
BU-6/400
CC10/450
5.5dB Gain
ELPRO
YU3/400
CC10/450
3.5dB Loss
ELPRO
YU6/400
CC10/450
6.5dB Gain
ELPRO
YU9/400
CC20/450
5dB Gain
ELPRO
YU16/400
CC20/450
10dB Gain
ATTENTION!
Incorrect termination of the supply wires may cause internal damage and will void the warranty. To ensure that your
450U-E enjoys a long life, before turning the power on double-check ALL connections by referring to this User Manual.
CAUTION
To comply with FCC RF Exposure requirements in section 1.1310 of the FCC Rules, antennas used with this device must
be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all persons to satisfy RF exposure compliance.
DO NOT
Operate the transmitter when anyone is within 20 cm of the antenna.
Operate the transmitter unless all RF connectors are secure and any open connectors are properly terminated.
Operate the equipment near electrical blasting caps or in an explosive atmosphere.
All equipment must be properly grounded for safe operations. All equipment should be serviced only by a qualified
technician.
FCC Notice:
Part 15 This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to
Part15 of the FCC rules (Code of Federal Regulations 47CFR Part 15). Operation is subject to the condition that
this device does not cause harmful interference.
Part 90 This device has been type accepted for operation by the FCC in accordance with Part90 of the FCC
rules (47CFR Part 90). See the label on the unit for the specific FCC ID and any other certification designations.
Note: This device should only be connected to PCs that are covered by either a FCC DoC or are FCC
certified.
Part 15 This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to
Part 15 of the FCC rules (Code of Federal Regulations 47CFR Part 15). Operation is subject to the condition that
this device does not cause harmful interference.
Notice any changes or modifications not expressly approved by ELPRO
this equipment.
This Device should only be connected to PCs that are covered by either FCC DoC or are FCC
certified.
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Elpro Technologies 450U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem & Device Server User Manual
Safety Notices:
Exposure to RF energy is an important safety consideration. The FCC has adopted a safety standard for human exposure
to radio frequency electromagnetic energy emitted by FCC regulated equipment as a result of its actions in Docket 93-62
and OET Bulletin 65 Edition 97-01.
UL Notice:
1. The Wireless Ethernet module is to be installed by trained personnel / licensed electricians only and installation
must be carried out in accordance with the instructions listed in the Installation Guide and applicable local
regulatory codes.
2. The units are intended for Restricted Access Locations.
3. The Wireless Ethernet module is intended to be installed in a final enclosure, rated IP54, before use outdoors.
4. The Equipment shall be powered using an external Listed Power Supply with LPS outputs or a Class 2 Power
Supply.
5. The Wireless Ethernet module must be properly grounded for surge protection before use.
6. If installed in a hazardous environment coaxial cable shall be installed in a metallic conduit
GNU Free Documentation License:
Copyright (C) 2009 ELPRO Technologies.
ELPRO Technologies is using a part of Free Software code under the GNU General Public License in operating the
450U-E
program whose authors commit by using it. The Free Software is copyrighted by Free Software Foundation, Inc. and the
A copy of the license is included in Appendix F - GNU Free Doc License"
ELPRO Technologies for instructions
450U-E
Important Notice:
ELPRO products are designed to be used in industrial environments, by experienced industrial engineering personnel with
adequate knowledge of safety design considerations.
ELPRO radio products are used on unprotected license-free radio bands with radio noise and interference. The products
are designed to operate in the presence of noise and interference, however in an extreme case, radio noise and
interference could cause product operation delays or operation failure. Like all industrial electronic products, ELPRO
products can fail in a variety of modes due to misuse, age, or malfunction. We recommend that users and designers
design systems using design techniques intended to prevent personal injury or damage during product operation, and
provide failure tolerant systems to prevent personal injury or damage in the event of product failure. Designers must warn
users of the equipment or systems if adequate protection against failure has not been included in the system design.
Designers must include this Important Notice in operating procedures and system manuals.
These products should not be used in non-industrial applications, or life-support systems, without consulting ELPRO first.
1. A radio license is not required in some countries, provided the module is installed using the aerial and equipment
configuration described in the 450U-E Installation Guide. Check with your local distributor for further information
on regulations.
2. Operation is authorized by the radio frequency regulatory authority in your country on a non-protection basis.
Although all care is taken in the design of these units, there is no responsibility taken for sources of external
interference. Systems should be designed to be tolerant of these operational delays.
3. To avoid the risk of electrocution, the aerial, aerial cable, serial cables and all terminals of the 450U-E module
should be electrically protected. To provide maximum surge and lightning protection, the module should be
connected to a suitable earth and the aerial, aerial cable, serial cables and the module should be installed as
recommended in the Installation Guide.
4. To avoid accidents during maintenance or adjustment of remotely controlled equipment, all equipment should be
first disconnected from the 450U-E module during these adjustments. Equipment should carry clear markings to
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Elpro Technologies 450U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem & Device Server User Manual
indicate remote or automatic operation. E.g. "This equipment is remotely controlled and may start without
warning. Isolate at the switchboard before attempting adjustments."
5. The 450U-E module is not suitable for use in explosive environments without additional protection.
6. The 450U-E Operates using the same Radio frequencies and communication protocols as commercially available
off-the shelf equipment. If your system is not adequately secured, third parties may be able to gain access to
your data or gain control of your equipment via the radio link. Before deploying a system make sure you have
considered the security aspects of your installation carefully.
Release Notice:
This is the July 2012 release of the 450U-E Ethernet Modem User Manual version 1.0.12-Beta7 which applies to version
1.2Beta Modem firmware
Follow Instructions
Read this entire manual and all other publications pertaining to the work to be performed before installing, operating, or
servicing this equipment. Practice all plant and safety instructions and precautions. Failure to follow the instructions can
cause personal injury and/or property damage.
Proper Use
Any unauthorized modifications to or use of this equipment outside its specified mechanical, electrical, or other operating
limits may cause personal injury and/or property damage, including damage to the equipment. Any such unauthorized
thereby excluding
warranty coverage for any resulting damage; and (2) invalidate product certifications or listings.
