CleaverBrooks FLX-400, FLX-450, FLX-500, FLX-600, FLX-550 Operation, Service And Parts Manual

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MODEL

PACKAGED BOILER

1,500,000 to 12,000,000 Btu/hr

Hot Water and Steam

Fuel: Light Oil, Gas or Combination

FLX

Manual Part No. 750-177 R6

5/2014

MODEL FLX

PACKAGED BOILER

Operation, Service, and Parts Manual

1,500,000 to 12,000,000 Btu/hr

Fuel: Light Oil, Gas or Combination

 Cleaver-Brooks 2014

Please direct purchase orders for replacement manuals to your local Cleaver-Brooks authorized representative

Manual Part No. 750-177 R6 Revised 5/2014

Printed in U.S.A.

WARNING

DANGER

DO NOT OPERATE, SERVICE, OR REPAIR THIS EQUIPMENT UNLESS YOU FULLY UNDERSTAND ALL APPLICABLE SECTIONS OF THIS MANUAL.

DO NOT ALLOW OTHERS TO OPERA TE, SERVICE, OR REP AIR THIS EQUIPMENT UNLESS THEY FULL Y UNDERSTAND ALL APPLICABLE SECTIONS OF THIS MANUAL.

FAILURE TO FOLLOW ALL APPLICABLE WARNINGS AND INSTRUCTIONS MAY RESULT IN SEVERE PERSONAL INJURY OR DEATH.

TO: Owners, Operators and/or Maintenance Personnel This operating manual presents information that will help to properly operate and care for the equipment. Study its contents

carefully. The unit will provide good service and continued operation if proper operating and maintenance instructions are fol lowed. No attempt should be made to operate the unit until the principles of operation and all of the components are thoroughly understood. Failure to follow all applicable instructions and warnings may result in severe personal injury or death.

It is the responsibility of the owner to train and advise not only his or her personnel, but the contractors' personnel who are servicing, repairing or operating the equipment, in all safety aspects.

Cleaver-Brooks equipment is designed and engineered to give long life and excellent service on the job. The electrical and mechanical devices supplied as part of the unit were chosen because of their known ability to perform; however, proper oper ating techniques and maintenance procedures must be followed at all times. Although these components afford a high degree of protection and safety, operation of equipment is not to be considered free from all dangers and hazards inherent in handling and firing of fuel.

Any "automatic" features included in the design do not relieve the attendant of any responsibility. Such features merely free him of certain repetitive chores and give him more time to devote to the proper upkeep of equipment.

It is solely the operator’s responsibility to properly operate and maintain the equipment. No amount of written instructions can replace intelligent thinking and reasoning and this manual is not intended to relieve the operating personnel of the responsibility for proper operation. On the other hand, a thorough understanding of this manual is required before attempting to operate, main tain, service, or repair this equipment.

Because of state, local, or other applicable codes, there are a variety of electric controls and safety devices which vary considerably from one boiler to another. This manual contains information designed to show how a basic burner operates.

Operating controls will normally function for long periods of time and we have found that some operators become lax in their daily or monthly testing, assuming that normal operation will continue indefinitely. Malfunctions of controls lead to uneconomical operation and damage and, in most cases, these conditions can be traced directly to carelessness and deficiencies in testing and maintenance.

It is recommended that a boiler room log or record be maintained. Recording of daily, weekly , monthly and yearly maintenance activities and recording of any unusual operation will serve as a valuable guide to any necessary investigation.

Most instances of major boiler damage are the result of operation with low water. We cannot emphasize too strongly the need for the operator to periodically check his low water controls and to follow good maintenance and testing practices. Cross-con necting piping to low water devices must be internally inspected periodically to guard against any stoppages which could obstruct the free flow of water to the low water devices. Float bowls of these controls must be inspected frequently to check for the presence of foreign substances that would impede float ball movement.

The waterside condition of the pressure vessel is of extreme importance. W aterside surfaces should be inspected frequently to check for the presence of any mud, sludge, scale or corrosion.

The services of a qualified water treating company or a water consultant to recommend the proper boiler water treating practices are essential.

The operation of this equipment by the owner and his or her operating personnel must comply with all requirements or regulations of his insurance company and/or other authority having jurisdiction. In the event of any conflict or inconsistency between such requirements and the warnings or instructions contained herein, please contact Cleaver-Brooks before proceeding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1

Basics of Flexible Watertube Operation

A. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

B. The Boiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

C. Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

D. Steam Controls (All Fuels) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

E. Hot Water Controls (All Fuels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

Chapter 2

ProFire™ V Burner

A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

B. Firing Head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

C. Oil System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

D. Gas System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

E. Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9

F. Startup and Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19

G. Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26

H. Gas System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-34

I. Oil System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-37

J. Combination Gas-Oil System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-39

K. Modulation Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-40

L. Air and Fuel Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-42

M. Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-43

N. Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-50

O. Burner Specs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-53

Chapter 3

Pressure Vessel Care

A. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

B. Water Requirements (Hot Water Boilers) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

C. Water Requirements (Steam Boilers) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

D. Water Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

E. Blowdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

F. Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

G. Boilout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

H. Washing Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

I. Periodic Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

J. Preparation For Extended Layup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Chapter 4

Sequence Of Operation

A. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

B. Circuit And Interlock Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

C. Sequence Of Operation - Oil Or Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

D. Flame Loss Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

Chapter 5

Adjustment Procedures

A. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

B. Linkage - Modulating Motor & Air Damper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

C. Modulating Motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

D. Modulating Motor Switches - Low Fire and High Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

E. Burner Operating Controls - General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

F. Modulating Pressure Control (Steam) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

G. Operating Limit Pressure Control (Steam) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

H. High Limit Pressure Control (Steam) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

I. Modulating Temperature Control (Hot Water) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

J. Operating Limit Temperature Control (Hot Water) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

K. High Limit Temperature Control (Hot Water) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

L. Low Water Cutoff Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

M. Combustion Air Proving Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

N. Gas Pilot Flame Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7

O. Gas Pressure and Flow Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7

P. Gas Fuel Combustion Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

Q. Low Gas Pressure Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9

R. High Gas Pressure Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10

S. Fuel Oil Pressure and Temperature - General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10

T. Fuel Oil Combustion Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12

U. Low Oil Pressure Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12

Chapter 6

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

iii

Chapter 7

Inspection And Maintenance

A. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

B. Periodic Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

C. Fireside Cleaning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

D. Upper Pass Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

E. Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4

F. Oil Burner Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6

G. Gas Burner Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7

H. Refractory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7

I. Casing Seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7

Chapter 8

Parts

Casing HW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

Casing Low Pressure Steam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4

Casing High Pressure Steam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6

Steam Pressure Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8

Water Level Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9

Water Column, Main and Aux. - 15# Steam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11

Water Column, Main and Aux. - 150# Steam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12

Safety Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13

CHAPTER 1

DANGER

CAUTION

The care taken in placing the boiler into initial service is vital to continuous, reliable operation. If the boiler is to be used for temporary heat (for example in new construction), properly treated water must be used. Failure to do so can be detrimental to the boiler.

Figure 1-1: FLX cutaway view

General Description

D. Steam Controls (All Fuels) 1-2

E. Hot Water Controls (All Fuels) 1-4

A. General

This manual covers Cleaver-Brooks Model FLX boilers in sizes ranging from 1,500,000 to 12,000,000 Btu/hr input.

Fuel Series

700 - Gas 100 - No.2 0il 200 - Combination Gas & No.2 Oil

A. General 1-1

B. The Boiler 1-2

C. Construction 1-2

Design Pressure

160 psig hot water 15 psig steam 150 psig steam

750-177 1-1

Chapter 1 General Description

Always order genuine Cleaver-Brooks parts from your local Cleaver-Brooks authorized representative.

DANGER

CAUTION

B. The Boiler

The Cleaver-Brooks Model FLX is a five-pass steel boiler with flexible watertubes formed and arranged so as to direct the flow of combustion gases through the boiler. The pressure vessel conforms to Section I or IV of the ASME code. The pressure vessel consists of the formed tubes, the external downcomer, and the top and bottom drums to which they connect. The heated area of the pressure vessel is contained within a gas tight insulated casing that is composed of removable formed steel panels.

The boiler and related equipment installation are to be in compliance with the standards of of Fire Underwriters. Installation should also conform to state and local codes governing such equipment. Prior to installation, the proper authorities having jurisdiction are to be consulted, permits obtained, etc. All boilers comply, when equipped with optional equipment, to Industrial Risk Insurers (IRI), Factory Mutual (FM), or other insuring underwriters requirements.

The Model FLX boiler is a packaged watertube boiler of welded steel construction and consists of a pressure vessel, burner, burner controls, forced draft fan, damper, refractory, and appropriate boiler trim.

the National Board

Steam

Steam boilers are designed for low and high pressure applications. design pressure, and are typically used for heating applications. High pressure boilers are limited to 150 psig design pressure, and are typically used for process steam applications.

Low pressure boilers are limited to 15 psig

ABC

EFG

Hot Water

Hot water is commonly used in heating applications with

the boiler supplying water to the system at 180 F

to 220 F. The operating pressure for hot water heating systems usually is 30 psig to 125 psig.

Steam and hot water boilers are defined according to design pressure and operating pressure. Des

ign pressure is the maximum pressure used in the design of the boiler for the purpose of calculating the minimum permissible thickness or physical characteristics of the pressure vessel parts of the boiler. Typically, the safety valves are set at or below design pressure. Operating pressure is the pressure of the boiler at which it normally operates. The operating pressure usually is maintained at a suitable level below the setting of the pressure relieving valve(s) to prevent their frequent opening during normal operation.

The type of service that your boiler is required to provide has an

important bearing on the amount of waterside

care it will require.

Waterside care is of prime importance. For specific information or assistance with your water treatment requirements, contact your Cleaver- Brooks service and parts representa tive. Failure t o follow

hese instructions could result in equipment damage.

Feedwater equipment should be ready for use upon installation of the boiler. Be sure that all valves, piping, boiler feed pumps, and receivers are installed in accordance with prevailing codes and practices.

The careful observance of water requirements for both stea

m and hot water boilers is essential. Constant attention to water requirements will pay dividends in the form of longer life, less down-time, and prevention of costly repairs.

Care taken in placing the pressur

e vessel into initial service is vital. The waterside of new boilers and new or remodeled steam or hot water systems may contain oil, grease or other foreign matter. A method of boiling out the vessel to remove accumulations is described in Chapter 3. The operator should be familiar with this chapter before attempting to place the unit into operation.

1-2 750-177

General Description Chapter 1

Figure 2-2: Steam Controls

4,5

DANGER

CAUTION

C. Construction

Steam boilers designed for 15 psig and hot water boilers designed for 250F at 160 psi or less are constructed in accordance with Section IV, Heating Boilers, of ASME Code. Steam boilers designed for 150 psig are constructed in accordance with Section I, Power Boilers, of the ASME Code.

D. Steam Controls (All Fuels)

1. High Limit Pressure Control: Breaks a circuit to stop burner operation on a rise of pressure above a selected setting. It is adjusted to stop the burner at a preselected pressure above the operating limit control setting. The high limit pressure control is equipped with a manual reset.

2. Operating Limit Pressure Control: Breaks a circuit to stop burner operation on at a selected setting. It is adjusted to stop or start the burner at a preselected pressure setting.

3. Modulating Limit Pressure Control: Senses changing b information to the modulating motor to change the burner firing rate when the manual-automatic switch is set on “automatic.”

oiler pressures and transmits the

a rise of boiler pressure

4. Low Water Cutoff and Pump Control: Floatoperated control boiler. It performs two distinct functions:

• Stops firing of the burner if water level lowers

low the safe operating point. Energizes the low-

be water light in the control panel; also causes low-water alarm bell (optional equipment) to ring. Code requirements of some models require a manual reset type of low-water cutoff.

• Starts and stops the feedwater pump (if used) to maintain water at the proper operating level.

Determine that the main and auxiliary low water cutof fs and pump control are level a fter installation and throughout the equipment’s operating life. Failure to follow these instructions could result in equipment damage.

5. Water Column Assembly: Houses the low-water cutoff and pump control and includes the water gauge glass and

6. Water Column Drain Valve: Provided so that the water column and

7. Gauge Glass Drain Valve: Provide

gauge glass shutoff cocks.

maintaining cross-connecting piping and in keeping the float bowl clean and free of sediment. A similar drain valve is furnished with auxiliary low-water cutoff for the same purpose.

responds to the water level in the

its piping can be flushed regularly to assist in

d to flush the gauge glass.

750-177 1-3

Chapter 1 General Description

DISCHARGE OPENING MUST BE EQUAL TO OR LARGER THAN INLET

CAUTION VENT PIPE MUST NOT TOUCH DRIP PAN EXTENSION

SUPPORT FROM BUILDING

CONSTRUCTION

VENT

DRIP PAN

EXTENSION

DRIP PAN

AND ELBOW

DRIP PAN

DRAIN

VENT PIPE

OPEN DRAIN

TO WASTE

BOILER SHELL

SAFETY VALVE

DRIP ELL DRAIN

WATER L EVE L

NOTICE: BACK-PRESSURE OF STEAM EXHAUST SYSTEM MUST BE LESS THAN 6% OF SAFETY VALVE SETTING.

TO STEAM

1 1/2”

MIN.

Figure 2-3: Recommended piping for steam relief

valve (not furnished by Cleaver-Brooks)

DANGER

WARNING

Figure 2-4: Hot Water Controls

8. Safety Valve(s): Prevent buildup over the design pressure of the pressure vessel. The size, rating and number of valves on a boiler is determined by the ASME Boiler Code. The safety valves and the discharge piping are to be installed to conform to the ASME code requirements. The installation of a valve is of primary importance to its service life. A valve must be mounted in a vertical position so that discharge piping and code-required drains can be properly piped to prevent buildup of back pressure and accumulation of foreign material around the valve seat area. Apply only a moderate amount of pipe compound to male threads and avoid overtightening, which can distort the seats. Use only flat-jawed wrenches on the flats provided. When installing a flange-connected valve, use a new gasket and draw the mounting bolts down evenly. Do not install or remove side outlet valves by using a pipe or wrench in the outlet.

Only properly certified personnel such as the safety valve manufacturer’s certified representative can adjust or repair the boiler safety valves. Failure to follow these instructions could result in serious personal injury or death

E. Hot Water Controls (All Fuels)

1. Water Temperature Gauge: Indicates the boiler internal water pressure.

2. Water Pressure Gauge: Indicates the internal pressure of the

3. High Limit Temperature Control: Breaks a circuit to stop bu selected setting. It is adjusted to stop burner at a preselected temperature above the operating control setting. The high limit temperature control is

rner operation on a rise of temperature at a

equipped with a manual reset.

4. Operating Limit Temperature Control: Breaks a

cuit to stop burner operation on a rise of boiler

cir temperature at a selected setting. It is adjusted to stop or start the burner at a preselected operating temperature.

5. Modulating Temperature Control: Senses changing boiler

water temperature and transmits the information to the modulating motor to change the burner firing rate when the manual-automatic switch is set on “automatic.”

6. Low Water Cutoff: Breaks the circuit to s point, activating low-water light and optional alarm bell if burner is so equipped.

boiler.

top burner operation if the water level in the boiler drops below safe operating

1-4 750-177

General Description Chapter 1

DANGER

WARNING

7. Auxiliary Low Water Cutoff (Not Shown) (Optional): Breaks the circuit to stop burner operation if the water level in the boiler drops below the master low-water cutoff point.

Only properly certified personnel such as the relief valve manufacturer’s certified representative can adjust or repair the boiler relief valves. Failure to follow these instructions could result in serious personal injury or death.

750-177 1-5

Chapter 1 General Description

1-6 750-177

A. Introduction

DANGER

CAUTION

CHAPTER 2

Profire V Burner

A. Introduction 2-1

B. Firing Head 2-4

C. Oil System 2-4

D. Gas System 2-7

E. Installation 2-9

F. Startup and Operation 2-19

G. Adjustments 2-26

H. Gas System 2-34

I. Oil System 2-37

J. Combination Gas-Oil System 2-39

K. Modulation Control 2-40

L. Air and Fuel Controls 2-42

M. Maintenance 2-43

N. Troubleshooting 2-50

O. Burner Specs 2-53

V series burners are assembled, wired, and tested at the factory. They are listed by the Underwriters Laboratory (UL), CSD-1, NFPA-85, Factory Mutual (FM), including the National Electrical Code (NEC), and associated insurance underwriters. Where applicable, the Canadian Gas Association (CGA) B149 and the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) B140 codes shall prevail. Other regulatory agency control options are available.

ONLY FACTORY AUTHORIZED BURNER SERVICE PERSONNEL SHOULD START UP, ADJUST, OR SER

DESCRIPTION

The V series burners are designed to operate with natural gas and automatic, unattended operation except for periodic inspection and maintenance. The burner and control panel components require little attention except for occasional cleaning.

Model FLX boilers 150-1200 MBTU use the following size burners:

SIZE 1 - FLX 150-300 (Low-High-Low or Full Modulation) SIZE 2 - FLX 350-550 (Low-High-Low or Full Modulation) SIZE 3 - FLX 600 (Low-High-Low SIZE 3 & 4 - FLX 700-1200 (Full Modulation)

VICE THIS EQUIPMENT.

light oil. The burners are designed for

or Full Modulation)

750-177 2-1

2-1

Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

OPERATING CONTROLS - PANEL

The burner control panel may be integral to the burner or remote, and contains: a flame safeguard programming control, motor relays (starters), and terminal strips mounted internally on a panel subbase.Lights, switches, and a control circuit breaker are mounted externally on the panel.

The following table lists typical panel items. Some or all of the items may be provided depending on the burner configuration selected.

1. ON-OFF BURNER SWITCH

2. FUEL SELECTOR SWITCH - Gas-Off-Oil

Gas position: Selects gas as the firing fuel Off position: Burner off Oil position: Selects oil as the firing fuel

3. CONTROL CIRCUIT BREAKER

Supplementary low overcurrent protection only. No larger than 15 amps.

4. AUTO-MANUAL MODULATION SELECTOR SWITCH

Auto position: Selects boiler modulation control. In this position, the burner will operate automatically in response to load demand. Manual position: Selects 135 ohm potentiometer for manual modulating control.

5. MANUAL MODULATING CONTROL - 135 ohm (full modulation burners only) increases or decreases the burner

firing rate.

6. SIGNAL LAMPS

a) LOAD DEMAND (white): Illuminates when the control circuit is energized (powered).

b) LOW WATER (red): Illuminates when the water level in the boiler gets too low.

c) FUEL VALVE (green): Illuminates when the main fuel valve or valves (gas or oil) are energized (open).

d) FLAME FAILURE (red): Illuminates when the flame safeguard system fails to detect pilot or main flame.

ABC

EFG

FLAME SAFEGUARD CONTROLS

The flame safeguard controls the burner's operating sequence: pre-purge, trial for ignition, main flame and

shutdown. This safety control also includes flame detection system to confirm proper operation or cause a manual reset lockout in the event of a pilot or main flame failure. External controls connected to the flame control's limit circuit, such as the boiler operating control, will trigger normal burner startup, and upon reaching operating set point, normal burner shutdown. Safety devices in the flame control's running interlock circuit, such as the combustion air switch, will cause an immediate safety shut down if conditions are not correct for safe operation.

When a parallel positioning system is furnished, the flame safeguard may be incorporated as an integral component to the parallel positioning control. Consult boiler controls documentation. If using a C-B Hawk control system refer to manual 750-366 (Hawk 1000) or 750-342 (Hawk 4000) and to the flame safeguard manual 750-234 (CB780E) or 750-264 (CB120).

FIRING RATE CONTROLS

LHL burners use a two position actuator and linkage to control the air and gaseous fuels (oil burners control oil flow with electric valves). At startup fire, the air damper and fuel valves are positioned for stable low fire operation. When the actuator is commanded to its second position, the linkage drives the air damper and fuel val ves o p e n u nti l h igh f ire is reached. LHL burners typically use a boiler-mounted control that keeps the burner at its low fire rate to prevent thermal shock, until conditions are suitable for high fire.

Full modulation burners are capable of firing at any rate between the burner's low and high fire limits. For “single point” modulating systems, a single rotary actuator controls both air and fuel volume via control arms and linkage attached to its shaft. As the actuator rotates from low to high fire, the linkage opens the air damper

2-2 750-177

Profire V Burner Chapter 2

and fuel metering valves increase the firing rate. Optional “CAM” trim provides additional precision to the air/ fuel mix with the use of several discrete set point adjustments across the modulation range. Further combustion efficiency may be achieved with the use of parallel positioning controls which use multiple directly-coupled actuators (linkeageless) to position the air damper, fuel metering valves and, if applicable, flue gas recirculation (FGR) across the modulation range.

COMBUSTION AIR HANDLING SYSTEM

1. MOTOR AND BLOWER

The impeller is directly driven by the motor at 3450 rpm.

2. AIR VOLUME REGULATOR

Air dampers are located in the air inlet housing and mechanically linked to the modulating motor.

3. COMBUSTION AIR PROVING SWITCH

A pressure sensitive, differential switch actuated by air pressure created by the blower fan. Contacts close to prove combustion air flow.

4. DIFFUSER

Contained by the burner’s firing head, an air flow diffuser shapes combustion air flow and improves flame stability.

When determining boiler room air requirements, the size of

the room, air flow, and velocity of air must be

reviewed as follows (fpm = feet per minute; cfm = cubic feet per minute):

Two (2) permanent air supply openings in the outer walls of the boi ommended. Locate one (1) at each end of the boiler room, preferably 7 foot or lower. This allows air to sweep the length of the boiler.

A boiler room vent fan is not recommended. Under cer can cause a light vacuum and “steal” combustion air from the burner resulting in

Size (area) and location of air supply openings in boiler room:

Amount of air required (cfm): Combustion Air = Rated bhp x 8 cfm/bhp.

Acceptable air velocity in Boiler Room (fpm):

unsatisfactory combustion performance.

A vent fan in the boiler room is not recommended, as it could create a light vacuum under certain conditions and cause variations in the volume of combustion air. This can result in unsatisfactory burner performance.

Under no condition should the total (1)square foot.

Size the openings by using the formula:

Ventilation Air = Maximum bhp x 2 cfm/bhp.

Total recommended air = 10 cfm/bhp – up to 1000 feet elevation. Add 3% more per 100

From floor to (7) foot height – 250 fpm

Above (7) foot height – 500 fpm

0 feet of added elevation.

area of the air supply openings be less than

Area (sq-ft) = cfm/fpm

ler room are rec-

tain conditions, these fans

Example: Determine the area of the boiler room air supply openings for one (1) 300 hp boiler at 800 feet altitude. The air openings are to be 5 feet above floor level.

1.Air required: 300 x 10 = 3000 cfm

2.Air velocity: Up to 7 feet - 250 fpm

3.Area required: Area = cfm = 3000/250 = 12 sq-ft total

4.Area/Opening: 12/2 = 6 sq-f

750-177 2-3

t/opening (2 required)

Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

RADIAL GAS SPUDS

CHOKE RING

MOUNTING FLANGE

AIR BAFFLE

GAS MANIFOLD

NOZZLE BODY

AND TIP

DIFFUSER

B. FIRING HEAD

Two side access covers provide access to the firing head internal components. Figure 2-1 shows a a radial spud firing head typically used on watertube applications

Figure 2-1: Profire V firing head

C. OIL SYSTEM

The V series burners pump high pressure fuel oil to the spray nozzle resulting in combustion-ready finely atomized oil spray.

Oil System Components

Fuel Unit Standard V13-55 have an oil pump flex-coupled to the blower motor; these units may be

optionally equipped with a remote pump.The larger V60-168 use a remote pump with separate motor.

Oil Nozzle Pump pressurized oil discharges from the nozzle in a fine conical spray pattern. The burner's

nozzle is sized to provide the burner's high fire rate, rated gallons per hour (gph). Smaller gph nozzles may be used to match burner output to a heat exchanger's required input. Models V1334 are supplied with simplex nozzles (return flow nozzles optional on V25-34). Models V35168 are supplied with return flow nozzles.

Nozzle Adapter A nozzle adapter provides the means for connecting fuel lines with the nozzle.

Oil Solenoid Valves Two normally closed (N.C.) and one normally open (N.O

tem on LHO and LHL burners. The two the one N.O. valve cycles the burner to high fire when closed.

Oil Metering Valve The firing rate is controll

metering valve is open, and is closed at high fire.

ed by an adjustable metering valve in the return line. At low fire, the

(2) N.C. valves provide positive shutoff of fuel oil while

Oil Filter The oil filter prevents foreign matter from entering the

as an option and shipped loose with the burner.

.) solenoid valves are part of the oil sys-

burner oil system. This item is provided

2-4 750-177

Profire V Burner Chapter 2

MODULATING

MOTOR

FUEL UNIT

PRESSURE TAP

FUEL UNIT

OIL

METERING

VALVE

OIL

NOZZLE

OIL RETURN

TO TANK

OIL PRESSURE SWITCH

OIL SUPPLY

656-10211-000

OPERATION: Fuel oil is delivered to the fuel pump, either by gravity, fuel pump suction, or by a circulating pump, through a fuel oil filter. Pressurized fuel returns to the storage tank until the two solenoid valves open. Straight oil burners (VL13-55) employ direct spark ignition where the oil is ignited when the oil solenoid valves open and the spray contacts the electrical discharge from the direct spark electrodes.

Gas-oil VLG burners use a proven gas pilot where the oil is ignited when the oil so

lenoid valves open and the

oil spray contacts the established gas pilot flame.

On full modulation units, the modulating actuator varies the oil metering valve

setting. The metering valve located in the return oil loop reduces the firing rate by opening and allowing more oil to return to the supply tank. Conversely, at high fire, the valve is closed, forcing all oil to exit the spray nozzle.

