Comtech EF Data SLM-5650A User Manual

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Comtech EF Data is a n

AS9100 Rev B / ISO9001:2000 Registered Company

Vipersat

SLM-5650A

Satellite Network Modem Router

User Guide

MN-0000035 Revision 5

Vipersat SLM-5650A

Satellite Network Modem Router

User Guide

Part number MN-0000035

Document Revision 5

Firmware Version 1.9.1

April 8, 2011

COMTECH EF DATA

VIPERSAT Network Products Group

3215 Skyway Court Fremont, CA 94539 USA

Phone: (510) 252-1462 Fax: (510) 252-1695 www.comtechefdata.com

Part Number MN-0000035 Manual Revision 5

reproduced without prior written permission of Comtech EF Data, Inc. IMPORTANT NOTE: The information contained in this document supersedes all previously

published information regarding this product. Product specifications are subject to change without prior notice.

Comtech reserves the right to revise this publication at any time without obligation to provide notification of such revision. Comtech periodically revises and improves its products and, therefore, the information in this document is subject to change without prior notice. Comtech makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including but not limited to the implied warranties of mechantability and fitness for a particular purpose. No responsibility for any errors or omissions that may pertain to the material herein is assumed. Comtech makes no commitment to update nor to keep current the information contained in this document.

All products, names, and services are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.

Printed in the United States of America

Document Revision History

Revision Date Description

0 1/16/08 Preliminary Release 2.0.x

1 6/30/08 Update content to reflect NP v1.3.2

2 8/29/08 Update content to reflect NP v1.4.1

3 10/24/08 Update content to reflect NP v1.5.1

4 4/20/09 Update content to reflect NP v1.6.1

5 4/08/11 Update content to reflect NP v1.9.1

New Features: Satellite Roaming (SOTM); IGMP Multicast Routing; BPM Routing Mode; Multi-TDM Tunneling; STDMA Power Hunt.

{ This Page is Intentionally Blank }

Table of Contents

Chapter 1

General

How to Use This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

Manual Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

Chapter 1 — General . . . . . . . . . 1-1

Chapter 2 — Quick Start Configuration 1-1 Chapter 3 — Using the Web Server

Interface (WSI) . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Appendix A — Network Addressing . . 1-2 Appendix B — Automatic Switching . . 1-2 Appendix C — Dynamic Power Control1-2

Appendix D — Glossary . . . . . . . . 1-2

Conventions and References . . . . . . . . 1-2

Product Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

Modem Features . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

Router Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

Network and Bandwidth Management. . 1-5

Dynamic SCPC (dSCPC) . . . . . . . . 1-5

Turbo Product Coding . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

New in this Revision . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6

v1.7.1 Release. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

Dynamic Routing via OSPF . . . . . . . 1-6

DPC Calibration for Maximum Power . . 1-6

LAN Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . .1-6

Flow Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

Proxy ARP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

VLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

v1.8.1 Release. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

Acquisition Mode . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

v1.9.1 Release. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

Satellite Roaming (SOTM) . . . . . . 1-7

IGMP Multicast Routing . . . . . . . . 1-7

Bridged Point-to-Multipoint (BPM) Routing

Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

Multi-TDM Tunneling Mode . . . . . . 1-8

STDMA Power Hunt . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

Customer Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9

Contact Information . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9

Return Material Authorization . . . . . . 1-9

Reader Comments / Corrections . . . . 1-9

Chapter 2

Quick Start Configuration

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Initial Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

LAN Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Network Role . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Setting Vipersat SLM-5650A Operating

Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Verify/Enter FAST Feature . . . . . . . 2-4

Set the Vipersat Working Mode . . . . 2-5

Set the IP Addressing . . . . . . . . . 2-7

Configure the Route Table . . . . . . . 2-8

Routing in a Vipersat Network. . . . . 2-8

Creating the Static Routes . . . . . . 2-9

Dynamic Routing with OSPF . . . . 2-10

Multicast Routing with IGMP . . . . 2-11

Set the Satellite Modem Configuration 2-11

Set the Vipersat Configuration . . . . 2-13

Set the Home State . . . . . . . . . . 2-15

Chapter 3

Using the Web Server Interface (WSI)

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Menu Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Main Menu Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Common Menu Commands . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Save Parameters to Permanent Storage 3-4

Log Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Vipersat Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Routing Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

FAST Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

Vipersat Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Vipersat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Vipersat Role . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

Node Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

Network ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

Receive Multicast Address . . . . . . 3-11

Managing IP Address . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Heart Beat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Management Security . . . . . . . . 3-12

SOTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

ToC i

STDMA Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13

Allocation Method . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14

1 – Fixed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

2 – Dynamic Slot . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

3 – Dynamic Cycle . . . . . . . . . 3-15

4 – GIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

5 – Entry Channel . . . . . . . . . . 3-16

Acquisition Mode . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17

Group ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17

Cycles Per Burst Map . . . . . . . . . 3-18

Preamble Time . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19

Guard Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19

Slot Data Length . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19

Burstmap Multicast IP . . . . . . . . . 3-20

Power Hunt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21

Outbound IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21

Automatic Remote Removal . . . . . 3-22

Remote List Table . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23

Add Remote to STDMA Group . . . 3-24

Set Remote Policies—GIR and ECM 3-25

GIR Remotes . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25

ECM Remotes . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25

Remove Remote from STDMA Group .

3-25

Enable/Disable Remote . . . . . . . 3-26

STDMA Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26

STDMA Hub Statistics . . . . . . . . . 3-27

STDMA Remote Statistics . . . . . . . 3-28

Vipersat Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28

Load Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30

STDMA Slot Capacity . . . . . . . . . 3-31

STDMA Switch Delay . . . . . . . . . 3-31

Percent Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32

SCPC Step Up Threshold . . . . . . . 3-32

SCPC Step Down Threshold . . . . . 3-32

SCPC Switch Delay . . . . . . . . . . 3-33

SCPC Step Up Excess . . . . . . . . 3-33

Dynamic Power Control Configuration . . 3-34

Dynamic Power Control . . . . . . . . 3-35

Target Eb/No . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-35

Speed-Up Eb/No . . . . . . . . . . . 3-36

Target IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . 3-36

Maximum Power . . . . . . . . . . . 3-36

Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-37

Max Data Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-37

Max Code Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-37

Max Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-37

Home State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-38

Set Current Configuration as Home State .

3-39

Force Modem to Home State . . . . . 3-39

Additional Routing Configuration . . . . . . . 3-40

Dynamic Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-40

OSPF Timeout Description . . . . . 3-43

Multicast Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-44

Appendix A

Network Addressing

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

The OSI Reference Model . . . . . . . . . . A-2

Layers 1 – 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2

Binary Math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4

IP Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6

IP Address Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6

Class A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6

Class B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6

Class C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7

Class D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7

Class E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-8

Private Network IP Addresses . . . . . A-8

Network Address Translation (NAT). . . A-8

Subnets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-8

Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-9

Network Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . A-10

Default Gateways . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-11

MAC Addresses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-11

Appendix B

Automatic Switching

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1

Load Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3

Bandwidth Allocation and Load Switching by

the Hub STDMA Burst Controller . . . B-4

Load Switching—STDMA Hub . . . . . . . B-7

Hub Switching Parameters . . . . . . . B-7

Hub Switching Process . . . . . . . . . B-8

Load Switching—Remote . . . . . . . . . . B-9

Remote Switching Parameters . . . . . B-9

Determination for Switching . . . . . . B-10

Load Switch Example . . . . . . . . . . . B-10

Reduced Data Flow in Switched Mode

(SCPC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-12

ToS Switching. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-13

ii Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

ToS Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-13

Detection of ToS Stamped Packets . . B-14

Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-15

Example Implementations . . . . . . . . . B-16

ToS Switching Per Device . . . . . . . B-16

ToS Switching Per Traffic Type . . . . B-16

ToS Remarking . . . . . . . . . . . . B-17

ToS to DSCP Value Conversions . . . B-17 Mesh Setup Based on ToS Detection . B-18

Entry Channel Mode (ECM) Switching . . . . B-20

Fail-Safe Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . B-20

Appendix C

Dynamic Power Control

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3

BER Waterfall Mapping . . . . . . . . .C-3

Delta Power Compensation . . . . . . .C-3

Theory of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-4

Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7

Main DPC Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-9

Enable DPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-10

Target Eb/No . . . . . . . . . . . . C-10

Speed Up Eb/No Range. . . . . . . C-11

Target DPC (IP) Address . . . . . . C-11

Calculate Max Power Menu . . . . . . . . C-11

Calibrated Data Rate . . . . . . . . C-13

DPC Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-13

Nominal Power Level . . . . . . . . C-13

Max Data Rate . . . . . . . . . . . C-13

Max Code Rate . . . . . . . . . . . C-13

Max Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . C-13

Max FEC Type . . . . . . . . . . . C-13

Calculate Max Power . . . . . . . . C-13

Max Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-14

Signal Power Level Considerations . . . . . . C-15

Power Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . C-16

Cabling Considerations . . . . . . . . . . C-16

Appendix D

Glossary

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1

Index

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index-1

ToC iii

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iv Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

List of Figures

Chapter 1 Figures

Figure 1-1 SLM-5650A Modem Router Unit . . . 1-4

Chapter 2 Figures

Figure 2-1 NP Splash Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Figure 2-2 FAST Features Page . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Figure 2-3 Front Panel, SLM-5650A Modem . . 2-5

Figure 2-4 Vipersat Working Mode Page . . . . . 2-6

Figure 2-5 LAN Interface Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

Figure 2-6 Routes Table Page (Hub) . . . . . . . 2-10

Figure 2-7 Transmit Configuration Frame (Hub) .

2-11

Figure 2-8 Receive Configuration Frame (Hub) . .

2-12 Figure 2-9 Vipersat Configuration Page (Hub)2-13 Figure 2-10 Home State Configuration Page . 2-15

Chapter 3 Figures

Figure 3-1 Network Processor Splashscreen . . 3-2

Figure 3-2 Main Menu Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Figure 3-3 Save Configuration Command . . . . 3-4

Figure 3-4 NP Logoff Command. . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Figure 3-5 Home Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Figure 3-6 Working Mode Page . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

Figure 3-7 FAST Features Page . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

Figure 3-8 Front Panel, SLM-5650A Modem . . 3-8 Figure 3-9 Vipersat Configuration Page (Hub) . 3-9 Figure 3-10 . Figure 3-10 Vipersat Configuration

Page (Remote) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

Figure 3-11 Disable SOTM for Remote . . . . . 3-12

Figure 3-12 STDMA Page (Hub, Dynamic Cycle

mode). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13

Figure 3-13 STDMA Page (Remote) . . . . . . . 3-14

Figure 3-14 Hub Type Allocation Menu . . . . . 3-15

Figure 3-15 Hub STDMA Acquisition Mode . . 3-17

Figure 3-16 Group ID field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18

Figure 3-17 Cycles Per Burst Map field . . . . . 3-18

Figure 3-18 Slot Preamble Time display . . . . 3-19

Figure 3-19 Slot Guardband field . . . . . . . . . . 3-19

Figure 3-20 Slot Data Length (Dynamic Cycle)3-20

Figure 3-21 Burstmap Multicast IP field . . . . . 3-20

Figure 3-22 Power Hunt field . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-21

Figure 3-23 Outbound IP field. . . . . . . . . . . . .3-22

Figure 3-24 Automatic Remote Removal . . . . 3-22

Figure 3-25 STDMA Remote List Table. . . . . 3-23

Figure 3-26 Remote List Table, GIR Hub . . . .3-24

Figure 3-27 Remote List Table, ECM Hub . . . 3-24

Figure 3-28 Delete Table Entry field . . . . . . . . 3-26

Figure 3-29 Remote Status selection . . . . . . . 3-26

Figure 3-30 STDMA Hub Statistics Page . . . .3-27

Figure 3-31 STDMA Remote Statistics Page .3-28

Figure 3-32 Switching Page (Hub) . . . . . . . . . 3-29

Figure 3-33 Switching Page (Remote) . . . . . . 3-30

Figure 3-34 STDMA Slot Capacity field . . . . .3-31

Figure 3-35 STDMA Switch Delay field . . . . .3-31

Figure 3-36 Percent Allocation field . . . . . . . .3-32

Figure 3-37 SCPC Step Up Threshold field . . 3-32 Figure 3-38 SCPC Step Down Threshold field3-33

Figure 3-39 SCPC Switch Delay field . . . . . . . 3-33

Figure 3-40 SCPC Step Up Excess field . . . .3-33

Figure 3-41 DPC Configuration (Hub & Remote) .

3-34

Figure 3-42 DPC Configuration (Hub Expansion

Demod) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-35

Figure 3-43 Home State Configuration Page .3-38

Figure 3-44 OSPF Parameters Page . . . . . . .3-41

Figure 3-45 IGMP Parameters Page . . . . . . .3-44

Appendix A Figures

Figure A-1 The Seven OSI Protocol Layers . . A-2

Figure A-2 Bits and Bytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4

Figure A-3 Binary to Decimal Conversion. . . . A-4

Figure A-4 IP Address Classes A, B, C . . . . . A-7

Figure A-5 NAT Router Example . . . . . . . . . . A-8

Figure A-6 Default Subnet Masks for IP Classes .

