Cobalt Digital Inc RaQ 3 User Manual

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Cobalt RaQ

User Manual

Page 2

Part Number: 070-00184-03

Date: 06-2000

Cobalt Networks and Cobalt RaQ are trademarks of Cobalt Networks, Inc.

The RSA software and the RSA logo are trademarks of RSA Data Security Inc.

All other company, brand and product names may be registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective companies and are hereby recognized.

This publication and the information herein is furnished AS IS, subject to change without notice, and should not be construed as a commitment by Cobalt Networks, Inc. Furthermore, Cobalt Networks, Inc., assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies, makes no warranty of any kind (express, implied or statutory) with respect to this publication, and expressly disclaims any and all warranties of merchantability, ﬁtness for particular purposes and noninfringement of third-party right.

The majority of the software used within the Cobalt RaQ can be freely distributed under the terms of the BSD copyright and the GNU Public License. However, some applications remain the property of their owners, and require their permission to redistribute. For a complete listing of the software used within the Cobalt RaQ, and the terms under which it can be distributed, refer to the Cobalt Web site at http://www.cobalt.com/ .

The Cobalt RaQ 3 includes software developed by the Apache Group for use in the Apache HTTP server project (http://www.apache.org/).

The Cobalt RaQ 3 also includes Majordomo, a package for managing Internet mailing lists. The latest version of Majordomo can be obtained from ftp://ftp.greatcircle.com/pub/majordomo/ .

Sendmail is a trademark of Sendmail, Inc.

Cobalt Networks, Inc. 555 Ellis Street Mountain View, CA 94043 www.cobalt.com

In the U.S.A.:

Phone (888) 70-COBALT

(650) 623-2500

Fax (650) 623-2501

Outside the U.S.A.:

Phone (650) 623-2500 Fax +1 (650) 623-2501

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Important Safeguards

For your protection, please read all these instructions regarding your Cobalt RaQ 3 and retain for future reference.

1. Read Instructions

Read and understand all the safety and operating instructions before operating the appliance.

2. Ventilation

The Cobalt RaQ 3’s vents (on the front) and the fan opening(s) (on the back panel) are provided for ventilation and reliable operation of the product and to protect it from overheating. These openings must not be blocked or covered. This product should not be placed in a built-in installation unless proper ventilation is provided.

3. Lithium Battery

The lithium battery on the system board provides power for the real-time clock and CMOS RAM. The battery has an estimated useful life expectancy of 5 to 10 years. If your system no longer keeps accurate time and date settings, it may be time to change the battery. Contact Cobalt for service information. There are no operator serviceable parts inside.

English

Warning:

replaced or replaced with the wrong type of battery. Replace only with the same or equivalent type recommended by the equipment manufacturer. Dispose of used batteries according to manufacturer’s instructions.

There is a danger of explosion if the battery is incorrectly

Français

Attention:

la pile. Remplacer uniquement avec une pile du même type ou d’un type équivalent recommandé par le fabricant. Mettre au rebut les piles usagées conformément aux instructions du fabricant.

Il y a danger d’explosion s’il y a remplacement incorrect de

Deutsch

Achtung:

eingesetzt wird. Nur mit einem gleichen oder ähnlichen, vom Hersteller empfohlenen Typ, ersetzen. Verbrauchte Batterien müssen per den Instructionen des Herstellers verwertet werden.

Explosionsgefahr wenn die Battery in umgekehrter Polarität

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4. Power Cord

English

Caution:

device. Ensure that the socket outlet is located or installed near the equipment and is easily accessible.

The power-supply cord is used as the main disconnect

Français

Attention:

prise de courant doit être située or installée à proximité du matérial et offrir un accès facile.

Le cordon d’alimentation sert d’interrupteur général. La

Deutsch

Achtung:

Netzstecker zu ziehen. Vergewissern Sie sich, daß die Steckdose leicht zugänglich ist.

5. Electrical Shock

To reduce the risk of electrical shock, do not disassemble this product. Take it to a qualiﬁed service person when service or repair work is required. Opening or removing covers may expose you to dangerous voltage or other risks. Incorrect reassembly can cause electric shock when this product is subsequently used.

6. Operating the unit in an equipment rack

If you plan to install the Cobalt RaQ 3 in an equipment rack, take the following precautions:

(a) Ensure the ambient temperature around the Cobalt RaQ 3 (which may be higher than the room temperature) is within the limits speciﬁed in Appendix B. See “Physical data” on page 141.

(b) Ensure there is sufﬁcient air ﬂow around the unit.

(c) Ensure electrical circuits are not overloaded; consider the nameplate ratings of all the connected equipment and ensure you have overcurrent protection.

(d) Ensure the equipment is properly grounded, particularly any equipment connected to a power strip.

(e) Do not place any objects on top of the Cobalt RaQ 3.

Zur sicheren Trennung des Gerätes vom Netz ist der

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7. Browsers

Both Netscape Navigator® and Microsoft® Internet Explorer have bugs that can cause intermittent, unexplained failures. When using a Web browser to interact with your Cobalt RaQ 3, you may occasionally experience a browser failure. Released product versions of the browsers are usually more reliable than beta versions, and later versions typically work the most reliably. A browser program failure, although annoying, does not adversely affect your Cobalt RaQ 3’s data. The Cobalt RaQ 3 has been tested with both Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer, versions 4 or higher.

Regulations and Information

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Re-orient or re-locate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

In order to maintain compliance with FCC regulations, shielded cables must be used with this equipment. Operation with non-approved equipment or unshielded cables is likely to result in interference to radio and TV reception. The user is cautioned that changes and modiﬁcations made to the equipment without the approval of manufacturer can void the user’s authority to operate this equipment.

This equipment is in compliance with Underwriters Laboratories (UL) and is UL listed.

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Important Safeguards iii

1 Introduction 1

General 2

Front view of the RaQ 3 3

Rear view of the RaQ 3 4

RaQ 3 requirements 5

Target audience for the RaQ 3 5

Cobalt Developer Network 5

Organization of the user manual 7

List of chapters and appendices 10

Icons used on the UI and in the manual 10

Customer Service and Technical Support 13

General Cobalt information 13

Cobalt Technical Support and Service 13

Further information 14

Before contacting Cobalt Networks Technical Support 15

To speed up your support call 15

Support tools feature 16

Cobalt logo badge 16

2 Setting up the RaQ 3 17

Phase 1: Making the connection 17

Installing the RaQ 3 17

Connecting to the network 19

Connecting the power cord 19

Powering on the RaQ 3 19

Configuring the RaQ 3 for the network 20

Using the LCD console to configure the network 20

Setting the configuration 21

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Contents

Phase 2: Setting up with the Web browser 22

Configuring the RaQ 3 with the Setup Wizard 23

Entering the network settings 24

Entering the administrator settings 25

Entering the service settings 26

Entering the time settings 27

Completing configuration with the Setup Wizard 27

Registering the RaQ 3 online 27

Registering online at a later time 29

Registering the RaQ 3 30

3 RaQ 3 Server Management 31

Approaches to RaQ 3 administration 33

Definition of a virtual site 34

Site management 35

Search and sort functions 36

Overview of virtual sites 38

Output bandwidth management 40

Setting defaults for a virtual site 41

Adding a virtual site 43

Adding a name-based virtual site 44

Removing a virtual site 44

RaQ 3 Administrator 45

Changing the RaQ 3 Administrator password 46

Resetting the RaQ 3 Administrator password 46

Control panel 47

Services 47

Web server 48

Email server 48

Email relaying 51

File transfer protocol (FTP) server 52

Telnet server 53

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent 53

Legato file backup 54

Arkeia file backup 54

Domain Name System (DNS) server 55

Network 56

Time 58

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Contents

Maintenance 58

Backup 58

Manual backup 59

Scheduled backup 61

Backup file locations 62

Restore 63

Install software 66

Third-party software 67

Add-on storage support 68

Suspend a virtual site 69

Hard suspension 69

Reboot 70

Shutdown 70

Support tools 71

Site Usage 72

System Status 74

System components 75

Central processing unit (CPU) 75

Memory 75

Disk 75

Network 75

Services 76

Web server 76

Email 76

File transfer protocol (FTP) 76

Telnet 76

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) 76

Domain Name System 76

Active Monitor 77

4 Site Management 79

User management 81

Setting defaults for a site user 81

Adding a site user 83

Search and sort functions 84

Removing a site user 86

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Contents

Entering user email settings and aliases 86

Mail Forwarding and Vacation Reply 86

Email aliases 86

Changing user settings 88

Modify settings for a site user 88

Modify email options for a site user 89

Remove a site user 89

Mailing list management 90

Adding a mailing list 91

Modifying a mailing list 92

Removing a mailing list 93

Site settings 93

Changing site settings 94

Suspend a virtual site 96

Soft suspension 96

Suspend a site user 96

FTP settings 97

SSL settings 98

Obtain an externally signed SSL certificate 100

Enable SSL on a virtual site 100

Generate a self-signed certificate 102

SSL certificate for the main site 105

Enable the administration server for SSL 105

Submit the information to an external

certification authority 106

Receive the response from the external

certification authority 106

Enter the information from the external

certification authority 106

Delete an SSL certificate 107

Site Usage 108

Backup 109

Manual backup 110

Scheduled backup 111

Backup file locations 113

Restore 114

Server management 115

Publishing Web pages 115

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Contents

5 Using Services on a Site 117

Managing Your Personal Profile 117

Modify site user 118

Email 118

Forward email to 119

Vacation reply 120

Usage data 120

Backup 121

Restore 122

Using email on the RaQ 3 123

Developing Web pages 124

CGI scripts 124

Publishing Web pages using FTP 125

Publishing Web pages with FrontPage 126

Using telnet 127

6 New Features on the RaQ 3 129

Add-on storage support 129

Disaster recovery 129

Output bandwidth management 129

Search and sort 129

Virtual sites 130

Site users 130

Secure administration (SSL) 130

Site Usage 130

Support for uninterruptible power supply (UPS) 131

Support tools 131

Suspend a virtual site 132

Suspend a site user 132

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Contents

A Using the LCD Console 133

Changing network configuration 134

Configuring an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) 135

Rebooting 137

Powering down 138

B Product Specifications 139

Technical data for the RaQ 3 139

Hardware 139

Software 139

Features 139

System management 140

Partner solutions 141

Physical data 141

Regulatory approvals 141

Upgrading your RaQ 3 142

Opening the RaQ 3 142

Adding a memory module or PCI card 143

Printed circuit board 144

C Advanced Information 145

Serial console port 145

Development tools 145

Configuration files 146

Directory structure 147

RaQ 3 home page 147

Virtual site home page 147

Site user home page 148

Common gateway interface (CGI) usage for users 148

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Contents

D Domain Name System 149

Basic DNS 149

Enabling the DNS server feature 150

Configuring a primary DNS server 150

Specifying a reverse lookup (PTR) record 151

Specifying a mail server (MX) record 152

Specifying an alias (CNAME) record 152

Configuring a secondary DNS server 153

Advanced DNS 154

Network Mask Notation Conversion 154

Delegating a subdomain 155

Delegating a subnet 156

Configuring server settings 156

Start of Authority (SOA) configuration 157

Name server (NS) 158

Domain administrator email address 158

Refresh interval 158

Retry interval 158

Expire interval 158

Time-to-live period (TTL) 158

Quick Start Guide for Domain Name Service (DNS) 159

Brief history of the Domain Name System (DNS) 164

What is a DNS record? 165

Who manages your DNS records? 165

How does DNS work? 165

E Licenses 167

F Glossary 173

G Index 183

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Contents

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Chapter 1

Introduction

The Cobalt RaQTM 3 is a third-generation server appliance that provides a dedicated web-hosting platform and offers new capabilities for high-trafﬁc, complex web sites and e-commerce applications.

The RaQ 3 server appliance offers a full suite of Internet services with remote administration capabilities, pre-packaged in a single rack-unit (1RU) industry-standard enclosure. The RaQ 3 is pre-conﬁgured with Apache web server, Sendmail, File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server, Domain Name System (DNS), the Linux operating system and FrontPage Server extensions. The RaQ 3 further enhances the service suite by offering bandwidth management, pre-packaged Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), enhanced backup support and comprehensive site usage reporting.