On LHL units, bypass piping routes most

of the oil back to the storage tank while at low fire. At high fire, a

valve blocks the return loop and forces all the oil through the nozzle.

Figure 2-2: Full Modulation Oil System with Integral Pump & Simplex Nozzle (V13-34)

750-177 2-5

FUEL UNIT

OIL RETURN

TO TANK

OIL NOZZLE

OIL

METERING

VALVE

FUEL UNIT PRESSURE TAP

N.C. VALVES

NODULATING

MOTOR

FUEL UNIT

PRESSURE TAP

OIL SUPPLY

656-10211-000

Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

OIL

NOZZLE

OIL PRESSURE SWITCH

N.C. VALVES

FUEL UNIT PRESSURE TAP

MODULATING MOTOR

OIL RETURN TO TANK

OIL

SUPPLY

OIL

METERING

VALVE

REMOTE FUEL UNIT

OIL SUPPLY TO NOZZLE

656-10211-000

Figure 2-3: Full Modulation Oil System with Integral Pump & Return Flow Nozzle (V13-55)

Figure 2-4: Full Modulation Oil System with a Remote Pump (V60-168)

2-6 750-177

Profire V Burner Chapter 2

D. GAS SYSTEM

Gas is introduced into the combustion zone from a circular manifold through multiple ports in the manifold.Firing rate is determined by the size and number of ports, by manifold pressure, and by combustion zone pressure. The firing rate is regulated by a rotary, butterfly-type throttling valve at the manifold inlet. The valve is actuated by adjustable linkage from the modulating motor. Depending upon specific requirements, one or two gas safety shutoff valves are provided for installation in the gas train upstream of the butterfly valve. Safety shutoff gas valves are wired into the programming control to automatically open and close at the proper time in the operating sequence.

MAIN GAS TRAIN COMPONENTS

Depending upon the requirements of the regulating authority

, the gas control system and gas train mayconsist of

some, or all, of the following items:

Gas Volume Valve The butterfly type valve is positioned by linkage from the modulating motor and controls the gas flow rate.

Main Gas Valves Electrically operated safety shutoff v

ers include:

• Models V13-25: diaphragm gas valve & sol

• Models V30-50: one (1) motorized gas valve w/proof of closure or two (2) safety shutoff valves

• Models V55-120: one (1) motorized gas valve w/proof of closure and one (1) safety shutoff valve

• Models V126-168: two (2) motorized gas valves (two moto on all models)

Main Gas Regulator Regulates gas train pressure to specified pressure required at the

pressure regulator adjustment.

Main Gas Cocks Used for manual shutoff of the gas su

downstream of the main gas valve(s) provides a means of testing for leakage through the gas valve(s).

High Gas Pressure Switch (Mo

dels V30-168)

Low Gas Pressure Switch (Mo

dels V30-168)

A pressure actuated switch that remains closed when gas pressure is below a selected setting. Should the pressure rise above the setting, the switch contacts will open causing the main gas valve(s) to close. This switch requires manual reset after being tripped.

A pressure actuated switch that remains closed when gas pressure is above a selected setting. Should the pressure drop below this setting, the switch contacts will open, causing main gas valve(s) to close. This switch requires manual reset after being tripped.

alve(s) that open to admit gas to the burner.lowfire Standard UL burn-

enoid valve

rized gas valves can be optionally provided

burner manifold.Input is set by main gas

pply upstream of the pressure regulator. A second shutoff cock

OPERATION: Metered gas flows through the main gas shutoff cock, through the pressure regulator to the automatic gas valves and butterfly valve to the gas manifold.

The butterfly gas valve modulates flow to burner input demand

. The butterfly valve is positioned through mechanical

linkage by the modulating motor. The air control damper is positioned simultaneously by the modulating motor.

The automatic gas valve(s) cannot be energized unles

s the combustion air proving switch is closed. The low and high

gas pressure switches must be closed to prove proper gas pressure.

A normally open vent valve, if required, is located between the

two automatic gas valves. This valve is shut when the automatic gas valves are open. When the automatic valves are closed, the vent valve is open for venting gas to the outside, should any be present.

750-177 2-7

Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

Figure 2-5: Typical Gas Train for Full Modulation System (V13-34)

Figure 2-6: Typical Gas Train for LHO/LHL Systems (V35-63) & Full Modulation Systems (V35-168)

2-8 750-177

Profire V Burner Chapter 2

14.18

1.00WITHIN

ELECTRODE END

TUBE END

TIP TO TUBE GAP OF .16"

GAS PILOT

TO GAS PILOT

REGULATOR

PILOT

VALVE

PILOT

SHUTOFF

COCK

GAS FLOW

PILOT TRAIN

DANGER

CAUTION

DANGER

WARNING

PILOT GAS TRAIN COMPONENTS

Models VL 60-168 as well as all VG and VLG models are supp

lied with a gas pilot system. Oil only models VL 13-55

are supplied with direct spark ignition.

Gas Pilot Valve A solenoid valve that opens during the ignition period to admit fuel to the pilot. It closes

after main flame is established.

Gas Pressure Regulator Reduces gas pressure to that required by the pilot.

Gas Pilot Shutoff Cock For manually closing the pilot gas supply.

Figure 2-7: Pilot train / Pilot assembly

E. Installation

DRAFT CONDITIONS

A boiler or other heating vessel fired with a V series burner does not depend air. Combustion air is supplied by the burner forced draft blower providing adequate air for any normal combustion condition. Since draft control is essential to maximum efficiency, a draft regulator maybe required when the vessel is connected to a tall stack or where wind conditions may cause erratic draft.Excessive furnace draft contributes to inefficient burner operation. Sealed boilers may be operated under positive firebox pressure within the capability of the burner.

COMBUSTION AIR SUPPLY

The space in which the burner operates m

ust be supplied with adequate fresh air for combustion and ventilation purposes. Fresh air supply must meet or exceed all code requirements. Consult with insurance carrier and/or local authorities for specific regulations.

THE BOILER ROOM PRESSURE MUST BE AT LEAST EQUAL TO THE OUTDOOR ATMOSHERIC PRESSURE. WHERE FAN

R EXHAUST AIR FROM THE BOILER

VENTILATION IS USED, AIR MUST BE FORCED INTO THE BOILER ROOM. NEVE ROOM. ADJOINING AREAS HAVING EXHAUST FANS MUST BE POSITIVELY ISOLATED FROM THE BOILER ROOM.

on chimney draft for proper combustion

750-177 2-9

Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

OIL PIPING

The oil only (VL) and gas-oil (VLG) model burners use pressure

atomization. Fuel oil is provided by a burner mounted fuel pump directly coupled to the blower motor via a flexible coupling for models V13-55. A remote pump is used for models V60-168. The suction and return line sizes (two-pipe system) are based on the suction rate of the fuel pump and not the burner firing rate. Pipe size must be selected so that suction vacuum is within suitable limits.

A two-pipe system is essential. The suction and return between the

storage tank or supply source and the burner must be sized to supply the required quantity of oil circulated, including excess oil returned to the storage tank.

Suction Line Sizing

The suction load is determined by:

• The vertical lift from the oil level in the tank to the pump.

• Pressure drop through valves, fittings, strainers, etc.

• The friction loss due to oil flow. This loss varies with:

a. Quantity of oil pumped (gph). b. Length of suction line (feet). c. Diameter of the suction line. d. Number of fittings.

Although the gear type pumps used on the V series burners are capable of developing higher suction, it is not desirable to operate above 15 inches of mercury vacuum. If the vacuum is greater, flow may be erratic.

Refer to the manufacturer’s table for line sizing.

1. Check suction capacity.

2. Measure total pipe length (horizontal and vertical).

3. Read up from line “total feet of copper tube” to the intersection line of the sp

4. Read left to column “inches of vacuum at fuel unit.” This is vacuum required to draw oil through pipe listed at given length.

5. Add 1” of vacuum for ever

6. Total inches of vacuum (frictional tube loss plus lift).

7. If total exceeds 15”, check next larger pipe si

y foot of lift.

ze.

ecific “suction capacity” in gph.

Return Line Sizing

Generally, the return line should be sized the same as the suction line.

Two Pipe - Multiple Burner System

Several options exist for a multiple burner installation. Figure 2-8 is a typical installation showing separate su

ction lines for each burner with a common return line.

Figure 2-9 shows multiple burners with separate suction li

nes. Figure 2-10 shows multiple burners with oil supplied by a transfer pump. The circulating pump is sized in this case for the total suction capacity of all burners. Note that a special pressure regulating valve is required if the fuel unit inlet pressure is above 3 psi.

Figure 2-11 shows an installation using a day tank. A

Figure 2-12 shows a flooded loop system. The circulating pump

pump supplies oil to the day tank.

is sized according to the maximum burner

firing rate for all burner plus a 30% service factor. The burner return lines feed into the common supply line.

Notice: C-B recommends that all oil firing burners be equipped with an oil strainer (if not included with the burner) to prevent particles from clogging the nozzle. It is essential to follow the strainer manufacturer’s maintenance schedule to ensure proper filtration

2-10 750-177

Profire V Burner Chapter 2

Figure 2-8: Typical No. 2 Oil Loop Single Burner

Figure 2-9: Multiple Burners with Separate Sucti o n Li n es

750-177 2-11

Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

Figure 2-10: Typical Oil Loop for Multiple Burners with Transfer Pump

Figure 2-11: Typical Installation Using Day Tank

2-12 750-177

Profire V Burner Chapter 2

Figure 2-12: Typical Flooded Loop System

GAS PIPING

Refer to Figures 2-5 through 2-6 for typical gas piping arrangements.

Normally, the control train is ordered to su it a p ar ticular code or insurance regulation, such as UL/cUL, FM, or GAP. Gas service and house piping must supply the quantity of gas demanded by the unit at the pressure required at the burner gas train inlet.

All piping must be in strict accordance with applicable codes, ordinances, and re

gulations of the supplying utility. In the absence of other codes, piping should be in accordance with National Fuel Gas Code, NFPA No. 54, ANSI No. Z223-1.

Gas train components upstream of the butterfly valve

are shipped loose. These components should be mounted by the installer as close to the butterfly valve as practical. If a pre-piped and wired gas train is ordered, the components upstream of the first safety shutoff valve are shipped loose. These components should also be mounted by the installer.

Arrange gas piping at the burner so that

the burner is accessible for servicing without disassembly.The pilot gas train is supplied with the burner, and is factory installed. The gas pilot supply line must be connected upstream of the main gas regulator. If a reducing bushing is required between the house piping and the burner piping, it should be close to the burner shutoff valve.

The gas piping must be internally clean and free of foreign

material. Before using in service, a leak test must

be performed.

750-177 2-13

Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

DANGER

CAUTION

INSTALLATION CHECKLIST

1. All burners are carefully assembled and tested at the factory, but before being placed in service all connectors should again be checked for looseness caused during shipment.

Check:

a. Electrical terminals in the control panel and on all electrical components. b. Pipe fittings and unions. c. Tubing connections. d. Nuts, bolts, screws.

2. Open all necessary oil shutoff valves. Do not run pumps or fuel unit without oil.

3. Before connecting electrical current to any component, be sure the voltage is the same as that specified on component nameplates.

4. Before burner operation, be sure all motors are rotating in the proper direction.

5. Before firing, make sure the burner firing head and dry areas of the boiler are protected with refractory. The burner mounting flange must be properly sealed against the vessel front plate.

6. Make certain that the operator in charge is properly instructed in operation and maintenance procedures.

BEFORE OPENING THE MANUAL GAS SHUTOFF VALVES, READ THE REGULATOR INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. THE INSTRUCTIONS ARE IN THE REGULATOR BOX. FOLLOW THE MANUFACTURER RECOMMENDATIONS. OPEN SHUTOFF VALVE ON THE INLET SIDE OF THE REGULATOR SLOWLY AND CAREFULLY TO ALLOW INLET PRESSURE TO BUILD UP SLOWLY IN THE REGULATOR UNTIL IT IS FULLY PRESSURIZED. OPEJNING THE SHUTOFF VALVE QUICKLY WILL DAM AGE THE REGULATOR. DO NOT EXCEED THE REGULATOR PRESSURE RATINGS.

V BURNER FIRING MODES

Different modulation modes are available with the Profire V burner. The Model FLX will utilize one of the following:

Low - High -Low (60% damper purge).

Low - High -Low (open damper purge).

Full Modulation (open damper purge).

See following pages for operating descriptions of each firing mode.

2-14 750-177

Profire V Burner Chapter 2

LOW-HIGH-LOW MOD - LOW or 60% DAMPER PURGE

Combustion Air Gas Oil

Pressure Atomization: Two solenoid type

safety shut off oil valves initiate the flow of oil from the high pressure pump to the nozzle. The oil pump has a built in solenoid controlled two level pressure regulating system. Low and high flow rates are set on the pump based on pressure and the nozzle's flow rating.

COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION:

A two blade damper is controlled by a two position, spring return actuator with mechanical linkage. For 60% damper purge a mechanical stop is provided on the damper to ensure sufficient air flow is provided during prepurge. Power to drive the actuator is routed through a low/auto switch and a remote located modulating control. The actuator also contains a limit switch which is used to actuate the second stage of the oil supply system. (see oil at right).

Safety shut off valve(s) are provided to initiate the flow of gas. The primary is a diaphragm or motorized type valve which have delayed opening rates to prevent an "in rush" of gas. A butterfly type gas metering valve is linked directly to the damper actuator and provides gas flow metering during the drive to the high position. A manually adjusted gas regulator limits maximum firing rate.

Damper is in its closed or low

PRE-PURGE:

STARTUP, IGNITION:

RUN, MODULATE:

Operating Sequence

SHUT DOWN, POST-PURGE:

fire position. For 60% damper purge this would be against the mechanical stop.

Damper remains in its low fire starting position.

Damper is driven open in 30 seconds by the two position actuator. Low-High-Low burners will modulate from the low to high rate positions based on the signal from the modulating control and the selection of the low/auto switch.

Damper returns to its start position based on the 25 second closure speed of the mechanical actuator.

Valves are closed.

Valves open. To prevent a surge the primary gas valve opens at a slowed rate. Gas flow to the manifold is metered based on the butterfly valves low fire setting.

The gas valves remain in their open position. The actuator begins it's travel to the high fire position opening the gas metering valve. The burner will then modulate from low to high as described in the combustion air column.

On shut down all gas valves close within 1 second. The butterfly valve closes in 25 seconds with the two position actuator.

The pump is operational but the valves are closed. Oil is flowing through an internal relief valve and returning to the supply system.

Safety shut off valves open allowing oil to flow from pump to nozzle. Oil pressure at the nozzle is based on the pump's low pressure setting. Excess oil is flowing through an internal relief valve and returning to the supply system.

The safety shut-off oil valves remain open. The pump's solenoid is energized by the auxiliary switch within the damper actuator as it opens the air damper. Oil pressure is then increased based the pumps high pressure setting. The burner will then modulate from low to high as described in the combustion air column.

All valves immediately return to their startup or de-energized position. The oil pump is operating with post-purge, but oil is flowing through an internal relief valve and returning to the supply system.

For pumps without the internal dual pressure solenoid an external pressure relief valve and normally open solenoid valve are used.

VARIATIONS: None None

750-177 2-15

Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

LOW-HIGH-LOW MOD - OPEN DAMPER PURGE

Combustion Air Gas Oil

A two blade damper is controlled by a two position, spring return actuator with mechanical linkage. Power to drive the actuator is routed through a low/auto switch and a remote located modulating

COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

PRE-PURGE

STARTUP, IGNITION

RUN, MODULATE

Operating Sequence

SHUT DOWN, POST-PURGE

control. The actuator also contains a limit switch which is used to actuate the second stage of the oil supply system. (see oil at right) A second external switch ensures the damper has returned to the low fire position before ignition is initiated.

From its closed position the damper is driven open by the flame safeguard control where it remains for the duration of the pre-purge cycle.

Damper returns to the low fire position which is proven through the external switch. The burner is now ready for startup.

Damper is driven open in 30 seconds by the two position actuator. Low-High-Low burners will modulate from low to high rate positions based on the signal from the modulating control and the selection of the low/auto switch.

Damper returns to its start position based on the 25 second closure speed of the mechanical actuator.

Valves are closed.

Valves open. To prevent a surge the primary gas valve opens at a slowed rate. Gas flow to the manifold is metered based on the butterfly valves low fire setting.

The gas valves remain in their open position. The actuator begins its travel to the high fire position opening the gas metering valve. The burner will modulate from low to high as described in the combustion air column. On shut down all gas valves close within 1 second. The butterfly valve closes in 25 seconds with the two position actuator.

Pressure Atomization: Two solenoid type safety shut off oil valves initiate the flow of oil from the high pressure pump to the nozzle. The oil pump has a built in solenoid controlled two level pressure regulating system. Low and high flow rates are set on the pump based on pressure and the nozzle's flow rating.

The pump is operational but the valves are closed. Oil is flowing through an internal relief valve and returning to the supply system.

The safety shut-off oil valves remain open. The pump's solenoid is energized by the aux switch within the damper actuator as it opens the air damper. Oil pressure is then increased based the pump’s high pressure setting. The actuator begins its travel to the high fire position opening the gas metering valve. The burner will modulate from low to high as described in the combustion air column.

All valves immediately return to their startup or deenergized position. The oil pump is operating with post-purge, but oil is flowing through an internal relief valve and returning to the supply system.

For pumps without the internal dual pressure solenoid an external pressure relief valve and normally open solenoid valve are used.

VARIATIONS None None

2-16 750-177

Profire V Burner Chapter 2

FULL MODULATION - OPEN DAMPER PURGE

Combustion Air Gas Oil

Pressure Atomization: Two solenoid type safety shut

A two blade damper is controlled by a proportional modulating actuator (or motor) with mechanical linkage. The modulating actuator is capable of stopping at any point along its 90 degree stroke based on a signal from a remotely connected modulating

COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

control or from a burner mounted manual potentiometer which is selected through an auto/manual modulation selector switch. The actuator also contains two internal switches that ensure the damper reach the high fire and low fire positions during purge and before ignition is initiated.

From its closed position the damper is driven open by a signal from the flame

PRE-PURGE

STARTUP, IGNITION

RUN, MODULATE

Operating Sequence

SHUT DOWN, POST-PURGE

safeguard control where the high fire air switch is proven. The damper will remain open for the duration of the pre-purge cycle.

Damper returns to the low fire position which is proven through the internal low fire air proving switch. The burner is now ready for startup.

Damper is driven by the modulating actuator to a firing rate position as determined by the modulating control or manual potentiometer. Actuator can complete full travel to high fire in 30 seconds. Actuator will then continue to adjust firing rate position based on signals from the modulating control until demand is satisfied.

Damper returns to its starting position based on the 30 second closure speed of the mechanical actuator during post purge.

Options are available for 4-20amp modulating signal conversion or 4-20 proportional modulating actuators.

VARIATIONS:

Also optional is an actuator with dual low fire start switch positions for improved "turn down" in dual fuel situations.

Safety shut off valve(s) are provided to initiate the flow of gas. The primary is a diaphragm or motorized type valve which have delayed opening rates to prevent an “in rush” of gas. A butterfly type gas metering valve is linked directly to the damper actuator and provides gas flow metering relative to the actuator position. A manually adjusted gas regulator limits maximum firing rate.

Valves are closed.

Valves open. To prevent a surge the primary gas valve opens at a slowed rate. Gas flow to the manifold is metered based on the butterfly valve low fire setting.

The gas valves remain in their open position. As the actuator begins it's travel to the firing rate position it is also adjusting the butterfly gas metering valve increasing the flow of gas to the manifold. The burner will continue to modulate as described under the combustion air heading until demand is satisfied.

On shut down all gas valves close within 1 second. The butterfly valve closes in 30 seconds with the damper actuator.

None

off oil valves initiate the flow of oil from the high

pressure pump to a return flow nozzle. In the return

line from the nozzle an adjustable oil metering valve

limits the amount of oil allowed to return to the pump.

The metering valve is connected to the damper

actuator with mechanical linkage.

The pump is operational but the valves are closed. Oil is flowing through an internal relief valve and returning to the supply system.

Safety shut off valves open allowing oil to flow from pump to nozzle. Oil pressure at the nozzle is based on the pump's pressure setting less the volume of oil returning through the metering valve.

The safety shut-off oil valves remain open. As the actuator begins it's travel to the firing rate position it is also adjusting the oil metering valve decreasing the amount of oil allowed to return to the pump. This in turn is increasing the pressure and volume of oil at the nozzle. The burner will continue to modulate as described under the combustion air heading until demand is satisfied.

All valves immediately close. The metering valve opens to it's low fire position in 30 seconds with the damper actuator. The oil pump is operating with postpurge, but oil is flowing through an internal relief valve and returning to the supply system.

On models with a simplex nozzle oil is diverted from the supply line through the meter and back to the pump before the first safety shut-off valve.

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Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

PARALLEL POSITIONING

Combustion Air Gas Oil

Pressure Atomization: Two solenoid type safety

shut off oil valves initiate the flow of oil from the high pressure pump to a return flow nozzle. In the return line from the nozzle is an adjustable oil metering valve which limits the amount of oil allowed to return to the pump. The metering valve is direct coupled to a parallel positioning actuator.

COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

A two bladed damper is controlled by an independent parallel positioning actuator. The remote mounted modulating control

Safety shut off valve(s) are provided to initiate the flow of gas. The primary is a diaphragm or motorized type valve which have delayed opening rates to prevent an “in rush” of gas. A butterfly type gas metering valve is directly coupled to a parallel positioning actuator. A manually adjusted gas regulator limits maximum firing rate.

From its closed position the damper is driven open by a signal from the parallel

PRE-PURGE

STARTUP, IGNITION

RUN, MODULATE

Operating Sequence

SHUT DOWN, POST-PURGE

positioning control. The damper will remain open for the duration of the prepurge cycle.

Damper returns to the low fire position in preparation for startup.

Damper is driven by its parallel positioning actuator to a firing rate position as determined by the parallel positioning control. The actuator and parallel positioning control will then continue to adjust the damper and fuel actuators position based on signals from remote sensors until demand is satisfied.

Damper returns to its closed position during or following post purge.

Valves are closed.

Valves open. To prevent a surge the primary gas valve opens at a slowed rate. Gas flow to the manifold is metered based on the butterfly valves low fire setting.

The gas valves remain in their open position. The metering valve and actuator increases the flow of gas to the manifold in conjunction with the opening damper however, position adjustments are made based on the fuel "curve" stored in the parallel positioning control's memory. The burner will continue to modulate as described under the combustion air heading until demand is satisfied.

On shut down all gas valves close within 1 second. The butterfly valve returns to it's starting position..

The pump is operational but the valves are closed. Oil is flowing through an internal relief valve and returning to the supply system.

Safety shut off valves open allowing oil to flow from pump to nozzle. Oil pressure at the nozzle is based on the pump's pressure setting less the volume of oil returning through the metering valve.

The safety shut-off oil valves remain open. The metering valve and actuator decreases the flow of oil returning to the pump in conjunction with the opening damper however, position adjustments are made based on the fuel "curve" stored in the parallel positioning control's memory. This in turn is increases the pressure and volume of oil at the nozzle. The burner will continue to modulate as described under the combustion air heading until demand is satisfied.

All valves immediately close. The metering valve opens to it's low fire position. The oil pump is operating with post-purge, but oil is flowing through an internal relief valve and returning to the supply system.

On models with a simplex nozzle oil is diverted from the supply line through the meter and back to the pump before the first safety shut-off valve.

IC offers several parallel

VARIATIONS

positioning systems. Consult the factory for types and

None

options.

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Profire V Burner Chapter 2

F. Startup and Operation

When the installation is complete and all electrical, fuel, water, and vent stack connections are made, make certain the connections are tight. The operator should become familiar with the burner, boiler controls and components. Adjustment procedures should be reviewed prior to firing. The wiring diagram should also be studied along with the operating sequence of the burner programmer. Check the electrical power supply for accordance with the nameplate specifications for all motors and controls.

Read and understand starting instructions before attempting to operate the burner. The following checks must be made:

BOILER

Check boiler water level. Be sure all boiler valves are installed correctly and positioned properly. Set the high limit control slightly above the operating control. Set operating control at the desired temperature or pressure.

BURNER

For protection in shipment, the flame safeguard control chassis is shipped unmounted. Check all screw connections before attaching flame safeguard chassis to base. The screw must be secure to assure low resistance connections. The relay chassis is mounted on the subbase with a screw which, when tightened, completes the connection between the subbase and chassis contacts. Press manual reset button to be sure safety switch contacts are closed.

Check fuses in main panel and in the burner control cabinet. Check wiring to the burner control cabinet for compliance with the wiring diagram and local codes. The control cabinet components are 120 volt. If a control transformer is supplied, ensure that the supply voltage matches its primary voltage.

Check motor rotation by momentarily closing the starter or relay. Blower rotation is clockwise when viewed from the drive end.

Check the pilot electrode setting.

Check control linkage for proper movement of the air volume damper and fuel metering components. This can be done by loosening the linkage at the actuator lever and manipulating by hand.

Check the air shutter and adjust low-fire setting.

FIRING PREPARATIONS

Check to make certain that all plugs, connections. linkages, etc., are tight. Prior to initial firing, oil flow and pressure should be verified.

Gas Burners

A representative of the gas utility should turn on the gas. Determine by a test gauge upstream of the burner regulator that sufficient pressure exists at the entrance to the gas train. The gas pressure regulator must be adjusted to the pressure required and the pressure setting recorded.

On combination fuel models, set the selector switch to gas. On initial startup it is recommended that the main gas shutoff cock remain closed until the programmer has cycled through pre-purge and pilot sequences to determine that the main gas valve opens. Turn the burner switch OFF and let the programmer finish its cycle. Check to see that the gas valve closes tightly.

