Commodore 2040, 3040, 4040, 8050 User Manual

User's

for

Manual

CBM

5Y4-inch

Dual

Floppy Disk

Drives

ell

commodore

User's

for

Manual

CBM

Dual

Floppys

Model Model

Appropriate

Commodore

•

Series Series

•

Series

•

Series

Part Number 320899

2040-Model 4040 3040-Model 8050

2001 3000 CBM) 4000 8000 CBM)

Drive

for

use

Computers

(CBM-PET)

PET)

with:

October 1980

(I[

commodore

Chapter 1

Table of Contents

Introduction.

General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Care Of The 2040, 3040, 4040 and 8050 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Care Unpacking The Disk Drive 9

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Front Panel 3 Back Panel 3 Interior Configuration 4

The Diskette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

The Diskettes 9

Page

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Preparing To

Connecting The Disk Drive To The Computer 11 Performing The Power-On Test 12 Inserting The Diskette Into The 8050 13

Learning How To

The Block Availability The Disk Operating System (DOS) , 22

Disk Maintenance Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Use

Your Disk Drive 11

Inserting The Diskette Into The 2040, 3040 and 4040 The 4040 and 8050 Performance Test 14 The 2040 and 3040 Performance Test 17

Use

Your Floppy Disk Drive

Map

(BAM)

NEW

HEADER (BASIC 4.0 Direct Command) . .

Initialization (2040 and 3040) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Initialization (4040) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Initialization (8050) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Directory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LOAD$ 26

DIRECTORY (BASIC 4.0 Direct

Printing The

Directory.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Command).

21 22

26 27

iii

VALIDATE..................................

COLLECT (BASIC 4.0 Direct Command). .

DUPLICATE 28

29 29

COpy

BACKUP (BASIC 4.0 Direct Command). . . COpy

(BASIC 4.0 Direct Command) . . . . .

CONCAT (BASIC 4.0 Direct Command). . .

RENAME 31

RENAME (BASIC 4.0 Direct Command) . .

SCRATCH 32

SCRATCH (BASIC 4.0 Direct Command). .

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

BASIC Commands For Data Handling 35

BASIC Commands Associated with Floppy Disk Drives . . . . . . .

SAVE and DSAVE (Writing a Program

a Diskette) .

LOAD and DLOAD (Reading a Program from a

Diskette) 36

VERIFy.....................................

37 OPEN 38 DOPEN 39

CLOSE......................................

39 DCLOSE 40 Closing The Command Channel 40 Closing The Data Channel 41

PRINT# . . . .

.. ..... .... . . . . .

.. ..

41 INPUT# 42 GET#

43 RECORD# 43

Quickload Feature (BASIC 4.0)

Moving a Tape Program

Disk 45

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Advanced Disk Programming 47

Commodore Disk Operating System (DOS) 47

Disk Utility Command Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BLOCK-READ................................

BLOCK-WRITE. . . . . . . .

......

. .... ..... ..

. . .

50 BLOCK-EXECUTE 50

BUFFER-POINTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BLOCK-ALLOCATE "

. . . . . . . . . . . ....

MEMORy 51

MEMORY-WRITE

MEMORY-READ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MEMORY-EXECUTE 52

USER.......................................

8050

Disk Zones 59

Chapter 6

Advanced File Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Special Open and Close Statements For Direct Access . . . . . . . .

Random Access Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To Create A File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To Add A

Record.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To See A Record 68 To Change A Record 68

Getting The Directory of Listings . . . . . . . .

Ending The Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Relative Files 4040, 8050 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Creating A Relative File Expanding A Relative File 72

Accessing A Relative File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9 Chapter 10

Simplifying The

Loading The Using The Loading A Program With The Loading And Running A Program With Special

Error Messages - Pattern Matching File Names - Disk Commands. . .

Requesting Error Messages: Commodore Disk Drives. . . . . . . . .

Summary Of Description of Pattern Matching 85

User's Quick Reference: Disk Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Random 1.00 Program Listing 89

Index , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Use

of Commodore Disk-Related

DOS

Support Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DOS

Support Symbols: >and @ . . • • . • • . • . • . • • . •

Commands.

. . . . .

1. ... . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .

Arrow... . . . . . . . .

DOS

Support Information 79

CBM

Floppy Error Messages 82

DOS

Error Messages 82

List of Illustrations

Figure Title

1 Models 2040, 3040, 4040, 8050: Rear View 5 2 Floppy Disk Hookup 12 3 Position For Diskette Insertion 13 4 5 8050 Format: Expanded View of A Single Sector 63

2040,3040,4040

Format: Expanded View of A Single Sector 62

.•

Page

List of Tables

Table Title

1 Suggested Reading List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2 Specifications: Model 8050 Dual Drive Floppy Disk 6 3 Specifications: Models 4 Specifications: Model 4040 Dual Drive Floppy Disk 8

5 Standard Jump Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6 Block Distribution 7 8

9 4040 10 11 8050 Directory Header 12

2040,3040 2040,3040

BAM

4040 Directory Header. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8050

BAM

BAM Directory

Format.