The RaQ 3 provides tight integration with partner products. The RaQ 3 also offers several hardware enhancements over its predecessor: a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) expansion slot (RaQ 3i conﬁguration only), support for an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), a faster Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) (RaQ 3i conﬁguration only), a faster central processing unit (CPU) and room for extra RAM.

There are two sets of hardware conﬁgurations available: the RaQ 3i and the RaQ 3:

• The RaQ 3i has two 10/100 BaseT network connectors, one PCI

expansion slot and one SCSI connector.

• The RaQ 3 has one 10/100 BaseT network connector, no PCI

expansion slot and no SCSI connector.

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Chapter 1

The RaQ 3 provides a complete solution for virtual site hosting, Web publishing, ﬁle transfer, email and third-party applications:

• Access to a broad range of Web and ﬁle transfer protocol (FTP)

• Support for multiple Internet or intranet sites. You can host one or

• Internal and external communication through email to individuals

• Flexible platform for the development of solutions, including the

All of these services can be used within an extranet or an intranet environment, or across the Internet.

General

publishing capabilities. The RaQ 3 supports the common gateway interface (CGI) using Perl scripting (or the language of your choice) for creating interactive applications on the Web.

several distinct sites for separate clients or projects. The RaQ 3 provides comprehensive support for the three most popular Internet services — Web, FTP and email.

and groups. In addition to standard individual email, the RaQ 3 email services include automatic response to messages when a user is on vacation and automatic forwarding to another email address.

development of third-party applications.

Figure 1 and Figure 2 show all the RaQ 3 controls, indicators and connectors.

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Front view of the RaQ 3

Figure 1 RaQ 3 front view

Introduction

1. The

Status Indicators

Tx/Rx

signal Ethernet and hard drive activity:

(Transmit/Receive) blinks when there is network trafﬁc

on the primary interface.

Link

indicates an active network connection on the primary

interface.

Col

blinks when a collision is detected on the primary

interface.

100 M

indicates that 100 BaseT ethernet is being used on the

primary interface.

Disk

indicates activity on the hard disk drive.

2. The

3. The

4. The

Web

indicator blinks to indicate Web activity.

Logo Badge

LCD screen

glows when the RaQ 3 is powered on.

displays messages and values entered. Use the arrow buttons to toggle between choices or to enter values. (See “Using the LCD console to conﬁgure the network” on page 20.)

5. You can use the recessed

Reset Password

button if you forget the RaQ 3 Administrator password. (See “Resetting the RaQ 3 Administrator password” on page 46.)

6. The

LCD arrow buttons

allow you to enter network conﬁguration information, conﬁgure a UPS unit, reboot the RaQ 3 and power down the RaQ 3.

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Chapter 1

Rear view of the RaQ 3

Figure 2 RaQ 3 rear view

Cobalt Networks

and trademarks of Cobalt Networks, Inc. www.cobalt.com P/N 550-00135-01

Cobalt RaQ

are

1. The

2. The

3. The

4. The

5. The

6. The

7. The

Link

Tx/Rx

Link

Security lock hole

Cooling fans

Tx/Rx

11 12 13

is used to lock the unit to a secure location.

maintain proper operating temperature. Ensure

100 - 240 VAC 50/60 Hz

1.4 A 60W max

that the ventilation holes are not blocked.

USB port

SCSI connector

provides a Universal Serial Bus connection

enables a Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) connection for connecting such devices as hard drives. The SCSI connector is available on the RaQ 3i conﬁguration only.

Network status indicators/OK to Power Off

signal network activity and information. The OK to Power Off light ﬂashes when it is safe to turn the power off.

Serial console port

Serial connector

allows you to connect serial devices.

allows you to connect a UPS to the serial port

for Smart UPS support.

8. The

PCI expansion slot

provides space for adding a PCI card; the

expansion slot is available on the RaQ 3i conﬁguration only.

9. The

Network connectors

enable Ethernet network connections and

accept the 10/100 BaseT network cables.

Network connection 2

10.

Network connection 1

11.

Cooling fan

12. The

13. The

Power switch

Power socket

(RaQ 3i conﬁguration only)

toggles the power on or off.

receives the AC cord that is provided.

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RaQ 3 requirements

To use the RaQ 3, you need:

• A 10BaseT, 10/100BaseTX or 100BaseTX Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) -based local area network (LAN).

• A personal computer (attached to the network) that uses a Web browser (Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer, versions 4.0 or later). To manage the RaQ 3 from the user interface (UI), your browser must have Java and Javascript enabled.

• Network parameters, which you can obtain from your system or network administrator; these include the RaQ 3’s assigned IP address, the subnet mask of your network and a gateway/router address (if communicating with other networks).

Target audience for the RaQ 3

The user manual is for RaQ 3 Administrators who use the RaQ 3 to develop and host Web sites. RaQ 3 Administrators should be familiar with Microsoft® WindowsTM, Macintosh® or other operating systems, and Netscape Navigator®, Microsoft® Internet Explorer or other Web browsers.

Introduction

Cobalt Developer Network

Cobalt provides a wide range of resources, such as technical notes and white papers, for developers of Linux applications for Cobalt platforms. Premium resources are also available.

To register with the Cobalt Developer Network at no cost, visit the Web site at http://developer.cobalt.com/ .

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Chapter 1

A RaQ 3 can host multiple Internet or intranet sites, which can provide Web content, email and FTP services. It can be used by three different kinds of users:

• The RaQ 3 Administrator is the person who controls and runs the RaQ 3. This person sets up and maintains the RaQ 3, sets up virtual sites, and sets access privileges and provides services for the Site Administrators and site users. The RaQ 3 Administrator can also act as the Site Administrator for any virtual site.

Note:

Whereas industry uses the term “virtual host”, Cobalt Networks uses the term “virtual site”. In Cobalt’s deﬁnition, a virtual site consists of a Domain Name System (DNS) domain with Web, FTP and email services. Each virtual site contains its own list of site user accounts. Each site user account has its own Web, email spool and any number of email aliases. The fully qualiﬁed domain name of a virtual site is unique to that site, while its IP address can be shared by many sites. For more information, see “Deﬁnition of a virtual site” on page 34.

• The Site Administrator manages a virtual site, located on the RaQ 3, that can provide Web publishing, email and FTP services for the users of the site. The Site Administrator sets up user accounts and access privileges, maintains mailing lists, controls the settings for the virtual site and its FTP service, has access to users’ email settings, can generate reports about the virtual site’s disk and Web usage, and can back up and restore ﬁles residing on the site.

• Site users can send and receive email through the site, upload and download ﬁles using the FTP service provided by the site, publish their own personal Web page on the site, and back up and restore their home directories.

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Organization of the user manual

The user manual is organized according to the user interface (UI). Chapter 3, “RaQ 3 Server Management‚” is based on the

Management

See Figure 3.

screen with the brown border on the left side.

Introduction

Server

Chapter 4, “Site Management‚” is based on the screen with the green border on the left side. See Figure 4.

Chapter 5, “Using Services on a Site‚” is based on the screen with the blue border on the left side. See Figure 5.

Figure 3 Server Management screen

Site Management

Personal Proﬁle

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Chapter 1

Figure 4 Site Management screen

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Figure 5 Personal Proﬁle screen

Introduction

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Chapter 1

List of chapters and appendices

The manual has the following chapters and appendices.

Chapter 1 “Introduction” on page 1 summarizes the

RaQ 3 functions.

Chapter 2 “Setting up the RaQ 3” on page 17 explains

RaQ 3 hardware setup and the network integration information.

Chapter 3 “RaQ 3 Server Management” on page 31 discusses

RaQ 3 Management functions.

Chapter 4 “Site Management” on page 79 explains Site

Management functions for virtual sites.

Chapter 5 “Using Services on a Site” on page 117 shows how to

use the RaQ 3 services (email, Web publishing and FTP) and how to manage your personal directory.

Chapter 6 “New Features on the RaQ 3” on page 129 explains

the new features on the RaQ 3 and where to fnd further information in the manual.

Appendix A “Using the LCD Console” on page 133 explains LCD

console functions.

Appendix B “Product Speciﬁcations” on page 139 lists the RaQ 3

technical speciﬁcations.

Appendix C “Advanced Information” on page 145 provides

information on development tools, conﬁguration ﬁles, and the directory structure of the RaQ 3 disk.

Appendix D “Domain Name System” on page 149 gives an

in-depth explanation of the DNS service.

Appendix E “Licenses” on page 167 lists licensing information.

Appendix F “Glossary” on page 173 provides a glossary of terms

used in the RaQ 3 manual.

Icons used on the UI and in the manual

Table 1 describes the icons used on the browser-based User Interface (UI) and in this manual. If you pass the mouse pointer over an icon, a short help message appears.

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Table 1 Icons used in the manual and UI

Icon Description

WebServer

Only in the Service Settings table of Control Panel on the Management Screen. WebServer is always on.

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

Only in the Service Settings table of Control Panel on the Management Screen.

Legato/Arkeia file backup

Only in the Service Settings table of Control Panel on the Management Screen.

Domain Name System (DNS)

Only in the Service Settings table of Control Panel on the Management Screen.

FrontPage Server extensions In the Virtual Sites List on the Server

Management screen; indicates that FrontPage

server extensions are enabled on the virtual site.

Introduction

Telnet In the Virtual Sites List on the Server

Management screen; indicates that telnet is

enabled on the virtual site.

Bandwidth limit In the Virtual Sites List on the Server

Management screen; indicates that a bandwidth

limit is enabled on the virtual site.

Secure POP3 (APOP) In the Virtual Sites List on the Server

Management screen; indicates that

Secure POP3 is enabled on the virtual site.

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) In the Virtual Sites List on the Server

Management screen; indicates that SSL is

enabled on the virtual site.

Anonymous file transfer protocol (FTP) In the Virtual Sites List on the Server

Management screen; indicates that Anonymous

FTP is enabled on the virtual site.

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Chapter 1

Icon Description

Modify In the Virtual Sites List on the Server

Management screen; used to modify the settings

for a virtual site.

Modify

In the Users List on the Site Management screen; used to modify the settings for a site user.

Delete In the Virtual Sites List on the Server

Management screen; used to delete a virtual site

from a RaQ 3. In the Users List on the Site Management

screen; used to delete a site user from a virtual site.

In the Users List on the Site Management screen; used to modify the email settings for a site user.

Site Administrator

In the Users List on the Site Management screen; indicates that the user is the Site Administrator for the virtual site.

Suspension In the Virtual Sites List on the Server

Management screen; indicates that a virtual site

has been suspended by the RaQ 3 Administrator. In the Users List on the Site Management

screen; indicates that a user has been suspended by the Site Administrator.

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Customer Service and Technical Support

For Cobalt product information, visit the support section of the Cobalt Web site at http://www.cobalt.com/support/. The site includes a Knowledge Base that customers can query; a list of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) that provide additional information is also available through the Knowledge Base.

General Cobalt information

In the U.S.A., call (888) 70-COBALT or (888) 702-6225, or send email to info@cobalt.com.

Outside the U.S.A., call +1 650 623-2500, or send email to info@cobalt.com.

In Europe, the Middle East and Africa, call +31 71 565 7000, or send email to info-emea@cobalt.com.

In Japan, send email to info-japan@cobalt.com.

Cobalt Technical Support and Service

In the U.S.A., call (888) 70-COBALT or (888) 702-6225, or send email to support@cobalt.com.

Introduction

Outside the U.S.A., call +1 650 623-2679, or send email to support@cobalt.com.

In Europe, the Middle East and Africa, call +31 71 565 7070, or send email to support-emea@cobalt.com.

In Japan, send email to support-japan@cobalt.com.

Page 28

Chapter 1

Further information

Cobalt also offers other information resources.

Discussion Groups Cobalt has made available a number of discussion groups through which users can share information.

To view the current list of Cobalt discussion groups, type the URL http://www.cobalt.com/support/resources/usergroups.html . The names of the discussion groups show up as hypertext links.

To subscribe to or unsubscribe from a discussion group, or to view previous postings to a group, click on the group name. A new browser window opens, displaying information about the discussion group.

