Driver solution for HybridPACKTM 2 IGBT modules with an electrical interface
Abstract
The 6SP0235T is a six-channel driver with an electrical interface. The driver is based on CONCEPT’s SCALE-2
chipset, a highly integrated technology for the reliable driving and safe operation of IGBTs.
TM
Perfectly matched driver versions are available for HybridPACK
of the driver allows immediate operation after mounting. The user needs invest no effort in designing or
adjusting it to a specific application.
2 IGBT modules. The plug-and-play capability
Fig. 1 6SP0235T soldered onto a HybridPACK
HybridPACK is a trademark of Infineon Technologies AG, Munich
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TM
2 IGBT module
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6SP0235T
Description and Application Manual
Contents
System Overview ........................................................................................................................... 4
The Six Steps to Success ................................................................................................................ 5
1. Choose a suitable driver ..................................................................................................... 5
2. Attach the drivers to the IGBT modules ............................................................................... 5
3. Connect the driver to the control elec tronics ........................................................................ 5
4. Select the operating mode .................................................................................................. 5
5. Check the driver function.................................................................................................... 5
6. Set up and test the power stack ......................................................................................... 6
The 6SP0235T are plug-and-play drivers based on the highly integrated SCALE-2 chipset developed by
CONCEPT /1/. This is a set of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) that cover the main range of
functions needed to design intelligent gate drivers. The SCALE-2 driver chipset is a further development of the
proven SCALE technology /2/.
The basic topology of the 6SP0235T driver is shown in Fig. 2. The values for the gate resistors and other key
components can be found in the specific datasheets for a given IGBT module /3/.
Vce
Monitoring
dvanced
ctive Clamping
Rg,on
Dz
+15V
urn-on Driver
Electrical
Interface X1
Rg,off
urn-off Driver
Vce
Monitoring
dvanced
ctive Clamping
Rg,on
urn-on Driver
Rg,off
urn-off Driver
NTC
Channel 2
Dz
+15V
Channel 1
Fig. 2 Basic schematic of the 6SP0235T driver (only one phase with corresponding NTC shown)
The driver contains all necessary components for optimal and safe driving of the relevant IGBT module:
smallest gate resistors in order to minimize switching losses, gate clamping, active-clamping diodes
(overvoltage protection at turn-off), Vce monitoring (short-circuit protection), short-pulse suppression as well
as the input electrical connector X1. Moreover, it includes components for setting the turn-off trip level, the
response time and the dead time between both channels in half-bridge mode. Its plug-and-play capability
means that it is ready to operate immediately after mounting. The user needs invest no effort in designing or
adjusting the driver to a specific application.
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The Six Steps to Success
The following steps point out the easy way to use 6SP0235T drivers in power converters:
1. Choose a suitable driver
When applying 6SP0235T drivers, you should note that they are specifically adapted to a particular type of
IGBT module.
The type designation of the driver consequently also includes a number corresponding to a specific IGBT
module (see “Ordering Information”).
These drivers are not valid for IGBT modules other than those specified. Incorrect use may result
in failure.
2. Attach the drivers to the IGBT modules
Any handling of IGBT modules or drivers is subject to the general
specifications for protecting electrostatic-sensitive devices according to
international standard IEC 60747-1, Chapter IX or European standard
EN 100015 (i.e. the workplace, tools, etc. must comply with these standards).
If these specifications are ignored, both IGBTs and drivers may be damaged.
The driver can be easily mounted onto an IGBT module by soldering and screwing the corresponding
terminals.
3. Connect the driver to the control electronics
Connect the driver plug X1 to your control electronics and supply the driver with a voltage of +15V.
4. Select the operating mode
The operating mode can be set with input MOD (interface X1: pin 17). For details, see page 11).
5. Check the driver function
Check the gate voltage: For the off-state, the nominal gate voltage is specified in the relevant data sheet /3/.
For the on-state, it is +15V. Also check the input current consumption of the driver without clock signals and
at the desired switching frequency.
These tests should be performed before installation, as the gate terminals may otherwise not be accessible.
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6SP0235T
Description and Application Manual
6. Set up and test the power stack
Before starting up the system, it is recommended that each IGBT module be checked separately under powercycling conditions. It is usually sufficient to apply the single or double-pulse technique. CONCEPT specially
recommends users to check that the IGBT modules switch inside the SOA in the worst case condition, as this
strongly depends on the specific converter construction.
Even if only single IGBTs are tested, all the system’s gate drivers must be supplied with energy.
All the other IGBTs are then kept in the off state by applying negative gate voltages. This is
particularly important when switching the IGBTs under test.
The short-circuit behavior can also be verified at this point.