2040/3040 Dual Drive Floppy

Track 54

Format.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Header.

Block.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Disk.

. . . . . . . . . 7

Page

Directory Sequential Format Program File Format Relative File Format 70 User's Quick Reference - Disk Commands 87

Format.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

61 61

Chapter

INTRODUCTION

The disk-oriented Commodore Computer System of providing you, the user, with large file-handling capabilities supported by gramming commands and further simplified by

Read the Table of Contents and become acquainted with the broad scope of material

covered

gram by utilizing the computer drive ment of the system tionship

That's why it Grasping and understanding the concept that each individual component acts and reacts to signals and commands from other devices in the system will greatly accelerate your fundamental grasp of how the basis of this manual: teaching you how to gain mastery of the system so that it will

perform as desired. That fashion: it permits you

The first chapters discuss basic hardware features and permit you, right from the start,

become familiar with the disk drive by doing the performance tests which comprise the first

essential "hands learning

more comprehensive subjects.

this manual.Ithas been designed to assist you in pursuing an educational pro-

an adjunct to the learning process. That is, once the disk

properly interfaced to a Commodore Computer,

the hardware. Your importance, however,ismeasured in direct rela-

how well you understand howtoeffectively utilize the hardware and software.

besttothink of your computer and disk driveasonly part of a system.

operate, control, and master the system. This basic concept forms

the primary reason this manualislaid

advanceasfast as you desire.

on"

experience. Then, by actually using your particular disk drive and

carefully follow instructions, you can gain confidence in order to proceed

was

designed around the central concept

DOS

Support command abbreviations.

YOU

become as important an ele-

outina building block

BASIC

pro-

the time you begin Chapter 3-Learning How To have already used some portions of the until Chapter 7. The reason for this procedure lies within the purpose of simplifying commands. command structure of archy at an early stage. This concept of providing you with enough essential information complete a task, a step-by-step description of the task, and meaningful examplesisa feature of this manual which will provide you with sufficient incentive to actually complete the task.

actually easier to instruct a new user by using the simplified

DOS

Support than attempting to explain the entire command hier-

DOS

Support system whichisnot fully described

Use

Your Floppy Disk Drive-you will

DOS

Support:

The manner in which this manual Difficult concepts and procedures have been broken down through examples which provide ample each command description. When possible, command description and,asan Chapter 8 for easy access if problems persist.

laid

out

encourages

opportunitytoexperiment laterbyreturning

the

command

additional aid, a User's Quick Reference has been placed in

the

conceptoflearningbydoing.

into

steps

that

walk

the

user

format

has been included with

the

Error messages are also presented in Chapter 8 where needed. The Error Message discussions have been expanded

• How

• Error message summary.

• Detailed error message descriptions.

For

those users who have been reluctanttoattempt sumed degree manual from least difficult

• Commands for file manipulation and maintenance

• Commands for

• Advanced programming

• Advanced file handling

• Simplified commands

Users who have advanced subjects such as random access or relative files while others may be just following the

user with essential information in a logical sequence. Follow

step-by-step procedures, and learnbydoing.

With

the

computing powerofyour

should study

1. You will benefit most if

Table

those features CBM

Floppys.

request error messages.

difficulty,

data

attained

the

manual's format. In either case, this manual has been laid

purchaseofyour

your

computer's

that

relatetoyour

note

that

the

entire disk command hierarchyisstructured in this

more complex:

handling

some degreeofprogramming skills may desiretobegin with

Commodore Dual Drive

Commodore system.

user guide, and if necessary

you

first read through this entire manual, taking

particular floppy as well as those which are

they

can be quickly referenced, if

include:

disk programming becauseofthe

the

examples,

GENERAL

Floppy

get

Disk the the

you most BASIC manuals listed in

INFORMATION

have greatly enhanced

outofyour

pre-

the

content

outtoprovide

attempt

commontoall

system

note

with

the

you

The information presented in this manual is extensive and may, in some cases, present in-

formation and thoughtfully studying its

sively upgrade

This manual presents discussions, descriptions, practices and procedures relating and operation

Four

thatiscurrently

your

programming skills and expertise.

all Commodore 5-1I4-inch Dual

models are discussed: Model Model Model Model

2040 3040 4040 8050

(DOS (DOS (DOS2) (DOS 2.5)

beyond

contents

your particular levelofexpertise. However, by carefully

you

will gain

the

Floppy

confidence necessarytoprogres-

Disk Drives.

the

use

The floppys are operationally compatible with the following Commodore Computers.

1. Series 2001

2. Series 2001 - PET 8K - Upgraded to BASIC Version 3.0

3. Series 3000 - 16K and 32K - Operating

4. Series 4000 - PET 8K, 16K, and 32K - Operating

5. Series 8000 - 32K - Operating For ease of reference, the Models 2040,

Disks will and noted otherwise.