New discussion groups are added periodically. The current groups include:

• an announcement list concerning Cobalt products

• an information list for developers working on Cobalt products

• a users list for sharing information between users of Cobalt products

• a security list for users to address network security issues on Cobalt products

The Knowledge Base Cobalt offers access to its online database of common installation and conﬁguration problems and solutions. You can access the site at http://www.cobalt.com/support/kb/ .

Online technical papers For customers looking for more in-depth technical information, there are a number of technical papers available on Cobalt Networks’ web site at http://www.cobalt.com/support/ . The technical papers cover, among others, such topics as:

• disaster recovery for a RaQ 3 system

• hardware and software information gestalt that tells you about hardware elements and software features.

• Java support for Java Run-time Environment version 1.2 from Sun Microsystems (ported to the x86 architecture by the Java-Linux Porting Team at http://www.blackdown.org/)

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Introduction

Education For those who desire a premium level of technical expertise with Cobalt Networks products, we offer a number of training courses. The intended audience includes end users, Cobalt resellers, system and network administrators, systems engineers, product developers, support technicians, consultants and trainers. You can access the site at http://www.cobalt.com/support/education/index.html/ .

Solutions For customers looking for business-case information concerning Cobalt products, there are also a number of white papers available on Cobalt’s Web site at http://www.cobalt.com/solutions/ .

Developers If you are a software or hardware developer, look for information at http://developer.cobalt.com/ .

Before contacting Cobalt Networks Technical Support

First, make an effort to resolve the problem on your own. Take note of all actions you perform and any error messages so that, if necessary, you can describe them to a member of the Technical Support team.

Refer to the user manual and to the Web-based resources such as Cobalt’s Knowledge Base, the online technical papers and the Solutions page, as described above.

To speed up your support call

When contacting Cobalt Networks Technical Support, the more information you can provide, the better. Before you call or email, have the following information ready.

• the serial number, located on the back panel, or the MAC address, accessible through the user interface, of your RaQ 3

• any additional software installed on your system

• any peripherals connected to your system

• a hard copy of any error messages you have received and the time when they occurred

• the process you were running or what changes you had made when the error occurred, so that Technical Support can try to reproduce the error

• the steps you have taken to resolve the problem

Page 30

Chapter 1

Support tools feature

The Support Tools feature is a Web page that assists Technical Support in diagnosing problems on a RaQ 3 unit.

On the Server Diagnostics screen, the RaQ 3 Administrator can create and download a data dump of the conﬁguration ﬁles on the RaQ 3. This data dump can then be emailed to diagnostics@cobalt.com. A member of the Technical Support team can evaluate the condition of your RaQ 3 before providing you with corrective action, either by telephone or email.

If the RaQ 3 Administrator is familiar with Linux, he or she can look through this ﬁle in an effort to determine the problem with the RaQ 3. The ﬁle is a standard gzip ﬁle.

For more information on the Support Tools feature, see “Support tools” on page 71.

Cobalt logo badge

For more information on the RaQ 3 server, click on the Cobalt Networks logo badge in the top left corner.

• the amount of RAM

• the size of the hard disk

• the version of the Cobalt OS

• Cobalt Networks trademark information

The table also contains four hypertext links:

• About The Product displays the services available on the RaQ 3 server, links to Cobalt Networks Technical Support and a link to the Solutions guide.

• Cobalt Networks, Inc. web site takes you to the URL http://www.cobalt.com.

• Credits and Acknowledgements acknowledges the software used on the RaQ 3.

• Diagnostic Information contains a form used generate and download a diagnostics ﬁle which can assist Cobalt Technical Support in diagnosing problems with a RaQ 3 server.

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Setting up the RaQ 3

This chapter guides you through the process of connecting and conﬁguring the RaQ 3 for your network. A typical setup process takes less than 15 minutes, after which you can begin setting up web sites and using other RaQ 3 services.

If the RaQ 3 has been previously conﬁgured for a different network, refer to “Changing network conﬁguration” in Appendix A.

The setup process consists of two phases.

• “Phase 1: Making the connection” covers the physical setup and connection of the RaQ 3 to a power source and the network.

• “Phase 2: Setting up with the Web browser” covers the network integration process and allows the administrator to select services and create users and groups, using any browser-enabled computer.

Phase 1: Making the connection

Chapter 2

Installing the RaQ 3

The RaQ 3 can either be placed on a ﬂat surface — for example, a desk, shelf or table top — or it can be connected to a standard 19-inch equipment rack.

Caution: If you operate the RaQ 3 in an equipment rack, see the precautions described in “6. Operating the unit in an equipment rack” on page iv.

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Chapter 2

If you plan to use the RaQ 3 on a ﬂat surface, attach the rubber feet to the ﬁve indentations in the bottom of the case; see Figure 6.

Figure 6 Rubber feet for the RaQ 3

Rubber feet

If you plan to operate the RaQ 3 in an equipment rack, ﬁrst connect the mounting ears to the sides of the RaQ 3 (see Figure 7), near either the front or the rear of the case. Attach the ears to the equipment rack.

Figure 7 Mounting ears for the RaQ 3

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Connecting to the network

Connect one end of a Category 5 Ethernet cable to the 10/100 Base-T Network 1 connector on the RaQ 3; see Figure 8. Connect the other end of the cable to an existing network socket.

Figure 8 Network connectors

Cobalt Networks

and

Cobalt RaQ

trademarks of Cobalt Networks, Inc. www.cobalt.com P/N 550-00135-01

are

Link

Tx/Rx

Link

Tx/Rx

Setting up the RaQ 3

100 - 240 VAC 50/60 Hz

1.4 A 60W max

Network connection 2

Network connection 1

(RaQ 3i configuration only)

Connecting the power cord

Connect the power supply cord to the RaQ 3 and to an electrical outlet (100-240 volts AC, 50/60 Hz, as listed in “Product Speciﬁcations” on page 139).

Powering on the RaQ 3

Turn on the power by pressing the On/Off switch on the back of the RaQ 3.

The hard disk spins up, the fan turns on, and the LCD screen lights up. The Cobalt logo and the Cobalt Networks name scroll across the screen.

A number of status messages are displayed on the LCD screen as the RaQ 3 completes its boot process.

Caution: It is important to follow the proper power-down procedure before turning off the RaQ 3. Refer to “Powering Down” in Appendix A.

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Chapter 2

Conﬁguring the RaQ 3 for the network

Now that you have made the network and power connections, you can conﬁgure the network settings.

The RaQ 3 requires speciﬁc network information to function properly. You must enter the necessary information using the LCD console on the front panel.

Before you proceed, make sure you have the following information:

• the IP address assigned to the RaQ 3

• the subnet mask of your network

• the gateway/router address (necessary only if communicating with other networks)

Using the LCD console to conﬁgure the network

Figure 9 shows the LCD console for the RaQ 3.

The LCD screen on the front of the RaQ 3 displays two lines of text. The top line of the LCD presents instructions on data to enter; the bottom line displays the data already entered. Use the arrow buttons to the right of the LCD screen to enter the required network information manually.

Appendix A, “Using the LCD Console” on page 133, provides more information about the LCD console.

Figure 9 LCD console

LCD screen

LCD arrow buttons

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Setting up the RaQ 3

The arrow buttons function as follows:

The Left arrow button moves the cursor to the left.

The Right arrow button moves the cursor to the right.

The Up arrow button increases the digit located at the cursor position.

The Down arrow button decreases the digit located at the cursor position.

The S button (“select”) displays the next option.

The E button (“enter”) accepts the information entered or the

option displayed.

Setting the conﬁguration

During setup, the LCD console is used to enter network conﬁguration information on the RaQ 3.

Follow these steps to conﬁgure the network manually:

1. When you see the prompt

ENTER IP ADDR:

00.000.000.000

enter the IP address assigned to the RaQ 3 using the arrow buttons on the LCD console.

2. Press .

If the IP address is valid, the next prompt appears:

ENTER NETMASK:

55.000.000.000

3. Enter the netmask of your network.

4. Press .

If the netmask is valid, the following prompt appears:

ENTER GATEWAY:

00.000.000.000

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5. Enter the IP address of the gateway for your network.

If your network does not have a gateway, do not enter a number — leave the default value, “000.000.000.000.”

6. Press .

The LCD displays:

[S]AVE [C]ANCEL

7. To save the conﬁguration information, use the left and right arrow buttons to select [S]ave, and then press . You will see:

VERIFYING AND SAVING

Note: Selecting [C]ancel cancels the conﬁguration and the LCD screen displays ENTER IP ADDR: again. You must go through the entry process again.

After verifying and saving, the RaQ 3 completes the boot process. The LCD screen shows several messages before displaying the IP address assigned to the RaQ 3.

Conﬁguration is complete when the LCD screen displays the IP address assigned to the RaQ 3, for example:

IP ADDRESS:

192.168.25.77

Phase 2: Setting up with the Web browser

The remainder of the setup process is performed through a Web browser on any computer on your network. Use one of the standard browsers available (for example, Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer, versions 4.0 or later) to do this. Once the setup process is complete, the RaQ 3 can be managed from any computer on the network that has a browser.

To use a browser to set up the RaQ 3, follow these steps:

1. Launch a standard Web browser on any computer connected to the network.

2. Enter the IP address of the RaQ 3 (shown on the LCD screen on the front panel) into the URL ﬁeld of your browser — for example:

3. Press Return (or Enter) on your keyboard.

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If the RaQ 3’s network settings were conﬁgured successfully, then the Cobalt welcome screen appears; see Figure 10.

Click the Start button to begin using the Setup Wizard.

Figure 10 RaQ 3 Welcome screen

Setting up the RaQ 3

Conﬁguring the RaQ 3 with the Setup Wizard

To conﬁgure the RaQ 3, enter information into the ﬁelds on the Setup Wizard screen (see Figure 11). These ﬁelds are described in the

sections that follow.

Note: For help with a particular ﬁeld in the Setup Wizard, move

the pointer over the Active Assist

and help text is displayed at the bottom of the screen.

icon adjacent to the ﬁeld

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Chapter 2

Figure 11 Setup Wizard (part 1 of 2)

Entering the network settings

Cobalt server name (host name). This is a name you assign to the RaQ 3 — for example, raq1.

Domain name. This is the ofﬁcial name that is registered with InterNIC — for example, yourdomain.com. The host name and domain name must be coordinated by the network administrator in order for you to access the RaQ 3 by its name and not just by its IP address.

Primary DNS Server Address. This is the IP address of your primary domain name system (DNS) server. A primary DNS server maintains a list of computer names and their IP addresses. The RaQ 3 needs access to this list on the primary DNS server in order to convert between IP addresses and names. This conversion is essential for sending and receiving email external to the RaQ 3.

Secondary DNS Server Address. This is the IP address of your secondary DNS server. A secondary DNS server can provide redundant DNS service to your computers. If the primary DNS server is turned off, then your RaQ 3 can use the secondary DNS server.

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Setting up the RaQ 3

For informational purposes, this table also displays the IP address of the RaQ 3, the subnet mask of your network, your conﬁgured gateway and the Media Access Control (MAC) address that uniquely identiﬁes this RaQ 3. These settings, with the exception of the MAC address, can be changed later (through the browser) from the Control Panel section of the Server Management screen.

Entering the administrator settings

In the Administrator Settings table, enter the information about the RaQ 3 Administrator. The RaQ 3 Administrator has several responsibilities:

1. Setting up and maintaining the RaQ 3, virtual sites, virtual Site Administrators, site users and services

2. Responding to RaQ 3 email alerts to prevent potential problems

To set up the RaQ 3 Administrator, you must enter a password in the Administrator Password ﬁeld and then enter the same value again in the second Administrator Password ﬁeld. Use the following guidelines when choosing a password:

1. Use between ﬁve and ten alphanumeric characters; ten is the maximum number of characters allowed. The valid characters include: a-z A-Z 0-9 % ! @ $ ^ & * - _ = + \ | . , / ? ; :

2. Use both upper- and lower-case letters.

Note: A password is case-sensitive.