On burners equipped with high and low gas pressure switches, set switch pressure actuating levels and record settings for future service reference.

See the burner specification nameplate inside the control panel door for minimum and maximum input rate and required manifold pressure.

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Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

When the conditions covered above and in Section 2 are assured, the burner is ready for firing. Refer to Section E for starting and operating information.

Oil Burners

Prior to initial firing, oil flow and pressure should be verified. If the burner is a dual fuel model, make certain that the main gas shutoff cock is closed and the fuel selector switch is set to OIL.

If the oil supply tank is below the level of the oil fuel unit, it is recommended that the suction line be primed with oil prior to starting the pump to avoid the possibility of damage to the pump through operation without lubrication.

To check for proper pump rotation, momentarily energize the starter. With rotation verified, operate the pump to determine that oil circulation exists. Observe the oil burner pressure gauge. If not pressure shows after a few moments, stop the oil pump and re-prime. If the supply tank is lower than the pump, it is possible that the initial priming of the suction line, followed by operation of the pump, will not establish oil flow. This might be caused by obstruction in the suction line, excessive lift, inadequate priming, suction line leaks, etc. Until oil flow is established, avoid prolonged operation of the pump. If oil flow is not established after a second priming, investigation is required.

A vacuum (or compound pressure-vacuum) gauge should be installed at the suction port of the pump. It is advisable that the reading be less than 15” Hg vacuum. Vacuum in excess of this may cause unstable firing.

If the vacuum gauge reads higher than calculated, look for restriction in the suction line, a closed valved, kinked copper tubing, plugged filter, sticking check valve, frozen oil line, undersized oil line, or excessive lift.

When there is a positive head of oil at the fuel unit, either from a gravity or by pump circulation, the pressure must not exceed 3 psi at the fuel unit suction inlet. Special pressure regulating valves are available for suction pressure above 3 psi. The fuel unit discharge pressure should be set at 300 psi.

BURNER SETTINGS

To ensure reliable and safe burner performance, the location and gap setting of the electrode for direct spark igniters, and the relative positions of the burner nozzle, diffuser, and air baffle components must be correctly set. The air damper blades must be adjusted, relative to the established flow rates to provide the correct amount of air for complete efficient combustion.

These items are preset at the factory, but must be checked prior to placing the burner into initial service, or after conducting any service work that may have altered their position.

Fuel and air flow rates are individually adjusted at low-fire and at high-fire to achieve rated heat input, firing rate turndown, optimum efficiency, safe operation, and the ability to cope with environmental changes (including air temperature, humidity, barometric pressure), and fuel property changes. Refer to the nameplate inside the control panel for minimum and maximum fuel input ratings.

TEST EQUIPMENT

The following test equipment should be on site:

• Combustion analyzer with O2 indication.

• U-Tube manometer, or pressure gauge, to measure gas pressures (main and pilot), pressures and vacuum gauge for

the oil burners.

• Inclined manometer to measure draft pressures.

• Smoke spot tester for oil burners and CO analyzer for gas fired units.

• Voltmeter/Ammeter.

• Stack Thermometer and Thermocouples

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Profire V Burner Chapter 2

DANGER

WARNING

DANGER

WARNING

TO PREVENT POSSIBLE SERIOUS INJURY OR DEATH, READ THE FLAME SAFEGUARD MANUAL AND FULLY UNDERSTAND ITS CONTENT BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO OPERATE THIS EQUIPMENT.

SHOULD A STARTING FAILURE OCCUR FOR ANY REASON, COMBUSTIBLE FUMES MAY FILL THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER. NEVER ATTEMPT TO RE-LIGHT THE BURNER UNDER THESE CONDITIONS WITHOUT PURGING THE CHAMBER.

ELECTRICAL INTERFERENCE TEST

Prior to putting the burner into service, conduct the following test to ascertain that ignition spark will not cause the flame relay to pull in.

Gas Fired

Close the pilot and main line manual gas valves. Start the burner and at time of pilot trial with just the electrical ignition system energized. The flame relay should not pull in (should not be energized).

Upon completion of successful test, proceed with startup procedures.

Oil Fired

Disconnect the electrical power to the burner. Disconnect the electric oil safety shutoff valve. Reconnect electric power. Close the pilot line manual gas valve, if used.

Start burner and at the time of pilot trial, with just the electrical ignition system energized. The flame relay should not pull in.

Upon completion of successful test, disconnect power supply. Reconnect oil safety shutoff valve and turn on manual pilot gas valve. Reconnect power supply and proceed with startup procedures.

BURNER IGNITION ADJUSTMENT

Gas Pilot Flame Adjustment

The gas pilot flame is regulated by adjusting the pressure setting of the pilot regulator. Normal setting is 4” to 6” W.C. when the pilot is burning. The flame must be sufficient to be proven by the flame detector and ignite the main flame.

Although it is possible to visibly adjust the size of the pilot flame, obtain a proper DC volt or microamp reading of the flame signal. The flame safeguard amplifier has a meter jack for this purpose. At initial startup and during planned maintenance, test the pilot flame signal, pilot turndown and safety switch lockout.

Gas Pilot Turndown Test

For burners equipped with a gas pilot, conduct the following test:

1. Turn the burner switch “ON”. This will start the blower motor and initiate the pre-purge sequence. Makesure a pressure gauge 0” to 10” W.C. or a manometer is installed in the pilot line to monitor the pilot gaspressure.

2. When the pilot comes on, put the programmer timer on pilot hold by placing the “RUN-TEST” switch onthe flame safeguard to the “TEST” position.

3. Check the flame signal strength. Adjust the flame signal by increasing or decreasing pilot gas pressurewith the reg-

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Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

ulator spring. Normal setting is 4” to 6” W.C.

4. Perform a pilot turndown test by reducing the pilot pressure very slowly until the scanner looses sight ofthe flame and gives a flame lockout, then reset the adjustment to normal level. Note the minimumpressure level.

5. After adjusting the pressure back to normal level, set the programmer to the “RUN” position. Main flamewill come on and the burner is in the low-fire position.

6. Start and stop the burner several times to ensure proper pilot setting.

STARTUP SEQUENCE

The programming control sequences the operation of all controls and components through the starting, ignition, firing, and shutdown cycle. The burner and control system are in starting condition when:

• The operating and high limit control (temperature or pressure) are below their cutoff settings

• All power supply switches are closed.

• Power is present at the control panel.

Refer to the controls literature and burner wiring diagrams for detailed information.

1. Begin starting sequence, with burner switch off, and with all manual valves closed. Switch main power on.

2. When firing oil, open the manual oil valves.

3. When firing on gas, open the main manual gas valve.

4. When firing on gas, manually reset the high and low gas pressure switches (if applicable).

5. Place the gas-oil selector switch (if applicable) in position for the desired fuel. With all limit and operating controls calling for heat, the burner will follow the flame safeguard sequence.

6. When the burner motor starts, open the gas cock.

7. If firing on gas, when the main fuel lamp lights indicating pilot flame proven, slowly open the second shutoff cock downstream of the main gas valve(s).

AUTOMATIC SHUTDOWN

Limit or operating controls open:

1. Fuel valves close. Main fuel lamp goes off. Flame safeguard timer starts.

2. Flame safeguard timer and burner motor stop. Burner is ready for startup on the next call for heat.

MANUAL SHUTDOWN

1. Turn selector switch to the off position. The burner shuts down in Automatic Shutdown as above.

2. When the burner motor stops, close all manual valves.

SAFETY SHUTDOWN

If at any time during the operating cycle a flame failure occurs, the burner shuts down as in Automatic Shutdown, with an additional post-purge, and the flame failure lamp is energized. The lockout switch on the flame safeguard control must be manually reset before the burner will fire again.

If a low water condition occurs, the burner shuts down as in Automatic Shutdown.

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Profire V Burner Chapter 2

DANGER

WARNING

DANGER

WARNING

DANGER

WARNING

If a high or low gas pressure condition occurs while firing on gas, the burner shuts down as in Automatic Shutdown. Condition must be corrected and the respective gas pressure switch manually reset before the burner will fire again on gas.

Should a starting failure occur for any reason, combustible fumes may fill the combustion chamber. Never attempt to re-light the burner under these conditions. The combustion chamber must first be purged before re-lighting.

Keep fingers away from the combustion air intake below the damper. The damper is actuated with sufficient force to cause severe injury. Always make high and intermediate rate adjustments when the burner has reached low fire position. Do not disturb the low fire setting.

STARTUP AND OPERATING

Gas Burners

A gas valve leak test must be performed on the automatic safety shutoff valves located in the main gas train prior to any initial commissioning or subsequent maintenance of the burner and gas train systems, where automatic valve proving systems interlocked with the main burner safety control are not provided. This test should be performed periodically to ensure no leakage of valves in their closed or de-energized position.

The unit should be taken out of service if the unit fails any of the following tests. Any defective part must be replaced prior to putting the equipment back into service.

FAILURE TO FOLLOW THIS PROCEDURE MAY RESULT IN EXPLOSION, FIRE, PROPERTY DAMAGE, AND PERSONAL INJURY. THIS PROCEDURE MUST BE PERFORMED ONLY BY AUTHORIZED AND QUALIFIED PERSONNEL.

1. Close the main and pilot gas cocks.

2. Make sure the ON-OFF switch is in the “OFF” position and the fuel selector switch is turned to “GAS.”

3. Actuate the manual reset button of the flame safeguard control to close the safety switch contacts.

4. Set the MANUAL-AUTO switch in the “MANUAL” position.

5. Set the manual potentiometer in the low fire position.

6. Open the gas pilot cock.

7. Set the ON-OFF switch to “ON.” The burner will start and pre-purge. After pre-purge, the ignitiontransformer and the gas pilot solenoid are energized. Before proceeding, conduct electrical interferenceand pilot turndown tests if not previously done (see Section 3.2).

8. On initial startup it is recommended that the main gas shutoff cock remains closed until the programmerhas cycled through prepurge and pilot sequence. Then determine that the main gas valve opens. Whenthis is confirmed, turn the burner switch “OFF” and let the programmer finish its cycle.

9. Check to see that the gas valve has closed tightly. If ignition does not occur, turn the burner switch“OFF” and allow the programmer to recycle for a new ignition trial.

10. Turn the burner “ON” and after pilot ignition when the flame relay pulls in, the slow opening, motorized,main gas valve is energized. The main flame should ignite at this time. The gas valve and air dampercontinue advancing until high fire is reached.

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Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

11. Do not repeat unsuccessful light off attempts without rechecking burner and pilot adjustment. Vent fuelvapors from the combustion chamber after each unsuccessful light off attempt.

12. Set the gas low fire rate by adjusting the butterfly valve and air linkage.

13. When low fire is adjusted, shut down the burner.

14. Restart several times to be sure the low fire setting is suitable. Readjust if necessary. Never start theburner with fuel vapor in the furnace. In case of an emergency, open the main power switches and closeall fuel valves.

15. After combustion adjustments are satisfactorily set, allow the heating vessel to slowly reach normaloperating pressure or temperature.

16. Turn the potentiometer switch to the high fire position. Check high fire at this point using combustioninstruments.

17. Do not disturb established low fire adjustment. Allow the burner to return to low fire position before adjusting high or intermediate settings.

Do not repeat unsuccessful light off attempts without rechecking burner and pilot adjustment. Vent fuel vapors from the combustion chamber after each unsuccessful light off attempt. Set the gas low fire rate by adjusting the butterfly valve and air linkage. Refer to the adjustment section of this manual. Using the combustion analysis instrument, adjust the low fire. Typical combustion analysis for low fire is 5% to 6% O2 on standard turndown systems, and between 6.5% and 9% for higher turndown systems. Verify the minimum input rate by measuring the gas meter.

When low fire is adjusted, shut down the burner. Restart several times to be sure the low fire setting is suitable. Readjust if necessary. Never start the burner with fuel vapor in the furnace. In case of emergency, open the main power switches and close all fuel valves. After combustion adjustments are satisfactorily set, allow the heating vessel to slowly reach normal operating pressure or temperature.

After the boiler has reached operating temperature or pressure, turn the potentiometer switch in small increments to the high fire position. Check high fire at this point using combustion instruments. High fire combustion analysis typically is 3% to 4% O2. Verify maximum input rate by measuring the gas meter.

Do not disturb established low fire adjustment. Allow the burner to return to low fire position before adjusting high or intermediate setting. CO levels should be less than 400 ppm on an air-free basis at all firing rates, with <50 ppm as the target value.

When conditions covered above are assured, refer to NORMAL OPERATION below.

Oil Burners

1. The fuel selector switch should be set to “OIL” and the “ON-OFF” switch is in the “OFF” position.Actuate the manual reset button of the flame safeguard control to close the safety switch contacts.Set the ON-OFF switch to ON. The burner will start and pre-purge. After pre-purge, the ignition transformer will direct spark. If the flame detector proves the presence of a satisfactory pilot, the programmer will proceed to main flame ignition.

2. Set the “ON-OFF” switch to “ON.” The burner will start and pre-purge. After pre-purge, the ignition transformer will direct spark. If the flame detector proves the presence of a satisfactory pilot, the programmer will proceed to main flame ignition.

3. Make initial air shutter settings for smooth ignition. Do not repeat unsuccessful light off attempts without rechecking burner and pilot adjustment. Vent fuel vapors from the combustion chamber after each unsuccessful light off attempt. Set the oil low fire rate by adjusting the oil return pressure and air linkage. Using the combustion analysis instrument, adjust the low fire. Typical combustion analysis for low fire is 5% to 6% O2.

4. When low fire is adjusted, shut down the burner. Restart several times to be sure the low fire setting is suitable. Readjust if necessary. Never start the burner with fuel vapor in the furnace. In case of emergency, open the main power switches and close all fuel valves. After combustion adjustments are satisfactorily set, allow the heating vessel to slowly reach normal operating pres sure or temperature.

5. After the boiler has reached operating temperature or pressure, turn the potentiometer switch in small increments to the high fire position. This will cause the metering valve to close, resulting in an increase in the oil pressure feeding the burner nozzle. In high fire the oil metering valve should be in the fully closed position and the fuel oil pressure should be about 300 psi. Check high fire at this point using combustion instruments. High fire combustion analysis typically is 3.5% to 4% O2. Verify maximum input rate by measuring the oil meter if available or by weighing the oil.

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Profire V Burner Chapter 2

The burner should be set up and maintained to yield smoke spot levels less than a #1 spot (ASTM D2156 Shell-Bacharach Scale) to minimize soot buildup in the boiler.

Do not disturb established low fire adjustment. Allow the burner to re

turn to low fire position before adjusting

high or intermediate settings.

When conditions covered above are assured, refer to NORMAL OPERA

TION below.

Combination Gas-Oil Burners

In general, the combination fueled system is to be started first using oil, because, as

a fuel, oil has a greater

combustion air requirement than natural gas.

Refer to the Gas Burner or Oil Burner adjustment procedures.

Once the adjustments are set for oil, shut down the burner

and restart the adjust the natural gas fuel. DO NOT READJUST THE AIR DAMPERS. The adjustment is made by balancing the fuel input rate against the existing flow of combustion air.

When conditions covered above are assured, refer to NORMAL OPERA

Note: SIZE 1 & 2 COMBINATION GAS/OIL UNITS USE A DIRECT COUPLING FROM THE BLOWER MOTOR TO THE OIL PUMP. WHEN FIRING GAS FOR AN EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME, THE COUPLING SHOULD BE MANUALLLY REMOVED AND REPLACED ONLY WHEN FIRING OIL. IF THE COUPLING IS LEFT CONNECTED TO THE BLOWER MOTOR, ENSURE THAT THERE IS PROPER OIL CIRCULATION AT ALL TIMES TO AVOID DAMAGE AND SEIZURE OF THE PUMP.

TION below.

NORMAL OPERATION

Normal operation must be with the MANUAL-AUTO switch selector on AUTO.

In automatic operation, the operating

cycle always proceeds sequentially through pre-purge, pilot ignition, main flame ignition, run and post-purge. The length of purge and ignition trial vary according to the type of programmer used.

During the run cycle, burner input is regulated to the load

demand by the modulating pressure or temperature control on the boiler. The burner will continue to modulate until the operating pressure or temperature is reached.

Programmer control operation should be tested when the burner i

s initially placed into service, when a control

is replaced, and at scheduled intervals in the maintenance program.

SHUTDOWN

When the operating limit control setting is reached or the burner switch is turned OFF

, the following sequence

occurs:

1. The fuel valve(s) de-energize and flame extinguishes. The blower motor continues running during post-purge (if so

equipped with post-purge feature).

2. At the end of the post-purge the blowe

stops. Unit is ready to restart.

r motor is de-energized. The programmer returns to its starting position and

Abnormal shutdown might result from motor overload flame outage, low water, current or fuel supply interruption, combustion or atomizing air pressure below minimum level, tripped circuit breakers, blown fuses, or other interlock devices. Check for cause and correct before restarting burner.

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Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

Safety shutdown caused by ignition or flame failure will actuate a red indicator light and energize an audible alarm (if so equipped). If the programmer has a non-recycling interlock circuit, any interruption in this circuit during the pre-purge or firing cycle will cause a safety shutdown. This type of shutdown requires manual reset of the programming control and must be corrected before operation can be resumed.

G. Adjustments

While each burner is tested at the factory for correct operation before shipment, variable conditions such as burning characteristics of the fuel used and operating load conditions may require further adjustment after installation to assure maximum operating efficiency.

Prior to placing the boiler into initial service, a complete inspection should be made of all controls, connecting piping, wiring, and all fastenings such as nuts, bolts, and setscrews to be sure that no damage or misadjustments occurred during shipment and installation.

A combustion efficiency analysis made during the initial startup will help to determine what additional adjustments are required in a particular installation.

COMBUSTION ADJUSTMENT ON OIL AND GAS

Flame appearance alone is not sufficient to judge combustion efficiency, although it may help in making preliminary settings.

The proper settings of air-fuel ratios must be determined by flue gas analysis. Combustion gas analysis indicates the air to fuel ratio and the degree of complete combustion. Instruments are available to measure carbon dioxide (CO

), oxygen (O2), and carbon monoxide (CO). At no time should CO2 measurements alone

be used to indicate proper excess air levels. Only O2 measurement can definitively show whether sufficient air has been provided for combustion.

STACK TEMPERATURE

Net stack temperature is obtained by subtracting the ambient temperature from the flue gas temperature. A high net stack temperature indicates wasted heat. Stack temperature should be as low as possible without causing flue gas condensation.

Stack heat loss can be reduced by decreasing either the temperature or the volume of the flue gas, or both. Flue gas temperature is reduced by improving heat transfer or by reducing excess combustion air. A certain amount of excess air is necessary to complete combustion. More efficient burners require minimum excess air.

SMOKE MEASUREMENT

Smoke measurements can be made using a variety of different methods. The standards will vary somewhat according to the equipment used, and instructions accompanying the instrument should be followed.

Smoky combustion can result from:

• improper air delivery

• insufficient draft

• improper fuel viscosity

• improper fuel-air ratio

• excessive air leaks in the combustion chamber

• improper fuel oil temperature

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Profire V Burner Chapter 2

DANGER

CAUTION

DANGER

WARNING

TEST EQUIPMENT

The following test equipment should be used to set up and adjust the burner correctly

• Combustion analyzer with O2 indication.

• U-Tube manometer, or pressure gauge, to measure gas pressures

• Inclined manometer to measure draft pressures.

• Smoke spot tester for oil burners and CO analyzer for gas fired units.

• Voltmeter/Ammeter.

• Stack Thermometer and Thermocouples.

(Main and Pilot), vacuum and pressure gauges for oil.

GAS ADJUSTMENTS

Low-fire combustion analysis typically is 6% to 9% O typically is 3% to 5% O

and less than .04% CO. The V/Series burners are capable of operating at low excess

and less than .04% CO (400 ppm). High-fire reading

air and less than 50 ppm CO levels at all firing rates.

FUEL OIL ADJUSTMENTS

Adjust for a “clean fire.” Typically for No. 2 oil, O

is 5% to 6% at low-fire and 3.5% to 4.5% at high-fire.

GAS PILOT FLAME ADJUSTMENT

The gas pilot flame is regulated by adjusting the pressure setting of the pilot regulato

r. Normal setting is 4” to 6” W.C. when the pilot is burning. The flame must be sufficient to be proven by the flame detector and ignite the main flame.

To adjust pilot gas pressure, unscrew regulator cap and

Although it is possible to visibly adjust the size

of the pilot flame, obtain a proper DC volt or microamp reading

turn the adjusting screw in or out.

of the flame signal.

The flame safeguard amplifier has a meter jack for this purpose.

At initial startup and during planned maintenance, test the pilot flame signal, pilot turndown, and safety switch lockout. Refer to the flame safeguard instruction manual.

Check the pilot electrode setting. The pilot is accessible by loose

ning the four screws on the side of the firing

head and disconnecting the gas line.

AN ULTRA-VIOLET FLAME SENSOR ELECRICAL SPARK INTERFERENCE TEST MUST BE PERFORMED AFTER FINAL ADJUSTMENT.

DIRECT SPARK (OIL ONLY) ADJUSTMENT

Oil only burner models VL13 to 55 are equipped with a direct spark ignition

. Remove the oil drawer assembly

and check electrode settings and nozzle size.

750-177 2-27

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TIP TO TUBE GAP OF .16"

Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

Figure 2-13: Direct Spark Ignition- Oil Only

BURNER PILOT SETTINGS

To ensure reliable and safe burner performance, the location and gap setting of

the electrodes, and the relative positions of the burner nozzle, diffuser, and air baffle components must be set correctly. These items are preset at the factory, but must be checked prior to placing the burner into initial service, or after conducting any service work that may have altered their position.

The nozzle/diffuser assembly must be removed

from inside the burner to enable measurement and

readjustment:

1. Lock out and tag the electrical power supply to the burner to prevent inadvertent operation during checkout or

maintenance activities.

2. Disconnect the high voltage power supply from th

e oil-spark-ignition electrodes (if installed).

3. Disconnect the oil piping from the side of the blast tube.

4. Remove the fasteners that secure the drawer to the side of

the burner housing, and remove the complete assembly.

For burners with a gas pilot:

1. Disconnect the pilot line and loosen the locking screws on the pilot access cover located on the side of the blast

tube.

2. Disconnect the high voltage ignition cable by pulling it straight back, away from the pilot assembly. The pilot

embly will slide back away from the diffuser.

ass

3. Turn the assembly and retract it through the access hole.

4. Check the electrode position.

5. Re-assemble in reverse order.

2-28 750-177

14.18

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TIP TO TUBE GAP OF .16"

Profire V Burner Chapter 2

1.83" REAR FACE OF DIFFUSER TO FRONT FACE OF AIR BAFFLE

Figure 2-14: Gas Pilot

Measure the position of the tip of the nozzle to the diffuser and compare to the following drawer assembly drawings. To adjust:

1. Loosen the locking screws on the diffuser clamp.

2. Slide the diffuser clamp along the length of the burner pipe un

3. Tighten the diffuser clamp securely to the burner pipe. Apply a loc ening.

4. Carefully install the drawer assembly into the burner.

5. Re-connect the oil line and high voltage power cable to the assembly.

til the correct dimension is achieved.

k-tight type compound to the screws before tight-

Measure the position of the diffuser to the air baffle and compare to the following drawer assembly drawings. To a dj us t :

1. Measure the distance between the leading edge of the diffuser and the front face of the inner ring on the air baffle assembly.

2. If adjustment is required, loosen the burner pipe locking se ing, and slide the burner pipe until the correct dimen

3. Tighten the burner pipe locking setscrew securely.

tscrew located on the rear cap at the top of the fan hous-

sion is achieved.

Figure 2-15: Drawer Assembly for (VG) Gas Only (V13-34) - Watertube/

750-177 2-29

.25" FROM NOZZLE TIP TO REAR FACE OF DIFFUSER

1.89" REAR FACE OF DIFFUSER TO FRONT FACE OF AIR BAFFLE

.25" NOZZLE TIP TO OUTER EDGE OF ELECTRODE WIRES

7/16" FROM CENTER OF OIL NOZZLE TIP TO BOTTOM EDGE OF ELECTRODE WIRES

5/32" BETWEEN INNER EDGES OF ELECTRODE WIRES

656-10215-000

Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

1.83" REAR FACE OF DIFFUSER TO FRONT FACE OF AIR BAFFLE

.00" FROM NOZZLE TIP TO FRONT FACE OF DIFFUSER

656-10215-000

Figure 2-16: Drawer Assembly for (VL) Oil Only (V13-34) - Watertube

Figure 2-17: Drawer Assembly for (VLG) Gas/Oil (V13-34) - Watertube

2-30 750-177

1.81" REAR FACE OF DIFFUSER TO FRONT FACE OF AIR BAFFLE

656-10215-000

Profire V Burner Chapter 2

.25" FROM NOZZLE TIP TO REAR FACE OF DIFFUSER

1.89" REAR FACE OF DIFFUSER TO FRONT FACE OF

.25" NOZZLE TIP TO OUTER EDGE OF ELECTRODE WIRES

7/16" FROM CENTER OF OIL NOZZLE TIP TO BOTTOM EDGE OF ELECTRODE WIRES

5/32" BETWEEN INNER EDGES OF ELECTRODE WIRES

656-10215-000

1.81" REAR FACE OF DIFFUSER TO FRONT FACE OF AIR BAFFLE

.00" FROM NOZZLE TIP TO FRONT FACE OF DIFFUSER

656-10215-000

Figure 2-18: Drawer Assembly for (VG) Gas Only (V35-55) - Watertube

Figure 2-19: Drawer Assembly for (VL) Oil Only (V35-55) - Watertube

750-177 2-31

Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

.16" REAR FACE OF DIFFUSER TO FRONT FACE OF AIR BAFFLE

1.83" REAR FACE OF DIFFUSER TO FRONT FACE OF AIR BAFFLE

.00" FROM NOZZLE TIP TO FRONT FACE OF DIFFUSER

656-10215-000

Figure 2-20: Drawer Assembly for (VLG) Gas/Oil (V35-55) - Watertube

Figure 2-21: Drawer Assembly for (VG) Gas Only (V60-110) - Watertube

Figure 2-22: Drawer Assembly for (VLG) Gas/Oil (V60-110) - Watertube

2-32 750-177

1.92" REAR FACE OF DIFFUSER TO FRONT FACE OF AIR BAFFLE

656-10215-000

Profire V Burner Chapter 2

1.92" REAR FACE OF DIFFUSER TO FRONT FACE OF AIR BAFFLE

.00" FROM NOZZLE TIP TO FRONT FACE OF DIFFUSER

656-10215-000

Figure 2-23: Drawer Assembly for (VG) Gas Only (V120-168) - Watertube

Figure 2-24: Drawer Assembly for (VLG) Gas/Oil (V120-168) - Watertube

750-177 2-33

Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

H. Gas System Adjustments

Refer to the burner data plate located inside the control panel door. The nameplate will list the following burner information:

• burner and control voltage

•phase

•cycle

•motor amperage

• maximum and minimum fuel input settings

• manifold pressure (at zero furnace pressure - add the furnace pressure to get the correct manifold pressure at maximum firing rate)

These procedures assume that the pre-startup tasks, check list, electrical interference test, and pilot turndown tests have been performed in accordance with the instructions in this manual.

