All rights reserved. CompatiView, RISC Router, MicroRouter,
IntraPort and IntraGuard are trademarks of Compatible Systems
Corporation. Other trademarks are the property of their respective
holders.
•Follow the instructions in the Installation Guide for your internetworking
device to connect it to your network.
•Install CompatiView by running the install program included on the
CD-ROM which was included with your Compatible Systems device.
•Run CompatiView.
•Select a network transport protocol using the Database menu’s Options
dialog box.
•Add your device to CompatiView’s device view using the Open menu
item under the File menu.
•Click on your device in the Device View to open a list of configuration
section icons. The default password is “letmein.”
•Open configuration dialog boxes by double clicking on the prot ocol
icons under each configuration section icon.
•Edit the device’s default configuration using these dialog boxes.
•Download your changes to the device using the Save to Device menu
item in the File menu.
vNote: Parameters and options in thi s manual wh ic h are mar ked wi t h a
symbol must be set in order to use the associated device feature.
vNote: If this Quickstart section is a little too quick, don’t wo rry. This
manual completely documents CompatiView. Y ou can use it as a refer ence to
learn more about any of the steps listed above.
>
2 Chapter 1 - Installation and Overview
About this Manual
This manual documents CompatiView v5.3, which can be used to configure
and manage all Compatible Systems products except the MicroRouter 900i
and 1000R and the RISC Router 3000E. Co mpatiView v4.8x may be us ed to
configure those devices.
CompatiView v4.8x is available in the Network Management\CompatiView\Windows directory on the CD-ROM that was included with your shipping package and in the Software Downloads section of our Web site
(http://www.compatible.com).
CompatiView v5.3 is for Windows environments only. An older version of
CompatiView which is Macintosh-compatible is available in the Network
Management\CompatiView\Macint osh directory on the C D-ROM and on our
Web site.
For the latest documentation on Compatible Systems products, including the
most current version of this manual, visit the Technical Support section of our
Web site.
CompatiView Installation Notes
CompatiView can be installed or updated simply by running the installation
program which is located in the Network Management/CompatiView/Windows directory on the CD-ROM. The program will install CompatiView and its associated files on the drive you specify.
System Requirements for Windows
CompatiView for Windows requires a 486 machine or faster, running
Microsoft Windows 95 or later, or Windows NT (version 4.0 or later).
vNote: Windows 95, Wind ows 98 and Wi ndows NT are s hipped with IP an d
IPX protocol stacks. See your operating system documentation for instructions on setting up these st acks.
Selecting IP or IPX Operation with Windows
CompatiView for Windows defaults to using IP as a transport protocol. The
IP protocol does not provide a method for CompatiView to automatically
discover the device. To initially contact the device over IP using CompatiView, you must first enter a valid IP address into the device. You can do th is
either on a console directly connected to the device or by setting a workstation’s IP address to 198.41.1 2.2 wit h a Cl ass C su bnet mas k (255 .255.2 55.0)
so that it can communicate over Ethernet with 198.41.12.1 (the shipping
Chapter 1 - Installation and Overview3
default of Ethernet A/0 on all devices). After setting the device’s IP address,
be sure to change the workstation’s configuration back to its original settings.
To use IPX, which will allow you to contact the device without setting any
parameters over the device’s Cons ole port, you can either set the ap propriate
radio button in th e Database menu’s Options dialog box or click on the IP/IPX
box at the bottom of the main CompatiView screen. (The status bar must be
checked in the View menu for the latter to work.)
CompatiView’s Menus and Main Windows
There are four main menus and three main windows in CompatiView. The
File, Database and Control menus are loosely tied to the Device View and
Main Windows. The Statistics menu is directly tied to the Output Window.
More information on the windows and menus follows.
•The File menu’s options are primarily focused on the creation, editing
and saving of confi guration fil es and dev ice configur ation file s. The two
types of configuration files are different in that generic configuration
files have not been associated with any particular de vice. These files can
be used as templates to speed up the configuration of multiple devices.
Device configuration files are files which came directly from a particular
device.