3. Do not use a proper name.

4. Do not use a word found in a dictionary.

5. Do not use a date.

6. Do not use a command word.

7. Do not use a string of consecutive keys on a keyboard (for example, “qwerty”).

Be sure to remember this password to access the RaQ 3’s management administration features in the future. If you forget or want to reset the password, see “Resetting the RaQ 3 Administrator password” on page 46.

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Chapter 2

Entering the service settings

You turn the RaQ 3 services on or off through the Service Settings table. See Figure 12. The default settings for these services are suitable for most users. These services include:

• Email server (default is On)

• File transfer protocol (FTP) server (default is On)

• Telnet server (default is On)

• Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent (default is Off)

• Domain Name System (DNS) server (default is Off)

Figure 12 Setup Wizard (Part 2 of 2))

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Setting up the RaQ 3

After setup has been completed, the Services page in the Control Panel has a “Parameters” column which enables further conﬁguration. Refer to “Control panel” on page 47 for additional information.

Entering the time settings

In the Time Settings table, select the time and date with the pull-down menus. See Figure 12.

Select the correct time zone by clicking in the Region, Country and Locale/Zone ﬁelds.

Completing conﬁguration with the Setup Wizard

When you have entered the information in the Setup Wizard, click Save Changes.

The RaQ 3 performs automatic checks on the information entered and alerts you if an illegal value or a problem is encountered. If the information is correct, the RaQ 3 enters the information in its conﬁguration ﬁles.

Registering the RaQ 3 online

The RaQ 3 displays an online product registration page; see Figure 13.

Note: If you are not connected to the Internet, you cannot register online.

IMPORTANT: If you leave blank either the DNS or the Gateway ﬁelds in the Setup Wizard, you cannot register the RaQ 3 online because you will not be able to send email. In this case, if you attempt to register the RaQ 3 online, you receive an error message, stating that you cannot register online because you did not ﬁll in the DNS and Gateway ﬁelds.

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Chapter 2

Figure 13 Online registration page

To register the RaQ 3 online:

1. Enter your Full Name. This ﬁeld must be ﬁlled in.

2. As an option, you can enter your title, the company name, the company address, the country and the phone number.

3. Enter either a Fax number or Email address. One of these two ﬁelds must be ﬁlled in. If you choose email, enter your complete email address in the form xxx@yyyyy.zzz .

4. Click Register through Email to submit the information.

If you do not want to register online, click Register Later to proceed to the RaQ 3 default home page.

Once you have registered the RaQ 3 online, you cannot register again. You receive an error window stating that the RaQ 3 has already been registered.

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Registering online at a later time

If you want to register online at a later time:

1. Click the Cobalt logo in the top left corner of the screen. The Server Conﬁguration Information table appears.

2. Click the About The Product link. The default home page for the RaQ 3 appears.

3. In the bottom right corner, click the link under Product Registration. The Product Registration screen appears.

4. Follow the steps in the previous procedure to register online.

The default home page for the RaQ 3 appears; see Figure 14 .

Figure 14 Default RaQ 3 home page

Setting up the RaQ 3

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Chapter 2

The default RaQ 3 home page is stored internally under index.html in the Linux directory user goes to the URL http://<IP address>/.

When the RaQ 3 Administrator changes the index.html ﬁle to create a new home page, the default RaQ 3 home page is replaced.

Registering the RaQ 3

If you did not register the RaQ 3 online, ﬁll out the registration card included in the packaging materials and return it to Cobalt Networks, Inc. By doing so, you will receive notiﬁcations of system and security upgrades and new product information.

If you did not register online throught the Setup Wizard and would like to do so, see “Registering online at a later time” on page 29.

/home/sites/home/web. This page appears when a

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Chapter 3

RaQ 3 Server Management

This chapter describes the functions that the RaQ 3 Administrator normally performs. The RaQ 3 Administrator accesses these functions on the Server Management screen on the RaQ 3. The Server Management screen has a brown strip on the left side.

The RaQ 3 Administrator can also perform site-related tasks and user tasks described in Chapters 4 and 5. See “Site Management” on page 79 and “Using Services on a Site” on page 117.

Table 2 brieﬂy summarizes the three types of RaQ 3 users:

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Chapter 3

Table 2 Levels of user

User Description

RaQ 3 Admin The RaQ 3 owner with the username “admin”

has full control of the RaQ 3 and is a member of the main site (which uses the IP address shown on the LCD screen of the RaQ 3). The RaQ 3 can have several Site Administrators, but only one RaQ 3 Administrator.

Site Admin The Site Administrator is designated by the

RaQ 3 Administrator. The Site Administrator is a user who runs a virtual site located on the RaQ 3; the virtual site can provide Web publishing, email and FTP services for the users of the site. The Site Administrator has control only over this virtual site.

Site User Site Users are added to a virtual site by the

RaQ 3 Administrator or a Site Administrator. Site Users can send and receive email through the virtual site, upload and download ﬁles using the FTP service provided by the site, publish their own personal Web page on the site, and back up and restore their home directories. The Site User has control only over the ﬁles located in his or her home directory on the RaQ 3.

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RaQ 3 Server Management

Approaches to RaQ 3 administration

The RaQ 3 Administrator can decide how many of the server functions he or she wants to manage directly and how much to delegate.

• Full control. If the RaQ 3 Administrator wants to control all the functions on the RaQ 3, he or she can create virtual sites without assigning any virtual Site Administrators. The RaQ 3 Administrator is responsible for managing the main site and all the virtual sites. (See “Deﬁnition of a virtual site” on page 34.)

• Hybrid control. If the RaQ 3 Administrator wants to control some of the RaQ 3 functions and delegate others, he or she can assign some of the virtual sites to virtual Site Administrators (for the sites that have a user capable of acting as a Site Administrator), and retain control of other virtual sites. The RaQ 3 Administrator is responsible for managing only the sites that do not have a Site Administrator.

• Distributed control. If the RaQ 3 Administrator wants to delegate responsibility for all the virtual sites, he or she can create Site Administrators for all the virtual sites. In this case, the RaQ 3 Administrator is responsible for managing only server settings and virtual site services. The Site Administrators are responsible for managing the virtual sites.

The RaQ 3 Administrator can manage the RaQ 3 using any standard browser. Access the Server Management screen by typing either http://<IP address> /admin/ or http://<host name> /admin/ into your browser. These web pages are password-protected — you must enter the RaQ 3 Administrator password.

When you access the RaQ 3 Administrator site for the RaQ 3, the Server Management screen appears (see Figure 15). This screen is used for the RaQ 3 management tasks that are performed only by the RaQ 3 Administrator:

1. Setting up and maintaining the RaQ 3.

2. Creating virtual sites.

3. Creating access privileges and providing services for the Site Administrators and site users.

The RaQ 3 Administrator functions available on the Server Management screen are described in the sections that follow.

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Chapter 3

Deﬁnition of a virtual site

Whereas industry uses the term “virtual host”, Cobalt Networks uses the term “virtual site”.

In Cobalt’s deﬁnition, a virtual site consists of a Domain Name System (DNS) domain with Web, FTP and email services. Each virtual site contains its own list of site user accounts. Each site user account has its own Web, email spool and any number of email aliases. The fully qualiﬁed domain name of a virtual site is unique to that site, while its IP address can be shared by many sites.

With the advent of name-based virtual hosting, it is no longer necessary to dedicate an IP address to a virtual site. Apache can now differentiate among target virtual sites according to the name requested. Many virtual sites on the RaQ 3 can share one IP. Not all services are compatible with name-based virtual hosting. SSL encryption for Web data and an anonymous FTP account can only be enabled on one name-based virtual site per IP address hosted by the RaQ 3.

The IP address of the RaQ 3 can be shared by many virtual sites or it can be unique to one virtual site.

The RaQ 3 has one main site (which cannot be deleted) and virtual sites. The main site uses the IP address assigned to the RaQ 3 using the LCD console.

On the Server Management screen, the main site is listed in the Virtual Sites List table; the trashcan icon in the fourth column for the main site is grayed-out (disabled), as this site cannot be deleted from the list of virtual sites. The options and features available on a virtual site can also be conﬁgured for the main site.

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Site management

The RaQ 3 is designed to host multiple virtual sites. A virtual site is an individual location on the Internet, such as www.abc.com or www.xyz.com. Each virtual site can have a unique set of users who can send and receive email, publish Web pages, or upload and download ﬁles through FTP. A virtual site can also provide anonymous FTP access.

Note: A virtual site can be name-based or IP-based. If there are several name-based virtual sites on an IP address, only one name-based virtual site can use anonymous FTP.

The number of virtual sites that you can conﬁgure on a RaQ 3 depends on the size of the hard disk in the RaQ 3 and on the amount of disk space allocated to each virtual site.

There is a limit of 250 IP-based virtual sites.

In the Site Management section of the Server Management screen, the RaQ 3 Administrator can create and manage virtual sites hosted by the RaQ 3. A table displays the virtual sites (if there are any) on the RaQ 3. See Figure 15.

RaQ 3 Server Management

Figure 15 List of virtual sites in the Site Management section

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Chapter 3

In the Site Management section, the Virtual Site List displays the virtual sites by host name in ascending order.

The Virtual Site List has four columns which display information about the site, and allow the RaQ 3 Administrator to manage or remove a site.

• The ﬁrst column displays the host name of the virtual site.

• The second column displays the IP address of the virtual site.

• The third column displays icons to indicate which services (FrontPage Server extensions, Anonymous FTP, Secure POP3 [APOP], SSL or Bandwidth Limit) are enabled on a site, or to indicate that a site is suspended.

• The fourth column displays icons to manage a site or to remove a site.

Note: The trashcan icon for the main site on the RaQ 3 is grayed-out (disabled), as this site cannot be deleted from the list of virtual sites.

For an explanation of the icons, see “Icons used on the UI and in the manual” on page 10.

Search and sort functions

The Virtual Site List table offers a search function and a sort function. See Figure 15. These functions are useful if you have a large number of virtual sites on your RaQ 3 and you want to restrict the display to certain virtual sites.

You can search the list of virtual sites according to the following criteria:

• by host name or IP address

• whether the host name or IP address is equal to the search string, is contained in the search string or is not contained in the search string

The screen regenerates and the results of the search are displayed in a table with the same four columns. The heading of the table now states “Search Results (<x> Virtual Sites found). To return to the full list of virtual sites, click Site Management on the left.

Note: Suspended sites are listed in the search results.

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RaQ 3 Server Management

You can sort the list of virtual sites according to the following criteria:

• by host name, in ascending or descending order

• by IP address, in ascending or descending order

Ascending order means from lowest value to the highest value (a–z or 1–9). Descending order means from highest value to the lowest value (z–a or 9–1). By default, the Virtual Site List table is sorted by host name in ascending order.

The screen regenerates and the results are displayed in a table with the same four columns. In the heading of the column which has been sorted, a blue arrow icon points up (ascending order) or down (descending order). In the heading of the column which has not been sorted, a double-ended arrow indicates that the order for the column is random.

You can use the search and sort functions together to produce the display that you need. For example, you can search the list for all virtual sites with “test” in the host name, and sort the results of that search by IP address in ascending order.

To search the list of virtual sites:

1. In the ﬁrst ﬁeld of the Search Virtual Site List window, select “Host Name” or “IP Address” from the pull-down menu.

2. In the second ﬁeld, select “is”, “contains” or “does not contain” from the pull-down menu.

3. In the third ﬁeld, enter the string of characters for which you want to search.

4. Click Search. The screen regenerates and displays the results in a table with the same four columns.

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To sort the list of virtual sites:

1. To sort according to Host Name, click on the blue arrow icon in the heading of the Host Name column. To sort according to IP Address, click on the blue arrow icon in the heading of the IP Address column.

2. To sort in ascending (up arrow icon) or descending order (down arrown icon), click on the blue arrow icon so that it points in the correct direction.

3. The screen regenerates and displays the results in a table with the same four columns.

Overview of virtual sites

The RaQ 3 supports both name-based and IP-based virtual hosting.

The RaQ 3 Administrator sets up the virtual sites, as described in “Adding a virtual site” on page 43. The following list of information is helpful when creating a site.

• IP Address To use the RaQ 3, the RaQ 3 Administrator requires an IP address or range of IP addresses.