For most efficient combustion, allow the boiler to fully warm up before making adjustments. Refer to the boiler instruction manual for the boiler control settings.

GAS PRESSURE

Gas must be supplied at a pressure high enough to overcome the pressure loss in the burner gas train and furnace pressure while running at full input. Refer to nameplate inside control panel for gas pressure requirements at train inlet and manifold. The pressures listed are based on nominal 1000 Btu/cu ft. natural gas at elevations up to 2000 feet above sea level.

The gas pressure required at the burner manifold is the pressure that is required to fire the burner at its rated capacity. The gas pressure regulator must be adjusted to achieve this pressure to assure full input.

LOW GAS PRESSURE SWITCH

Turn adjusting screw until indicator moves to a pressure setting slightly below the operating gas pressure. The control will break a circuit if pressure is below this set point. The control should be finally adjusted to prevent operation with low gas pressure, but not at a pressure so close to normal operating pressure that unnecessary shutdowns occur. The switch must be manually reset after tripping. To reset, allow gas pressure to rise and press the manual reset button.

HIGH GAS PRESSURE SWITCH

Turn the adjusting screw until the indicator moves to a pressure setting slightly above the maximum operating gas pressure. The control will break a circuit if pressure exceeds this value. The control should be adjusted to prevent operation with excessive gas pressure, but not at a pressure so close to normal operating pressure that unnecessary shutdowns occur. This switch must be manually reset after tripping. To reset, allow gas pressure to drop and press the manual reset button.

GAS FLOW

The volume of gas is measured in cubic feet as determined by a meter reading. The gas flow rate required depends on the heating value (Btu/cu ft). The supplying utility can provide this information as well as pressure

2-34 750-177

Profire V Burner Chapter 2

correction factors. To determine the required number of cubic feet per hour of gas, divide burner input (Btu/ hr) by the heating value (Btu/cu ft).

NOTE: When checking the input rate, Make sure no other equipment is operating on the same meter.

GAS COMBUSTION ADJUSTMENT

After operating for a sufficient period of tim

e to assure a warm boiler, make adjustments for most efficient combustion.The butterfly gas valve directly controls the rate of flow. The low-fire light-off setting should be regarded as preliminary until proper gas pressure for high-fire operation is established.

Determine the actual gas flow from a meter reading at

high-fire. With the butterfly valve open and with regulated gas pressure set, the actual flow rate should be quite close to the required input. If corrections are necessary, increase or decrease the gas pressure by adjusting the gas pressure regulator, following manufacturer's directions for regulator adjustment.

When proper gas flow is obtained, tak

With the high-fire air-fuel ratio established,

e a flue gas analysis reading.

the gas pressure regulator needs no further adjusting.

Recheck low-fire and adjust if necessary.

Proper setting of the air-fuel ratios at all rates must be de

NOTE: Check for CO through the entire firing range.

termined by combustion analysis.

LOW-HIGH-LOW GAS BURNER ADJUSTMENT

The gas burner adjustments on a Low-High-Off system consist of the gas pressure

regulator, gas butterfly

valve, low and high gas pressure switches and an air damper assembly.

The auxiliary switch inside the M436 Mod motor makes or

breaks the high-fire gas. The Low-High-Low boiler control energizes the M436 motor, driving it to high-fire. When the boiler control de-energizes the M436, a built-in return spring drives it to the low-fire position.

All gas only (VG) V13-55 models use a butterfly gas valve

to control the gas flow to the burner. The M436

Mod motor controls the position of the valve.

1. Open the manual gas shutoff cocks.

2. Check the gas pressure at the inlet of the regulator and the

are in accordance with the regulator specifications. The gas pressure required at the manifold is the pressure that is required to fire the burner at its rated capacity. To adjust the regulator, unscrew the cap located on the top and turn the adjustment screw clockwise to increase pressure, or clockwise to decrease pressure.

3. Turn the burner switch to the “ON” position. The burner will start in the low-fire position.

4. After a few seconds, the O2 analyzer should have an accurate reading of the O2

O2 levels are set between 4% to 6% at low-fire for standard turndown systems on gas and 6% to 9% O2 for high turndown systems, with the target value of less than 50 ppm CO. To obtain the proper readings, adjust the air shutter and low-fire regulator pressure.

5. Operate the boiler at low-fire until it is up to operating pressure

6. Bring the burner to the high-fire position. Adjust the high-fire gas

750-177 2-35

pressure downstream of the regulator. Make sure they

present in the flue gas. Normally,

(steam) or temperature (hot water).

input to match maximum rating. At high-fire, the

Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

butterfly valve should be near the full open position. Adjust the gas regulator so the manifold pressure matches the rating on the burner data plate. Verify and record the readings and pressures. high-fire is typically 3% to 4% O2 with less than 50 ppm CO.

7. Adjust the low and high gas pressure switches by turning the adjusting screw until the indicator moves to a pressure slightly lower than normal operating pressure for the low gas pressure switch, and slightly higher for the high gas pressure switch (usually 20% below and 20% higher than normal pressure).

8. Verify low-fire and high-fire rate by clicking the meter as previously explained.

9. After completing all adjustments, replace the regulators, gaskets, and slotted aluminum screw caps. Tighten all linkages and marked settings. The burner should be adjusted to provide correct fuel flow at a constant rate, as indi cated on the burner data plate. Complete the Startup Report.

FULL MODULATION GAS BURNER ADJUSTMENTS

The burner adjustments on a full modulation gas burner consist of the gas pressure regulator, butterfly gas valve, low nad high gas pressure switches (model V30-168), and air dampers.

1. Open the manual gas shutoff cocks.

2. Check the gas pressure at the inlet of the regulator and the pressure downstream of the regulator. Make sure they are in accordance with the regulator specifications. The gas pressure required at the manifold is the pressure that is required to fire the burner at its rated capacity. To adjust the regulator, unscrew the cap located on the top and turn the adjustment screw clockwise to increase pressure, or clockwise to decrease pressure.

3. Set the “MANUAL-AUTO” switch to the “MANUAL” position.

4. Position the manual flame control potentiometer in the “CLOSED” (low-fire) position.

5. Turn the burner switch to the “ON” position. The burner will start and be in the low-fire position.

6. After a few seconds, the O2 analyzer should have an accurate reading of the O2 present in the flue gas. Normally, O2 levels are set between 4% to 6% at low-fire for standard turndown systems on gas and 6% to 9% O2 for high turndown systems, with the target value of less than 50 ppm CO. To obtain the proper readings, adjust the air shut ter and low-fire regulator pressure.

7. Operate the boiler at low-fire until it is up to operating pressure (steam) or temperature (hot water). Then increase the fuel input to the boiler by turning the manual flame control potentiometer towards “OPEN” in small increments. This will cause the butterfly valve to open, allowing more gas into the burner.

8. At each point allow the burner to operate for a few minutes before recording the O2, CO, and pressure readings. Observe that the O2 and CO levels remain within an acceptable limit. Adjust the pressure regulator as necessary to correct this situation. Continue to do this until the burner reaches high-fire (the potentiometer is at the “OPEN” position).

9. Adjust the high-fire gas input to match maximum rating. At high-fire, the butterfly valve should be near the full open position. Adjust the gas regulator so the manifold pressure matches the rating on the burner data plate. Verify and record the readings and pressures. high-fire is typically 3% to 4% O2 with less than 50 ppm CO as a target value.

10. Modulate the burner to low-fire. Verify the readings. The burner should be adjusted to provide correct fuel flow at a constant rate, as indicated on the burner data plate.

11. Adjust the low and high gas pressure switches by turning the adjusting screw until the indicator moves to a pressure slightly lower than normal operating pressure for the low gas pressure switch, and slightly higher for the high gas pressure switch (usually 50% below and 50% higher than normal pressure, respectively).

12. Tighten all linkages and marked settings. Complete the Startup Report.

13. Turn the “MANUAL-AUTO” switch to “AUTO”. The burner will now modulate according to the load demand to the boiler.

2-36 750-177

Profire V Burner Chapter 2

TYPICAL LOCATION OF THE POINTER WHEN AT HIGH FIRE

LOW NOX FULL MODULATION COMBINATION GAS BURNER ADJUSTMENT

LNV burners are equipped with an FGR (flu

gas recirculation) valve to lower the NOx emissions. An adjustable cam is provided to adjust the FGR valve position throughout the firing range on gas. Follow the steps for gas from Section 4.4.12 with the following additions:

1. Make sure the FGR valve is in the nearly closed position.

2. Start the burner and hold at low-fire until the boiler

3. With an analyzer in the stack, adjust the FGR val

NOTE: Do not adjust the burner below <20 ppm. Unstable comb ustion and high CO emissions will result.

4. Monitor O2 and CO levels during this process. The introduct

flue O2 levels. Too much FGR may induce high levels of CO in the flue gas. It may be necessary to adjust the air damper blades to raise the O2 to proper low-fire values. If the proper NOx values can not be reached by adjusting the cam screw, the FGR linkage will have to be adjusted as well.

5. Once the low-fire setting is complete, continue with the instr

obtain the proper NOx values. Verify the values modulating back to low-fire and adjust accordingly.

is at the proper operating pressure or temperature.

ve cam screw to obtain <30 ppm NOx levels.

ion of FGR into the combustion chamber will lower the

uctions above, adjusting the cam at each screw to

I. Oil System Adjustments

Refer to the burner data plate located inside the control panel door. The nameplate will list the following burner information:

• burner and control voltage

•phase

•cycle

•motor amperage

• maximum and minimum fuel input settings

• manifold pressure (at zero fu

furnace pressure to get the correct manifold pressure at maximum firing rate)

rnace pressure - add the

These procedures assume that the pre-startup tasks and check list have been performed in accordance with the instructions in this manual.

For most efficient combustion, allow the boiler to fully warm up before making adjustments.

ON-OFF OIL BURNER ADJUSTMENT

On-Off burners use the Suntec B2TC-8931 oil pump model. (solenoid energized), and low-fire pressure adjustment is 100 - 200 psi (solenoid de-energized).

1. Briefly push in the starter contact and release to ensure that the blower motor and oil pump are rotating in the cor-

rect direction.

2. Turn the burner switch to the “ON” position.

3. Make sure a pressure gauge, 0 - 600 psi range, is installed downstream of the solenoid va

750-177 2-37

High-fire pressure adjustment is 200 - 300 psi

lves. Adjust the burner

Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

for a smooth ignition of the main flame. Disconnect the wiring to the solenoid on the Suntec B2TC-8931 oil pump. Loosen and remove the knurled nut on the solenoid. Adjust the screw, clockwise to increase the low-fire oil pres sure, and counterclockwise to decrease the low-fire oil pressure, until a smooth ignition of the oil flame is obtained and a satisfactory low-fire oil flame is established. Turn the burner off and restart to ensure smooth ignition is obtained at the set low-fire pressure. Replace knurled nut and tighten finger tight.

4. Adjust the high-fire oil input to match the maximum rating. Turn the burner off and reconnect the wiring to the solenoid valve. Restart the burner and allow the burner to go through ignition and low-fire. When the solenoid energizes, the oil pump discharge pressure is at high-fire pressure. The high-fire pressure adjustment screw is located on the oil pump body. Adjust the screw, clockwise to increase the pressure and counterclockwise to decrease the pressure, until the correct amount of oil pressure is obtained. The high-fire oil pressure should be 300 psi. High-fire is typically 3.5% to 4.5% O2, with less than No.1 smoke (Bacharach). The burner should be adjusted to provide the correct amount of fuel flow at a constant rate at high-fire position as indicated on the burner data plate located inside the control panel.

5. Tighten all linkages and marked settings. Complete the Startup Report.

LOW-HIGH-OFF/LOW OIL BURNER ADJUSTMENT

The Suntec B2TD-8842 oil pump is typically incorporated and is a two-stage, two-step oil pump. The lowfire pressure adjustment is 100 - 200 psi (solenoid de-energized). High-fire pressure adjustment is 200 - 300 psi (solenoid energized).

1. Turn the burner switch to the “ON” position.

2. Adjust low-fire with the oil pressure regulating valve to have approximately 100 to 200 psi, and adjust the

air shutter for a clean fire. Record the combustion reading from the flue gas analyzer, normally 3.5% to 4.5% O2 and less than No. 1 smoke (Bacharach). To adjust the oil pressure regulating valve, remove the lockscrew and adjust the pressure by turning the allen screw clockwise to increase pressure, and counterclockwise to decrease pressure.

3. Operate the boiler at low-fire until it is up to operating pressure (steam) or temperature (hot water).

4. Adjust high-fire fuel input to match maximum oil pressure. At high-fire, the pressure should be 300 psi.

Verify and record the readings and pressures. High-fire is typically 3.5% to 4.5% O2 with less than No. 1 smoke (Bacharach). The burner should be adjusted to provide correct fuel flow at a constant rate, at the lowfire and high-fire position as indicated on the burner data plate.

5. Tighten all linkages and marked settings. Complete the Startup Report.

FULL MODULATION OIL BURNER ADJUSTMENT

The oil burner adjustments consist of the oil metering valve and air damper shutters. The oil metering valve position (indicated by a scale on the valve) will vary the oil pressure to the nozzle. Models V13 to V34 use a simplex oil nozzle, while models V35 to V168 use a return flow oil nozzle. An oil pressure gauge should be installed in the return line to monitor the oil pressure. At low-fire, the pressure range in the return line should be between 40 and 80 PSI with the oil metering valve position set between 6 and 8 on the scale. At highfire, the return line pressure will vary from 135 to 200 PSI dependent upon the brand of the oil nozzle. At highfire, the oil metering valve position will be approximately 2 on the scale.

1. Set the “MANUAL-AUTO” switch on the “MANUAL” position.

2. Position the manual flame control potentiometer in the “CLOSED” (low-fire) position.

3. Turn the burner switch to the “ON” position. The burner will start and be in the low-fire position.

4. Adjust low-fire with the metering valve position to have approximately 80 to 90 psi, and adjust the lowfire air shutter for a clean fire. Record the combustion reading from the flue gas analyzer, normally 4.5% to 6.5% O2 and less

2-38 750-177

Profire V Burner Chapter 2

than No. 1 smoke (Bacharach).

5. Operate the boiler at low-fire until it is up to operating pressure the fuel input to the boiler by turning the manual flame control potentiometer towards “OPEN” in small increments. This will cause the metering valve to close, resulting in an increase in the oil pressure feeing the burner nozzle.

6. At each point, allow the burner to operate for a few minutes before rec readings. Observe that your O2 and CO levels remain within an acceptable limit. Adjust the oil pressure as necessary to correct this situation. For burners with the cam trim op obtain correct O2 and CO levels. Continue to do this until the burner reaches high-fire (the potentiometer is at the “OPEN” position).

7. Adjust the high-fire fuel input to match maximum high-fire is typically 3.5% to 4.5% O2 with less than No. 1 smoke (Bacharach). Adjust the high-fire excess air rate using the high-fire shutter adjustment.

8. Modulate the burner to low-fire. Verify the readings once again fuel flow at a constant rate, at the low-fire and high-fire position as indicated on the burner data plate.

9. Tighten all linkages and marked settings. Complete the Star

10. Turn the “MANUAL-AUTO” switch to “AU boiler.

TO”. The burner will now modulate according to the load demand to the

oil pressure. At high-fire, the metering valve should be pressures.

(steam) or temperature (hot water). Then increase

ording the O2, CO, smoke, and pressure

tion, adjust the cam screws throughout the range to

. The burner should be adjusted to provide correct

tup Report.

J. Combination Gas-Oil System

In general, the combination fueled system is to be started first using oil, because as a fuel, oil has a greatercombustion air requirement than natural gas. After being completely adjusted for oil combustion, the burneris restarted and adjusted using natural gas as fuel. Combustion adjustment of the combination burner fornatural gas involves balancing the input rate only against the existing flow of combustion air, as establishedinitially for oil.

NOTE: Do not readjust the air shutter when tuning the combination burner for combustion of natural gas.

NOTE: For burners equipped with a Siemens modulation motor, fuel-air adjustments for each fuel are independent of each other. Refer to the Siemens modulating mo

tor product literature for proper adjustment.

LOW-HIGH-OFF/LOW COMBINATION GAS-OIL BURNER ADJUSTMENT

1. Turn the fuel selector switch to the “OIL” position.

2. Turn the burner switch to the “ON” position.

3. Proceed with startup and adjustments using the same

4. After the system has been completely adjusted for oil firing, selector switch to “GAS”.

5. Proceed with startup and adjustments using the same procedu the air settings set for oil. Correct the O2 levels by adjusting the butterfly valve for models V35-55, and the regulators low and high pressures for models V13-34.

procedures as explained above for oil burners.

place the burner switch to “OFF” and position the fuel

res as explained above for gas burners. Do not alter

750-177 2-39

Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

TYPICAL LINKAGE ADJUSTMENT "DRIVING"

GAS VOLUME CONTROL VALVE

FUEL OIL UNIT

OIL METERING VALVE

AIR INLET HOUSING

MODULATING

MOTOR

DECREASE

TYPICAL LINKAGE ADJUSTMENT "DRIVEN"

INCREASE

DECREASE

INCREASE

FULL MODULATION COMBINATION GAS-OIL BURNER ADJUSTMENT

1. Set the “MANUAL-AUTO” switch to the “MANUAL” position.

2. Position the manual flame control potentiometer in the

3. Turn the fuel selector switch to the “OIL

” position.

“CLOSED” (low-fire) position.

4. Turn the burner switch to the “ON” position.

5. Proceed with startup and adjustments using the same p

6. After the system has been completely adjusted for oil firing,

rocedures as explained above for oil burners.

place the burner switch to “OFF” andposition the fuel

selector switch to “GAS”.

7. Proceed with startup and adjustments using the same procedu

res as explained above for gas burners. Do not alter

the air settings set for oil. Correct the O2 levels by adjusting the butterfly valve.

K. Modulation Control

LINKAGE CONTROL ADJUSTMENT

The linkage consists of adjustable cams, levers, rods and ball joints that transmit motion from the modulating motor to the air damper movement of the air and fuel control devices provide proper fuel-air ratios through the firing range. In linkage adjustments, several important factors serve as guides:

• The modulating motor must be able to complete its full travel range. Restrictions will damage the motor and/or linkage.

• Lever and rod adjustments should be made

, gas butterfly valve and oil metering unit. When properly adjusted, coordinated

with the motor in low-fire position.

The modulating motor will be stopped at the end of its stroke by an internal limit switch. Combustion gas analysis indicates the air to fuel ratio and the degree of complete combustion. The closer the rod comes to parallel with the lever, the slower the rod moves. The angles of the driven levers on the jackshaft can be adjusted to vary the rate of change. The closer the rod to the hub of the lever, the less distance it will travel. Increasing the lever length on the damper, metering unit and valve(s) decreases flow rate.

Figure 2-25: Linkage Adjustment

2-40 750-177

Profire V Burner Chapter 2

LOW FIRE START POSITION OF ROLLER GUIDE MUST FALL WITHIN THESE LIMITS

ROLLER GUIDE

CAM SETPOINT ADJUSTMENT SCREWS

SETPOINT

LOCKING

SCREWS

INCREASE

DECREASE

RETURN SPRING

LESS

SPRING

TENSION

SPRING

TENSION

INCREASE

DECREASE

INCREASE

CAM TRIM ADJUSTMENT

After low and high-fire adjustments are complete, final adjustment is

made with the cam assembly to obtain a good air-fuel ratio throughout the entire firing range. The input of combustion air is fixed at any given point in the modulating cycle. The fuel input may be varied to obtain correct flue gas readings. The adjustment is made to the metering cam by means of the 14 adjusting screws which are turned in (clockwise from the hexsocket end) to increase the flow of fuel, and out (counterclockwise from the hex-socket end) to decrease it. A 3/32” hex key is required. It will be necessary to cut off the short end of a hex key to approximately 3/8” to adjust the first two socket head setscrews at the low-fire position. Take a combustionan alysis at various points of the cam profile. Adjustment can be made without cycling the burner, then operate the automatic modulating cycle to assure satisfactory results. Tighten the locking setscrews.

NOTE: It is essential that the cam spring, cam follower bearing wheel, and cam follower arm at the pivot point be greased sparingly every month to ensure smooth operation of the cam assembly. Regular automotive bearing grease should be used.

PARALLEL POSITIONING ADJUSTMENT

For parallel positioning systems refer to the controls documentation and for information on adjusting the system. For C-B Hawk systems, see the following manuals:

Hawk 1000 — 750-366 Hawk 4000 — 750-342

In a properly tuned parallel positioning system the independent actuators for fuel, will be coordinated to provide optimum combustion throughout the firing range.

750-177 2-41

Figure 2-26: Cam Trim Adjustment

to the accompanying wiring diagram

air, and FGR (if so equipped)

Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

OPEN

FRONT

IR SHUTTER

REAR AIR SHUTTER

Figure 2-27: Air Shutters

DANGER

WARNING

L. Air and Fuel Controls

The V series burners have a two-blade air shutter design. Both blades are coupled together and are attached to the modulation motor. Changing the positions of the linkage rods on the linkage control arms will change the way the damper blades open and close.

Fuel and air flow rates can be individually adjusted at low-fire and high-fire to ac firing rate turndown, optimum efficiency, safe operation, and the ability to cope with environmental changes (air temperature, humidity, barometric pressure), and fuel property changes. Adjustments may be required to meet certain environmental emissions criteria, such as NOx or CO. Combustion adjustments also vary with specific system applications.

Turndown capability for oil is less than that of natural

s. On combination fueled burners, gas turndown

ga performance may be restricted by the excess air and fuel turndown levels set for oil combustion.

hieve rated heat input,

Excess air (O2) and unburned fuel (CO) levels

in boiler flue gases are used to determine combustionefficiency and fuel and air input adjustments. The system should be adjusted to a minimum excess airquantity that provides low levels of unburned fuel with sufficient remaining O2 to cope with normal atmospheric and fuel related changes. Unburned fuel is measured as CO when burning natural gas, and smoke spots when burning oil.

The burner should be set up and maintained to yield

oke spot levels less than No. 1 spot (ASTM

sm D2156 Shell Bacharach Scale) to minimize soot and buildup in the boiler.

Keep fingers away from the air inlet area of the damper. The damper is actuated with sufficient force to cause severe injury.

2-42 750-177

Profire V Burner Chapter 2

DANGER

WARNING

DANGER

WARNING

M. Maintenance

A maintenance program avoids unnecessary downtime, costly repairs, and promotes safety. It is recommended that a record be maintained of daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly maintenance activities.

Electrical and mechanical devices require systematic and “automatic” features do not relieve the operator from responsibility, but rather frees him from certain repetitive chores, providing time for upkeep and maintenance.

Unusual noise, improper gauge reading, leak, sign of overheating, etc. can indicate a developing malfunction

quiring corrective action.

ONLY FACTORY AUTHORIZED BURNER SERVICE PERSONNEL SHOULD START UP, ADJUST, OR SERVICE THE EQUIPMENT.

ANY COVER PLATES, ENCLOSURES, OR GUARDS ANCHORED TO THE BURNER, OR ANY BURNER RELATED EQUIPMENT, MUST REMAIN IN POSITION AT ALL TIMES. ONLY DURING MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE SHUTDOWN CAN THESE COVER PLATES, ENCLOSURES, OR GUARDS BE ALLOWED TO BE REMOVED. THEY MUST BE REPLACED, AND SECURELY ANCHORED BEFORE TESTING, ADJUSTING, OR RUNNING THE BURNER OR BURNER RELATED EQUIPMENT.

periodic inspection and maintenance. Any

CONTROL SYSTEM

Most operating controls require ver connections. Keep the controls clean. Remove any dust from the interior of the control. Covers should be left on controls at all times. Keep the control cabinet doors closed. Dust and dirt can damage motor starters and relay contacts. Starter contacts are plated with silver and are not harmed by discoloration. Never use files or abrasive materials such as sandpaper on contact points.

PROGRAMMING CONTROL

This control requires no adjustment, nor should any attempt be made Those programmers with contacts may require occasional cleaning. If so, follow instructions given in the manufacturer’s bulletin. Never use abrasive materials. The manufacturer’s bulletin also contains troubleshooting information. The flame detector lens should be cleaned as often as conditions demand.

