Comnet RLFDX485M2-48DC, RLFDX485M2-HV, RLFDX485S2-24DC, RLFDX485S2-48DC, RLFDX485S2-HV User Manual
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INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL
RLFDX485 Series
SUBSTATION-RATED RS-422 & RS-485 DATA
LINK/REPEATER FOR REPLACEMENT OF
GARRETTCOM/DYMEC 5845 & 5846 SERIES
This manual serves the following
ComNet Model Numbers:
RLFDX485M2/24DC
RLFDX485M2/HV
RLFDX485M2/48DC
RLFDX485S2/24DC
RLFDX485S2/HV
RLFDX485S2/48DC
The ComNet™ RLFDX series of serial data link/repeaters are substation-rated and
industrially hardened form, fit, function and completely backwards-compatible
replacements for the popular Garrettcom/Dymec 5845 & 5846 series of RS-422 and
RS-485 serial data link/repeaters. They are designed for deployment in environments
where high levels of electromagnetic noise and interference (EMI) and severe voltage
transients and surges are routinely encountered, such as electrical utility substations
and switchyards, heavy manufacturing facilities, trackside and roadside electronic
equipment, and other difficult out-of-plant applications. Optical connectivity provides
significantly extended transmission distances compared to copper media; high levels
of electrical isolation; enhanced reliability and protection for peripheral IEDs, RTUs,
and other equipment; and operational safety.
The RLFDX series of serial data link/repeaters are easily field-configurable for pointto-point, point-to-multipoint/Local-Remote, loop, or bus topologies. They may be also
used for electrical data protocol translation: an RLFDX232-series RS-232 modem and
IED/RTU can communicate directly with an RLFDX485-series RS-422/RS-485 modem
and IED/RTU.
The extremely versatile and simple-to-install RLFDX series is ideal for any missioncritical application where very high levels of reliability and network availability are of
the utmost importance.
Rev. 4.7.15
INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL RLFDX485 SERIES
Contents
FCC/CE Regulation 4
Warranty 4
Disclaimer 4
Safety Information 4
ComNet / Garretcom Interoperability / Compatibility Listing 5
Warnings, Cautions, and Notes Used in this Publication 6
1. Introduction 7
1.1 Definitions 8
1.2 RLFDX485(M,S)2/24DC Link/Repeaters 11
1.2.1 9 Pin Data Port D-connector 13
1.2.2 Switch Settings 13
1.2.3 HD / FD Switch 14
1.2.4 Repeat Switch 14
1.2.5 Logic Inversion Switch 14
1.2.6 Input Bias Switch 14
1.2.7 Input Data Coupling Switch 15
1.2.8 Enable Holdover Switch 15
1.2.9 Test Mode Option Switch 16
1.2.10 Optical Ports 16
1.2.11 Diagnostic LEDs 17
1.2.12 Power Connections 17
1.2.12.1 Powering Models RLFDX485(M,S)2/24DC 17
1.2.12.2 Powering Models RLFDX485(M,S)2/48DC 18
1.2.12.3 Powering Models RLFDX485(M,S)2/HV 18
1.2.13 Peripheral Equipment 19
1. 2.13 .1 IE D 19
1.2.13.2 Fiber Optic Cable (FOC) 19
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2. Configurations, Operation, and Installation 20
2.1 Point-To-Point Configuration 21
2.1.1 Installation 22
2.2 LOOP OPERATION - Local/Remote CONFIGURATION 25
2.2.1 Installation 27
2.3 Loop Operation - Peer-To-Peer Configuration 28
2.3.1 Installation 30
3. Applications 31
3.1 Data Rate 31
3.2 Optical Budget 31
3.2.1 Cable Attenuation Factors 32
3.2.1.1 Diameter 32
3.2.1.2 Fittings 32
3.2.1.3 Aging 32
3.2.2 Extending the Distance 33
3.3 Number Of Repeats 33
3.3.1 Effects of Data Rate 34
3.3.2 Pulse Width Distortion 34
3.3.3 Temperature Effect 34
3.4 Types Of Communication 35
3.5 Logic Inversion Switch 35
3.6 Echo Control For 2-Wire RS-485 Local Units In Loop
Configurations 36
3.7 Types Of Communication 36
3.9 Selection of Fiber Optic Cables (FOC) 37
4. Testing And Troubleshooting 38
4.1 Testing 38
4.2 Troubleshooting 39
5. Specifications 40
5.1 Electrical and Optical Specifications 40
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5.2 Outline Configuration & Mechanical Dimensions for
Models RLFDX485(M,S) 43
5.3 Outline Configuration & Mechanical Dimensions for
Models RLFDX485(M,S)2/(48DC,HV) 44
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FCC/CE Regulation
NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital
device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used
in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case
the users will be required to correct the interference at their own expense.
Warranty
ComNet warrants that all ComNet products are free from defects in material and workmanship
for a specified warranty period from the invoice date for the life of the installation. ComNet will
repair or replace products found by ComNet to be defective within this warranty period, with
shipment expenses apportioned by ComNet and the distributor. This warranty does not cover
product modifications or repairs done by persons other than ComNet-approved personnel, and
this warranty does not apply to ComNet products that are misused, abused, improperly installed,
or damaged by accidents.
Please refer to the product’s data sheet for the actual warranty period(s) of the product(s) associated
with this publication. Data sheets can be found at http://www.comnet.net/comnet-products/
Disclaimer
Information in this publication is intended to be accurate. ComNet shall not be responsible for its
use or infringements on third-parties as a result of its use. There may occasionally be unintentional
errors on this publication. ComNet reserves the right to revise the contents of this publication
without notice.
Safety Information
» Only ComNet service personnel can service the equipment. Please contact ComNet Technical
Support.
» Do not attempt to disasemble the link/repeaters as there are no serviceable parts within. This
action will void the warranty.
» The equipment should be installed in locations with controlled access, or other means of
security, and controlled by persons of authority.
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ComNet / Garretcom Interoperability / Compatibility Listing
Equivalent
Model Data Format Fiber Type Input Power
RLFDX485M2/24DC RS-422/RS-485 Multimode 9 to 36 VDC 5845HRT
RLFDX485M2/HV RS-422/RS-485 Multimode 88 to 300 VDC / 85 to 264 VAC 5846HRT- H
RLFDX485M2/48DC RS-422/RS-485 Multimode 36 to 59 VDC 5846HRT-L
RLFDX485S2/24DC RS-422/RS-485 Single Mode 9 to 36 VDC 5845SHRT
RLFDX485S2/HV RS-422/RS-485 Single Mode 88 to 300 VDC / 85 to 264 VAC 5846SHRT-H
RLFDX485S2/48DC RS-422/RS-485 Single Mode 36 to 59 VDC 5846SHRT-L
Dymec Model
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Warnings, Cautions, and Notes Used in this Publication
WARNING
Warning notices are used in this publication to emphasize that hazardous voltages, currents, or
other conditions that could cause personal injury exist in this equipment or may be associated
with its use.
In situations where inattention could cause either injury or damage to equipment, a Warning
notice is used.
CAUTION
Caution notices are used where equipment malfunction is possible if care is not taken.
NOTE / APPLICATION NOTE
Notes and Application Notes call attention to information that is especially significant to
understanding and operating the equipment.
This document is based on information available at the time of its publication. While efforts
have been made to be accurate, the information contained herein does not purport to cover all
details or variations, or to provide for every possible contingency in connection with installation,
operation, or maintenance.
ComNet assumes no obligation of notice to holders of this document with respect to changes
subsequently made.
ComNet makes no representation or warranty, expressed, implied, or statutory with respect to,
and assumes no responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, sufficiency, or usefulness of the
information contained herein. No warranties of merchantability or fitness for purpose shall apply.
Permission is granted to make a reasonable number of copies of this document for the use within
the organization that has purchased the equipment.
“Link/Repeater” is used exclusively to describe this family of Fiber Optic Data Links.
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1. Introduction
ComNet Models RLFDX485M2/24DC, RLFDX485S2/24DC, RLFDX485M2/48DC,
RLFDX485S2/48DC, RLFDX485M2/HV and RLFDX485S2/HV are data communications Link/
Repeaters, which allow the replacement of copper wire media with fiber optic cable. Link/
Repeaters simply convert electrical signals to light for transmission, and when received, convert
the light signals back to an electrical format. This is done for RS-422 or RS-485 protocols.
