Codan Radio Communications CASC165B User Manual
CASCADE 2019
PRODUCT GUIDE
© 2019 Codan Limited.
No part of this guide may be reproduced, transcribed, translated into any
language or transmitted in any form whatsoever without the prior written
consent of Codan Limited.
CODAN™, NGT™, Easitalk™, CIB™ and CALM™ are trademarks of
Codan Limited. Other brand, product, and company names mentioned
in this document are trademarks or registered trademarks of their
respective holders.
Document Number:
Revision:
Revision Date:
Security Classication:
The English version takes precedence over any translated versions.
CASC-2019
01
Nov 2019
PUBLIC
Codan Communications
Victoria, BC
PRINTED IN CANADA
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DOCUMENT CONTROL
This document has been produced, veried and controlled in accordance
with Quality Management System requirements.
Please report any errors or problems.
For more information or to contact technical
support, the Codan Communications website
is located at:
www.codancomms.com/lmr/
NOTE
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The user’s authority to operate this equipment could be revoked through
any changes or modications not expressly approved by Codan Limited.
The design of this equipment is subject to change due to continuous
development. This equipment may incorporate minor changes in detail
from the information contained in this manual.
Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may
not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference,
including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.
these exposure limits, and preparation of an
or preparing an EA, except as indicated in FCC 47 CFR §§ 1.1307
s has no reason to believe that the
typically mounted at a significant height above ground to provide adequate signal coverage. To reduce potential radio
interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the equivalent isotropically radiated
RF Exposure Warning
Exposure to radio frequency (RF) energy has been identified as a potential environmental factor that must be considered
before a radio transmitter can be authorized or licensed. The FCC and IC have therefore developed maximum permissible
exposure (MPE) limits for field strength and power density, listed in FCC 47 CFR § 1.1310 and IC RSS-102 Issue 5 Sect 4.
The FCC has furthermore determined that determination of compliance with
Environmental Assessment (EA) if the limits are exceeded, is necessary only for facilities, operations and transmitters that
fall into certain risk categories, listed in FCC 47 CFR § 1.1307 (b), Table 1. All other facilities, operations and transmitters
are categorically excluded from making such studies
(c) and (d).
KDB 447198 D01 General RF Exposure Guidance v06 and IC RSS-102 Issue 5 provide assistance in determining whether
a proposed or existing transmitting facility, operation or device complies with RF exposure limits. In accordance with KDB
447198 , FCC 47 CFR § 1.1307 (b) and RSS-102 Issue 5 Sect 2.5, the Codan Communications transmitter manufactured
in Canada is categorically excluded from routine evaluation or preparing an EA for RF emissions and this exclusion is
sufficient basis for assuming compliance with FCC/IC MPE limits. This exclusion is subject to the limits specified in FCC 47
CFR §§ 1.1307 (b), 1.1310 and IC RSS-102 Issue 5 Sect 4. Codan Communication
excluded transmitter encompasses exceptional characteristics that could cause non-compliance.
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Notes:
• The FCC and IC’s exposure guidelines constitute exposure limits, not emission limits. They are relevant to
locations that are accessible to workers or members of the public. Such access can be restricted or controlled
by appropriate means (i.e., fences, warning signs and others).
• The FCC and IC’s limits apply cumulatively to all sources of RF emissions affecting a given site. Sites
exceeding these limits are subject to an EA and must provide test reports indicating compliance.
RF Safety Guidelines and Information
Base and Repeater radio transmitters are designed to generate and radiate RF energy by means of an external antenna,
power (EIRP) is not more than that permitted for successful communication. The following antenna installation guidelines
must be adhered to in order to ensure RF exposure compliance:
Non-building-mounted Antennas:
• Height above ground level to lowest point of antenna ≥ 10m
• Power ≤ 1000W ERP (1640W EIRP)
Building-mounted Antennas:
Power ≤ 1000W ERP (1640W EIRP)
The following RF Safety Guidelines should be observed when working in or around transmitter sites:
• Do not work on or around any transmitting antenna while RF power is applied.
• Before working on an antenna, disable the appropriate transmitter and ensure a “DO NOT USE” or
similar sign is placed on or near the PTT or key-up control.
• Assume all antennas are active unless specifically indicated otherwise.
• Never operate a transmitter with the cover removed.
• Ensure all personnel entering a transmitter site have electromagnetic energy awareness training.
