Codan Radio Communications CASC165A User Manual

CASCADE SYSTEM MODULES OPERATION GUIDE

CODAN™, NGT™, Easitalk™, CIB™ and CALM™ are trademarks of Codan Limited. Other brand, product, and company names mentioned in this document are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

Document Number:

Revision:

Revision Date:

Security Classication:

The English version takes precedence over any translated versions.

OG-CASC-SYS-MOD 1-0-1P May 2018 PUBLIC

Codan Radio Communications

Victoria, BC

PRINTED IN CANADA

DOCUMENT CONTROL

DOCUMENT REVISION

DEFINITION

This document has been produced, veried and controlled in accordance with Quality Management System requirements.

Please report any errors or problems.

Documentation uses a three-level revision system. Each element of the revision number signies the scope of change as described in the diagram below.

1-0-0

Major Revisions:

The result of a major change to

product function, process or requirements.

Minor Revisions:

The result of a minor change to

product, process or requirements.

Editorial Revisions:

The result of typing corrections or

changes in formatting, grammar or wording.

NOTE

Three-level revision numbers start at 1-0-0 for the rst release. The

appropriate element of the revision number is incremented by 1 for each

subsequent revision, causing any digits to the right to be reset to 0.

For example: If the current revision = 2-1-1 Then the next major revision = 3-0-0 If the current revision = 4-3-1 Then the next minor revision = 4-4-0 If the current revision = 3-2-2 Then the next editorial revision = 3-2-3

Document revision history is provided at the back of the document.

The user’s authority to operate this equipment could be revoked through

any changes or modications not expressly approved by Codan Limited.

The design of this equipment is subject to change due to continuous

development. This equipment may incorporate minor changes in detail from the information contained in this manual.

Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference,

including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.

Cascade System Modules Operation Guide OG-CASC-SYS-MOD-1-0-0P

Cascade System Modules Operation Guide

OG-CASC-SYS-MOD-1-0-0P

RF Exposure Warning

Exposure to radio frequency (RF) energy has been identied as a potential environmental factor that must be considered before a radio transmitter can be authorized or licensed. The FCC and IC have therefore developed maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limits for eld strength and power density, listed in FCC 47 CFR § 1.1310 and IC RSS-102 Issue 5 Sect 4. The FCC has furthermore determined that determination of compliance with these exposure limits, and preparation of an Environmental Assessment (EA) if the limits are exceeded, is necessary only for facilities, operations and transmitters that fall into certain risk categories, listed in FCC 47 CFR § 1.1307 (b), Table 1. All other facilities, operations and transmitters are categorically excluded from making such studies or preparing an EA, except as indicated in FCC 47 CFR §§ 1.1307 (c) and (d).

KDB 447198 D01 General RF Exposure Guidance v06 and IC RSS-102 Issue 5 provide assistance in determining whether a proposed or existing transmitting facility, operation or device complies with RF exposure limits. In accordance with KDB 447198 , FCC 47 CFR § 1.1307 (b) and RSS-102 Issue 5 Sect 2.5, the Codan Radio Communications transmitter manufactured in Canada is categorically excluded from routine evaluation or preparing an EA for RF emissions and this exclusion is sufcient basis for assuming compliance with FCC/IC MPE limits. This exclusion is subject to the limits specied in FCC 47 CFR §§ 1.1307 (b), 1.1310 and IC RSS-102 Issue 5 Sect 4. Codan Radio Communications has no reason to believe that the excluded transmitter encompasses exceptional

characteristics that could cause non-compliance.

Notes:

• The FCC and IC’s exposure guidelines constitute exposure limits, not emission limits. They are relevant

to locations that are accessible to workers or members of the public. Such access can be restricted or controlled by appropriate means (i.e., fences, warning signs and others).

• The FCC and IC’s limits apply cumulatively to all sources of RF emissions affecting a given site. Sites exceeding these limits are subject to an EA and must provide test reports indicating compliance.