These Link/Repeaters are passive to software protocols. They are not addressable in
communication protocols, and do not provide any control logic capability to support
communication protocols. Link/Repeaters are designed with several features that allow for easy
installation and flexibility in configuring for various communication systems.
The multimode RLFDX485M2/XX and singlemode RLFDX485S2/XX series are functionally
identical, with the exception of the operating voltage requirements.
NOTE
This manual makes reference to the multimode Model RLFDX485M2/24DC, RLFDX485M2/48DC,
and Model RLFDX485M2/HV when describing features and functionality of the Link/
Repeaters. These descriptions generally apply to the singlemode Model RLFDX485S2/24DC,
RLFDX485S2/48DC, and Model RLFDX485S2/HV as well. When different, a specific reference
is made identifying the particular model(s) and their variation(s). The User should read this
manual to fully understand how to use the many features of the Link/Repeaters in an effective
communication system.
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1.1 Definitions
The following terms are used in this manual:
IED An IED is any intelligent electrical device capable of RS-422 or RS-485 data
communications, such as; a computer, RTU, PLC, “smart” meter, relay, etc. The IED
must have resident software or firmware that manages the data communication
logic, including protocol (formatting and timing), addressing capability (if required),
control logic software “handshaking”, and scheduling.
Point-to-Point
Two Link/Repeaters directly connected to each other.
Configuration
Local/Remote Loop
Configuration
More than two Link/Repeaters connected together where the fiber optic cable
connects the T optical port of one device to the R optical port of the next unit in
the loop. One IED is designated as the Local and controls all the communication
and the other IEDs act as Remotes and respond only when specifically polled by
the Local.
Peer-to-Peer Loop
Configuration
More than two Link/Repeaters connected together where the fiber optic cable
connects the T optical port of one device to the R optical port of the next unit in
the loop. Each IED has the capability of becoming loop Local as allowed by the
controlling software.
Echo The return of the Local’s transmission back to the Local after traveling around the
optical loop.
Optical Bus
Configuration
More than two Link/Repeaters connected together in a manner where the Local’s
transmission is heard by all IEDs and there is no returning echo of this transmission.
Local The Local is the IED that controls the loop in a Local/Remote loop. This IED is
responsible for the control of the loop, the polling of the Remotes for information,
and the prevention of data collisions. All loop communication is echoed back to
and stops at the Local. The Local’s Repeat Switch is always in the “OFF” position.
Remote A Remote is an IED that is passive in a Local/Remote loop. A Remote’s communication
is under the control of the Local, and should be controlled to prevent data collision in
the loop. All communication generated by the Local will be repeated through each
Remote and back to the Local. A Remote’s Repeat Switch is always in the “ON” position.
Peer Peers are IEDs that have equal status and each may Local the loop when allowed by
the software. A Peer’s Repeat Switch is always in the “OFF” position and a Peer IED
controls pin 8 of its Link/Repeater in order to obtain status as loop Local.
FOC Fiber Optic Cable.
Single-mode Single-mode fibers generally have diameters of 5μm to 13μm. Because of this
small core, only one axial path for light propagation is available through the fiber.
The optics required to drive single-mode fiber have to be highly focused so that
minimum dispersion occurs. Although more costly optical emitters are required,
the major benefit is that longer transmission distances (< 35 km) can be achieved.
Multi-mode Multi-mode fibers have core diameters of 50μm and larger. This larger core allows the
light rays to be propagated along several different paths down the fiber. The different
paths include an axial component as well as reflected components. Multi-mode units
are economical and effective for optical transmission over distances up to 6 km.
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Repeat Switch The Repeat Switch enables (REP) or disables (OFF) the repeater function of the
Link/Repeater.
HD / FD Switch This switch adapts the Link/Repeater to accept independent transmit and receive
channels (4 wire normally associated with RS-422) or a shared transmit/receive
channel (2 wire, generally RS-485)
Data Coupling Switch Each Link/Repeater is provided with this switch to easily adapt the device for either
DC or AC electrical Input data coupling. With AC data coupling the minimum input
data rate is 1200 baud with DC data coupling there is no minimum input data rate
but a signal stuck on the input will lock up a loop, bussed or star network.
Test Mode Switch RS-422 and RS-485 Link/Repeaters are provided with this switch to allow users
who wish to test the fiber connections of the link with a built in diagnostic mode.
This mode sends a 1000Hz signal out the transmit port as well as looping back
the copper port (pins 1 to 3 and 2 & 4) for diagnostic purposes. For the electrical
connections, this only functions in the full-duplex mode.
Enable Holover Switch
0 and 1
RLFDX485 models provide two switch positions for the user to select one of four
enable holdover times: 4μs (8 bit times at 2Mbps), 71μs (8 bit times at 112Kbps),
833μs (8 bit times at 9.6Kbos), and 8ms (8 bit times at 1Kbps) for the user. The
factory default setting is 4μs.
Biasing Resistor Switch This switch allows the Link/Repeater to easily add or remove the device input bias
resistors to reduce the loading on a copper bus network. The Bias resistors are 330 Ω.
Simplex
Transmit only or receive only communications.
Communication
Half Duplex
Sequential transmit and receive communications.
Communication
Full Duplex
Simultaneous transmit and receive communications.
Communication
T Transmit optical port.
TE Diagnostic LED that illuminates when the Link/Repeater is receiving an electrical
transmit from its IED.
TO Diagnostic LED that illuminates when the Link/Repeater is transmitting a signal optically.
R Receive optical port.
RE Diagnostic LED that illuminates when the Link/Repeater is delivering a received
optical signal electrically to the IED.
RO Diagnostic LED that illuminates when the Link/Repeater is receiving a signal optically.
Optical Budget The optical budget is expressed in dB, and is the maximum amount of light loss that
can be tolerated for reliable communications. The maximum usable optical distance
between two devices that a signal can be transmitted is determined by subtracting
all of the losses within the optical path from the optical budget. Various factors in the
optical path attenuate the light transmission and must be accounted for, to ensure a
reliable optical path. Key factors include fiber optic cable attenuation (expressed as
dB per unit length), cable aging, and cable fittings (terminations, splitters, etc.).
Non Return to Zero
(NRZ)
This type of encoding scheme does not require the voltage potential of each data bit
to return to the zero potential. No clock or timing recovery is provided with this type
of communication except in the start and stop bits usually found on each data word.
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Return to Zero (RZ) This type of encoding scheme requires the voltage potential of each data bit to
return to the zero potential. This allows timing recovery with each bit instead of just
the start and stop bits of the data word.
Number of Repeats The Number of Repeats is the maximum number of Link/Repeaters that may be
connected in a loop configuration. The sum of the Remote units in a Local/Remote
loop is the number of repeats for that type of loop. The number of Peers minus one
is the number of repeats in a Peer-to-Peer loop.
Asynchronous
Communication
This type of communication does not transmit a separate clock signal in
conjunction with the data signal. Link/Repeaters only support asynchronous
communication. A communication scheme where the clock needs to be transmitted
(Synchronous Communication) is not supported unless the data and clock signals
are transmitted together on the same pin.
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E
C
1.2 Model RLFDX485M2/24DC and RLFDX485S2/24DC Link/Repeaters
NOTE: Link/Repeaters contain no serviceable parts. Opening the unit will void the warranty.
Each RLFDX485M2/24DC or RLFDX485S2/24DC Link/Repeater consists of the following elements.
+9 TO +36 VDC INPUT
#6-32 THREAD SST REMOVABLE
SWITCH ACCESS PLAT
TYPE ST
FIBER OPTIC
ONNECTOR
9 PIN D-CONNECTOR WITH
#4-40 STANDOFFS
Figure 1 Elements of the Link/Repeater
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+/– 88 to 300
WITH
5.13 in
Each RLFDX485(M,S)/(48DC,HV) Link/Repeater consists of the following elements.
13.03 cm
#6-32 THREAD SST
INPUT:
VDC
85 to 264 VAC
OR
+/– 36 to 59 VDC
4.63 in
11.76 cm
4.13 in
10.41 cm
4.15 in
10.54 cm
0.51 in
1.29 cm
2.0 in
5.08 cm
0.46 in
1.16 cm
TYPE ST
FIBER OPTIC
CONNECTOR
REMOVABLE
SWITCH ACCESS PLATE
9 PIN D-CONNECTOR
#4-40 STANDOFFS
1.28 in
3.25 cm
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Figure 1 Elements of the Link/Repeater
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1.2.1 9 Pin Data Port D-connector
The Link/Repeater connects directly to an IED’s RS-422 or RS-485 communication port. The
pin-out configuration of the Link/Repeater is shown in Figure 2. If the IEDs port is not a 9-Pin
Dconnector, or if the IEDs pin-out configuration differs, a suitable adapter is required. Note:
The operating voltages specified in the table below for Pin 9 are applicable only to models
RLFDX485M2/24DC & RLFDX485S2/24DC
HD MODE FD MODE
• 1 Trans/Rec Data – [B/B’](I/O) • 1 Transmitted Data – [B] (Link input)
• 2 Trans/Rec Data + [A/A’](I/O) • 2 Transmitted Data – [B] (Link input)
• 3 No Connection • 3 Received Data – [B’] (Link output)
• 4 No Connection • 4 Received Data + [A’] (Link output)
• 5 Signal Ground • 5 Signal Ground
• 6 Earth Ground • 6 Earth Ground
• 7 Repeat Enable / Disable • 7 Repeat Enable / Disable
• 8 Optical Enable / Disable • 8 Optical Enable / Disable
• 9 +9 to +15 VDC Power (Pin 5 GND) • 9 +9 to +15 VDC Power (Pin 5 GND)
1.2.2 Switch Settings
Figure 2 Data Port Pin Assignments
HLD OVR 0
HLD OVR 1
Invert / Norm
HD / FD
Data Coupling DC/AC
Repeat Mode ON/OFF
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Test Mode ON/OFF
Bias / Out
Bias / Out
Figure 3. Switch Settings (Factory Defaults)
16 27 38 49 510
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1.2.3 HD / FD Switch
The HD/FD Switch adapts the Link/Repeater to accept independent transmit and receive channels
or a single shared transmit/receive channel.
HD: In this position, the Link/Repeater accepts a shared transmit/receive communication
channel such as normally associated with RS-485 2-wire standards. When in the HD
position, the Link/Repeater is “listening” for data signals both optically and electrically
and automatically switches to the correct state. This position is normally used for RS-485
2-wire connections and only half-duplex or simplex communication is available. Multi-drop
networks may be either Peer-to- Peer or Local / Remote.
FD: When independent transmit and receive electrical channels are available, select the FD
position. This will normally be used for RS-422 or RS-485 4-wire standards. The Link/
Repeater can support full duplex, half duplex or simplex communication in this position.
Multi-drop networks may only be Local / Remote.
1.2.4 Repeat Switch
The Repeat switch enables the repeater function in the “ON” position and disables it in the “OFF”
position.
REP: The repeater function available in the Link/Repeater is enabled. This function converts the
optical signal received on the R optical port to an electrical signal and delivers this signal to
the appropriate pins of the 9-Pin connector, as well as, re-transmits the signal optically out
the Link/Repeater’s T optical port.
OFF: The repeater function available in the Link/Repeater is disabled. The Link/Repeater converts
the optical signal received on the R optical port to an electrical signal and delivers this
signal to the appropriate pin of the 9-Pin connector, and does not re-transmit the signal
optically out the Link/Repeater’s T optical port.
1.2.5 Logic Inversion Switch
Use of this feature is required when optically interconnecting IEDs using RS-232 to IEDs using
RS-422 or RS-485, or IEDs that have biasing that pulls the “A” (+) line high and the “B” (-) line low
during the quiescent state. (Refer to Section 3.5)
1.2.6 Input Bias Switch
The Biasing resistor switch selects electrical input biasing. Biasing on RS422/485 inputs provides
the ability for the inputs to a device (the Link/Repeater) to be in a known electrical state if the
outputs that are connected to it go into a Tri-State (non driving) condition. Pins marked B or - are
pulled to +5 volts and pins marked A or + are pulled to Signal Ground. The default for the biasing
resistors is 330 Ohms, optionally no biasing can be selected.
Bias: 330 Ohm Biasing resistors. This is equivalent to 9 loads when configuring a bus network
configuration.
Out: No biasing resistors. This is the equivalent to 1 load when configuring a bus network. This
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