COBHAM M2TE-S Operation Manual
Operations Manual
User’s Manual
The most important thing we build is trust.
The most important thing we build is trust.
Messenger 2 Transmitter Enhanced – SDI Version
OPERATIONS MANUAL
M2TE-S
Cobham Tactical Communications and Surveillance
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GMS Inc. doing business as Cobham Tactical Communications and Surveillance
1916 Palomar Oaks Way, Suite 100, Carlsbad, CA 92008
Tel: 760-496-0055
FAX: 760-496-0057
www.cobham.com/tcs
Table of Contents
1. Important Warning and General Safety Information ................................................................................................. 7
1.1 General ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................7
2. Acronyms .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
3. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
3.1 About the Manual .................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
3.2 Warranty .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
3.3 Safe Operating Procedures ............................................................................................................................................................... 10
4. General System Information ..................................................................................................................................................... 11
4.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
4.2 Video Quality and 2K or 4K Transmission.................................................................................................................................. 15
5. Hardware Overview ........................................................................................................................................................................... 17
5.1 M2TE-S Connectors ............................................................................................................................................................................. 17
5.1.1 RF Output, Ant Port ...................................................................................................................................................................... 17
5.1.2 ASI Out .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 18
5.1.3 HD/SD-SDI IN/ASI IN/COMPOSITE ..................................................................................................................................... 18
5.1.4 DC IN .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 18
5.1.5 I/O – CONTROL .............................................................................................................................................................................. 18
5.2 Analog Audio Input Configurations .............................................................................................................................................. 20
6. Local Control Panel Operation .................................................................................................................................................. 22
6.1 Local Control Panel Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 22
6.2 Local Control Panel Physical layout .............................................................................................................................................. 22
6.3 Power-up Sequence .............................................................................................................................................................................. 23
6.4 Numbered LEDs ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
6.5 Key Pads ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
6.5.1 “MODE” Key Pad ............................................................................................................................................................................ 26
6.5.2 Arrow Key Pads “↑↓←→” ...................................................................................................................................................... 26
6.5.3 Enter Key Pad “ENTR“ ................................................................................................................................................................. 26
6.6 Modes.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
6.6.1 Configuration Groups (CFG GRPS LED) Operation ........................................................................................................ 27
6.6.2 RF LEVEL (Green LED) ................................................................................................................................................................. 28
6.6.3 Analog AUDIO (Green LED) ..................................................................................................................................................... 28
6.6.4 ENCRYPTION (THE “KEY” Green LED) ................................................................................................................... 29
6.6.5 REPORT (Green LED) .................................................................................................................................................................... 30
6.7 Status LEDs ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 31
6.7.1 RF ON .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 32
6.7.2 INPUT ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 32
6.7.3 MIC ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
6.7.4 4k Operation ................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
6.7.5 ENCRYPTION (THE “KEY” ) ......................................................................................................................................... 33
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6.7.6 ERROR ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 33
6.8 Locking the local control panel interface ................................................................................................................................... 33
6.8.1 Setup lock ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
6.8.2 Locked Modes ................................................................................................................................................................................ 33
7. Software Overview ............................................................................................................................................................................ 35
7.1 Product Control & Status Monitoring Approach .................................................................................................................... 35
7.2 M2TE Web Interface ........................................................................................................................................................................... 37
7.3 Account Management ........................................................................................................................................................................ 37
7.4 Internet Connection ............................................................................................................................................................................ 37
7.5 Group Configurations .......................................................................................................................................................................... 43
7.5.1 Individual Configuration Group Setup ............................................................................................................................... 43
7.5.2 Configuration Groups File Import ........................................................................................................................................ 56
7.5.3 Configuration Groups File Export ......................................................................................................................................... 57
7.5.4 Restoration of Default Groups ............................................................................................................................................... 57
7.6 Status ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 58
7.7 System Setup ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 59
7.7.1 RF Power ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 59
7.7.2 Encryption ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 60
7.7.3 Control Panel .................................................................................................................................................................................. 62
7.7.4 Network ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 62
7.7.5 Serial Port ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 64
7.7.6 Logon Update ................................................................................................................................................................................. 65
7.8 System Upgrade ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 66
7.8.1 Firmware Upgrade ........................................................................................................................................................................ 67
7.8.2 Optional Features ......................................................................................................................................................................... 69
7.9 Help .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 71
8. Initial Checkout .................................................................................................................................................................................. 72
8.1 Getting Started ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 72
9. Specifications ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 74
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List of Tables
Table 1 – Recommended 1.0/2.3 3G mating connector .................................................................................................................. 18
Table 2 – Recommended 1.0/2.3 3G mating connector .................................................................................................................. 18
Table 3 – Recommended DC IN mating connector ........................................................................................................................... 18
Table 4 – Recommended VHDCI mating connector with Cable .................................................................................................. 19
Table 5 – I/O - Control VHDCI-68 Connector Pin Out ...................................................................................................................... 19
Table 6 - Audio Configurations..................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Table 7 - Report Error Table ........................................................................................................................................................................... 31
List of Figures
Figure 1 – M2TE-S Connectors..................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 2 - M2TE control panel ...................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Figure 3 - Numbered LEDs ............................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Figure 4 - Alphanumeric Characters Displayed on Numbered LED’s .......................................................................................... 25