The system is then ready to start under real-world load conditions. This allows the thermal behavior of the
whole arrangement to be determined.
The system must be re-qualified over the entire specified range of temperature and load conditions.
CAUTION: All handling with high voltages involves risk to life.
It is imperative to comply with the respective safety
regulations!
Mechanical Dimensions
Electrical connector X1: 1318853-3 from TYCO Electronics
Recommended cable connector: 1318917-1 with crimp contacts 1123343-1 from TYCO Electronics
Fig. 3 Mechanical dimensions of 6SP0235T
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6SP0235T
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Pin Designation of Connector X1
Fig. 4 Front view of connector X1
Pin Des. Function Pin Pin Des. Function Pin
1 VDC +15V for DC/DC converter
2 VDC +15V for DC/DC converter
3 SO1_1 Status output phase 1, low-side
4 SO2_1 Status output phase 1, high-side
5 GND Ground
6 SO1_2 Status output phase 2, low-side
7 SO2_2 Status output phase 2, high-side
8 GND Ground
9 SO1_3 Status output phase 3, low-side
10 SO2_3 Status output phase 3, high-side
11 NTC_2 NTC-thermistor phase 2
12 NTC_3 NTC-thermistor phase 3
13 VCC +15V for primary side electronics
14 GND Ground
15 INA_1 Signal input phase 1, low-side
16 INB_1 Signal input phase 1, high-side
17 MOD Mode selection (direct/half-bridge)
18 INA_2 Signal input phase 2, low-side
19 INB_2 Signal input phase 2, high-side
20 TB Blocking time
21 INA_3 Signal input phase 3, low-side
22 INB_3 Signal input phase 3, high-side
23 NTC_1 NTC-thermistor phase 1
24 NTC_C Common pin of NTC-thermistor
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6SP0235T
Description and Application Manual
Recommended Interface Circuitry for Connector X1
+15V
+5V...15V
Fault1_1
Fault2_1
Fault1_2
Fault2_2
Fault1_3
Fault2_3
PWM1_1
PWM2_1
MOD
PWM1_2
PWM2_2
PWM1_3
PWM2_3
Rb
R3R4
VDC
R5R6R1R2
VDC
SO1_1
SO2_1
GND
SO1_2
SO2_2
GND
SO1_3
SO2_3
NTC_2
NTC_3
VCC
GND
INA_1
INB_1
MOD
INA_2
INB_2
TB
INA_3
INB_3
NTC_1
NTC_C
The interface X1 of the driver 6SP0235T is very simple and easy to use.
The driver has the following terminals:
3 x power-supply terminals (but only one 15V power supply is needed)
6 x drive signal inputs
6 x status outputs (fault returns)
1 x mode selection (half-bridge mode / direct mode)
1 x input to set the blocking time
3 x NTC-thermistor outputs
The driver is equipped with a 24-pin interface connector.
All inputs are ESD-protected. Moreover, all digital inputs have Schmitt-trigger characteristics.
VCC terminal
The driver has one VCC terminals on the interface connector to supply the primary side electronics.
VDC terminal
The driver has two VDC terminals on the interface connector to supply the DC-DC converters for the
secondary sides.
As the driver can deliver a total power of 6 x 2W = 12W, the maximum input current drawn from the +15V
supply is approx. 1A (total for VDC and VCC terminals).
All VCC and VDC terminals must be connected to a single +15V power supply. The driver limits the inrush
current at startup, and no external current limitation of the voltage source for VDC is needed. VDC and VCC
terminals are split into separate pins only for testing.
MOD (mode selection)
The MOD input allows the operating mode to be selected.
Direct mode
If the MOD input is not connected (floating), or connected to VCC, direct mode is selected. In this mode, there
is no interdependence between the two channels of one phase. Input INA_x (x is the phase number and can
be equal to 1, 2 or 3) directly influences the low-side IGBT while INB_x influences the high-side IGBT of the
corresponding phase. High level at an input (INA_x or INB_x) always results in turn-on of the corresponding
IGBT. This mode should be selected only when the dead times are generated by the control circuitry so that
each IGBT receives its own drive signal.
Caution: Synchronous or overlapping timing of both switches of a half-bridge basically shorts the DC link.
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Half-bridge mode
If the MOD input is low level (connected to GND), half-bridge mode is selected. In this mode, the inputs INA_x
and INB_x have the following functions: INA_x is the drive signal input while INB_x acts as the enable input of
the corresponding phase (see Fig. 7).
When input INB_x is low level, both channels are blocked. If it goes high, both channels are enabled and
follow the signal on the input INA_x. At the transition of INA_x from low to high, high-side IGBT turns off
immediately and the low-side IGBT turns on after a dead time. The dead time is set by a resistor on the
6SP0235T.