RF Safety Guidelines and Information

Base and Repeater radio transmitters are designed to generate and radiate RF energy by means of an external

antenna, typically mounted at a signicant height above ground to provide adequate signal coverage. To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) is not more than that permitted for successful communication. The following

antenna installation guidelines must be adhered to in order to ensure RF exposure compliance:

Non-building-mounted Antennas:

• Height above ground level to lowest point of antenna ≥ 10 m

• Power ≤ 1000 W ERP (1640 W EIRP)

Building-mounted Antennas:

Power ≤ 1000 W ERP (1640 W EIRP)

The following RF Safety Guidelines should be observed when working in or around transmitter sites:

• Do not work on or around any transmitting antenna while RF power is applied.

• Before working on an antenna, disable the appropriate transmitter and ensure a “DO NOT USE”

or similar sign is placed on or near the PTT or key-up control.

• Assume all antennas are active unless specically indicated otherwise.

• Never operate a transmitter with the cover removed.

• Ensure all personnel entering a transmitter site have electromagnetic energy awareness training.

For more information on RF energy exposure and compliance, please refer to the following:

1. FCC Code of Regulations; 47 CFR §§ 1.1307 and 1.1310

2. KDB 447198 D01 General RF Exposure Guidance v06

3. https://www.fcc.gov/general/radio-frequency-safety-0

4. IC RSS-102 Issue 5, “Radio Frequency Exposure Compliance of Radio Communication Apparatus”

iii

��

( )

RF Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE)

Exhibit Requirements for Installations in the United States of America

FCC Part 1, Section 1.1307 table 1- Transmitters, Facilities and Operations Subject to Routine Environmental Evaluation states the following for Part 90 Devices:

• Part 90 devices Non-building-mounted antennas: height above ground level to lowest point of antenna <10 m and power >1000 W ERP (1640 W

EIRP). Building-mounted antennas: power >1000 W ERP (1640 W EIRP).

Another way of wording this is that Part 90 devices are not Subject to Routine Environmental Evaluation when the antenna is installed a t 10M et ers or higher and operating total power level of all channels is less than 1640 Watts EIRP.

As an example, a 125W transmitter with a 10dB gain antenna with a low loss cable would translate into 1,000 Watts EIRP in the envelope lobe. If it is mounted 10 Meters or higher above where people could be walking, you have a safe installation and do not have to perform MPE calculations for safe distance.

No antenna

If the antenna is lo wer than 10Meters then you need to verify that your installation is at a safe distance for Exposure to the General Population. For United States installations, you must ensure that your installation complies with the Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) requirem ents for general

population that are specified unde r FCC Part 1 Section 1.1310 Table 1.

is supplied with this unit. Some suggested antennas are:

- Manufacturer: Sinclair Model: SC225 Gain: 0 dBd (2.15 dBi)

- Manufacturer: Sinclair Model: SC233 Gain: 3 dBd (5.15 dBi)

- Manufacturer: Sinclair Model: SD114 Gain: 7.5 dBd (9.65 dBi)

For US Installations, the maximum power density resulting from the co mposite Effect ive Isotopic Radiated Power (EIRP) from the antenna connected to this equipment must be limited to the maximum permissible exposure as stated below:

• Power density limit for the band 152 to 174MHz = 0.2 mW/cm²

MPE and Safe Di stance Calculations fo r USA Installations

This Power Density value is determined by the combination of RF output, cable loss, antenna gain, and distance from the an tenna when energized. The MPE calculation for US installations is expressed as follows:

• Power Density Pd (mW/cm²) = (

Where

• d = distance from the antenna expressed in cm.