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CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION ................................... 7
NETWORK TOPOLOGY ........................................... 7 1.0
Access Point vs. Client ............................................. 7
Bridge vs Router ....................................................... 9
GETTING STARTED QUICKLY ................................ 10 1.1
CHAPTER 2 - INSTALLATION .................................. 11
GENERAL .......................................................... 11 2.0
ANTENNA INSTALLATION ...................................... 11 2.1
Bench test and Demo System setup ............................... 11
Antennas ........................................................................ 12
Installation tips ........................................................ 12
Dipole and Collinear antennas ......................................... 13
Directional antennas. ....................................................... 13
POWER SUPPLY ................................................. 13 2.2
SERIAL CONNECTIONS ........................................ 14 2.3
RS232 Serial Port ................................................... 14
DB9 Connector Pin outs ................................................. 14
RS485 Serial Port ................................................... 14
Failsafe Biasing ............................................................... 15
USB Ports ............................................................... 15
INPUT/OUTPUT CONNECTIONS ............................. 15 2.4
Analog Input ............................................................ 15
....................................................................................... 16
Digital Output .......................................................... 16
Digital Input ............................................................. 16
CHAPTER 3 - OPERATION....................................... 17
START-UP ......................................................... 17 3.0
-up.......................................... 17
-up ..................................................... 17
Link Establishment .................................................. 17
How a Link connection is lost .......................................... 17
Roaming Clients .............................................................. 17
LED Indication ......................................................... 18
RADIO OPERATING PARAMETERS .......................... 18 3.1
Frequency Bands .................................................... 18
Receiver .................................................................. 19
Radio Throughput ................................................... 19
Modbus TCP. ................................................................. 19
INITIAL CONNECTION ........................................... 20 3.2
Default Configuration .............................................. 20
Accessing Configuration for the first time .............. 20
Method 1 - Set PC to same network as 450U-E ............. 21
Method 2 - Set 450U-E Network address to match the
local network .................................................................. 22
STARTUP .......................................................... 24 3.3
QUICKSTART ..................................................... 25 3.4
GENERAL CONFIGURATION .................................. 26 3.5
Connecting to Existing Networks..................................... 26
NETWORK CONFIGURATION........................... 27 3.6
Network Settings Webpage Fields................................... 27
SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL ALGORITHM ............... 28 3.7
SECURITY MENU ................................................ 28 3.8
WEP (128 bit) .......................................................... 29
Encryption Keys 1 to 4 .................................................... 29
Default WEP Key ............................................................. 29
WPA2 ...................................................................... 29
WPA Enterprise ...................................................... 29
Authenticator (AP) Configuration ............................ 30
Supplicant Re-authenticate Period: ................................. 30
Enable Debug: ................................................................ 30
Supplicant (Client) Configuration ........................... 30
Username / Password: .................................................... 30
Enable Debug: ................................................................ 30
Trusted CA certificate upload .......................................... 30
Certificate Verification result: ............................................ 30
Trusted CA Certificate Contents: ..................................... 30
BRIDGE / ROUTER OPERATION .............................. 31 3.9
Bridge Operation (Transparent Network) .......................... 31
Router Operation (Routed Network) ................................. 31
RADIO CONFIGURATION ..................................... 31 3.10
Radio Menu .................................................................... 32
Data Compression .................................................. 33
SERIAL PORT CONFIGURATION ............................ 33 3.11
REPEATERS (WDS) ........................................... 34 3.12
Important Notes: ............................................................. 34
WDS Connections: ................................................. 35
Example 1 Extending range using WDS ............. 35
Example 2 - Roaming with WDS Access Points .... 36
IP ROUTING ..................................................... 37 3.13
FILTERING ....................................................... 39 3.14
MAC Address Filter Configuration: ................................... 40
IP Address Filter Configuration: ....................................... 41
ARP Filter Configuration .................................................. 41
MODBUS ......................................................... 42 3.15
Modbus RTU Master ports ..................................... 42
Modbus TCP Server / RTU Slave ........................... 42
Modbus TCP Client ................................................ 43
TCP Client Mappings ...................................................... 43
RTU Master Mappings .................................................... 44
Modbus TCP to RTU Conversion .................................... 45
INPUT/O UTPUT CONFIGURATION ......................... 46 3.16
I/O Configuration .................................................... 46
Analog Input Configuration .............................................. 46
Analog Input configuration parameters ............................ 47
Digital Output .................................................................. 47
Digital Input ..................................................................... 48
I/O Register locations ............................................. 48
Digital Outputs Coils ........................................................ 48
Digital Input Bits .............................................................. 49
Analog Input Registers .................................................... 49
Expansion I/O ................................................................. 49
Failsafe Blocks ....................................................... 50
...................................................... 51
CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES ............................... 51 3.17
Extending a wired network (Bridged Network) ...... 51
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Elpro Technologies 450U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem & Device Server User Manual
Connecting two different networks together (Routed
Network) .................................................................. 52
Extending range of a network with a Repeater hop.......... 53
CHAPTER 4 - DIAGNOSTICS ................................... 55
DIAGNOSTICS CHART .......................................... 55 4.0
CONNECTIVITY ................................................... 56 4.1
STATISTICS ....................................................... 56 4.2
Network Traffic Analysis .................................................. 57
CUSTOM SURVEY ............................................... 59 4.4
NETWORK DIAGNOSTICS ..................................... 61 4.5
Ping ................................................................................ 61
IO DIAGNOSTICS ................................................ 62 4.6
Modem Module Information Registers ............................. 62
Expansion I/O Error Registers ......................................... 63
MONITOR RADIO COMMS .................................... 64 4.7
MONITOR IP COMMS .......................................... 64 4.8
SYSTEM TOOLS ................................................. 65
4.9
Setting a 450U-E to Factory Default Settings ........ 65
MODULE INFORMATION CONFIGURATION .............. 65 4.10
Module Information Webpage Fields ............................... 65
DHCP Client Configuration ............................................. 66
UTILITIES ........................................................ 67 4.11
.............................................................................. 67
........................................................................ 68
........................................................................... 69
CHAPTER 5 - SPECIFICATIONS ............................... 70
APPENDIX A - FIRMWARE UPGRADES ............... 72
Firmware Upgrade USB (Full Firmware Upgrade) .......... 72
Web based Upgrade .............................................. 75
APPENDIX B - GLOSSARY .................................. 76
APPENDIX C - EXPANSION I/O REGISTERS ........ 80
I/O store for a 115S-11 Expansion I/O module ................ 80
I/O store for a 115S-12 Expansion I/O module ................ 80
I/O store for a 115S-13 Expansion I/O module ................ 80
APPENDIX D - MODBUS ERROR CODES ............ 81
APPENDIX E - POWER CONVERSION ................. 82
Power Conversion ........................................................... 82
APPENDIX F - GNU FREE DOC LICENSE ............ 83
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Elpro Technologies 450U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem & Device Server User Manual
Figure 1 AP-Client
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
The 450U-E Industrial 802.11 based Wireless Ethernet module provide wireless connections between Ethernet devices
and/
450U-E, 5 Watt max power
The 450U-E is a fixed frequency wireless transceiver that operates in the 380MHz to 520 MHz frequency communications
band. There are various frequency bands available depending on the model purchased.