•The Database menu allows you to create and m anage lists of devices . All
of the devices on your network can be grouped together for administration in a single Device View, or they can be divided up into smaller
groups. This menu also allows you to set CompatiView preferences and
device properties.
•The Control menu allows you to update device software, do TFTP
downloads and restart devices.
•The Statistics menu provides in-depth technical information on a
device’s operation, including packet statistics and routing table listings
as appropriate. Output from the Statistics menu commands will appear in
the Output Window’s Command Line Output tab.
CompatiView also provides several other menus.
•The View menu, with options for toolbar settings, an on/off setting for
the status bar, and an on/off setting for Workbook Mode, which places
tabs under the configuration dialog boxes.
•The Window menu, which controls the placement of windows and
screens and allows you to move between open windows.
4 Chapter 1 - Installation and Overview
•The Help menu, which provides standard help functions.
vNote: Some of the menu items will be grayed o ut u nless you ar e curr ently
logged into a device. Where applicable, menu selections are put into effec t for
the current device. This is the device which is currently highlighted in the
Device View and is shown in the title of the CompatiView screen.
The Device View and the Main Window
The Device View The Main Window
The Device View displays a lis t of configurat ions. These conf igurations may
be generic configuration files which are not associated with a particular
device, or they may be a specific device’s configuration file. The File menu
allows you to add both types of configurations to the Device View.
Included in the window are the configuration’s name, type, network address,
and a checkmark if it has been loaded. Clicking on the + symbol next to a
device loads the device’s configuration into CompatiView’s memory and
brings up a list of the device’s configuration section icons, such as device
information, interfaces, global device settings, and options. Some of these
configuration section icons contain a further list of protocol icons.
Chapter 1 - Installation and Overview5
If the device is a multislot product such as a VSR or IntraPort Enterprise, both
the slot number and the interface number are shown, separated by a colon
(e.g., Ethernet 0:0 indicates Slot 0, Ethernet 0, while Ethernet 1:0 indicates
Slot 1, Ethernet 0).
Administrative information will also be included if it has been set u sin g the
Item Properties option under the Database Menu.
The list of configuration items associated with each device is an edit area. To
view or edit the configuration information for a specific interface and
protocol, click on the protocol icon. A configuration dialog box will be
opened in the Main Window.
The information in these configuration dialog boxes is used by a device’s
operating software to determine how it will interface with wide area communications devices, communicate on IPX subnets, filter network packets, etc.
If you determine that a device needs to use new or different configuration
information, you must change the configuration file which is stored in its
Flash ROM. (See the File Menu section for more information on downloading a set of configuration parameters to a device.)
If you have made changes to a configuration and then quit CompatiView
without downloading those changes, they will be lost.
If the parameters in an edit area ar e different from the configuration wh ich is
currently in the device (because of changes you have made in the edit area),
the protocol, interface and device labels in the Device View will be red.
vNote: Compatible Systems devices are designed to require less configura-
tion than other devices. Whenever possible, auto-configuration is used to
preset parameters with working values.
Right-Clicking in the Device View
Right-clicking when the mouse is on any item within the Device View will
bring up a menu which allows you to add or delete subinterfaces and VPN
ports, restart or delete the selected device, or set administrative properties,
including how the device will handle Save commands (see the Save/Restart
Tab under the Database Menu for more information). The other options are
also available as menu items and are documented in detail under the appropriate menu section.
6 Chapter 1 - Installation and Overview
The File Menu
The File menu provides options which allow you to create and manage
configurations in CompatiView’s Device View.
New Config
This option loads default parameters for a particular type of device in the
Device View. You will first be asked to select a device type from a list. This
option may be useful to preconfigure a device or to use as a base configuration for multiple devices.
You can edit and view the parameter information by double-clicking on the
protocol icons under each configuration section icon. This window will
immediately reflect any values you change in the edit area.
>Open - Device
This option provides a way to load a device’s configuration into CompatiView’s Device View.
The exact method of adding a device depends on the transport protocol you
are using with CompatiView.