-16K

referred to in this manualas"the

"the

8050", respectively.

and 32K - Operating With BASIC Version 3.0

With

BASIC Version 3.0

With

BASIC Version 4.0

With

BASIC

All

descriptions and discussions are common unless

Version 4.0

3040,4040,

2040",

and 8050 Dual Drive Floppy

"the

3040",

"the

4040",

DESCRIPTION

All

CBM

Floppys describedinthis manual are dual-drive diskette storage devices. Their individual primary components consist of read/write controls, drive motor electronics, two drive mechanisms, two read/write heads, and track positioning mechanisms. discussed is

an "intelligent" peripheral, their operation requiresnospace in the computer's memory. This means you have just have the disks attached.

this manual conform to IEEE-488 interface requirements. Because each device

much computer memory availabletoyouaswhen you do not

All

disk drives

Front Panel

The front panel of the respective disk drive consists of an identification panel across the top;

slots

the doorisclosed, the disketteisclamped onto the diskette spindle hub. Also on the front

panel are three LED indicator lights. The one on the right cator, and lights when drive 0 the 8050, the LED in the middleisa two-color power/error indicator. Itisnormally green, indicating power 4040 the middle LED occurs.

whichtoinsert two diskettes; and doors to close after inserting the diskettes.

called the Drive 0 Active Indi-

active. The LED on the left does the same for drive 1.

but flashes red whenever a disk error occurs. On the 2040, 3040, and

activated if powerisapplied or removed, and whenever an error

When

Back Panel

The back of each disk drive contains an IEEE-488 interface connector. Near the panel's

lower edge

power cord.

the power ON/OFF switch. Thereisalso a "slow blow" fuse, and the

Table 1. Suggested Reading List

ICBM Personal

Pet

Computer

Guide. C.S.Donahue andJ.K. Enger, Osborne/McGraw-Hill, Berkeley,

94710

Hands-On Basic with a Pet.

H. D. Peckham,

McGraw-Hill,

1979

Entering BASIC.

J. Sack and

BASIC: A

Pegels, Holden-Day, Inc.,

Computer

Meadows, Science Research Associates,

Programming Language.

1973

BASIC Programming.

J. Kemeny and T. Kurtz,

3100), Menlo Park, CA

BASIC

FOR

HOME COMPUTERS.

Albrecht, Finkle

3100), Menlo Park,

A Guided

TourofComputer

T. Dwyer,

Houghton Mifflin Co.,

Peoples

94025,

and

Brown, Peoples

94025,

Programming in BASIC.

Computer

1967

Computer

1973

Programing Time Shared Computer in BASIC.

Eugene H. Barnett,

Programming Language

Digital

101 BASIC

Equipment

Computer

Software Distribution Center,

Wiley-Interscience, LIC 72-175789

#2.

Corp., Maynard,

01754

Games.

Digital

Equipment

WhatdoTo After You Hit Return.

Peoples

Computer

Co.,

1010

Doyle (P.O. Box

Basic BASIC.

James

WORKBOOKS

T.I.S., P.O. Box 921, Los Alamos,

Programming

R. Zaks,

Coan, Hayden

1-5.

the

6502.

Sybex,

1978

Book

Co., Rochelle Park, NJ

87544

24 Tested, Ready-to-Run Game Programs in Basic.

Tracton, Tab Books,

1978

Some Basic Programs.

Borchers and R. Poole, Osborne & Assoc. Inc.,

Basic Programming for Business.

H. Forkner, Prentice-Hall,

1977

The Channel Data Book.

B. Lewis,

PET and

Osborne/McGraw-Hill,

the

5960

IEEE

Mandarin Ave., Goleta, CA

488

Bus (GPIP).

630

Bancroft Way, Berkeley,

93017,1978

Co.,

1010

Co.,

1010

Corp., Maynard,

3100),

1978

630

Bancroft Way,

1973

Doyle (P.O. Box

Menlo Park,

94710

01754

94025

The interiorofyour

tained within

disk spindles.

floppy contains two disk drives. All

the

unit. The mechanical devices are, for

Interior Configuration

the

logic for

the

most part, located beneath

the

disk drive is con-

the

The Diskette

The diskette (also knownasa minifloppy, floppy diskette, minidiskette, etc.)issimilar the standard flexible disk. There are several reputable manufacturers of the 5 1/4-inch diskettes. You should make sure that you buy diskettes for SOFT SECTORED FORMAT. Your Commodore dealer can supply your needs.

Specifications

Table 2 presents the specifications for the 8050, Table 3 the specifications for the 2040 and 3040, and Table 4 the 4040.