Note: The RaQ 3 supports name-based virtual sites allowing many sites to share a single IP address. For example, the RaQ 3 Administrator can create many virtual sites using the same IP address (192.168.25.77) with a different host name for each site (for example, both www.abc.com and www.xyz.com can use 192.168.25.77 as their IP address).

• Host name Each virtual site requires a host name (for example, www or ftp). If the site is connected to the Internet, the RaQ 3 Administrator must know which IP address the host name uses.

• Domain name Each virtual site also requires a domain name (for example, abc.com or xyz.com). The RaQ 3 Administrator must also register the domain name with InterNIC.

Note: The RaQ 3 can serve as the DNS server and provide the host name.

• Bandwidth Limit The RaQ 3 allows you to set an output bandwidth limit for each IP address assigned to a RaQ 3. The virtual site must have an IP address associated in order to specify a bandwidth limit. This feature does not regulate input trafﬁc. See “Output bandwidth management” on page 40.

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RaQ 3 Server Management

• Accept Email for Domain The RaQ 3 Administrator can conﬁgure the user email addresses to both the fully qualiﬁed virtual domain name (user@www.domain.com) and the domain name alone (user@domain.com).

• Web Access by Domain The RaQ 3 Administrator can conﬁgure the web server to respond to both http://host.domain.com and http://domain.com.

• Maximum allowed disk space (MB) The RaQ 3 Administrator can set the amount of disk space a site can use, and can change this value at any time. The value is in Megabytes and must be a whole number greater than zero.

• Maximum Number of Users The RaQ 3 Administrator can limit the number of users that a Site Administrator can create. The RaQ 3 Administrator can change this value at any time.

• Enable Shell Accounts The users of the virtual site being created can telnet to the RaQ 3 and run commands from a Linux shell. If this feature is enabled, Site Administrators can grant shell access on a user-by-user basis.

Note: Granting shell access can greatly compromise the security of your RaQ 3.

• Enable common gateway interface (CGI) scripts The RaQ 3 Administrator can enable this virtual site and all the site users to have CGI-based dynamic Web content on the RaQ 3. CGI allows a user to have a Web site run programs that dynamically generate hypertext markup language (HTML) pages in response to speciﬁc user inputs. CGI scripts can be created on a user’s desktop computer and then transferred to the RaQ 3 with a ﬁle transfer protocol (FTP) application (see “Publishing Web pages using FTP” on page 125).

• Enable SSL The RaQ 3 provides an optional secure sockets layer (SSL) for web access. See “SSL settings” on page 98.

• Enable Server Side Includes The RaQ 3 can correctly display server-parsed Web pages (.shtml).

• Enable FrontPage Server Extensions Users of this virtual site

can enable Microsoft FrontPage

Server Extensions for their Web page development. A root web for the site is automatically created when FrontPage Extensions are enabled. Site Administrators can create and delete user FrontPage webs individually.

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Chapter 3

• Enable Secure POP3 (APOP) The RaQ 3 administrator can enable the Authentication Post Ofﬁce Protocol (APOP) for a virtual site. APOP is a challenge-response authentication scheme built on top of the standard POP protocol. APOP is designed in a way that protects your password when being sent across the network.

Note: If you enable APOP for a user, that user can check his or her email only through an APOP client; a regular POP3 client will not work unless APOP is disabled for that user.

• Anonymous FTP Users without passwords can download and upload ﬁles through FTP up to the speciﬁed disk-space limit. The RaQ 3 Administrator can enable the anonymous FTP server for any virtual site. The administrator can also limit the amount of data that can be uploaded anonymously and the total number of anonymous users who can access the virtual site simultaneously.

Note: A virtual site can be name-based or IP-based. If there are several name-based virtual sites on an IP address, only one name-based virtual site can use anonymous FTP.

Output bandwidth management

The RaQ 3 allows you to set an output bandwidth limit for each IP address you assign to a RaQ 3. This feature is available when you create a virtual site from the Server Management screen or when you modify the settings of a virtual site. The virtual site must have an IP address associated in order to specify a bandwidth limit.

The limit is speciﬁed in kilobits per second (Kb/s), and the RaQ 3 enforces a minimum bandwidth limit of 10 Kb/s.

The bandwidth limit applies to all outgoing Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) trafﬁc on a particular IP address. This includes Web, FTP, POP and telnet trafﬁc, as well any other TCP-based application.

If multiple users are accessing a bandwidth-limited IP address, the system divides the bandwidth evenly among the users.

If multiple named-based virtual sites belong to one IP address, the bandwidth assigned to the IP address is divided evenly among the total number of users on those name-based virtual sites.

This feature does not regulate input trafﬁc.

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RaQ 3 Server Management

To enable the bandwidth management feature:

1. In the Server Management screen, click Site Management on the left.

2. Click the wrench icon next to the virtual site on which you want to enable the bandwidth management feature.

3. Click Site Settings on the left.

4. Click the checkbox next to Bandwidth Limit in the table.

5. The value of the bandwidth limit is in Kb/s. The minimum bandwidth limit is 10 Kb/s.

Enter the value of the bandwidth limit in the ﬁeld.

6. Click Save Changes.

Setting defaults for a virtual site

There are many advantages for setting defaults for the virtual sites. For example, since multiple sites can now share an IP address, a default IP address can be set for all new virtual sites added. Also, since it is common for many sites to share a common domain name, it can be desirable to set a default domain name for your virtual sites.

The same is true of all the options for a virtual site; it is best for you to decide the needs of your typical virtual site before assigning these values.

Site defaults and site settings can only be conﬁgured by the RaQ 3 Administrator. If the RaQ 3 Administrator enables either the FrontPage Server Extensions service or the Shell Accounts service, the Site Administrators can enable or disable FrontPage user webs, and enable or disable individual (per-user) shell access.

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Chapter 3

Figure 16 shows the screen for conﬁguring the default settings of a virtual site.

Figure 16 Default settings for a virtual site

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To edit the default settings for a virtual site:

1. On the Server Management screen, click Site Management.

2. Click Set Virtual Site Defaults.

3. Enter the information for the site.

See the descriptions in “Overview of virtual sites” on page 38.

4. Click Save Changes.

Once you have conﬁgured the default settings, you can modify the settings for each virtual site that you add.

Adding a virtual site

Figure 17 shows the screen for adding a virtual site.

Figure 17 Adding a virtual site

RaQ 3 Server Management

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To add a virtual site:

1. On the Server Management screen, click Site Management.

2. Click Add Virtual Site.

3. Enter the information for the site (information from the site defaults table is displayed here).

4. Make changes to the information or complete the necessary information.

5. Verify the settings and click Conﬁrm New Site.

Adding a name-based virtual site

If you are adding a name-based virtual site, you must have DNS records for that site before you can access the site. For more information, see “Deﬁnition of a virtual site” on page 34.

Note: You cannot preview a name-based virtual site before making it available to the public Internet, because you ﬁrst need to create valid DNS records for that site.

If you administer your DNS records on the RaQ 3, refer to Appendix D, “Domain Name System”, on page 149 for creating DNS records. If your Internet service provider (ISP) administers your DNS records, ask your ISP to create the DNS records for the new name-based virtual site.

Once the virtual site has been created, you can manage it by clicking the modify icon for the site. See “Changing site settings” on page 94.

To assign a Site Administrator to the new virtual site, see “Adding a site user” on page 83.

Removing a virtual site

To remove a virtual site:

1. On the Server Management screen, click Site Management.

2. In the Virtual Site List table, click the trashcan icon for the virtual site you want to remove.

3. In the conﬁrmation dialog box that appears, click OK to delete all the virtual site accounts, site users and contents.

4. The screen refreshes and the virtual site is no longer listed.

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Both the Site Administrator and the RaQ 3 Administrator can conﬁgure the site user default settings. See “Setting defaults for a site user” on page 81.

After creating a virtual site, you can add or remove users for that site, and assign a Site Administrator. See “Adding a site user” on page 83.

For information on changing the settings for a particular virtual site, see “Changing site settings” on page 94.

For information on removing a site user from a particular virtual site, see “Removing a site user” on page 86.

RaQ 3 Administrator

Caution: Be sure to remember the password you enter here

— otherwise, you will need to reset it (See “Resetting the RaQ 3 Administrator password” on page 46).

In the Administrator section of the Server Management screen, you enter information about the RaQ 3 Administrator — including user name, password and, optionally, an email address where system alerts for failed services are sent.

RaQ 3 Server Management

To enter the information for the RaQ 3 Administrator:

1. On the Server Management screen, click Administrator on the left. The Administrator Settings table appears.

2. Enter the ﬁrst name and last name of the administrator.

3. Enter the password twice to ensure that you have entered it as intended. For guidelines on choosing a password, see “Entering the administrator settings” on page 25.

4. As an option, enter an email address that will receive system alerts for failed services.

5. Click Save Changes.

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Changing the RaQ 3 Administrator password

To change the password for the RaQ 3 Administrator:

1. On the Server Management screen, click Administrator on the left. The Administrator Settings table appears.

2. Enter the new password twice to ensure that you have entered it as intended. For guidelines on choosing a password, see “Entering the administrator settings” on page 25.

3. Click Save Changes.

Resetting the RaQ 3 Administrator password

When the RaQ 3 Administrator password is cleared, the root account is not accessible until a new administrator password has been assigned.

Caution: After you clear the password, enter a new one as soon as possible to protect the security of the RaQ 3. At this point, anyone on the network can assign the RaQ 3 Administrator password until you assign a new one.

If you forget the RaQ 3 Administrator password, you can clear it by following these steps.

1. Push and hold the end of a paper clip in the recessed Reset Password button (located between the LCD screen and the LCD arrow buttons, on the front of the RaQ 3). Hold the button in for approximately 2 seconds.

The LCD screen displays

Resetting admin password...

2. Release the button.

3. In your Web browser, enter the URL http://<IP Address>/admin/ or http://<host name>/admin/ to access the Server Management screen.

4. If a prompt appears asking for a username or password, enter “admin” as the username. DO NOT enter a password. Click OK.

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5. Click Administrator on the left. The Administrator Settings table appears.

6. Enter the password twice to ensure that you have entered it as intended. For guidelines on choosing a password, see “Entering the administrator settings” on page 25.

7. Click Save Changes.

Control panel

You can conﬁgure the services, network and time settings through the Control Panel section of the Server Management screen.

Note: For help with a particular ﬁeld, move the mouse pointer

over the Active Assist icon adjacent to the ﬁeld. Help text

appears in a window at the bottom of the screen.

Services

Figure 18 shows the Service Settings table of the Services section.

RaQ 3 Server Management

Figure 18 Service Settings table

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To manage the settings for the RaQ 3 services:

1. On the Server Management screen, click Control Panel on the left. The Service Settings table appears.

2. To turn on any of the services listed in the Service Settings table (except Web server, which is always on), click the check box next to that service. The services are described in the sections that follow.

3. Click Save Changes.

Note: Chapter 5 provides instructions for site users on how to use the RaQ 3 services.

Web server

This service is always on. It allows site users to access web content, as described in Chapter 5.

Email server

The RaQ 3 supports email for each virtual site on the host. It also supports email for entire domains (for example, www.mydomain.com). By default, each registered user has an email account created on the RaQ 3.

The RaQ 3 supports multiple client and server email protocols but does not implement virtual email users. This means that for the entire RaQ 3, each user must have a unique username, even if the users are on different virtual sites. For more information, see “Email relaying” on page 51.

SMTP server

The RaQ 3 can act as a Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) server for sending and receiving Internet email. The RaQ 3 Administrator can conﬁgure several parameters that can affect the performance of the SMTP server.

Users created on any virtual site can retrieve their email using the Post Ofﬁce Protocol 3 (POP3) or the Authentication Post Ofﬁce Protocol (APOP), in addition to the Internet Message Access Protocol 4 (IMAP4). Users can send mail using the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).

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For the RaQ 3 to receive email, the network or system administrator must enter a mail server host name in your organization’s domain name system (DNS) server. The IP address of the DNS server must be entered in the network settings for the RaQ 3 or the SMTP protocol will not work. For more information, see “Entering the network settings” on page 24.

For more information on DNS, see “Domain Name System (DNS) server” on page 55.

Figure 19 shows the Email Parameters table.