INA_x
INB_x
Gate low-side
Gate high-side
Fig. 7 Signals in half-bridge mode
15V
0V
15V
0V
Both channels OFF
+15V
-10V
+15V
-10V
Dead time (both channels OFF)
INA_x, INB_x (channel drive inputs, e.g. PWM)
INA_x and INB_x are basically drive inputs, but their function depends on the MOD input (see above).
15V logic-level signals should be applied at INA_x and INB_x.
SO1_x, SO2_x (status outputs)
The outputs SOx_x have open-drain transistors. When no fault condition is detected, the outputs have high
impedance. An internal current source of 500A pulls the SOx_x outputs to a voltage of about 4V when leaved
open. When a fault condition is detected in a channel, the corresponding status output SOx_x goes to low
(connected to GND).
All SOx_x outputs can be connected together to provide a common fault signal. However, it is recommended
to evaluate the status signals individually to allow fast and precise fault diagnosis.
The maximum SOx_x current in a fault condition should not exceed the value specified in the driver data
sheets /3/.
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6SP0235T
Description and Application Manual
How the status information is processed
a) A fault on the secondary side (detection of short-circuit of IGBT module or supply undervoltage) is
transmitted to the corresponding SOx_x output immediately. The corresponding SOx_x output is
automatically reset (returning to the high impedance state) after the blocking time Tb has elapsed (read
the relevant data sheet for timing information /3/).
b) A supply undervoltage on the primary side is indicated to both SOx_x outputs of a same phase at the
same time. Both SOx_x outputs are automatically reset (returning to a high impedance state) when the
undervoltage on the primary side disappears (read the relevant data sheet for timing information /3/).
TB (input for adjusting the blocking time)
The terminal TB allows the factory-set blocking time to be reduced by connecting an external resistor to GND
(see Fig. 5). The following equation calculates the necessary resistor R
in order to define the desired blocking time Tb (typical value):
connected between pins TB and GND
b
][−
=Ω
kR
b
The blocking time can also be set to a minimum of 9µs by selecting Rb=0.
If not used, the input TB can be left open.
⋅+
−
][472574
msTb
][92
msTb
2.2
where 20ms<Tb<90ms
NTC terminals
The driver has three non-insulated NTC-thermistor outputs on the interface. They are each connected via a
series resistor of 20 to the NTC thermistors of the IGBT module. Every NTC-thermistor output is protected
with a 24V transient voltage suppressor diode according to Fig. 8. NTC_C is the common pin for the three
NTC-thermistors.
NTC_3
NTC_2
NTC_1
20
NTC_1
20
20
NTC_2
20
20
NTC_3
20
NTC_C
GND
Fig. 8 Connection of the NTC-thermistors to the connector X1
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How Do 6SP0235T SCALE-2 Drivers Work in Detail?
Overview
The 6SP0235T series of plug-and-play six-channel drivers are designed for HybridPACKTM 2 modules. All
drivers of the SCALE-2 driver family with an electrical interface are equipped with usual protection functions
such as Vce monitoring for short-circuit protection, operation inhibit after fault, supply-undervoltage shutdown
and status feedback.
Outstanding features of 6SP0235T SCALE-2 drivers are: compact size, simple mounting - directly onto the
IGBT module, advanced active-clamping function and short-pulse suppression. Active clamping describes an
active scheme designed to protect the IGBTs against overvoltage during turn-off. It is particularly relevant
when turning an IGBT off in cases of high DC-link voltage and collector current or short circuit.
Viso2
VDC
VCC
INA_1
INB_1
MOD
SO2_1
SO1_1
TB
GND
NTC_1
NTC_C
INA
INB
MOD
SOB
SOA
tb
NTC_1
VCC
LDI
Vss
GND
VCC
GND
TRPB
TRNB
DCDC1
DCDC2
TRPA
TRNA
VDC
GND
GNDGND
Isolation Barrier
COM2Viso2
COM1Viso1
INP
INN
INP
INN
Vdd
ActClamp
AUXGH
IGD
AUXGL
Vss
COM2
Viso1
Vdd
ActClamp
AUXGH
IGD
AUXGL
Vss
iVce
GH
GL
Vee
iVce
GH
GL
Vee
ref
ref
Rref
Rref
COM2
Viso2
COM2
COM1
Viso1
COM1
C2_1
Viso2
Rg,on
G2_1
Rg,off
Viso2
E2_1
COM2
Viso1
Rg,on
G1_1
Rg,off
Viso1
E1_1
COM1
COM1
Fig. 9 Block diagram of the 6SP0235T SCALE-2 driver (only phase 1 shown)
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6SP0235T
Description and Application Manual
Power supply and electrical isolation
The driver is equipped with a DC/DC converter to provide an electrically insulated power supply to the gate
driver circuitry. The signal isolation is realized with transformers. All transformers (DC/DC and signal
transformers) feature safe isolation to EN 50178 and IEC 60664-1, protection class II between primary side
and either secondary side (refer to the data sheets /3/).