A-9 Figure A-7 ANDing an IP address and a subnet

mask. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-10

Figure A-8 Network Segments . . . . . . . . . . . A-10

Figure A-9 Router as Default Gateway. . . . . A-11

Figure A-10 Network Node MAC Addresses A-12

LoF v

Appendix B Figures

Appendix C Figures

Figure B-1 Hub Load Switching Page . . . . . . .B-7

Figure B-2 Remote Load Switching Page . . . .B-9

Figure B-3 Load Switching diagram . . . . . . . .B-11

Figure B-4 ToS Field Location within the IP Header

B-13

Figure B-5 Remote ToS Switching menu . . . .B-15

Figure B-6 Per Device ToS Switching Example . .

B-16 Figure B-7 Per Type ToS Switching Example B-16

Figure B-8 ToS Remarking Application . . . . .B-17

Figure B-9 ToS and DSCP Conversion Chart B-18 Figure B-10 ECM Switch Recovery: < 3 minutes .

B-21 Figure B-11 ECM Switch Recovery: > 3 minutes .

B-22

Figure C-1 Data Rate to Power Relationship, DPC

C-5 Figure C-2 Excessive Max Power Example . . C-6 Figure C-3 DPC Configuration screen, CLI . . C-9 Figure C-4 DPC dialog, Parameter Editor . . C-10 Figure C-5 DPC Calculate Max Power screen, CLI

C-12 Figure C-6 DPC Calibration dialog, Parameter

Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-12

Figure C-7 Signal Power Levels, Remote SiteC-15

vi Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Chapter 2 Tables

Table 2-1 SLM-5650A Network Roles and

Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Table 2-2 Vipersat Feature Configuration . . . . 2-6

Appendix B Tables

Table B-1 STDMA ACK Message . . . . . . . . . .B-5

Table B-2 ToS Switching Settings . . . . . . . . .B-15

Appendix C Tables

Table C-1 DPC Parameters, Main Menu . . . . .C-7

Table C-2 DPC Parameters, Calculate Max Power

Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-8

Table C-3 Typical Coaxial Cable Characteristics .

C-17

List of Tables

LoT vii

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viii Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

GENERAL

How to Use This Manual

This manual documents the enhanced Vipersat features and functions of the SLM-5650A Satellite Network Modem Router, and guides the user in how to configure this product for use in a Vipersat network. The material covered addresses only those areas specific to an SLM-5650A running in Vipersat mode, and complements the universal features and functions described in the SLM-5650A Installation and Operation Manual.

HAPTER

Earth station engineers, technicians, and operators responsible for the configuration and maintenance of the SLM-5650A are the intended audience for this document.

Manual Organization

This User Guide is organized into the following sections:

Chapter 1 — General

Contains SLM-5650A product description, customer support information, and manual conventions and references.

Chapter 2 — Quick Start Configuration

Covers the initial basic steps that are necessary for configuring the SLM-5650A from a factory default state to a functional network element.

Chapter 1 - General 1-1

How to Use This Manual

NOTE

Chapter 3 — Using the Web Server Interface (WSI)

Describes the use of the Web Page for configuring and monitoring the SLM5650A in a Vipersat network. Each HTTP screen is presented along with a detailed description and related commands.

Appendix A — Network Addressing

Supplemental reference information on binary math and network addressing to assist with integrating the SLM-5650A into a Vipersat network.

Appendix B — Automatic Switching

Supplemental reference information on the Vipersat feature that provides Load switching (response to network traffic load), and Entry Channel Mode switching functions.

Appendix C — Dynamic Power Control

A description of Vipersat’s DPC and its relationship to a SLM-5650A configuration.

Appendix D — Glossary

A glossary of terms that pertain to Vipersat satellite network technology.

Conventions and References

The following conventions are utilized in this manual to assist the reader:

Note: Provides important information relevant to the accompanying

text.

Tip: Provides complementary information that facilitates the

associated actions or instructions.

Caution: Explanatory text that notifies the reader of possible

consequences of an action.

Warning: Provides precautionary text that describes a potentially

hazardous situation. Failure to take or avoid a specified action may result in damage to equipment.

1-2 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

How to Use This Manual

The following documents are referenced in this manual, and provide supplementary information for the reader:

• SLM-5650A Satellite Modem Installation and Operation Manual (Part Number MN-SLM5650A)

• Vipersat Management System User Guide (Part Number MN/22156)

• VLoad Utility User Guide (Part Number MN/22117)

• SLM-5650A Parameter Editor User Guide (Part Number MN-0000041)

Chapter 1 - General 1-3

Product Description

Introduction

The Vipersat SLM-5650A Satellite Network Modem Router offers state of the art performance and reliability in a sophisticated and cost-effective 1RU package. The SLM-5650A integrates router functionality into the modem, completely eliminating external serial port cabling, and allowing connection of a four port 10/100/1000Base-T LAN switch directly to the modem.

Figure 1-1

The SLM-5650A integrated modem/router and communications controller operates as a Hub or Remote utilizing TDM/STDMA, SCPC, and IP circuit switched management, offering flexibility and control of private satellite networks. The SLM-5650A is designed to connect low- to high-speed data link connections between Ethernet LAN to WAN networks, providing a variety of communications services to Operators, Service Providers, and Enterprise Users. The benefit of this architecture yields seamless bandwidth management-ondemand, while simplifying network capacity needs.

SLM-5650A Modem Router Unit

Modem Features

• 52–88 MHz, 104–176 MHz IF Range or 950–2000 MHz L-Band Range

• BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK, 8-PSK, or 16-QAM Operation

• Data Rate Range from 64 kbps up to 155 Mbps, depending on modulation

and FEC used {with FAST feature upgrade}

• Turbo Product Coding (TPC) FEC

• Fast Acquisition Demodulator

• Variable Bit Rate (to 1 bps)

• Plug-in Data interface supporting the optional Network Processor (NP)

module

• Programmable TDM/STDMA or dSCPC (dynamic SCPC) Access Control

1-4 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Product Description

Router Features

• Fully Integrated Network Management using Vipersat Management System (VMS)

• Management Security {FAST option}

• Multi-Transponder Mode (MTM) Functions

• Dynamic Power Control (DPC) for Environment or Mesh Links

• Upstream Bandwidth Management for Load, Scheduled, and Manual

Switching

• Dynamic SCPC (dSCPC) Bandwidth-On-Demand

• Satellite Roaming (SOTM)

• Antenna Handover {FAST option}

• Four Port 10/100/1000BaseT Ethernet LAN/WAN Interface

• Router and Bridged Point-to-Multipoint (BPM) Modes {FAST option}

• Per Route IP Filtering

• Multi-Protocol Support

• Software Version Management via WEB, FTP, or VLoad

Network and Bandwidth Management

The Vipersat network solution integrates this advanced modem/router with the powerful network management tool, the Vipersat Management System (VMS). The VMS provides for traditional monitor and control of the SLM-5650A modem, but more than just an M&C package, the VMS offers unique bandwidth management that is ideal for IP-switched networks. Short data transfers are typically executed using a shared Selective Time Division Multiple Access (STDMA) channel, and when large amounts of data transfer, voice, and/or video communications are needed, modems can be automatically switched to a dedicated SCPC channel.

Dynamic SCPC (dSCPC)

The VMS allows for dynamic point-to-point mesh connections to be established between remotes. Traffic inbounds from remotes can be switched: manually or automatically, load triggered, or scheduled, from shared STDMA (burst) mode to a dedicated SCPC connection. Once the session is completed, the remote is automatically switched back to shared mode.

While in SCPC mode, the VMS provides for dynamic bandwidth allocation, automatically altering the bandwidth based on traffic conditions. This effec-

Chapter 1 - General 1-5

Product Description

tively enables the network to better handle connection oriented applications and reduce network congestion, jitter, and latency.

The result is an economical and flexible network with bandwidth shared and directed where it is needed for any mix of IP voice, video, and data traffic.

Turbo Product Coding

The Comtech Vipersat SLM-5650A incorporates a Turbo Product Codec (TPC). TPC is an FEC technique that delivers significant performance improvement when compared to Viterbi with concatenated Reed-Solomon. TPC simultaneously offers increased coding gain, lower decoding delay, and significant bandwidth savings.

New in this Revision

v1.7.1 Release

Dynamic Routing via OSPF

The Vipersat OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) feature in the Comtech SLM-5650A modem/router provides for dynamic routing functionality. Route changes from the Hub are broadcast to the Remotes via a dedicated WAN-toWAN multicast address. Route changes from a Remote are unicast to the Hub. Static routes that are manually entered into the route table by the operator are separate from these dynamic routes and are not managed as part of the OSPF system.

DPC Calibration for Maximum Power

New controls relating to the calibration of the power control function—link

Margin and maximum transmission parameters (Maximum Data Rate, Maxi- mum Modulation Type, and Maximum Coding Rate)—can now be specified by

the operator for site link budget calculation of the DPC Maximum Power value. These numbers are applied to compensate and limit modulator output power for a modem unit.

LAN Enhancements

Flow Control

Ethernet Flow Control can be implemented to manage limited network bandwidth and/or data rate send/receive disparities. The SLM-5650A NP interface

1-6 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Product Description

monitors the QoS queue depths and determines when to send the PAUSE frames (IEEE 802.3) for management of data flow traffic.

Proxy ARP

The Proxy ARP feature activates the SLM-5650A to perform as the proxy between the LAN and the satellite WAN and answer the ARP queries for a network address that is not on the given network.

VLAN

The Port VLAN feature allows one of the four available Ethernet ports on the SLM-5650A to be assigned for use by a specific VLAN, independent of the user or system that is attached to the port.

v1.8.1 Release

Acquisition Mode

The SLM-5650A modem/router now offers two modes of choice for the Hub Burst Controller to obtain acquisition of—detect and lock onto—the burst transmission from each Remote in the group: Standard and Long. Standard mode uses an uncoded preamble signature and results in a shorter preamble time. Long mode uses a combination of uncoded and coded portions of the signature that provides additional reliability, but results in a longer preamble time.

v1.9.1 Release

Satellite Roaming (SOTM)

The SLM-5650A modem/router now supports Satellite Roaming, allowing automatic network transitioning between multiple Hubs and/or satellites without operator intervention. The roaming feature requires the support of the Roaming Oceanic Satellite Server (ROSS) to help process commands and information onboard the vessel.

IGMP Multicast Routing

The SLM-5650A is capable of performing as an IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) multicast router to support IP network hosts that require management of their dynamic multicast group memberships on a given network.

Chapter 1 - General 1-7

Product Description

Bridged Point-to-Multipoint (BPM) Routing Mode

Another option for Vipersat networks is the BPM routing mode that offers additional flexibility and scalability of the satellite network by providing a combination of routing and bridging functions. Note that this option is only available if the NP BPM FAST feature has been installed on the modem/router.

Multi-TDM Tunneling Mode

STDMA Power Hunt

Power Hunt is a transmission power control feature for the Remote modulator that functions while the Remote is in STDMA mode. This parameter provides compensation for instances when the initial (baseline) power value is insufficient or during periods of impaired transmission, and assists in maintaining return link integrity.

1-8 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Customer Support

Contact Information

Contact Comtech Vipersat Network Products Customer Support for information or assistance with product support, service, or training on any Vipersat product.

Mail:Attn: CTAC

Phone: 1+510-252-1462

Fax: 1+510-252-1695

Customer Support

Comtech EF Data – Vipersat Network Products 3215 Skyway Court Fremont, CA 94539 USA

Email:

Web: www.comtechefdata.com

supportcvni@comtechefdata.com

Return Material Authorization

Any equipment returned to CEFD (in-warranty and out-of-warranty) must have a Return Material Authorization (RMA) issued prior to return. To return a Comtech Vipersat Networks Product for repair or replacement:

• Obtain an RMA form and number from either the CEFD Web Site, or via phone from a CTAC representative.

• Be prepared to supply the product model number and serial number of the unit.

• To ensure safe shipping of the product, pack the equipment in the original shipping carton/packaging.

Reader Comments / Corrections

If the reader would like to submit any comments or corrections regarding this manual and its contents, please forward them to a Vipersat Customer Support representative. All input is appreciated.

Chapter 1 - General 1-9

Customer Support

{ This Page is Intentionally Blank }

1-10 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

QUICK START CONFIGURATION

NOTE

Introduction

This chapter describes the minimum configuration of an SLM-5650A Network Processor that is necessary in order for the equipment to function in a Vipersat network.

The CEFD SLM-5650A stores its configuration in an ASCII file named the

PARAM file. Equipment configuration is typically performed through the use of

the Web Server Interface (WSI) providing HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), particularly the initial configuration. This configuration method is documented here. Alternatively, the Command Line Interface (CLI) can be used for configuration. Once the equipment is functioning in the network, additional configuration can be performed via the VMS.

HAPTER

Refer to Chapter 3, "Using the Web Server Interface (WSI)," for a more detailed description on the usage of this feature.

This manual covers the configuration specifics of the SLM-5650A when used in a Vipersat network. Refer to the SLM-5650A Installation and Operation Manual (Part Number MN-0000031) for general instruction on setting up, installing, and configuring this equipment.