Figure 1 - Models

2040,

3040,

4040,

8050:

Rear View

STORAGE:

Total

capacity Sequential Relative

Directory Sectors Bytes

per Tracks Blocks

IC's:

Controller

6502 6530 6522

Interface

6502 6532 6564

entries

per

sector

(2) (2)

Table

2. Specifications: Model

track

8050

Dual Drive

533248 521208

bytes bytes

per per

464312to517398

depending

182880 65535 224

per

records

upon

bytes diskette

per

23to29

256

77 2083

microprocessor I/O,

RAM, ROM

I/O,

interval

microprocessor I/O,

RAM, interval

RO~v1

timers

Floppy

diskette diskette

bytes

file size.

file

timers

Disk

per

diskette

Shared

6114

(8)

PHYSICAL:

Material Dimensions

Height Width Depth

ELECTRICAL:

Power

MEDIA:

Diskettes

requirements Voltage Frequency

Power

4x1K

RAM

gao

steel

6.5/1

15.0/1

14.35/1

100,117,220, 50or60 50

Standard

single

Hertz

watts

mini 5

density

1/4",

240

VAC

single sided,

Table 3. Specifications: Models

STORAGE:

2040/3040

Dual Drive Floppy Disk

Total capacity Sequential

Random Directory entries Sectors Bytes

per

sector

Tracks

Blocks

IC's:

Controller

6504 6530 6522

Interface

6502 6532

(2)

6332

(2)

Shared

6114

(8)

PHYSICAL:

track

176640 170180 170850

152

17to21

bytes per diskette bytes per diskette bytes per diskette

per diskette

256

35 690

microprocessor

I/O, RAM, ROM

I/O, interval timers

microprocessor

I/O, RAM, interval timers

ROM

4xlK

RAM

Material

Dimensions

Height Width Depth

ELECTRICAL:

Power requirements

Voltage Frequency

Power

Power requirements

Voltage

Frequency

Power

MEDIA:

Diskettes

(2040)

(3040)

gao

steel

6.5"

15.0"

14.35"

120

VAC

Hertz

50 Watts

100,

220,or240 VAC

Hertz

Watts

Standard mini 5

single density

1/4",

single sided,

STORAGE:

Table4.Specifications: Model

4040

Dual Drive

Floppy

Disk

Total capacity Sequential Relative

Directory entries

6504 6530 6522

6502 6532 6332

6114

per

sector

(2) (2)

(8)

Sectors Bytes Tracks Blocks

IC's:

Controller

Interface

Shared

PHYSICAL:

track

174848

168656

167132 144

17to21

65535

per

bytes

per

bytes

per

bytes

per diskette

records

diskette

diskette diskette

per

file

256

35 683

microprocessor I/O,

RAM, ROM

I/O, interval timers

microprocessor I/O, RAM, interval timers ROM

4x1K RAM

gao

Material Dimensions

Height

Width

Depth

ELECTRICAL:

Power requirements (4040) USA (domestic)

Voltage Frequency

Power 50 Watts

Power requirements (4040) (international)

Voltage Frequency Power 50 Watts

MEDIA:

Diskettes Standard mini 5

15.0"

14.35"

120 60

100,220,or240 VAC 60

steel

6.5"

VAC

Hertz

single density

1/4",

single sided,

CARE OF THE 2040, 3040, 4040 AND 8050

The disk drive should be placed on a flat surface free of vibration. Itisimportant that dust particles be kept at a minimum since a particle buildup will interfere with optimum opera-

tion. attempt

you should experience a hardware failure contact your Commodore dealer. Any

correct the problem yourself could result in voiding the warranty.

CARE OF THE DISKETTES

Handle diskettes with care. Follow these instructions to maintain the quality of the diskette and

protect the integrity of the data:

1. Return the diskette to its storage envelope whenever it

Keep the diskettes away from magnetic fields. Exposuretoa magnetic field can distort the data.

3. Never leave a diskette on top of your computer or disk drive.

4. Do

6. Do not touch or attempt to clean the diskette surface. Abrasions will cause loss of stored

7. Before applying power

not

write on the plastic jacket with a lead pencil or ball-point pen.

or fill out the label before attaching it Do

not expose diskettestoheat or sunlight.

data.

the 2040, 3040, or 4040 open the drive doors and remove

diskettes.

the jacket.

removed from the drive.

Use

a felt tip pen

UNPACKING THE DISK DRIVE

Before unpacking the disk drive, inspect the shipping carton for signs of external damage.

the cartonisdamaged, be especially careful when inspecting its contents. Carefully remove

all

packing material and the contents of the carton. until you have made sure you have located all the contents of the carton! The carton should contain:

NOT discard any packing material

1. Commodore Dual Floppy Disk Drive

2. User Manual, Number 320899

3. One of the following TEST/DEMO diskettes: a. 2040/3040/4040 TEST/DEMO diskette, PIN 4040037 b. 8050 TEST/DEMO diskette, PIN 8050050

any items are missing, please contact your Commodore dealer immediately.

Chapter

PREPARING

YOUR

Before starting to use your disk drive, make sure itisin good working condition. This in-

cludes properly connecting it test, and finally the performance test using the appropriate TEST/DEMO diskette.