Note that the driver needs a stabilized supply voltage.
Power-supply monitoring
The driver’s primary side as well as all secondary-side driver channels are equipped with a local undervoltage
monitoring circuit.
In case of a primary-side supply undervoltage, both IGBTs of a phase are driven with a negative gate voltage
to keep them in the off-state (both channels are blocked) and the fault is transmitted to both outputs SO1_x
and SO2_x until the fault disappears.
In case of a secondary-side supply undervoltage, the corresponding IGBT is driven with a negative gate
voltage to keep it in the off-state (the channel is blocked) and a fault condition is transmitted to the
corresponding SOx_x output. The SOx_x output is automatically reset (returning to a high impedance state)
after the blocking time.
Even in the case of a low power supply voltage, the driver provides a low-impedance path from the IGBT gate
to the emitter.
Within a half-bridge, it is advised not to operate the IGBTs with an IGBT driver in the event of a
low supply voltage. Otherwise, a high rate of increase of V
IGBTs.
may cause partial turn-on of these
ce
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6SP0235T
V
V
Target
Vce monitoring / short-circuit protection
Driver
Input
oltage
IGBT
Gate
oltage
IGBT
Collector
Voltage
15V
0V
+15V
0V
-10V
+Vdc
Vth
0V
Response time
Fig. 10 Turn-on characteristic of an IGBT
The basic V
6SP0235T SCALE-2 drivers is illustrated in Fig. 9.
The IGBT collector-emitter voltages are measured
with a resistor network. V
response time (see Fig. 10) at turn-on to detect a
short circuit. If this voltage is higher than the
programmed threshold Vth, the driver detects a
short circuit at the IGBT and signals it
immediately to the corresponding SOx_x output.
The corresponding IGBT is switched off. The
IGBT is kept off (non-conducting) and the fault is
shown at pin SOx_x as long as the blocking time
is active.
The blocking time is applied independently to
each channel. It starts when V
threshold of the V
Please read the relevant driver data sheet for
timing information /3/.
Note: The desaturation function is for short-
circuit detection only and cannot provide
overcurrent protection. However, overcurrent
detection has a lower time priority and can be
easily provided by the application.
monitoring circuit implemented in
ce
is checked after the
ce
exceeds the
ce
monitoring circuit.
ce
Dynamic behavior of IGBTs
The dynamic behavior of IGBT modules depends on the type and manufacturer due to the particular behavior
of the included IGBT and diode chips, the particular module construction and the distribution of internal gate
resistances and inductances. Note that different module types from the same manufacturer may also require a
specific gate-driver adaptation.
CONCEPT therefore supplies specific versions of SCALE-2 plug-and-play drivers adapted to the particular IGBT
module. These drivers must not be used with IGBT modules other than those for which they were
specified.
Turn-on of the IGBT / commutation of diode current
When a driver input goes high, the gate driver turns on the corresponding IGBT. The driver already includes
the gate resistors, which are matched to the relevant IGBT module.
The driver is optimized to achieve minimum switching losses for the case of relatively low inductances within
the power stack. It is recommended to check the commutation behavior within the final system assembly.
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6SP0235T
Description and Application Manual
Turn-off of the IGBT
The IGBT is turned off when the corresponding input turns low. The gate resistors are determined by
CONCEPT and must not be altered.
Fast turn-off of the IGBT may cause overvoltage, which increases with DC-link voltage or load current. The
turn-off overvoltage can be approximated by:
= -Ls * di/dt
V
tr
where V
Most competing drivers are unable to limit the overvoltage in case of overload or short circuit. However, this is
essential for high-power or high-voltage IGBTs. To solve this problem, SCALE-2 plug-and-play drivers provide
an advanced active-clamping function.
is the turn-off overvoltage and Ls the stray inductance.
tr
Advanced active clamping
Active clamping is a technique designed to partially turn on the IGBT in case the collector-emitter voltage
exceeds a predefined threshold. The IGBT is then kept in linear operation. The basic circuit for active clamping
can be found in /4/.