Figure 5 - Key Pads ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 26
Figure 6 - MODES LEDs ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
Figure 7 - “STATUS” LEDs ................................................................................................................................................................................ 32
Figure 8 – M2TE serial port connection configuration ..................................................................................................................... 39
Figure 9 – Web interface welcome page ................................................................................................................................................. 41
Figure 10 – Login window ............................................................................................................................................................................... 41
Figure 11 – Web interface main page ....................................................................................................................................................... 42
Figure 12 – Individual group configuration page (RF Tab) ............................................................................................................. 43
Figure 13 - Individual group configuration page (Video Tab) ....................................................................................................... 46
Figure 14 - Individual group configuration page (Audio Tab) ....................................................................................................... 47
Figure 15 - Individual group configuration page (TS Tab) .............................................................................................................. 49
Figure 16 - Individual group configuration page (Encryption Tab) ............................................................................................ 50
Figure 17 - Individual group configuration page (Auxiliary Data Tab) ...................................................................................... 51
Figure 18 - Individual group configuration page (Streaming-In Tab) ........................................................................................ 53
Figure 19 - Individual group configuration page (Streaming-Out Tab) .................................................................................... 54
Figure 20 – Multi-group configuration file import .............................................................................................................................. 56
Figure 21 – Multi-group configuration file export through Mozilla Firefox ........................................................................... 57
Figure 22 – Restore Default Groups Page ................................................................................................................................................ 58
Figure 23 – M2TE Status page ...................................................................................................................................................................... 59
Figure 24 – M2TE RF Power Configuration page ................................................................................................................................. 60
Figure 25 – M2TE Encryption Configuration page ............................................................................................................................. 61
Figure 26 – M2TE Control Panel Configuration page ........................................................................................................................ 62
Figure 27 – M2TE Network Configuration page .................................................................................................................................. 63
Figure 28 – M2TE Serial Port Configuration page ............................................................................................................................... 65
Figure 29 – M2TE Logon Update page ..................................................................................................................................................... 66
Figure 30 - M2TE DSP firmware upgrade page ..................................................................................................................................... 67
Figure 31 – M2TE Xilinx firmware upgrade page ................................................................................................................................. 69
Figure 32 – M2TE optional feature page ................................................................................................................................................. 70
Figure 33 – M2TE Help page ......................................................................................................................................................................... 71
Figure 34 – Basic M2TE Link Setup ............................................................................................................................................................. 72
Figure 35 - Windows Start Button .............................................................................................................................................................. 80
Figure 36 - Control Panel ................................................................................................................................................................................. 81
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Figure 37 - Network Center ............................................................................................................................................................................ 82
Figure 38 - Network Connections ............................................................................................................................................................... 83
Figure 39 - LAN Properties .............................................................................................................................................................................. 84
Figure 40 - TCP/IPv4 Properties ................................................................................................................................................................... 85
Figure 41 - Static IP Address .......................................................................................................................................................................... 86
List of Appendices
Appendix A - IP Static Addressing and Interfacing to a Personal Computer .............................................. 79
A.1. Static .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 79
A.2. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) ...................................................................................................................... 87
Appendix B - Cable, M2T External Breakout Cables ....................................................................................................... 88
Appendix C - Factory Default Set-up Groups ...................................................................................................................... 90
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Revision History
Revision Date Main Changes from Previous version Edited by Checked
X1 2 Sept 2011 Initial Release TGM
X1A 12 Dec 2011
X2 18 April 2012
X3 28 Sept 2012
Add Appendix (A) – IP Static Addressing , Interfacing to
a Personal Computer
Add operational description of new FW (DSP 2.0 w
Xilinx 5) release where applicable.
Add operational description of new FW (DSP 2.201 w
Xilinx 6). New video auto detection, frame reduction,
new default groups, new AES-C encryption, update
figures with latest GUI pictures.
TG
TG
TG
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1. Important Warning and General Safety Information
1.1 General
The following information is presented to the operator to ensure awareness of potential harmful RF
(radio frequency) exposure and general hazards. With regards to potential harmful RF
electromagnetic fields the text below is only a brief summary highlighting the possible risks and how
to minimize exposure. The summary is based on OET Bulletin 65 “Evaluating Compliance with FCC
Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields”.1 The user should
carefully read and comprehend the following before operating the equipment and for additional in
depth information refer to OET Bulletin 65.
1
1. FCC has set guidelines
when operating the M2TE microwave transmitter. The maximum power density allowed from
1.7-7.0GHz is 5mW/cm
population/uncontrolled exposure**. These are the limits for maximum permissible exposure
(MPE) as called out in the FCC guidelines (for the above mentioned frequencies).
2. Exposure is based upon the average time spent within the RF field with a given intensity (field
units in mW/cm2)2. Hence it may be controlled (or at least minimized) by observing the safe
distances and time exposed. Safe distances are calculated from equations predicting RF Fields.3
3. The transmitter is a mobile device, is rated at 0.2W (+23dBm) RF power and is capable of harmful
radiation if safe operating practices are not observed.
*”Occupational/controlled exposure limits apply to situations in which persons are exposed as a consequence of
their employment and in which those persons who are exposed have been made fully aware of the potential for
exposure and can exercise control over their exposure. Occupational/controlled exposure limits also apply where
exposure is of a transient nature as a result of incidental passage through a location where exposure levels may
be above general population/uncontrolled limits (see below), as long as the exposed person has been made fully
aware of the potential for exposure and can exercise control over his or her exposure by leaving the area or by
some other appropriate means……..”
for evaluating exposure to RF emissions that the user must be aware of
2
for occupational/controlled exposure* and 1mW/cm2 for general
(2)
** “General population/uncontrolled exposure limits apply to situations in which the general public may be
exposed or in which persons who are exposed as a consequence of their employment may not be made fully
aware of the potential for exposure or cannot exercise control over their exposure. Therefore, members of the
general public would always be considered under this category when exposure is not employment-related, for
example, in the case of a telecommunications tower that exposes persons in a nearby residential area.“
4. Antenna minimum safe operating distance is 20cm (8inches) when using a 2dB Omni
antenna. It is the responsibility of the qualified end-user of this intentional radiator to control the
save distances and exposure limits to bystanders.
1
OET Bulletin 65, Appendix A Table 1 Limits for MPE
http://www.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Engineering_Technology/Documents/bulletins/oet65/oet65.pdf
2
OET Bulletin 65, page 9, definitions of types of exposure
3
OET Bulletin 65, page 19, Equations for predicting RF Fields
http://www.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Engineering_Technology/Documents/bulletins/oet65/oet65.pdf
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(2)
5. Do not substitute any antenna for the one supplied or recommended by the
manufacturer. The installer is responsible for ensuring that the proper antenna is installed.
6. It should be noted that this device is an intentional radiator, hence:
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for
compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
NOTE: The manufacturer is not responsible for any radio or TV interference caused
by unauthorized modifications to this equipment. Such modifications could void the
user’s authority to operate the equipment.
7. DC power (+12VDC nominal) to the unit should never be applied until the antenna (or other
suitable load) has been attached to the device SMA RF output connector. Safe operating
procedures must be observed when unit is transmitting into an antenna (see sections 1 &2
above).
8. Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) precautions should be observed as a safe practice.
9. The transmitter will generate considerable heat and is the responsibility of the end user to
properly heat sink the device before using.
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2. Acronyms
This section lists and describes the various acronyms used in this document.
Name Meaning
16 QAM 16-state Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
64 QAM 64-state Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
A/V Audio/Video
AES Advanced Encryption System (32 bit)
ASI Asynchronous Serial Interface
BDC or BDCC Block down converter
COFDM Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
CVBS/Y Composite video/Luminance with S-video
D/C Down-Converter
FEC Forward Error Correction
GUI Graphical User Interface
HD High Definition
I/O Input/ Output
Kbaud Kilobaud per second
Kbps Kilobits per second
Mbps Megabits per second
MER Modulation Error Rate
MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
MSR Messenger Smart Receiver
M2D Messenger Two Decoder
M2TE Messenger Two Transmitter Enhanced
M2L Messenger Two Link
NTSC National Television System Committee
PAL Phase Alternation Line
QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
RF Radio Frequency
RX Receiver
S/N Signal-to-Noise Ratio
SD Standard Definition
SDI Serial Digital Interface
TX Transmitter
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3. Introduction
3.1 About the Manual
Cobham User Manuals focus on providing the end user an easy to understand operational
instructions to quickly setup and deploy the equipment. The Cobham Technical Operation Manuals
focus on the technical details and setup of the equipment. The Technical Manuals also provide a
more in depth explanation of the settings and specifications of the equipment that technicians can
use to verify the operational status.
3.2 Warranty
Cobham offers a 12 month standard product warranty. During this period, should the customer
encounter a fault with the equipment we recommend the following course of action:
Check the support section of the website for information on that product and any
software/firmware upgrades.
If fault persists call our support line and report the fault. If fault persists and you are informed
to return the product, please obtain an RMA number from the Cobham support department
or website and ship the equipment with the RMA number displayed and a description of the
fault. Please email the support section the airway bill/consignment number for tracking
purposes.
Depending on the nature of the fault, Cobham endeavor to repair the equipment and return it to the
customer within 14 days of the item arriving at our workshops. Obviously it is impossible to cater for
all types of faults and to manage 100% replacement part availability, and delays are sometimes
inevitable.
Please contact Cobham for details of packages that can be tailored to meet your individual needs,
whether they are service availability, technical training, local geographic support or dedicated spares
holdings.
3.3 Safe Operating Procedures
Ensure that the power supply arrangements are adequate to meet the requirements of this
product.
Operate within the environmental limits specified for the product.
This product requires external cooling to stay within its operating limits. Be sure to use an
adequate heat sink.
Only authorized, trained personnel should open the product. There are no functions that
required the User to gain access to the interior of the product.
Warning: Opening this product will void its warranty!
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4. General System Information
4.1 Overview
The Messenger 2 Transmitter Enhanced (M2TE) is a second generation AVC HD/SD COFDM transmitter
that combines all the features and capabilities of Cobham Surveillance’s (CS’s) Messenger 2 AVC HD/SD
Transmitter with the additional features listed in the Key System Features section below. All of this is
included in a smaller housing (8.6 cu inches). Key features include optional Dual Audio/Video/Data
processing with end to end system-level latencies of down to ~44 mS when used with CS
Receiver/Decoders.
The Ultra-low system latency greatly enhances real-time operating when the link is used in time critical
situations like piloting Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) or in
threat response. Optional Dual video processing enables 3D content collection which provides depth
perception and greater control for UGV applications requiring fine spatial operations like explosive device
de-arming. The M2TE’s 3D capability also enhances Entertainment, Sports, and ENG applications.
The M2TE can optionally provide time-correlated KLV-1 and KLV-2 META data processing4 that is used in
Airborne Surveillance Applications and Geospatial determination. The META data can be extracted from
the SDI/HD-SDI video’s ancillary data space or input on a separate RS-422 interface.
The M2 Series “Messenger Two Series” product line incorporated AVC / H.264 compression technology
with ultra-low delay that covers all the SD and HD formats up to 1080P. AVC compression provides
dramatically increased compression efficiency over MPEG-2 which allows our link to provide superior
coverage over a wider operating range!
There are two core hardware configurations for M2TE. The HD/SD-SDI configuration accepts up to two
Standard Definition (SD) or High Definition (HD) 4:2:2 Digital Video (HD/SD- SDI) or analog composite
Video and Analog Stereo Audio Inputs (Mic or Line Level) and/or optional Embedded Audio up to a total
of two stereo pairs or four mono channels sets or one stereo pair or two mono channels per program.
Mic bias is also provided. In the HDMI configuration4, the HD/SD-SDI interfaces are replaced with two
HDMI interfaces that accept both digital video and audio.
Both Video programs can be compressed according to the Advanced Video Compression (AVC) / H.264
(HD/SD) specification with the same or different frame resolutions, rates and formats. The low-latency
AVC Encoder supports the Baseline Profile with extensions with resolutions from 480 to 1080 with
support for either interlaced or progressive formats. The Audio is compressed using MPEG-1 Layer 2
compression. Low rate Auxiliary data up to 115 KBaud can be optionally supported. Both programs
Audio, Video and Auxiliary Data Packets PES Streams are multiplexed with Basic Service Data to indicate
their respective Service Names. If two programs are active, the two transport streams are multiplexed
into a single multi-program stream. The stream can be optionally scrambled with AES scrambling system
to provide protection in sensitive applications. User selections for all transport stream ID numbers and
service names are provided.
The M2TE is a complete system with Audio/Video encoders/compressors and all the required processing
to transmit the modulated signal with up to 200mW of RF over a wide variety of RF bands. External
Power Amplifiers are available to boost the signal to up to 15W (band dependent). CS’ COFDM wireless
4
In development, future update
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equipment provides standard a robust digital modulation system known as Coded Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplexed (COFDM) that provides frequency diversity and powerful Forward Error Correction
(FEC) algorithms. This modulation is ideas for transmitting over water or into urban environments which
typically have high multi-path interference. Product development plans include the ability to switch via a
command to single carrier modulations for Line of Sight (LOS) applications and compatibility with other
surveillance systems.
Our Messenger Receivers include an option for Spatial Maximal Ratio Pre-Detect Diversity Combining to
combat multipath reflections found in indoor/urban environments. CS’ Messenger six or eight channel
receivers with associated Messenger Antenna Arrays (MAAs) provide wide reception range without the
hassle and cost of an auto tracking antenna system. The Messenger series Tx/Rx products provide a
robust wireless link that is effective against the multipath interference experienced by analog systems
and provides reliable data transmission in the most difficult of terrains.
LAN/IP Port
The M2TE contain a 10/100BaseT LAN interface that can be used both for Control & Status monitoring
and for Transport Stream (TS) streaming in and out of the device. The IP address can be assigned
automatically via a DHCP server or via manual settings. Control & Status monitoring is accomplished via
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a WEB server application that launches from the device. TSs can be sent out or in via UDP/IP or
RTP/UDP/IP protocols.
3D Support
3D is a very new area in the Broadcast industry. From a content collection standpoint it is normally
accomplished with two separate cameras that are GEN-LOCKED together outputting two separate Video
signals.
Content Collection Format
The encoder maintains a frame by frame synchronization as it goes through its processing.
AES Scrambling
The AES Scrambling option can be used to add security to your data transmission. The system scrambles
the payload portion of the TS packets. Only the TS header remains unscrambled to enable operation with
standard DVB-T receivers. The 256/128 bit-scrambling key is entered through the M2TE’s control
interface. The user can enable or disable the scrambling as well as choosing if the key is stored within the
Tx or not via CS’ Microsoft Windows control program. Encryption on/off is also available from the local
control panel (if it was previously turned ON).
Local Control Panel
The M2TE includes a simple local control panel that allows the selection of up to 20 set-up
configurations, Encryption Enable/Disable, switch between Mic and Line Level inputs and selection of 4
output power levels. Status indicators are provided for the presence of input Audio, Video and RF
output. Each of these set-up configurations can independently control every programmable parameter in
the TX including RF Frequency, Modulation Mode, Compression Modes and Video Resolution to name a
few. These Set-Up Groups can be configured by Administrative Personnel using the CS M.S. Window’s
Control Application prior to fielding the equipment.
This manual provides information on how to operate the M2T-E as well as pertinent technical
information related to the overall system. Refer to the model identifier (on-line document, 100MNI0115 - latest revision) at the Cobham website, http://www.cobham.com/tcs, for available frequency
and power configurations along with options.
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Key System Features
Ultra-Low End to End System Latency (down to ~44 mS)
5
AVC HD/SD Encoder (Up to 1080p 30FPS)
Supports Dual Audio/Video/Data programs (Option)
o Multi-Camera Support
o 3D Support
COFDM Modulation (DVB-T 2 K or 4 K Carriers
Bandwidths DVB-T 6,7,& 8 MHz (STD) & 12, 14 & 16 MHz (4 K
6
)
6
)
Output Frequency: 0.9 to 7 GHz (In-Bands)
Dual L/S Band Capability
Dual 3Gbps HD/SDI-SDI and Analog SD Video Input Interfaces Option
Dual HDMI Video Input Interfaces Option
7
Analog Audio and Embedded Audio
Transport Stream Streaming via LAN or ASI or Serial Interface
Time Correlated KLV Meta Data handling
7
Secure – BCRYPT AES 128/256 Encryption or AES-C 128/256
Control via local panel or remote LAN Web Server or Serial Interface
Video Input(s) format type automatically detected-no setup required by user
Signal Processing
The Messenger 2 Transmitter Enhanced (M2TE) series accepts up to two Standard Definition (SD) or
High Definition (HD) 4:2:2 digital videos or analog SD videos and analog stereo audio inputs (Mic or
Line level). Each video is compressed independently according to the Advanced Video Compression
(AVC) /h.264 specifications. Therefore, the video inputs can either the same resolution and frame
rate or completely different resolutions and frame rates. The low-latency AVC Encoder supports the
Baseline Profiles with resolutions from 480 to 1080 with support for either interlaced or progressive
formats. The audio is compressed using MPEG layer II compression. Low rate Auxiliary data up to
115 KBaud can be optionally supported.
The basic system supplies support for generation of a single audio/video/data program within a
MPEG Transport Steam (TS). The audio, video and auxiliary
data packets PES streams are multiplexed
with basic service data to indicate the service name. The stream can be scrambled with AES
scrambling system to provide protection in sensitive applications.
The dual system option supplies support for generation of two independent audio/video/data
programs within a single MPEG Transport Steam (TS). The dual program stream can also be
scrambled with AES scrambling system to provide protection in sensitive applications.
The M2TE can operate in one of two modes When the Transmit Mode is enabled the TS will be sent
to the COFDM RF transmission processing section. In this mode it can also be streamed out
optionally the ASI output port and/or the LAN port for local distribution or recording on external
5
When used in Ultra-Low Latency mode (Intra-Refresh) with Cobham’s Messenger 2 Decoders and Receiver Decoders
6
With 4K High-Throughput Option on M2TE or Encoder Mode
7
In development, future update
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devices. The second operating mode is the Encoder-Only Mode. In this mode the COFDM RF
transmission chain is disabled and only the ASI and LAN ports are active.
There are two COFDM operating modes available; standard 2K DVB-T compliant and a Cobham
unique 4K mode
8
. The 4K mode provided twice the data throughput than 2K mode (2x RF
bandwidth) and allows the transmission of high quality dual HD video in a robust 16-QAM format.
COFDM 2K Carrier Mode
In 2K Mode the M2TE uses standard DVB-T coding and modulation. DVB-T stands for Digital Video
Broadcasting — Terrestrial; it is the DVB European-based consortium standard for the broadcast
transmission of digital terrestrial television that was first broadcast in the UK in 1997. This system
transmits compressed digital audio, video and other data in an MPEG transport stream, using coded
orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (COFDM or OFDM) modulation.
The OFDM scheme works by splitting the digital data stream into a large number of slower digital
streams each of which digitally modulate a set of closely spaced adjacent carrier frequencies. COFDM
goes a step further by using a “Coding” scheme to map the data onto the multiple carriers in a way
that maximizes recovery from link errors. This coding includes Forward Error Correction with
Convolution Interleaves’ and Reed Solomon encoding along with careful distribution of the data onto
the multiple carriers. COBHAM CS has chosen to use 2K carrier in which 1,705 carriers actually carry
the payload that are approximately 4KHz apart. DVB-T offers three different modulation schemes
(QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM).
4K Carrier Mode
The 4K HIGH-THROUGHPUT OPTION enables user-selectable options to set bandwidths from 6 MHz
to 16 MHz and to double the throughput of our standard M2T (Up to 63 Mbps!). In 2K carrier mode
the system would need to operate in 64-QAM to support dual program/video operations. Using 4K
carriers and the 16 MHz bandwidth, the link can support dual program/video HD operation using 16
QAM. This increases link robustness and provides an additional 13.5 dB of gain with a link margin
increase greater than 4.7 x in operating range! For the same throughput rate in a standard HD MPEG2 DVB-T system! With the 4 K HIGH-THROUGHPUT OPTION you can run with fully DVB-T compliant
2K carriers and bandwidths of 6, 7, or 8 MHz. When you switch to 4K carriers you can select 12, 14
or 16 MHz bandwidth.
4.2 Video Quality and 2K or 4K Transmission
The M2TE uses Advanced Coding Standard (AVC) also known as h.264 or MPEG-4 Part 10. It is 3040% more compression efficient than MPEG-2 which helps achieve high quality HD or SD video
through a standard 2K DVB-T wireless link.
Video quality depends on many complex factors including;
Video resolution and frame rate
Single or dual video processing
8
With 4K High-Throughput Option on M2TE or Encoder Mode
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Level of detail and contrast
Level of motion in the video
Level of noise in the video
Existence of repeating patterns in the video
The required level of video quality will not be the same for all applications. Broadcasters often
demand high-quality while certain surveillance applications may be satisfied with much less quality.
Since we support a wide variety of applications we allow a wide range of settings. Not every set-up
configuration will be acceptable for all applications.
Through experimentation it has been found that a single 1080 resolution HD video at 30 fps can be
supported with very good video quality under most video conditions at ~16 Mbps. 720p @60 fps
needs ~14 Mbps for similar quality. Simple HD video scenes can be supported at very low bit rates,
4Mbps for example. However, they will degrade rapidly with motion or noise. The M2TE’s factory
defaults for single program/video operation are set to the aforementioned levels which can be
accomplished with 2K DVB-T transmission using 16-QAM which is reasonably robust in most wireless
environments.
The factory defaults for dual program (dual video) with 2K DVB-T run in 64-QAM operation and
allocate ~12 Mbps per program/video. At these rates the video will still be good. However, as the
videos become more demanding there will be more artifacts. Also, 64-QAM operation will reduce the
operating range and robustness of the link.
If you are using a mixture of HD and SD you can allocate more of the data bandwidth to the HD
program using the Video Bit Rate Allocation controls in the set-up configuration group parameter.
This parameter allows the user to allocate a percentage of the channel bit rate to program A vs. B.
If you want to get the video quality and range of our single program/video operation with dual HD
videos you will need to go to our 4K operation which doubles the throughput of the link. Note that
the RF bandwidth is also doubled. However, in this mode you will be able to go back to 16-QAM and
have high video quality with reasonable link range and robustness.
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5. Hardware Overview
The basic M2TE-S transmitter configuration is outlined in this section:
Figure 1 – M2TE-S Connectors
5.1 M2TE-S Connectors
There are six connectors located on the M2TE-S unit as shown in Figure 1. They are for interfacing
the RF out, HD//SD-SDI Video or ASI in or SD Composite in (Two ports), ASI out, audio, Auxiliary
Data, KLV Data, LAN/IP and Control signals. The Local Control panel is also shown in Figure 1.
5.1.1 RF Output, Ant Port
The M2TE uses a female SMA connector for its ‘RF Output’ port. The antenna is normally
attached here. This port can also drive additional external amplifiers for high-power applications
like Aerial downlinks.
Note: Transmitters should not be powered on without a load attached to the RF
output. Doing so could damage the internal Power Amplifier (PA).
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5.1.2 ASI Out
A 75 Ohm female 1.0/2.3 3Gbps connector is provided for DVB-ASI Transport Stream Output.
The output bit rate is 270 Mbps.
Table 1 – Recommended 1.0/2.3 3G mating connector
Manufacturer Part Number
Cambridge
5.1.3 HD/SD-SDI IN/ASI IN/COMPOSITE
Both video input ports use a 75 Ohm female 1.0/2.3 3Gbps connector for SD-SDI or HD-SDI or
SD composite video input streams. The input bit rate is 270 Mbps for SD and 1.485 Gbps to 2.97
Gbps for HD. The Composite SD inputs can support either NTSC or PAL video formats.
In addition these input connectors can be used as an input for ASI DVB compliant Transport
Streams. See section 7, software overview, for details on the Input Modes. This section explains
how to switch from SDI IN to ASI IN using the Cobham M2TE Web Configurator.
Table 2 – Recommended 1.0/2.3 3G mating connector
Manufacturer Part Number
Cambridge
XGT-8000-NGAF
XGT-8000-NGAF
5.1.4 DC IN
The M2TE accepts +9-+32V DC on a 4 position LEMO connector. Pins 1 & 2 connect to +VDC
and Pins 3 & 4 connect to GND.
Manufacturer Part Number
LEMO
ODU S10LON-P04MFG0-5200
5.1.5 I/O – CONTROL
The ‘I/O - CONTROL’ connector is a male, high-density VHDCI-68. It is used to provide the
interface for audio, Mic Bias, Auxiliary data, KLV data, RS-232, LAN/IP control & streaming, I/O
interface.
Normally, the M2TE is controlled via the LAN/IP interface via an internally launched WEB
interface. However, it also has two separate RS232 channels/interfaces that can be used one at
a time for control and monitoring the unit. These same interfaces can be used to send
asynchronous low-Rate DATA along with the audio and video.
Table 3 – Recommended DC IN mating connector
FGG.0B.304.NLAS2
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Table 4 – Recommended VHDCI mating connector with Cable
Manufacturer Part Number
MOLEX
79918-0080
Table 5 – I/O - Control VHDCI-68 Connector Pin Out
Pin Signal Notes
1 GND Digital GND
35 GND Digital GND
2 RS232 Data RX1 RS232 Port 1
36 RS232 Data TX1 RS232 Port 1
3 RS232 Data RX2 RS232 Port 2
37 RS232 Data TX2 RS232 Port 2
4 GND Digital GND
38 GND Digital GND
5 AUDIO 1 DIFF P Positive AUDIO input 1
39 AUDIO 1 DIFF N Negative AUDIO input 1
6 AUDIO 1 BIAS Microphone 1 Bias Voltage (+1.5 volts)
40 AUDIO 2 BIAS Microphone 2 Bias Voltage (+1.5 volts)
7 Factory only use – leave this pin open
41 Factory only use – leave this pin open
8 AUDIO GND GND for Audio Signals
42 AUDIO GND GND for Audio Signals
9 Factory only use – leave this pin open
43 Factory only use – leave this pin open
10 AUDIO 3 BIAS Microphone 3 Bias Voltage (+1.5 volts)
44 AUDIO 4 BIAS Microphone 4 Bias Voltage (+1.5 volts)
11 AUDIO 2 DIFF P Positive AUDIO input 2
45 AUDIO 2 DIFF N Negative AUDIO input 2
12 AUDIO GND GND for Audio Signals
46 AUDIO GND GND for Audio Signals
13 GND Digital GND
47 GND Digital GND
14 IO BRD ID0 Reserved for special applications
48 IO BRD ID1 Reserved for special applications
15 DSP GPIO1 Reserved for special applications
49 DSP GPIO0 Reserved for special applications
16 DSP GPIO2 Reserved for special applications
50 DSP GPIO3 Reserved for special applications
17 GND Digital GND
51 GND Digital GND
18 RS422-A P Port A – For KLV Meta data and other serial data
52 RS422-A N Port A – For KLV Meta data and other serial data
19 RS422-B P Port B – For KLV Meta data and other serial data
53 RS422-B N Port B – For KLV Meta data and other serial data
20 RS422-C P Port C – For KLV Meta data and other serial data
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Pin Signal Notes
54 RS422-C N Port C – For KLV Meta data and other serial data
21 GND Digital GND
55 GND Digital GND
22 3.3v I/O Reserved
56 3.3v I/O Reserved
23 3.3v I/O Reserved
57 3.3v I/O Reserved
24 FPGA GPIO3 Video1 and video 2 reference clock test point. Selectable
58 FPGA GPIO2 GPS one Pulse Per Second (1PPS), 3.3v standard input.
25 FPGA GPIO1 Reserved for special applications
59 FPGA GPIO0 Reserved for special applications
26 USB D P Part of USB interface
60 USB D N Part of USB interface
27 USB VBUS Part of USB interface
61 PA EN External PA Control (+3V TTL ON)
28
62 SPARE 1 Reserved for special applications
29 GND Digital GND
63 +3.3V
30 ENET LTC LED Part of LAN I/P interface
64 ENET LTA LED Part of LAN I/P interface
31 ENET RTC LED Part of LAN I/P interface
65 ENET RTA LED Part of LAN I/P interface
32 CHASSIS GND Safety Ground connected to housing
66 CHASSIS GND Safety Ground connected to housing
33 ENET RD P Part of LAN I/P interface
67 ENET RD N Part of LAN I/P interface
34 ENET TD P Part of LAN I/P interface
68 ENET TD N Part of LAN I/P interface
SPARE 0 Reserved for special applications
5.2 Analog Audio Input Configurations
The M2TE has two analog audio circuits. Each circuit is dedicated to one “Program” and has separate
configurations/settings for Line and Mic levels. Remember that each of the two video inputs are
processed and distributed as separate Programs in the M2TE’s Transport Stream. These ports support
a single differential (MONO) input or dual (STEREO) Line-Level inputs. Only one set of inputs will be
active at a time per Program.
Table 6 below defines the wiring for all the different possibilities along with the location of Mic Bias
connections.
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Table 6 - Audio Configurations
Program #1 Audio
Program #2 Audio
Audio Configuration
Balanced high input
impedance (100K)
Single ended high input
impedance (100K)
Mic Bias (1.5 VDC)
(reference table 5 above)
Pin 5 ( + input)
Pin 39 (- input)
Pin 42 (AUDIO GND)
Line 1: Pin 5, AUD GND Pin 8
Line 2: Pin 39, AUD GND Pin 42
#1 Pin 6
#2 Pin 40
(reference table 5 above)
Pin 11 ( + input)
Pin 39 (- input)
Pin 46 (AUDIO GND)
Line 3: Pin 11, AUD GND Pin 12
Line 4: Pin 39, AUD GND Pin 46
#3 Pin 10
#4 Pin 44
Note: If 600 Ohm input impedance is required add a parallel 600 Ohm resistor to the external cable
assembly.
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6. Local Control Panel Operation
Note: The active settings are maintained in a separate non-volatile memory area; separate from the 20
Configuration Groups we call Group 0. This was done to enable the M2TE’s ability to power-up in the same
configuration that was in-play prior to the shut-down of the unit, when the Group 0 settings have NOT been
saved into 1 of the 20 Configuration Groups. Changes can be made either from the Front-Panel or from the
LAN GUI (via a LOAD command) that will only affect Group 0.
WARNING: Before attempting to make any group changes (or switching to a different group) to the
transmitter from the front Local Control Panel ensure the unit has correct video input(s) per the current
configuration attached, the unit is fully initialized and there are no video errors indicated by the Status
Error LED indicator on the front panel.
In addition any changes implemented from the front panel once the ENTR key has been pushed are
saved into the current active group (see discussion on Groups in section 7).
6.1 Local Control Panel Introduction
The M2TE can be controlled locally by a user interface panel integral to the transmitter. This
interface shows some status and control settings of the transmitter and allows some limited changes
to its operation. M2TE has preset configuration groups where you can program various common
settings from a computer then simply change the groups as desired.
There are three operational modes; Status, Configuration and Locked modes. Default Operating
Mode (Status Mode) is the main mode that the local control panel is in when not being actively used.
The Configuration Mode is when the user is using the control panel to view current settings (and
values) or is using it to change various settings. The administrator has the ability to control access to
the various modes of the local control panel, so they cannot be changed by the end user. In Locked
mode, the user has access to additional information than in the Default Operating Mode but is not
allowed to modify this information.
This section of the manual describes the control panel’s operating modes, how to read and change its
settings.
6.2 Local Control Panel Physical layout
The control panel has 4 main sections:
5 “MODES” LEDs,
6 “STATUS” LEDs,
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20 Numbered LEDs,
6 key pads (MODE, ENTR, 4 ARROW KEYS) for the user interface.
See Figure 2 - M2TE control panel. Each of the main sections is further explained below.
Figure 2 - M2TE control panel
6.3 Power-up Sequence
When the M2TE is first powered on, the local control panel LED is displayed in the following manner.
It will give you an indication that all systems are up and operating normally. Each new set of lights
indicate a different system check is completed. Full power up initialization should only take
approximately 15 seconds.
1) Step 1 – The red ERROR LED starts blinking immediately when power is first applied to the
M2TE. It keeps on blinking during the first part of the initialization process and then follows
the column LEDs ON and OFF initialization (see step 2 below) until full initialization of the
unit. It turns OFF if all systems are good to go (and doesn’t find any faults). If it remains ON
after full power up (after step 3 below) then this is an indication to the user of a fault
condition. The Status page in the LAN GUI is the easiest ways to find out what the fault
condition may be. Reference section 7.6
2) Step 2 -- A column at a time lights up then turns OFF. Starting with all “STATUS” LEDs, all
“MODE” LEDs, Numbered LEDs 1-5, 6-10, 11-15 and finally 16-20. Lastly all columns of LEDS
light at the same time and then go out.
3) The CFG GRPS LED turns on and the M2TE’s current configuration group LED lights up. Any
other STATUS LED turns on as it would in normal operation mode.
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6.4 Numbered LEDs
The Numbered LED section, pictured in Figure 3 - Numbered LEDs, is used to display various
information associated for each MODE LED. Figure 4 - Alphanumeric Characters Displayed on
Numbered LED’s shows Alphanumerical and characters that are displayed. The default setting for the
numbered LEDs is the active configuration group. All Numbered LEDs are green.
Figure 3 - Numbered LEDs
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Figure 4 - Alphanumeric Characters Displayed on Numbered LED’s
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6.5 Key Pads
The 6 push button key pads, “MODE”, up”↑”, down“↓”, left”←”, right “→” and Enter “ENTR“, help the
operator change the settings and view the status of the M2TE transmission.
Figure 5 - Key Pads
6.5.1 “MODE” Key Pad
Each push of the MODE key cycles from the current mode sequentially to the next mode and in
doing so displays in the Numbered LEDs section the current settings/values for the current mode.
Pressing the MODE key after the REPORT LED is selected puts the control panel into Default
Operating Mode (Status Mode).
6.5.2 Arrow Key Pads “↑↓←→”
The arrow key pads are used to move around in the Numbered LEDs section to be able to select new
settings/values for each of the MODEs when that particular MODE has been selected, indicated by
the blinking MODE LED.
NOTE: Go to Modes section for a better description of their uses.
6.5.3 Enter Key Pad “ENTR“
Pressing the ENTR key pad implements and saves any settings/value changes. If the ENTR key is not
pressed then changes do not take place and the M2TE continues to operate without any disruptions.
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6.6 Modes
When the MODE key is pushed one of the MODES LED lights and starts to blink indicating which
“MODES” is active, see Figure 6 - MODES LEDs. This means the Numbered LEDs (1-20) to the right
now only represent the current value/setting of the active MODE. While the MODE is active (MODE
LED is blinking) the user can change the values/settings assuming it is a read/write MODE. Some
MODES such as the REPORT are read only MODES. As stated previously new settings/values are not
change until the ENTR key is pressed. Also some MODES may be skipped over as the MODE key is
pressed because it is not currently available. This could be because in the LAN GUI the feature was
turned OFF. For more information on how to set each MODE, see that MODES description below.
The local control panel times out if there is no keypad activity for several seconds. Unless otherwise
programmed, the mode CFG GRPs LED turns solid, indicating the front panel is in Default Operating
Mode; the Numbered LEDs display the current configuration group.
Figure 6 - MODES LEDs
6.6.1 Configuration Groups (CFG GRPS LED) Operation
6.6.1.1 Checking the RF Frequency of the Current Configuration Group
1) Press the MODE key until the “CFG GRPS” LED is blinking. The current configuration group
selection is displayed in the Numbered LEDs section.
2) Press no other keys for 1 second; the current configuration group’s RF frequency
(XXXX.XXMHz) scrolls across the Number LEDS one character at a time.
3) Press the Enter “ENTR” key to put the control panel into Default Operating Mode.
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NOTE: New settings/values are never changed until the ENTR key is pressed. If the current
setting is re-selected, if the panel times out, or if the Mode key is pressed then the M2TE keeps
the previous setting/value without any disturbance to the M2TE operation.
6.6.1.2 Changing Configuration Groups
1) Press the MODE key until the CFG GRPS LED is blinking. The current configuration group
selection is displayed in the Numbered LED section.
2) Use the up, down, left, and right keys, “↑↓←→” to highlight a new value (a new configuration
group 1-20). If no key is pushed for 1 second, the current highlighted selection will have its
RF frequency scroll across the Numbered LEDS in the following manner, XXXX.XXMHz.
3) To view another configuration group’s RF frequency press the arrow keys at any time,
highlight the desired configuration group LED then wait 1 second for the frequency to
display.
4) Press the ENTR key to make the current highlighted preset configuration groups active. This
sets the M2TE to the new value and puts the control panel into Default Operating Mode.
6.6.2 RF LEVEL (Green LED)
1) Press the MODE key until the RF LEVEL LED is blinking. The current RF power setting (1 to 4) is
displayed in the Numbered LED section.
2) Use the up and right keys, “↑→”, to increase the value. Use the down and left keys, “↓←”, to
decrease the value. A zero (0) value indicates RF is OFF. RF values and the corresponding
numerical indicators (1, 2, 3 or 4) are set using the LAN GUI.
3) Press the ENTR key to enable the current power level selection.
6.6.3 Analog AUDIO (Green LED)
NOTE: If the Audio MODE LED is skipped then analog audio has either been disabled or it’s been
configured for embedded audio. If audio is needed then change the configuration group to one that has
analog audio enabled. Embedded audio cannot be addressed from the front control panel, only through
the LAN GUI WEB interface.
1) Press the MODE key until the AUDIO LED is blinking. Two LEDs in the Numbered LEDS section
light for a brief time, either 1&2 or 3&4 indicating the current active audio channel; the volume
level value associated with the active audio channel is displayed next in the Numbered LEDs
section.
2) Use the up and down keys, “↑↓”, to increase/decrease the audio volume. Zero (0) value indicates
volume is at lowest power and nine (9) is at maximum.
3) Press the ENTR key to accept the new value.
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Note: If only one audio channel is active and the other is OFF then only the volume
adjustment for the active channel can be made. If both audio channels are active then
continue with step 4 below to switch to the other audio channel.
4) Use the left and right keys, “→ ←”, to change between the different active audio channels which
are displayed in the Numbered LEDs section ( 1&2, or 3&4), depending upon the group
configuration).
5) Use the up and down keys, “↑↓”, to increase/decrease the audio volume. Zero (0) value indicates
volume is at lowest power and nine (9) is at maximum.
6) Press the ENTR key to accept the new value.
NOTE: Settings will not change until the ENTR key is pressed. If the current setting is re-
selected, if the panel times out, or if the mode key is pressed then the M2TE will keep to the old
setting without any disturbance to the M2TE operation.
6.6.4 ENCRYPTION (THE “KEY” Green LED)
NOTE: There are a few guidelines associated with encryption which the user needs to be
aware of to have a better understanding of how the encryption MODE “ “LED works:
A. Encryption is a purchased option. If it hasn’t been purchased then in the LAN GUI under the
“Encrypt” tab in the Configuration Groups/ Setup menu the encryption mode & key buttons
are grayed out. If this is the case then the encryption MODE ” “ key LED is skipped
over when pressing the “MODE” button.
B. Encryption must be set to either “AES/128” or “AES/256”(this is a generic term, AES
encryption modes will vary depending on which AES options have been purchased; the
modes are listed under the “Encrypt” tab in the Configuration Groups/Setup menu) using
the LAN GUI interface. Once the AES ENCRYPTION MODE has been activated from the LAN
GUI the STATUS encryption “ ” key (yellow LED) on the front panel lights. The
encryption keys (up to 5 keys) should also be pre-set using the LAN GUI.
C. If the encryption MODE key “ ” LED lights the user is then able to change to a pre-
defined key, up to 5 different keys using the control panel arrow keys (↑↓→ ←). In addition
the user is also able to turn the current AES mode to OFF by selecting the zero (0) value using
the control panel arrow keys (↑↓→ ←). Or if the current mode is OFF the user can turn it back
ON by selecting one of the 5 pre-defined keys. Keep in mind the functions described here in
step C depend on step B above to be true.
With an understanding A, B & C above the following is the basic operation of the Encryption MODE
using the front control panel:
1) Press the MODE key until the KEY “ ” LED is blinking. The value which appears in the
Numbered LEDs section indicates the current encryption key or if a zero (0) value the current
encryption mode is OFF (in which case the STATUS LED “ ” is also OFF).
2) Use the arrow keys, “→ ←↑↓” to select a different encryption key (1 through 5). The STATUS LED
next to the key” ” turns ON if a value other than zero (0) is selected. If zero (0) value is
selected then the STATUS LED turns OFF.
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