•If you are using the IPX transport stack, this menu item will open a list
of all the Compatible Systems devices on your networ k. Items wh ich are
not already entered in CompatiView’s Device View are marked with an
* in front of the device name.
•If you are using the IP transport stack, this menu item will open a
window in which you can enter the IP address or domain name of a
device.
Open - Config File
This option loads a previously saved configuration file from disk. This will
open a browser to allow you to select a configuration file.
>Save to - Device
This option allows you to download the changes you have made to a configuration from CompatiView to a device’s Flash ROM. Enter the IP address or
a DNS (Domain Name Service) Name for the device to download a configuration to.
Chapter 1 - Installation and Overview7
Download Config to Device Dialog Box
Save / Restart Options
The settings in this dialog box are specific for this device. For global
Save/Restart settings use the Database menu, select options, and choose the
Save/Restart tab. To change the Save/Restart mode for a particular device,
modify the “Device Properties” for that device.
•Save config and restart device. This parameter will save an edited
configuration to the device’s Flash ROM and restart the device to apply
the changes. This is the equivalent of the command line’s save
command.
•Save config, but don’t restart device. This parameter will save an
edited configuration without restarting the device. The changes will not
be applied until the device is restarted. This is the equivalent of the
command line’s write command.
•Don’t save config, but use new config immediately. This parameter
will apply an edited (but not saved) configuration to the device’s current
operations. If a restart occurs, changes will be lost. This is the equivalent
of the command line’s apply edited command.
•Save config and use immediately without restarting. This parameter
will save an edited configuration and immediately apply it to the device’s
8 Chapter 1 - Installation and Overview
current operations without restarting the device. This is the equivalent of
issuing the apply command and then the write command in the
command line.
While the download is taking place, arrows will move in a circular motion
around the device icon in the Device View. To display the amoun t of time left
for the download, click on the + sign next to the device icon.
M Caution:Turning off a de vice in the mi ddle of a download m ay cause it to
lose its operating software. Please wait at least 5 minutes before deciding
that a download has failed to be stored in Flash ROM.
Save To - File
This option saves a configuration as a text file. Use this option to back up the
configurations you have downloaded to the devices on your network. When
you select this item, you will be asked to enter a file name. The edit area
which is exported will correspond to the current configuration.
vNote: Configuration text files are useful to Compatible Systems technical
support when diagnosing network problems. It is generally a good idea to
keep a full set of backup copies of your device configurations in case one of
your devices develops a hardware fault and must be r eplaced. It is not recommended that a text file be used to edit the configuration, since there is no
syntax checker and even small mistakes can create configuration errors.
If any changes are made to a configuration text file while CompatiView has
the configuration loaded, CompatiView will ask whether you wish to reload
the text file or keep CompatiView’s version. If you keep CompatiView’s
version, any externally made changes will be lost.
Subinterface
This option allows you to add or delete an IP subinterface to one of the
device’s current interfaces. Add opens a dialog box which allows you to
specify a port and the subinterface number to create. Delete opens a confirmation prompt to delete the subinterface. You must have a subinterface
selected to enable the Delete option.
VPN Port
This option allows you to add or delete VPN ports for the device. Add opens
a dialog box which allows you to specify the VPN port number to create.
Delete opens a conf irmation prom pt to delete the port . You must have a VPN
port selected to enable the Delete option.
Firewall Path
This option allows you to add or delete firewall paths for an IntraGuard Firewall. Add opens a dialog box which allows you to name the firewall path.
Chapter 1 - Installation and Overview9
Delete opens a confirmation pro mpt to del ete the path. You must have a firewall path selected to enable the Delete option.
View
This menu item brings up the Local Config View tab in the Output Window,
which displays the configuration text file for the current device.
Print
This menu item prints the configuration text file for the current device.
Recent File
This menu item holds a list of files that have recently been saved.
>Exit
Exiting takes you out of CompatiView. If you made changes to the information in one or more edit areas (which will now appear in red) and have not
saved or downloaded them, you will be given an opportunity to do so.