The 450U-E unit provides two serial connections as well as the Ethernet connection. It is possible to use all three data
connections concurrently, allowing the 450U-E to act as a Device Server where wireless connections can be made
between serial devices and Ethernet devices. The 450U-E also
. Appropriate driver applications will be required in the host devices to
handle other protocols.
The modem is capable of passing VLAN tagged frames.
The 450U-E has a standard RJ45 Ethernet connection which will operate at up to 100Mbit/sec. The module will transmit
the Ethernet messages on the wireless band at rates between 1 and 19.2Kbit/sec depending on model, band, encryption
methods, and radio paths.
Network Topology 1.0
The 450U-E is an Ethernet device, and must be configured as part of an Ethernet network. Each 450U-E must be
configured as an:
(Station)
You can also connect to the 450U-E via a RS232 or RS485 serial port using serial server and allowing the 450U-E to
connect the serial communications into the Ethernet network.
Access Point vs. Client
The Access Point unit acts . The Access Point accepts and authorises links initiated by the
client units, and controls the wireless communications.
Clients (Stations) are slave units and when connected to the Access Point becomes transparent Ethernet links.
The first diagram shows a connection between two Ethernet devices using 450U-E Ethernet modems. In this example
one 450U-E is configured as an Access Point and the other as a Client.
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Elpro Technologies 450U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem & Device Server User Manual
Figure 2 AP-Client2
Figure 3 Multi Client
Figure 4 Multi AP
The second diagram shows an existing LAN being extended using 450U-E . In this example, the Access Point is
configured at the LAN end - although the wireless link will still work if the Client is at the LAN end.
An Access Point can connect to multiple Clients. In this case, the
450U-E Clients, which do not have direct reliable
radio paths. epeater module, any 450U-E can be a repeater and at the same time, can be
connected to an Ethernet devices or on a LAN
Multiple Access Points can be set-
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Figure 5 - Bridge
Figure 6 - Client Router
Figure 7 AP Router
Bridge vs Router
Each 450U-E when configured as a bridge uses a single IP address for Ethernet and Wireless connections. A Bridge
connects devices within the same Ethernet network - for example, extending an existing Ethernet LAN.
A Router The IP addresses for the Ethernet and the Wireless sides must be
different. In this example, the wireless link is part of LAN A, with the Client (Station) unit acting as the Router between LAN
A and LAN B.
Alternately, the Access Point could be configured as a Router. The wireless link is then part of LAN B.
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Elpro Technologies 450U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem & Device Server User Manual
Figure 8 - Multi Router
If more than two routers are required within the same radio network, then routing rules may need to be configured (refer
to section 3.13 IP Routing more details). There is no limit to the number of Bridges in the same network - although
there is a limit of 128 Client units linked to any one Access Point.
Getting Started Quickly 1.1
This instruction will explain what sections of the manual should be read to get the modems configured quickly and easily.
The out of the box basic configuration should cover most applications and require little configuration, however if more
advanced applications are required the 450U-E have many sophisticated features, which can be adjusted if need be.
First, read Chapter . This will explain the connections that are required for successful operation, i.e.
Power, Antenna, Serial, Ethernet and I/O.
Power the 450U-E and make an Ethernet connection to your PC (for further information on how to do this, refer
to section 3.2 Initial Connection
Set the 450U-E address, and other necessary configuration parameters by using the Quick Start as per section
3.4 Quickstart
Save the configuration - the 450U-E is now ready to use.
If the modems are connected to an existing network read section 3.14 Filtering some form of filtering
(MAC, IP and ARP) will reduce the amount of Ethernet network traffic being sent over the radio network.
Before installing the 450U-E, bench test the system. It is a lot easier to locate problems with all the equipment located on
the bench.
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CHAPTER 2 - INSTALLATION
General 2.0
The 450U-E modules are housed in a rugged aluminium case, suitable for DIN-rail mounting. Terminals will accept wires
up to 2.5 mm2 (12 gauge) in size.
All connections to the module must be SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage). Normal 110-250V mains
supply must not be connected to any terminal of the 450U-E module. Refer to Section 2.2 Power
Supply .
Before installing a new system, it is preferable to bench test the complete system. Configuration problems are easier to
recognize when the system units are close to one another. Following installation, the most common problem is poor
communications caused by incorrectly installed antennas, radio interference on the same channel, or the radio path being
inadequate. If the radio path is a problem (i.e. path too long, or obstructed), a higher performance antenna or a higher
mounting point for the antenna may rectify the problem. Alternately, use an intermediate 450U-E module as a repeater.
The 450U-E Installation Guide provides an installation drawing appropriate to most applications. Further information is
detailed below.
Each 450U-E module should be effectively earthed via the "GND" screw on the back of the module - this is to ensure that
the surge protection circuits inside are effective.