•

EIRP expressed in mW

��

��∗��∗��

[

�� (��)+�� (��)−

(

)

��

�� (��)]

)

• Tx Power (dBm) = 10*log[Tx Power (mW)]

As an example, with the transmitter running at 125 watts output into an antenna with a gain of 10 dBi using a short cable with 0dB loss, to verify if 650cm (6.5meters) is a safe distance from the antenna to ensure ex posure compliance of 0.2mW/cm

1) 125 Wa

2) EIRP (mW) = 10

3) Pd (mW/cm2 ) =

tts Tx Power = 51dBm

[

�� (50��)+

(

EIRP

(

) = (

4∗π∗d24∗��∗650

�� (10��)−

1,000,000

) = (

��

1,000,000

5,309,291

�� (0��)

]

)

=0.19 mW/cm

= 1,000,000mW

• 6.5 meters (21.125 Feet) is a safe distance for US installations when using a 10dBi Antenna.

The minimum safe distance, from a radiating structure using different Gain Antennas”

• For the Band 152 to 174MHz with 2dBi Gain Antenna: d (safe distance) = 2.6 m

• For the Band 152 to 174MHz with 6dBi Gain Antenna: d (safe distance) = 4.0 m

• For the Band 152 to 174MHz with 10dB i Gain Antenna: d (safe distance) = 6.5 m

Cascade System Modules Operation Guide OG-CASC-SYS-MOD-1-0-0P

•

( )

RF Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE)

- Manufacturer: Sinclair

Model: SC225

Gain: 0 dBd (2.15 dBi)

- Manufacturer: Sinclair

Model: SC233

Gain: 3 dBd (5.15 dBi)

- Manufacturer: Sinclair

Model: SD114

Gain: 7.5 dBd (9.65 dBi)

Exhibit Requirements for Installations in Canada

No antenna is supplied with this unit. Some suggested antenna s a re :

For Canada installations, you must ensure that your installation complies with the Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) requirements for general population that are specified under RSS-102 Section 4 Table 4.

MPE and Safe Distance Calculations for Canada Installations

For Canada installations, the maximum power density resulting from the composite Effective Isotopic Radiated Power (EIRP) from the antenna connected to this equipment must be limited to the maximum permissible exposure as stated below:

•

Power density limit for the band 152 to 174MHz

The MPE calculation for US is expressed as follows:

��

��∗��∗��

Where

Power Density Pd (W/m²) =

•

= distance from the antenna expressed in meters (m).

•

EIRP expressed in Watts (W)

•

Tx Power (dBW)

= 10*log[Tx Power (W)]

��

[�� (��)+�� (��)−��

(

= 1.291 W/m²

��

�� (

��)]

)

As an example, with the transmitter running at 125 watts output into an antenna with a gain of 10 dBi using a short cable with 0dB loss, to verify if 7.5meters is a safe distance from the antenna to ensure exposure compliance of 1.21W/m2:

4) 125 Watts Tx Power = 20.97dBW

[�� (20��)+�� (10��)−��

(

1,000

) = (

1,000

5) EIRP (W) =

6) Pd (W/m2) =

•

8.5 meters is a safe dista nce for Canada installa t i o ns when using a 10dBi gain antenna.

When installing the a

EIRP

(

) = (

4∗π∗d24∗��∗8.5

ntenna, the above relationship should be used to ensure the combination of power, antenna gain, and distance is such that the maximum

permissible power density is not exceeded. Different combinations of output power and antenna gain will result in different minimum safe distances.

The minimum sa f e distance , fr om a radiat i ng s tructure using differe nt Gain Antennas”

•

For the Band 152 to 174MHz with 2dBi Gain Antenna: d (safe distance) = 3.5 m For the Band 152 to 174MHz with 6dBi Gain Antenna: d (safe distance) = 5.5 m For the Band 152 to 174MHz with 10dBi Gain Antenna: d (safe distance) = 8.5 m

��

)

=1.11 W/m

907.9

�� (0��)]

)

(30)

= 1,000W

This Page Intentionally Left Blank

Cascade System Modules Operation Guide OG-CASC-SYS-MOD-1-0-0P

Contents

vii

General Information ...............................................................9