The Database Menu
New Device Database
This option allows you to create con figuration database fi les. If no other dat abase files have been created, CompatiView automatically saves a database
file, “MASTER.INI,” every time you close. When you use this option, an
empty configuration database will be created to which you may add new
devices and configurations.
Open Device Database
This option allows you to open existing configuration database files. When
you use this option, a list of files will be opened. Select a file from the list, or
browse through the files to find the one you want.
Delete Device
Use this menu option to delete a configuration from CompatiView’s Device
View.
First, mark the configuration in the list you wish to delete by clicking on it.
When you select the Delete menu option, you will be asked whether you wish
to remove the configuration from the Device View.
Device Properties
Use this menu option to add administrative information for a particular
device. You can enter a device’s physical location, a contact name for the
device, and a phone number for the contact. This information is maintained
in CompatiView and is not downloaded into the device.
10 Chapter 1 - Installation and Overview
Options
This menu item brings up a dialog box which lets y ou set a varie ty of option s
having to do with CompatiView’s operation.
Database Options Dialog Box
General Tab
•IPX Transport - IP Transport. This set of radio buttons determines
whether CompatiView for Windows will use IPX or IP as a transport.
•Load IPX upon s tartup. CompatiView runs IPX behind the scenes to
generate IPX tables. I f you do not have IPX on your system, you may
want to leave this box unchecked so that CompatiView will not load IPX
upon startup.
•Store Passwords. This checkbox controls whether CompatiView saves
device passwords in its Device View. If you store passwords, you will
not need to enter them each time you log into a device.
•Auto Open on Add Device. This checkbox controls whether a device
configuration will be opened when it is added to the Device View.
•Automatically Reload Externally Modified Config Files. If this box is
checked, all changes made to the configuration files will automatically
Chapter 1 - Installation and Overview11
be loaded to the file on disk. If left unchecked, you will be prompted each
time the config files are changed and not loaded to disk.
•Hide Data in Secure fields. This checkbox will not show passwords in
display dialogs or edit boxes, or the text configuration of the current
device in Local Config View at the bottom of the screen. If this box is n ot
checked, passwords will be displayed in the clear.
•Cascade new windows as they are opened. This checkbox specifies
how the dialog boxes in the Main Window are displayed.
Confirmations Tab
•Confirm before deleting devices from the database. This checkbox
controls whether a confirmation prompt will appear before a device is
deleted from the Device View.
•Confirm before deleting subinterfaces. This checkbox controls
whether a confirmation prompt will appear before an IP subinterface is
deleted.
•Confirm before deleting VPN Ports. This checkbox controls whether a
confirmation prompt will appear before a VPN port is deleted.
•Confirm before deleting Firewall Paths. This checkbox controls
whether a confirmation prompt will appear before a firewall path is
deleted.
•Confirm configuration download. This checkbox controls whether a
confirmation prompt will appear before a configuration is downloaded to
a device.
•Confirm before restarting devices. This checkbox controls whether a
confirmation prompt will appear before a device is restarted.
•Confirm before resetting device statistics. This checkbox controls
whether a confirmation prompt will appear before resetting device statistics.
Save/Restart Tab
v Note: These selections are global and only sets the “default” for a device
when it is added to the database. They do not change the mode for a device.
To change the Save/Restart mode f or a particular device, modify the “Device
Properties” for that device.
•Save config and restart device. This parameter will save an edited
configuration to the device’s Flash ROM and restart the device to apply
the changes. This is the equivalent of the command line’s save
command.
12 Chapter 1 - Installation and Overview
•Save config, but don’t restart device. This parameter will save an
edited configuration without restarting the device. The changes will not
be applied until the device is restarted. This is the equivalent of the
command line’s write command.
•Don’t save config, but use new config immediately. This parameter
will apply an edited (but not saved) configuration to the device’s current
operations. If a restart occurs, changes will be lost. This is the equivalent
of the command line’s apply edited command.
•Save config and use immediately without restarting. This parameter
will save an edited configuration and immediately apply it to the device’s
current operations without restarting the device. This is the equivalent of
issuing the apply command and then the write command in the
command line.
vNote: Some of these options are not yet available for all Compatible
Systems products. To find out whether your device supports them, you must
right-click on any configuration item for that device in the Device View and
select Properties from the popup menu, then click on the Save/Restart tab.
Advanced Tab
•Packet Retry Interval. This parameter determines how long Compati-
View will wait for a response from a device before resending a packet.
The default value is 10 seconds.
•Maximum Connection Timeout. This parameter determines how long
CompatiView will continue retryi ng before giving up . The default val ue
is 40 seconds.
•SAP Update Interval. This parameter determines how frequently
CompatiView will retrieve SAP packets. When IPX is in use, lowering
this number may make devices appear more quickly when adding new
devices to the Device View. The default value is 20 seconds.
vNote: The default value of 40 seconds for the Maximum Connection
Timeout is long enough to bring up a modem-based dial-on-demand link.
The Control Menu
The Control menu is primarily concerned with operations on physical
devices.
Compatible Systems product s use F lash ROM technol ogy to stor e their op erating software and configuration parameters. Flash Rooms can be rewritten
tens of thousands of times and will maintain the information which has been
written in them regardless of whether they are powered on or not.
Chapter 1 - Installation and Overview13
The Control menu lets you update the software contained in the Flash ROM
of a device.
Download Software
When new features are added to the operating software for a particular type
of device, you may wish to update a device with the new version.
When you are using IPX tran sport protocols and select this option, a wi ndow
listing all eligible devices will appear. You will first be asked to select one or
more devices (which must all be of the same type). To s elect multiple devices,
hold down the Control key on your keyboard while clicking on devices.
When you are using IP transport protocols and select this option, you will be
asked to enter an IP address (the IP address of the current device will be
provided as a hint when the window opens).
Once you select one or more devices, CompatiView will log in to the first
device in the list (requesting a password from you if it isn’t stored in C ompatiView), and then will ask you to select a download file from disk. This file
will be downloaded into Flash ROM in the device(s).
Although the old software stored in Flash ROM will be overwritten, the
device will maintain any configuration information (addresses, device name,
password, etc.) you had previously loaded.
vNote: Whenever the Flash ROM in a device is downloaded, whether with
new software or with a new configuration, the device will automatically be
restarted. The download/restart process will take from 1 to 2 minutes,
depending on the amount of memory in the device.
TFTP Download
This menu option allows you to use the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
to download software to a device. This feature is generally only useful if you
have erased the operating software in a device’s Flash ROM and are
attempting to reload it.
When you select the option, you will be asked for an IP address. CompatiView will then provide a file dialog to allow you to choose the dow nload file.
vNote: T FTP can also be used to download operating software into a device
which is running standard software from Flash ROM.
Restart Device
Use this menu option to restart a device in CompatiView’s Device View.
Mark the device in the list you wish to restart by clicking on it. The device
you select will be restarted after you select this menu item.
14 Chapter 1 - Installation and Overview
The Output Window
The CompatiView Output Window
There is an Output Window at the bottom of the Device View which lets you
quickly check the current status of the selected configuration parameter or
review the device configuration. The tabs show different types of parameter
values. In some cases, these parame ters may be differe nt than tho se stored in
the device’s Flash ROM due to auto-configuration.
The Output Window is broken up into three tabbed sections.
•The Local Config View tab displays the complete device configuration
and will reflect any changes you have made in the edit area for a d evice.
•The Device Information tab displays the hardware configuration of the
device.
•The Command Line Output tab is where output from the Stat istics
menu options will appear. This tab also displays information currently in
effect on the device.
The Statistics Menu
This menu allows you to display protocol routing tables and other information
for a device. The output from these options is displayed in the Command Line
Output tab in the Output Window. The specific menu options available
depend on the current device type.
The first set of menu items displays the same information that is available
when using certain commands within the command line interface. Refer to
the section in the Text-Based Configuration and Command Line Reference Guide as indicated for a detailed description of the output from these menu
items.
vNote: If you are experienced with internetworking devices, the information
in these windows will be familiar to you. If you are not, this information can
Chapter 1 - Installation and Overview15
be used by Compatible Systems technical support to determine the cause of
many problems.
Ethernet
This menu item displays ethernet port statistics and is the equivalent of the
command line’s show ethernetstatistics command. (See the ethernet(show) section.)
WAN State
This menu item displays WAN port status and connection statistics and is the
equivalent of the command line’s show wan state command. (See the wan(show) section.)
Serial Statistics
This menu item displays packet and physical layer statistics for the WAN
ports and is the equivalent of the command line’s s how wan serial statistics
command. (See the wan(show) section.)
RADIUS
This menu item displays packet statistics for the RADIUS client and is the
equivalent of the comma nd li ne’s show radius st atisti cs command. (See the radius(show) section.)
PPP Statistics
This menu item displays packet statistics for WAN interfaces set for PPP and
is the equivalent of the command line’s show ppp statistics co mmand . (See
the ppp(show) section.)
Frame Relay Statistics
This menu item displays packet statistics for WAN interfaces set for Frame
Relay and is the equivalent of the command line’s show frelay statistics
command. (See the frelay(show) section.)
Frame Relay State
This menu item displays the status of the PVCs (Permanent Virtual Circuits)
on WAN interfaces set for Frame Relay and is the equivalent of the comman d
line’s show frelay pvc command. (See the frelay(show) section.)
ARP Cache
This menu item displays the ARP cache, which is the mapping b etween high
level protocol addresses and physi cal addresses . Thi s comm and is the equi valent of the command line’s show arp command. (See the arp(show)
section.)
16 Chapter 1 - Installation and Overview
IP Route Table
This menu item displays the IP route table and is the equivalent of the
command line’s show ip routing command. (See the ip(show) section.)
IP Routing
This menu item displays IP statistics and is the equivalent of the command
line’s show ip statistics command. (See the ip(show) sectio n.)
IPX Route Table
This menu item displays the IPX route table, and is the equivalent of the
command line’s show ipx routing command. (See the ipx(show) section.)
IPX SAP Table
This menu item displays the IPX server table, and is the equivalent of the
command line’s show ipx sap command. (See the ipx(show) section.)
AppleTalk Route Table
This menu item displays the AppleTalk route table and is the equivalent of
the command line’s show appletalk routing command. (See the apple-talk(show) section.)
AppleTalk Routing
This menu item displays AppleTalk statistics and is the equivalent of the
command line’s show appletalk statistics command. (See the apple-talk(show) section.)
OSPF Configuration
This menu item displays user-co nfigured values that are curren tly being used
by the OSPF protocol and is the equivalent of the command line’s show ospf config command. (See the ospf(show) section).
OSPF Packet Statistics
This menu item displays how many of each of the five types of OSPF packets
(Hello, Database Description, Link State Request, Link State Update, and
Link State Acknowledgement) have been received and sent. This is the equivalent of the command line’s show ospf st ats comm and. (See the ospf(show)
section).
OSPF Interface Database
This menu item displays the OSPF interface database and is the equivalent of
the command line’s show ospf if command. (See the ospf(show) section).
Chapter 1 - Installation and Overview17
OSPF Neighbors
This menu item displays an abbreviated list of current neighbors an their state.
This is equivalent to the command line’s show ospf nbr command. (See the ospf(show) section)
Buffer
This menu item displays detailed information on the current status of the
device’s memory allocation and is the equivalent of the command line’s show os memory command. (See the os(show) section.)
Show Restart Info
This menu item displays detailed information about the status of the device
when the last restart event occurred, and is the equivalent of the command
line’s show os resevent command. (See the os(show) section.)
Device Log
This menu item displays the log buffer, and is the equivalent of the command
line’s show system log buffer command. (See the system(show) section.)
Command Line Interface
This menu item allows you to enter other show commands in the Command
Line entry box, as described below.
Reset Statistics
This menu item sends a command to the current device which causes it to
reset all of its statistic counters.