Antenna Installation 2.1
The 450U-E module will operate reliably over large distances however the achievable distances will vary with the
application, radio configuration, location of antennas, the degree of radio interference, and obstructions (such as buildings
or trees) to the radio path.
A 450U-E can achieve up to 50 Km (31 miles) with a directional antenna attached.
To achieve the maximum transmission distance, the antennas should be raised above intermediate obstructions so the
reliably with some obstruction of the radio path, although the
reliable distance will be reduced. Obstructions which are close to either antenna will have more of a blocking affect than
obstructions in the middle of the radio path.
The 450U-E modules provide a diagnostic feature which displays the radio signal strength of transmissions (refer Chapter
Diagnostics ).
Line-of-sight paths are only necessary to obtain the maximum range. Obstructions will reduce the range, or degrade a
reliable path. A larger amount of obstruction can be tolerated for shorter distances however an obstructed path requires
testing to determine if the path will be reliable - refer to section CHAPTER 4 - of this manual for more information on
determining a reliable path.
Where it is not possible to achieve reliable communications between two 450U-E modules, then a third 450U-E module
may be used to receive the message and re-transmit it. This module is referred to as a repeater. This module may also
have a host device connected to it.
Bench test and Demo System setup
Care must be taken with placement of antenna in relation to the radios and the other antennas. Strong radio signals can
saturate the receiver, hindering the overall radio communications.
When setting up a bench test/demo or a short range system the following considerations should be taken into account
for optimum radio performance and reduced signal saturation.
If using Demo antennas on each end, fit 20dB 5W coax attenuator in-line with the coax cable.
Antennas must be kept a suitable distance from each other. Check the receive signal strength on the
of the module and ensure the level is not greater than -45dB
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Elpro Technologies 450U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem & Device Server User Manual
Antenna
Gain (dBi)
Dipole
2 dBi
Collinear
5 or 8 dBi
Directional (Yagi)
6 15 dBi
Cable Type
Loss (dB per 30 m / 100 ft)
RG58 Cellfoil Cable kits (3m,10m, 20m)
-1dB, -2.5dB, -4.8 dB
RG213 - per 10m (33ft)
-1.8 dB
LDF4-50 per 10m (33ft)
-0.5 dB
Figure 9 - Vulcanizing Tape
Antennas
Antennas can be either connected directly to the module connectors or connected via 50 ohm coaxial cable (e.g. RG58
Cellfoil or RG213) terminated with a male SMA coaxial connector. The higher the antenna is mounted, the greater the
transmission range will be, however as the length of coaxial cable increases so do cable losses.
The net gain of an antenna/cable configuration is the gain of the antenna (in dBi) less the loss in the coaxial cable (in dB).
The 450U-E maximum net gain will depend on the licensing regulation for the country of operation and the operating
frequency
Typical antennas gains and losses are:
The net gain of the antenna/cable configuration is determined by adding the antenna gain and the cable loss.
For example, an 8dBi antenna with 10 meters of Cellfoil (-2.5dB) has a net gain of 5.5dB (8dB 2.5dB).
Installation tips
Connections between the antenna and coaxial cable should be carefully taped
to prevent ingress of moisture. Moisture ingress in the coaxial cable is a
common cause for problems with radio systems, as it greatly increases the
radio losses. We recommend that the connection be taped, firstly with a layer of
another layer of PVC UV Stabilized insulating tape. The first layer of tape allows
the joint to be easily inspected when trouble shooting as the vulcanizing seal
can be easily removed.
Where antennas are mounted on elevated masts, the masts should be
effectively earthed to avoid lightning surges. For high lightning risk areas,
approved ELPRO surge suppression devices -SMA-
-N- en the module and the antenna. If using
non ELPRO surge suppression devices then the devices must have a 'TURN
ON' voltage of less than 90V. If the antenna is not already shielded from
lightning strike by an adjacent earthed structure, a lightning rod may be installed
above the antenna to provide shielding.
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13.8VDC
24VDC
Quiescent
120mA
70mA
TX @500mW
400mA
220mA
TX @ 5W
1.2 - 1.5Amps
550mA - 650mA
Figure 11 Dipole Antenna
Figure 10 Collinear/Dipole Antenna
Figure 12 - Power Supply
Dipole and Collinear antennas
A dipole or collinear antenna transmits the same amount of radio
power in all directions - as such that are easy to install and use. The
dipole antenna does not require any additional coaxial cable;
however a cable must be added if using any of the other collinear
or directional antennas.
Collinear and dipole antennas should be mounted vertically,
preferably 1 wavelength away (see Figure 10 for distances) from a
wall or mast and at least 3ft (1m) from the radio module to obtain
maximum range.
Directional antennas.
Directional antennas can be
Yagi antenna with a main beam and orthogonal elements.
Directional radome, which is cylindrical in shape.
Parabolic antenna.
A directional antenna provides high gain in the forward direction, but lower gain in other
directions. This may be used to compensate for coaxial cable loss for installations with marginal
radio path.
Yagi antennas should be installed with the main beam horizontal, pointing in the forward
direction. If the Yagi is transmitting to a vertically mounted omni-directional antenna, then the
Yagi elements should be vertical. If the Yagi is transmitting to another Yagi, then the elements at
each end of the wireless link need to in the same plane (horizontal or vertical).
Directional radomes should be installed with the central beam horizontal and must be pointed
exactly in the direction of transmission to benefit from the gain of the antenna. Parabolic antennas
should be m , with
and the radiating element pointing in the direction of the transmission.
Power Supply 2.2
The 450U-E module can be powered from a 9 30 VDC
supply. The supply should be rated in accordance with the
Supply voltage and Radio power level. The power
requirements for the 450U-E unit are shown in the table below.
The positive side of the supply must not be connected to
earth. The supply negative is connected to the unit case
internally. The DC supply may be a floating supply or negatively
grounded.
