Commodore CBM 2001-16N, CBM 2001-16, CBM 2001-32, CBM 2001-32N User Manual
BUSINESS
COMPUTER
BUSINESS
BUSINESS
BUSINESS
CBM
MODEL
2001-16,
USER
16N,
COMPUTER
COMPUTER
COMPUTER
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32N,
3016,
MANUAL
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for
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only
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©
Commodore
2001-16,
16N.32,
COMPUTER
USER
FEBRUARY
is
"All
MANUAL
1979
reviewed
subject
first
Business Machines,
rights
andisbelievedtobe
The
materialinthis
to
change
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reserved"
32N
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manualisfor
without
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1979
reliable.
However,
information
Commodore
t
Santa
Business
3330
Scott
Clara,
Blvd.
Ca.
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Machines
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
Chapter1.Welcometo
Chapter2.
UnpackingyourPETandturningiton
Chapter3.Basic
PET
keyboard
Screen
Chapter4.Beginning
The
PRINT
Variables
Direct
Literals
Functions
your
PET
keyboard
editor
input
BASIC
statement
and
program
statements
computer
Chapter5.Eiementaryprogramming
Unconditional
Data
Chapter6.
Advancedprogrammingtechniques
String
Subroutines
FOR
Subscrpted
entry
variables
NEXT
and
conditional
and
functions
loops
variables
looping
1
3
n
19
32
38
Chapter7.PET
communication
PET
interfaces
Commands
peripheral
IEEE-488bus
and
devices
withtheoutsideworld
and
lines
operations
for
Chapter8.Machinelanguageprogramming
Allocation
Commands
Machine
Chapter9.Errorsanddiagnostics
Debug
BASIC
OS
error
of
memory
from
BASIC
language
techniques
error
messages
messages
monitor
57
91
113
LIST
OF
FIGURES
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
3.1
6.1
6.2
7.1
Rear
viewofPET
PET
memory
Memory
ASCII
codeinmain
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Principal
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BASIC
functions
3
4
6
7
7
8
12
43
55
57
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
7.11
Edge
connectorsJ1and
PET
IEEE
connector
Receptacles
IEEE
standard
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6522
VIA
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ConnectorJ3contact
Second
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pinout
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information
example
identification
interface
edge
J2
interface
port
connector
J3
57
58
58
59
59
61
62
62
62
63
7.12
Edge
connector
J4
63
iii
LISTOFFIGURES(continued)
7.13
7.14
7.15
7.16
7.17
7.18
7.19
7.20
7.21
7.22
Memory
Multiple
OPEN
OPEN
Status
Default
Examplesofdefault
IEEE
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'
63
69
73
74
80
82
82
83
84
85
7.23
7.24
7.25
7.26
8.1
8.2
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Status
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Point
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87
88
88
89
94
100
IV
LIST
OF
APPENDICES
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Detailed
BASIC
BASIC
Expressions
Space
Suggested
PET
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1-
WELCOME
TO
YOUR
PET
COMPUTER
Congratulations
the
PET
2001
is
now
available
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a
short
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The
potentials
arise
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this
WritetousatCommodore
withanewsletter
Commodore
3330
Santa
USA
360
Euston
London
England
3370
Agincourt
Ontario,
Canada
and
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keyboardisautomatically
PRINT
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in
the
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into
only
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when
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screen
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character
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screen.
screen
POKE,
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is
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print
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computer
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be
showninalternating
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next
positionatwhichacharacter
positioninscreen
literal
signal
calledacursor.
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memory.
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(the
PET)
and
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screen
memory
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keyboard
and
keyboard.
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normal
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software
next
line
all
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machineisthat
to
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and
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8th
bit.
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field,
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any
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quotes
if
typedonthe
indication
generates
counter
causes
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the
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a
reads
the
reference
effectofblinking.
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manipulates
are
printed.
keyboardisindicated
the
userofthe
next
about
real-time
37,
the
clockonthe
character
character
screen
referenced
to
memory
under
by
NOTES
10
Chapter
3.
BASIC
KEYBOARD
UNIT
Whenever
keyboardtothe
Keyboard
keyisstruck.
program,
There
is
the
the
keyboard
The
is
similartothat ofatypewriter
However,
PET
The
the
upperorshifted
are
always
a
thin,
leftinplacetoprotect
peelitoffbyusing
the
blinking
screen
cursor
memory.
dataistransferred
Only
afteracarriage
and
thenawhole
are
two
exceptions
useofGET,
which
to
willbediscussedina
dataisaccessed
PET
keyboard
some
1.
Becauseofthe
number
2.
The
number
3.
The
various
4.
The
characters
longer
convenienttohave
5.
All
standard
available
KEYBOARD
keyboard
has
been
important
changes
high
pad
has
been
pad
has
keys
for
which
require
shifting.
them
characters
by
useofthe
consistsof73
characters
used
unless
transparent
oneofthe
plastic
film
the
the
sticky
appearsonthe
by
the
lineistransferred
this,
directly
optimized
soatouch
useofnumbers
addedtothe
allofthe
screen
are
normally
These
available
are
shift
keys,
displayedonthe
covering
keys
against
sideofa pieceofmasking
screen,
interrupt
returnisthe
neither
routinetothe
keyboard
at
once.
oneofwhich
later
using
for
have
machine
useasa
typist
does
been
made:
and
calculations
rightofthe
mathematical
movement
characters
unshifted,
keys.
including
and
the
shiftofthe
without
These
are
shifting.
so
thatacomplete
graphics
two
shift
editing
keyboardtobe
two
shift
keysispressed
the
keytop
scratching
which
during
the
computer
screen
data
causes
section,
language
computer
not
feel
with
main
keyboard.
operators
are
transfers
memory
transferred
the
cursortoblink.
and
the
programs.
keyboard,
totally
the
inaform
locatedonthe
numbersona
quite
often
usedinBASIC,
64-character
give
the
PET
keys,
either
oneofwhich
operational.
simultaneously.
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shipping.Toremove
tapesoastoavoid
data
from
the
each
timeanew
to
the
operating
Oneofthem
other
oneiswhen
though
the
organization
outofplace.
computer,
thatisnormal
standard
significant
a
calculator-like
for
numeric
pad.
keyboard
anditis
graphics
set
line
drawing
maybepressedtocause
Lower
Each
scratching
characters
key
has
This
protection
the
film,
carefully
the
BASIC.
no
is
ability.
was
keytops.
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the
are
be
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function
(the
throughtothe
the
The
routine
usingalefttoright
being
over,
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obvious:
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reverse
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like
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is
operational
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characters
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restofthe
carriage
key).
function
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from
repeated8times
the
that
struck.
other.
the
CRT
controller.
scan.
keyboard
keyisreleased,noother
The
scan
later
scanned
on
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keyboard
returnorcursor
field-blackonwhite.
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untilitis
This
terminatedby
conceptofreversaloffunction,
keys,sothat
usinga6520
Each
The
keyboardisorganizedona
across
routine
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consistsoffunction
right
and
basis.
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complementary
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time
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the
final
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scans
consideredtobe
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characters.
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RETURN
pressedorprinted,
up
functions
linetoten
interrupt
valueofthe
are
11
line
occurs
2 x5row
noise
last
acknowledged
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next
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characters
Someofthe
all
subsequent
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keyisstruck,
orbypressing
and
down,
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usually
decoder
from
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matrix
protection
scanina
key
right
and
combined,
and
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interrupt
CRT,
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keyboardisscanned
with
the
andNkey
buffer.
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closure.
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on
functions
characters
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reverse-off
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pressed,
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that
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whetherornotitis
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subsequent
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17
NOTES
18
Chapter
The
creative
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