Basic active-clamping topologies implement a single feedback path from the IGBT’s collector through transient
voltage suppressor devices (TVS) to the IGBT gate. The 6SP0235T SCALE-2 drivers support CONCEPT’s
advanced active clamping based on this principle: when active clamping is activated, the turn-off MOSFET of
the driver is switched off in order to improve the effectiveness of the active clamping and to reduce the losses
in the TVS. This feature is mainly integrated in the secondary-side ASIC. The circuitry used is shown in Fig. 9.
Vce(max) = Vdc + Vtr
Lesr
Ls1
Id
D
Ls3
Ic
L
Vdc
Vce
Vtr
IL
Resr
+
C
Vdc
Current Sense
Ls4
Ic
Vce
Q
0
t
Vge
0
Driver
Ls2
Vge
t0 t1 t2 t3 t4
t5
t
Fig. 11 Test circuit (left) and typical switching behavior (right)
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Legend to Fig. 11
t0 = Initiation of the turn-off process
t1 = Start of turn-off time
t2 = Start of collector current fall time
t3 = Maximum collector voltage
t4 = IGBT is blocking, start of tail current
t5 = End of tail current
In comparison with other driving methods, active clamping allows enhanced utilization of the IGBT modules
during normal operation by increasing the switching speed and therefore reducing switching losses. The
overvoltage at fault-current turn-off is also managed by active clamping. For the maximum permitted DC-link
voltage, refer to the gate driver data sheets /3/.
Figure 12 shows an exemplary turn-off transition of an 800A/650V IGBT module controlled with a 6SP0235T
driver.
Fig. 12 Behavior of 800A/650V IGBT module turning off at a DC-link voltage of 435V a collector current of
1600A, which is twice the nominal collector current
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6SP0235T
Description and Application Manual
Parallel connection of 6SP0235T
The 6SP0235T are unsuitable for direct parallel connection, as the delay differences between drivers as well as
the jitter are too high due to the implemented short-pulse suppression.
Low-inductance layout
The active-clamping function should not lead anyone to forget about the inductances of the power stack. For
several reasons, it is still necessary to reduce the DC-link stray inductance to about 25nH with 6SP0235T plugand-play drivers.
Bibliography
/1/ “Smart Power Chip Tuning”, Bodo’s Power Systems, May 2007
/2/ “Description and Application Manual for SCALE Drivers”, CONCEPT
/3/ Data sheets SCALE-2 plug-and-play driver 6SP0235Txxx-xxx, CONCEPT
/4/ “Driver Solutions for High-Voltage IGBTs”, PCIM Europe Magazine, April 2002
Note: These documents are available on the Internet at www.IGBT-Driver.com/go/papers
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The Information Source: SCALE-2 Driver Data Sheets
CONCEPT offers the widest selection of gate drivers for power MOSFETs and IGBTs for almost any application
needs. The largest website on gate-drive circuitry anywhere contains all data sheets, application notes and
manuals, technical information and support sections: www.IGBT-Driver.com
Quite Special: Customized SCALE-2 Drivers
If you need an IGBT driver that is not included in the delivery range, please don’t hesitate to contact CONCEPT
or your CONCEPT sales partner.
CONCEPT has more than 20 years experience in the development and manufacture of intelligent gate drivers
for power MOSFETs and IGBTs and has already implemented a large number of customized solutions.
Technical Support
CONCEPT provides expert help with your questions and problems:
www.IGBT-Driver.com/go/support
Quality
The obligation to high quality is one of the central features laid down in the mission statement of CT-Concept
Technologie AG. The quality management system covers all stages of product development and production up
to delivery. The drivers of the SCALE-2 series are manufactured to the ISO9001:2000 quality standard.
Legal Disclaimer
This data sheet specifies devices but cannot promise to deliver any specific characteristics. No warranty or
guarantee is given – either expressly or implicitly – regarding delivery, performance or suitability.
CT-Concept Technologie AG reserves the right to make modifications to its technical data and product
specifications at any time without prior notice. The general terms and conditions of delivery of CT-Concept
Technologie AG apply.
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6SP0235T
Description and Application Manual
Ordering Information
See the current list on www.IGBT-Driver.com/go/6SP0235T
Refer to www.IGBT-Driver.com/go/nomenclature for information on driver nomenclature
The general terms and conditions of delivery of CT-Concept Technologie AG apply.
Information about Other Products
For drivers adapted to other high-voltage or high-power IGBT modules
Direct link: www.IGBT-Driver.com/go/plug-and-play
For other drivers, evaluation systems product documentation and application support
Please click onto: www.IGBT-Driver.com
Manufacturer
CT-Concept Technologie AG
Intelligent Power Electronics
Renferstrasse 15
CH-2504 Biel-Bienne
Switzerland