A Ground Terminal is provided on the back of the module. This Terminal should be connected to the Main Ground point
of the installation in order to provide efficient surge protection for the module (refer to the Installation Diagram)
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Elpro Technologies 450U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem & Device Server User Manual
Pin
Name
Direction
Function
1
DCD
Out
Data carrier detect
2
RXD
Out
Transmit Data Serial Data Output (from DCE to DTE)
3
TXD
In
Receive Data Serial Data Input (from DTE to DCE)
4
DTR
In
Data Terminal Ready
5
GND
Signal Ground
6
DSR
Out
Data Set Ready - always high when unit is powered on.
7
RTS
In
Request to Send
8
CTS
Out
Clear to send
9
RI Ring indicator
Figure 13 - Serial Cable
Figure 14 - RS485
Serial Connections 2.3
RS232 Serial Port
The RS232 serial port on the 450U-E is a 9 pin DB9 female connector which
provides connection for host devices as well as providing a connection point
for diagnostics, field testing and factory testing. Communication is via
standard RS232 signals and the 450U-E is configured as a DCE device.
Hardware handshaking using the CTS/RTS lines is provided. The CTS/RTS
. The
Example cable drawings for connecting to a DTE host (PC) or another DCE device (modem) are detailed in Figure 13 Serial Cable. A General rule of thumb for determining if the device is DCE or DTE is to look at the DB9 Connector and if
traight
through cable and works the device is a DCE.
DB9 Connector Pin outs
RS485 Serial Port
The RS485 port provides a communication link from the 450U-E unit to
a host device using a multi-drop cable. Up to 32 devices may be
connected in each multi-drop network.
As the RS485 communication medium is shared, only one of the units
on the RS485 cable may send data at any one time. Thus,
communication protocols based on the RS-485 standard require some
type of arbitration.
RS485 is a multi-drop communication link or bus that can span relatively large distances (up to 1.2Km (4000ft)) using a
balanced differential paired cable. It is recommended that the cable be shielded, twisted pair to reduce potential RF
Interference.
An RS485 network should be wired as indicated in the diagram below and terminated at each end of the network with a
120-ohm resistor. An on-board 120-ohm resistor is provided in the modem which can be engaged by operating the
single DIP switch on
connect the resistor. If the RS485 device that the modem is being connected to does not have a termination switch a
120ohm resistor must be fitted manually across the RS485 terminals. Only devices at each end of the multi-drop RS485
cable will need to have a termination resistor enabled or fitted.
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Figure 15 -Multidrop Serial
Failsafe Biasing
The 450U-E does not support Failsafe Biasing on the RS485 unless a 115S serial expansion module is also
connected and has its termination switch enabled.
Failsafe Biasing is a simple voltage divider that is connected to the RS485 bus and
pulls the terminal voltages (high or low) when the communication state is idle rather
than be left at a floating state which could cause data corruption.
If connecting a serial device that does not support Failsafe Biasing and an 115S
expansion I/O module is also not fitted then Biasing resistors must be wired to each
RS485 terminal to ensure correct operation. Resistor values will depend on the
Supply voltage; see diagram for resistor value calculation and wiring.
USB Ports
Module has a two USB ports housed under the plastic bung on the top plate.
USB A Host port is used for upgrading the module firmware and can only be used for full upgrades. Patches files
are not loaded via the USB but through the web interface. The procedures for performing a full firmware upgrade
and the patch file upgrade can be found in Section Appendix A - Firmware Upgrades
USB B Device connector which is used as a secondary Ethernet connection point. Essentially this is a USB to
Ethernet converter that will allow you to connect to the modules web interface without the need for disconnecting
the existing Ethernet connection or the need to install a hub or switch to allow more ports.
Input/Output Connections 2.4
The 450U-E has a single physical on-board I/O channel that can be configured as either a Digital or an Analog via the web
interface. The Digital channel can act as an input or an output. It can be monitored, set remotely, or alternatively used an
output for a communications alarm status. If more I/O is required, you can add 115S serial expansion I/O modules via the
RS232 or RS485 ports. See section 3.16 for more details on this.
Analog Input
The I/O channel can be configured to except a 0-20mA current sinking analog input.
Current source must be externally powered and the DIO must be configured for Analog Input rather than Digital
Input/Output. This can be configured by going to the / screens see
section 3.16 for details.
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Figure 19- DIO Input (Switch)
Figure 17 - DIO Output
Figure 18 - Digital Input (Transistor)
Figure 16 - Analog Input
Digital Output
The I/O channel can also be used as a discrete output. The digital output uses a FET transistor rated at 30VDC 500 mA,
and can be used to switch a load, i.e. relay coil or contactor.
The output can be activated by manually writing a value of re
by utilising the onboard Modbus TCP Server or Serial Modbus Master to turn
on the output. It could also be accessed from an external Modbus Server, i.e. a PLC, DCS, Scada,
etc. via the Ethernet network or Serial interface.
When activating the output the I/O indication on the front panel of the module will be lit RED when
the output is on.
Note: The Digital Output will override the Digital Input operation, i.e. if the output is activated while
the DIO is being read the indication will show the input as being on (1).
Digital Input
When used supports voltage free contact connection such as a mechanical switch or a
NPN transistor device such as an electronic proximity switches.
Contact wetting current of the input is approximately 5mA and is provided to maintain reliable operation for driving relays.
The digital input is activated by connecting between the "DIO" and M" terminals.
When activating the input the I/O indication on the front panel of the module will be lit GREEN when
the input is switched on (closed/shorted). Provided the resistance of the switching device is less than
200 ohms, the device will be able to activate the digital input.
PNP transistor devices are not suitable.
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CHAPTER 3 - OPERATION
Start-up 3.0
-up
Normal module startup time is approximately 1 minute and 20 Seconds from when first powered on to where you can
connect to the IP address. When the Access Point (AP) has completed its startup process it will immediately begin
broadcasting periodic messages, called beacons on the configured channel using the default beacon interval time of 15
seconds.
Beacons include information that a Client may examine in order to identify if the Access Point is suitable for link
establishment. Clients will only attempt to establish a link with an Access Point whose beacon indicates a matching SSID.
Access Points do not initiate link establishment.