CONNECTING THE DISK DRIVE TO THE COMPUTER

One of two connector cables are requiredtointerface the floppytothe computer. These cables can be supplied by your Commodore dealer.

PET-to-IEEE cable, PIN 320101 Use

this cable if the disk driveisto

computer.

2. IEEE-to-IEEE cable, Use

this cable if your disk driveisto pheral device such printer.

the Commodore Model 2022, or any other suitable interfaced

your computer,

be the only (or first) IEEE device connectedtoyour

905080

be connected ("daisy-chained") to another peri-

DISK

giving

it a power-on and initial checkout

USE

DRIVE

NOTE: The disk drive should be the first peripheral attached vices are

Follow these steps STEP 1: Turn power OFF STEP 2: Place the disk drive in a convenient location

STEP

STEP 4: Connect the disk drive power cable to an

be "daisy-chained".

connect the disk drivetoyour computer:

the computer.

closeaspossibletothe computer.

NOT connect the disk drivetoa power outlet at this time.

Connect the PET-to-IEEE cable between the IEEE-488 interface connector on the

outlet.

computer and the connector on the disk drive.

connected, the IEEE-to-IEEE cable(s) must be used.

this time.

the computer if other de-

additional IEEE devices are

NOT turn on power at

Floppy

Disk

IEEE-la-IEEE

(PIN 905080)

Prinler

Figure 2 - Floppy Disk Hookup

PERFORMING THE POWER-ON TEST

You are now readytoproceed with the power-on part of the checkout:

Cable

STEP 1: Open both disk drive doors. Ensure that no diskettes are present in either drive. STEP 2: Turn power STEP 3: Apply power to the disk drive.

panel will flash twice. On the 8050, the two drive LEDs will two-color power/error LED will stay green indicating power ON. lights remain on, more than five seconds, turn the power OFF. any light remains lit, or

ONtothe COMPUTER and verify that itisworking properly.

All

three indicator lights (LEDS) on the front

out

and the center

the drive

all

lights flash continuously, or if the power/error LEDisred for

Wait

one minute and

all

lights flash continuously, contact your Commodore

try

dealer immediately.

NOTE:

the problem persists,

bus. This should assure that a problem related

try

disconnecting the other devices attachedtothe IEEE

another device does not affect the disk

drive.

again.

INSERTING THE DISKETTE INTO THE 8050

STEP 1: Insert the diskette into the slot designated "Drive0"and with the write protect

tab oriented

STEP 2: Once the diskette

tinct "clock". The diskette

Press

STEP

DOWN into the correct position. It motion

To remove the diskette, press release the spring and raise the diskette. ing, press

front

the left.

in the slot, push gently on the diskette until you hear a dis-

now properly positioned in the drive.

firmly on

avoid damaging the diskette.

on the door. This will release the diskette and push it

the drive. The diskette is now free to be removed from the drive.

the

spring-loaded door of the drivetolower the diskette

importanttopress firmly on the door in a smooth

DOWN

firmly on the spring-loaded door. This will

When

the disketteislevel with the open-

out

toward the

STEP 5:

NOT ATTEMPT TO CLOSE THE DOOR WITHOUT A DISKETTE IN PLACE. The doorislocked open by a mechanical interlock mechanism associated with the diskette ejector that prevents the door from closing if no diskette has been loaded.

I-

eI:

WRITE

PROTECT

NOTCH

WHEN COVERED, DISKETTE

CONTENTS

CANNOT

BE ALTERED

••

•

Figure 3 - Position for Diskette Insertion

INSERTING THE DISKETTE INTO THE 2040, 3040 AND 4040

CAUTION: NEVER APPLY POWER TO THE DISK DRIVE IF DISKETTES ARE PRESENT (LOCKED AND SEATED) IN EITHER DRIVE 0 OR DRIVE

STEP 1: Ensure that the powertothe disk driveisOFF and

STEP 2:

you complete this step. Open diskettes are present in either drive.

the preceding conditions have been met, you may apply powertothe disk

drive.

both

disk drive doors and make sure

NOT apply power until

that

STEP 3: Insert the diskette into the slot marked "Drive0"and with the write protect tab

oriented

the left. STEP 4: Once the diskette STEP 5: Press

STEP 6: To remove the diskette, insert your index finger under the lip of the spring-loaded

DOWN tinct "click". The diskette ing by the computer.

door and gently PULL. This will release the door and permit access ette. The diskette

isinthe slot, gently push on it until itisfully seated.

firmly on the spring-loaded door of the drive until you hear a dis-

now locked and seated in drive 0, ready for process-

the disk-

now freetobe removed from the drive.

THE 4040 AND 8050 PERFORMANCE TEST

When

you have successfully completed the Power-On test, proceed with the Performance

Test. Don't worry if you don't fully understand exactly what

this point, enter the commands just EXPECTED results are obtained during any step of the test, stop and start over again. The most likely cause of a problem until you become familiar with your disk unit.

All

commands are entered

press the RETURN key on your keyboard.

via

the keyboard and must be followed by a carriage return:

get a feel for what you can do with your disk.IfUN-

an improperly entered command. Thisisto

happening in this test. At

be expected

NOTE: Commands must be entered exactly shown in the example. example anyway. Re-enter your last command. If the light goes out, your correction was successful and you may continue.

NOTE FOR BUSINESS KEYBOARD USERS ONLY: You can set your computer for upper case character entry.

POKE 59468,12 and pressing the RETURN key.

Although itisnot absolutely necessarytogive In addition, the examples in this manual can be duplicated exactly when you use only

upper case. shift key when entering commands. (POKE 59468,14 will return the user

STEP 1: Insert the STEP 2: Type: LOAD

this stepisomitted the display will be in lower case letters.

from the diskette in drive 0 and display the following:

the error indicator lights, you may be abletocontinue the

this by typing:

DEMO

diskette into drive 0aspreviously instructed.

"*",8

and press RETURN. The computer will load the first file

shown.

this command, it does permit easy entry.

NOT insert any spaces unless

lower case letters.)

NOT use the

STEP

3: Type: RUN and press RETURN. This

executed. (This program simplifies the direct mode commands.) A brief introductory descrption of Supportispresented in Chapter 3asit applies to Chapter 3 operations. A detailed description of

STEP

4: Insert a blank diskette into drive 1 and type:

>N1:DEMO,99 >C1=0

not necessary for the disk unittooperate; it just

DOS

Supportispresented in Chapter

will

cause the

DOS

Support Programtobe

DOS

This procedure formats the diskette and copys all files from drive 0 thus creating a backup of the drive 0 and return it to its protective envelope. Remove the diskette from drive 1 and place it in drive

STEP

5: Type:

The screen will display:

<:,EAF'CHmCT LORD PERD'T'

~JCT

•

LOAD

FOF'

"PERFORMANCE TEST",8

F'EF'FOFr'1AtJCE

•

STEP

6: Type: RUN and press RETURN.

The program instructs you to place a blank diskette into each drive. The Performance Test Program executes a shortened version of the test used by Commodore in final inspection of the 4040 or 8050. The purpose of this test

that the unit to complete.

NOTE: Do not use diskettes containing any valuable information since the Performance Test Program program will label these diskettes "Test Disk ettes are ready for further use when the test program formance test has been satisfied.

functioning correctly and

DEMO

Close the door to drive

E':,T

will

re-format them and any data

diskette. Remove the

DEMO

diskette from

will

take approximately seven minutes

will

be lost. The test

and "Test Disk 2". These disk-

completed and the per-

drive 1,

to ensure

STEP

7: Press RETURN, the following will display:

STEP

8: Enter the appropriate responsetothe question and press RETURN.

The computer disk drive and begin the performance test. The screen displays:

will

calculate the maximum number of tracks for the particular

The computer This procedure takes up to three minutes per disk. At the end of the operation

the screen displays:

The computer conducts the remainder of the Performance Test and displays:

~.JF.:

OPEt·~

OF'Et·~

~.J

F.:

ITI CLO::;E L·JP

ITI

CLO~:;E

OPEN

OF'Et·~

PEADItKi

~:;CRATCH

FILES

SCRATCH

FILE::; L·JF.:ITE L·JPITE

~.JF.:

L·JPITE PEAD PEAD F.:EAD READ

~.JP

~4Ci

DATA

~'JF.:

~~Ci

DATA

L·JPITE PEAD READ

DATA FILE

~:;CF.:ATCHED

FILE

:::;CPATCHED

Tf;;:ACK

TPACK TF:ACK TF.:ACK

TF.:ACI< TF.:ACK TF.:ACI< TF.:ACK

FILE FILE

will

FILE

DATA

FF:Ot'1

Ot·~

>::::<

::<::<

::<>::

ot·~

::<>::

Ot·~

Ot~

O~~

first format the diskette in drive 0 then the diskette in drive 1.

ot·~

Ot·~

ot·~

Ot·~

1 0

Ot~

Ot·~

O~~

0 1

O!:::

OK.

01.00

01.~X1

~:1

OK OK

01<

00.00

00.

(10

00.00 OCI.OO

00.00

O~].

0(1.00

~X1

0(1.

{:m.O(1

0(1.00

(H].

(H)

O~:1.

00.

~)O

O~).

~]O

00.

(10

00.00

UNIT

PULL TURNING

F.:ERD'T'

HAS

PASSED

DISKETTES

POWEP

•

FROM

OFF.

PEPFORMANCE

DF.:IVES

TEST!

BEFOF.:E

•

STEP

9: Remove the diskettes and return them to their protective jackets. The floppy has

passed the Performance Test.

STEP

10:

any problems have been encountered during this phase of the test, return to

Step 1 and repeat the entire procedure. a satisfactory conclusion to the Performance Test, contact your Commodore dealer.

problems persist and you do not reach

THE 2040 AND 3040 PERFORMANCE TEST

When

you have successfully completed the Power-On test, proceed with the Performance

don't

Test. Don't worry if you this point, enter the commands just EXPECTED results are obtained during any step of the test, stop and start over again. The

most likely cause of a problem until you become familiar with the procedure.

All

commands entered

RETURN key. NOTE: Enter the commands exactly

th&

example.Ifthe error indicator lights, you may be abletocontinue the example anyway. Re-enter your last command. may continue.

via

fully understand exactly whatishappening in this test. At

get a feel for what you can do with your disk.IfUN·

an improperly entered command. Thisisto

the keyboard mustbefollowed b a carriage return: press the

shown.

the light goes out, your c.orrection

NOT insert any spaces unless shown in

was

be expected

successful and you

STEP 1: Insert the

diskette into drive 1. Close both drive doors.

STEP 2: Type: OPEN 1,8,15

This command opens logical file 1 on device 8. The secondary address of 15 opens the command channel READY.

NOTE FOR BUSINESS KEYBOARD USERS ONLY: To set the computer for upper case character entry type:

Although it cating with the disk drive, it does permit easy entry. In addition, the examples in this manual can be duplicated exactly. (POKE 59468,14 will return the user lower case letters.)

STEP 3: Type: PRINT#1,"IO"

This command initializes drive head of the drive sary each time the diskette displays your entry, then the word READY.

DEMO

POKE 59468,12 and press RETURN

diskette into drive 0aspreviously instructed. Insert a blank

not absolutely necessarytogive

the device. The screen displays your entry followed by

this command priortocommuni-

The initialization procedure places the magnetic

the proper position above the diskette. This processisneces-

removed and inserted into the drive. The computer

STEP 4: Type: LOAD"*",8 and press RETURN.

The screen displays:

STEP 5: Type: RUN.

This causes the sary for the disk unit

brief introductory discussion

Chapter 3 operations. A detailed description of

STEP

6: Type: >D1=O

applies sented in Chapter 7.

This commands the disk drive

DOS

support programtobe executed. (This programisnot

operate, it just simplifies the direct mode commands.) A

DOS

Supportispresented in Chapter 3asit

DOS

make a backup copyofthe

DEMO

neces-

Supportispre-

diskette.

Remove the original envelope. Insert the backup disk into drive

STEP 7: Type: >10

This command initializes the backup diskette.

STEP 8: Type: LOAD"O:DIAGNOSTIC BOOT",8

This command loads the Diagnostic Boot program from the diskette in drive 0

into memory. The screen displays your entry and:

':,ERPCHItJC, LORIIItlCi PERII'T'

FOP

•

DEMO

IiIRC,tJO':,TIC

disk from drive 0 and return ittoits protective

BOOT

•

Concurrent with the display, the drive 0 indicator lights and the drive 0 motor runs.

9: REMOVE THE

STEP

STEP.

STEP 10: Type: RUN and press RETURN

BACKUP

DISKE'ITE BEFORE PROCEEDING

THE NEXT

Follow the directions on the screen.

the test on the screen can be used tion, reset the disk drive by turning the computer's power switch OFF, then

STEP 11: Simultaneously press SHIFT and CLR/HOMEtoclear the screen.

command described earlier

STEP 12: RETURN THE BACKUP DISKE'ITE TO DRIVE 0 STEP 13: Type: >10

This command initializes the diskette in drive

passed.Ifall indicators remain lit in a steady pattern, the directions

find the problem area.

set the computer for upper case character entry.

all

three indicators flicker continuously,

Mter

30 secondsofopera-

ON.

Use

the POKE

STEP 14: Type: /O:PET DISK

This loads the PET DISK program from the diskette in drive 0 into memory.

The screen displays your entry and:

':,EAF'CHUK,

LOAD

IHC,

F'EAD'T'

•

FOP(1F'ET

1':,[

•

STEP 15: Type: RUN

The PET DISK program

the drive 0 motor running intermittently

STEP 16: Press the RUN/STOP key.

Simultaneously press SHIFT and CLR/HOME. This completes the 2040 and

3040 performance test.

displayed until terminated. Note that you can hear

each program loads the next.

NOTES

Chapter

LEARNING

YOUR

Your

CBM

Floppy

and file handling capability and is controlled directly with:

• BASIC commands entered via

• BASIC statements within programs, and

• special disk commands.

In this chapter

organized in such a way

manner which permits BASIC commands which correspond

Before using

operate

you

your

FLOPPY

Disk Drive adds and enhances

the

will learn howtoapply those commands and statements. This chapter

that

the

functions and format of disk commands are described in a

the

usertoperform disk-related tasks.

each disk maintenance command are also discussed.

floppy disk make sure you know how

Commodore Computer,

HOW

DISK

your

keyboard,

computing power with added storage

to:

DRIVE

For

BASIC 4.0 users, those

USE

elementary programming in BASIC, and

3. open and close files.

the

they

2040,

are used

the

that

per-

exact

the

NOTE: The BASIC statements described in this chapter apply specifically

3040,4040,

ferent format

the

with

usage

This chapter will first acquaint form disk maintenance and file manipulation and will understanding

the

ner, proceedtoadvanced disk programming techniques. Practice examples, and follow

more advanced disk programming techniques will dependtoa large degree upon how well the

fundamentals have been mastered.

and 8050. Certainofthe

produce different results from those described herein when computer or with these commands and statements in

those BASIC commands used for data handling. Approached in this man-

user will then have developed

other

the

step-by-step illustrationsoftheir usage. The understandingofthe

commands and statements may follow a slightly dif-

peripherals. Consult the appropriate manual for

user with those fundamental disk commands

the

other

applications.

then

progressively advance toward an

necessary confidence and programming skills

the

disk commands, read

To facilitate your understanding and mastery of Commodore BASIC, two computer terms are stressed in this Chapter: Block Availability Map (BAM) and Disk Operating System

(DOS). Although these are conventional terms, they will be briefly discussed to Commodore Floppy Disk Usage.

they relate

THE BLOCK AVAILABILITY MAP

The

BAMisa disk memory representation of available and allocated space on a disk. When

BAM

the system stores information on a disk, the DOS to determine what space cient spaceisavailabletostore a updatedtoaccount for the space allocated. However, if the DOS detects occupy more space than available, an error message will be generated.

Formatting a disk creates the tion. The

changes occur to the

these changes. Updates

performed on a new RELative or SEQuential data file. Since the 8050 has two blocks available for the updated, this block is written

interchange of information between the two disk, enables the system

BAMisstored on diskette in varying locations depending upon the drive used:

Model

2040,3040,4040

8050

BAM,

only one block of the

available and how many blocks can be allocated.Ifsuffi-

given

file, it will be stored on the disk and the

BAM

whichisthen loaded into DOS memory upon initializa-

BAM

BAMinDOS

the

BAM

maintain a record of free and allocated space on the disk.

memory, the

occur when a programissaved or a CLOSE or DCLOSE

the disk and the other block loaded into memory. This

will be automatically referenced by the

that

a file will

Location and Memory Required

Track 18, Sector 0

128

bytes

Track 38, Sector 0 and 1

2 Blocks

BAMondisk will be updatedtoreflect

BAM

is loaded into memory at a time. When

BAMs,

one in DOS memory and the other on

BAM

(BAM)

BAM

This description of the either the 2040 or 3040. Strict attention from the advantages of developing good programming techniques as well as better understanding of the relationship of one element of the system

The DOSisresponsible for managing information exchange between the disk controller and

the computer.

The DOS performs many functions which are transparent

the operation of the system. For example, the DOS monitors the input/output (I/O) of the

disk so that channels are properly assigned and

occur. In addition search the directory andtodelete and copy files.

There checkout in Chapter 2. Review the Performance Test procedure and observe the special symbols of cedures were fully explained

another function of DOS called

DOS

Support which were used to duplicate and initialize the disks before these pro-

monitoring of disk

can only stress the importance of initialization when using

this basic rule will enable the usertobenefit

develop a

another.

THE DISK OPERATING SYSTEM

the user but which are vital

that

no lengthy waits for an open channel

110,

the DOS also uses the channel structure

DOS

Support which was used during hardware

the

user. Because of its ease of use, DOS Support symbols

(DOS)

were easiertoimplement at cedures they replace. and simplify your knowledge

is now appropriatetobriefly discuss how DOS Support can enhance

that

point than attemptingtoexplain

operating your Commodore computer.

the

programming pro-

The first file on

Wedge

puter memory, permits

For example, disk commands which would normally be transmitted PRINT#1fn "commandstring" format may be transmitted via DOS SUPPORT by preceding

the command

cause DOS SUPPORT

with DOS Support special symbols can simplify learning about your Commodore computer

by providing a faster method instructions concerning

program, often referredtoas DOS SUPPORT. This program, when loaded into com-

the

TEST/DEMO diskette

the

usertoenter abbreviations for many disk commands.

with>

or@.Typing slash (I) followed by a program name and RETURN will

load

the

useofthese special symbols and their limitations.

that

comes with your disk driveisthe

the disk using the

that

program into memory. Replacing certain disk commands

communicate with the disk. Chapter 7 contains detailed

Universal

DISK MAINTENANCE COMMANDS

The following disk commands permit the user to perform file manipulation and disk maintenance.

4.0

COMMAND

Diskette Level

BASIC

COMMAND NEW INITIALIZE Prepare diskette for use LOAD"$O" VALIDATE Reconstruct Block Availability

Formats a disk

Read disk directory

Map

FUNCTION

(BAM)

BASIC

DIRECT

HEADER

Commodore 2040, 3040, 4040, 8050 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual