Classic Organ Works CMK-1 User Manual
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CMK-1
Classic MIDI Keyboard
User Manual
Version 1.00.05
Div. of:
ARTISAN CLASSIC ORGAN INC.
CLASSIC MIDI KEYBOARD
CMK-1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIMITED WARRANTY ............................................................................................... 9
INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 11
Description....................................................................................................................................11
Table 1: Parts/Components List ...............................................................................................................................12
Figure 1: CMK components ..................................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 2: CMK connections .....................................................................................................................................13
INSTALLATION ....................................................................................................... 15
Springs ..........................................................................................................................................15
Figure 3: Steps in replacing a dislocated spring...................................................................................................... 15
Mounting .......................................................................................................................................15
Figure 4: Single-manual stand-alone....................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 5: Single-manual with wooden case............................................................................................................. 16
Figure 6: Two manual setup .................................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 7: Three manual setup.................................................................................................................................. 17
Figure 8: Two/Three-manual setup mounted level .................................................................................................. 17
Figure 9: Two/Three-manual setup mounted ‘tilt-up’ ............................................................................................... 18
Figure 10: Accessing keyboard electronics ............................................................................................................. 18
Connections..................................................................................................................................18
Power....................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 11: Connecting Multiple CMK Keyboards, Rear View, Using Parallel Wiring and Included Power Supply . 19
MIDI .........................................................................................................................................................................19
Figure 12: MIDI Connection Jacks, Rear View........................................................................................................ 19
Analog Inputs........................................................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 13: Wiring Schematic for Analog input ......................................................................................................... 20
Table 2: Connection Chart........................................................................................................................................ 20
Software Installation (Windows users only)............................................................................................................. 21
MIDI SPECIFICATION ............................................................................................. 22
MIDI Sound Sets ...........................................................................................................................22
General MIDI............................................................................................................................................................22
Table 3: Sound Set Groups ...................................................................................................................................... 23
Table 4: General MIDI Program Numbers for MIDI Channels 1-9 and 11-16.......................................................... 24
Table 5: General MIDI Percussion Key Map for MIDI Channel 10........................................................................... 25
Ahlborn..................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Table 6: Classic Module ...........................................................................................................................................25
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Table 7: Romantic Module........................................................................................................................................ 26
Table 8: 201 Module ................................................................................................................................................. 26
Table 9: 202 Module ................................................................................................................................................. 26
HAUPTWERKTM.......................................................................................................................................................27
Table 10: MIDI messages relevant to Hauptwerk ....................................................................................................27
SCPOPTM.................................................................................................................................................................27
MIDI Hardware Specification .......................................................................................................28
Figure 14: Schematic of 5-pin DIN connector.......................................................................................................... 28
CMK HARDWARE CONFIGURATION.................................................................... 29
Introduction...................................................................................................................................29
Power-On Self Test.......................................................................................................................29
Analog Input Pins ......................................................................................................................... 29
MIDI Crescendo ....................................................................................................................................................... 29
MIDI Volume ............................................................................................................................................................ 29
MIDI Expression.......................................................................................................................................................29
Programming ................................................................................................................................30
Table 11: Piston programming functions .................................................................................................................. 30
CMK SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION..................................................................... 32
Introduction...................................................................................................................................32
Software Installation.....................................................................................................................32
Figure 15: Upon clicking on the ‘CMK_Setup.exe’ file, the above window will appear. .......................................... 33
Figure 16: Allows the user to select a directory to install the CMK program file .....................................................33
Figure 17: Setup adds an icon to the start menu for convenient access.................................................................34
Figure 18: Setup provides the option of creating an icon on the Windows desktop................................................ 34
Figure 19: Confirmation window .............................................................................................................................. 35
Figure 20: Setup progress window .......................................................................................................................... 35
Figure 21: Confirms installation was successful...................................................................................................... 36
Software Startup ...........................................................................................................................37
Figure 22: CMKConfig software startup screen....................................................................................................... 37
Figure 23: CMKConfig software main menu............................................................................................................ 37
Configure a CMK from scratch....................................................................................................38
Figure 24: CMKConfig software attempting to connect with the CMK ....................................................................38
Figure 25: CMKConfig software unable to connect................................................................................................. 38
Figure 26: CMKConfig software successfully connected to the CMK. .................................................................... 38
Figure 27: Successful connection between CMKConfig software and CMK........................................................... 39
Figure 28: Window confirms the loading of pre-configuration data from the CMK to the PC.................................. 39
Load a previously saved CMK configuration .............................................................................40
Figure 29: Configuration File selection window. ...................................................................................................... 40
Figure 30: Program window..................................................................................................................................... 40
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Functions of the Toolbars............................................................................................................41
Figure 31: Toolbars in CMKConfig software............................................................................................................ 41
1. File Menu ............................................................................................................................................................ 41
Figure 32: Loading Program Data From File Window ............................................................................................. 41
Figure 33: Save Program Data to File Window ....................................................................................................... 42
Figure 34: Confirm replacing of file window............................................................................................................. 42
Figure 35: Software attempting to make a connection with the CMK...................................................................... 43
Figure 36: Software unable to make a connection with the CMK............................................................................ 43
Figure 37: Software detecting number of keyboards............................................................................................... 43
Figure 38: Successful connection between CMK and PC software ........................................................................ 44
Figure 39: Confirms loading of configuration into CMKConfig software.................................................................. 44
Figure 40: Software attempting to communicate with CMK ...................................................................................44
Figure 41: Successful Software connection to the CMK ......................................................................................... 45
Figure 42: Confirms configuration written to CMK from CMKConfig software. .......................................................45
2. Options Menu...................................................................................................................................................... 45
Figure 43: MIDI Input Output Setup window............................................................................................................ 45
2. Help Menu...................................................................................................................................................... 46
Figure 44: Help Menu .............................................................................................................................................. 46
Keyboard Functions .....................................................................................................................46
Figure 45: Clicking on the keys of the keyboard invokes a MIDI Channel select menu.......................................... 47
Figure 46: Clicking on an individual piston invokes the Piston function select drop-down menu. ..........................47
Table 12: Customizable Functions for each piston ..................................................................................................48
Configuring Multiple Keyboards .................................................................................................49
REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 51
APPENDIX A: .......................................................................................................... 53
DIP SWITCH CONFIGURATION TABLE ................................................................ 53
Table 13: DIP Switch settings and their corresponding Configuration numbers...................................................... 53
APPENDIX B: .......................................................................................................... 56
MIDI PROTOCOL SPECIFICATION ........................................................................ 56
MIDI Protocol Specification .........................................................................................................56
Channel Messages ..................................................................................................................................................56
System Messages.................................................................................................................................................... 57
Running Status ........................................................................................................................................................ 57
Table 14: MIDI 1.0 Specification Message Summary ..............................................................................................58
Table 15: Expanded Status Bytes List...................................................................................................................... 61
Table 16: Control Changes and Mode Changes ...................................................................................................... 64
Table 17: Registered Parameter Numbers...............................................................................................................67
APPENDIX C: .......................................................................................................... 69
SYSTEM EXCLUSIVE MESSAGE LAYOUTS ........................................................ 69
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Messages common to all products............................................................................................. 69
General Information Identity Request...................................................................................................................... 69
General Information Identity Reply .......................................................................................................................... 69
CMK -- Special layouts .................................................................................................................69
APPENDIX D: .......................................................................................................... 71
AHLBORN MESSAGES .......................................................................................... 71
Table 18: Note On/Off MIDI functions to control Ahlborn Archive sound modules ..................................................71
Table 19: Ahlborn Archive ‘ROMANTIC’ sound module commands for stops and couplers ................................... 72
Table 20: Ahlborn Archive ‘CLASSIC’ sound module commands for stops and couplers on.................................. 73
Table 21: Ahlborn Archive ‘202’ sound module commands for stops and couplers................................................. 74
Table 22: Ahlborn Archive ‘201’ sound module commands for stops and couplers................................................. 75
Table 23: Ahlborn Archive sound module Piston and Crescendo input functions for all four units.......................... 76
Table 24: Ahlborn Archive sound module additional Piston input commands .........................................................77
Table 25: Ahlborn Archive and other MIDI sound modules analog input function commands................................. 77
APPENDIX E:........................................................................................................... 79
SCPOP MESSAGES................................................................................................ 79
Table 26: General MIDI Pipe Organ Emulation Upper Manual for SCPOP ............................................................. 79
Table 27: General MIDI Pipe Organ Emulation Lower Manual SCPOP ..................................................................81
Table 28: General MIDI Pipe Organ Emulation Pedals SCPOP .............................................................................. 84
APPENDIX F:........................................................................................................... 85
CIRCUIT BOARD SCHEMATICS ............................................................................ 85
Figure 47: CMK1-1 Classic MIDI Keyboard Circuit board 1 Silk Screen................................................................. 85
Figure 48: CMK1-1 Classic MIDI Keyboard Circuit board 1 schematic................................................................... 86
Figure 49: CMK1-2 Classic MIDI Keyboard Circuit board 2 Silk Screen................................................................. 87
Figure 50: CMK1-2 Classic MIDI Keyboard Circuit board 2 schematic................................................................... 88
Figure 51: CMKPR1-1 Classic MIDI Keyboard Piston Rail board 1 Silk Screen..................................................... 89
Figure 52: CMKPR1-1 Classic MIDI Keyboard Piston Rail board 1 schematic....................................................... 90
Figure 53: CMKPR1-2 Classic MIDI Keyboard Piston Rail board 2 Silk Screen..................................................... 91
Figure 54: CMKPR1-2 Classic MIDI Keyboard Piston Rail board 2 schematic....................................................... 92
APPENDIX G: .......................................................................................................... 93
MECHANICAL DRAWINGS..................................................................................... 93
Figure 55: Two-manual CMK mounted level ........................................................................................................... 93
Figure 56: Two-manual CMK mounted tilted-up...................................................................................................... 94
Figure 57: Three-manual CMK mounted level......................................................................................................... 95
Figure 58: Three-manual CMK mounted ‘tilt-up’...................................................................................................... 96
Figure 59: CMK Piston Rail front panel mechanical drawing .................................................................................. 97
Figure 60: CMK Piston Rail Mounting rail mechanical drawing............................................................................... 98
Figure 61: CMK Piston Rail circuit board mounting rail mechanical drawing.......................................................... 99
Figure 62: CMK Side mounting bracket mechanical drawing (treble end) ............................................................ 100
Figure 63: CMK Side mounting bracket mechanical drawing (bass end)..............................................................101
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Figure 64: CMK End clamp mechanical drawing................................................................................................... 102
Figure 65: CMK two-manual mounting bracket mechanical drawing .................................................................... 103
Figure 66: CMK three-manual mounting bracket mechanical drawing.................................................................. 104
DISCLAIMER ......................................................................................................... 105
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CLASSIC MIDI KEYBOARD
CMK-1
LIMITED WARRANTY
Classic Organ Works warrants the Classic MIDI Keyboard (CMK) to be free from defects in materials and
workmanship under normal use for a period of ONE YEAR from the delivery date. This warranty applies
only if the product is owned by the original purchaser who has the bill of sale.
This warranty explicitly excludes any cables provided with the CMK, which may become defective as a
result of normal wear and tear. The DC power adaptor is included in the warranty however.
In the event of a defect in materials or workmanship, please contact Classic Organ Works immediately. In
particular, defects due to shipping should be reported within 15 days for insurance claim purposes. For all
other defects, Classic Organ Works agrees to repair or replace all defective parts of said products which are
returned, transportation prepaid, for inspection at its service centre within the period of the warranty.
In the event that Classic Organ Works determines the product requires repair because of user misuse or
regular wear, it will assess a fair repair or replacement fee. The customer will have the option to pay this fee
and have the unit repaired and returned, or not pay this fee and have the unit returned un-repaired.
Classic Organ Works will not be liable for consequential, special, indirect, or similar damages or claims
including loss of profit or any other commercial damage, and in no event will Classic Organ Works’ liability
for any damages to the purchaser or any other person exceed the price paid for the product, regardless of any
form of the claim. Classic Organ Works specifically disclaims all other warranties, expressed or implied.
Specifically, Classic Organ Works makes no warranty that the product is fit for any particular purpose.
This warranty shall be interpreted, and governed by applicable laws in the province of Ontario, Canada. If
any provision of this warranty is found void, invalid or unenforceable, it will not affect the validity of the
balance of the warranty, which shall remain valid and enforceable according to its terms. In the event any
remedy hereunder is determined to have failed of its essential purpose, all limitations of liability and
exclusion of damages set forth herein shall remain in full force and effect.
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CLASSIC MIDI KEYBOARD
CMK-1
INTRODUCTION
Description
Congratulations! You are now the proud owner of the CMK (Classic MIDI Keyboard). The CMK combines
technology and classical church organ ideas into an innovative MIDI device. With the CMK, MIDI sound modules
may be controlled as if they were part of the organ. Designed as a portable unit, it features a ‘stackable’ feature so that
users may customize a complete practice organ to their specification. With a quality construction, various structural
and electronic design elements, and user-friendly configuration software, the CMK will provide many years of worryfree musical enjoyment for all users.
The CMK is designed for organists, organ enthusiasts, and MIDI users. Key-switch information from the keyboard
and pistons is converted into MIDI control data by the on-board micro-controller. For instance, a MIDI message
defines whether a key was pressed or released, the MIDI channel that the information should be transmitted on and the
key number pressed or released. As many as three CMK keyboards may be daisy-chained.
Each CMK keyboard also has 20 pistons to control features such as coupling and effects. The CMK can
simultaneously drive up to four Ahlborn Archive Series™ modules that generate pipe-organ voices. In addition, any
MIDI-controlled sound module or PC-based synthesizer software may be connected. These pistons are also used for
programming the CMK. Combinations of pistons and keyswitches are used for functions such as a reboot, setting the
MIDI output channel, turning on and off velocity sensing, and setting the volume output.
There are two analog inputs which can be configured as volume/expression and crescendo inputs. By adjusting the
analog device, a unique voltage reading is produced on the analog input pin which is interpreted by the
microprocessor. In the case of a volume adjustment, a MIDI message will send to the MIDI-controlled device the
loudness level of the stop or sound. MIDI messages are also sent for a crescendo adjustment which will gradually add
stops to a registration.
The CMK is completely customizable using the included ‘CMKConfig’ software. Up to 128 configurations may be
programmed into the CMK. As many as three keyboards each with twenty pistons and two analog inputs may be
configured for Ahlborn Archive
software. The software is capable of customizing the CMK for use with organ computer simulation software such as
Hauptwerk and the Sound Canvas Pipe Organ Project (SCPOP).
Configurations are saved as computer files which may be stored in the user’s home computer, or in the CMK.
Configurations that are saved on the CMK will not be lost when power is turned off because the memory is nonvolatile. These configurations may be selected using DIP-switches on the CMK. Eventually, users may inexpensively
upgrade their software as well as configurations by visiting the Classic Organ Works website at
http://www.organworks.com
modules, General MIDI sound modules, and MIDI-controlled PC-based synthesizer
.
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The following is a list of parts for each CMK setup.
Table 1: Parts/Components List
Setup Items
A B C D E F
Manual(s) 2-Manual
Side Bracket
set (sold
separately)
One Manual 1 - 1 1
One Manual and
Wood Case
Two Manuals 2 2 1 2 4
Three Manuals 3 - 2 1 3 6
1 - 1 1
3-Manual
Side Bracket
set (sold
separately)
12V DC
adaptor
MIDI
Cable(s)
Mounting
Screws
A B C
D E F
Figure 1: CMK components (from L-R, Top to Bottom):
A) Keyboard
B) 2-manual side mounting brackets (sold separately)
C) 3-manual side mounting brackets (sold separately)
D) 12V DC wall adaptor
E) 6-Ft. MIDI cable
F) Mounting screw.
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Figure 2: CMK connections
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CLASSIC MIDI KEYBOARD
CMK-1
INSTALLATION
IMPORTANT
READ THIS DOCUMENT BEFORE INSTALLATION
Upon receiving this unit, remove any packing material inside the unit that may have been included to
prevent movement of components or wiring during shipping.
(For internal access, ensure the unit is disconnected from all power sources.)
Springs
The keyboard contact springs are installed at Classic Organ Works. However, the nature of these contacts makes them
sensitive to movements during shipping. A visual inspection of the keyboard should be performed upon receiving to
determine if any of these springs have become displaced. A package of five spare springs is included with every
keyboard. To replace the missing springs you will need tweezers and gloves/paper towel. Then follow these
directions:
NOTE: DO NOT HANDLE THE SPRINGS WITH YOUR BARE FINGERS. THE SPRINGS ARE COATED WITH
A LAYER OF SILVER WHICH CAN DETERIORATE IF HANDLED.
1. Pick up the spring using tweezers to gently grip the middle of the spring.
2. Feed one end of the spring in between the two bus bars. Then slide the other end of the spring into the
upper hole (with the keyboard circuit board facing up) of the keyboard keys plastic actuator.
3. With one end of the spring firmly positioned, use the tweezers to grasp the other end of the spring roughly
0.5cm from the end of the spring.
4. SLOWLY stretch this end and position it into the metal spring holder on the circuit board. THE
SPRINGS DEFORM EASILY. USE EXTREME CAUTION TO AVOID OVER-STRETCHING
THE SPRINGS.
1 2 3 4
Mounting
Mounting of the CMK is specific to each customized setup. It can be mounted into a wooden case, into an existing
console, or using metal brackets. In the single keyboard configuration, the CMK is a stand-alone unit. In this
configuration, the keyboard is mounted using metal brackets. However, for a professional finish, an optional wooden
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Figure 3: Steps in replacing a dislocated spring
Page-15 October 20, 2004
mounting box may be purchased. When mounted in the wooden mounting box, the electronics may be accessed by
removing four screws on the bottom of the wooden case. The CMK keyboard then slides out easily. In both the single
manual and wooden mounting box versions, the CMK is a ready-to-play keyboard requiring only power and MIDI
connections.
Figure 4: Single-manual stand-alone
Figure 5: Single-manual with wooden case
If the CMK is to be mounted into an existing console, the metal pieces at the ends of the keyboard have holes of 0.156
inch diameter to allow the CMK to be fastened to wooden end cheeks using #6 screws.
In the two-keyboard and three keyboard configurations, a separate mounting bracket may be purchased. There are
three threaded holes on the sides of the keyboards for mounting purposes. The holes permit mounting of the keyboards
into the brackets either level or tilted as shown in Figures 8 and 9. The entire two/three keyboard configuration with
mounting brackets may be installed in a console using #6 screws. The electronics are accessible by flipping the
keyboards as shown in Figure 10.
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Figure 6: Two manual setup
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Figure 7: Three manual setup
Figure 8: Two/Three-manual setup mounted level
(Note the pivoting screw positions on each end bracket are different)
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Figure 9: Two/Three-manual setup mounted ‘tilt-up’
Figure 10: Accessing keyboard electronics
Connections
Power
The user must connect Power and MIDI for each keyboard. There are several ways to provide power to the CMK
which will depend on the application. The CMK requires between +9V and +15V DC power at a minimum current of
400mA. If the CMK is to be used as a standalone unit, the most convenient method of providing power would be to
use the supplied 2.1mm Co-axial DC adaptor.
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Figure 11: Connecting Multiple CMK Keyboards, Rear View, Using Parallel Wiring and Included Power Supply
However, if multiple keyboards are used or if the CMK is to be mounted inside an organ console, the 4-input terminal
block can be connected to an existing organ power supply. Power and ground are connected to terminal block inputs 1
and 2 respectively. Terminal block inputs 3 and 4 are for grounding the case. One power supply can power up to three
CMK keyboards by paralleling the terminal block connections.
The CMK has a number of safety features. For easy operation, an isolated +12 Volt, DC adaptor of either positive or
negative polarity may be used. It must have a 2.1mm co-axial power jack. A bridge-rectifier is present within the
CMK to ensure the proper polarity. A 500mA self-resetting Polyfuse provides over-current protection from the
common power supply.