-up
Normal module startup time is approximately 1 minute and 20 Seconds from when first powered on to where you can
connect to the IP address. When a Client completes its startup process it will begin scanning its configured frequency for
a suitable Access Point. The Client will attempt to establish a link with an Access Point only if it has matching SSID,
Encryption method and the correct password. If more than one suitable Access Point is discovered, the client will attempt
to establish a link with the Access Point that has the strongest radio signal.
Link Establishment
Once a Client identifies a suitable Access Point for link establishment it attempts to link using a two-step process
them to establish a link. Once the Client has been authenticated, it will then request an Association to establish a link.
Status of the wireless link is indicated via the TX/LINK LED. For an Access Point, the TX/LINK LED will be OFF while no
links have been established. Once one or more links have been established, the TX/LINK LED is on GREEN. For a Client,
of the web interface.
After the link is established, data may be transferred in both directions. The Access Point will act as a master-unit and will
control the flow of data to the Clients linked to it. Clients can only transmit data to the AP to which they are connected.
When a Client transfers data to another Client, it first transmits the data to the AP, which then forwards the data to the
destined Client.
.
If the encryption keys are incorrect between units in the same system, or a dissimilar encryption
scheme is configured, the LINK led will light, however data cannot be passed over the wireless
network.
A maximum of 127 Clients may be linked to an Access Point.
How a Link connection is lost
A Client monitors beacon messages from an Access Point to determine whether the link is still present. If the Client can
no longer hear the Access Point beacons it will wait 7 beacon times (7 x 15 seconds) and then send a link check
message and if it still does not receive an acknowledgment it will drop the link and clear its connectivity list. If an Access
Point is connected to a single Client and the Client fails or is turned off, the Access Point will wait 5 minutes before
dropping the link and clearing the connectivity list.
Roaming Clients
Clients can roam within a system however there are some limitations due to the link timeouts. If when connected to an
Access Point the link fails because of a hardware problem or the signal level falls below the minimum threshold (-99dB,
25KHz channel @19200 baud or -100dBm @ 9600 baud) the Client will scan for beacon signals and connect to the
Access Point with the strongest RSSI level (If more than one Access Points can be heard and provided the SSID and any
Encryption methods/keys are the same). This functionality allows clients to roam to a stronger Access Point when the
signal level gets too low or the link completely fails, etc. The timeframe for the changeover will be approximately 105
seconds due to the link retires and timeouts.
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LED Indicator
Condition
Meaning
OK
GREEN
Normal Operation
OK
Flashing RED / GREEN
Module Boot Sequence
OK
RED
Default Quick start Mode (Unconfigured)
Radio RX
GREEN flash
Radio receiving data (Good Signal Strength)
Radio RX
RED flash
Radio receiving data (Low Signal strength)
TX/LINK
GREEN
Radio Connection Established
TX/LINK
RED
Radio Transmitting
RS-232
GREEN flash
Data sent from RS-232 Serial Port
RS-232
RED flash
Data received to RS-232 Serial Port
LAN
ON
Link Established on Ethernet port
LAN
ORANGE flash
Activity on Ethernet port.
RS-485
GREEN flash
Data sent from RS-485 Serial Port. If expansion I/O is being
used this will flash constantly
RS-485
RED flash
Data received to RS-485 Serial Port
IO
GREEN
Digital Input is On.
IO
RED
Digital Output is active
IO
OFF
Digital Output OFF and Input is open circuit.
IO
GREEN different intensity
Analog input current loop.
dim = 4mA, bright= 20mA
370
360 380 MHz
390
380 400 MHz
410
400 420 MHz
430
420 440 MHz
440
430 450 MHz
460
450 470 MHz
480
470 490 MHz
500
490 512 MHz
LED Indication
The following table details the status of the indicating LEDs on the front panel for all operating conditions.
The Ethernet RJ45 connector on the end of the module incorporates two indication LEDs. The LINK LED which comes on
to indicate a connection on the Ethernet port, and it will blink OFF briefly when activity is detected, similar to the LAN Led
on the front panel. The 100MB LED indicates that the LAN connection is at 100 MBit/Sec. The 100MB LED will be off for
10MB/Sec connection.
Other conditions indicating a fault are described in CHAPTER 4 - DIAGNOSTICS.
Radio Operating Parameters 3.1
Frequency Bands
The radios will operate within the range 360-512MHz; however the full range is broken into different frequency bands and
the radios will be set to one of these frequency bands. Care must be taken when ordering to select the correct band as
the frequency cannot be configured outside of its band.
The Frequency of the radio is configurable by the user within a Frequency band of the radio; the following bands are
available.
The modems are capable of being configured in the frequency range of 380MHz 512MHz however the modems are
factory tuned for a particular 20MHz frequency band as shown above.
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Receiver Sensitivity
Baud Rate
Bandwidth
4.8kbits
9.6kbits
19.2kbits
25KHz Channel
N/A
-110 dBm
-99 dBm
12.5 KHz Channels
-111 dBm
-100 dBm
N/A
Data Throughput Modbus (Polls per Minute)
4800 baud (2 level FSK)
9600 baud (4 Level FSK)
20 Words @ maximum Scan rate without compression
55 Ppm
90 Ppm
20 Words @ maximum Scan rate with Compression
58 Ppm
87 Ppm
120 Words @ maximum Scan rate without compression
39 Ppm
69 Ppm
120 Words @ maximum Scan rate with Compression
55 Ppm
87 Ppm
Note: Modems must be ordered to operate in the chosen band; modems cannot be tuned to a
frequency that is outside of this band.
Transmit and Receive frequencies are configured by typing the frequency into the available TX and RX Frequency field.
Frequency must be multiples of the step size and will automatically adjust itself to the correct format when you click out of
the input box.
Receiver
The Radio Receive Sensitivity will vary depending on the radio channel width, whether it is a wide band radio using 25
KHz channels or if it a narrow band radio using 12.5 KHz channel. The transmit data rate will also vary the receiver
sensitivity. Refer to the table below for Receiver Sensitivity
Radio Throughput
There are a number of throughput estimations that may help to determine the amount of data that can be successfully
transmitted through the modems. These throughput estimations are based on perfect radio conditions, i.e. little to no
outside radio interference present while data is being passed and they are calculated using real life conditions and
communication constraints.