A periodic safety check procedure should be established to test verify safety shutdown with a safety lockout upon failure to ignite the pilot or the main flame, and upon loss of flame. Each of these conditions should be checked on a scheduled basis. The safety check procedures are contained in the manufacturer’s bulletin.

y little maintenance beyond regular inspection. Examine electrical

to alter contact settings or timing logic.

the complete safeguard system. Tests should

750-177 2-43

Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

BLOWER MOTOR

IMPELLER WHEEL

FLEXIBLE COUPLING

ACCESS

COVER

656-10212-000

AIR HANDLING SYSTEM

A balanced blower wheel requires minimal maintenance. Check

for dirt buildup and clean the blades as required. Inspect the impeller hub and blades for cracks. Replace if any are noticed. Make sure the air inlet cone fits inside the impeller.

Figure 2-28: Air Handling System

IMPELLER AND INLET CONE

Proper clearance between the impeller and the inlet housing set at 3/8” nominal. Adjust the

inlet cone so itis centered in the inlet of the impeller and tighten the bolts. There should be no contact between the inlet cone and the impeller. Inserting a bar through the impeller blade and using it as a lever will only damage the blade.

FIRING HEAD INSPECTION

Open side access panels to view the drawer

assembly. Inspect the lead wire to the ignition electrode. It must be firmly attached and the insulation should be clean and free of cracks. The oil nozzle should be inspected periodically.

If fibrous material is discovered in the gas spud ports, remove the

gas spud and back flush with shop air. Further inspection of gas piping and gasket connections must be made to isolate the contaminate source. Be sure to orientate the gas spuds in the correct position when reassembling the gas spuds.

The drawer assembly may be removed for

inspection and/or service. For drawer assembly drawings, refer to

Figures 2-15 to 2-24.

1. Shut off the burner; position the switch to “Off”.

2. Shut off all electric power to the burner.

3. Disconnect the fuel lines from the drawer assembly access cover.

2-44 750-177

Profire V Burner Chapter 2

4. After making note of where the bolts are located in relationship to the access cover slots, remove the drawer assembly access cover bolts. Pull the drawer partially out of the housing. Reach inside todisconnect the ignition cables from the electrodes for direct spark applications. Pull the drawer assembly completely out of the housing.

5. To reinstall the drawer assembly, insert it part way into the housing, connect the ignition cables, if applicable, and seat the assembly fully. Install the access cover bolts loosely. Slide the cover into the original location and tighten the bolts. Reconnect the fuel lines.

PILOT AND IGNITION ELECTRODE

Failure to keep the ignition electrode clean and properly set can cause faulty operation. Not only must the gap be correct, but the electrode points must be carefully located with respect to the nozzle. Sometimes difficulty in securing the electrodes in their clamps can be corrected by using light metal shims around the porcelain. Defective or cracked porcelains require replacement to prevent short circuiting of the spark. A gradual wearing away of the electrode tips may require re-spacing of the points or replacement of the electrode.

The pilot should be checked monthly for loosening of components and carbon buildup. Before removing the pilot, ensure that the fuel supply is shut off.

On direct spark oil units, once the drawer assembly has been removed, check the electrode to nozzle gap and adjust if necessary.

For burners equipped with a gas pilot, the pilot is located on the side opposite to the main gas entrance.

1. Close the gas pilot cock.

2. Disconnect the pilot gas supply line.

3. Remove the screws on the pilot access plate.

4. Disconnect the pilot gas supply line.

5. Remove the screws on the pilot access plate.

6. Disconnect the high voltage ignition cable by pulling it straight back, away from the pilot assembly.

7. The pilot gun assembly will slide back away from the flame side of the burner.

8. Once the pilot assembly is clear of the burner head bracket, turn the pilot assembly and retract it through the access hole.

9. Inspect the electrode and adjust the gap if necessary.

10. Thoroughly clean and adjust the porcelain insulated electrodes.

11. Correct all variations from the clearance dimensions.

12. If the insulation on the high voltage cables becomes cracked or charred, install new cables. Ignition cable should not be exposed to moisture, abrasion, or rough handling.

13. See that the connectors are in perfect contact with the cable end. Unscrewing the snap portion of the connector will show whether this is true.

FLAME SCANNER

The scanner must be clean. Even a small amount of contamination will reduce the flame signal. Wipe the scanner lens with a clean soft cloth. Check pilot and flame signal strength.

To insure proper atomizing, the tip must be screwed in tightly with the swirler seating spring pressing the swirler tight against the nozzle tip. Turn the swirler a few times to be sure it fits snugly in the nozzle and the spring is pressing the two parts firmly together. When reinstalling, be sure the nozzle is centered with the proper distance from the diffuser.

750-177 2-45

Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

OIL NOZZLE

The nozzle should be checked. Inside the nozzle lies a small screen that keeps out any particle not caught by the strainer. These particles will interfere with the normal oil flow pattern exiting the nozzle. A distorted flame can indicate a clogged nozzle. Inspect and clean the nozzle and screen. To clean the screen, swirler, and tip, unscrew the tip from the nozzle body. Clean the nozzle parts in solvent. Never use wire or sharp metal tools to clean the nozzle orifice. A metal tool will distort the orifice and ruin the nozzle. Reassemble the nozzle. The tailpiece must be screwed in with the swirler seating tight against the tip to ensure proper atomization. Reassemble the nozzle into the nozzle body. If a nozzle is replaced, it must be an identical nozzle (make, size, and spray angle).

DIFFUSER

The diffuser is factory set and does not require attention under normal operating conditions. If fouled with carbon, the diffuser should be removed for cleaning:

1. First remove the electrode leads, the gas pilot assembly, air and oil tubes before you attempt to remove the diffuser.

2. Mark the diffuser relative position to the blast tube, with a scribed or pencil line where the three mounting screws are located, to insure that the diffuser is placed back in the same position.

3. Remove the screws holding the diffuser to the blast tube and slowly pull the diffuser along the blast tube towards the firing head.

4. Clean all carbon from the diffuser vanes and reinstall in reverse order of disassembly aligning the diffuser with the scribed marks.

5. When reinstalling, be sure the diffuser is centered with the proper distance.

FIRING RATE CONTROLS

Check all rods and linkages. Make sure all connections are tight. Adjust if necessary. Perform a combustion test and readjust the burner if necessary.

BURNER MOUNTING INSPECTION

The seal between the burner flange and furnace front plate must not permit combustion gases to escape. Periodic inspection is important.

OIL SYSTEM

Little maintenance is required on the oil systems other than cleaning the oil filter. This procedure should bedone at regular intervals. Increased inlet vacuum reading may indicate a clogged filter. Follow the strainer manufacturer’s maintenance schedule.

Maintenance checks on the flexible coupling between the fuel unit and motor for alignment, tightness and wear and oil piping connection tightness should also be made at regular intervals. You access the coupling by removing the airbox cover and loosening the two setscrews on the flex coupling.

2-46 750-177

Profire V Burner Chapter 2

DANGER

CAUTION

GAS SYSTEM

Check the gas train for leaks. Check the gas valves and verify the low and high gas pressure settings.

All power must be disconnected before servicing the valves.

SOLENOID VALVES

A faint hum from the solenoid is normal when the coil is energized. Should the valve fail to operate, check that there is voltage at the valve coil. If there is no voltage at the coil, check for loose wiring connections. If there is proper voltage at the valve coil and the valve still fails to open, replace the coil. Refer to manufacturer’s bulletin for correct procedure in coil replacement.

Should it become necessary to replace the complete valve, be sure that the flow is in the direction of the arrow on the valve body.

Test for gas leaks and check valve action several times to ensure proper operation before attempting to relight burner.

MOTORIZED MAIN GAS VALVES

Should the valve fail to operate, check for voltage at the valve. Make certain that the main shutoff cock is closed prior to testing. The actuator is not field repairable nor should it be disassembled. Replace the actuator if valve fails to operate.

After replacement, cycle the valve with the fuel shut off to determine that it opens and closes. If the valve has a visual indicator, observe its position for correct operation.

ELECTRIC MOTORS

Motor supply voltage must not vary more than 10 percent from nameplate ratings. At initial startup and atleast once a year thereafter, check the motor current with a meter while the burner is in high-fire position. Ifthe reading exceeds the nameplate rating plus service factor, determine the cause and correct it immediately. In dusty locations, clean the motor regularly to assure adequate cooling. Lubricate in accordancewith the manufacturer's instructions.

CHECKING FLAME FAILURE

Pilot Flame Failure

1. Shut off the main fuel supply and close the gas pilot shutoff cock.

2. The pilot ignition circuit will be energized at the end of the pre-purge period. There should be an ignition spark, but no flame. Since there is no flame to be detected, the program relay will signal the condition.

3. The ignition circuit will de-energize and the control will lock out on a safety shutdown and the flame failure light will be activated.

4. The blower will run through post-purge and stop. Turn the burner switch off and reset the safety switch. Re-open the gas pilot shutoff cock and re-establish main fuel supply.

750-177 2-47

Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

Main Flame Failure

1. Shut off the main fuel supply and leave the gas pilot shutoff cock open.

2. Turn the switch on. The pilot will light upon completion of the pre-purge period. The main fuel valves will be energized, but there should be no main flame.

3. The fuel valves de-energize within four seconds after the main burner ignition trial ends. The control will lock out on a safety shutdown.

4. The flame failure light (and optional alarm) will be activated. The blower motor will run through the post-purge and stop. Turn the burner switch off and reset the safety switch. Re-establish main fuel supply.

Loss of Flame

1. With the burner in normal operation, shut off the main burner fuel supply to extinguish main flame.

2. The fuel valves will be de-energized and the relay will signal the condition within four seconds. Thecontrol will then lock out on a safety shutdown.

3. The flame failure light (and optional alarm) will be activated. The blower motor will run through the post-purge period and stop.

Turn the burner switch off and reset the safety switch. Re-establish the main fuel supply.

EXTENDED SHUTDOWN

When shutting down the burner for an extended period of time, the operator should use the following general guidelines to protect the burner from its surrounding elements. This will add to the operating life of the burner:

1. Turn the main electrical disconnect switch to the burner to “Off.”

2. Close all main fuel valves.

3. If the burner operates in a damp environment, cover it with plastic to protect all electrical components from moisture. Remove burner control and store in a dry area.

2-48 750-177

Profire V Burner Chapter 2

RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE

ITEM SERVICE BY REMARKS

DAILY

Gauges, Monitors, and Indicators Operator Make visual inspection and record readings in log. Instrument and Equipment Settings Operator Make visual check against recommended specifications. Low Water, Fuel Cutoff, and Alarms Operator Refer to instructions.

WEEKLY

Firing Rate Control Operator Verify factory settings. Igniter Operator Make visual inspection. Check flame signal strength. Pilot and Main Fuel Valves Operator Open limit switch. Make audible and visual

position indicators, and check fuel meters.

Flame Failure Controls Operator Close manual fuel supply for (1) pilot and (2) main fuel cock

and/or valve

Flame Signal Strength Controls Operator Read and log the flame signal for both pilot and main flame.

Notify service

Linkages Operator Check all burner linkages for tightness. Tighten if required.

MONTHLY

Low Fan Pressure Interlock Operator Manually adjust until switch opens. High and Low Gas Pressure Inter Scanner and Diffuser Operator Check, inspect, and clean for soot buildup. Pilot Assembly Operator Check for loosening of components, erosio

QUARTERLY

Burner Mounting Flange Operator Check tightness of burner mounting flange and burner drawer. Handhole Covers Operator Check tightness of handhole plates on upper and lower drum. Sight Glass (steam only) Operator Check for leaks around sight glass

ANNUALLY

Strainer (Oil Units) Operator Replace or clean the oil strainer element. Impeller Operator Inspect and clean the combustion impeller. Combustion Test Service Techni-

Pilot Turndown Test Service Techni-

Operating Controls Service Techni-

locks Operator Refer to instructions. Manually adjust until switch opens.

Perform complete combustion test. Adjust burner if necessary.

cian

Read Required after any adjustment to flame

ment. Refer to instructions.

(s). Check safety shutdown timing. Record in log.

if readings are very high, very low, or fluctuating.

packing nuts.

and log data.

check. Check valve

n, or carbon buildup.

, scanner, or pilot adjust-

750-177 2-49

Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

N. Troubleshooting

PROBLEM SOLUTION

Burner Does Not Start 1. No voltage at progra m relay pwoer input terminals.

a. Main disconnect switch open. b. Blown control circuit fuse. c. Loose or broken electrical connection.

2. Pro gram relay safety switch requires resetting.

3. Limit circuit not completed - no voltage at en nal.

a. Pressure or temperature is above setting of operation control. b. Water below required level.

•Low-water light (and alarm horn) should indicate this condition.

•Check manual reset button, if pro

c. Fuel pressure must be within settings of low pressure and high pressure

switches.

d. Check burner air proving switch and high-fire limit switch.

4. High or low gas pressure - investiga te an d repair.

d of limit circuit program relay termi-

vided, on low-water control.

2-50 750-177

Profire V Burner Chapter 2

PROBLEM SOLUTION

No Ignition 1. Lack of spark.

a. Electrode grounded or porcelain cracked. b. Improper electrode setting. c. Loose terminal on ignition cable, cable shorted. d. Inoperative ignition transformer. e. Insufficient or no voltage at pilot ignition circuit terminal.

2. Spark but no flame. a. Lack of fuel - no gas pressure, closed fuel valve, empty tank, broken line. b. Too much air flow. c. No voltage to pilot solenoid. d. Defective pilot solenoid. e. Improperly positioned electrode (direct spark models).

3. Low -fire switch open in low-fire proving circuit. a. Damper motor not closed, sli b. Damper jammed or linkage binding.

pped cam, defective switch.

4. Running interlock circuit not completed. a. Combustion proving switches defective or not prope b. Motor starter interlock contact not closed.

5. Flame detector defective, sight tube obstructed, or lens dirty.

PROBLEM SOLUTION

Pilot Flame, But No Main Flame 1. Insufficient pilot flame.

2. Gas fired un it. a. Manual gas cock closed. b. Main gas valve inoperative. c. Gas pressure regulator inoperative.

3. Oil fired unit. a. Oil supply cut off by obstruction, b. Supply pump inoperative c. No fuel. Broken, loose or missing oil pump coupling. d. Main oil valve inoperative. e. Check oil nozzle, gun and lines.

rly set.

closed valve, or loss of suction.

4. flame detector defective, sight tube obstructed or lens dirty.

5. In sufficient or no voltage at main fuel valve circuit terminal.

750-177 2-51

Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

PROBLEM SOLUTION

Burner Stays in Low-Fire 1. Pre ssure or temper ature above modulating control setting.

2. Ma nual-automatic switch in wrong

3. Inoperative modulating motor.

4. Defective modulating control.

5. Bindi ng or loose linkages, cams, setscrews, etc.

PROBLEM SOLUTION

Shutdown Occurs During Firing 1. Loss or stoppage of fuel supply.

2. Defective fu el valve, loose electrical connection.

3. Flame detector weak or defective.

4. Scanner lens dirty or sight tube obstructed.

5. If th e programmer lockout switch has not tripped, check the limit circuit for an opened safety control.

6. If th e programmer lockout switch has tripped: a. Check fuel lines and valves. b. Check flame detector. c. Check for open circuit in running interlock d. The flame failure light is energized by ignition failure, main flame failure, inad-

equate flame signal, or open control in the running interlock circuit.

position.

circuit.

7. Impro per air/fuel ratio. a. Slipping linkage. b. Damper stuck open. c. Fluctuating fuel supply.

•Temporary obstruction in the fuel line.

•Temporary drop in gas pressure.

8. Interlock device inoperative or defective.

9. air in the oil lines. Bleed lines.

2-52 750-177

Profire V Burner Chapter 2

PROBLEM SOLUTION

Modulating Motor Does Not

Operate

1. Ma nual-automatic switch in wrong position.

2. Linkage loose or jammed.

3. Motor does not drive to open or close du

4. Motor does not operate on demand.

O. Burner Specs

Model FLX Burner Characteristics

ring pre-purge or close on burner shut-

down. a. Motor defective. b. Loose electrical connection. c. Damper motor transformer defective.

a. Manual-automatic switch in wrong position. b. Modulating control improp c. Motor defective. d. Loose electrical connection. e. Damper motor transformer defective.

erly set or inoperative.

Model No.

Burner Maximum

MBH

Input

Burner Model

Fan Motor (3450 RPM)

ltage

FLX-150 1500 PFVLG-15 115/230/1/60 FLX-200 2000 PFVLG-20 115/230/1/60 FLX-250 2500 PFVLG-25 115/230/1/60 FLX-300 3000 PFVLG-30 115/230/1/60 FLX-350 3500 PFVLG-35 208/230/1/60 FLX-400 4000 PFVLG-40 208/230/1/60 FLX-450 4500 PFVLG-45 208-230/460/3/60 FLX-500 5000 PFVLG-50 230/460/3/60 FLX-550 5500 PFVLG-55 230/460/3/60 FLX-600 6000 PFVLG-60 460/3/60 FLX-700 7000 PFVLG-70 460/3/60 FLX-800 8000 PFVLG-80 460/3/60

FLX-900 9000 PFVLG-90 460/3/60 FLX-1000 10000 PFVLG-100 460/3/60 FLX-1100 11000 PFVLG-110 460/3/60 FLX-1200 12000 PFVLG-120 460/3/60

Notes:

1. Burner m odel selection shown is subject to changed and is based on actual application (altitude, gas pressure, reduced

750-177 2-53

Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

NOx, etc.)

2. Standard voltage for Canadian appli cation is 575/3/60.

3. Burner operation is Full Modulation on Elit ulated firing on 700 and greater.

4. Burner models shown are for combination gas/oil firing. For straigh letter G.

e Series and for the Econo series Low-High-Low for units 150 - 600 and mod-

t gas, delete the letter L, and for straight oil, delete the

Model FLX Minimum Required Gas Pressure

Model No.

FLX-150 1 11.2 12.5 PFVG-15 FLX-200 1 19.4 21.7 PFVG-20 FLX-250 1.5 12.4 15.7 PFVG-25 FLX-300 1.5 15.9 20.7 PFVG-30 FLX-350 1.5 15.5 22.0 PFVG-35 FLX-400 1.5 18.7 27.2 PFVG-40 FLX-450 2 16.0 26.7 PFVG-45 FLX-500 2 17.6 21.0 PFVG-50 FLX-550 2 22.9 27.1 PFVG-55 FLX-600 2 20.0 24.9 PFVG-60 FLX-700 2 25.2 31.9 PFVG-70 FLX-800 2.5 19.9 22.2 PFVG-80 FLX-900 2.5 24.7 27.7 PFVG-90

FLX-1000 2.5 31.6 31.6 PFVG-100

FLX-1100 2.5 37.3 37.3 PFVG-110

FLX-1200 2.5 38.2 38.2 PFVG-120

Std. Gas T rain Size

(In.) Note

Min. Gas Pressure

(in WC) Note 4

Min. Gas Pressure

(in WC) Note 5

Burner Model

Notes:

1. Table is based on 1,000 Btu/cu. ft. natural gas and elevation of 1,000 feet.

2. Mini mum gas pressure also applies to 200 fuel series.

3. As an option, the standard gas train can be replaced with an oversized design

4. Use this column for all U.S. installations.

5. Use this column for all Canadian installations.

2-54 750-177

to reduce inlet gas pressure requirements.

9028-BC

START-UP / SERVICE REPORT

Test Conducted

GAS OIL

Low 50% High Low 50% High

Firing Rate MMBtu / gph

Stack Temp (Gross) oF

Room Temp oF

O2%

CO2%

CO (PPM)

NOx (PPM)

Smoke (Bacharach)

Combustion Eff.%

Stack Draft "W.C.

Furnace Pressure "W.C.

Blast tube Pressure "W.C.

Steam Pressure PSIG

Water Temperature oF

Supply oil pressure PSIG

Return oil pressure PSIG

Vacuum oil pump "HG

Oil Temperature

Atom. air pressure

Gas Pressure @ Burner Inner Manifold

Manifold "W.C. Outer Manifold

Center Gas pressure "W.C.

Gas Pressure @ Regulator Inlet PSIG

Gas Pressure @ Regulator Outlet PSIG

Pilot Gas Pressure @ Regulator Outlet "W.C.

Flame Signal Main Low 50% High

Control Checks Test Set Point

Low Water Cut Off

Aux. LWCO

High Water Cut Off

Operating Limit

High Limit

Operating Control

Stack Temp Interlock

Flame Failure

Combustion Air Switch

High Purge Switch

Low Fire Interlock

Oil Pressure Switch

Oil Valve with P.O.C.

Interlock

High Gas Pressure Switch

Low Gas Pressure Switch

Gas Valve P.O.C. Interlock

Pilot Turndown Test

Flame Signal Pilot

(For Low NOx Burners)

Blast Tube Temp. Interlock

FGR Line Purge Switch

FGR Valve P.O.C. Switch

Voltage Amperage

Electric Motors L1 L2 L3 L1 L2 L3

Control Voltage

Blower Motor

Air Compressor

Air-Oil or Metering

Adjusted by:

Date:

Accepted by:

(Signature Required)

The following information should be ﬁlled in by the service technician at start-up or after any adjustment to the burner.

A copy of the start-up report MUST be returned to CB in order to validate the warranty of the burner.

Burner Model Serial Number Start-up Date

Profire V Burner Chapter 2

750-177 2-55

Chapter 2 Profire V Burner

2-56 750-177

CHAPTER 3

Pressure Vessel Care

A. General 3-1

B. Water Requirements (Hot Water Boilers) 3-1

C. Water Requirements (Steam Boilers) 3-4

D. Water Treatment 3-4

E. Blowdown 3-5

F. Cleaning 3-6

G. Boilout 3-7

H. Washing Out 3-9

I. Periodic Inspection 3-10

J. Preparation For Extended Layup 3-11

A. GENERAL

This chapter is devoted primarily to the waterside care of the pressure vessel.

Proper water supply and treatment are essential to boiler life and length of service. Proper water treatment will pay dividends in the form of longer life, less downtime, and prevention of costly repairs.

Hot water boilers require proper circulation. The system must

be operated as intended by its designer in order to avoid the possibility of thermal shock with severe stress to the pressure vessel.

Although it is of prime importance, the subject of water supply and treatment cannot adequately be covered in this manual. For specific information or assistance with your water treatment requirements, contact your local Cleaver- Brooks authorized representative.

B. WATER REQUIREMENTS (HOT WATER BOILERS)

Air Removal

The hot water outlet (Figure 3-1) is located in the top drum of the boiler. This location reduces the possibility of released air (which is trapped at the top of the drum) from entering the system. Any air (or oxygen) that may be released in the boiler will collect at the top of the upper drum, where it will escape through the air vent tapping. The tapping must be properly piped to the expansion tank or a stand pipe collect at the top of the drum.

and air bleeder to remove gases that

A. HOT WATER OUTLET B. AIR VENT TAPPING C. PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE GAUGES

Figure 3-1: Upper Drum (Hot Water)

750-177 3-1

Chapter 3 General Description

Continuous Flow

The system must be piped and the controls arranged so that there will be water circulation through the boiler under all operating conditions. Constant circulation through the boiler eliminates the possibility of stratification within the unit.

Refer to Table 3-1 to determine the minimum continuous flow rate through the boiler.

Table: 3-1 Minimum Flow Rates for Hot Water Boilers

DT = 20F DT = 40F DT = 60F DT = 80F DT = 100F

MODEL

NO.

FLX-150 1.14 122.0 0.30 61.1 0.13 41.1 0.08 30.8 0.05 24.4

FLX-200 1.14 162.3 0.30 81.1 0.13 54.1 0.08 40.6 0.05 32.5

FLX-250 1.77 202.8 0.46 101.4 0.21 67.6 0.12 50.7 0.08 40.6

(PSIG)

GPM DP (PSIG) GPM DP (PSIG) GPM DP (PSIG) GPM DP (PSIG) GPM

FLX-300 1.85 243.4 0.48 121.7 0.22 81.1 0.12 60.9 0.08 48.7

FLX-350 2.49 284.0 0.65 142.0 0.29 94.7 0.17 71.0 0.11 56.8

FLX-400 1.35 324.5 0.35 162.3 0.16 108.2 0.09 81.1 0.06 64.9

FLX-450 1.71 365.1 0.44 182.6 0.20 121.7 0.11 91.2 0.08 73.0

FLX-500 2.03 405.7 0.54 202.8 0.25 135.2 0.14 101.4 0.09 81.1

FLX-550 2.50 446.3 0.67 223.1 0.31 148.7 0.17 111.5 0.11 89.2

FLX-600 2.99 486.8 0.77 243.4 0.35 162.3 0.20 121.7 0.13 97.4

FLX-700 1.75 567.9

FLX-800 2.27 649.1 0.59 324.5 0.27 216.4 0.15 162.3 0.10 129.8

FLX-900 2.85 730.2 0.74 365.1 0.33 243.4 0.19 182.6 0.12 146.0

FLX-1000 4.08 811.4 1.02 405.6 0.42 270.4 0.25 202.8 0.15 163.6

FLX-1100 4.42 892.6 1.15 446.2 0.48 297.4 0.28 223.0 0.18 178.4

FLX-1200 6.20 973.6 1.60 486.8 0.59 324.6 0.31 243.4 0.22 194.8

CAUTION

DANGER

0.45 284.0 0.21 189.3 0.12 142.0 0.08 113.6

ABC

EFG

In order to avoid damage to the equipment, a circulating pump should be interlocked with the burner so that the burner cannot operate unless the circulating pump is running.

It is recommended that the system circulating pumps be kept running, even though the heat users do not require hot water. The relief device or bypass valve will allow continuous circulation through the boiler and will help prevent rapid replacement of boiler water with “cold” zone water.