For more information on RF energy exposure and compliance, please refer to the following:
1. FCC Code of Regulations; 47 CFR §§ 1.1307 and 1.1310
2. KDB 447198 D01 General RF Exposure Guidance v06
3. https://www.fcc.gov/general/radio-frequency-safety-0
4. IC RSS-102 Issue 5, “Radio Frequency Exposure Compliance of Radio Communication
Apparatus”
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using a short cable with 0dB loss, to verify if 650cm (6.5meters) is a
RF Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE)
Exhibit Requirements for Installations in the United States of America
FCC Part 1, Section 1.1 307 table 1- Transmitters, Fac ilities and Operations Subject to Routine Environmental Ev aluation states the following f or Part 90 Devices:
• Part 90 devices Non-building-mounted antennas: height above ground level to lowest point of antenna <10 m and power >1000 W ERP (1640 W
EIRP). Building-mou nted antennas: powe r >1000 W ERP (1640 W EIRP).
Another way of wo rding this is that Part 90 devices are not Subject to Routi ne Environmental Evaluation when the antenna is installed at 10Meters or higher
and operating total p ower level of all channels is less than 1640 Watts EIRP.
As an example, a 100W transmitter with a 10dB gain antenna with a low loss cable would t ranslate into 1,000 Watts EIRP in the envelope lobe. If it is
mounted 10 Meters or higher above where people could be walking, you h ave a safe installation and do not have to perf orm MPE calculations for safe
distance.
If the antenna is lower than 10 Meters then you need to v erify that your installation i s at a safe distance for Exposu re to the General Population.
For United States inst allations, you must ensure that your installation complies w ith the Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) requirements for general
population that are specified under FCC Part 1 Section 1.1310 Table 1.
For US Installations, the maximum power density res ulting from the composite Eff ective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) from the antenna connected to this
equipment must be limit ed to the maximum permissible exposure as stated below:
• Power density limit for the band 152 to 174MHz = 0.2 mW/cm²
MPE and Safe Distance Calculations for USA Installations
This Power Density va lue is determined by the combination of RF output, cable loss, antenna gain, and distance from the antenna when energized .
The MPE calculation for US installations is expressed as follows:
• Power Density Pd (mW/cm²) =
Where
• d = distance from the antenna ex pressed in cm.
• EIRP expressed in mW =
• Tx Power (dBm) = 10*log[Tx Power (mW)]
As an example, with the t ransmitter running at 100 watts output into an antenna with a gain of 10 dBi
safe distance from the antenna to ensure exposure co mpliance of 0.2mW/cm2:
1) 100 Watts Tx Pow er = 50dBm
2) EIRP (mW) =
3) Pd (mW/cm2) =
• 6.5 me ters (21.125 Feet) is a safe distance for US installations when using a 10dBi Antenna
The minimum safe distance, from a radiating structure using different "Gain Antennas"
• For the Band 152 to 174MHz with 2dBi Gain Antenna: d (safe distance) = 2.6 m
• For the Band 152 to 174MHz with 6dBi Gain Antenna: d (safe distance) = 4.0 m
• For the Band 152 to 174MHz with 10dBi G ain Antenna: d (safe distance) = 6.5 m
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RF Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE)
Exhibit Requirements for Installations in Canada
MPE and Safe Distance Calculations for Canada Installations
For Canada installations, the maximum power density resulting from the composite Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) from the antenna c onnected to this
equipment must be limited to the maximum permissible exposure as stated below:
• Power density lim it for the band 152 to 174MHz = 1.291 W/m²
The MPE calculation for US is expressed as follows:
• Power Density Pd (W/m²) =
Where
• d = distance from the antenna expressed in meters (m)
• EIRP expressed in Watts (W) =
• Tx Power (dBW) = 10*log[Tx Power (W)]
As an example, with the t ransmitter running at 100 watts output into an antenna with a gain of 10 dBi using a short cab le with 0dB loss, to verify if 7 .5meters is a safe
distance from the antenna to ensure exposure comp liance of 1.21W/m2:
4) 100 Watts Tx Power = 20dB
5) EIRP (W) =
6) Pd (W/m2) =
• 8.5 meters is a safe dist ance for Canada installations when using a 10dBi gain antenna.
When installing the antenna, the above relationship should be used to ensure the combination of power, antenna gain, and distance is such that the maximum
permissible power de nsity is not exceeded. Different combinations of output p ower and antenna gain will result in different minimum safe distances.
The minimum safe distance, from a radiating structu re using different Gain Antennas”
• For the Band 152 to 174MHz with 2dBi Gain Antenna: d (s afe distance) = 3.5 m
• For the Band 152 to 174MHz with 6dBi Gain Antenna: d (s afe distance) = 5.5 m
• For the Band 152 to 174MHz with 10dBi Gain Antenna: d (safe distance) = 8.5 m
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