The performance of a wireless link is best measured in terms of the maximum throughput that can be achieved. The
recommended method of measuring throughput is to use an external Modbus Client to poll the internal Modbus Server on
the remote modem. It is recommended that the throughput test be performed on point to point links while the remainder
of the wireless network is inactive (i.e. not sending any data).
Modbus TCP.
Below is a table showing the maximum number of polls per minute (ppm) based on the radio receiver signal level.
Results show two different test polls using two different data speeds and with and without Data Compression. For more
details on what data compression is and how to implement it, read section 3.10 Data Compression .
The test is designed to simulate a Modbus TCP Client polling a Modbus TCP server through the radio modems utilising
the two different data rates (2 Level FSK and 4 Level FSK) and scanning a different number of I/O points.
Setup for the Modbus Client was made to simulate the fastest polling rate possible and then determine the number of
messages that were successfully polled in a one minute period. TCP Client scan rate was 5msec, poll delay was 5msec
and the Slave response time was 10seconds.
Typical results for this setup are shown below.
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Initial Connection 3.2
The 450U-E has a built-in web server, for configuration and diagnostics. The preferred web browser is Microsoft®
Internet Explorer version 7 or greater. This program is shipped with Microsoft Windows or may be obtained freely via the
Microsoft® website or Google Chrome which is also downloadable from the web. Other browsers may not be fully
compatible on all Beta web pages.
Note: Microsoft Internet Explorer Version 6 will not load web pages due to a compatibility issue
between IE6 and SSL-security web sites.
Default Configuration
The 450U-E will temporarily load factory-default settings if powered up with the Factory Default switch (on the end-plate
of the module) in SETUP position. When in SETUP mode, wireless operation is disabled. The previous configuration
remains stored in non-volatile memory and will only change if a configuration parameter is modified and the change
saved.
Do not forget to set the switch back to the RUN position and cycle power at the conclusion of
configuration for resumption of normal operation.
The default factory configuration of the 450U-E is
Client / Bridge
IP address192.168.0.1XX, where XX is the last two digits of the serial number (the default IP address is shown
on the printed label on the back of the module)
Netmask 255.255.255.0
Accessing Configuration for the first time
Because the Default IP address is in the range 192.168.0.XXX it may not connect to you network or PC so there are two
methods for accessing the configuration for the first time.
Method 1 - Change your computer settings so that the configuring PC is on the same network as the 450U-E with
factory default settings. This is the preferred method and is much less complicated than the second method. You will
- 450U-E. The factory default Ethernet
address for the 450U-E is 192.168.0.1XX where XX are the last two digits of the serial number (check the label on the
back of the module).
Method 2 - Requires temporarily changing the IP address in the 450U-E via an RS232 connection such that it is
accessible on your network without having to change your PC network settings. When connected you be able to change
the modem network settings to match that of your network.
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Figure 20 - Local Area Connection
Figure 21 - TCP/IP Properties
Method 1 - Set PC to same network as 450U-E
Connect the Ethernet cable between unit and the PC configuring the
module.
Set the Factory Default Switch to the SETUP position. This will
always start the 450U-E with Ethernet IP address 192.168.0.1XX,
subnet mask 255.255.255.0, gateway IP 192.168.0.1 and the radio
disabled. Do not forget to set the switch back to the RUN position
and restart the module at the conclusion of configuration for
resumption of normal operation.
Power up the 450U-E module.
following description is for Windows XP - earlier Windows operating
systems have similar settings.
Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click on Properties.
On the General tab enter IP address 192.168.0.1, Subnet mask
255.255.25
Open Internet Explorer and ensure that settings will allow you to
connect to the IP address selected. If the PC uses a proxy server,
ensure that Internet Explorer will bypass the Proxy Server for local
addresses.
This option may be modified by opening Tools -> Internet Options ->
Connections Tab -> LAN Settings->Proxy Server -> bypass proxy for
local addresses.
Enter the default IP address for the 450U-E 192.168.0.1XX where XX
is the last two digits of the serial number.
Figure 22 Main Screen
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Figure 23 Woody Screen
Figure 24 - Ifconfig
To resume normal configured operation when Configuration is complete, switch Factory Default dip-switch on the 450U-E
to RUN and cycle power.
Note: Security Certificates. Configuration of the 450U-E uses an encrypted link (https). The security certificate used by
the 450U-E is issued by ELPRO and matches the IP address 192.168.0.100.
When you first connect to the 450U-E, your web browser will issue a warning that ELPRO is not a trusted authority.
Ignore this warning and proceed to the configuration web page.
Internet Explorer 7 has an additional address check on security certificates. Unless the 450U-E has the address
192.168.0.100, when you first connect to the 450U-E, Internet Explorer 7 will issue a warning about mismatched security
certificate address. You can turn off this behaviour in IE7 by selecting
Method 2 - Set 450U-E Network address to match the local network
For this method you will need to determine what IP address, Gateway address, and Netmask to assign to the 450U-E so
rrect settings for your network.
E.g.
If the default IP address of the 450U-E modem is 192.168.0.1 and the network you wish to connect to is on 10.10.0.X
(PC is on 10.10.0.5)
Once you have determined the corre s RS-232 serial port
using a straight through serial cable and a terminal package such as HyperTerminal set to 115,200 baud. 8 data bits, 1
stop bit, no Parity.
Open HyperTerminal
Set the SETUP/RUN switch to the SETUP position, and connect power to the modem.
Observe HyperTerminal and when you see the Woody screen (see below) press <Enter> to get the following
ion of the Ethernet port and from this you will be able to
see what the IP address is, e.g.
Temporarily change the IP address to something that will enable connection to your local network. E.g type
fconfig eth0 10.10.0.6 Netmask only add the Netmask if the Netmask is anything other than the
standard 255.255.255.0
temporary and if the module is reset they will go back to the normal default (192.168.0.XXX).