CAUTION

DANGER

The operator should determine that a circulation of water exists through the boiler before initial firing or when firing after the unit has been drained and refilled. A reduced circulation of water or no water circulation through the boiler when the burner is operating may result in damage to the equipment.

3-2 750-177

General Description Chapter 3

System Pressure

The design of the system and the usage requirements often will dictate the pressure exerted upon the boiler. Some systems are pressurized with nitrogen. Caution must be

relationship of pressure to temperature exists within the boiler so that all of its internal surfaces are fully wetted at all times. It is for this reason that the internal boiler pressure, as indicated on the water pressure gauge, must be held to the level shown in Figure 3-2.

exercised to make sure that the proper

240

230

220

210

200

190

It is advisable to install a thermometer in the return line to indicate return water temperature. With the

180

return water temperature and the supply water temperature to the system known, the temperature differential will be established. Knowing the flow rate, the operator easily can detect any excessive load condition and take appropriate corrective action.

Pressure Drop

There will be a pressure drop of less than 4 psi through all

standardly equipped Cleaver-Brooks

170

SUPPLY WATER TEMPERATURE - F

160

150

10 12 14

Figure 3-2: Minimum System Operating Pressure

16 18 20 22 24

SYSTEM PRESSURE - PSI

boilers operating in any system that has more than the 20°F temperature drop. This drop will vary with boiler size and circulation rate. For specific information, refer to table 3-1, Minimum Flow Rates for Hot Water Boilers.

Minimum Boiler Water Temperature

The recommended minimum boiler water temperature (outlet or supply) should be no less than 160°F (71°C) when the

boiler is operating. This is specifically relevant during times when there is little load or during

intermittent firing. The recommended minimum system return water temperature shall be 140°F (60°C) when firing natural gas or 150°F (66°C) when firing oil. And for special burner applications firing digester gas, minimum return water should always be above 160°F (71°C) and supply outlet temperature greater than 170°F (77°C).

These recommendations are provided to reduce or minimize the formation of condensation on the fireside of the boiler. Failure to do so will lead to corrosion of the boiler tubes and will not be covered by warranty. When supply temperature is lower than 160°F (71°C), the combustion gases are cooled to the point where the water vapor in the gases condenses. When this occurs, fireside corrosion may result if the condensed moisture stays on the steel fireside surfaces. This may occur more frequently during seasonal or light load conditions and specifically if the boiler is oversized for the system load.

If the system water temperature requirement is to be less than 160°F (71°C), mixing valves or blend pump should be employed to mix the supply water with return water. NOTE: When system 3-way valves are used, they should be set so that the boiler is not by-passed, thus impairing circulation within the boiler when the burner is firing. This could lead to over-temperature and nuisance shutdowns, as the high limit control will trip, requiring a manual reset of the control. Repeated overheating could lead to other damage.

Multiple Boiler Installations

When multiple boilers of equal or unequal size are installed, care must be taken to ensure proportional flow through the boilers. Proportional flow can best be accomplished by use of balancing cocks and gauges in the supply line from each boiler. If balancing cocks or orifice plates are used, a significant pressure drop (for example, 3-5 psi) must be taken across the balancing device to accomplish proportional flow.

750-177 3-3

Chapter 3 General Description

Variations in water temperature and firing rates will result if care is not taken to ensure proportional flow through the boilers. In extreme cases, differences in firing rates could result in a net header water temperature below the desired temperature.

C. WATER REQUIREMENTS (STEAM BOILERS)

Deaeration

The most important factor in the life of a steam pressure vessel is the proper conditioning of the boiler feed water. Corrosive gasses, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, must be removed from the feed water in order to prevent degradation of the pressure vessel. For this reason Cleaver- Brooks recommends the use of a deaeration system as an integral part of a complete boiler installation. If circumstances do not allow the implementation of a deaeration system, then serious consideration should be given to effective alternatives such as a feed water preheater combined with a chemical oxygen scavenger. Complete boiler water chemistry parameters are given in Table 3-3.

Feed Water Supply

The internal dynamics of the Model FLX steam boilers require the capability to deliver large quantities of feed water to the boiler on demand. (Feed water inlet Figure 3-3.) Sudden changes in firing rate or operating pressure of the boiler will initiate a “call for water” from the

make-up controller, which will require that the feed water be delivered to the boiler in sufficient quantities to prevent a low water cutoff trip. Table 3-2 lists the minimum feed water flow requirements for the various boiler models. In addition, feed water must be warmed to a minimum of 60°F. in order to ensure reliable operation of the boiler. The feed water supply should be adjusted to deliver water to the boiler at or above these minimum rates.

Figure 3-3: Feed Water Inlet Steam Boiler

Table: 3-2 Minimum Boiler Feed Water Flow Rates (Steam Boiler)

BOILER MODEL 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200

Minimum Feed Rate (gpm) 4.9 6.6 8.2 9.9 11.6 13.2 14.9 16.5 18.2 19.8 23.1 26.4 29.7 33.0 36.3 39.6

Note: Feedwater to the boiler must be at least 60 F for minimum performance; 212 F is preferred.

D. Water Treatment

Properly treated boiler water will result in maximum effectiveness and long trouble-free life of the pressure vessel. Contact your local Cleaver-Brooks Representative or water management consultant for complete information on how to prevent damage resulting from inadequate water treatment.

The objectives of water treatment in general are to:

• Prevent hard scale and soft sludge deposits that inhibit heat transfer and that could lead to overheated metal and costly downtime and repairs.

• Eliminate corrosive gases in the supply or boiler water.

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General Description Chapter 3

To accomplish these objectives, the boiler requires proper water treatment before and after introduction of water into the unit. The selection of pretreatment processes depends upon the water source, its chemical characteristics, the amount of makeup water needed, system operation practices, etc.

Because of the variables involved, no one boiler compound can be considered a cure-all; nor is it advisable to experiment with homemade treating methods. A sound treatment program should include a periodic analysis of the water in the system.

The internal or waterside surfaces of the pressure vessel should be inspected at sufficient intervals to detect th

e presence of any corrosion, pitting, contamination, or accumulations of foreign matter. If any of these conditions are detected, contact your local Cleaver-Brooks authorized representative for advice on corrective action. It is recommended that a properly sized water meter be installed in the raw water makeup line to accurately determine the amount of raw water admitted to the boiler. It is a false assumption that a hot water boiler does not require water treatment. Even though a hot water unit generally operates on a closed system and blowdown seldom is practiced, the need remains to be alert to system water losses. Knowing the amount of makeup water admitted to the system will aid in maintaining proper waterside conditions.

E. Blowdown

A steam boiler requires periodic blowdown of the boiler and water column (Figure 3-4). Blowdown is the removal of some of the concentrated water from the boiler and the water level control system, in order to lower the concentration of solids in the water.

Solids are introduced to the boiler with the feedwater, even though this water may be treated prior to when the water is heated and evaporated, and tend to accumulate on heating surfaces.

Periodic blowdown and chemical treatment are necessary to prevent concentration of solids in the boiler water, waterside heating surfaces (scaling).

Scale has a low heat transfer value and acts as an insulating barrier on heating surfaces. A buildup of scale will result in lower operating efficiency and, consequently, higher fuel consumption. More importantly, scale buildup can result in overheating of boiler metal. This can result in tube failures or other pressure vessel damage.

Water column and gauge glass blowdown valves are located on the water column assembly. The boiler blowdown tapping(s) can be found at the bottom of the lower drum.

Most blowdown lines are provided with two valves. These are generally a quick-opening valve nearest the boiler and a slow-opening globe-type valve downstream. Valves will vary depending upon pressure involved and the make or manufacturer.

use. These solids become less soluble

and attachment of these solids to

Figure 3-4: Low Water Cutoff and Gauge Glass with

Blowdown Valve

CAUTION

DANGER

Boiler and water level control blowdown must be performed on a regular basis to ensure that concentrated solids are removed from the boiler and in order to avoid damage to the equipment.

Blowdown Procedure

Blowdown is most effective when the boiler water is hot and the burner is being fired at the lowest rate. This ensures that the water in the boiler is being circulated, and that the solids in the water are in suspension.

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CAUTION

DANGER

Be sure that the blowdown piping is in good condition, the discharge vents are clear of obstruction, and that the waste is piped to a safe point of discharge, in order to avoid serious personal injury or death.

If a quick-opening valve and globe-type or slow-opening valve are installed, the quick-opening valve is normally opened first and closed last. Control of the water released from the boiler is accomplished with the slow-opening valve.

CAUTION

DANGER

When initially opening the blowdown valve, open the valve slowly to heat the discharge piping. Failure to follow this procedure could result in rapid expansion and damage to the piping.

The drop of the water level in the gauge glass can be used in determining the length of time that the blowdown valve is left open. This is to be used as a reference only, as proper water analysis on a regular basis will serve as an indicator of the effectiveness of the blowdown procedures used.

CAUTION

DANGER

Do not pump the lever action valve open and closed when draining water during blowdown. The hydraulic forces resulting from this pumping action could break the valve bodies or pipe fittings in the blowdown lines.

Blowdown valves should be closed in a specific order after draining water for blowdown. Close the downstream (slow opening) valve first, followed by the quick-opening valve next to the boiler. Open the downstream valve slightly to release the water trapped between the valves, then close the valve again.

The water column and gauge glass should be blown down by draining until the water in the gauge glass is clear. Open and close the water column and gauge glass blowdown valves slowly, allowing the water in the gauge glass to rise to a normal level before repeating the process.

Under no circumstances should a blowdown valve be left open and unattended during the blowdown operation.

Frequency of Blowdown

In practice, the boiler blowdown valve(s) should be opened periodically in accordance with a set operating schedule. Frequency and duration of the blowdown are to be determined by chemical analysis of boiler water and waterside boiler condition, as observed during regular inspections.

From an economy standpoint, frequent short blowdown is preferred to irregularly scheduled, lengthy blowdown. This is particularly true when the suspended solids content of the water is high.

F. Cleaning

Although it may be necessary to clean the system, information in this chapter deals primarily with cleaning the boiler under isolated conditions.

System piping connected to the boiler may contain oil, grease, or other foreign matter. These impurities must be removed to prevent damage to the heating surfaces of the pressure vessel. Chemical cleaning generally is necessary in this case and the entire system should be drained after cleaning. Consult your local CleaverBrooks information on Boilout, see Section G, in this chapter.

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authorized representative for recommended cleaning compounds and application procedures. For

General Description Chapter 3

Pressure Vessel

Cleaning of the waterside of the pressure vessel should be done during the course of initial installation. The waterside of the pressure vessel must be cleansed of grease, sludge, and foreign material. Such deposits will shorten the life of the pressure vessel and interfere with the efficient operation and function of control or safety devices. In addition, deposits might cause unnecessary and expensive rework, repairs, and downtime.

The pressure vessel and the hot water system represent in effect, a closed system. Although individual components of the system may already have been cleaned, it is possible that:

• The cleaning was not adequate.

• An old system was partially or totally involved.

• Conditions may have prevented an adequate cleaning of the piping.

Therefore, it is recommended that the entire system be cleaned after installation of all components is completed. The pressure vessel waterside should be inspected on a periodic basis. An inspection will reveal the true internal conditions and will serve as a check against conditions indicated by chemical analysis of the boiler water. An inspection should be performed 3 months after the initial start up, then at regular 6, 9, or 12 month intervals thereafter. The frequency of periodic inspections will depend upon the internal conditions found, the particular installation, and the operating conditions that the boiler is subjected to.

If any deterioration or unusual conditions are observed, contact your local Cleaver-Brooks authorized Representative for recommendations.

Table: 3-3 Water Capacity

Boiler Size 150-250 300-350 400-600 700-900 1000-1200

Water Capacity (US gal.) Hot Water 91 106 174 228 269

Water Capacity (US gal.) Steam - Flooded 194 215 293 464 562

G. Boilout

Any oil, grease, or other contamination found to be present on waterside heating surfaces should be removed promptly by boiling out the unit with an alkaline detergent solution.

Note: Before boiling out, the burner must be ready for firing. Refer to CHAPTER 2 - Profire V Burner.

There are several chemicals suitable for boilout. One combination often used is soda ash (sodium carbonate) and caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) at the rate of 3 to 5 pounds each per 1,000 pounds of water, along with a small amount of laundry detergent added as a wetting agent.

If the system is to be cleaned with the boiler, consider the additional water content of the system in determining the amount of chemical required. The water capacity of Cleaver- Brooks FLX Boilers is listed in Table 3-3.

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Boilout Procedure

1. Prepare the boiler for firing by taking the standard precautions. Check for any situations that might present a hazard.

2. Remove upper and lower drum handhole covers and inspect all internal waterside surfaces. Remove debris and wash all internal surfaces, including tubes. It may be necessary to use a high pressure hose or a wash out lance to flush out inaccessible areas. Reinstall the lower drum handhole cover. (Use standard service gaskets during the boilout procedure.)

3. The relief valve(s) must be removed before adding the boilout solution so that neither the solution nor the contaminants that it may carry can come in contact with the valve(s). Use care in removing, handling, and reinstalling these valves.

UPPER HAND HOLE

DOWNCOMER

SIGHT PORT

Note: For relief valve installation information, refer to Chapter 8, Section E. “Controls.”

SYSTEM INLET

4. Replace the regular gauge glass with a temporary gauge glass that can be discarded after the cleaning (steam boilers).

5. An overflow pipe should be connected to one of the top

Figure 3-5: Rear Panel (Hot Water Boiler

boiler openings and routed to a safe point of discharge. A relief valve tapping is usually used for this purpose. The overflow connection to the boiler should incorporate a tee fitting for adding cleaning solution to the boiler.

6. Fill the unit with clean water to a point just below the access port in the upper drum. It is important that the water used for the filling process is at a temperature of 70°F or above.

7. Add the boilout solution using a chemical pump.

WARNING

DANGER

The chemicals used in this procedure are corrosive to eyes and skin. Always refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet to ensure that the proper safety equipment and precautions are present. Failure to heed this warning could result in serious personal injury or death.

8. Reinstall the upper handhole cover.

9. Continue to fill the boiler until it is full (indicated by flow from the overflow connection).

10. Recheck the burner, gauge glass, pressure gauge, feedwater supply and the position of all valves. Make sure that all water feeding and level indicating apparatus are in proper working condition.

11. Fire the boiler intermittently at the burners lowest fire rate until the water reaches the boiling point. The water should be held at this temperature for at least five hours.

Note: Do not produce pressure in the boiler.

12. Throughout the entire process, each blow-down point or valve should be blown at least once every two hours. The total amount of water blown from all points each time should be approximately one-half gauge glass, this amount being equally divided among the various manual blowdown points and continuous blowdown system. Blow the surface and/or continuous blow-down points first, followed by the other blowdown points lower on the boiler. After each blowdown cycle, the water level should be brought back to full. If the total alkalinity in the cleaning solution falls to a level below 3000 ppm, it may be necessary to add additional solution, using a chemical pump.

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General Description Chapter 3

13. Allow a small amount of fresh water to enter the boiler in order to create a slight overflow that will carry off surface impurities. Continue to boil and overflow until the water clears.

14. It is difficult to provide specific recommendations regarding the duration of the cleaning process. In general, a period of 18 to 36 hours will prove sufficient to internally clean the water-side of the boiler. The condition of the water blown from the boiler is the best indicator as to whether the cleaning process is complete.

15. Discontinue firing, and allow the water to cool. After letting the water cool to 120°F or less, drain the boiler.

WARNING

DANGER

Be sure to drain the hot water to a safe point of discharge to avoid the possibility of scalding, serious personal injury or death.

16. Remove the drum handhole cover, and wash the waterside surfaces thoroughly, using a high pressure water stream. Direct the water stream into each individual tube. If possible, this washing should be done from the bottom up. A wash out lance is available from your local Cleaver-Brooks authorized representative.

17. Inspect the waterside surfaces. If they are not clean, repeat the boilout procedures.

18. Replace the handhole covers (using new gaskets) and reinstall the relief valve(s).

19. If the boiler is to be put into service immediately, fill the boiler with clean, treated water and fire the burner until the water has been heated to at least 180°F to drive off any dissolved gases that might otherwise corrode the metal.

20. If the boiler is not to be put into immediate service, refer to the section on boiler layup procedures in this chapter.

H. Washing Out

Depending on system integrity, feedwater quality, or operating conditions, the water side of the boiler may need to be washed out on occasion.

In theory, a hot water system and boiler that have been initially cleaned, filled with clean, treated water, and with no makeup water added, will require no further cleaning or treatment. However, minor system leaks may allow the admission of additional water or air into the boiler.

Introduction of raw (untreated) makeup water or air to a hot water boiler may lead to pitting, corrosion, or formation of sludge, sediment, or scale on the pressure vessel waterside.

The waterside condition of steam boilers can be likewise affected by feedwater quality, load demands, operating conditions, or blowdown practices.

The waterside of a hot water or steam boiler should be cleaned and inspected no later than three months after the boiler is put into service. Subsequent cleaning of waterside surfaces should be performed as indicated through periodic inspection.

In order to thoroughly wash out the waterside of the pressure vessel, the handhole covers at the ends of the upper and lower drums must be removed. The interior surfaces of the drums should be washed with a high pressure hose. Tubes should be cleaned by directing a high pressure stream of water into the end of each tube, first from the bottom, and then from the top drum.

Note: A washout lance for this purpose is available from your local Cleaver- Brooks authorized representative.

Control and water column connections on steam boilers should be checked for accumulated deposits, and cleaned as required.

After waterside cleaning has been completed, replace the handhole covers, using new gaskets.

Note: Handhole cover gaskets are installed dry; that is, without application of a sealing compound.

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Chapter 3 General Description

I. Periodic Inspection

Insurance regulations or local codes and good maintenance will require that the pressure vessel be inspected periodically by an authorized inspector. Sufficient notice is generally required to allow removal of the boiler from service and preparation for inspection. An internal inspection may be required before cleaning or flushing.

Have the following information available for the inspector: boiler design, dimensions, generating capacity, o

perating pressure and temperature, time in service, defects found previously, and any repairs or modifications made to the unit. Reference records of previous inspections also should be available. Be prepared to perform any testing required by the inspector, including a hydrostatic test.

When shutting down a boiler, the load should be reduced gradually and the pressure vessel should be cooled at a rate that avoids a temperature differential that can cause harmful stresses. Normally, all pressure should be relieved before a vessel is drained in order to prevent uneven contraction and temperature differential that can cause tubes to leak. Draining the unit too quickly may cause the baking of deposits that may be present on the heating surfaces.

Note: Check to see that system valves, feedwater valves, all fuel valves, expansion tank, and electrical switches are shut off prior to opening the handholes or the burner access door. After proper cooling and draining of the vessel, flush out the waterside with a high pressure water stream. Remove any scale or deposits from the waterside surfaces and check for internal or external corrosion or leakage.

Fireside surfaces also should be cleaned so that metal surfaces, welds, joints, tube fittings, and any previous repairs can be readily checked.

WARNING

DANGER

To avoid the hazard of electrical shock, which could cause serious personal injury or death, the use of a low voltage flashlight is recommended during an internal inspection.

Fireside Inspection

Access for inspection of the firing chamber, or furnace, is gained through the hinged burner door. Inspection of the upper pass requires removal of the side casing panels and second and fourth pass cover plates. Refer to Chapter 8, Section C, “Fireside Cleaning,” for information regarding outer and inner casing removal.

Fireside tube surfaces should be checked for corrosion or accumulation of soot. Use a vacuum cleaner and wire brush to remove light corrosion or soot.

Localized, heavy corrosion on fireside tube surfaces may indicate a leaking tube or ferrule connection. If a tube or tube ferrule leak is indicated, the source of the leakage must be found and repaired before putting the boiler back in service. A leak from a tube-to-drum connection may require removal and reseating of the tube. A heavily corroded or leaking tube must be replaced in order to assure continued reliable operation of the boiler. Information representative.

Waterside Inspection

Check all water piping and valves for leaks, wear, corrosion, and other damage. Replace or repair the piping and valves as necessary. Inspection covers at one end of the upper and lower drums provide access to the interior of the drums for visual inspection or washout. The interior surfaces of the drums should be examined for any sign of corrosion or accumulation of deposits.

regarding tube replacement can be obtained from your local Cleaver-Brooks authorized

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General Description Chapter 3

J. Preparation for Extended Layup

Many boilers used for heating or seasonal loads or for standby service may have extended periods of non-use. The procedures outlined in this section are designed to allow a boiler to be kept off line for any period of time without damage to the unit. Special care must be taken so that neither waterside nor fireside surfaces are allowed to deteriorate from corrosion. Operating boilers can be protected from corrosion and scale by applying various chemical treatments and monitoring the system on a regular basis. However, boilers that are taken off line, even for short intervals, are susceptible to oxygen attack. Boiler drums and/or tubes may sustain pitting type damage during either wet or dry layup if proper precautions are not taken.

Oxygen solubility at ambient (off-line) temperatures can be many times that of normal boiler operating temperatures. The higher the oxygen concentration, the greater the oxygen corrosion potential. Problems also can occur as a result of improper shutdown procedures, where settled solids can dry in a hard, adherent deposit.

Care must be take to prevent fireside corrosion, especially when firing oil that contains sulfur. Dormant periods, and even frequent shutdowns, expose the fireside surfaces to condensation during cooling. Moisture and any sulfur residue can form an acid solution. Under certain conditions, and especially in areas with high humidity, the corrosive effect of the acid can be serious. An acid solution could eat through or severely damage boiler tubes or other metal heating surfaces during the time that a boiler is out of service.

Too many conditions exist to lay down definite rules for individual installations. In general, there are two methods of storage: wet or dry. Your local Cleaver-Brooks authorized representative can recommend the better method based on the circumstances of your particular installation. Regardless of the method employed, the boiler

should be thoroughly cleaned and inspected prior to storage. With either method, common sense dictates a periodic recheck of fireside and waterside conditions during layup to meet the requirements of special or job site conditions.

Preparing The Boiler For Layup

To prepare a boiler for layup, thoroughly clean the fireside by removing any soot or other products of combustion from the tubes, exposed drum surfaces, and refractory.

CAUTION

DANGER

The insulating refractory covering the top of the bottom drum must be protected from damage when work is being done in the boiler furnace area. Damage to the insulation may eventually cause damage to the boiler itself.

Generally, a good brushing will clean fireside surfaces. Use a wire brush for metal surfaces and a soft bristle brush for the refractory. Sweep away or vacuum any accumulation.

To prevent condensation from forming in the control cabinet, keep the control circuit energized. For extended layup

periods, especially where high humidity or large swings in ambient temperature occur, the flame safeguard control should be removed and stored in a dry atmosphere.

It is recommended that the burner air inlet be blocked to prevent the flow of warm, moist air through the boiler.

CAUTION

DANGER

A label should be affixed to the burner advising that the air inlet has been blocked. Failure to remove the air inlet block when attempting to operate the burner may result in damage to the equipment.

Dry Storage

Dry storage generally is used for boilers that are to be out of service for some time or for boilers that might be subjected to freezing conditions. With the dry storage method, the boiler must be thoroughly dried because any moisture would cause corrosion. Drying can be accomplished by the use of a small stove or heater.

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Chapter 3 General Description

Both fireside and waterside surfaces must be cleaned of all scale, deposits, soot, and other combustion products as soon as possible after shutdown.

All openings to the pressure vessel, such as handholes or inspection ports, should be closed tightly. Feedwater and

system valves should be closed. Dampers should be closed to prevent air from reaching the fireside

surfaces.

Steps must be taken to eliminate moisture by placing moisture-absorbing materials on trays inside the boiler. Two moisture-absorbing materials are: quick-lime (at 2 pounds for 3 cubic feet of volume) or silica gel (at 5 pounds for 30 cubic feet of volume). As soon as the material is in place, close all boiler openings and blank all connections.

WARNING

DANGER

Materials described in this section may be considered hazardous under the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. Material Safety Data Sheets should be obtained and understood prior to the use of these products to avoid the possibility of serious personal injury or death.

Wet Storage

Note: It is always best to consult with a water treatment consultant before proceeding with extended layup.

Wet storage is used when the boiler will be out of service for shorter periods of time, when a boiler is held in standby conditions, or in cases where dry storage is not practical. The boiler held in wet storage can be brought back into service more quickly than one held in dry storage. However, the possibility of freezing temperatures must be considered. Again, take care to protect metal surfaces. Because of the number of variables, it is difficult to offer definite recommendations. However, it is suggested that the pressure vessel be drained, thoroughly cleaned internally, and refilled to overflowing with treated water.

If deaerated water is not available, the unit should be fired to boil the water for a short period of time in order to drive off oxygen in the water.

Tightly close all connections and apply a small positive pressure to compensate for the vacuum that will develop as the unit cools to room temperature. Internal water pressure should be maintained at greater than atmospheric pressure. Nitrogen often is used to pressurize the vessel.

The boiler water should be tested weekly as long as the unit is in storage. Additional chemicals may be required to prevent internal corrosion. If more chemicals are added, it is desirable to circulate the boiler water for a short time by means of an external pump.

Contact your local Cleaver-Brooks authorized representative for water treatment chemicals or for assistance as needed.

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CHAPTER 4

Sequence of Operation

General 4-1

Circuit And Interlock Controls 4-1

Sequence Of Operation - Oil Or Gas 4-3

Flame Loss Sequence 4-4

A. GENERAL

Chapter 4 outlines the electrical sequencing of various controls through the pre-purge, ignition, run, and shutdown cycles of the burner.

The program relay establishes the sequence of operation and directs the operation of all other controls and components to provide an overall operating sequence.

Note: The make or model of the program relay prov ided will vary depending upon job specifications. The following sequence applies regardless of the make or model. Please refer to the Wiring Diagram prepared by Cleaver-Brooks for your specific installation.

Abbreviations for the various electrical components are listed in Table 4-1. The sequences outlined in Chapter 4 employ specific nomenclature to aid in applying the text to the wiring diagram.

The burner and control system are in starting condition when the following conditions exist:

• Boiler water is up to the correct level, closing the low-water cutoff switch.

• The low-water light (panel) is off.

• The operating limit pressure control (steam boiler) or the operating limit temperature control (hot water boiler) and

high limit pressure or temperature control are below their cutoff setting.

• All applicable limits are correct for burner operation.

• The load demand light glows.

All entrance switches are closed and power is present at the line terminals of:

• Blower motor starter

• Oil pump motor starter (if provided).

B. CIRCUIT AND INTERLOCK CONTROLS

The burner control circuit is a two-wire system designed for 115 Vac, 60 Hz, single-phase power.

The electrical portion of the boiler is made up of individual circuits with controls that are wired in a manner designed to provide a safe workable system. The program relay provides connection points for the interconnection of the various circuits.

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Chapter 4 Sequence of Operation

The controls used vary depending upon the fuel oil or gas and the specific requirement of applicable regulatory bodies. Refer to the boiler wiring diagram to determine the actual controls provided. The circuits and controls normally used in the circuits follow and are referred to in the following sequence of operation.

Limit Circuit:

• Burner switch (BS)

• Operating limit control (OLC) - pressure or temperature

• High limit control (HLC) - pressure or temperature

• Low-water cutoff (LWCO)

• Gas-oil selector switch (GOS) - (Combination burner only)

• Low gas pressures switch (LGPS)

• High gas pressure switch (HGPS)

Fuel valve interlock circuit

• Main gas valve auxiliary switch (MGVAS)

• Oil valve auxiliary switch (OVAS)

Blower Motor Starter Circuit

• Blower motor starter (BMS)

Running lnterlock Circuit

• Blower motor starter interlock (BMSI)

• Combustion air proving switch (CAPS)

Low Fire Proving Circuit

• Low fire switch (LFS)

Pilot Ignition Circuit

• Gas pilot valve (GPV)

• Ignition transformer (IT)

• Gas pilot vent valve (GPVV) (if provided)

Flame Detector Circuit

• Flame detector (FD)

• Main fuel valve circuit

•Main gas valve (MGV)

• Main gas vent valve (MGVV) (if provided)

•Oil valve (OV)

• Main fuel valve light (FVL)

ABC

EFG

Firing Rate Circuit

• Damper motor transformer (DMT)

• Modulating damper motor (MDM)

• Manual-automatic switch (MAS)

• Manual flame control (MFC)

• Modulating control (MC)

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Sequence of Operation Chapter 4

To comply with requirements of insurance underwriters such as Factory Mutual (FM), Industrial Risk Insurers (IRI) or others, additional interlock devices may be used in addition to the circuits mentioned in Section B.

High Fire Proving Circuit

• High fire switch (HFS)

Running Interlock and Limit Circuit

• Low oil pressure switch (LOPS)

• High oil pressure switch (HOPS)

• Auxiliary low-water cutoff (ALWCO)

C. SEQUENCE OF OPERATION - OIL OR GAS

On a combination fuel unit, the gas/oil switch must be set for the proper fuel.

The following sequence occurs with power present at the program relay (PR) input terminals and with all other operating conditions satisfied.

Pre-Purge Cycle - When the burner switch (BS) is turned “on,” and controls wired in the “limit” and “fuel valve interlock” circuits are closed and no flame signal is present, the “blower motor start circuit” is powered energizing the blower motor starter (BMS). The load demand light (LDL) turns on.

At the same time, the program relay signals the modulating damper motor (MDM) to open the air damper. The damper begins to open and drives to its full open or high fire position. Opening the damper motor allows a flow of purging air through the boiler prior to the ignition cycle.

On certain boilers the circuitry will include a high fire switch (HFS). The purpose of the switch is to prove that the modulating damper motor (MDM) has driven the damper to the open position during the pre-purge cycle. In this instance, the “high fire proving circuit” is utilized.

The controls wired into the “running interlock circuit” must be closed within 10 seconds after the start sequence. In the event any of the controls are not closed at this time, or if they subsequently open, the program relay will go into a safety shutdown.

At the completion of the high fire purge period, the program relay signals the modulating damper motor (MDM) to drive the air damper to its low fire position.

To assure that the system is in low fire position prior to ignition, the low fire switch (LFS) must be closed to complete the “low fire proving circuit.” The sequence will stop and hold until the modulating damper motor (MDM) has returned to the low fire position and the contacts of the low fire switch (LFS) are closed. Once the low fire switch is closed, the sequence is allowed to continue.

Note: The ignition trial cannot be started if flame or a flame simulating condition is sensed during the prepurge period. A safety shutdown will occur if flame is sensed at this time.

Ignition Cycle - The ignition transformer (IT) and gas pilot valve (GPV) are energized from the appropriate pilot ignition

terminal.

Note: An oil-fired burner may be equipped with a direct spark rather than a gas pilot. The ignition sequence of both is identical.

The pilot flame must be established and proven by the flame detector (FD) within a 10 second period in order for the ignition cycle to continue. If for any reason this does not happen, the system will shut down and safety lockout will occur.

Note: Depending upon the requirements of the regulatory body, insurer or fuel being burned, either the 10 or 15 second pilot ignition terminal may be used. Both provide the same function but differ in time interval allowed for proving main flame ignition. Refer to the boiler wiring diagram.

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Chapter 4 Sequence of Operation

DANGER

WARNING

With a proven pilot, the main fuel valve(s) (OV or MGV) is energized and the main fuel valve light (FVL) in the panel is lighted. The main flame is ignited and the trial period for proving the main flame begins. It lasts 10 seconds for light oil and natural gas. At the end of the proving period, if the flame detector still detects main flame, the ignition transformer and pilot valve are deenergized and pilot flame is extinguished.

Note: If the main flame does not light, or stay lit, the fuel valve will close. The safety switch will trip to lock out the control. Refer to flame loss sequence (section D) for description of action.

The cause for loss of flame or any other unusual condition should be investigated and corrected before attempting to restart. Failure to follow these instructions could result in serious personal injury or death

Run Cycle - With main flame established, the program relay releases the modulating damper motor (MDM) from its low

fire position to control by either the manual flame control (MFC) or the modulating control (MC), depending upon the position of the manual-automatic switch (MAS). This allows operation in ranges above low fire.

With the manual-automatic switch (MAS) set at automatic, subsequent modulated firing will be at the command of the modulating control (MC), which governs the position of the modulating damper motor (MDM). The air damper and fuel valves are actuated by the motor through a linkage and cam assembly to provide modulated firing rates.

Note: Normal operation of the burner should be with the manual-automatic switch in the automatic position and under the direction of the modulating control. The manual position is provided for initial adjustment of the burner over the entire firing range. When a shutdown occurs while operating in the manual position at other than low fire, the damper will not be in a closed position, thus allowing more air than desired to flow through the boiler. Excess air flow subjects the pressure vessel metal and refractory to undesirable conditions.

The burner starting cycle is now complete. The (LDL) and (FVL) lights on the panel remain lit. Demand firing continues as required by load conditions.

Burner Shudown-Post Purge - The burner will fire until steam pressure or water temperature in excess of demand is generated. With modulated firing, the modulating damper motor (MDM) should return to the low fire position before the operating limit control (OLC) opens. When the limit control circuit is opened, the following sequence occurs:

The main fuel valve circuit is deenergized, causing the main fuel valve (MGV) or (OV) to close. The flame is extinguished. The control panel lights (LDL) and (FVL) are turned off. The blower motor continues to run to force air through the boiler for the post purge period.

The blower motor start circuit is deenergized at the end of the post purge cycle and the shutdown cycle is complete.

The program relay is now ready for subsequent recycling, and when steam pressure or water temperature drops to close the contacts of the operating control, the burner again goes through its normal starting and operating cycle.

D. FLAME LOSS SEQUENCE

The program relay will recycle automatically each time the operating control closes, or after a power failure. It will lockout following a safety shutdown caused by failure to ignite the pilot, or the main flame, or by loss of flame. Lockout will also occur if flame or flame simulating condition occurs during the prepurge period.

The control will prevent start-up or ignition if limit circuit controls or fuel valve interlocks are open. The control will lock out upon any abnormal condition affecting air supervisory controls wired in the running interlock circuit.

4-4 750-177

Sequence of Operation Chapter 4

DANGER

CAUTION

The lockout switch must be manually reset following a safety shutdown. The cause for loss of flame or any unusual condition should be investigated and corrected before attempting to restart. Failure to follow these instructions could cause damage to the equipment.

1. No pilot flame

The pilot flame must be ignited and proven within a 10-second period after the ignition cycle begins. If not proven within this period, the main fuel valve circuit will not be powered and the fuel valve(s) will not be energized. The ignition circuit is immediately deenergized and the pilot valve closes, the reset switch lights and lockout occurs immediately.

The blower motor will continue to operate. The flame failure light and the alarm bell (optional) are energized 10 seconds later.

The blower motor will be deenergized. The lockout switch must be manually reset before operation can be resumed. (Refer to the previous caution.)

2. Pilot but no main flame

When the pilot flame is proven, the main fuel valve circuit is energized. Depending upon the length of the trial-for-ignition period, the pilot flame will be extinguished 10 or 15 seconds later. The flame detecting circuit will respond to deenergize the main fuel valve circuit within 2 to 4 seconds to stop the flow of fuel. The reset switch lights and lockout occurs immediately. The blower motor will continue to operate.

The flame failure light and alarm bell (optional) are energized 10 seconds later.

The blower motor will be then deenergized. The lockout switch must be manually reset before operation can be resumed. (Refer to the previous caution.)

3. Loss of flame

If a flame outage occurs during normal operation and/or the flame is no longer sensed by the detector, the flame relay will trip within 2 to 4 seconds to deenergize the fuel valve circuit and shut off the fuel flow. The reset switch lights and lockout occurs immediately. The blower motor continues operation. The flame failure light and alarm bell (optional) are energized 10 seconds later.

The blower motor will be deenergized. The lockout switch must be manually reset before operation can be resumed. (Refer to the previous caution.)

If the burner will not start, or upon a safety lockout, the trouble shooting section in the operating manual and the technical bulletin should be referred to for assistance in pinpointing problems that may not be readily apparent.

The program relay has the capability to self-diagnose and to display a code or message that indicates the failure condition. Refer to the control bulletin for specifics and suggested remedies. Familiarity with the program relay and other controls in the system can be obtained by studying the contents of the manual and this bulletin.

Knowledge of the system and its controls will make troubleshooting much easier. Costly down time or delays can be prevented by systematic checks of the actual operation against the normal sequence to determine the stage at which performance deviates from normal. Following a routine may possibly eliminate overlooking an obvious condition, often one that is relatively simple to correct.

Remember, a safety device, for the most part, is doing its job when it shuts down or refuses to operate. Never attempt to circumvent any of the safety features.

Preventive maintenance and scheduled inspection of all components should be followed. Periodic checking of the relay is recommended to see that a safety lockout will occur under conditions of failure to ignite either pilot or main flame, or from loss of flame.

750-177 4-5

Chapter 4 Sequence of Operation

Table: 4-1 Electrical Nomenclature (Continued)

Table: 4-1 Electrical Nomenclature

MNEMONIC DESCRIPTION

A Amber (Color Of Pilot Light) AAFL Atomizing Air Failure Light AAFR Atomizing Air Failure Relay AAPL Atomizing Air Proven Light AAPS Atomizing Air Proving Switch AAPS-B Atomizing Air Proving Switch- Burner AAPS-C Atomizing Air Proving Switch- Compressor AASS Atomizing Air Selector Switch AB Alarm Bell ACCR Air Compressor Control Relay ACM Air Compressor Motor ACMCB Air Compressor Motor Circuit Breaker ACMF Air Compressor Motor Fuses ACMS Air Compressor Motor Starter ACMSI Air Compressor Motor Starter Interlock AH Alarm Horn ALFR Assured Low Fire Relay ALWCO Auxiliary Low Water Cutoff AM Ammeter AMS Atomizing Media Switch AOV Auxiliary Oil Valve APR Air Purge Relay APV Air Purge Valve AR Alarm Relay AS Auxiliary Switch (Suffix) ASR Alarm Silencing Relay ASS Alarm Silencing Switch ASV Atomizing Steam Valve AT Annunciator Transformer AWCBDS Auxiliary Water Column Blowdown Switch

B Blue (Color of Pilot Light) BC Bias Control BDCS Breeching Damper Closed Switch BDOS Breeching Damper Open Switch BDRS Blowdown/Reset Switch BFPL Boiler Feed Pump Light BFPM Boiler Feed Pump Motor BFPMCB Boiler Feed Pump Motor Circuit Breaker BFPMF Boiler Feed Pump Motor Fuses BFPMS Boiler Feed Pump Motor Starter BFPS Boiler Feed Pump Switch BFTS Back Flow Temperature Switch BHS Boiler - Header Switch BIOL Boiler in Operation Light BIOR Boiler In Operation Relay BM Blower Motor BMCB Blower Motor Circuit Breaker BMCR Blower Motor Control Relay BMF Blower Motor Fuses BMPR Blower Motor Power Relay BMPS Blower Motor Purge Switch BMR Blower Motor Relay

MNEMONIC DESCRIPTION

BMS Blower Motor Starter BMSI Blower Motor Starter Interlock BMSS Boiler Master Selector Switch BS Burner Switch BSS Boiler Selector Switch BWPM Booster Water Pump Motor BWT Booster Water Thermostat

CAFL Combustion Air Failure Light CAFR Combustion Air Failure Relay CAP Capacitor CAPS Combustion Air Proving Switch CCCB Control Circuit - Circuit Breaker CCF Control Circuit Fuse CCRS Control Circuit Reset Switch CCT Control Circuit Transformer CIPL Changeover In Progress Light CL Canopy Light CLS Canopy Light Switch COPS Changeover Pressure Switch COR Changeover Relay COTD Changeover Time Delay CPOL Control Power on Light CR Control Relay CSSS Control System Selector Switch CWPM Circulating Water Pump Motor CWPMCB Circulating Water Pump Motor Circuit Breaker CWPMF Circulating Water Pump Motor Fuses CWPMS Circulating Water Pump Motor Starter CWPMSI Circulating Water Pump Motor Starter Interlock CWPR Circulating Water Pump Relay CWPS Circulating Water Pump Switch CWSV Cooling Water Solenoid Valve

D Denotes Digester Gas Equipment (Prefix) DCVM Direct Current Voltmeter DG Draft Gauge DGHPV Digester Gas Housing Purge Valve DHWC Deaerator High Water Control DHWL Deaerator High Water Light DHWR Deaerator High Water Relay DISC Disconnect (Entrance Switch) DLWC Deaerator Low Water Control DLWL Deaerator Low Water Light DLWR Deaerator Low Water Relay DM Damper Motor DMT Damper Motor Transformer DNS Day-Night Switch DODE Delay On Deenergization (Timer) DOE Delay On Energization (Timer) DPS Damper Positioning Switch DS Door Switch

EDS Emergency Door Switch ESS Emergency Stop Switch ETM Elapsed Time Meter

4-6 750-177

Sequence of Operation Chapter 4

Table: 4-1 Electrical Nomenclature (Continued)

MNEMONIC DESCRIPTION

FADM Fresh Air Damper Motor FADR Fresh Air Damper Relay FD Flame Detector FDJB Flame Detector Junction Box FDPS Flow Differential Pressure Switch FFA Flame Failure Alarm FFL Flame Failure Light FFR Flame Failure Relay FGR Flue Gas Recirculation FGRCDTD Flue Gas Recirculation Cool Down Time Delay FGRCPS Flue Gas Recirculation Cam Position Switch FGRFM Flue Gas Recirculation Fan Motor FGRFMS Flue Gas Recirculation Fan Motor Starter FGRFMSI Flue Gas Recirculation Fan Motor Starter Interlock FGRMVLS Flue Gas Recirculation Manual Valve Limit Switch FGRTD Flue Gas Recirculation Time Delay FORS First Out Reset Switch FPM Feed Pump Motor FPMS Feed Pump Motor Starter FPR Feed Pump Relay FPS Feed Pump Switch FRI Firing Rate Interface FRP Firing Rate Potentiometer (O2 Trim) FS Flow Switch FSS Fuel Selector Switch FSSM Flame Signal Strength Meter FVEL Fuel Valve Energized Light FVL Fuel Valve Light FVR Fuel Valve Relay FWC Feed Water Control FWVT Feed Water Valve Transformer

G Green (Color Of Pilot Light) GGL Gauge Glass Light GOL Gas Operation Light GOR Gas-Oil Relay GOS Gas-Oil Switch GOR Gas-Oil Relay GPS Gas Pressure Sensor GPV Gas Pilot Valve GPVV Gas Pilot Vent Valve GR Gas Relay GSSV Gas Sensor Solenoid Valve GVEL Gas Valve Energized Light GVTS Gas Valve Test Switch

HATC High Ambient Temperature Control HBWTC High Boiler Water Temperature Control HBWTL High Boiler Water Temperature Light HFAV High Fire Air Valve HFGV High Fire Gas Valve HFL High Fire Light HFOV High Fire Oil Valve HFPS High Furnace Pressure Switch HFS High Fire Switch

Table: 4-1 Electrical Nomenclature (Continued)

MNEMONIC DESCRIPTION

HFS-A High Fire Switch - Air HGPL High Gas Pressure Light HGPR High Gas Pressure Relay HGPS High Gas Pressure Switch HHFL Header High Fire Light H/LWA High Low Water Alarm HLC High Limit Control HLFC High-Low Fire Control HLPC High Limit Pressure Control HLTC High Limit Temperature Control HMC Header Modulating Control HOPL High Oil Pressure Light HOPR High Oil Pressure Relay HOPS High Oil Pressure Switch HOLC Header Operating Limit Control HOTL High Oil Temperature Light HOTR High Oil Temperature Relay HOTS High Oil Temperature Switch HPCO High Pressure Cutoff HSPC High Steam Pressure Control HSPL High Steam Pressure Light HSPR High Steam Pressure Relay HSTC High Stack Temperature Control HSTL High Stack Temperature Light HSTS High Stack Temperature Switch HWAR High Water Alarm Relay HWC High Water Control HWCO High Water Cutoff HWL High Water Light

(I.C.) Instantaneously Closed (I.O.) Instantaneously Open IL Ignition Light INT Interval (Timer) IR Ignition Relay IT Ignition Transformer

JPP Jackshaft Position Potentiometer

LAMPS Low Atomizing Media Pressure Switch LASPS Low Atomizing Steam Pressure Switch LDL Load Demand Light LDPS Low Differential Pressure Switch LDS Low Draft Switch LFAV Low Fire Air Valve LFGV Low Fire Gas Valve LFHTD Low Fire Hold Time Delay LFL Low Fire Light LFOV Low Fire Oil Valve LFPS Low Fire Pressure Switch LFR Low Fire Relay LFS Low Fire Switch LFS-A Low Fire Switch - Air LFS-F Low Fire Switch - Fuel LFS-G Low Fire Switch - Gas LFS-O Low Fire Switch - Oil

750-177 4-7

Chapter 4 Sequence of Operation

Table: 4-1 Electrical Nomenclature (Continued)

MNEMONIC DESCRIPTION

LFTC Low Fire Temperature Control LGPL Low Gas Pressure Light LGPR Low Gas Pressure Relay LGPS Low Gas Pressure Switch LIAPS Low Instrument Air Pressure Switch LLPC Low Limit Pressure Control LLPR Low Limit Pressure Relay LLR Lead Lag Relay LLTC Low Limit Temperature Control LLTR Low Limit Temperature Relay LOPL Low Oil Pressure Light LOPR Low Oil Pressure Relay LOPS Low Oil Pressure Switch LOTL Low Oil Temperature Light LOTR Low Oil Temperature Relay LOTS Low Oil Temperature Switch LPAPS Low Plant Air Pr essure Switch LPCO Low Pressure Cutoff LPS Low Pressure Switch LSPAR Low Steam Pressure Alarm Relay LSPC Low Steam Pressure Control LSPL Low Steam Pressure Light LSPR Low Steam Pressure Relay LSPS Low Steam Pressure Switch LTS Lamp Test Switch LWA Low Water Alarm LWAR Low Water Alarm Relay LWCO Low Water Cutoff LWFL Low Water Flow Light LWL Low Water Light LWR Low Water Relay LWRR Low Water Reset Relay

MA Milli-amp MAS Manual - Automatic Switch MAM Micrometer MC Modulating Control MCS Manual Control Switch MDM Modulating Damper Motor MDMAS Modulating Damper Motor Auxiliary Switch MFC Manual Flame Control (Potentiometer) MFGRTS Minimum Flue Gas Recirculation Temperature Switch MFVL Main Fuel Valve Light MFWV Motorized Feed Water Valve MGV Main Gas Valve MGVAS Main Gas Valve Auxiliary Switch MGVEL Main Gas Valve Energized Light MGVV Main Gas Vent Valve MLC Modulating Level Control (MOM) Momentary MOV Main Oil Valve MOVAS Main Oil Valve Auxiliary Switch MOVEL Main Oil Valve Energized Light MPC Modulating Pressure Control MPCB Main Power Circuit Breaker MPP Manual Positioning Potentiometer

Table: 4-1 Electrical Nomenclature (Continued)

MNEMONIC DESCRIPTION

(MR) Manual Reset MTC Modulating Temperature Control MVA Make-Up Valve Actuator

N Denotes Natural Gas Equipment (Prefix) (N.C.) Normally Closed (N.O.) Normally Open NFL No Flow Light NFR No Flow Relay NGHPV Natural Gas Housing Purge Valve

ODA Outlet Damper Actuator ODM Outlet Damper Motor ODMAS Outlet Damper Motor Auxiliary Switch ODMT Outlet Damper Motor Transformer ODS Oil Drawer Switch OH Oil Heater OHCB Oil Heater Circuit Breaker OHF Oil Heater Fuses OHR Oil Heater Relay OHS Oil Heater Switch OHT Oil Heater Thermostat OLC Operating Limit Control OLPC Operating Limit Pressure Control OL’S Thermal Overloads OLTC Operating Limit Temperature Control OMPM Oil Metering Pump Motor OMPMF Oil Metering Pump Motor Fuse OOL Oil Operation Light OPM Oil Pump Motor OPMCB Oil Pump Motor Circuit Breaker OPMF Oil Pump Motor Fuses OPMS Oil Pump Motor Starter OPPM Oil Purge Pump Motor OPR OIl Purge Relay OPRL Oil Pump Running Light OPRS Oil Pressure Sensor OPS Oil Pump Switch OPSPM Oil Pump Supply Pump Motor OPV Oil Purge Valve OR Oil Relay ORV Oil Return Valve OSOV Oil Shutoff Valve OSPS O2 Set Point Switch OSS Oil Selector Switch OT Outdoor Thermostat OTS Oil Temperature Sensor OV Oil Valve OVAS Oil Valve Auxiliary Switch OVEL Oil Valve Energized Light

P Denotes Propane Gas Equipment (Prefix) PAASV Plant Air Atomizing Solenoid Valve PAPS Purge Air Proving Switch PC Pump Control PCL Purge Complete Light

4-8 750-177

Sequence of Operation Chapter 4

Table: 4-1 Electrical Nomenclature (Continued)

MNEMONIC DESCRIPTION

PCR Pump Control Relay PFCC Power Factor Correction Capacitor PFFL Pilot Flame Failure Light PFFR Pilot Flame Failure Relay PFPS Positive Furnace Pressure Switch PHGPS Pilot High Gas Pressure Switch PIPL Purge in Progress Light PIS Pilot Ignition Switch PLC Programmable Logic Controller PLGPS Pilot Low Gas Pressure Switch POL Power On Light POV Pilot Oil Valve PPL Pre-Purging Light PPR Post Purge Relay PPTD Post Purge Time Delay PR Program Relay PRL Purge Ready Light PRPTD Pre-Purge Time Delay PR Program Relay PRPTD Per-Purge Time Delay PS Power Supply PSF Power Supply Fuse PSS Pump Selector Switch PSV Purge Solenoid Valve PT Purge Timer PTS Pump Transfer Switch PUCR Purge Complete Relay PUR Purge Relay

R Red (Color of Pilot Light) RAR Remote Alarm Relay RATD Remote Alarm Time Delay RES Resistor RML Run Mode Light RMR Release To Modulate Relay RS Range Switch RSR Remote Start Relay RTD Resistance Temperature Detector

SBFPL Stand By Feed Pump Light SBFPM Stand By Feed Pump Motor SBFPMCB Stand By Feed Pump Motor Circuit Breaker SBFPMF Stand By Feed Pump Motor Fuses SBFPMS Stand By Feed Pump Motor Starter SBOV Surface Blow Off Valve SBPS Sootblower Pressure Switch SBR Sootblower Relay SC Scanner SCTS Supervisory Cock Test Switch SDL Steam Demand Light SHT Steam Heater Thermostat SHV Steam Heater Valve SLCL Safety Limits Complete Light SPIR System Pump Interlock Relay SPS Steam Pressure Sensor SS Selector Switch

Table: 4-1 Electrical Nomenclature (Continued)

MNEMONIC DESCRIPTION

SSC Sequencing Step Controller SSL Safety Shutdown Light SSR Solid State Relay SSV SpanSolenoid Relay STHWC Surge Tank High Water Control STHWL Surge Tank High Water Light STHWR Surge Tank High Water Relay STLWC Surge Tank Low Water Control STLWL Surge Tank Low Water Light STLWR Surge Tank Low Water Relay

(T.C.) Timed Closed (T.O.) Timed Open TB Terminal Block T/C Thermocouple TC Time Clock TCR Time Clock Relay TD Time Delay TDAS Time Delay Auxiliary Switch TFWR Transistorized Feedwater Relay TPL Transfer Pump Light TPM Transfer Pump Motor TPMCB Transfer Pump Motor Circuit Breaker TPMF Transfer Pump Motor Fuses TPMS Transfer Pump Motor Starter TPS Transfer Pump Switch

UVFD Ultra-Violet Flame Detector

V Voltmeter VDR Voltage Differential Relay

W White (Color of Pilot Light) WC Water Column WCBDS Water Column Blow Down Switch WF Water Feeder WFNL Water Flow Normal Light WLC Water Level Control WO Denotes Waste Oil Equipment (Prefix) WTS Water Temperature Sensor

Y Yellow (Color of Pilot Light)

750-177 4-9

Chapter 4 Sequence of Operation

4-10 750-177

CHAPTER 5

Adjustment Procedures

A. General 5-1

B. Linkage - Modulating Motor &

C. Modulating Motor 5-2

D. Modulating Motor Switches - Low F

E. Burner Operating Controls - General 5-2 F. Modulating Pressure Control (Steam) 5-5

G. Operating Limit Pressure Control (Steam) 5-5

H. High Limit Pressure Control (Steam) 5-5

I. Modulating Temperature Control (Hot Water) 5-6

J. Operating Limit Temperature Control (Hot Water) 5-6

K. High Limit Temperature Control (Hot Water) 5-6

L. Low Water Cutoff Devices 5-6

M. Combustion Air Proving Switch 5-6

N. Gas Pilot Flame Adjustment 5-7

O. Gas Pressure and Flow Information 5-7

P. Gas Fuel Combustion Adjustment 5-8

Q. Low Gas Pressure Switch 5-9

R. High Gas Pressure Switch 5-10

S. Fuel Oil Pressure and Temperature - General 5-10

T. Fuel Oil Combustion Adjustment 5-12

U. Low Oil Pressure Switch 5-12

Air Damper 5-2

ire and High Fire 5-2

A. GENERAL

Each Cleaver-Brooks boiler is tested for correct operation before shipment from the factory. However, variable conditions such as burning characteristics of the fuel and operating load conditions may require further adjustment after installation to assure maximum operating efficiency and economy.

A combustion efficiency analysis made d adjustments are required in a particular installation.

Prior to placing the boiler into service, a complete inspection should b piping, wiring, and all fastenings such as nuts, bolts and setscrews to be sure that no damage has occurred, or that adjustments have not changed during shipment and installation.

The adjustment procedures in Chapter 6 apply to standard components furnished on steam or hot water boi

lers fired with gas and/or the various grades of oil.

750-177 5-1

uring the initial start-up will help to determine what additional

e made of all controls, connecting

Chapter 5 Adjustment Procedures

DANGER

CAUTION

B. LINKAGE - MODULATING MOTOR AND AIR DAMPER

The linkage consists of various arms, connecting rods, and swivel ball joints that transmit motion from the modulating motor to the metering valve, to the air damper, and to the gas butterfly valve, if used.

When properly adjusted, a coordinated movement of the damper and metering valves within the limits of the modulating motor travel is attaine

d to provide proper fuel-air ratios through the firing range.

In linkage adjustments there are several impor

1. The modulating motor must be able to complete its full travel range.

Do not restrict the full travel of the modulating motor. Failure to follow these instructions could result in equipment damage.

2. Initial adjustment should be made with the motor in full closed position the motor in its most counterclockwise position.

3. The closer the linkage rod connector is to the drive shaft, the the driven shaft, the farther that arm will travel.

tant factors that must serve as guides.

, that is with the shaft on the power end of

less the arm will travel; the closer the connector is to

Prior to initially firing a boiler it is advisable to check for free movement of the linkage. The damper motor must be allowed to complete its full stroke and the damper must move freely from low to high fire position.

ABC

EFG

C. MODULATING MOTOR

The modulating motor has a 90 shaft rotation. The motor manufacturer also provides a 160 stroke model for other applications. representative, it may have an incorrect stroke. To prevent damage, verify the 90 stroke prior to installing a replacement.

The stroke may be determined by powering the motor and connecting terminals R-B to actually determine the stroke as motor drives to an open position.

If a replacement is obtained from someone other than a Cleaver-Brooks Service or Parts

D. MODULATING MOTOR SWITCHES - LOW FIRE AND HIGH FIRE

The modulating motor contains either one or two internal switches depending upon application. The microswitches are actuated by adjustable cams attached to the motor shaft.

Factory replacement motors have the cams preset. The low fire star

t switch is set to make the red and yellow leads at approximately 8 on motor closing. The high fire purge air proving switch (located in the modulating motor) is set to make red and blue tracer leads at approximately 60 the on motor opening. Normally the settings are left as is, but job conditions may require readjustment. If the cams require adjustment or resetting, follow the instructions in the manufacturer’s technical manual.

E. BURNER OPERATING CONTROLS - GENERAL

Note: Adjustments to the boiler opera ting controls should be made by an authorized Cleaver-Brooks Service Technician. Refer to the appropriate boiler Operation and Maintenance manual for specific information on boiler startup and operation.

The standard boiler operating control package consists of three separate controls, the High Limit Control, Operating Limit Control and the Modulating control.

The

High Limit Control senses the hot water temperature or steam pressure. It is used as a safety limit to turn the burner off in the event the operating limit control fails. The high limit control should be set sufficiently above the operating limit control to avoid nuisance shutdowns.

5-2 750-177

Adjustment Procedures Chapter 5

DANGER

CAUTION

The Operating Limit Control senses temperature or pressure and automatically turns the burner on to initiate the start-up sequence when required and turns the burner off to initiate the shutdown sequence when the demand is satisfied. The control must be set to initiate startup only at the low fire position.

The

Modulating Control senses changes in the hot water temperature or steam pressure and signals the

modulating motor to control the flow of fuel and air to the burner. With either steam or hot water boilers, the

modulating control must be set to ensure the burner is at its minimum low fire position before the operating limit control either starts or stops the burner.

When adjusting or setting controls, first be sure all contr

ol devices are securely mounted and level. With the temperature sensing control, make sure the sensing bulb is properly bottomed in its well and is secured against movement. Be sure the connecting tubing is not kinked.

The dial settings are generally accurate; although it is no

t unusual to have a slight variation between a scale setting and an actual pressure gauge or thermometer reading. Always adjust control setting to agree with pressure gauge or thermometer readings. Accurate instrument readings are required. When necessary use auxiliary test equipment to set controls.

Burner controls correctly set to ma

tch load demands will provide operational advantages and achieve the

following desirable objectives:

• The burner will be operating in low fire position prior to shut down.

• The burner will operate at low fire for a brief

• Eliminates frequent burner on-off cycling.

period on each start during normal operation.

Separate and independent controls affect modulated firing and burner on-off cycling. Figure 5-3 depicts a typical setting relationship of the

The burner will be “on” whenever the pressure or

operating limit control, modulating control and the high limit control.

temperature is less than point B and “off” whenever

pressure or temperature is greater than point A. The distance between points A and B represents the “on-off” differential of the

In normal operation, the burner will shut down whenever the At that point the switch in the B, the

operating limit control closes and the burner will restart. The modulating control will signal the

operating limit control.

pressure or temperature rises above setting A.

operating limit control will open. As the pressure or temperature drops back to

modulating motor to be in a low fire position. If the load demands exceed the low fire input potential, the modulating control will increase the firing rate proportionately as pressure or temperature falls toward point D. The modulating motor will stop at any intermediate point between C and D whenever the fuel input balances the load requirement.

As the load requirement changes, the firing rate will chan

ge accordingly. Thus it is referred to as modulated

firing.

Point D represents the maximum firing rate of the burner

, or highfire. In the event pressure or temperature

drops while the burner is firing at highfire, it indicates that the load exceeds the capacity of the boiler.

The firing graph (Figure 5-1) shows that point B and

point C do not coincide. Extreme load conditions could

require the points be closely matched.

When set as shown, with a time lag between B and

C, the burner will be in a low fire position upon a restart

and will fire at that rate for a short period of time before falling pressure or temperature requires an increase in the firing rate.

Excessive cycling increases the potential and severity of internal condensation. On-Off cycling should be limited to eight (8) cycles or les s per hour to keep the blower motor f rom overheating an d excessive wear on the switch gear and pilot. Failure to follow these instructions could result in dam age and premature failure of the equipment.

750-177 5-3

Chapter 5 Adjustment Procedures

High Limit Control Safety Shutdown

“ON - OFF”

Differential

Modulated Firing Range

Firing Rate

100

Minimum Input (Low Fire)

Burner Off

Increasi

Falling Temp. or Pressure

Rising Temp. or Pressure

Increasi

Increasing

(Burner ON)

(Burner OFF)

Boiler Temp.or Press

Operating Limit Control Response

Modulation Control Response

Figure 5-1: Firing Graph

If points B and C overlap when restart occurs, the burner would drive to a higher firing position immediately after the main flame was proven.

Note: It is not recommended that the boiler controls be set so as to overlap the modulating control range and operating control range.

When firing a cold boiler, it is recommended that the burner be kept at low fire, under manual flame control, until normal operating pressure or temperature is reached. If the burner is not under manual control on a cold start, it will immediately move toward high fire as soon as the program control releases the circuit that holds the burner in low fire. The modulating control will be calling for high fire and the burner will move to that position as rapidly as the damper motor can complete its travel.

Do not operate the boiler in excess of 90% of the safety valve relief setting. The closer the operating pressure is to the safety valve relief pressure, the greater the possibility of valve leakage. Continued leakage, however slight, will cause erosion and necessitate early safety valve replacement. The control settings on a hot water boiler must be within the temperature limits of the boiler.

Ideally, the boiler operating controls should be set under

Note: Rapid heat input can subject the pressure vessel metal and refractory to undesirable conditions.

actual load conditions. Especially under new construction conditions, the boiler is initially started and set to operate under less than full load requirements. As soon as possible thereafter, the controls should be reset to provide maximum utilization of the modulating firing system. To accomplish maximum utilization, and assuming that air/fuel combustion ratios have been set, make the required adjustments to the controls to bring the boiler pressure or temperature up to meet the load requirements.

5-4 750-177

Adjustment Procedures Chapter 5

Figure 5-2: Steam Controls

DANGER

CAUTION

To properly set the modulating control, carefully adjust it under load conditions, until the load is maintained with the burner firing at a steady rate. The firing rate at that point may be full high fire or slightly less, depending upon the relationship of the boiler size to the load.

When the pressure control on a steam boiler will indicate the low point of the modulating range. The scale setting of the modulating temperature control on a hot water boiler will have a reading that indicates the midpoint of the modulating range.

The

operating limit control should now be adjusted and the differential established. In an installation that does not require a very close control of steam pressure or water temperature the adjustable differential (Figure 5-3 A to B) should be set as wide as conditions permit, since a wide setting will provide less frequent burner cycling.

The should fail. The setting of the control should be sufficiently above the operating limit control to avoid nuisance shutdowns. The setting, however, must be within the limits of the safety valve settings and should not exceed 90% of the valve setting. The control requires manual resetting after it shuts off the burner.

In the setting of the controls, consideration must be given to the time required for a burner restar requires a prepurge period, plus the fixed time required for proving the pilot and main flame. In addition, approximately one-half minute is required for the damper motor to travel from low to high fire. The time lag may allow pressure or temperature to drop below desirable limits.

modulating control is set and the burner is in full high fire, the scale setting of the modulating

high limit control provides a safety factor to shut the burner off in the event the operating limit control

t. Each start,

F. MODULATING PRESSURE CONTROL (Steam)

Turn the adjusting screw until the indicator is opposite the low point of the desired modulating range. Modulated firing will range between the low point and a higher point equal to the modulating range of the particular control. In 0-15 psi controls the range is 1/2 psi.

To prevent burner shutdown at other than low-fire setting, adjust the modulating pressure control to modulate to low fire BEFORE the operating limit pressure control shuts off the bur ner . Failure to fol low these instructions could result in the equipment

damage to

G. OPERATING LIMIT PRESSURE CONTROL (Steam)

Set the “cut-out” (burner-off) pressure on the main scale using the large adjusting screw. Set the differential on the short scale by turning the small adjusting screw until the indicator points to the desired difference between cut-out and cut-in pressures. The “cut-in” (burner-on) pressure is the cut-out pressure MINUS the differential. The cut-out pressure should not exceed 90% of the safety valve setting.

H. HIGH LIMIT PRESSURE CONTROL (Steam)

Set “cut-out” (burner off) pressure on the main scale using the adjusting screw. The control will break a circuit when pressure reaches this point. The setting should be sufficiently above the operating limit pressure control to avoid shutdowns, and preferably not exceed 90% of safety valve setting. The control requires manual resetting after tripping on a pressure increase. To reset, allow pressure to return to normal and then press the reset button.

750-177 5-5

Chapter 5 Adjustment Procedures

Figure 5-3: Hot Water Controls

DANGER

CAUTION

I. MODULATING TEMPERATURE CONTROL (Hot Water)

Turn the knob on the front of the case until the pointer indicates the desired setpoint temperature. The desired set point is the center point of a proportional range. The control has a 3 to 30 differential and may be adjusted to vary the temperature range within which modulating action is desired. With the cover off, turn the adjustment wheel until pointer indicates desired range.

To prevent burner shutdown at other than lowfire setting adjust modulating temperature con trol to modulate low fire BEFORE operating limit

mperature control shuts off burner. Failure to

te follow these instructions could result in damage to the equipment.

J. OPERATING LIMIT TEMPERATURE CONTROL (Hot Water)

Set “cut-out” (burner off) temperature on the scale by inserting a screwdriver through the cover opening to engage the slotted head adjusting screw. The “cut-in” (burner on) temperature is the cut-out temperature MINUS the differential. The differential is adjusted from 5 to 30° F.

K. HIGH LIMIT TEMPERATURE CONTROL (Hot Water)

Set the “cut-out” (burner off) temperature on scale using the adjusting screw. The control will break the circuit

lock out on a rise in water temperature above the setting. The setting should be sufficiently above the

and operating limit temperature to avoid unnecessary shutdowns. The control requires manual resetting after tripping on a temperature increase. To reset, allow the water temperature to drop below the cut-out setting less differential, and then press the manual reset button.

L. LOW WATER CUTOFF DEVICES (Steam and Hot Water)

No adjustment is required since LWCO controls are preset by the original manufacturer. However, if the water level is not maintained, inspect the devices immediately and replace as required.

M. COMBUSTION AIR PROVING SWITCH

Air pressure against the diaphragm actuates the switch which, when made, completes a circuit to prove the presence of combustion air. Since the pressure of the combustion air is at its minimum value when the damper is full closed, the switch should be adjusted under that situation. It should be set slightly below the minimum pressure, but not too close to that point to cause nuisance shutdowns.

The run/test switch on the program relay should be set to TEST. T start (provided that all limit circuits are completed) and the programmer will remain in the low-fire (damper closed) portion of the prepurge.

Slowly turn down the air switch adjusting screw until it breaks the circuit. Here the and must be manually reset before it can be restarted. Add a half turn or so to the adjusting screw to remake its circuit.

urn the burner switch on. The blower will

programmer will lock out

Recycle the program relay to be sure that normal operation is obtained. R position.

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eturn the test switch to the RUN

Adjustment Procedures Chapter 5

N. GAS PILOT FLAME ADJUSTMENT

The size of the gas pilot flame is regulated by adjusting the gas flow through the pilot gas regulator. The flame must be sufficient to ignite the main flame and to be seen by the flame detector. But an extremely large flame is not required. An overly rich flame can cause sooting or carbon buildup on the igniting electrode. Too small a flame can cause ignition problems.

Although it is possible to visibly adjust the size of the

pilot flame, it is preferable to obtain a microamp or

voltage reading of the flame signal.

The correct voltage or microamp readings can be found in the information supplied with the

flame safeguard

system.

The program relay used may be of the type that provides message

information that includes a constant flame

signal of dc voltage. In this case a separate dc voltmeter is not required.

O. GAS PRESSURE AND FLOW INFORMATION

Because of variables in both the properties of gas and the supply system, it will be necessary to regulate the pressure of the gas to a level that produces a steady, dependable flame that yields highest combustion efficiency at rated performance yet prevents overfiring. Once the optimum pressure has been established, it should be recorded and periodic checks made to verify that the regulator is holding the pressure at this level. Occasional modification in fuel composition or pressure by the supplier may, at times, require readjustment to return the burner to peak efficiency.

Pressure

The gas supplied must provide not only the quantity of gas demanded by the unit, but must also be at a pressure high enough to overcome the pressure-loss due to the frictional resistance imposed by the burner system and the control valves.

The pressure required at the entrance to the burner gas train for rated boiler output is termed “inlet pressure.” The gas p

ressure regulator must be adjusted to achieve the pressure to assure full input.

The inlet pressure requirement varies with boiler size, and types of gas train

. Refer to Table 6-3 for pressure

require-ments.

The pressures listed are based on 1000 Btu/cu-ft natural gas at elevations up to

The volume of gas flow is measured in terms of cubic feet a

nd is determined by a meter reading. The gas flow

700 feet above sea level.

rate required for maximum boiler output depends on the heating value (Btu/cu-ft) of the gas supplied (Table 5-1).

Pressure Correction

The flow rate outlined in Section P is based on a “base” pressure, which is usually atmospheric or 14.7 psia.

Meters generally measure gas in cubic feet at “line” or s

upply pressure. The pressure at which each cubic foot is measured and the correction factor for the pressure must be known in order to convert the quantity indicated by the meter into the quantity which would be measured at “base” pressure.

To express the volume obtained from an actual meter reading into cubi

c feet at base pressure, it is necessary

to multiply the meter index reading by the proper pressure factor obtained from Table 6-2

As An Example:

Assume that a 500Flextube boiler is rated for 5MMBtu/hr input is installed and equipped with a standard gas train; and that 1,000 Btu natural gas is available with an incoming gas pressure of 3 psig. The flow requirements can be determined as follows:

750-177 5-7

Chapter 5 Adjustment Procedures

Flow

Since the gas flow rate is based on standard conditions of flow, correction must be made for the supply pressure through the meter of 3 psig. Determine the flow rate by dividing the Btu content of the gas into the burner input (Table 6-1) and “correct” this answer by applying the correction factor for 3 psig (Table 6-2).

Btu/hr Input = CFH (Cubic feet/hour) Required Btu/cu-ft

5,000,000 = 5,000 CFH (At 14.7 Ib-atmospheric base 1,000 pressure)

THEN

5,000 = 4237 CFH 

1.18

This is the CFH (at line pressure) that must pass through

the meter so that the equivalent full input

requirement of 5,000 CFH (at base pressure) will be delivered.

Checking Gas Flow

Your gas supplier can generally furnish a gas meter flow chart from which gas flow can be determined. After a short observation period, the information aids in adjusting the regulator to increase or decrease flow as required to obtain the rating.

Final adjustment of the gas fuel is carried out by mean

s of Fine tuning the linkage adjustments, while

performing a combustion efficiency analysis. See Section O for details.

Note: The information given in this section is for all practical purposes sufficient to set and adjust controls for gas input. Y our g as supplier can, if necessary, furnish exact correction factors that t ake into consideration Btu content, exact base pressure, specific gravity, temperature, etc., of the gas used.

P. GAS FUEL COMBUSTION ADJUSTMENT

After operating for a sufficient period of time to assure a warm boiler, adjustments should be made to obtain efficient combustion.

Burner efficiency is measured by the amount or percentage of O determine the total amount or excess air in the combustion process, above the point of stoichiometric combustion or perfect combustion. Stoichiometric combustion is a term used to describe a condition when there is the exact amount, molecule for molecule, of air for the fuel attempting to be burned. This can be accomplished under laboratory conditions, however it’s not practical to attempt to meet this condition in a boiler. Stoichiometric combustion however, is the reference point used when setting fuel/air ratios in a boiler.

present in the flue gas. O2 readings

There must always be excess air in the combustion process to acco

unt for changes in boiler room temperature

and atmospheric conditions, and to ensure the combustion is on the proper side of the combustion curve.

Proper setting of the air/fuel ratios at all rates of firing must be

established by the use of a combustion or flue gas analyzer. The appearance or color of the gas flame is not an indication of its efficiency, because an efficient gas flame will vary from transparent blue to translucent yellow.

Most flue gas analyzers in use today measure the content, by perce (CO) either by percent or parts per million (ppm). Carbon dioxide (CO

ntage of oxygen (O2) and carbon monoxide

) is not normally measured with todays

flue gas analyzers, but may be displayed via a calculation.

The O

levels through the entire firing range of the burner, low fire to high fire should be tested. Cleaver-Brooks

recommendations on turndown should also be followed and the turndown range of the burner should not be exceeded.

5-8 750-177

Adjustment Procedures Chapter 5

It’s important to understand what the readings shown on an instrument refer to when setting combustion in a boiler. To assist with this understanding Figure 5-5 shows the relationship between O

levels (excess air)

and the products of combustion for a typical flue gas analysis (natural gas).

One of the products of combustion is CO

Another product of combustion is CO (carbon monoxide) and is shown in

(Carbon Dioxide). This is shown in percentage.

both percentage and parts per million (ppm). The maximum CO level standardly allowed is less than 400 ppm. However, this may change subject to local regulations.

The percent O excess air and 4% O

recorded on an instrument equates to percent excess air, I.E. 3% O2 is approximately 15%

is approximately 20% excess air. The exact percentage of excess air is a mathematical

calculation based on an ultimate fuel analysis of the fuel being fired.

It is generally recommended that O

readings of between 3% to 5% be attained with less than 400 ppm CO,

at high fire.

Using information from Section O, determine the standard conditions of gas pressure and flow for the size boiler and the gas train on it

. Calculate the actual pressure and flow through the use of correction factors that

compensate for incoming gas pressure and altitude.

Basically, gas adjustments are made with a gas pressure

regulator, which controls the pressure and with the

butterfly gas valve which directly controls the rate of flow.

The low fire setting should be regarded as t

entative until the proper gas pressure for high fire operation is

established.

To reach the high fire rate, turn the manual flame control

switch toward “OPEN” in minor increments while

monitoring combustion for overly rich or lean conditions.

At high fire, the gas butterfly valve should be open as wide as indicated by the slot o

Determine the actual gas flow from a me

ter reading. (See Section O). With the butterfly valve open and with

n the end of the shaft.

regulated gas pressure set at the calculated pressure, the actual fl ow rat e shoul d be close to the required input. If corrections are necessary, increase or decrease the gas pressure by adjusting the gas pressure regulator, following the manufacturer's directions for regulator adjustment.

When proper gas flow is obtained, tak

If the fuel input is correct, but the O

e a flue gas reading. The O2 should be between 3% and 5% at high fire.

values do not fall within this range, the air damper settings may need

to be adjusted. Adjustment of the air damper linkage is described in Section B of Chapter 6.

With the high-fire air/fuel ratio established, the gas

After being certain that the air control damper and its linkage are corre

pressure regulator needs no further adjusting.

ctly adjusted to provide the proper amount of secondary air, and after adjusting the gas pressure regulator, final adjustment can be made, if necessary obtain a constant air/fuel ratio throughout the entire firing range.

Input of combustion air is ordinarily fixed at any given point in the

modulating cycle, the flue gas reading is

determined by varying the input of gas fuel at that setting. Standard Burner Low Fire Adjustment

The fuel input should be adjusted using the linkage to approximately 33%

flue gas reading should be between 3-5%.

If the air damper needs to be adjusted in order to provide

the correct low fire air/fuel ratio, combustion must

of that at high fire. At low fire the

be rechecked at higher firing rates and adjusted as required.

Q. LOW GAS PRESSURE SWITCH

Adjust the scale setting to slightly below the normal burning pressure. The control circuit will be broken when pressure falls below this point. Since gas line distribution pressure may decrease under some conditions, shutdowns may result if the setting is too close to normal. However, regulations require that the setting may not be less than 50% of the rated pressure downstream of the regulator.

750-177 5-9

Chapter 5 Adjustment Procedures

Manual resetting is necessary after a pressure drop. Press the reset lever after pressure is restored. Be sure that the mercury switch equipped control is level.

R. HIGH GAS PRESSURE SWITCH

Adjust the scale setting to slightly above the normal burning pressure. The control circuit will be broken when pressure exceeds the normal operating pressure. Unnecessary shutdowns may result if the setting is too close to normal; however, regulations require that the setting may not be greater than 150% of rated pressure.

Manual resetting is necessary after a pressure rise. Press the reset lever af

ter pressure falls. Be sure that the

mercury switch equipped control is level.

S. FUEL OIL PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE - GENERAL

Variations in burning characteristics of the fuel oil may occasionally require adjustments to assure highest combustion efficiency. The handling and burning characteristics may vary from one delivery of oil to another. Therefore, it is recommended that the oil system be inspected from time to time to verify that pressures and viscosity are at the proper operating levels.

Because of variation in oils, including chemical content, source, blends, and viscosity temperatures and pressures listed in Chapter 5, and mentioned in the adjusting of the controls in the following paragraphs, will vary and thus may be regarded as tentative and to be changed to provide best firing conditions. Review of the applicable maintenance instructions given in Chapter 8 will aid in maintaining an efficient fuel system.

Table: 5-1 Fuel Consumption (Natural Gas)

MODEL NO. 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200

Fuel Consumption Gas (cfh)A

A. Natural Gas @ 1000 Btu/cu-ft.

1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000

characteristics, the

5-10 750-177

CleaverBrooks FLX-400, FLX-450, FLX-500, FLX-600, FLX-550 Operation, Service And Parts Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual