Compatible Systems 1220I User Manual

MicroRouter 1220i

Installation Guide

CompatibleSystemsCorporation

4730WalnutStreet

Suite 102

Boulder, Colorado 80301

303-444-9532
800-356-0283

http://www.compatible.com

MicroRouter 1220i Installation Guide, Version 3.0
Copyright© 1999, Compatible Systems Corporation

All rights reserved. MicroRouter and CompatiView are trademarks of
Compatible Systems Corporation. Other trademarks are the property of
their respective holders.

Part number: A00-1154

FCC Notice: This product has been certified to comply with the limits
for a Class A computingdevice, pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC
Rules. It is designed to provide reasonable protection against radio or
television communication interference in a commercial environment.
Operation of this equipment in a residential area could cause interfer­ence with radio or television communication.

Chapter 1 - Introduction 1

ABOUT THE MICROROUTER 1220I 1
ANOTE ABOUT FIREWALLS 1
ANOTE ABOUT ON-DEMAND INTERNETWORKING 1
MICROROUTER 1220I INSTALLATION OVERVIEW 2

Chapter 2 - Getting Started 5

AFEW NOTES 5

Please Read The Manuals 5
Warranty and Service 5
Getting Help With the MicroRouter 1220i 5

WHAT YOU WILL NEED TO GET STARTED 6

Suppliedwith theMicroRouter 1220i 6
Needed For Installation 6
EthernetConnection Requirements 6

10Base-TTwisted-Pair Ethernet 7

Telco Line Connection Requirements 7

V.35Interface 7
RS-232 Interface 8

Chapter 3 - Network Installation 9

PLACING THE ROUTER 9
CONNECTING THE ROUTER TO THE ETHERNET 10

Connecting to Twisted-Pair Ethernet 10

CONNECTING A LINE DEVICE TO THE MICROROUTER 1220I 10

Connecting Devices to theV.35 Interface 10

ConnectingDevices to theRS-232C Interface 11
CONNECTING AN OUT-OF-BAND MANAGEMENT CONSOLE 11
POWERING UPTHEROUTER 12

i

Chapter 4 - CompatiView Software Installation 13

COMPATIVIEW FOR WINDOWS 13

System Requirements 13

Installationand Operation 13

TransportProtocols and CompatiView 14

Chapter 5 - Command Line Management 15

OUT-OF-BAND COMMAND LINE MANAGEMENT 15
TEMPORARILY RECONFIGURING A HOST FOR COMMAND LINE
MANAGEMENT 15
SETTING UP TELNET OPERATION 16

Chapter 6 - Basic Configuration Guide 19

ETHERNET INTERFACE CONFIGURATION 20

IP Protocol 20

Required for IP 20
Suggestedfor IP 20

IPX Protocol 21

Required for IPX 21
Suggestedfor IPX 21

NTERFACE CONFIGURATION 21

WAN I

Physical Communications Settings 21

Link Configuration 22

Requiredfor Dedicated/LeasedLine Operation 22
Suggestedfor Dedicated/LeasedLine Operation 22
Required for Dial-On-Demand Operation 22
Suggestedfor Dial-On-DemandOperation 22

IP Protocol 23

Required for IP 23
Suggestedfor IP 23

IPX Protocol 23

Required for IPX 23

ii

Suggestedfor IPX 24

Link Configuration 24

Suggestedfor Dedicated/LeasedLine Operation 24
FrameRelay DLCI Mappings 24
IP Protocol 25

Required for IP 25

Requiredfor IP NumberedInterface 25

Requiredfor IP UnnumberedInterface 25

Suggestedfor IP 26
IPX Protocol 26

Required for IPX 26

Suggestedfor IPX 26
Link Configuration 27
SMDS Addressing 27

SAVING A CONFIGURATION FILE TO FLASH ROM 27

Appendix A - Shipping Defaults 29

EthernetInterfaces 29

IP Routing Defaults 29

IP Bridging Defaults 29

IPX RoutingDefaults 29

IPX Bridging Defaults 29
WAN Interfaces 29

IP Defaults 29

IPX Defaults 29

V.35(WAN 0) Link& Physical Defaults 30

RS-232(WAN 1) Link & PhysicalDefaults 30

Appendix B - Connector and Cable Pin Outs 31

Pin Outs for V.35 Female Connector (DTE) 31
Pin Outs for DB-25 Male to DB-25 Female RS-232 Data &
ConsoleCable 32

iii

Appendix C - LED Patterns and Test Switch Settings 33

MicroRouter1220i LEDPatterns 33

Power On, No Traffic 33

Ethernet Traffic Indicators (Ethernet LED Bars) 33

Other Indicators (on All LED Bars) 33

Panic Indicators 33
MicroRouter1220i SwitchSettings 34

Appendix D - Downloading Software From Compatible
Systems 35

Appendix E - Terms and Conditions 37

iv

Chapter 1 - Introduction 1

Chapter 1 - Introduction

About the MicroRouter 1220i

Congratulations on your purchase of the MicroRouter 1220i multiport
wide area router. The MicroRouter 1220i supports the IP and IPX
network protocols, with leased-line and/or dial-on-demand operation
using the PPP, Frame Relay and/or SMDS wide area protocols.

A Note About Firewalls

The MicroRouter 1220i can be configured to be a very effective packet
screening firewall. However, you must carefully set up your network
and add packet filters in order for it to be effective in this role.

THE SHIPPING CONFIGURATION IN YOUR MICROROUTER
1220i DOES NOT PROVIDE AUTOMATIC FIREWALL PROTEC­TION. YOU MUST FIRST PROGRAM YOUR ROUTER TO WORK
IN THIS ROLE ON YOUR NETWORK.

v

Note: Due to the nature of the IP protocol, IP packet filtering can

be quite complicated. If you are attempting to design and implement a
comprehensive set of filters, or an Internet Firewall, there are a number
of references you should consult. Two good starting points are:
Building Internet Firewalls
Associates, 1995, and Firewalls and Internet Security: Repelling the
Wily Hacker, by William R. Cheswick and Steven M. Bellovin,
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1994.

, by Brent Chapman, O’Reilly and

A Note About On-Demand Internetworking

The MicroRouter 1220i can be configured to provide cost effective
on-demand connections over a wide area communications link (typi­cally a voice phone line, a switched 56 line, or an ISDN line). Your
network traffic and the configuration you place in the router will deter­mine how often and for how long such a link is connected.

THE SHIPPING CONFIGURATION IN YOUR MICROROUTER
1220i DOES NOT PROVIDE AUTOMATIC ON-DEMAND INTER­NETWORKING. YOU MUST FIRST PROGRAM YOUR ROUTER
TO WORK IN THIS ROLE ON YOUR NETWORK.

YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY MONITOR PHONE LINE USAGE TO

2 Chapter1 - Introduction

BE SURE THAT YOUR ROUTER CONFIGURATION IS
ALLOWING THE ROUTER TO DROP THE COMMUNICATIONS
LINK WHEN IT ISN’T NEEDED.

MicroRouter 1220i Installation Overview

This manual will help you install the MicroRouter 1220i to connect two
local Ethernets to 1 or 2 remote networks and/or remote PPP client
computers. These connections can be made to other Compatible
Systems routers, routers from other vendors, or PPP compliant dial-in
software packages running on a variety of computers. The w ide-area
interfaces on the MicroRouter 1220i may be used to interconnect your
network with other corporate networks, and to make your network’s
resources available to dial-in clients.

In short, the installation steps are:

1. Install the MicroRouter hardware and connect it to one or more

line communication devices (including modems, 56K CSU/DSUs,

ISDN Terminal Adapters, and fractional or full T1 CSU/DSUs).

2. Select the management method you wish to use with the router. If

you want to use the CompatiView management software, you must

install the software on a Windows PC which is connected to your

network.

3. Configure the MicroRouter LAN and WAN parameters using the

management method you have chosen.

4. Connect the secondary WAN port’s RS-232 to an external line

communication device (including modems, 56K CSU/DSUs, and

ISDN Terminal Adapters).

The manual is divided into several sections that should provide you
with all the information you will need to use the MicroRouter 1220i on
your network. For the latest documentationon Compatible Systems
products, including the most current version of this manual, visit the
Technical Support section of our Web site at: http://www.compat­ible.com.

Chapter 2 - Getting Started

This part of the manual describes t he contentsof the MicroRouter 1220i
package and emphasizes the preparation and equipment you will need
to install the router.

Chapter 1 - Introduction 3

Chapter 3 - Network Installation

Here you will find step-by-step instructions on how to physically install
the MicroRouter 1220i and connect it to your local Ethernets and your
wide area network(s). Instructions are included for twisted-pair
Ethernet environments and fractional or full T1’s, as well as modems,
56K CSU/DSUs, and ISDN terminal adapters.

Chapter 4 - CompatiViewSoftware Installation

This part of the manual describes how to install CompatiView, Compat­ible Systems’ GUI (Graphical User Interface) management software
whichisincludedwithyourrouter.

Chapter 5 - Command Line Preparation

This part of the manual provides basic instructions on setting up
command line management and text-based configuration.

Chapter 6 - Basic Configuration Guide

This section provides a list of parameters that must be entered into a
router for proper operation.

Appendices

This part of the manual includes additional information that might be of
interest to you such as technical specifications, default settings
(including the default factory password) and instructions for down­loading current software.

.

Chapter 2 - GettingStarted 5

Chapter 2 - Getting Started

AFewNotes

Please Read The Manuals

The manuals included with your MicroRouter 1220i contain some very
important information about the MicroRouter 1220i and local and wide
area networking in general. Please read this manual thoroughly, and
refer to the management reference guides as required. It’s worth the
few minutes it will take.

Also, please fill out the warranty registration card and return it to us
today. This will help us keep you informed of updates to the
MicroRouter 1220i and future products available from Compatible
Systems. You can also register on the web at http://www.compat­ible.com. If you’d like to be notified via e-mail about new products and
receive important news from Compatible Systems, please join our email
list on the web.

Warranty and Service

The MicroRouter 1220i is covered by the Compatible Systems Inte­grated Support Package, which includes a lifetime comprehensive
warranty, a twenty-four hour advanced replacement program, unlimited
phone support, and software upgrades for the life of the product.

Compatible Systems maintains copies of current software updates on
the Internet. For more information on downloading software, see the
appendices for this manual.

Getting Help With the MicroRouter 1220i

If you have a question about the MicroRouter 1220i and can’t find the
answer in one of the manuals included with the product, please visit the
technical support section of our Website(http://www.compatible.com).
This site includes extensive technical resources which may answer
many of your questions. You can also request technical support by
filling out a brief form. Technicalsupportrequests received via the Web
form will receive expedited treatment. You may also call Compatible
Systems Corporation or send s upport questions via e-mail to
[e-mail]. Compatible Systems' phone number is listed
on the front of this guide. We will be happy to help you.

6 Chapter 2 - GettingStarted

What You Will Need To Get Started

Before connecting the MicroRouter 1220i, please check the li st below
to make sure that you have received all of the items that are supplied
with the MicroRouter 1220i package.

You should also make sure you have any additional items that are
necessary to connect the router to your network.

Supplied with the MicroRouter 1220i

Please check your shipping package for the following items:

• MicroRouter 1220i unit

• Wall-mount power supply

• One DB-25 to DB-25 data and auxiliary inte rface cable

• CD-ROM including:

"

CompatiView software

"

Operating sof tware

"

HTML versions of product documentation (which can be viewed

with your favorite web browser)

• CompatiView Management Software Reference Guide

• Text-Based Configuration and Command Line Management Refer-

ence Guide

• Warranty registration card

Needed For Installation

Before connecting the MicroRouter 1220i to your network, you need to
make sure that you have the necessary equipment for connecting to the
local Ethernets and the wide area transmission device(s) (modem, 56K
CSU/DSU, ISDN terminal adapter, T1 CSU/DSU).

Ethernet Connection Requirements

The MicroRouter 1220i’s Ethernet interfaces directly support 10BaseT
twisted-pair Ethernet. Other Ethernet cabling types (such as thin
Ethernet, thick Ethernet, fiber optic cabling or pre-10BaseT
twisted-pair) can be supported using a 10BaseT mini-hub or other
conversion device.

Chapter 2 - GettingStarted 7

10Base-T Twisted-Pair Ethernet

To connect the router's Ethernet interface to twisted-pair Ethernet
cabling you will need an unshielded twisted-pair station cable that is
connected to a 10BaseT-compatible twisted-pair hub.

v

Note: Ethernet cables and cable connectors are not supplied with

the MicroRouter product. Please contact your reseller or your
Compatible Systems representative for information on obtaining the
correct Ethernet cabling supplies.

Telco Line Connection Requirements

In order to connect to non-T1 wide area transmission lines, you must
connect the router’s secondary wide area port to a modem, 56K
CSU/DSU, or ISDN Terminal Adapter. Which of these devices you use
depends on the type of telco line.

v

Note: Before attempting to connect the MicroRouter 1220i to a

leased telco line, use the loopback features of your CSU/DSU to check
the line. This can save you a considerable amount of time, since the
more equipment you have on the line, the more difficult it becomes to
determine where a problem is occurring.

The MicroRouter 1220i provides one high-speed V.35 synchronous
interface, and one RS-232 sync/async interface, each of which can be
independently configured for PPP, Frame Relay or SMDS operation.
The V.35 interface is capable of communicating to another router or a
PPP client machine over a 56K CSU/DSU, an ISDN Terminal Adapter,
or a T1 CSU/DS U. The RS-232 interface is capable of communicating
to another router or a PPP client machine over a modem, 56K
CSU/DSU, or ISDN Terminal Adapter.

V.35 Interface

The MicroRouter 1220i does not include a V.35 cable. These cables are
available from your reseller, or a number of other suppliers. The
MicroRouter 1220i has a female V.35 connector, as do virtually all line
communications devices. Thus, the V.35 cable required to connect to a
line communications device will usually have male connectors at both
ends. The pinouts for this cable are shown in Appendix B.

8 Chapter 2 - GettingStarted

RS-232 Interface

The MicroRouter 1220i includes one DB-25 to DB-25 RS-232
sync/async cable. This cable supports RS-232 asynchronous modems,
synchronous leased and switched 56K CSU/DSUs, and ISDN Terminal
Adapters. It can also be used to connect the router’s auxiliary interface
to a PC running terminal emulation software, or to a dumb terminal.

v

Note: Please use only the supplied DB-25 cable when connecting

your line communication device to the MicroRouter 1220i’s RS-232
interface. The cables provided with other equipment may not have all
of the same internal connections.

Chapter 3 - Network Installation 9

Chapter 3 - Network Installation

MicroRouter 1220i Back Panel

This section of the manual describes how to connect the MicroRouter
1220i to your Ethernet network and your wide area communications
device(s). In summary, the steps for installation are:

1. Make sure the router is powered down and not plugged to any
power source.

2. Connect the router to the Ethernet networks.

3. Connect the router’s secondary port to a wide area line communica­tions device (if used).

4. Power up the line communications device (if used).

v

Note: You should either wait to connect a synchronous line device

such as a CSU/DSU until after the interface has been configured as a
synchronous port, or power up the router before powering up the
CSU/DSU. (See Chapter 6 - Basic Configuration Guide for more infor­mation on configuring the router.)

5. Plug in the power cable and power up the router.

Placing the Router

The MicroRouter 1220i is meant to be left stand-alone on a desktop or
equipment table.

v

Note: When stacking other equipmenton the MicroRouter 1220i, do

not exceed 25 pounds of evenly distributed weight on top of the router.
Additional weight may bend the case.

10 Chapter 3 - Network Installation

Connecting the Router to the Ethernet

If your twisted-pair hub is already in place, you can connect the router
to an active network without interrupting network activity. The router
must be powered off.

Connecting to Twisted-Pair Ethernet

Before connecting the router to twisted-pair cabling you need an
unshielded twisted-pair cable that is already connected to your
10BaseT-compatible twisted-pair hub.

To connect the router to the twisted-pair network, simply plug the
twisted-pair cable into the RJ-45 Ethernet connector on the back of the
unit.

Connecting a Line Device to the MicroRouter 1220i

The MicroRouter 1220i supports high-speed synchronous operation
over a V.35 connector. It also supports lower speed synchronous/asyn­chronous operation over an RS-232 connector.

The MicroRouter 1220i independently supports PPP, Frame Relay and
SMDS link protocols on WAN 0 and PPP and Frame Relay on WAN 1.

Connecting Devices to the V.35 Interface

This interface -- WAN 0 -- can be used to connect to a wide variety of
line communications devices, including those which support either
leased or dialed operation. Examples include leased 56K CSU/DSUs,
switched 56K CSU/DSUs, fractional T1 CSU/DSUs, ISDN terminal
adapters, and full T1/E1 rate CSU/DSUs.

You may select either dial-on-demand, redial if down (“always up”
mode), or leased line operation. This interface may also be set to
receive ISDN or switched 56 incoming calls.

To connect a device, first make sure that both units are powered off.
Then, simply connect a V.35 cable (not supplied) between the router
and the device.

Chapter 3 - Network Installation 11

Connecting Devices to the RS-232C Interface

This interface -- WAN 1 -- can be used to connect to synchronous or
asynchronous line communications devices at rates up to 256Kbps
(sync), or 230.4 Kbps (async). Examples include modems, leased or
switched 56K CSU/DSUs, and ISDN terminal adapters.

L

Note: If connecting to a synchronous device such as a CSU/DSU,

the router must first be configured for synchronous operation before
connecting to the device. See Chapter 6 - Basic Configuration Guide
for configuration information.

You may select either dial-on-demand, always up (i.e., redial if down),
or leased line operation. This interface may also be set to receive ISDN
or switched-56 incoming calls.

To connect a device, first make sure that both units are powered off.
Then, simply connect the supplied RS-232 cable between t he router and
the device.

v

Note: The MicroRouter 1220i RS-232 interfaces require that your

asynchronous line communications device be set to supply the RS-232
DCD signal when a connection has been made. A synchronousRS-232
device should be set to provide DSR.

v

Note: The MicroRouter 1220i includes a special cable to facilitate

connections to RS-232 line communications devices. This cable
includes support for several asynchronous and synchronous control
signals. Off-the-shelf cables generally do not support these signals.

Connecting an Out-of-Band Management Console

If you wish to connect an out-of-band management console, use the
supplied cable and connect to the Console interface on the back of the
MicroRouter 1220i. You can use a dumb terminal or a computer
equipped with VT100 terminal emulation.

The default settings for the Console interface are VT100 terminal
emulation, 9600 bps, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no Flow Control.

12 Chapter 3 - Network Installation

Powering Up the Router

Power up any modem, CSU/DSU, or TA before powering up the router.
This allows the router to immediately sense whether its secondary inter­face is connected. The exception to this rule is when connecting an
RS232 interface to a CSU/DSU. In such a case, you must power up the
router before
take approximately one minute to become visible to CompatiView.

v

Note: If you want to use Telnet as a management method, you must

first configure an IP address into the router using an out-of-band
console, or reconfigure the IP address on an IP host or workstation on
the same Ethernet segment as the router. See Chapter 5 - Command
Line Management for more information.

powering up the CSU/DSU. At power-up, the router will

Chapter 4 - CompatiViewSoftwareInstallation 13

Chapter 4 - CompatiView Software Installation

All of the routers in Compatible Systems’ internetworking and VPN
families, including all RISC Router and MicroRouter models, can be
managed from a single GUI management platform called Compati­View. CompatiView for Windows is included on the CD-ROM which
was shipped with your MicroRouter 1220i.

v

Note: An older version of CompatiView for Mac OS was included

on the CD-ROM shipped with your router, but does not contain some of
the features of the newest Windows version.

CompatiView for Windows

CompatiView for Windows allows you to manage the MicroRouter
1220i from an IBM-compatible PC running Windows 95/98 or
Windows NT. The PC can either be configured as an IPX client on a
Novell NetWare internet, or as an IP WinSock client on an IP internet.

System Requirements

In order to successfully run CompatiView for Windows, you need:

• IBM PC or compatible w/486 or later processor

• Microsoft Windows 95/98, or Windows NT installed

• VGA or better monitor

• IP - A WinSock-compatible transport stack

- and/or -

• IPX - A Netware or Microsoft Client installation

v

Note: To choose the active transport protocol on a Windows

machine which has both IPX and IP installed, select “Options” from
the Administration menu and click the appropriate radio button under
“Default Transport.”

Installation and Operation

The Windows version of the CompatiView program can be found in the
Network Management/CompatiView/Windows directory on the
CD-ROM that was included with your MicroRouter 1220i.

14 Chapter 4 - CompatiViewSoftwareInstallation

Run the auto-installation program (CV5x file) by double-clicking on it.
The installation program will ask you to select (or create) a directory in
which it should locate CompatiView and its associated files and data­base subdirectory.

Once the installation is complete, double-click on the CompatiView
icon to open the program. For further information on using Compati­View, see the CompatiView Management Software Reference Guide
included with your router.

v

Note: For an up-to-date description of the changes (if any) made to

Windows system files by t he installation program, see the
README.TXT file located in the CompatiView installation directory.

Transport Protocols and CompatiView

CompatiView will be able to use the transport protocol (IP or IPX) you
have selected to access Compatible Systemsproductsanywhereon your
internetwork. Depending on your security setup, you may also be able
to use the IP transport option to manage devices across the Internet.

The IP protocol does not provide a method for CompatiView to auto­matically discover the router. To initially contact the router over IP
using CompatiView, you must first enter a valid IP address into the
router. You can do this either on a console directly connected to the
router or by setting a workstation’s IP address to 198.41.12.2 with a
Class C subnet mask (255.255.255.0) so that it can communicate over
Ethernet with 198.41.12.1 (the shipping default of Ethernet 0). After
setting the router’s IP address, be sure to change the workstation’s
configuration back to its original settings.

The IPX protocol does
the router. Compatible Systems devices are configured to autoseed the
two most common IPX frame types upon startup (802.2 and 802.3
(raw)). If CompatiView has the IPX/SPX protocol selected as its trans­port, it will be necessary to either powerup the router before powering
up the workstation, or reboot the workstation after the router has
completed its boot sequence. This process will ensure that the worksta­tion and the router have the proper IPX network bindings for communi­cation.

allow CompatiView to automatically discover

Chapter 5 - CommandLine Management 15

Chapter 5 - Command Line Management

The command line interface allows you to configure and monitor the
router in-band via telnet or out-of-band with a terminal connected to the
MicroRouter 1220i’s Console interface.

v

Note: Proper syntax is vital to effective operation of command line

management. Case is not significant – you may enter commands in
upper case, lower case, or a combination of the two.

Out-of-Band Command Line Management

You can use command line management and text-based configuration
out-of-band as a permanent m anagement tool, or only temporarily in
order to set the router’s IP parameters to allow in-band Telnet access.

In order to access the command line out-of-band, do the following:

1. Set a terminal or a PC equipped with VT100 terminal emulation to
a baud rate of 9600, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit and no Flow Con­trol.

2. Connect it to the router’s Console interface using the cable which
was supplied with the MicroRouter 1220i.

3. Press the <Return> key one or two times.

4. Enter the default password letmein at the password prompt. The
command line interface prompt w ill appear on the screen.

If you plan to use out-of-band access for ongoing management of your
router, you can find further information on configuring your router in
Chapter 6 - Basic Configuration Guide. Otherwise, see the section
later in this chapter on Setting Up Telnet Operation for information on
setting the router to allow Telnet access from hosts on its network.

Temporarily Reconfiguring a Host for Com­mand Line Management

You can temporarily reconfigure an IP host in order to set the router’s
IP parameters to allow in-band Telnet access.

If you wish to set the router’s basic IP parameters in this f ashion, the
host must be on the same Ethernet segment as one of the router’s

16 Chapter 5 - Command Line Management

Ethernet interfaces. You can then do the following:

1. Set the host’s IP address to 198.41.12.2, with a Class C subnet
mask (255.255.255.0) and then Telnet to 198.41.12.1.

2. Enter the default password letmein at the password prompt. The
command line interface prompt w ill appear on the screen.

3. Use the configure command and set theIPAddress, SubnetMask,
and IPBroadcast keywords in the IP Ethernet 0 (and/or Ethernet

1) section.

4. Use the save command to save the changes to the device’s Flash
ROM.

5. Change the host’s configuration back to its original settings

See the next section (Setting Up Telnet Operation) for information on
setting the router to allow Telnet access from hosts on its network.

Setting Up Telnet Operation

Telnet is a remote terminal communicationsprotocol based on TCP/IP.
With Telnet you can log into and manage the MicroRouter 1220i from
anywhere on your IP internetwork, including across the Internet if your
security s etup allows it. To manage the router with Telnet, you must

1. Run Telnet client software on your local computer, which will com­municate with the Telnet server built into the MicroRouter 1220i.

2. You must also set some basic IP parameters in the router. The
required parameters for Telnet access to an interface are the IP
address, IP subnet mask, and IP broadcast address. There are sev­eral ways to set them.

• You may set them using text-based configuration either

out-of-band via the Console interface or in-band via a recon­figured IP host. Instructions for setting up these two methods
were given earlier in this chapter. Once you have set up the
command line interface, do the following:

A. Use the configure command and set the IPAddress,

SubnetMask,andIPBroadcastkeywords in the IP
Ethernet 0 (and/or Ethernet 1) section.

B. Use the save command to save the changes to the device’s

Flash ROM.

• You may also use CompatiView from a reconfigured IP host

(if using the IP transport protocol), or anywhere on your net-

Chapter 5 - CommandLine Management 17

work (if using the IPX transport protocol). Instructions for
these two methods are given in Chapter 4 - CompatiView
Software Installation.

• With CompatiView, basic IP parameters can be set using the

TCP/IP Routing: Ethernet 0 Dialog Box. Use the Save
to/Device option under the File menu to save the changes.

After you have set these IP parameters and saved the changes, you can
use Telnet to access the router from any node on your IP network.
Invoke the Telnet client on your local host with the IP address of the
router you wish to manage.

.

Chapter 6 - Basic Configuration Guide 19

Chapter 6 - Basic Configuration Guide

This chapter briefly discusses the major parameters that must be set in
order to use the router.

Detailed information on the meaning of the router’s parameters is
provided in the CompatiView Management Software Reference Guide
and the Text-Based Configuration and Command Line Management
Reference Guide. You should use this list as a starting point to look up
more specific information in the other documents.

If you need more general information on IP, IPX, or wide area
protocols, see the Appendices in the CompatiView Management
Software Reference Guide.

There are a number of parameter settings which are optional, in the
sense that they are not required for all installations. These settings are
not covered in this chapter.

In this chapter:

CV =CompatiView
TB = Text-Based Configuration

In order to successfully connect to an Internet Service Provider (ISP),
you must use router configuration parameters which will be provided by
the technical staff of the ISP. These parameters m ust include all IP
addresses, WAN settings, and any applicable authorization routines.
Please check with your ISP before configuring or changing the configu­ration of your MicroRouter 1220i.

v

Note:This Basic Configuration Guide does not include information

on setting up packet filters for using the router as a Firewall. See the

CompatiView Management Software Reference Guide or Text-Based
Configuration and Command Line Management Reference Guide

regarding IP packet filters for more information.

20 Chapter 6 - Basic Configuration Guide

Ethernet Interface Configuration

Ethernet interfaces are considerably easier to set up than wide area
interfaces since there are fewer choices that need to be made regarding
communications protocols and parameters. We recommend that you
begin by configuring any Ethernet interface parameters before
proceeding to configure WAN interface parameters.

IP Protocol

Required for IP

These parameters set the basic address characteristics of the interface.
They provide enough information for another IP node to find the inter­face (such as a Telnet client), but not enough information for routing to
take place.

•IPAddress

• IP Subnet Mask

• IP Broadcast Address

CV: Use the TCP/IP Routing: Ethernet Dialog Box to set these param-

eters.

TB: Use the configure command and the IPAddress, SubnetMask,

and IPBroadcast keywords in the IP Ethernet 0 (and/or
Ethernet 1) section.

Suggested for IP

These parameters help supply information about the segment that the
interface is connected to. With this information, routing can take place.

• Set IP RIP 1, IP RIP 2, or OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

• IP Static Routes

CV: Use the TCP/IP Routing: Ethernet Dialog Box to set RIP, and the

IP Static Routing Dialog Box (under Global/IP Static Routes) to
set static routes. To set parameters for OSPF, refer to the Compa-
tiView Management Software Reference Guide.

TB: Use configure and the RIPVersionkeyword for the IP Ethernet

0 (and/or Ethernet 1) section. Use edit config and add static
routes in the IP Staticsection.

Chapter 6 - Basic Configuration Guide 21

IPX Protocol

Required for IPX

There are generally no required changes from the shipping Ethernet
configuration for IPX. The Ethernet interface will autoconfigure to use
the two most common IPX frame types, and will autoadapt to condi­tions on the Ethernet.

Suggested for IPX

You may want to set your own network numbers, rather than using the
autoconfigured values. You may also want to turn off unused frame
types.

CV: Use the IPX Routing: Ethernet 0 Dialog Box.
TB:Useconfigure and set keywords in the IPX Ethernet 0 (and/or

Ethernet 1) section.

WAN Interface Configuration

In order to use a WAN interface, you may first need to set some phys­ical parameters and then set up the link and protocol parameters.

There are a few differences between the capabilities of the V.35 WAN
interface and the RS-232 WA N interface. The V.35 interface can only
be run synchronously, at rates up to 2 Mbps per second. The RS-232
interface can be run synchronously or asynchronously, at rates up to
256Kbps (sync), or 230.4Kbps (async).

Physical Communications Settings

You may need to set the baud rate, sync/async operation, and other
physical communications parameters for the WAN interface. These
parameters will depend on the line communications device you are
using.

v

Note: Frame Relay and SMDS are presently supported in the

MicroRouter 1220i only via synchronous operation. An external clock
signal is generated for Frame Relay.

CV: Use the Physical Configuration: WAN Dialog Box.
TB: Use configure and set the LinkTypekeyword or other keywords

in the RS232 Interface WAN 0 (and/or WAN 1)section.

22 Chapter 6 - Basic Configuration Guide

PPP Configuration

This section covers the settings required for PPP (point-to-point)
protocol operation of the WAN interfaces.

Link Configuration

Required for Dedicated/Leased LineOperation

Dedicated line operation is the simplest to set up.

• Set Dedicated connection

• Set PPP connection

CV: Use the Link Configuration: WAN 1 Dialog Box.
TB: Use configure and set the Mode and ConnectMode keywords in

the Link Config WAN0 (and/or WAN 1) section.

Suggested for Dedicated/Leased Line Operation

Dedicated line operation generally does not require additional parame­ters for operation.

Required for Dial-On-Demand Operation

Incoming dial-on-demand operation requires only slightly more infor­mation than dedicated line setup. Outgoing dial-on-demand requires
additional information (see the suggested settings below).

• Set dial-up connection

• Set PPP connection

• Set to allow dial-in and/or dial-out

CV: Use the Link Configuration: WAN Dialog B ox.
TB: Use configure and set the Mode, ConnectMode, DialIn and/or

DialOut keywords in the Link Config WAN0 (and/or WAN 1)

section.

Suggested for Dial-On-Demand Operation

This mode of operation is only supported on the WAN 1 RS-232 inter­face. Outgoing dial-on-demand requires some additional information.

• Create dial-out script

• Set dialing method

• Set dial-out script to be used

• Set inactivity time

CV: Use the Link Configuration: WAN1 Dialog Box to set the dialing

Chapter 6 - Basic Configuration Guide 23

method and to select a chat script (once you have created one).
Use the WANChat Scripts Dialog Box (under Global/WAN Chat
Scripts) to create your chat script.

TB: Use configure and then set the Dialing, DialOutScript,and

DropInactkeywords in the Link Config WAN 1 section. Use
edit config and create a Chat section to contain your dialing

script.

IP Protocol

Required for IP

WAN interfaces which are set for PPP operation do not generally use an
IP address. They are set to act as an “unnumbered interface.” In this
mode of operation, there are no required settings.

Suggested for IP

These parameters help supply information about the segment that the
interface is connected to. With this information, routing can take place.

• Set IP RIP 1, IP RIP 2, or OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

• IP Static Routes

CV: Use the TCP/IP Routing: WAN Dialog Box to set RIPor OSPF,

and the IP Static Routing Dialog Box (under Global/IP Static
Routes) to set static routes.

TB:Useconfigure and set either the RIPVersion keyword or the

OSPFEnabled keyword in the IP WAN 0 (and/or WAN 1)
section. Add s tatic routes and a default router using the edit
config IP Static command.

v

Note: If you set RIP to “on” for a dial-on-demand link, you must

also set the update method to triggered to avoid the link being brought
up by transmission of RIP information. You should only use triggered
operation when you are connecting to another Compatible Systems
router at t he other end of the link.

IPX Protocol

Required for IPX

WAN interfaces which are set for PPP operation do not generally use an
IPX address. They are set to act as an “unnumbered interface.” In this
mode of operation, there are no required settings.

24 Chapter 6 - Basic Configuration Guide

Suggested for IPX

If you plan to use dial-on-demand for this link, you should set the
update method to “triggered” to avoid the link being brought up by
transmission of IPX RIP information. You should only use triggered
operation when you are connecting to another Compatible Systems
router at the other end.

When you set up an on-demand link with IPX, you should carefully
monitor link usage to determine whether the link is being activated only
when it is needed. Additional router configuration will be required for
many networks in order to achieve optimal link usage.

• Set update method

CV: Use the IPX Routing: WAN Dialog Box.
TB: Use configure and set the Updates keyword in t he IPX WAN 0

(and/or WAN 1) section.

Frame Relay Configuration

This section covers the settings required for Frame Relay operation of
the MicroRouter 1220i WAN interfaces. In general, the parameters
listed here should be set for each WAN interface on which you plan to
use Frame Relay.

Link Configuration

Frame Relay is presently supported in the MicroRouter 1220i only via
dedicated line operation.

• Set Dedicated connection

• Set Frame Relay connection

CV: Use the Link Configuration: WAN Dialog B ox.
TB: Use configure to set the Mode and ConnectMode keywords i n

the Link Config WAN0 (and/or WAN 1) section.

Suggested for Dedicated/Leased Line Operation

Dedicated line operation generally does not require additional parame­ters for operation.

Frame Relay DLCI Mappings

If you are connecting to another Compatible Systems router, this infor­mation is not required for Frame Relay operation. Compatible Systems

Chapter 6 - Basic Configuration Guide 25

uses IARP (Inverse Address Resolution Protocol) to dynamically
generate this informatio n. To connect to other vendors’ routers which
do not support IARP, you must provide DLCI-to-protocol mapping
information.

v

Note: Many Internet Service Providers (ISP’s) do not support IARP

as a default. If one of your MicroRouter 1220i interfaces will be
connected to an ISP via Frame Relay, check with your ISP technical
staff on whether you must manually enter DLCI information or not.

CV: Use the DLCI Mapping Database Dialog Box (under WAN>Link

Configuration>DLCIbutton).

TB: Use configure and set the DLCI keyword in the Frame Relay

WAN 0 (and/or WAN 1) section.

IP Protocol

Required for IP

There are two ways to set up Frame Relay. One is to set the WAN inter­face as a “numbered interface.” This means that the interface (and thus
the Frame Relay network) will have an IP address, subnet mask, etc.
The other is to set it as an unnumbered interface and specify that the
link is point-to-point Frame Relay and set the local DLCI.

Required for IP Numbered Interface

• IP numbered interface

•IPaddress

• IP subnet mask

• IP broadcast address

CV: Use the TCP/IP Routing: WAN Dialog Box.
TB: Use the configure command and the Numbered, IPAddress,

SubnetMask,andIPBroadcastkeywords in the IP WAN 0

(and/or WAN 1) section.

Required for IP U nnumbered Interface

• IP unnumbered interface

• Point-to-Point Frame Relay

• Local DLCI

CV: Use the TCP/IP Routing: WAN Dialog Box.
TB: Use the configure command and the Numbered, PointToPoint-

26 Chapter 6 - Basic Configuration Guide

Frame,andInterfaceDLCI keywords in the IP WAN 0 (and/or
any other port you wish to configure) section.

Suggested for IP

These parameters help supply information about the segment that the
interface is connected to. With this information, routing can take place.

• Set IP RIP 1, IP RIP 2, or OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

• IP static routes

CV: Use the TCP/IP Routing: WAN Dialog Box to set RIPor OSPF,

and the IP Static Routing Dialog Box (under Global/IP Static
Routes) to set static routes.

TB:Useconfigure and set either the RIPVersion keyword or the

OSPFEnabled keyword in the IP WAN 0 (and/or WAN 1)
section. Add s tatic routes and a default router using the edit
config IP Static command.

IPX Protocol

Required for IPX

Frame Relay operation requires that the WAN interface is set to be a
“numbered interface.” This means that the interface (and thus the
Frame Relay network) must have an IPX network number.

• IPX numbered interface

• IPX Network Number

CV: Use the IPX Routing: WAN Dialog Box.
TB:Useconfigure and set the Numbered and Net keywords in the

IPX WAN 0 (and/or WAN 1) section.

Suggested for IPX

The settings above are all that is generally required for IPX operation
over Frame Relay.

Chapter 6 - Basic Configuration Guide 27

SMDS Configuration

This section covers the settings required for SMDS (Switched
Multi-megabit Data Service) operation of the MicroRouter 1220i WAN
0 interface (IP only). SMDS is a connectionless, packet-switched
service that offers LAN-to-LAN connectivity across a wide area at up to

1.544 Mbps.

v

Note: The IP protocol settings and the physical communication

settings are the same as they would be for Frame Relay operation. The
only parameters which should be set differently for SMDS are the Link
Configuration and the SMDS addressing section.

Link Configuration

SMDS is presently supported in the MicroRouter only via dedicated
line operation.

• Set Dedicated connection

• Set SMDS connection

CV: Use the Link Configuration: WAN Dialog B ox.
TB:Useconfigure and then set the Mode and ConnectMode

keywords in the Link Config WAN 0 (and/or WAN 1) section.

SMDS Addressing

Many of these parameters will be given to you by your service provider.
CV: Use the Link Configuration: WAN Dialog Box and select SMDS

from the Link Type pull-down menu. Then click on the SMDS
buttontosetaddresses.

TB: Use configure and set the StationAddress, IPMulticast and

PollingFrequency keywords in the SMDS WAN 0 (and/or

WAN 1) section.

Saving a Configuration File to Flash ROM

Once a configuration is complete, you can save it to the router’s Flash
ROM. Until saved, all changes are made in a separate buffer and the
actual router interfaces run as before the changes were made.

CV: Use the Save to/Device option from the File menu.
TB: Use the save command.

.

Appendix A - Shipping Defaults 29

Appendix A - Shipping Defaults

Ethernet Interfaces

IP Routing Defaults

• Off, both interfaces

IP Bridging Defaults

• On, both interfaces

• Address: 198.41.12.1

• Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

• Broadcast Address: 198.41.12.255

•IPRIPoff

IPX Routing Defaults

• 802.3 on, autoseeding, both interfaces

• 802.2 on, autoseeding, both interfaces

• Type II off, both interfaces

• 802.2 SNAP off, both interfaces

IPX Bridging Defaults

• Off, both interfaces

WAN Interfaces

IP Defaults

•On

• Unnumbered interface

•RIPoff

• Van Jacobson compression off

IPX Defaults

•On

• Unnumbered interface

30 Appendix A - Shipping Defaults

V.35 (WAN 0) Link & Physical Defaults

• PPP

• Dedicated

• Sync, external clock

RS-232 (WAN 1) Link & Physical Defaults

• PPP

• Dial-in

• Async @ 115.2Kbps

• Hardware flow control

Appendix B - Connectorand Cable Pin Outs 31

Appendix B - Connector and Cable Pin Outs

Pin Outs for V.35 Female Connector (DTE)

V.35 (DTE) Signal

A Chassis Ground ↔
B Signal Ground ↔
C Request to Send →
DCleartoSend ←
E Data Set Ready ←

F Receive Line Signal Detect ←

H Data Terminal Ready →

J Local Loopback →

PTxData →

RRxData ←

STxData →
TRxData ←
UTxClockOut →
VRxClockIn ←

WTxClockOut →

XRxClockIn ←
YTxClockIn ←

AA Tx Clock In ←

32 Appendix B - Connector and Cable Pin Outs

Pin Outs forDB-25 Male to DB-25 Female RS-232 Data & Console Cable

The cable supplied with the MicroRouter 1220i is twenty-five conduc­tors, straight through. Connections on both the auxiliary interface and
the data interface follow the standard RS-232 pin outs. Note that the
data interface may be s et for synchronous operation and in this mode
the data interface will use the clock lines provided by RS-232.

Appendix C - LED Patterns and Test Switch Settings 33

Appendix C - LED Patterns and Test Switch Settings

MicroRouter 1220i LED Patterns

The MicroRouter 1220i uses a number of light patterns on itsfront LED
bars to indicate operating conditions.

Power On, No Traffic

The router will scan through the lefttwo (Ethernet) LED bars, from lef t
to right, illuminating one element at a time.

v

Note: Lights 1 and 10 on each bar are directly connected to the

router’s 10BaseT interface and indicate 10BaseT link (1) and 10BaseT
polarity (10).

Ethernet Traffic Indicators (Ethernet LED Bars)

Scan from 2 to 5: Ethernet transmit packet
Scan from 9 to 6: Ethernet receive packet

Other Indicators (on All LED Bars)

Transmit and receive packets - per WAN interface as marked on front
label.

5,6 flashing: Router stacks starting up
3,4 & 7,8 flashing: No OS loaded. Running from ROM.
5,6 on solid, 2 (bars 1 & 3) and 9 (bars 2 & 4) flashing : Erasing OS in

Flash ROM
4,5,6,7 on solid, 2 (bars 1 & 3) and 9 (bars 2 & 4) flashing : Erasing

config in Flash ROM
Scanning from 2 to 9 (bars 1 & 3), and scanning from 9 to 2 (bars 2 &

4): Flash ROM erase due to switch setting five or six is complete. Set
switch to zero and cycle power.

Panic Indicators

Any continuous flashing pattern not noted above may be caused by a
software “panic.” This is a sign that a condition has been detected that
the software does not know how to deal with: either an unusual
network condition, or a hardware failure. Please call Compatible
Systems Technical Support if your router shows a software panic.

34 Appendix C - LED Patterns and Test Switch Settings

MicroRouter 1220i Switch Settings

0 Normal Operation
1Unused*
2Unused*
3 Run Boot ROM Downloader
4Unused*
5 Erase Flash ROM (OS and Configuration)
6 Erase Flash ROM (Configuration Only)
7Unused*
8Unused*
9 Allow letmein password for 5 minutes after powerup

M

Caution: Settings marked with an asterisk may erase your Flash

ROM. Please do not use these settings without first contacting
Compatible Systems Technical Support.

Appendix D - DownloadingSoftware From Compatible Systems 35

Appendix D - Downloading Software From Compatible Systems

We make the latest versions of operating software for all Compatible
Systems products available at our Web site. The latest version of
CompatiView management software is also available.

To download software, follow the instructions below.

1. Use your browser to access http://www.compatible.com/, and find
the link on our home page to “Software Downloads.”

2. Select the product and software version you want, and click on the
appropriate file to download it.

v

Note: Uncompressed downloads (suitable for TFTP and Compa-

tiView Windows downloading) are stored as .DLD files. Self-extracting
Windows compatible style files (and CompatiView for Windows itself)
are stored as .EXE files. Self-extracting Macintosh style files arestored
as .sea.bin (MacBinary format) and/or .sea.hqx files.

v

Note: These files a re also accessible directly via Anonymous FTP at

ftp.compatible.com/files/.

.

Appendix E - Termsand Conditions 37

Appendix E - Terms and Conditions

Compatible Systems Corporation (Compatible Systems) offers to sell only
on the condition that Customer’s acceptance is expressly limited to Compat­ible Systems’ terms and conditions of sale. Compatible Systems’ accep­tance of any order from Customer is expressly made conditional on assent to
these terms and conditions of sale unless otherwise specifically agreed to in
writing by Compatible Systems. In the absence of such agreement, com­mencement of performance or delivery shall be for Customer’s convenience
only and shall not be construed as an acceptance of Compatible Systems’
terms and conditions. If a contract is not earlier formed by mutual agree­ment in writing, Customer’s acceptance of any goods or services shall be
deemed acceptance of the terms and conditions stated herein.

1. Warranty. Compatible Systems warrants to the Customer and to all per­sons who purchase Products from the Customer during the Warranty terms
(“subsequent purchasers”), that, for a period of three (3) years from the date
(the “shipping date”) on which Compatible Systems ships the Products to the
Customer: (a) the Product meets, in all material respects, all specifications
published by Compatible Systems for such Products as of the shipping date;
(b) the Products are free from all material defects in materials and workman­ship under normal use and service; and (c) that as a result of the purchase of
the Products from Compatible Systems, the Customer will have good title to
the Products, free and clear of all liens and encumbrances.

Compatible Systems’ obligations pursuant to this Warranty, and the sole
remedies of the Customer and of any subsequent purchaser, shall be limited
to the repair o r replacement, in Compatible Systems’ sole discretion, of any
of the Products that do not conform to this Warranty.

This Warranty shall be invalidated if the Products (a) have not been
installed, handled, or used in accordance with Compatible Systems recom­mended procedures; (b) have been damaged through the negligence or abuse
of the Customer or of any subsequent purchasers; (c) are damaged by causes
external to the Products, including (without limitation) shipping damage,
power or air conditioning failure, or accident or catastrophe of any nature;
and (d) have been subjected to repairs or attempted repairs by any person
other than Compatible Systems (or an authorized Compatible Systems ser­vice technician).

38 Appendix E - Terms and Conditions

To obtain service under this Warranty, the Customer (or subsequent pur­chaser, if applicable) must follow the procedures o utlined below, under
“Product Return Policy.”

THE WARRANTIES SET FORTH IN THESE TERMS AND CONDI­TIONS ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED
OR IMPLIED. WITHOUT LIMITATION ON THE GENERALITY OF
THE FOREGOING SENTENCE, COMPATIBLE SYSTEMS EXPRESSLY
DISCLAIMS AND EXCLUDES ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTIBILITY AND OF FITNESS (GENERALLY OR FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE).

2. Shipments. All delivery indications are estimated and are dependent in
part upon prompt receipt of all necessary information to service an order.
Compatible Systems shall not be liable for any premium transportation or
other costs or losses incurred by Customer as a result of Compatible Systems
inability to deliver Product in accordance with Customer’s requested deliv­ery dates. All shipments by Compatible Systems are made F.O.B. factory
(Boulder,Colorado); risk of lossshallpasstoCustomer at point of shipment.
Unless specified by the Customer, Compatible Systems will select the mode
of transportation for each order. Co mpatible Systems reserves the right to
make deliveries in installments. Partial shipments are subject to the terms of
payment noted below. Compatible Systems reserves the right t o allocate
inventory and production if such allocation becomes necessary.

3. Payment Terms. Payment shall be made prior to shipment or upon
delivery, unless otherwise agreed to in writing. Payment shall not constitute
acceptance of the goods.

4. Force Majeure. All orders accepted by Compatible Systems are subject
to postponement or cancellation for any cause beyond the reasonable control
of Compatible Systems, including without limitation: inability to obtain
necessary materials and components; strikes, labor disturbances, and other
unavailability of workers; fire, flood, and other acts of God; war, riot, civil
insurrection, and other disturbances; production or engineering difficulties;
and governmental regulations, orders, directives, and restrictions.

5. Product Return Policy. Prior to shipping any Product to Compatible
Systems, the CustomermustcontactCompatibleSystemsTechnicalSupport
(by letter or telephone) with the following information: (a) reason for return;
(b) quantity, description, and model number, and (if applicable) serial num-

Appendix E - Termsand Conditions 39

ber of each item being returned; (c) original Compatible Systems Sales
Agreement number; and (d) any special ins tructions. Upon receipt of this
information, Compatible Systems will issue an RMA (“Return Material
Authorization”) number and any required U.S. Customs identification to
assure correct identification of the Customer and to insure prompt and accu­rate processing.

6. Limitation of Remedies. Compatible Systems’ liability for all claims
brought pursuant to or in connection with this agreement, including the pur­ported breach hereof, shall be limited: (a) in the case of claims for breach of
warranty, to compliance with the repair or replacement provisions of the
warranty, and (b) in all other cases (including any claim that the warranty
failed of its essential purpose), to actual damages of the Customer (or, if
appropriate, of the subsequent purchaser). IN NO EVENT SHA LL COM­PATIBLE SYSTEMS BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, CONSEQUEN­TIAL, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE SALE,
USE, INSTALLATION OR OPERATION OF THE PRODUCTS,
WHETHER A CLAIM IS BASED ON STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF
WARRANTY, NEGLIGENCE, OR ANY OTHER CAUSEWHATSO­EVER, WHETHER OR NOT SIMILAR. This limitation on remedies shall
apply even if Compatible Systems is advised of the possibility and nature of
any special, consequential, or incidental damages.

7. Governing Law; Merger. This agreement and all Terms and Conditions
hereof shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with the internal
laws of the State of Colorado. Except as superseded by a separate written
contract signed by both Compatible Systems and the Customer, superseding
all prior negotiations or offers, written or oral, this agreement may be
amended only in writing, signed by an authorized officerof Compatible Sys­tems.