The Command Line Edit Box
The Command Line Edit Box
This box is both a pull-down list and an edit box which allows you to enter
command line show commands. Any Statistics menu item you use will be
added to this pull-down menu . To enter other show commands which are not
included in the Statistics menu, choose the Statistics menu’s Command Line
Interface option to enter the command in the edit box. Press the Return key to
send the command to the device.
vNote: Other types of commands (e.g., reset, add, etc.) are not fully
supported by CompatiView. Only show commands should be used.
18 Chapter 1 - Installation and Overview
Moving and Customizing the Windows
Right-clicking in the area between windows brings up a popup menu which
controls the placement of the windows.
•Allow Docking. This menu option, when checked, allows the window to
be docked in a firm place within the main window.
•Hide. This menu option will hide the selected window. Use the Window
menu to view a hidden window again.
Clicking and dragging the double bars at the top or side of a window allows
you to move the window around on the screen, according to the options
described above. Pressing the Control key as you click and drag will disable
docking, and the window can be placed anywhere on the screen, including
outside the Main window.
The View menu
Use this menu option to view your display in full screen or in workbook
mode. You can also change the size of the window or move the window
around the screen by clicking and dragging the double bars at the top of the
window.
Customize
To customize the display windows, select Customize in the View menu. This
dialog box gi ves options for customizing the to olbars and command icon s.
Chapter 1 - Installation and Overview19
Customize Window View Dialog Box
Toolbars
This tab allows you to choose the toolbars that you want in your display
window.
Commands
This tab allows you to create your own toolbar by placing device commands
or command line button s onto any toolbar.
The Window Menu
This menu allows you to toggle the d atabase workspace (device view) and the
output window. You can also choose how your windows will be displayed in
the workspace.
Chapter 2 - IP Routing & Bridging21
Chapter 2 - IP Routing & Bridging
TCP/IP Routing: Ethernet Dialog Box
TCP/IP Routing: Ethernet Configuration Dialog Box
vNote: If you need more infor mation about t he IP protocol, see “IP 101” in
the Appendices to this manual.
To access this dialog box, select Ethernet/TCP/IP Routing from the Device
View.
>IP Routing/Bridging/Off
This set of radio buttons controls how IP packets are handled for this interface.
•If set to IP Routing, then IP packets received o n this interface are routed
to the correct interface on the router.
•If set to IP Bridging, then any IP packets received on this interface are
forwarded to the router’s internal bridge. This setting makes this Ethernet
interface a member of the “IP Bridge Group” for this router.
22 Chapter 2 - IP Routing & Bridging
vNote: The IP Bridging radio button will be grayed out unless bridging has
been turned on globally for the device using the Main Bridgi ng Configuration
Dialog Box (under Global/Bridging) and locally on this interface using the
Bridging: Ethernet Dialog Box (under Ethernet/Bridging).
•If set to IP Off, then any IP packets received on this interface are
discarded.
>IP Address
Every network interface on an IP internetwork must have a unique
that identifies that interface to other devices on the internetwork. Part of this
address identifies the network segment the router interface is connected to,
and the remainder uniquely identifies the router interface itself.
This address should be entered as four decimal numbers separ ated by periods
-- for example 198.238.9.1
vNote: The single most common problem encountered in IP networking is
the use of a duplicate IP address. You must carefully track the network
numbers you have ass igned to vari ous devices i n order to avo id hard-to -diagnose problems.
IP address
>Network IP Subnet Mask
Most IP networks use “subnetting” in order to subdivide a large network into
smaller logical sub-networks. The subnet mask value is used to tell the router
what part of the IP address identifies the network segment (the “network”
portion), and what part identifies individual interfaces (the “host” portion).
There are three generally used “classes” of subnetted IP networks: A, B and
C. Each class uses a different amount of the IP address for the network and
host portions. These classes may also be further divided by correctly setting
the subnet mask.
If you do not enter a number in the Subnet Mask field, CompatiView will
derive a default value from the IP Address number you entered just above.
This default assumes you want a single subnet for all of the available host
addresses. You must manually set the field if you want to further divide the
address range.
To have CompatiView calculate a default mask, make sure that the Subnet
Mask field is empty, position the cursor in the IP Address field, then just tab
through the Subnet Mask field.
>Network IP Broadcast Address
The router will use this a ddress to s end any IP broadcast messages. The s ta ndard broadcast address is all 255’s (hexadecimal FFs) in the host portion of
Chapter 2 - IP Routing & Bridging23
the address. A few networks use all zeroes in this field. If you are unsure
which type your network uses, check with your network administrator.
To have CompatiView calculate a default broadcast address, make sure that
the Broadcast Address field is empty, position the curso r in the Subnet Mas k
field, then just tab through the Broadcast Address field.
>Routing Protocol
Routers exchange information about the most effective path for packet
transfer between various end poin ts. There are a number of different protocols
which have been defined to facilitate the exchange of this information.
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) 1 is the most widely used routing
protocol on IP netw ork s. A l l gat ew ays and routers that support RIP 1 periodically broadcast routing information packets. These RIP 1 packets contain
information concerning the networks that the router s and gateways can re ach
as well as the number of routers/gateways that a packet must travel through
to reach the receiving address.
RIP 2 is an enhancement of RIP 1 which allows IP subnet information to be
shared among routers, and provides for authentication of routing updates.
When this protocol is chosen, the router will use the multicast address
224.0.0.9 to send and/or receive RIP 2 packets for this network interface. As
with RIP 1, the router’s routing table will be periodically updated with information received in these packets.
RIP 2 is more useful in a variety of environments and allows the use of variable subnet masks on your network. It is also necessary for implementation
of “classless” addressing as accomplished with CIDR (Classless Inter
Domain Routing).
It is recommended that RIP 2 be used on any segment where all routers can
use the same IP routing protocol. If one or more routers on a segment must
use RIP 1, then all other routers on that segment should also be set to use RIP
1.
•If RIP 2 is selected with this pull-down menu, the router will send and/or
accept RIP 2 packets over this interface, and will then periodically update
its routing table with the information provided f rom thes e pack ets. On a
large network, an up-to-date routing table will enhance network performance since the router will always be aware of the optimal path to use
when sending packets.
•If RIP 1 is selected with this pull-down menu, the router will send and/or
accept RIP 1 packets, and will then periodically update its routing table
with the information provided from these packets.
24 Chapter 2 - IP Routing & Bridging
•If None is selected with this pull-down menu, the router will not be able
to update its routing table and will always direct traffic for addresses it
does not have a route for (addresses not on one of th e networks connected
to its interfaces) to the “gateway/port” defined in its IP Static Route
Dialog Box. It will then be the responsibility of the default router to
direct the packets to the correct address. For information on setting the
default router see the discussion of the IP Static Route Dialog Box later
in this chapter.
vNote: Some routers, in particular those designed to create very large
corporate backbones, may use other routing protocols such as OSPF (Open
Shortest Path First). These routers can simultaneously use RIP 1 (and in
some cases RIP 2) to communicate with smaller routers, or each of the
smaller routers can be set to use one of these backbone routers as their
default router.
RIP Split Horizon
Normally, RIP uses a technique called sp lit horizon to avoid routing loop s and
allow smaller update packets. This technique specifies that when the router
sends a RIP update out a particular network interface, it should never include
routing information acquired over that same interface.
There is a variation of the split horizon technique called “poison reverse”
which specifies that all routes should be included in an update out a particular
interface, but that the metric should be set to infinity for those routes acquired
over that interface. One drawback is that routing update packet sizes will be
increased when using poison reverse.
•If Split Horizon is selected with this pull-down menu, the router will
apply the split horizon technique to routes being output over this interface.
•If No Split Horizon is selected with this pull-down menu, the router will
include all routes in an output packet, regardless of which interface they
were acquired over, and will use a normal metric.
•If Poison Reverse is selected with this pull-down menu, the router will
include all routes in an output packet, but will set the metric to infinity
for those routes which were acquired over this interface.
Output RIP - Input RIP
These flags control the behavior of RIP 1 and RIP 2 for this interface,
allowing the router to selectively send RIP, receive RIP, o r both. T he default
(assuming RIP 1 or RIP 2 is turned on in the Routing Protocol popup) is to
both send and receive.
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