Figure 19 Email Parameters table

RaQ 3 Server Management

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To conﬁgure the email parameters:

1. In the Service Settings table, click the Parameters link next to Email Server. The Email Parameters table appears.

2. Fill in the ﬁelds in the Email Parameters table. The following paragraphs explain these ﬁelds.

3. Click Save Changes in the Email Parameters table.

4. Click Save Changes in the Service Settings table

You can modify the following parameters:

• Maximum message size (MB) It is important to enter a value here to limit the size of incoming email messages. If this ﬁeld is blank, you can receive a message that exceeds the available disk space. Such a message would be returned to the sender as “undeliverable.” The default value is 5 MB; the value must be a whole number greater than zero.

• Smart Relay Host Name You can enter an optional host name in this ﬁeld. With this feature, you can conﬁgure the RaQ 3 to send Internet email to a speciﬁc email server. Enter the host name of the email server through which you want to relay your email.

This feature is useful if the RaQ 3 does not have direct Internet access (for example, the RaQ 3 is subject to a restrictive ﬁrewall), but can communicate with an email server that has direct Internet access.

• Relay for the following hosts/domains You can specify a list of hosts for which the SMTP server will relay email messages. For more information, see “Email relaying” on page 51.

• Hosts/domains aliases In this ﬁeld, enter all the IP addresses or domain names of sites on which you receive email. You can only receive email that’s addressed to you on the domains speciﬁed here. For example, if you want to receive email addressed to you at username@mydomain.com, type domain.com in this ﬁeld.

• Reject the following users/hosts/domains In this ﬁeld, enter email addresses or domains from which you want to block any email. Anyone trying to send you messages from one of these addresses or domains will receive an error message in return.

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Email relaying

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) service is different from Post Ofﬁce Protocol (POP), telnet and ﬁle transfer protocol (FTP) services in that SMTP does not try to authenticate a user when an SMTP connection is made. Every email server on the Internet has to be able to deliver email to you, so the email servers must be able to connect freely to send the email. The Cobalt server accepts email if the recipient has a user account or an alias email account, or if the sending host (your client PC) is trusted to relay outgoing emails to another domain. These trusts are deﬁned by host or domain names, as well as by IP addresses and networks. A network is a range of IP addresses; a network can be as small as one IP address, but that is not very practical.

Caution: Some users advise you to open relay to all com, edu, net and other top-level domain addresses. This is BAD ADVICE. Doing so allows hosts belonging to com, edu, net and others to relay email through your Cobalt server; this relayed mail is known as spam mail.

Spam mail can appear as though it originated from your server and as a result, others may blacklist your server as a known spam site. If your server is blacklisted, many mail servers will not relay your email and your customers will not receive any email messages.

If you have users who access your server through the Internet, ask your Internet Service Provider (ISP) which networks are used by their remote access (dial-up) equipment. If the ISP says the network 209.43.21.5/24 and 209.43.66.5/16, add “209.43.21” and “209.43.66” to the “Relay email from these hosts/domains” ﬁeld of the Email Parameters menu. If your ISP gives you a list of 30 networks used by 30 points-of-presence (POPs) (which are regional ISP ofﬁces) across the country and your clients can dial in from any of them, then you must trust all 30 networks or these users cannot send email through your RaQ 3.

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How to enable email relaying

To enable email relaying, add the IP addresses (or domain names, or both) of the machines which use your RaQ 3 as the SMTP server.

1. On the Server Management screen, click Control Panel. The Service Settings table appears.

2. Click the Parameters link next to Email Server. The Email Parameters table appears. One ﬁeld is labeled “Relay for the following hosts/domains”. The following paragraphs explain how to ﬁll in this ﬁeld. .

3. Click Save Changes in the Email Parameters table.

4. Click Save Changes in the Service Settings table.

The entries you add to this ﬁeld serve as part of a pattern match against the email that the client is sending. As a result, some handy shortcuts are possible. If you have a number of hosts in the same network block, you can, as a shortcut, simply enter the number of the network block.

For example, specifying a network such as 192.168.1 in the “Relay email from these hosts/domains” ﬁeld trusts all IP addresses from

192.168.1.1 through 192.168.1.254.

Note: There is no trailing period on the number of the network block and there are only three octects entered in the ﬁeld. It is important that you do not include a trailing dot after the part of the IP address that you want to match.

If you want to allow connections from a host that ends, for example, in mydomain.com, add the string mydomain.com in the text area.

Note: If you entering a domain name or part of a domain name in the text box, you must have reverse DNS working on your clients.

File transfer protocol (FTP) server

Using the ﬁle transfer protocol, site users can upload and download ﬁles on the RaQ 3. Users can transfer ﬁles with FTP client software such as Fetch or WS-FTP.

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RaQ 3 Server Management

The RaQ 3 Administrator can can enable or disable the FTP server.

1. On the Server Management screen, click Control Panel. The Service Settings table appears.

2. Click the check box next to File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Server to on or off.

3. Click Save Changes.

Telnet server

Telnet access is available but only advanced users should use telnet. An advanced user is someone who is proﬁcient in the workings of a Unix®-style operating system. It is possible to adversely affect the performance of your RaQ 3 if you modify system conﬁguration ﬁles.

Note: Granting shell access can greatly compromise the security of your RaQ 3.

Note: Disabling the telnet server in the service menu denies telnet access to all users, even if they have been granted “shell” access.

The RaQ 3 Administrator can can enable or disable the telnet server:

1. On the Server Management screen, click Control Panel. The Service Settings table appears.

2. Click the check box next to Telnet Server to on or off.

3. Click Save Changes.

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent

The RaQ 3 Administrator can can enable or disable the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent:

1. On the Server Management screen, click Control Panel. The Service Settings tble appears.

2. Click the check box next to Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent to on or off.

3. If you are disabling the SNMP agent, click Save Changes. If you are enabling the SNMP agent, click on the Parameters link next to the option in the Service Settings table.

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4. Enter the SNMP communities that can have read-only and read-and-write access to this SNMP agent. The default read-access community is “public”. Click Save Changes in the SNMP Parameters table.

5. Click Save Changes in the Service Settings table.

Legato ﬁle backup

You can use the Legato NetWorker® client software to support backup and restore needs on the RaQ 3. To use this feature, you must install the Legato Networker Server software. The software is available at www.legato.com.

To enable or disable the Legato ﬁle backup option:

1. On the Server Management screen, click Control Panel. The Service Settings table appears.

2. Click the check box next to Legato File Backup to on or off.

3. If you are disabling the Legato File Backup option, click Save Changes. If you are enabling the Legato File Backup option, click on the Parameters link next to the option in the Service Settings table.

4. In the Legato Networker Parameters table, enter the host name and the IP address of the Legato Server in the ﬁelds. Click Save Changes in the Legato Networker Parameters table.

5. Click Save Changes in the Service Settings table.

Arkeia ﬁle backup

You can use the Arkeia backup software from Knox Software to support backup and restore needs on the RaQ 3.

There is a client component and a server component to the Arkeia backup software. The client-side software is pre-installed on the RaQ 3. The server-side software can be downloaded from the Arkeia web site at http://www.arkeia.com for a free 30-day trial.

Note: The server-side software works on the RaQ 3i conﬁguration only, as it requires a local tape drive connected to a SCSI port.

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To enable or disable the Arkeia client-side backup software:

1. On the Server Management screen, click Control Panel. The Service Settings tble appears.

2. Click the check box next to Arkeia File Backup to on or off.

3. If you are disabling the Arkeia File Backup option, click Save Changes. If you are enabling the Arkeia File Backup option, click on the Parameters link next to the option in the Service Settings table.

4. In the Arkeia Parameters table, enter the host name of the server that will back up the RaQ 3. Click Save Changes in the Arkeia Parameters table.

5. Click Save Changes in the Service Settings table.

To enable the server-side software, you must have an external tape device connected to the SCSI port (RaQ 3i conﬁguration only).

If you have the RaQ 3 conﬁguration, you can download the server-side software from Knox Software and install it on a different server with a local tape drive. You can then back up the RaQ 3 through the local network connection.

The server-side software is managed through a separate utility; this utility has a Java interface on Windows 95/98 and NT, and an X11 interface on Unix. You can download this utility from Arkeia’s web site at http://www.arkeia.com.

Cobalt Networks also provides a technical paper on how to use Arkeia software as a disaster-recovery solution. Go to Cobalt’s web site at http://www.cobalt.com/support/ .

Domain Name System (DNS) server

Domain Name System (DNS) is a vital and integral part of the Internet. Setting up DNS correctly on your RaQ 3 is very important. For this reason, we have created an appendix solely for explaining DNS. See “Domain Name System” on page 149.

The appendix covers the following items:

• basic DNS issues

• advanced DNS issues

• a quick start guide detailing a sample setup of DNS for a RaQ 3

• a brief history of the DNS service

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Network

The network settings make the RaQ 3 visible to other computers. If you change the IP address, the RaQ 3 reboots.

IMPORTANT: Coordinate the network conﬁguration information with your system adminstrator to ensure the integrity of your network. Incorrect network settings can result in a loss of connectivity.

To enter or change the network conﬁguration for the RaQ 3:

1. On the Server Management screen, click Control Panel on the left. The Service Settings table appears.

2. Click Network at the top. The settings tables for the network conﬁguration appear.

3. Enter conﬁguration information for the General Settings, the Interface Settings for Network 1 or the Interface Settings for Network 2.

Note: For help with a particular ﬁeld, move the mouse pointer

over the Active Assist icon adjacent to the ﬁeld. Help text

appears in a window at the bottom of the screen.

4. Click Save Changes.

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Figure 20 shows the Settings tables of the Network section.

Figure 20 Settings tables in the Network section

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Time

The RaQ 3 Administrator can conﬁgure the correct time and date and the time zone for the RaQ 3.

1. On the Server Management screen, click Control Panel on the left. The Service Settings table appears.

2. Click Time at the top. The Time Settings table appears.

3. Select the time and date with the pull-down menus.

4. Select the correct time zone by clicking in the Region, Country and Locale/Zone ﬁelds.

5. As an option, you can also specify the name of a Network Time Protocol (NTP) server with which the RaQ 3 will synchronize its internal clock every night. Enter the host name or IP address of the NTP server.

You can ﬁnd a list of publicly available NTP servers at: http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/ntp/servers.html.

6. Click Save Changes.

Maintenance

The Maintenance section of the Server Management screen provides several Web-based utilities that facilitate RaQ 3 day-to-day operations.

To access these utilities:

1. On the Server Management screen, click Maintenance on the left. The File Backup table appears.

2. Choose a utility at the top. The utitilities are described in the following sections.

Backup

Caution: A backup captures data only (for example, email messages stored on the server or Web ﬁles). It does NOT back up the settings for virtual sites or users.

As the RaQ 3 Administrator, you can perform different types of backups in the user interface. This is a separate function from the Legato and Arkeia backup support features.

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Caution: You can use Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.0 to back up a Cobalt server but not to restore a backup ﬁle. Upgrade to a later version of Internet Explorer or use a different browser software to restore the backup ﬁle.

Manual backup

This feature allows administrators to manually back up data stored on the RaQ 3. Figure 21 shows the File Backup table.

Figure 21 File Backup table

RaQ 3 Server Management

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To manually back up data stored on the RaQ 3:

1. On the Maintenance screen, click Backup at the top.

2. In “Data to Backup,” select the type of backup:

• All server configuration, email and user files. This option

backs up all the server configuration files for the users and the system setup, all users’ files, all group files and all email in-boxes.

• All server configuration. This option backs up all the server

configuration files for the users and the administrator, as well as all the system setup information.

• Files and email of user. This option backs up the files and

email in-box for a specific user.

3. To back up all ﬁles or to back up ﬁles changed within a certain time frame, choose from the pull-down menu adjacent to “Backup ﬁles modiﬁed in the last.”

You can choose “Backup all Files,” 31 days, 14 days, 7 days, 2 days or 1 day.

4. Click Start Backup.

5. Assign a path and a ﬁle name on your computer for storing the backup data. Click Save.

The ﬁle transfer takes several seconds to several minutes. Do not interrupt or cancel the ﬁle transfer. If the ﬁle transfer fails, delete the partial back up ﬁle from your computer. If you try to restore a partial back up ﬁle, you can corrupt the data on your RaQ 3.

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Scheduled backup

This feature allows administrators to schedule regular automatic backups. Figure 22 shows the Scheduled File Backup table.

Figure 22 Scheduled File Backup table

RaQ 3 Server Management

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To schedule regular, automatic backups:

1. On the Maintenance screen, click Backup at the top.

2. Click Scheduled Backup.

3. In “Data to Backup,” select the type of Backup, as described in step 2 in “Manual backup” on page 59.

4. To back up all ﬁles or to back up ﬁles changed within a certain time frame, choose from the pull-down menu adjacent to “Backup ﬁles modiﬁed in the last.”

5. Choose the frequency of the automatic backup.

• Daily means each day at 1 a.m.

• Weekly means every Sunday morning at 1 a.m. (Saturday night

going into Sunday morning)

• Monthly means on the first of every month at 1 a.m.

6. Choose a backup method.

• FTP Server writes the backup file to an FTP server.

• NFS places the backup file on a mountable NFS resource.

• SMB Server (Windows File Sharing) places the backup file

onto a directory shared from a Windows machine.

7. Enter a location for storing the backup data.

The location you specify depends in part on the backup method you select in step 6. See “Backup File Locations” below for an explanation of locations you can enter here.

8. Click Save Changes.

Backup ﬁle locations

For a backup by FTP Server:

• A location of

<username>@ftp.server.com puts the backup ﬁle

in the initial login directory.

• A location of

<username>@ftp.server.com/path/to/backups/

puts the backup ﬁle in the speciﬁed path on the server, using

<username> to login.

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For a backup by Anonymous FTP:

• For an anonymous FTP connection, the ﬁle must be put in a directory where anonymous FTP users have write access. This is generally the /incoming/ directory.

• A location of ftp.server.com/incoming places the backup ﬁle on ftp.server.com under the /incoming/ directory.

• The “Password” ﬁeld should contain the password for the speciﬁed user or be left blank for anonymous logins.

For a backup by NFS Server:

• The location should be <server>:/<share> , where <server> is the NFS server and <share> is the NFS volume to mount and write to. You must have write privileges to this directory.

• The “Password” is ignored for NFS server backups.

For a backup by SMB Server (Windows File Sharing):

• The location should be <user>@\\windowspc\<share> . This mounts the volume share on the Windows server, using <user> as the login. The “Password” ﬁeld must contain the password for <user>.

• For volumes that do not require a user, the location should be

\\windowspc\share .

For All Scheduled backups:

• Ensure the target location is available and has enough disk space to hold the backup archive. Failure to do this may result in zero-length or truncated archives.

Restore

You must restore data from the same machine on which the data was backed up. Users can restore their own personal directory.

Caution: The system restores data only (for example, email messages stored on the server or Web ﬁles). It does NOT restore virtual sites or site users to a RaQ 3.

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Caution: The system does not merge the current and backed-up data. When data is restored, any changes made to ﬁles on the RaQ 3 since the last backup are lost.

Figure 23 shows the File Restore table.

Figure 23 File Restore table

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To restore a backup ﬁle:

1. On the Maintenance screen, click Restore at the top. The File Restore table appears.

2. The RaQ 3 saves backed-up data in .raq ﬁles. Enter the path and ﬁlename of the backup ﬁle, or click Browse to select the .raq ﬁle archived on your computer which you wish to restore to the server.

Restore times can vary widely. Be careful not to interrupt an archive restore as data could be corrupted.

Note: If the ﬁle does not appear in the list and you are using Netscape 4.x or Internet Explorer 4.x, you may need to change “File Type” in the desktop to “All Files.”

3. If you want to restore only some of the ﬁles, click Selective Restore.

4. Click Restore A Backup File below the File Restore table.

Note: Restoring large backup archives can cause your Web browser to timeout. If you upload the “.raq” archive with FTP to the RaQ 3 Administrator’s home directory, you can select the archive from a menu on the Restore screen.

Do not interrupt an archive restore because this can corrupt data. If the restore process is interrupted, the user can try to restore again.

To restore a user home directory or a virtual site directory, make sure the user or virtual site already exists before restoring the ﬁles.

When data is restored, the RaQ 3 and its corresponding parts (virtual site, user, email) are returned to the exact state they were in prior to backup.

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Install software

You can add new software to the RaQ 3 from the browser. You can install new software obtained either from the Cobalt Networks Web site or from a CD supplied by Cobalt Networks.

Figure 24 shows the Install Software table.

Figure 24 Install Software table

To install or upgrade software from Cobalt’s Web site:

1. Through your Web browser, go to http://www.cobalt.com/support/.

2. Download the new software to your desktop computer.

3. On the Server Management screen, click Maintenance on the left.

4. Click Install Software at the top.

5. Click Browse to locate the package that you downloaded to your computer. Click Open to select the package.

6. Click Install a .pkg package to automatically install or upgrade the new software on the RaQ 3.

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To install software remotely:

1. On the Server Management screen, click Maintenance on the left.

2. Click Install Software at the top.

3. In the URL ﬁeld, enter the URL for the package ﬁle. This URL directs the browser to the package ﬁle on the Cobalt Networks Web site.

4. Click Install a .pkg package to automatically install or upgrade the new software on the RaQ 3.

To install software from a CD:

1. Insert the CD into a computer on the same network as the RaQ 3.

2. On the computer that has the CD, go to the Server Management screen. Click Maintenance on the left.

3. Click Install Software at the top.

4. Click Browse to locate the package ﬁle on the CD. Click Open to select the package ﬁle.

5. Click Install a .pkg package to automatically install or upgrade the new software on the RaQ 3.

Third-party software

Figure 24 also shows the various software packages that have been installed on the RaQ 3, including the version of the Cobalt OS and any the third-party software. To see more information about the software, click the name (shown as a link).

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Add-on storage support

On a RaQ 3 equipped with a SCSI connector (RaQ 3i conﬁguration only), the Cobalt UI allows disk devices on the SCSI bus to be used as additional storage for virtual sites. A virtual site cannot span multiple disks and the disk must remain connected to the RaQ 3 for proper operation of the virtual sites stored on the disk. The RaQ 3 does not automatically recognize virtual sites on an external disk transferred from another RaQ 3.

In the Maintenance section of the Server Management screen, the administrator can add and format a non-removable disk storage device to the RaQ 3.

Note: You must power down the RaQ 3 before adding or removing an add-on storage device.

Figure 25 shows the Available Storage table.

Figure 25 Available Storage table

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To add a storage device to the RaQ 3:

1. On the Server Management screen, click Maintenance on the left.

2. Click Storage at the top.

3. Click Add Storage.

A lists of available storage devices appears; see Figure 25. By default, all of the devices are selected to be added. To de-select a storage device, click the box beside that device.

To add a disk, give the device a unique name. You can use only alphanumeric characters for the name. You cannot use the name “home” as that is the name of the hard disk of the RaQ 3.

You can choose to check the integrity of the disk when adding a storage device. However, this option signiﬁcantly increases the time it takes to format a disk. To enable this option, click the box in the Check column beside each storage device.

4. Click Conﬁrm New Storage to add the storage to the RaQ 3.

When adding a new virtual site to the RaQ 3, the RaQ 3 Administrator can choose where to store the new site. In the Add New Virtual Site table, next to the Maximum allowed disk space (MB) parameter, a pull-down menu lists in alphabetical order the available storage devices. The storage device with the most available space is chosen by default.

For more information, see “Adding a virtual site” on page 43.

Suspend a virtual site

There are two ways to suspend a virtual site on the RaQ 3: a hard suspension and a soft suspension.

For more information on soft suspensions, see “Suspend a virtual site” on page 96.

Hard suspension

A hard suspension occurs when a storage device is disabled through the UI or is disconnected from the RaQ 3. In this case, all virtual sites on that storage device are inaccessible. You cannot administer these sites, and users cannot receive email.

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Reboot

To disable an attached storage device:

1. On the Server Management screen, click Maintenance on the left.

2. Click Storage at the top.

3. Click the pencil icon next to the disk you want to disable.

4. Click the Enable disk checkbox so that it is de-selected.

5. Click Conﬁrm Modify. The browser returns to the previous screen.

Rebooting the RaQ 3 sometimes cures problems with certain services. The Active Monitor software recommends when a reboot is necessary.

To reboot the RaQ 3 through your browser:

1. On the Server Management screen, click Maintenance on the left.

2. Click Reboot at the top.

3. In the table that appears, click Reboot.

You can also reboot the RaQ 3 through its LCD console; refer to “Rebooting” on page 137 in Appendix A.

Rebooting can take as long as a few minutes.

Shutdown

The RaQ 3 can only be shut down from the LCD console located on the front of the unit. Refer to “Powering down” on page 138 in Appendix A. Shutting down may take as long as a few minutes.

Caution: Turning off the power switch before the RaQ 3 tells you to do so can result in lost or corrupted data.

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Support tools

The Support Tools feature is a Web page that assists Technical Support in diagnosing problems on a RaQ 3 unit.

On the Server Diagnostics screen, the RaQ 3 Administrator can create and download a data dump of the conﬁguration ﬁles on the RaQ 3. This data dump can then be emailed to diagnostics@cobalt.com. A member of the Technical Support team can then evaluate the condition of your RaQ 3 before providing you with corrective action, either by telephone or email.

If the RaQ 3 Administrator is familiar with Linux, he or she can look through this ﬁle in an effort to determine the problem with the RaQ 3. The ﬁle is a standard gzip ﬁle.

To access the Server Diagnostics screen:

1. From any screen, click the Cobalt logo in the top left corner.

A table listing Server Conﬁguration Information appears. The table lists the amount of random access memory (RAM) and the size of the hard disk drive.

The table also lists trademark information for Cobalt Networks and for all other products and companies referred to in the UI.

2. In the list of links, click Server Diagnostics. The Diagnostic Header Data table appears.

3. Enter the following information:

• your full name

• the name of your company or organization (optional)

• if you are emailing the diagnostics dump to Cobalt Networks,

then indicate whether you want to be contacted by email or telephone

• your complete telephone number, if you want to be contacted by

telephone

• your email address, if you want to be contacted by email

• a description of the problem you are having

Note: If the problem is with a particular user or site, please be speciﬁc.

The information entered in these ﬁelds is incorporated into the header information of the diagnostic dump.

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4. Click Save Changes.

This creates the diagnostic dump of your conﬁguration ﬁles. A ﬁle window appears and prompts you to enter a location on you computer where you want to store the ﬁle created.

5. If you are familiar with Linux, you can open this ﬁle and look through it to determine the problem. Or you can email the ﬁle as an attachment to diagnostics@cobalt.com.

6. When Cobalt Networks receives the diagnostic ﬁle by email, a problem ticket is created for your case.

Site Usage

The Site Usage feature allows the RaQ 3 Administrator to monitor the amount of bandwidth consumed by Web, email and FTP trafﬁc generated by the virtual sites on a RaQ 3.

For the Site Usage feature on the Site Management screen, see “Site Usage” on page 108.

The RaQ 3 can generate trafﬁc-based bar graphs for a particular virtual site. The bars for Total Usage trafﬁc can be viewed separately side-by-side or stacked on top of each other in a single bar to indicate the total amount of data (MB).

The reports are generated each night at 1:00 a.m. and statistics are updated once daily for all services.

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RaQ 3 Server Management

Figure 26 shows the a sample of a Total Usage summary report.

Figure 26 Sample of a Total Usage summary report

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To use the Site Usage function:

1. On the Server Management screen, click Site Usage on the left. The Total Usage bar graph appears.

2. Below the Total Usage bar graph is an option for changing the bar placement on the graph. Click the radio button for the selected type of placement and click Generate Report.

The browser regenerates the Total Usage graph and displays the bars as you selected.

3. In the Reports to Generate window, you can select the virtual sites for which you want to generate the Total Usage bar graph.

Click Generate. The browser regenerates the Site Usage screen according to the report criteria chosen.

4. To view Web, FTP or Email usage statistics, click that option at the top.

• Web displays the Web Usage table for the virtual site.

• FTP displays the FTP Usage table for the virtual site.

• Email displays the Email Usage table for the virtual site. Each option also displays a second table for Other Usage Statistics.

Click on any of the links in the Other Usage Statistics table for more detailed information.

System Status

The System Status section allows the RaQ 3 Administrator to monitor the CPU, memory, disk and network status, as well as the services running on RaQ 3. In all cases, the RaQ 3 monitors the status of each of the subsystems and displays a green, amber, red or grey circle beside each item.

The status of the system components and services is monitored by a Cobalt Networks utility called Active Monitor. For more information, see “Active Monitor” on page 77.

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To view the status of the various system components and services:

1. On the Server Management screen, click System Status on the left or Active Monitor at the bottom left. A table displays the status of the system components and the services.

• Green indicates correct functioning.

• Amber indicates a potential problem.

• Red indicates that a problem exists.

• Grey indicates that a component or service is inactive or that no

information is available yet.

2. Click on the name (shown as a hypertext link) of the system component or service to display more detailed information.

3. Click Back to return to the previous screen.

System components

Central processing unit (CPU)

The CPU Usage chart provides a real-time chart of CPU load. It indicates the number of tasks waiting to be executed. This chart helps you evaluate whether the RaQ 3’s CPU is being used heavily or lightly.

Memory

The memory status chart tells you whether there is physical memory available. If you see a red light in this chart, you may want to add more memory to the RaQ 3.

Disk

A Disk Usage Summary describes the total disk space occupied by system ﬁles, by virtual sites and site users, the amount of free disk space left and the total size of the disk.

Network

The Network Usage chart displays the number of network packets successfully sent and received, the total number of errors when sending or receiving network packets, the number of network packets dropped after failure in sending or receiving, and the number of attempts to send several network packets at the same time (the number of collisions) on the Network 1 interface.

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Services

The Service Status section allows you to monitor Web, email, FTP, telnet, DNS and SNMP services. It follows the same LED conventions as the System Status section.

Web server

The Web server status chart displays the status of the Web server (green, amber, red or grey).

Email

The email status chart displays the status of the POP3 server, the IMAP4 server and the SMTP service. This chart indicates whether these servers are operating normally.

File transfer protocol (FTP)

The ﬁle transfer protocol (FTP) status chart displays the status of the FTP server’s operation (normal or otherwise).

Telnet

The telnet status chart displays the status of the telnet server’s operation (normal or otherwise).

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) status chart displays the status of the SNMP server’s operation (normal or otherwise).

Domain Name System

The DNS status chart denotes whether DNS is active and whether it is operating properly. For more information on DNS, see “Domain Name System” on page 149.

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Active Monitor

The RaQ 3 uses Active Monitor software. Active Monitor is a Cobalt Networks utility that runs on a RaQ 3 and updates key system information every 15 minutes.

Active Monitor checks:

• the status of the RaQ 3 (functioning, warning of failure, failed or inactive)

• the status of the services on the RaQ 3

Table 3 explains the colors of the the circles in Active Monitor.

To access Active Monitor, click Active Monitor or System Status on the Server Management screen. To view the details for a system component or service, click the name (shown as a hypertext link).

Table 3 Colors and status indicators

Color Status

Green Correct functioning

Yellow Advance warning of potential problems that

RaQ 3 Server Management

should be investigated by the RaQ 3 Administrator (for example, low disk space)

Red Failure

Grey Inactive or information is not yet available

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Site Management

There are three types of users on the RaQ 3: the RaQ 3 Administrator, Site Administrators and site users.

This chapter describes the functions that the Site Administrator normally performs. The Site Administrator accesses these functions from the Site Management screen on the RaQ 3. The Site Management screen has a green strip on the left side.

A Site Administrator can add or remove a site user, create a mailing list, manage disk space, back up and restore ﬁles and perform other virtual-site-related administrative tasks. (These functions can also be performed by the RaQ 3 Administrator; see “RaQ 3 Server Management” on page 31.)

A Site Administrator can manage a virtual site using any standard Web browser. To access the Site Management screen for your site, type the URL http://<sitename>/siteadmin/ into your browser. The RaQ 3 user interface (UI) promps you for your site administrator username and password.

Note: The Site Management screen can only be accessed using the fully qualiﬁed site name in the Web browser. The Site Management screen is not accessible if an incomplete or aliased site host name is speciﬁed.

To access the Site Management screen, click Site Management on the Server Management screen. The Site Management screen appears.

From this screen, you can access the Site Administrator functions; see Figure 27.

The User Management section appears when you ﬁrst access the Site Management screen. The User List displays the site users by user name in ascending order.

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The User List has ﬁve columns which display information about the each site user, and allow the RaQ 3 Administrator or Site Administrator to manage or remove a site.

• The ﬁrst column displays the full name of the site user.

• The second column displays the user name of the site user.

• The third column displays the email alias(es) of the site user.

• The fourth column displays icons to indicate which services are enabled (telnet/shell access, FrontPage Server Extensions or Secure POP3 [APOP]), to indicate that a site user is the Site Administrator, or to indicate that a site user is suspended.

• The ﬁfth column displays icons to manage a site user or the email settings for the site user, or to remove a site user.

For an explanation of the icons, see “Icons used on the UI and in the manual” on page 10.

To access a section of the Site Management screen, click the section button along the left side of the screen. These functions are described in the following sections.

Figure 27 Site management

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User management

The User Management section on the Site Management screen allows you to perform administrative functions related to site users: setting the site user defaults, adding or removing users; entering and modifying user names and passwords; managing users’ disk space allocations, telnet access and email aliases.

Setting defaults for a site user

Before assigning the default values for a site user, you must decide on the needs of your users.

Both the Site Administrator and the RaQ 3 Administrator can conﬁgure the site user default settings.

Figure 28 shows the screen for conﬁguring the default settings of a site user.

Figure 28 Default settings for a site user

Site Management

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To edit the default settings for a site user:

1. On the Site Management screen, click Set User Defaults.

2. Enter the information for the site. You can set the default value for

• the maximum allowed disk space (MB) available to a newly

created user for their file storage and Web pages

• the number of sites users to display at one time in the user list

on the screen

Note: If there are more site users on a virtual site than the value you enter here, navigation buttons for scrolling through the User List table become active at the top of the table.

• the format for generating user login names

— initial plus last name

— last name

— first name

You can also enable or disable services for telnet/shell access, FrontPage user Web and Secure POP3 (APOP), if the RaQ 3 Administrator has enabled them for the virtual site.

3. Click Save Changes.

Once you have conﬁgured the default settings, you can adjust the settings for each site user that you add.

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Adding a site user

You can add or remove users for a virtual site, and assign a Site Administrator for the site.

Caution: On the Site Management screen for the main site (for the main site, the trashcan icon is grayed-out, meaning that you cannot delete it), the user settings for the RaQ 3 Administrator can be modiﬁed, including name and password. Make sure you remember the RaQ 3 Administrator password. If you forget the password, see “Resetting the RaQ 3 Administrator password” on page 46 for instructions on resetting the password.

Figure 29 shows the screen for adding a site user or Site Administrator.

Figure 29 Adding a site user

Site Management

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To add a site user or Site Administrator:

1. On the Site Management screen, click Add User.

2. Enter the information for the site user.

Enter the site user’s name and password, set the allocation of total disk space for the user, enable telnet/shell access (if appropriate), make them a Site Administrator (if appropriate), enable FrontPage user Web (if appropriate) and enable Secure POP3 (APOP) (if appropriate).

You can also enter email aliases for this user. (For more information, see “Entering user email settings and aliases” on page 86.)

3. Click Conﬁrm New User.

Search and sort functions

The User List table offers a search function and a sort function. See Figure 27. These functions are useful if you have a large number of site users on your RaQ 3 and you want to restrict the display to certain site users.

You can search the list of site users according to the following criteria:

• by user name, full name or email alias

• whether the user name, full name or email alias is equal to the search string, is contained in the search string or is not contained in the search string

The screen regenerates and the results of the search are displayed in a table with the same ﬁve columns. The heading of the table now states “Search Results (<x> Users found). To return to the full list of site users, click User Management on the left.

Note: Suspended users are listed in the search results.

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You can sort the list of site users according to the following criteria:

• by full name, in ascending or descending order

• by user name, in ascending or descending order

Ascending order means from lowest value to the highest value (a–z or 1–9). Descending order means from highest value to the lowest value (z–a or 9–1). By default, the User List table is sorted by user name in ascending order.

The screen regenerates and the results are displayed in a table with the same ﬁve columns. In the heading of the column which has been sorted, a blue arrow icon points up (ascending order) or down (descending order). In the heading of the column which has not been sorted, a double-ended arrow indicates that the order for the column is random.

You can use the search and sort functions together to produce the display that you need. For example, you can search the list for all site users with “joe” in the full name, and sort the results of that search by email alias in ascending order.

To search the list of site users:

1. In the ﬁrst ﬁeld of the Search User List window, select “User Name”, “Full Name” or “Email Alias” from the pull-down menu.

2. In the second ﬁeld, select “is”, “contains” or “does not contain” from the pull-down menu.

3. In the third ﬁeld, enter the string of characters for which you want to search.

4. Click Search. The screen regenerates and displays the results in a table with the same ﬁve columns.

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To sort the list of site users:

1. To sort according to Full Name, click on the blue arrow icon in the heading of the Full Name column. To sort according to User Name, click on the blue arrow icon in the heading of the User Name column.

2. To sort in ascending (up arrow icon) or descending order (down arrown icon), click on the blue arrow icon so that it points in the correct direction.

3. The screen regenerates and displays the results in a table with the same ﬁve columns.

Removing a site user

To remove a site user:

1. In the User List table on the Site Management screen, locate the site user that you want to remove.

2. Click the brown trashcan icon next to the site user. A conﬁrmation dialog box appears.

3. Click OK to delete the site user’s account and ﬁles.

Entering user email settings and aliases

Mail Forwarding and Vacation Reply

Individual site users can choose to have their RaQ 3 email forwarded to another email account. Site users can also choose to enable a vacation-reply message that is automatically sent to each person who sends the user an email. This feature is useful when users know they will not be reading or responding to incoming email messages for a period of time.

As the Site Administrator, you can enter these email settings for site users (at their request) as described in “Changing user settings” on page 88.

Note: A vacation-reply email is sent only once per week to each sender.

Cobalt Digital Inc RaQ 3 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Important Safeguards

Contents

General

Cobalt Developer Network

Organization of the user manual

Figure 3 Server Management screen

Figure 4 Site Management screen

List of chapters and appendices

Icons used on the UI and in the manual

Customer Service and Technical Support

General Cobalt information

Cobalt Technical Support and Service

Further information

Before contacting Cobalt Networks Technical Support

To speed up your support call

Support tools feature

Cobalt logo badge

Phase 1: Making the connection

Connecting to the network

Figure 8 Network connectors

Connecting the power cord

Figure 9 LCD console

Phase 2: Setting up with the Web browser

Figure 11 Setup Wizard (part 1 of 2)

Entering the network settings

Entering the administrator settings

Entering the service settings

Figure 12 Setup Wizard (Part 2 of 2))

Entering the time settings

Figure 13 Online registration page

Registering online at a later time

Site management

Figure 15 List of virtual sites in the Site Management section

Search and sort functions

Overview of virtual sites

Output bandwidth management

Setting defaults for a virtual site

Figure 16 Default settings for a virtual site

Adding a virtual site

Figure 17 Adding a virtual site

Adding a name-based virtual site

Removing a virtual site

Control panel

Services

Figure 18 Service Settings table

Web server

Email server

SMTP server

Figure 19 Email Parameters table

Email relaying

File transfer protocol (FTP) server

Telnet server

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent

Domain Name System (DNS) server

Network

Figure 20 Settings tables in the Network section

Time

Maintenance

Backup

Manual backup

Figure 21 File Backup table

Scheduled backup

Figure 22 Scheduled File Backup table

Restore

Figure 23 File Restore table

Install software

Figure 24 Install Software table

Third-party software

Add-on storage support

Figure 25 Available Storage table

Suspend a virtual site

Hard suspension

Reboot

Shutdown

Support tools

Site Usage