Note: Before attempting to configure an SLM-5650A to be used in a Vipersat

Caution: Do not connect the TX cable until the modem is properly configured,

Chapter 2 - Quick Start Configuration 2-1

network, make certain it has the Vipersat option installed and enabled.

and the Home State is verified and Saved.

Initial Configuration

NOTE

Initial Configuration

Note: Many of the settings required for equipment configuration are based on

the LAN/WAN and Satellite network design, and should be obtained from the network administrator.

LAN Connection

For the purposes of this user guide, the configuration procedures are performed using the WSI from a workstation connected to the modem’s Network Processor (NP) via a LAN connection to one of the five available Ethernet ports:

• When operating as Router, the LAN connection should be to one of the four traffic switched Ethernet ports (1–4) on the NP card.

• When operating as BPM, connect to the J5 Ethernet port on the base modem.

A web browser (e.g., Internet Explorer >

7.0, or Firefox > 2.0) provides the application interface. Alternatively, other connection methods, as described in the SLM-5650A Installation and Operation Manual, may be used to perform the configuration.

Make a web connection by entering the target SLM-5650A NP IP address into the browser address field. The factory default IP address for a Vipersat-enabled unit is

192.168.1.177/24. Once a web connection has been made, the SLM-

5650A will respond with a Login prompt. The factory defaults are:

Following the operator login, the Network Processor web page splash screen is displayed, as shown in figure 2-1. Across the top of the page, the Main Menu bar is displayed.

2-2 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Initial Configuration

Figure 2-1

NP Splash Screen

Network Role

The first and most important step prior to configuring the SLM-5650A is to define its network role.

The SLM-5650A is a flexible network component able to perform different functions depending on how it is used in a network. The role that is defined for each SLM-5650A will determine what functions are available for each unit to fill its role. Table 2-1 lists the network roles and the corresponding network functions for which the SLM-5650A can be configured.

Table 2-1

Network Role / Function Hub Remote Expansion

Hub Burst Controller providing STDMA Timing Maps X Hub SCPC Modem X Hub Switched Demodulator X X Remote STDMA Modem X Remote SCPC Modem X Remote Mesh Demodulator (SHOD) X X

SLM-5650A Network Roles and Functions

Chapter 2 - Quick Start Configuration 2-3

Initial Configuration

The procedure for setting the modem configuration to match the defined network role is presented later in this Quick Start (“Set the Vipersat Working Mode” on page 2-5).

Refer to the section “Vipersat Mode” on page 3-5 for additional details on the SLM-5650A’s network role and setting the appropriate Vipersat Working Mode.

Setting Vipersat SLM-5650A Operating Parameters

The following procedure is an example of using the WSI to bring an SLM-5650A with factory default settings to the configuration which allows the Vipersat functions to be accessible.

Verify/Enter FAST Feature

1. From the Admin submenu, select FAST Features, as shown in figure 2-2.

2. Verify whether or not the Vipersat FAST Feature is

Installed (as shown).

The feature codes are entered per customer order prior to shipment from the factory; however, if the feature displays as

Not Installed, an updated

FAST code will have to be re-entered to enable the Vipersat features.

Figure 2-2

FAST Features Page

2-4 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Initial Configuration

The FAST Feature codes are entered using the front panel of the modem (figure 2-3). With the keypad, select

Utility -> FAST -> Configuration -> Enter NP Code.

Enter the provided 20 digit code.

Figure 2-3

Tip: The network administrator will have the FAST Feature codes. These are

generated and stored by the unit serial number for the target SLM-5650A. The target unit’s serial number can be found on the rear of the unit chassis, or on the FAST code menu.

Caution: Upgraging the FAST features will cause a modem reboot and

reconfiguration of all modem parameters.

Front Panel, SLM-5650A Modem

Set the Vipersat Working Mode

The operating parameters that will be configured in the SLM-5650A are, in part, determined by the role the modem is to fill in the network, as shown in table 2-1 and table 2-2.

Use the following procedure to configure an SLM-5650A to the network role it is to fill in a Vipersat network.

1. Return to the Admin submenu and select Vipersat Mode (figure 2-4).

2. Select the designated Mode by clicking on the corresponding radio button,

then click on the Submit button.

This will set the modem functionality to reflect the selection.

Expansion Unit When configured as an expansion unit, either as a Hub (switched) or as a Remote (mesh), the SLM-5650A is set up so that the demod is in SCPC mode and available as a resource for dedicated communications with the other end of the satellite link.

Chapter 2 - Quick Start Configuration 2-5

Initial Configuration

Figure 2-4

Vipersat Working Mode Page

Once the Vipersat Mode has been set, the Vipersat submenu will be made available for configuring and setting the Vipersat features according to table 2-2, below.

Table 2-2

Unit Mode STDMA Auto Switching

Vipersat Hub Available Enabled Vipersat Hub Expansion Not Available Disabled Vipersat Remote Available Enabled Vipersat Remote Expansion (SHOD) Not Available Disabled

Vipersat Feature Configuration

Routing Mode

The Routing Mode defaults to Router, which is the most typical mode for

2-6 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Initial Configuration

Vipersat networks. For networks that call for BPM, see the section “Routing Mode” on page 3-6.

3. Save the settings to flash by selecting Save from the Main Menu bar.

Set the IP Addressing

1. From the LAN submenu, select Interface to open the LAN Interface page

(figure 2-5).

The MAC Address is displayed as a read-only field.

Figure 2-5

LAN Interface Page

2. Select Single or Dual IP Addressing Mode (default=Single).

Chapter 2 - Quick Start Configuration 2-7

Initial Configuration

Choosing Single mode sets the modem to accept all traffic—data, VMS, and management—that utilizes the Traffic IP Address of the Network Processor card for this modem. The Management IP Address is ignored.

Selecting Dual mode requires that data and VMS traffic be directed to the Traffic Address, while CLI, WSI, and SNMP communications must utilize the Management Address of the NP card. This provides additional security for remote connections.

Note that Dual mode is also utilized when operating in a redundant configuration; both the online modem and the offline modem must be set for Dual IP Addressing. For more information on using the SLM-5650A in redundancy configurations, refer to the pertinent redundancy switch Installation and Operation Manual.

Caution: When setting Dual mode, note the address change as the setting will

3. Enter the designated Traffic IP Address and Subnet Mask for this unit.

4. If Dual Mode is being used, enter the designated Management IP

Address and Subnet Mask for this unit.

drop communications to the management interface after submittal.

5. Click on the Submit button

6. Save the settings to flash by selecting Save from the Main Menu bar.

Configure the Route Table

Routing in a Vipersat Network

SLM-5650A Modem Routers operating in Vipersat mode do not use the HDLC Addressing as described in the SLM-5650A Installation and Operation Manual.

Because satellite networks are often used as extensions for access to services such as the Internet or the PSTN, they lend themselves quite readily to private addressing. For example, to provide Internet access to the satellite network, only the Hub requires a public IP address in order for the entire satellite network that is controlled by the Hub to have access to the Internet backbone. Utilizing Network Address Translation (NAT), the administrator can effectively address the network using a minimum number of static route statements.

2-8 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Initial Configuration

Example:

The IP address 172.16.0.0 is the private address network number for class B networks. If there is a router at the Hub with a connection to the Internet, the operator can define the local network as a class B. If the operator splits the Class B in half and points the upper half toward the satellite, there will be over 16000 usable addresses at the Hub as well as at the Remotes. For details on IP addressing, refer to Appendix A, "Network Addressing".

By putting the one route statement “ in the TDM Hub modem, and by using the route statement “

WAN to LAN

” at each of the remote modems, the network will successfully

Remotes 172.16.128.0/17 WAN to LAN”

GW 0.0.0.0/0

route packets. The remotes can then be subnetted as class C networks or below. Additional routers at the remotes can be added for unusually large sites, allowing an additional layer of NAT without requiring any more explicit routing within the Vipersat Modem/Routers.

Refer to the SLM-5650A Modem Installation and Operation Manual for additional information on entering routes.

Creating the Static Routes

The following procedure outlines the basic route structure that the target SLM-5650A will require for its role in the network. One of the key routes that must be created is a gateway address for routing the data traffic that is received by the unit.

1. In the Main Menu bar, select Routes from the Routing submenu

(figure 2-6).

In a Hub configuration, the default route will typically point to a router on the same LAN as the SLM-5650A Hub unit. In the above figure, that router is specified as the

Next Hop IP 10.1.0.1.

In a Remote configuration, the default route will typically point to the satellite modem (

toWAN) used for communications back to the Hub.

2. From the Add New Route frame shown in figure 2-6, enter the first route

that will define the default gateway.

The system administrator can supply the information for each field, if necessary.

In a Hub role, for example, enter the name of the route (e.g., DFG), enter

0.0.0.0 for the destination IP address and 0 for the mask, from the pull down dialog toLAN/toWAN select toLAN for Ethernet interface, then enter the IP address of the appropriate router or modem for the next hop.

Chapter 2 - Quick Start Configuration 2-9

Initial Configuration

If this Hub unit is providing the TDM outbound, a route statement or statements defining satellite communications with the Remote units must be entered as well, as illustrated in the figure. One recommended option is to enter a single super-route that will handle satellite communications with all of the remote subnets.

Figure 2-6

Routes Table Page (Hub)

3. Click the Add Entry button.

4. Continue to add entries until all desired routes are entered.

5. Save the settings to flash by selecting Save from the Main Menu bar.

Dynamic Routing with OSPF

For networks that will utilize the Vipersat OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) feature for dynamic routing, including SOTM roaming applications, additional routing configuration is required. See the section “Dynamic Routing” on page 3-40.

2-10 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Initial Configuration

NOTE

Multicast Routing with IGMP

For networks that will utilize the Vipersat IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) feature for multicast routing, additional routing configuration is required. See the section “Multicast Routing” on page 3-44.

Set the Satellite Modem Configuration

1. Select Config from the Modem submenu to access the Modem

Configuration page (figure 2-7).

2. Set the Transmit parameters for

Modulation as specified by the network administrator.

and

Frequency, Data Rate, FEC, Code Rate,

Figure 2-7

Note: Only Turbo Product Coding is acceptable for FEC when the SLM-5650A

is running in Vipersat mode.

Chapter 2 - Quick Start Configuration 2-11

Transmit Configuration Frame (Hub)

Initial Configuration

3. After all Tx parameters are entered, click the Transmit Submit button.

4. Similarly, set the Receive parameters for

Code Rate, and Demodulation as specified by the network administrator

Frequency, Data Rate, FEC,

(figure 2-8).

Figure 2-8

Receive Configuration Frame (Hub)

5. After all Rx parameters are entered, click the Receive Submit button.

6. Save the settings to flash by selecting Save from the Main Menu bar.

2-12 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Initial Configuration

Set the Vipersat Configuration

1. From the Vipersat submenu, select Vipersat to open the Vipersat

Configuration page.

The example shown in figure 2-9 depicts the page appearance for a Hub unit.

Figure 2-9

Vipersat Configuration Page (Hub)

The unit Role appearance reflects the Working Mode parameter setting (see “Set the Vipersat Working Mode” on page 2-5) and identifies the role of the target SLM-5650A.

2. Enter a descriptor for the Node Name.

This a unit indentifier for operator management that is propagated though the network up to the VMS. The Node Name will appear together with the modem icon for each unit in the ViperView client.

3. Set the Network ID.

The Network ID that is assigned to the unit defines to what network the target SLM-5650A will belong. All units used in a common network will have the same Network ID. This parameter is used by the VMS to identify

Chapter 2 - Quick Start Configuration 2-13

Initial Configuration

NOTE

units common to a network and allows the VMS to manage multiple networks, each with its own unique network ID number.

4. Set the Receive Multicast Address.

This IP address is the multicast address assigned to all Vipersat modem units in the network that are managed by the VMS server. The Receive Multicast Address of this SLM-5650A must match the corresponding Transmit Multicast Address that has been assigned to the VMS in order for the modem units to receive the maintenance and control packets that are multicast by the VMS.

5. Set the Managing IP Address.

The Managing IP Address is the IP address of the active VMS server. This address is set automatically when receiving broadcast messages from the Hub.

6. Hub Redundancy (Optional)

This field appears for Hub units only.

The Hub Redundancy option provides backup of primary modems (e.g., TDM/Burst Controller). When enabled, this setting sends a message (HeartBeat) to the managing VMS on intervals of 2.5 seconds.

7. Management Security (Optional)

The Management Security option works in conjunction with the Hub VMS, providing encryption on all messages passed between modem to modem and active VMS. The keys are set manually on both the VMS and the modem, and are entered either as a 64 character ASCII hex string or a passphrase.

Note: VMS version 3.7.1 or greater is required for Management Security.

Caution: During the process of network-wide key distribution and enabling of

encryption, communications may be lost as the STDMA control messages will be unreadable until all modems in the network are configured.

It is recommended that each of the Remote units be configured for Management Security first, and then the Hub units be configured. This method will reduce the need for on-site personnel during feature implementation.

2-14 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Initial Configuration

Set the Home State

1. From the Vipersat submenu, select Home State to open the Home State

Configuration page (figure 2-10).

2. Click the Set Current Config As Home command button in the lower

portion of the page to set the current configuration as the Home State. This pulls the current Tx and Rx settings of the base modem and displays them here.

Figure 2-10

Home State Configuration Page

3. If any parameters require modifications, change the values then click the

Force Modem to Home State command button. This will push the home

state parameters that are displayed to the base modem.

4. Save the settings to flash by selecting Save from the Main Menu bar.

Chapter 2 - Quick Start Configuration 2-15

Initial Configuration

This completes the initial configuration of an SLM-5650A modem/router from the factory default settings to a functioning, Vipersat-enabled unit. Additional configuration parameters remain to be set depending on the network requirements for the specific customer application.

Proceed to Chapter 3, "Using the Web Server Interface (WSI)," for additional details on configuring the target Vipersat SLM-5650A.

2-16 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

HAPTER

USING THE WEB SERVER INTERFACE (WSI)

General

This chapter describes the use of the WSI for configuring and monitoring the SLM-5650A Modem Router in a Vipersat network. Each web page related to an SLM-5650A operating in Vipersat mode is presented, along with a detailed description of the available commands. For descriptions of all other screens, refer to the SLM-5650A Installation and Operation Manual.

Web (HTTP) access to the SLM-5650A is provided through the NP (Network Processor) card Ethernet traffic switch, and requires login with password. The physical LAN connection is made to one of the following RJ-45 interfaces:

• When operating with Router Mode set to Router, one of the four Ethernet ports, 1–4, on the NP card should be used.

• When operating with Router Mode set to BPM (Bridge Point-toMultipoint), network management can only be performed using the J5 Ethernet port on the base modem.

The pages presented in this document are as they appear when the SLM-5650A is accessed using the Microsoft Internet Explorer web browser.

A Web connection is made by entering the target SLM-5650A NP IP address into the browser address field. The factory default IP address for a Vipersatenabled unit is prompt. The factory defaults are:

Chapter 3 - Using the Web Server Interface (WSI) 3-1

192.168.1.177/24. The SLM-5650A responds with a Login

General

Once the operator has logged in, the Network Processor splashscreen is displayed as shown in figure 3-1.

The WSI is an easy to use interface for configuring and monitoring all aspects of the SLM-5650A. By rolling the cursor over the Main Menu bar at the top of the page, the user can navigate to the desired page by selecting from the nested submenu links that appear.

Figure 3-1

3-2 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Network Processor Splashscreen

Menu Descriptions

NOTE

This section details the WSI menu pages, and briefly discusses the function of each of the parameters available on each menu page.

Main Menu Bar

The WSI Main Menu Bar, shown in figure 3-2, allows configuring both the modem and router functions of the target SLM-5650A Network Processor.

Menu Descriptions

Note: The Vipersat menu item will only be displayed if the target SLM-5650A

A Vipersat SLM-5650A is normally shipped from the factory with the Vipersat FAST feature option already installed. This can be verified by checking that Vipersat appears in the Main Menu bar, as shown in Figure 3-2. Alternatively, this can be checked via the modem front panel under

Options

Each Main Menu item contains a nested submenu that will appear by performing a mouseover on that menu item. Clicking on a submenu item will open the associated page.

has had the Vipersat option installed as described in the section “FAST Features” on page 3-7.

Figure 3-2

Main Menu Bar

Utility: FAST ->View

Common Menu Commands

The following common menu commands are executed as described below.

Chapter 3 - Using the Web Server Interface (WSI) 3-3

Menu Descriptions

Save Parameters to Permanent Storage

To Save the current configuration to permanent Flash storage, select Save from the Main Menu bar, as shown in figure 3-3. Click on the Save Now button to initiate the save process, then click OK to confirm and complete the process. This command saves all data that has been entered from any of the web pages since the last save operation occurred.

Figure 3-3

Save Configuration Command

Exiting a page after parameters have been changed without saving does not mean that the changes are not applied. However, if these changes are not saved prior to a system reset or power cycle, they will be lost.

Log Off

To terminate the WSI session and disconnect from the NP, select the Logoff command from the Info submenu, as shown in figure 3-4. Confirm the Log off request by clicking on the Yes, log off now button.

Figure 3-4

NP Logoff Command

3-4 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Menu Descriptions

Information

The specific firmware image versions and system up time for the Network Processor can be viewed by performing a mouseover on Info in the Main Menu bar and selecting Home from the submenu, as shown in figure 3-5. This information is useful, for example, when planning or performing upgrade operations for a unit.

Figure 3-5

Home Page

Administration

The Admin Menu provides access to the major Administration features and commands (figure 3-6) for the SLM-5650A. The specific submenu items that are described here for a Vipersat network are Vipersat Mode and FAST Features.

Vipersat Mode

Select Vipersat Mode from the Admin submenu, as shown in figure 3-6. This setting determines whether the target SLM-5650A is to function as a Vipersat Remote or as a Vipersat Hub (and whether or not it is an Expansion unit) in the Vipersat satellite network. The Non-Vipersat Mode choices are not applicable when configuring a modem for deployment in a Vipersat network.

Chapter 3 - Using the Web Server Interface (WSI) 3-5

Menu Descriptions

NOTE

The choice that is made here will determine the role that this SLM-5650A will perform in the network, and what type of commands and functions it will receive from the VMS. Refer to table 2-1 for a breakdown of network roles and related functions and features.

Note: If Vipersat Mode does not appear in the menu, the Vipersat FAST Code

has not yet been installed in this unit. The FAST Code for the Vipersat option must first be re-entered as described in the next section.

Selecting the modem to be an Expansion device, either as a Hub (switched) or as a Remote (mesh), sets the demod of the SLM-5650A to operate in dSCPC mode, available as a resource for dedicated communications with the other end of a satellite link.

Figure 3-6

Working Mode Page

Routing Mode

The Routing Mode defaults to Router. Another option for Vipersat networks is the BPM routing (brouter) mode that offers additional flexibility and scalability

3-6 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Menu Descriptions

of the satellite network by providing a combination of routing and bridging functions. Note that this option is only available if the NP BPM FAST feature has been installed on the modem/router.

When BPM (Bridged Point-to-Multipoint) is selected as the routing mode, the function of the five Ethernet ports changes: NP module ports 1 through 4 change from routed Layer 3 traffic and management use to bridged Layer 2 traffic; base modem port J5 changes from remote control connector to routed Layer 3 traffic and management use.

Caution: When using a remote connection to change the Routing Mode from

Router to BPM, ensure that the Ethernet connection that is being utilized is cabled to port J5. If the connection is utilizing one of the four ports on the NP module, connectivity with the modem will be lost as soon as the change is submitted.

Additional information about the BPM feature can be found in the SLM-5650A Installation and Operation Manual.

Ensure that the Vipersat Working Mode is set as specified for this unit. If it is not, change the setting by selecting the appropriate radio button(s) and clicking the Submit button. The modem unit will automatically be set up for the appropriate configuration parameters based on this setting, thus simplifying deployment.

FAST Features

From the Admin submenu, select FAST Features to display the FAST Feature page shown in figure 3-7.

This read-only page displays the status for both the Network Processor and the Modem FAST Features—Installed or Not Installed.

Chapter 3 - Using the Web Server Interface (WSI) 3-7

Menu Descriptions

Figure 3-7

FAST Features Page

Verify whether or not the Vipersat FAST Feature is Installed (as shown). The codes are entered per customer order prior to shipment from the factory; however, if the feature displays as

Not Installed, an updated FAST code will

have to be re-entered to enable the Vipersat features.

The FAST Feature codes are entered using the front panel of the modem (figure 3-8). With the keypad, select

Utility: FAST -> Configuration -> Enter NP Code.

Enter the 20 digit code that is provided by either the network administrator or Comtech Vipersat Networks Customer Support.

Figure 3-8

Tip: The FAST Feature codes are generated and stored by the unit serial

number for the target SLM-5650A. The target unit’s serial number can be found on the rear of the unit chassis, or on the FAST code menu.

Caution: Upgraging the FAST features will cause a modem reboot and

reconfiguration of all modem parameters.

Front Panel, SLM-5650A Modem

To maintain any parameter changes in flash memory, select Save from the Main Menu bar.

3-8 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Vipersat Configuration

Mouseover Vipersat in the Main Menu Bar, as shown in figure 3-9, to display the submenu used for configuring the Vipersat features and functions for the SLM-5650A.

The following sections describe each submenu in detail.

Vipersat

Selecting the first item in the submenu opens the Vipersat configuration page. The display will vary depending upon whether the Working Mode is defined as a Hub unit or a Remote unit. The example shown in figure 3-9 portrays a Vipersat Hub.

Vipersat Configuration

Figure 3-9

An example of a Vipersat Remote is shown in figure 3-10. Much of the parameters that are displayed for a Hub unit are also common for a Remote. However, the Hub display includes the Hub Redundancy feature whereas the Remote display includes the SOTM feature. These parameters are described below.

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Vipersat Configuration Page (Hub)

Vipersat Configuration

Figure 3-10

Figure 3-10 Vipersat Configuration Page (Remote)

Vipersat Role

The Role field is display only, reflecting the Vipersat Working Mode setting that was configured earlier under Administration. The chosen mode is also identified by the Vipersat label that is displayed in the upper left portion of the page— “Vipersat Hub” in this example.

Node Name

The Node Name entry is used to assign a designator to the SLM-5650A that will identify this unit within the network. Any combination of up to 22 characters can be entered.

This name is displayed within the VMS ViperView, the graphical network management interface for Vipersat networks.

Network ID

The Network ID that is assigned to the unit defines to what network the target SLM-5650A will belong. All units used in a common network will have the same Network ID. Enter a value between the range of 0–255.

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NOTE

The Network ID is used by the VMS to identify units that are common to a network and allows the VMS to manage multiple networks, each with its own unique Network ID number.

Receive Multicast Address

The Receive Multicast Address is the multitcast IP address assigned to all SLM-5650A units in the Vipersat network that are managed by the VMS server. This address must match the VMS Transmit Multicast Address.

When the SLM-5650A receives a multicast from the VMS server, it receives maintenance and control packets, including the server’s IP address. The SLM5650A responds to the VMS server with a unicast containing its current configuration data, including the SLM-5650A’s IP address. When the VMS receives the unicast response, it registers the SLM-5650A on the network.

Enter the Receive Multicast Address as assigned by the network operator/ administrator.

Managing IP Address

The Managing IP Address parameter corresponds to the IP address of the server running the VMS.

This address is sent out with the VMS multicast to all of the Vipersat units and will be automatically updated during the registration process. The SLM-5650A sends a unicast registration request to the managing address every 60 seconds when requesting initial registration on the VMS network. Later, the SLM5650A uses this address to send switch requests, network health status messages, etc. to the managing VMS server.

Note: The managing address will be set automatically if the Receive Multicast

Address is configured correctly and the modem is receiving the announcement multicast message. However, the modem WILL NOT send its registration request message until this address is set.

This managing address is automatically updated on a periodic basis for modems that are newly enabled, incorrectly set, or following VMS changeovers (redundancy switching).

Heart Beat

This menu item appears for the Hub modem only.

The Heart Beat feature is a redundancy heart beat message for primary Hub units that provides the option for a periodic communications check message to be sent from the Hub modem to the VMS for backup recovery in N:M redun-

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Vipersat Configuration

NOTE

dancy (protected) configurations. The message interval is set by the managing VMS which uploads it to the modem.

Activate this feature by selecting the Enabled radio button.

Management Security

Management Security is an optional Vipersat feature that provides encryption on all VMS management messages passed between the VMS and the network modems. When enabled, the VMS and all of the network modems must utilize a common Encryption Key that is manually set on each. The key can be entered either as an ASCII hex string of exactly 64 characters, or as a passphrase consisting of up to 63 characters.

For modems that operate with Management Security, Enable this feature and enter the Encryption Key that has been defined for the network.

Note: VMS version 3.7.1 or greater is required for Management Security.

Caution: During the process of network-wide key distribution and enabling of

encryption, communications may be lost as the STDMA control messages will be unreadable until all modems in the network are configured.

SOTM

This feature appears for Remote units only.

For Remotes that are not utilized in an SOTM (Satcom-On-The-Move) network, this feature will be displayed at the bottom of the page as Disabled, as shown in figure 3-10 above. When a Remote has been enabled for SOTM via a ROSS unit, the feature can be disabled from the WSI Vipersat page by clicking on the Disable SOTM button (figure 3-11). Note that the disable command will not be executed until a Save operation is performed and the unit is rebooted.

Figure 3-11

3-12 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Disable SOTM for Remote

Vipersat Configuration

To maintain any parameter changes in flash memory, select Save from the Main Menu bar.

STDMA Mode

The STDMA parameters for this SLM-5650A are accessed by selecting STDMA from the Vipersat submenu.

The fields in the STDMA configuration page will vary depending on the function the target SLM-5650A performs in the network. The page shown in figure 3-12 is from an SLM-5650A serving as a Hub in the network.

Figure 3-12

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STDMA Page (Hub, Dynamic Cycle mode)

Vipersat Configuration

For comparison, the STDMA menu for an SLM-5650A operating as a Remote unit is shown in figure 3-13. Note that the configuration items for the Remote screen are a small subset of those for a Hub.

Figure 3-13

STDMA Page (Remote)

Allocation Method

This parameter field is only displayed if the SLM-5650A is being used as a Hub in the network, and provides the functionality for the STDMA Burst Controller. Vipersat STDMA has five modes of operation:

•Fixed — all Remotes get the same data slot time (slot size) in the cycle, regardless of activity. Cycle time is fixed also.

• Dynamic Slot — data slot time of Remotes vary according to activity, cycle time does not.

• Dynamic Cycle — slot time and cycle time vary according to activity of Remotes.

•GIR (Guaranteed Information Rate) — each Remote always has at least the minimum data slot size when needed, and cycle time is variable up to a maximum of one second.

• Entry Channel — Remotes run in SCPC mode, but STDMA is used for maintenance and control channel.

The Hub can be configured to operate in one of the five modes by selecting the Allocation Method from the pull-down menu, as shown in figure 3-14.

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Vipersat Configuration

Figure 3-14

Hub Type Allocation Menu

This selection determines whether available bandwidth will be a static (fixed) assignment, or whether bandwidth allocation will be dynamic with automatic switching to dynamically optimize bandwidth utilization.

1 – Fixed

In the Fixed mode, all Remotes have the same data slot size regardless of type of traffic or load. This mode minimizes the amount of jitter between Remote transmission times, and is useful for tuning STDMA as well as for troubleshooting purposes.

2 – Dynamic Slot

In the Dynamic Slot mode, slot size is adjusted each cycle depending on the activity during the previous cycle. The slot size for each Remote is computed based on the time (at the current data rate) needed to transmit all the bytes in queue. If the result is less than the minimum slot size or more than the maximum slot size, the slot is adjusted accordingly. This mode allows the burst controller to provide additional slot time in the cycle to Remotes with higher traffic demands, increasing throughput and alleviating congestion.

3 – Dynamic Cycle

In the Dynamic Cycle mode, available bandwidth is allocated to Remotes proportionally based on their current bandwidth needs. The bandwidth requirements are determined by the number of bytes in queue for each Remote divided by the total number of bytes in queue for all Remotes, and results in the percentage of bandwidth to be allocated for each Remote. This mode provides improved efficiency of STDMA due to faster cycle times during periods of light traffic demands, thus providing minimum latency for the current load.

4 – GIR

In the GIR mode, the initial computed slot size value is the same as in the Dynamic Cycle mode except there is no maximum limit. After all Remotes have

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NOTE

been assigned slots, the burst map is checked to see if the total cycle length exceeds one second. If not, then all requirements are satisfied and the burst map is complete. However, if the cycle is greater than one second, then the slots are adjusted proportionally so that all Remotes receive at least their guaranteed rate plus whatever excess is still available.

GIR mode allows guaranteed information rates to be set for each Remote in the group. When the one second restriction is exceeded, Remotes without a specified GIR are reduced to the global minimum slot size and the remaining bandwidth is distributed to Remotes that have been assigned a GIR rate, thus ensuring additional bandwidth to these units when needed.

Note: GIR allocations are restricted so that assigned GIR totals cannot exceed

the available bandwidth. This ensures proper bandwidth allocation when the network is overloaded.

The GIR setting for each Remote is specified using the STDMA Remote Policies screen (refer to the section “ECM Remotes” on page 3-25). When combined with Auto switching, GIR allows trigger points to be set where the Remote will jump out into SCPC mode. This is done using the Load Switch setting. Note that, for this function, Load switching must be Enabled on this Hub unit, and corresponding Remote modems must be configured with Load switching Enabled as well. Also, the settings for Step Up and Step Down Threshold values should be adjusted as necessary for the application.

5 – Entry Channel

The Entry Channel mode provides Remotes in the group with a shared channel in which they can gain initial access to the network. Since very small STDMA data rates are required in this configuration, a larger number of Remotes can share the cycle. As soon as the Hub receives an STDMA ACK from the Remote, it initiates an immediate switch to SCPC mode based on the policy set for that Remote. Note that the switch occurs as soon as the Hub receives an ACK even though there may not be traffic at that time. The persistence of the link will be determined by the unit’s flag settings.

When choosing Entry Channel as the Hub type for the STDMA Controller, the Load switching feature must be Enabled on this Hub unit, and switching policies for the Remotes must be configured (refer to the section “ECM Remotes” on page 3-25). Corresponding Remote modems must be configured with Load switching Enabled. Note that the settings for Step Up and Step Down Threshold values should be adjusted as necessary for the application.

This mode is designed to accommodate the needs of a Remote that will not be continuously connected to the network, but which has the need to be able to make an on-demand connection when required, such as in a mobile application. In the event of a power outage, Entry Channel provides a bandwidth-efficient

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method for remotes with low latency requirements to re-enter the network once power is restored.

Refer to Appendix B “Automatic Switching” for additional information on how each of the bandwidth allocation modes functions and the parameters used to calculate the commands for each mode.

Acquisition Mode

The SLM-5650A modem/router offers two modes of choice for the Hub BC to obtain acquisition of—detect and lock onto—the burst transmission from each Remote in the group: Standard and Long.

Figure 3-15

Hub STDMA Acquisition Mode

Standard mode uses an uncoded preamble signature and results in a shorter Preamble Time:

Data Rate = 64 to 447 kbps Preamble = 30 ms

Data Rate >

448 kbps Preamble = 20 ms

Long mode uses a combination of uncoded and coded portions of the signature that provides additional reliability, but results in a longer Preamble Time, as is illustrated with the following two examples:

Data Rate = 256 kbps Preamble = 26 + 79 = 105 ms

Data Rate = 3 Mbps Preamble = 2 + 38 = 40 ms

Note that, as a consequence of a longer preamble, the time period available for data transmission is lessened. However, this trade-off is acceptable in those applications where the priority is given to increased reliability.

Standard mode is appropriate, for instance, when Entry Channel is used as the allocation method. Long mode is appropriate for a Hub controller whose Remotes are allocated larger slot sizes, and thus would suffer greater data loss per burst cycle with acquisition failure.

Group ID

The STDMA Group ID number defines a group of equipment (both Hub and Remote units) that will respond to the output of a single STDMA burst controller. This group is addressable within a network which, in turn, is defined by the Network ID number assigned to the SLM-5650A.

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Vipersat Configuration

NOTE

Allocation of bandwidth is shared among the Remotes in an STDMA group. Depending on the number of Remotes in a network, a Hub may have multiple burst controllers, each with its own set of Remotes. This is accomplished by assigning a unique Group ID number to each controller and its associated Remotes.

Note: The STDMA Group ID number and the Network ID number are indepen-

dent. There can be multiple STDMA groups within a single network.

To set the Group ID for an SLM-5650A, enter the specified number for the associated group; range is 1–255 (figure 3-16). Click the Submit button.

Figure 3-16

Group ID field

Cycles Per Burst Map

This parameter, which appears for all Hub types except Dynamic Cycle and GIR, displays the number of spin cycles that will occur prior to each broadcast

of the Burst Map by the burst controller to the Remotes. One cycle is the amount of time it takes for all Remotes in a group to burst on the common channel. The burst map provides each Remote with its allocated bandwidth and position in the cycle.

For Dynamic Cycle and GIR configurations, the number of cycles is automati- cally set to one in order to ensure optimum performance for these Hub types.

To modify this parameter from the Hub SLM-5650A, enter a value from 2–20 in the Cycles Per Burst Map field, then click the Submit button as shown in figure 3-17.

Figure 3-17

3-18 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Cycles Per Burst Map field

Vipersat Configuration

Preamble Time

This parameter, which appears in all Hub configurations, displays the current Slot Preamble size in milliseconds for the Remotes in the group. The Preamble is the period between when the Remote begins to transmit (sends an ACK) to the Hub and when the first data packet is sent. This allows time for signal lock to occur before data is sent, thus preventing data loss.

The Preamble Time is automatically set based on internal calculations that correlate transmit burst acquisition preamble times to STDMA transmit data rates and Acquisition Mode selection. Standard Acquisition Mode uses an uncoded signature. Long Acquisition Mode uses both uncoded and coded portions of the preamble, as is shown for the example in figure 3-18. The sum of these two values equals the total Preamble Time; in this case, 40 ms.

Figure 3-18

Slot Preamble Time display

Guard Band

This parameter, which appears for all Hub configurations, displays the current length of the Slot Guardband in milliseconds for the Remotes in the group. The Slot Guardband is the amount of time between the point when one Remote completes transmitting data and the point when the next Remote in the cycle begins transmitting. This prevents the Remote from overrunning the next terminal in the cycle. The setting for this parameter should be obtained using the Vipersat STDMA Calculator. Typically, a value of 30 ms is sufficient.

Tip: Contact a Comtech Vipersat Networks representative for a copy of the

latest Viper Calculator.

To modify this parameter on a Hub unit, enter a value from 0–250 in the Guard Band field, then click the Submit button. The value represents time in millisec-

onds.

Figure 3-19

Slot Guardband field

Slot Data Length

This menu item displays the Slot Data Length in milliseconds as well as in bytes, and represents the amount of data that can be transmitted or received in

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Vipersat Configuration

NOTE

one spin of the STDMA cycle by each of the Remotes belonging to that group. This is the amount of time that the Remote is provided to send data in the cycle.

Depending on the Hub type that is defined for the modem, the appearance of this parameter will vary:

• Fixed – Slot Data Length

• Dynamic Slot – Nominal Data Length, Minimum Data Length

• Dynamic Cycle – Maximum Data Length, Minimum Data Length

• Entry Channel – Slot Data Length, Minimum Data Length

• GIR – Minimum Data Length

On a Hub unit, enter the specified value(s) in milliseconds within the allowed range, as shown in figure 3-20.

Note: When setting the Minimum Data Length, ensure that the slot length is not

less than the maximum MTU (1500 bytes), as this would prevent large data packets from transmitting and result in the loss of data.

Figure 3-20

Slot Data Length (Dynamic Cycle)

Burstmap Multicast IP

This parameter is used to define the IP address for the Burstmap Multicast that is sent out by the STDMA burst controller at the Hub to all of the associated Remotes in that group. This address must be the same for all members of the group. The burst map is a proprietary message sent from the Hub to all Remotes, at regular intervals, specifying the relative start time and duration for each terminal to transmit.

To set this parameter, enter the specified Multicast IP address (figure 3-21), then click the Submit button.

Figure 3-21

3-20 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Burstmap Multicast IP field

Vipersat Configuration

Power Hunt

When a predetermined number of consecutive burst acknowledgements from the Remote are missed at the Hub, the power output is increased in 1 dB increments, up to a maximum of 3 dB. The value specified for the Power Hunt parameter (range is 0-3) determines the maximum power increase for this Remote.

Figure 3-22

Power Hunt field

The Power Hunt function is disabled when the Remote switches from STDMA to SCPC mode, where the DPC feature is then applied. However, the Power Hunt value at the time of the switch is carried over as the initial DPC offset value. When switching back to STDMA from SCPC mode, the last DPC offset will be applied as the power hunt (delta) value.

A modem reboot or forced revert will clear the DPC offset and reset it to 0 dB.

Outbound IP

This parameter, which appears for all Hub configurations, displays the current TDM Outbound IP address. This specifies the Hub device that is supplying the TDM outbound carrier to the satellite (typically a SLM-5650A). Specifying this address is necessary when configuring a Hub that utilizes a burst controller that is a separate device from the TDM modem.

This address must also be defined when the DPC feature is implemented for a network. Note that the Outbound IP address will be the same as the burst controller address when the TDM modem and the burst controller are the same device.

To define the TDM Outbound IP address, enter the address of the TDM modem unit and click the Submit button. The dialog in figure 3-23 shows this Hub parameter field.

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Vipersat Configuration

Figure 3-23

Outbound IP field

Automatic Remote Removal

The Automatic Remote Removal feature appears on the STDMA page when the Unit Role is Hub, and is used to define the removal parameters for the Remotes that belong to the STDMA group for the Hub Burst Controller.

Figure 3-24

When Enabled, the value entered in the Removal Timeout Cycles field specifies the amount of time (seconds) with no communications from the Remote to the Hub before that Remote is removed from the Burstmap. If communications are lost for this period of time, the Remote is removed from the STDMA group, and the bandwidth resources it had been allocated are then made available for use by the other Remotes remaining in the group.

This feature is useful, for example, in an SNG application where a mobile Remote has finished its assignment and has shut down.

Automatic Remote Removal

When a Remote has been removed from the STDMA group, the value that is entered for the Removal Retry Cycles parameter specifies the amount of time (seconds) that is allowed to pass before a retry attempt is made to return the removed Remote to the group. The Remote is re-entered into the burst map cycle; if the Remote does not burst back (ACK) to the Hub Burst Controller, it is once again removed from the Burst Map.

This allows, again using a mobile Remote as an example, shutting down the Remote at one location, moving it to a new location, and then automatically reestablishing a connection to the satellite network.

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Remote List Table

The Remote List Table appears on the STDMA page when the Unit Role is Hub. The screen example shown in figure 3-25 is typical of the appearance for all allocation methods except for GIR and ECM, which are depicted in figure 3-26 and figure 3-27, respectively.

Figure 3-25

STDMA Remote List Table

This feature is used to assign and display the Remotes that belong to the STDMA group for the Hub burst controller. Remote units can be added/deleted to/from the list, and their status in the burst map can be set—Enabled or Disabled. Modifications to existing entries can be made by editing the desired field(s) and submitting the changes.

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Vipersat Configuration

Figure 3-26

Figure 3-27

Remote List Table, GIR Hub

Remote List Table, ECM Hub

Add Remote to STDMA Group

In the Add New Entry section, enter the Station Name for the Remote unit and the IP Address, then click the Add Entry button. The new Remote will be listed in the table as a member of the STDMA group.

Once a Remote has been added to the STDMA group, its status in the group is displayed on the Vipersat Stats page (see “STDMA Hub Statistics” on page 3-27).

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Set Remote Policies—GIR and ECM

The STDMA page for GIR and ECM Hub types allows the configuration of each Remote for specific data switching conditions.

GIR Remotes

As shown in figure 3-26, two additional parameters—GIR and GIR Switch Rate—are settable in the table for the GIR Remotes. Note that, above the table,

data rate and bandwidth guidelines for setting the GIR values are provided as reference to assist the user with configuration of these parameters.

Set the Switch Rate to a value greater than the GIR to allow the Remote to be automatically switched out of STDMA and into SCPC mode when traffic exceeds the GIR. A switch rate of 0 (zero) will prevent the Remote from being switched.

Click the Submit Changes button following any parameter modifications.

ECM Remotes

The SCPC Data Rate and Switch Type parameters are two additional settings that can be configured in the table for the ECM Remotes, as shown in figure 3-27.

Set the SCPC Data Rate to the desired value (kbps) that will be the starting point for communications. Set the Switch Type as follows:

• Type 0 (zero) corresponds to Load Switching.

• Types 64 through 255 are user-defined, and must match VMS policies.

When choosing Load Switching as the switch type, the associated Remote must have the Load Switching feature Enabled (see the section “Vipersat Switching” on page 3-28).

Click the Submit Changes button following any parameter modifications.

Remove Remote from STDMA Group

From the STDMA Hub page, the Delete Entry feature is available as shown in figure 3-28, allowing a Remote to be removed from the table list for this Hub burst controller.

Enter the Index number from the table for the Remote station to be removed and click the Delete Entry button.

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Vipersat Configuration

Figure 3-28

Delete Table Entry field

Enable/Disable Remote

Included in the Remote List Table is the Status column displaying whether the station is currently Enabled or Disabled (figure 3-29). This feature can be used to easily place a Remote in or out of the burstmap without having to perform Add/Delete Entry procedures.

Figure 3-29

Remote Status selection

Change the status setting by clicking on the pull-down arrow and selecting the other choice. Then click on the Submit Changes button.

To maintain any parameter changes in flash memory, select Save from the Main Menu bar.

STDMA Statistics

Selecting Stats from the Vipersat submenu displays the STDMA Statistics for either Hub or Remote, based on the Vipersat Mode setting for this modem, as shown in figure 3-30 and figure 3-31.

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STDMA Hub Statistics

The STDMA-Hub Statistics page (figure 3-30) provides information on burst cycle intervals, number of missed and received ACK’s per Remote, and the receive byte counts per burst.

Figure 3-30

STDMA Hub Statistics Page

Statistics in the received ACK from each Remote are monitored by the Burst Controller. These statistics report the fill status of the burst data slot for each Remote. The Burst Controller builds a table of the group and calculates the relative data byte count for each Remote. It then calculates the length of the data slot for each Remote based on the Minimum Slot Length plus a percentage of the Available Bandwidth. Idle Remotes receive a data slot equal to the Minimum Slot Length.

The dynamic range of STDMA is a function of the difference between the Nominal Data Length and the Minimum Data Length parameters. These parameters are operator selectable. The speed with which STDMA reacts to changes in dynamic load is a function of the Cycles per Burst Map parameter, which is also operator selectable.

An informative indicator on the STDMA Hub Statistics page is the Status of the Remotes that appears in the first column to the right of the IP Address column. The Remote status is displayed using one or multiple of the following:

•U = Used – This Remote is being used in the burst map. Once a remote has been added to the STDMA group, this status will always be displayed.

•B = Burstmap – This Remote is currently in the burst map. This status will be displayed unless the remote has been removed (R), disabled (D), or switched (S) out of the STDMA burst map.

•R = Removed – This Remote is currently removed from the burst map. When displayed, this status indicates that the Hub has removed this remote from the burst map due to a communications fault.

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Vipersat Configuration

•D = Disabled – This Remote is currently disabled and is not in the burst map. This status will be displayed when a remote is manually disabled by the operator or administrator.

•S = Switched – This Remote is currently switched into SCPC mode. When displayed, this status indicates that the VMS has automatically switched the remote out of the burst map and into SCPC operation.

•H = Home State Revert – This Remote is not currently receiving burst maps. When a remote, stuck in SCPC mode by failure to receive a VMS revert command, sees the burst map with this flag set, it will automatically revert to its home state and STDMA mode.

•A – This Remote has not sent an acknowledgement to the burst controller.

The Hub statistics are useful for tuning the Burst Controller. Preamble adjustments, up or down, are made using the missed ACKs statistic; a preamble and/ or guardband that is too short will result in an accumulation of missed ACKs. The “Cont. Missed ACKs” column represents continuous—the number of sequential ACKs missed.

STDMA Remote Statistics

The STDMA Remote Statistics page (figure 3-31) provides information on Burst Maps received, Preamble Time, Guard Band period, and Slot Time for the Remote modem.

Figure 3-31

The Remote statistics are useful for determining the status of remote terminal reception and troubleshooting burst transmission problems.

STDMA Remote Statistics Page

Vipersat Switching

One of the most powerful features of the Vipersat SLM-5650A is the capability to perform automatic switching between STDMA mode and SCPC mode based

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on bandwidth demand. The configuration options that are available to meet customer-specific requirements are extensive, and include switching based on Load and/or ToS (Type of Service).

For additional information, refer to Appendix B “Automatic Switching” in this document.

The functions available for configuring the switching operations depend on whether the target SLM-5650A is a Hub unit or if it is a Remote unit. Note that automatic switching does not apply to either a Hub Expansion unit or a Remote Expansion unit; these Vipersat working modes operate in dedicated SCPC mode and all switching control is performed by the VMS. As is shown in table 2-2, switching should be Disabled for these two modes.

Select Switching from the Vipersat submenu to display the Switching page for this modem, either Hub (figure 3-32) or Remote (figure 3-33).

Figure 3-32

Switching Page (Hub)

Load switching is controlled by both the Hub and the Remote, and thus related commands appear in both screens. The initial Load switch request is made by the Hub. Once in SCPC mode, subsequent Load switch requests (Step Up, Step Down) are made by the Remote.

ToS switching is controlled by the Remote, and thus appears only in the Remote Switching screen.

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Vipersat Configuration

Figure 3-33

Switching Page (Remote)

Load Switching

One of the four automatic switching functions that the Vipersat SLM-5650A is able to perform is Load Switching. The system will detect variations in data rate and can be configured to switch from STDMA to SCPC based on bandwidth requirements.

The initial switch for a Remote SLM-5650A from STDMA mode to SCPC mode is determined by the Hub Burst Controller. Once the Remote is switched into SCPC, any requests to meet additional switching requirements within SCPC (Step Up or Step Down) are made by the Remote modem.

The Load Switching feature for the SLM-5650A is Enabled and Disabled by selecting the desired radial button at the top of the page.

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NOTE

Note: Load switching must be Enabled for any SLM-5650A that will experience

changing load conditions in order for the VMS to dynamically optimize network performance on these circuits.

STDMA Slot Capacity

This parameter field appears for Hub modems only.

The STDMA Slot Capacity parameter allows setting the threshold or level of slot capacity at which the Burst Controller sends a switch request to the VMS to switch the Remote from STDMA mode to SCPC mode.

A default setting (95%) is provided, but there may be unique network configurations that require modifying the STDMA slot capacity value. To change this setting, enter a value from 0–100% as shown in figure 3-34.

Figure 3-34

STDMA Slot Capacity field

STDMA Switch Delay

This parameter field appears for Hub modems only.

In order to minimize unnecessary switching from STDMA to SCPC due to transient conditions, such as a temporary spike in network traffic for example, an STDMA Switch Delay parameter is provided. This setting is used to specify a delay before a switch occurs.

A default value (10 seconds) is provided, but this value can be changed to accommodate a unique network configuration or application. To change this setting, enter a value from 0–50 seconds as shown in figure 3-35.

Figure 3-35

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STDMA Switch Delay field

Vipersat Configuration

Percent Allocation

This parameter field appears for Hub modems only.

The Percent Allocation parameter allows adding a fixed percentage to the channel bandwidth request to accommodate additional bandwidth requirements which may occur after the switch is made from STDMA to SCPC mode.

Typically the default value (10%) will be sufficient, but if there may be a larger bandwidth requirement after the switch, the percent allocation value can be increased. In choosing a value for this allocation, future bandwidth requirements for the channel must be balanced against efficient bandwidth utilization.

To change this setting, enter a value from 0–100% as shown in figure 3-36.

Figure 3-36

Percent Allocation field

SCPC Step Up Threshold

This parameter field appears for Remote modems only.

The SCPC Step Up Threshold establishes the percentage of bandwidth use that will trigger a switch up from the present SCPC rate to a higher rate to ensure that there is sufficient bandwidth available for current conditions.

A default value (95%) is provided, but if a different threshold is desired, an alternate value can be specified by entering a value from 0–100% as shown in figure 3-37.

Note that this value must be greater

than the value specified for the SCPC Step

Down Threshold.

Figure 3-37

SCPC Step Up Threshold field

SCPC Step Down Threshold

This menu item appears for Remote modems only.

The SCPC Step Down Threshold establishes the percentage of bandwidth use that will trigger a switch down from the present SCPC rate to a lower rate to ensure efficient bandwidth usage.

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A default value (65%) is provided, but if a different threshold is desired, an alternate value can be specified by entering a value from 0–100% as shown in figure 3-38.

Note that this value must be less

than the value specified for the SCPC Step Up

Threshold.

Figure 3-38

SCPC Step Down Threshold field

SCPC Switch Delay

This menu item appears for Remote modems only.

The SCPC Switch Delay feature provides a switching delay period to ensure that a premature switch up or down in the SCPC rate does not occur due to a temporary rise or fall in traffic.

A default value (10 seconds) is provided, but this parameter can be modified by entering a value from 0–50 seconds as shown in figure 3-39.

Figure 3-39

SCPC Switch Delay field

SCPC Step Up Excess

This menu item appears for Remote modems only.

During each SCPC Step Up switch, the excess capacity data rate value entered by this command is added to the new SCPC data rate. This excess is added each time an SCPC Step Up switch occurs. This setting makes additional bandwidth available for when the demand arises while minimizing Step Up switching events.

A default value (10%) is provided, but this parameter can be modified by entering a value from 0–100% as shown in figure 3-40.

Figure 3-40

Chapter 3 - Using the Web Server Interface (WSI) 3-33

SCPC Step Up Excess field

Vipersat Configuration

To maintain any parameter changes in flash memory, select Save from the Main Menu bar.

Dynamic Power Control Configuration

Dynamic Power Control (DPC) is a Vipersat feature that acts to regulate the transmit power of the Vipersat satellite modem, such that the specified receive signal level (E DPC is driven by the receiver demod, which periodically notifies the transmitting modem of the current E

Refer to Appendix C “Dynamic Power Control” in this document for additional information on the DPC feature.

The Dynamic Power Control configuration page, accessible from the Vipersat submenu, allows for setting the parameters for the SLM-5650A power levels. The information and commands in the menu will vary depending on the function that the target SLM-5650A performs in the network. The screen shown in figure 3-41 is for a Hub or Remote operating in SCPC mode. For comparison, the DPC configuration screen for a unit operating as a Hub Expansion Demod (SCPC mode) is shown in figure 3-42. Note that only the applicable settings appear in this screen.

) for the Vipersat unit(s) receiving the transmission is met.

b/N0

value that it is receiving.

b/N0

Figure 3-41

3-34 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

DPC Configuration (Hub & Remote)

Vipersat Configuration

NOTE

Figure 3-42

Note: The following descriptions will refer to the SLM-5650A as either modula-

tor or demodulator for simplicity and understanding.

DPC Configuration (Hub Expansion Demod)

Before enabling DPC, the operator should verify that a demodulator at another terminal is receiving from this modulator, and that there is a working communications channel from that receiving station back to the modulator terminal (In-Band communications). Additionally, since DPC controls potentially the full power range of the modulator’s output power, it is recommended that the terminal be commissioned and calibrated before usage.

Tip: The DPC feature will not function unless the Outbound IP address is

defined in the STDMA screen for the Hub BC modem. See page 3-21.

Dynamic Power Control

The DPC feature can be set to either Enabled or Disabled using the pull-down menu. The SLM-5650A is shipped with DPC turned off (Disabled) to allow entrance link levels calibration during terminal setup.

To activate DPC for this modem, select Enabled then click the Submit button.