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Open Internet Explorer and ensure that settings will allow you to connect to the IP address selected. If the PC
uses a proxy server, ensure that Internet Explorer will bypass the Proxy Server for local addresses. This option
may be modified by opening Tools -> Internet Options -> Connections Tab -> LAN Settings->Proxy Server ->
bypass proxy for local addresses.
Enter the IP address for the 450U-E into the Internet Explorer Address bar e.g. http://10.10.0.6 which is the IP
address you temporarily configured with the ifconfig command.
You should now be connected to the main index page on the modem as per figure 1 above.
From here connect to the Network page and change the Ethernet Interface and Wireless Interface IP addresses
to 10.10.0.6 .
Note: As the modem can be setup numerous ways, e.g. Bridge, Router, etc this setup will allow the
modem to appear on the 10.10.0.X network. Any other configuration changes can be done after this
initial connection (see the following sections on configuration)
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Figure 25 Startup
Figure 26 Main Screen
Startup 3.3
When connecting to the module for the first time (new or factory defaulted module) you will see the above screen when
accessing its default IP address. You are required to enter a number of configuration parameters before the modems can
be used, these include Transmit and Receive Frequency as per the country regulation, Radio transmit power level,
Operating mode, System Address, Encryption and Network Settings.
This opening screen is essentially the Quick Start configuration screen without the right hand menu. See
below for parameter descriptions.
button to apply the configuration. When the modem has reset you
will be directed to the Main home screen as shown below.
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Quickstart 3.4
Figure 27 - Quick Start
The Quick Start Configuration option is designed to guide you through the configuration process with minimal effort. You
can access it any time by selecting it from the right hand menu. This is a simple first stage configuration tool that will guide
you through the configuration of the basic parameters that are needed to get a connection between two modules. For
most applications, no further configuration should be needed however if more advanced options are required the normal
configuration pages can be edited after the Quick Start configuration has been saved.
1.
Transmit Power Level - This allows adjustment of the radio power. Do not set the radio power above
the allowed setting for your country or radio license. You can reduce the power for short range
applications, or to allow the use of high gain transmitter antennas while still complying with the emission
requirements of your license. See Appendix C -
Transmit Data Rate - The 450U-E can be configured for different radio transmission rates. Note:
reducing the configured data rate may increases the reliable range of the module (transmission
distance).The radio baud rate in kilobits per second (kbps) for point to point radio transmissions. Select a
fixed rate for the radio to use from the drop down list. Selections available are 9600 and 19200 kbps for
wide band radios or 4800 & 9600 kbps for narrow band. The Transmit Data Rate only applies to the
Transmit messages as the radio can receive on either data rate.
Frequency Step Size - The Frequency Step size is the spacing between frequencies that you can select
when configuring the TX and RX frequencies. The steps sizes available are 5Khz or 6.25KHz.
Transmit Frequency - The Frequency that you wish to configure for the radio Transmitter. Frequency
selection will be in multiples of the frequency step configured in the previous parameter. E.g. 450.00500,
450.01000, 450.01500, 450.02000, etc. for 5Khz or 450.00625, 450.01250, 450.01875, 450.02500,
etc. for 6.25KHz frequency step size.
Receive Frequency - The Frequency that you wish to configure for the radio Receiver. Frequency
selection will be in multiples of the frequency step configured in the previous parameter. E.g. 450.00500,
450.01000, 450.01500, 450.02000, etc. for 5Khz or 450.00625, 450.01250, 450.01875, 450.02500,
etc. for 6.25KHz frequency step size.
Operating Mode - Used to select Access Point or Client. The default is set to Client.
System Address (ESSID) - A 450U-E wireless network comprises modules with the same "system
address is a text string 1 to 31 characters in length. Select a text string which identifies your system.
WPA Passphrase - It is assumed that WPA2-PSK (AES) Encryption will be used. Enter in the Encryption
key passphrase that you wish to use. ick Start has been
saved if a different Encryption Method is required. (See section below for details)
IP Address - The IP address of the 450U-E module.
Subnet Mask - The IP address of the 450U-E module.
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Default Gateway - This is the address that the device will use to forward messages to remote hosts that
are not connected to any of the local bridged network (Ethernet or Wireless). This is only required if the
wired LAN has a Gateway unit which connects to devices beyond the LAN - for example, Internet
access. If there is no Gateway on the LAN, set to the same address as the Access Point - that is, the
3.13 IP Routing r more information.
2. Save Changes and Reset
General Configuration 3.5
Connecting to Existing Networks.
When configured as a Bridge (default), the 450U-E will transmit all broadcast messages appearing at its wired Ethernet
port over the radio. As the modem has a low data throughput any unnecessary traffic being sent over the radio could
lower the available bandwidth which will compromise the reliability of the wireless link.
In many cases, the intended recipient of the broadcast traffic that is heard on the Ethernet port does not lie at the
opposite end of a proposed radio link. Therefore it is recommended that the radios be configured with some basic filtering
or be configured as a routing network to limit unnecessary broadcast traffic being sent over the radio. Refer to Section
3.14 Filtering this can be implemented.
A system of 450U-E
All 450U-E d Radio Encryption settings. For further information
and examples on wireless network topologies refer section 1.0 Network Topology
The 450U-E supports three different radio encryption methods, WEP128, WPA2-PSK and WPA Enterprise which can be
configured on the Security Page. The default encryption method is WPA2 and is setup during the Quickstart process by
simply entering a Password.
If utilising any form of encryption, all modules in the system will need the same encryption method and keys. It is advisable
to enter a new password and to not use the The available encryption methods are described in
detail in Section 3.8 Security Menu below.
Note: If making changes to a remote module via the radio link make sure all changes are compliant and accurate
before Changes and R
and will require a hard wire connection to change back.
You can view or modify any of the webpage configuration parameters by selecting the appropriate link from the right hand
menu. Wh user user
the factory default See section 4.10 Module Information Configuration
If you have forgotten the IP address or password, the Factory Default switch may be used to access the existing
configuration. Refer to Default Configuration 3.2 above for this procedure.
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