Introduction ................................................................................................9

Base Station / Repeater Specications .................................................... 10

Safety Information ................................................................ 13

Important Safety Warnings ....................................................................... 13

Subrack and Front Panel Safety .............................................................. 15

Regulatory Information ......................................................... 17

System Setup ....................................................................... 19

Unpack the Subrack ................................................................................. 19

Module Congurations ............................................................................. 20

Cascade Web GUI ................................................................................... 21

Cascade Theory of Operation .............................................. 23

Cascade Power Supply ........................................................ 25

Introduction .............................................................................................. 25

Installation ................................................................................................ 26

Power Connections .................................................................................. 26

Theory of Operation ................................................................................. 28

Cascade Transceiver ........................................................... 31

Introduction .............................................................................................. 31

Receiver Theory Of Operation ................................................................. 32

Transmitter Theory Of Operation .............................................................33

Cascade Power Amplier ..................................................... 35

Introduction .............................................................................................. 35

Installation ................................................................................................ 36

Connections ............................................................................................. 36

Theory of Operation ................................................................................. 36

Product Labeling .................................................................. 39

Power Supply Labels ............................................................................... 39

Transceiver Labels ................................................................................... 40

Power Amplier Labels ............................................................................41

Front Panel and Subrack Labels .............................................................. 42

Glossary of Terms ................................................................ 43

Cascade System Modules Operation Guide

OG-CASC-SYS-MOD-1-0-0P

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viii

Cascade System Modules Operation Guide OG-CASC-SYS-MOD-1-0-0P

GENERAL INFORMATION

INTRODUCTION

The CASCADE product continues the Codan Radio Communications tradition of module-based products, where module capability expands into systems capability. CASCADE comes in a compact

rack form factor of 19-inch width and 4U height, providing the exibility of a mix of transceivers / power amplifier pairs; six receivers only or a mix of modules. From a transmitting point of view, CASCADE offers up to two 125-watt power amplifier / transceiver pairs capable of not only P25

Phase I, but also LSM and P25 Phase II.

This guide covers operation information for the CASCADE System subrack and front panel, and

includes details on individual modules: DC-DC Power Supply, VHF Power Ampli

Transceiver.

er and VHF

Cascade System Modules Operation Guide

OG-CASC-SYS-MOD-1-0-0P

General Information

BASE STATION / REPEATER SPECIFICATIONS

RECEIVER (RX)

FCC Frequency Band: 150.8 to 173.4 MHz

IC Frequency Band: 148 to 174 MHz

Channel Spacing: 12.5 kHz

Channel Step Size: 1.25 kHz

Blocking Rejection: ≥ 100 dB

Frequency Switching Range: Full Band

Reference Sensitivity (12 dB SINAD & 5% BER): ≤ -120 dBm

Adjacent Channel Rejection: ≥ 60 dB

Conducted Spurious Output Power (Analog): ≤ -95 dBm (9 kHz to 1 GHz)

Intermodulation Rejection: ≥ 80 dB

Hum & Noise Ratio: *N/A

L.O. Frequency Stability: ≤ ± 0.5 ppm

Audio Distortion (Analog): *N/A (≤ 2%)

Audio Output Level (600 Ω Balanced): *N/A

TRANSMITTER (TX)

FCC Frequency Band: 150.8 to 173.4 MHz

IC Frequency Band: 148 to 174 MHz

Channel Spacing: 12.5 kHz

Channel Step Size: 1.25 kHz

Frequency Switching Range: Full Band

RF Output Power:

Duty Cycle: 100%

Undesired Emissions (Conducted Spurious): ≤ -90 dBc

Undesired Emissions (Adjacent Channel Power Ratio):

Intermodulation Attenuation: ≥ 70 dB

FM Hum & Noise Ratio: *N/A (≥ 45 dB Analog)

10 to 125W; 1W steps, adjustable

≥ 67 dB

Carrier Frequency Stability: ≤ ± 0.5 ppm

Audio Distortion (Analog): *N/A (≤ 2%)

VSWR Protection: Any (with fold-back)

Emission Designators: 8K10F1D, 8K10F1E, 8K10F1W, 8K10F7W,

8K70D1D, 8K70D1E, 8K70D1W, 8K70D7W,9K80D7D, 9K80D7E, 9K80D7W, 11K0F3E

Cascade System Modules Operation Guide OG-CASC-SYS-MOD-1-0-0P

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS:

Standby Current: ≤ 300 mA @ -48 VDC (no fan)

Transmit Current: ≤ 7.25A @ -48 VDC (@ 125W with fans)

Operating Temperature: -30 to +60°C

Dimensions (4RU): Width: Height: Depth:

48.3 cm / 19 in 17.6 cm / 6.95 in 50.2 cm / 19.8 in

General Information

Weight:

20.1 kg / 44.3 lbs [1 channel]

25.9 kg / 57.1 lbs [2 channel]

* CASCADE is not equipped with an analog audio input or output. Values noted are typical.

Equipment descriptions and specications are subject to change without notice or obligation.

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Cascade System Modules Operation Guide OG-CASC-SYS-MOD-1-0-0P

SAFETY INFORMATION

IMPORTANT SAFETY WARNINGS

To reduce the risk of personal injury and property damage, exercise caution and look for and comply with the safety symbols shown below.

NOTE:

STOP SIGN

When this symbol is shown, DO NOT continue until the safety items identied have been noted and addressed. Ignoring this reminder violates Codan standards of design for the product and will most likely result in severe personal injury or equipment damage.

CAUTION SIGN

When this symbol is shown, exercise caution and read the information carefully. If the corresponding procedure or information is not performed or applied correctly, the equipment may fail or performance may be compromised and personal safety could also be compromised.

When this symbol is shown, the selected information will add clarity to a procedure or provide additional information that will enhance the equipment performance.

Cascade System Modules Operation Guide

OG-CASC-SYS-MOD-1-0-0P

Safety Information

• Equipment Modication – DO NOT modify any parts on this

equipment. Contact Codan Radio Communications Service Department.

• Radiation from Radio Frequency (RF) – DO NOT touch the antenna when using the Transmitter. Always follow RF Safety Guidelines.

• Exploding Hazard – DO NOT operate the CASCADE equipment if

ammable gas or gas fumes are present.

• RF Burn Hazard – DO NOT touch the output connector in an open

circuit condition while transmitting. The amplier RF output connector

may produce risk of RF burns if operated with the output connector

in an open-circuit condition. The power amplier should always be operated with the specied load and connectors.

• Personal Safety – DO NOT operate or perform maintenance on the system without direct authority from Codan Radio Communications. Comply with all material handling regulations as many components are heavy and moving or lifting could cause physical injury.

• Airow Restriction – DO NOT cover or restrict the cooling fans or

vents; overheating can occur and cause serious damage.

• Equipment Damage – DO NOT lift the subrack by the front panel handles. The handles are not designed to bear the full weight of the

subrack and tted modules.

• Hot Surface Hazard – The Power Amplier surface temperature may

exceed safe touch temperatures when operated under high-power and/or high-ambient temperature conditions.

• Shock Hazard – Protect all CASCADE equipment from the possibility

of lightning strikes and contact from any unspecied external power

source.

Cascade System Modules Operation Guide OG-CASC-SYS-MOD-1-0-0P

Assembled subrack and modules weigh over 40 pounds (18+ kilograms). A twoperson lift may be required.

+ 30 hidden pages

Codan Radio Communications CASC165A User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

GENERAL INFORMATION

INTRODUCTION

BASE STATION / REPEATER SPECIFICATIONS

SAFETY INFORMATION

IMPORTANT SAFETY WARNINGS