Target Eb/No

The Target Eb/N0 is the desired operating receive level for closed loop servo control and is set in the transmit modem. This is the value used for comparison with the actual E

from the receiving modem. This information is processed

b/N0

by the transmitting terminal for output power level adjustment as necessary.

To modify this parameter, enter a value from 0.0–15.0 dB, then click the Submit button. The default value is 10.0 dB.

Chapter 3 - Using the Web Server Interface (WSI) 3-35

Vipersat Configuration

Speed-Up Eb/No

The Speed-Up Eb/N0 range parameter provides a means of decreasing the power adjustment period when an excessive delta occurs between the E receive level and the target value. This ensures that an optimal receive level is maintained.

Normally, the DPC message is sent every 30 seconds from each terminal in the network. Should the received E the specified range, the terminal increases its message send rate to every 10 seconds until the receive level is again within the range set value. This provides a speed-up loop to rapidly regain link quality.

To modify this parameter, enter a value from 0.0–15.0 dB, then click the Submit button. The default value is 5.0 dB.

Target IP Address

The Target IP Address identifies the modem that is transmitting to this SLM-5650A, and will be receiving the DPC messages that provide the current

value for this unit. Typically, all Remotes will specify the Hub modem

b/N0

that is supplying the TDM outbound. The Outbound IP address is sent out to all STDMA Remotes via the Burst Map, and the DPC Target for these Remotes is automatically mapped to that address.

level at the demodulator ever fall outside

b/N0

Manually entering the Target IP Address is only necessary for modems that are SNMP managed Out-of-Band and will be utilizing the DPC feature. For InBand modems, the target addresses are handled automatically by the VMS.

To manually configure the target address for an Out-of-Band modem, enter an IP Address, then click the Submit button.

The STDMA Burst Controller is not permitted to specify a DPC Target because the demodulator is receiving multiple bursts very rapidly from all Remotes in the group and is unable to utilize DPC to control the transmit power of the Remote modems. However, the transmit power of the Burst Controller adjusts to meet the target E

values for the Remotes in the group.

b/N0

Maximum Power

The commissioning of a satellite terminal must comply with the calculated link budget that is conducted before terminal installation. Using these calculations, the maximum transmit power level permitted for the modulator(s) based on link/satellite parameters can be configured. This is the value set by the Maxi- mum Power parameter.

This parameter field is read only, and reflects the result of the Max Power calculation that is performed by the operator when the Calculate New Max

3-36 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Vipersat Configuration

Power button is clicked. Any modifications to the settings for Margin, Max Data Rate, Max Code Rate, and/or Max Modulation will require re-calculation of the Maximum Power value.

If the calculator returns an error [ the calibration parameter settings have exceeded the capacity of the equipment and must be modified.

INVALID], either the base level is too high or

Margin

The DPC Margin parameter is one of the Max Power calibration settings. This value is the offset between the current power level and the upper power limit for the waveform, and should match the fade margin that has been purchased. Margins are used to compensate for signal attenuation (e.g., rain) and define link availability.

To modify this parameter, enter a value from 0.0–15.0 dB, then click the Submit button. The default value is 5.0 dB.

Max Data Rate

The Max Data Rate parameter is one of the Max Power calibration settings. This value is the maximum achievable rate as calculated from the link budgetary numbers for this site.

To modify this parameter, enter a data rate, then click the Submit button. Note that the valid range for the data rate will vary depending on the Modulation type and Code Rate. The default setting is 1024000 bps.

Max Code Rate

The Max Code Rate parameter is one of the Max Power calibration settings. This value is the maximum achievable rate as calculated from the link budgetary numbers for this site.

Use the pull-down menu to select the required rate, then click the Submit button. Note that when operating in Vipersat mode, Rates of 1/2, 2/3, and 1/1 are not valid. The default setting for this parameter is Rate 3/4.

Max Modulation

The Max Modulation parameter is one of the Max Power calibration settings. This setting is the maximum achievable modulation as calculated from the link budgetary numbers for this site.

Use the pull-down menu to select the required modulation, then click the Submit button. The default setting for this parameter is QPSK.

Chapter 3 - Using the Web Server Interface (WSI) 3-37

Vipersat Configuration

To maintain any parameter changes in flash memory, select Save from the Main Menu bar.

Home State

An SLM-5650A’s Home State consists of those parameters which provide a known RF configuration that the modem/router will return to, either as the result of a command by the VMS, or as it comes back on line from a reset or a power cycle. These Home State settings are typically selected so that the SLM-5650A goes to a configuration which is optimum for its function in the network.

Select Home State from the Vipersat submenu to display the Home State configuration page shown in figure 3-43.

Figure 3-43

Home State Configuration Page

Note that each of these Transmit and Receive parameters are the same as found in the Transmit and Receive sections of the Modem Configuration page (refer to the section “Set the Satellite Modem Configuration” on page 2-11 for details). To modify any of these settings, enter the new value then click the Submit button.

3-38 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Vipersat Configuration

When Home State is Enabled, the valid settings for Code Rate, Modulation, and

FEC are as follows:

•Code Rate — 3/4 or 5/16

• Modulation — QPSK or BPSK

•FEC — Turbo

Set Current Configuration as Home State

This command sets the SLM-5650A’s current configuration as its Home State settings. Assuming the modem has been properly configured using the Modem Configuration page (Tx and Rx parameters) and the Vipersat STDMA page (Selective TDMA setting), these parameter values will be copied into the Home State configuration. Rather than entering each of these values individually, this command can be used as a shortcut for establishing the Home State settings.

Click on the Set Current Config As Home button in the Home State page to execute this command. Once saved, the modem will be configured with the Home State settings at boot time and when manually reset with the Force Modem to Home State command.

Tip: This command is useful when an SLM-5650A’s initial set up is completed

and the unit is functioning as desired in a network.

Force Modem to Home State

If at any time it is desired to have an SLM-5650A return to its Home State, the Force Modem to Home State command can be executed. The Home State parameter values are “forced” into the Base Modem configuration so that they match. The Base Modem parameters will be updated to reflect the configuration that has been set from this menu.

To maintain any parameter changes in flash memory, select Save from the Main Menu bar.

Chapter 3 - Using the Web Server Interface (WSI) 3-39

Additional Routing Configuration

Basic routing is configured using the Routes page that appears under the Rout- ing menu (refer to the SLM-5650A Installation and Operation Manual, P/N MN-SLM5650A). Depending on specific customer network applications, additional routing features may have to be enabled and configured accordingly. The configuration of OSPF dynamic routing and IGMP multicast routing is described in the subsections below.

Dynamic Routing

The Vipersat OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) feature in the Comtech SLM-5650A modem/router provides for dynamic routing functionality. Two implementations of this feature are available, Full Enable and Announcement Only.

With Full Enable, route changes from the Hub are broadcast to the Remotes via a dedicated WAN-to-WAN multicast address. Route changes from a Remote are unicast to the Hub. Static routes that are manually entered into the route table by the operator are separate from these dynamic routes and are not managed as part of the OSPF system (see the section “Creating the Static Routes” on page 2-9).

The support for full OSPF functionality in the SLM-5650A modem causes routers that are external and connected to the Vipersat satellite network to “see” the entire SLM-5650A network as if it were a single router.

The Announcement Only mode is implemented for Hub SLM-5650As that are operating as the TDM Outbound for roaming Remotes (SOTM). When the VMS writes a new route to the Hub TDM for a roaming Remote, the new route will be announced on the Hub LAN.

If this SLM-5650A is in a network that utilizes dynamic routing, click on the OSPF submenu item that appears under Routing (except for Expansion units) to access and configure the Open Shortest Path First parameters for this unit, as shown in figure 3-44.

With the exception of Topology (Mesh/Star), the parameters on this page are used to configure the standard implementation of OSPF.

1. To activate the OSPF feature for this modem, select either Full Enable or

Announcement Only from the OSPF pull-down menu.

3-40 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Additional Routing Configuration

NOTE

For Hub SLM-5650As that are providing the TDM Outbound for a satellite roaming network, set OSPF to Announcement Only. For roaming Remotes, set OSPF to Disabled.

2. Set the parameter fields as described below. For the majority of networks, the default settings are recommended.

Note: For systems that are already operating with OSPF, activation of any

parameter changes will result in a momentary stopping and re-starting of the OSPF process.

Figure 3-44

Topology

OSPF Parameters Page

The Topology parameter identifies the network type for the specified interface, Star or Mesh. Note that this setting is only applicable to Hub routers; therefore, this field is active only when the Working Mode is set to either Vipersat Hub or Multipoint Hub.

Chapter 3 - Using the Web Server Interface (WSI) 3-41

Additional Routing Configuration

In Star mode, route changes at each Remote are only updated in the Hub. In Mesh mode, route changes at each Remote are updated in the Hub as well as distributed to all of the other Remotes.

Caution: Setting the Topology for Mesh may require a larger number of routes,

with the possibility of exceeding the limit of 270 total routes per modem/router.

Area Network Address

The Network Address parameter specifies the IP address of the network at this site. This is the network to be monitored for OSPF changes.

OSPF Area

This parameter specifies the OSPF Area for this network. The default value is 0 (backbone).

Range is 0-4294967295.

Cost

The Cost setting represents the link cost for the specified interface. This value is embedded in the router’s LSA metric field and used for SPF calculation.

Default value is 65535. Range is 1-65535.

Retransmit Interval

The Retransmit Interval is the timer value for retransmitting Database Description and Link State Request packets.

Default value is 5 seconds. Range is 1-65535.

Transmit Delay

The Transmit Delay parameter sets the time period before transmitting the LSA.

Default value is 1 second. Range is 1–65535.

Priority

The higher the value for this setting, the more eligible the router will be to become the Designated Router. The Priority is also used for determining a Backup Designated Router. A value of zero (0) eliminates the router from being eligible for the DR or the BDR.

Default value is 1. Range is 0-255.

3-42 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Additional Routing Configuration

Hello Interval

The Hello Interval parameter is the timer value for sending the Hello packet on the specified interface. This is a periodic handshake and ‘keepalive’ message that establishes and tests the link up/down status to determine neighbor reachability.

Default value is 10 seconds. Range is 1-65535.

Dead Interval

The Dead Interval parameter is a timer value used for specifying the period after which a non-responding neighbor is considered dead. Note that this setting must be the same for all routers attached to a common network.

Default value is 40 seconds. Range is 1-65535.

Authentication Key

Setting the Authentication Key requires that all OSPF packets be authenticated, guaranteeing that only trusted routers will be allowed to propogate routing information. This can only be set when the Message Digest Key is not

used.

A simple password of up to eight characters can be specified.

Message Digest Key

The Message Digest Key is a security key used to create the message digest, and serves as both CRC (for file integrity) and cryptographic hash function / security encryption (128-bit). This can only be set when an Authentication Key is not

used.

Allows a cryptographic password of up to 16 characters to be specified. Note that, if the key type is not first specified, entering a string in the password field will cause this key to be used by default.

3. If parameter settings were changed, click on the Submit button.

OSPF Timeout Description

The Hub maintains a map list of all active Remotes (those sending Hellos).

Each router (SLM-5650A) maintains a counter of missed Hellos for each router (SLM-5650A) at the other end of the WAN (satellite link). This counter is reset to zero (0) upon receipt of a Hello. If the number of missed Hellos multiplied by the Hello Interval exceeds the Dead Interval, the counter is terminated, that router is removed from the Hub’s map list, and any routes that originated from

Chapter 3 - Using the Web Server Interface (WSI) 3-43

Additional Routing Configuration

that SLM-5650A are deleted. If/when a subsequent Hello is received from this same modem/router, it is treated as a first Hello and the handshake protocol is initiated once again.

To maintain any parameter changes in flash memory, select Save from the Main Menu bar.

Multicast Routing

IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) is an IP routing protocol used by IP hosts to manage their dynamic multicast group memberships on a given network. This protocol allows a host to inform its local router that it wants to receive messages addressed to a specific multicast group. The SLM-5650A modem/router can be configured to perform IGMP multicast routing functions when required by a given network.

If this SLM-5650A is in a network that utilizes multicast routing, click on the IGMP submenu item that appears under Routing (except for Expansion units) to access and configure the IGMP parameters for this unit, as shown in figure 3-45.

Figure 3-45

1. To activate the IGMP feature for this modem, select the Enable radio

IGMP Parameters Page

button.

3-44 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Additional Routing Configuration

2. Set the parameter fields as described below. For most applications, the default settings are recommended.

Query Interval

The Query Interval is the amount of time (in seconds) between IGMP general query messages sent by the router.

Default value is 60 seconds.

Response Interval

The Response Interval is the maximum amount of time (in seconds) that the IGMP router waits to receive a response to a general query message. This value must be less than the Query Interval.

Default value is 10 seconds.

Last Member Query Interval

The Last Member Query Interval is the amount of time (in seconds) that the IGMP router waits to receive a response to a group-specific query message. This is also the amount of time between successive groupspecific query messages.

Default value is 60 seconds.

Robustness

The Robustness setting is a reflection of how susceptible the subnet is to lost packets. To ensure the chances of IGMP recovery, select a higher value setting for subnets that experience higher rates of lost packets. This variable should be set to a value of 2 or greater.

Default value is 2.

Version

The Version value reflects the IGMP implementation version that is being used for this network, either v1 or v2 (v3 is not supported).

Default value is 2.

3. If parameter settings were changed, click on the Submit button.

To maintain any parameter changes in flash memory, select Save from the Main Menu bar.

Chapter 3 - Using the Web Server Interface (WSI) 3-45

Additional Routing Configuration

{ This Page is Intentionally Blank }

3-46 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

NETWORK ADDRESSING

Introduction

This Appendix is an overview of network addressing and how it applies to configuring the SLM-5650A for use in Vipersat Networks. The subjects covered are:

PPENDIX

• OSI Model

• Binary Math

• IP Addressing

• Network Address Translation

• Subnets

• Network Segments

• Default Gateways

• MAC Addresses

Appendix A - Network Addressing A-1

The OSI Reference Model

OSI is an acronym for Open Systems Interconnection. This is a network model created by ISO (the International Standardization Organization.) The OSI model is the basic standard which forms the basis for all networking protocols.

Figure A-1

The OSI model defines the building blocks used to construct a working network protocol as shown in Figure A-1. The blocks on the right show the individual layers which make up the OSI model and the blocks on the left show the layer’s functional grouping.

Each layer, as defined by the OSI model, is only aware of the layers directly above and below it.

The Seven OSI Protocol Layers

Layers 1 – 3

Layer 1 / Physical – Layer 1 defines the physical means by which actual bits are sent and received. This layer, for example, is where connectors, cable lengths, and signaling specifications are defined.

Layer 2 / Data Link – Layer 2 consist of two sub-layers:

• Logical Link Control (LLC) – The LLC packages bytes received from the

MAC into a format readable by the Network Layer above it.

• Media Access Control (MAC) – The MAC is concerned with obtaining access to the network at an appropriate time; i.e., when no other machines are communicating or when permission has been granted.

A-2 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

The OSI Reference Model

Together, these two sub-layer protocols are responsible for moving packets on and off the network.

Layer 3 / Network Layer – Layer 3 is responsible for routing packets through multiple networks. The Layer 3 protocol operates without regard to the underlying protocols in use. For example, routers operate at Layer 3.

Appendix A - Network Addressing A-3

Binary Math

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

101 100 01 = 165

11 10 0 0 0 0 = 194

1111 11 11=255

128 32

4 1

_____

165

Binary Math

Network devices communicate using BITS, where a bit is a single digit represented by a 1 or a 0, or by using BYTEs, where a byte is made up of eight bits in any combination of 1’s or 0’s. A byte is also referred to as an octet.

Figure A-2

Bits and Bytes

An octet can be converted to or from binary using the technique shown in the decimal conversion chart in Figure A-3. The conversion chart also shows the decimal equivalent of the binary number.

Figure A-3

Binary to Decimal Conversion

Bits containing a 1 in Figure A-3 determine which decimal values should be added. These decimal values, when added together, determine the decimal equivalent for the binary number.

This is an example of changing a number expressed in binary (base 2) to its decimal equivalent (base 10). The numeric value is the same, you have only

A-4 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Binary Math

changed the numbering base (radix.) All digital processes are done in binary. The conversion to decimal is done whenever binary values need to be read or entered by humans as their decimal equivalents.

Appendix A - Network Addressing A-5

IP Addressing

An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique set of numbers assigned to a device on a network to uniquely identify that device (by its IP address).

An IP address is a unique number composed of four octets, with each octet separated by a dot. This notation style is called dotted decimal notation.

Each IP address can be broken down into two parts, as shown in the example below:

Example:

128.121.188.201

The first two octets are the network ID: The second two octets are the host ID:

128.121

188.201

• Network ID - In this example, the 128.121 portion of the IP address defines the network that a host belongs to, and is equivalent to a street name in a mailing address.

•Host ID - The 188.201 portion of the IP address specifies a unique number assigned to the host on the network, and is equivalent to a house number in a mailing address.

IP Address Classes

IP addresses are assigned to classes according the schedule shown in Figure A-4. IP address classes are assigned as follows:

Class A

• 1.x.x.x to 126.x.x.x(0 and 127 are reserved)

• 126 Class As exist

• Can have 16,777,214 hosts on each Class A

• 8-bit network number

• 24-bit node number

Class B

• 128.0.x.x to 191.254.x.x

• 16,384 Class Bs exist

• Can have 65,354 hosts on each Class B

A-6 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

• 16-bit network number

CLASS A

CLASS B

CLASS C

2,097,152

16,384

126

Networks Available

192-223.x.y.z

128-191.x.y.z

1-126.x.y.z

Octet

Decimal Range

254110 Class C

65,53410Class B

16,777,2140Class A

Hosts Available

HighOrder-Bits

Address Class

2,097,152

16,384

126

Networks Available

192-223.x.y.z

128-191.x.y.z

1-126.x.y.z

Octet

Decimal Range

254110 Class C

65,53410Class B

16,777,2140Class A

Hosts Available

HighOrder-Bits

Address Class

• 16-bit node number

IP Addressing

Figure A-4

IP Address Classes A, B, C

Class C

• 192.0.1.x to 223.255.254.x

• 2,097,152 Class Cs exist

• Can have 254 hosts on each Class C

• 24-bit network number

Class D

• 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255

• 8-bit node number

• Reserved for Multicast (messages sent to many hosts).

Appendix A - Network Addressing A-7

IP Addressing

Ethernet

Host 1

Host 2

NAT Router

Internet

192.168.0.2

192.168.0.3

192.168.0.1 Public IP

Class E

• 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255

• Reserved for experimental use and limited broadcast

Private Network IP Addresses

RFC 1918 defines blocks of addresses for use on private networks:

• 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255

• 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255

• 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255

Network Address Translation (NAT)

Private networks can only connect to the public Internet by using a Network Address Translation (NAT) device (a router, for example) or a proxy server which has been assigned a public IP address. These network devices use a public IP address to request information from the Internet on behalf of the private IP addressed devices on the associated private network.

Figure A-5

NAT Router Example

This use of private addresses helps to conserve public IP addresses.

Subnets

Subnets can be defined as the further segmentation of the InterNIC assigned Network ID IP address. The amount and type of subnetting performed by the organization is determined by the network layout.

A-8 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

IP Addressing

11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000255.255.255.0Class C

11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000255.255.0.0Class B

11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000255.0.0.0Class A

Mask Binary ValueMask Decimal ValueAddress Class

11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000255.255.255.0Class C

11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000255.255.0.0Class B

11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000255.0.0.0Class A

Mask Binary ValueMask Decimal ValueAddress Class

CLASS A

CLASS B

CLASS C

In the process of subnetting, bits are borrowed from the host ID portion of an IP address and are then given to the network ID. Then a “Subnet Mask” gets assigned to the host along with the IP address.

Subnetting is required if the network is segmented.

Subnet Mask

The Subnet Mask is used by the host to determine if a destination IP address is on the local or on a remote network segment. The table in Figure A-6 shows the default subnet mask used for each class of IP address.

Figure A-6

Default Subnet Masks for IP Classes

The IP address and subnet mask work with each other to identify a network element or device. The subnet mask, like an IP address, contains 4 octets separated by a dot (.) and looks similar to an IP address.

The subnet mask determines what bits in the IP address are being used to determine the network ID by using the Boolean math operator and in a process called anding. Anding compares each bit value in the IP address with the bit value in the subnet mask. The result of the anding process determines which subnet the IP address is on. The Boolean and operator works as follows:

0 and 0 = 0 1 and 0 = 0 1 and 1 = 1

The table shown in Figure A-7 shows the anding of two binary values and the corresponding decimal equivalents for each of the values.

Appendix A - Network Addressing A-9

IP Addressing

ANDing Result

Subnet Mask

IP Address

11000000.10101000.00000010.00000000192.168.2.0

11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000255.255.255.0

11000000.10101000.00000010.01000010192.168.2.66

Binary Values

Dotted Decimal Address

ANDing Result

Subnet Mask

IP Address

11000000.10101000.00000010.00000000192.168.2.0

11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000255.255.255.0

11000000.10101000.00000010.01000010192.168.2.66

Binary Values

Dotted Decimal Address

Figure A-7

ANDing an IP address and a subnet mask

A free calculator, available from SolarWinds, performs these IP and subnet mask calculations and can be found at:

www.solarwinds.com/products/freetools/

Network Segments

A “Network Segment” is a portion of a network that is bordered by two router interfaces as shown in Figure A-8.

A-10 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Each network segment must either be on a different network or a different subnet. For example, if you have a single IP address available, you can change the default mask from 255.255.255.0 to 255.255.255.192. The resulting calculation yields four subnets:

• 192.168.100.0

• 192.168.100.64

• 192.168.100.128

• 192.168.100.192

Figure A-8

Network Segments

IP Addressing

Each of the four subnets can, in turn, support 64 members.

The example subnet used above yielded 4 subnets, but you can use a different mask to meet the specific requirements of your network.

Default Gateways

A default gateway is a network device, usually a router, that is responsible for routing data packets out of the local network segment.

The address of the gateway is entered into the devices on the local network, providing them with a location to send data that is destined for another segment.

Figure A-9

Router as Default Gateway

MAC Addresses

A MAC address is a physical hardware address that gets assigned to the interface of a networking device. This address is typically created and burned into a device’s ROM during the manufacturing process. MAC addresses are unique to the device and are not typically user-assignable.

The MAC address is used for Layer 2 (Data Link) communications between networking devices, and consists of 12 alpha-numeric characters as shown in the example below:

Example: 00-3f-bf-00-01-45

Appendix A - Network Addressing A-11

IP Addressing

• The first six characters are issued to the organization.

• The second six characters are assigned to the hardware interface by

manufacturing.

Figure A-10

Network Node MAC Addresses

A-12 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

AUTOMATIC SWITCHING

General

Automatic switching is a feature of the VMS that allows dynamically changing the network configuration in response to changes in either traffic type network traffic loads (Load switching) or Type of Service (ToS) detecting stamped packets with Diffserv values.

PPENDIX

The following material applies to the Vipersat SLM-5650A. For purposes of simplicity, these units shall be referred to as modem/routers.

The basic signal topology in a Vipersat network is TDM (Time Division Multiplex) outbound and Vipersat’s proprietary STDMA (Selected Time Division Multiple Access) inbound. The STDMA slots can have their duration and bandwidth allotments varied, tailoring bandwidth allocation to meet the bursty traffic load of a typical data network.

When required, a network is switched from STDMA to SCPC. SCPC bandwidth is allocated from a bandwidth pool by the VMS to meet QoS or other requirements for the duration of a connection. When the SCPC connection is no longer required, the bandwidth is returned to the pool for use by another client.

This basic structure gives the VMS-controlled network its flexible, automated network utilization and optimization capability.

The VMS has the intelligence to interpret the constantly changing statistics gathered by the Vipersat modem/routers and uses this data to issue commands back to these intelligent modem/routers, effectively managing the Vipersat network operation in real time, and optimizing each user’s bandwidth usage to

Appendix B - Automatic Switching B-1

General

meet their QoS and cost requirements within their bandwidth allocation. The result is a stable satellite network connection that automatically responds to the customer’s requirements while continuously monitoring and reacting to changing load, data type, and QoS requirements.

B-2 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide

Comtech EF Data SLM-5650A User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Vipersat

SLM-5650A

GENERAL

How to Use This Manual

Manual Organization

Chapter 1 — General

Chapter 2 — Quick Start Configuration

Chapter 3 — Using the Web Server Interface (WSI)

Appendix A — Network Addressing

Appendix B — Automatic Switching

Appendix C — Dynamic Power Control

Appendix D — Glossary

Conventions and References

Product Description

Introduction

Modem Features

Router Features

Network and Bandwidth Management

Dynamic SCPC (dSCPC)

Turbo Product Coding

New in this Revision

v1.7.1 Release

Dynamic Routing via OSPF

DPC Calibration for Maximum Power

LAN Enhancements

Flow Control

Proxy ARP

VLAN

v1.8.1 Release

Acquisition Mode

v1.9.1 Release

Satellite Roaming (SOTM)

IGMP Multicast Routing

Bridged Point-to-Multipoint (BPM) Routing Mode

Multi-TDM Tunneling Mode

STDMA Power Hunt

Customer Support

Contact Information

Return Material Authorization

Reader Comments / Corrections

QUICK START CONFIGURATION

Introduction

Initial Configuration

LAN Connection

Network Role

Setting Vipersat SLM-5650A Operating Parameters

Verify/Enter FAST Feature

Set the Vipersat Working Mode

Set the IP Addressing

Configure the Route Table

Routing in a Vipersat Network

Creating the Static Routes

Dynamic Routing with OSPF

Multicast Routing with IGMP

Set the Satellite Modem Configuration

Set the Vipersat Configuration

Set the Home State

USING THE WEB SERVER INTERFACE (WSI)

General

Menu Descriptions

Main Menu Bar

Common Menu Commands

Save Parameters to Permanent Storage

Log Off

Information

Administration

Vipersat Mode

Routing Mode

FAST Features

Vipersat Configuration

Vipersat

Vipersat Role

Node Name

Network ID

Receive Multicast Address

Managing IP Address