MIDI
The CMK has one MIDI input and four paralleled MIDI outputs so that it can be connected to several MIDI devices
and/or a personal computer. All four MIDI OUT connectors produce the same messages and can be used for long
distance applications. The MIDI IN connector allows another MIDI source to be merged with the MIDI signal from
this unit.
The CMK has the capability to simultaneously drive up to four different Ahlborn Archive Series
can be controlled through the general pistons on the CMK. Thus, additional stops and sounds on multiple Ahlborn
Archive modules may be controlled as though they were part of the organ.
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Figure 12: MIDI Connection Jacks, Rear View
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TM
modules. These
Analog Inputs
Two analog inputs are present on the CMK. The user must ensure that there is one connection to Ground on pin ‘3’,
one connection to an appropriate positive voltage (usually +5V) on pin ‘1’, and one connection to an analog input pin.
Analog inputs are used for crescendo and volume/expression adjustment as shown in Figure 13.
Figure 13: Wiring Schematic for Analog input
The CMK has provision for up to four extra input functions on the circuit board. These inputs are reserved for future
use.
Table 2: Connection Chart
Connection Name Connection Type Hardware Description
Required Connections
Power Input 1. Co-ax 2.1mm (either polarity)
OR
2. 4-input Terminal Block
Input 1 for +12V, Input 2 for GND
MIDI IN Input DIN 5-pin socket 180° Standard MIDI signals
MIDI OUT 1-4 Output DIN 5-pin socket 180° Standard MIDI signals
Optional Connections
Analog Input
Pins, 0.025” Square,
0.3” long, 0.1” pitch
9-12V, 400mA minimum
‘Analog Input 1’ is used for
crescendo and ‘Analog Input 2’ is
used for volume/expression.
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Software Installation (Windows1 users only)
Software installation instructions are described in the ‘CMK Configuration Software’ section of the manual.
Note: To use the software, the CMK must be connected to a computer via MIDI. If a MIDI port is not available on
your computer, a commercial MIDI adapter for the game port, USB port, or parallel port may be used.
1
Windows is a registered Trademark of the Microsoft Corporation.
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CLASSIC MIDI KEYBOARD
CMK-1
MIDI SPECIFICATION
MIDI (Music Instrument Digital Interface) is a communication system between computer-controlled music
instruments and describes all the actions of a musical performance. It was originally developed for music synthesizers
but, a few years ago, organ-builders began adding MIDI capabilities to pipe organs. However, as MIDI was not
designed for a complex musical instrument such as the organ, its standards are subject to organ-builders preferences.
MIDI is composed of three components which are the language (protocol), hardware (MIDI connector), and
distribution format (MIDI file) [1]. The MIDI language is in binary format and is a uni-directional asynchronous
stream of bits at 31.25 Kbits per second with 10 bits transmitted per byte. The 10 bits per byte consist of a start bit, 8
data bits, and a stop bit. In the hardware domain, the MIDI 1.0 Specification (maintained by the MIDI Manufacturers
Association) recommends the 5-pin DIN 180° connector. The 5-pin DIN connector is standard and allows MIDI
equipment from differing manufacturers to be connected together. MIDI cables transmit information in a unidirectional manner so connectors are designated as either input or output. MIDI files are the standard distribution
format. They capture all the details of MIDI onto a hardcopy medium. MIDI files are similar to the MIDI language
except that they add a time-stamp for each event so that MIDI equipment can replicate the timing required to generate
accurate performances. [1] MIDI Message information can be found in Appendix B and Appendix C.
MIDI Sound Sets
General MIDI [2]
The MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA) developed General MIDI (GM) to provide a standard relationship
between commands and sounds generated by synthesizers. A serious problem developed as the number of MIDI
device manufacturers grew. Every manufacturer associated different commands with different sounds. Users were
confused when they used a command to play a piano sound but ended up with some other instrument. To alleviate the
confusion, the MIDI Manufacturers Association dictated that commands termed ‘Patch numbers’ would be the
standard reference to a sound. A ‘Patch Map’ shows Patch numbers and their respective sounds. In addition, since
MIDI transmits using MIDI channels, every MIDI sequence begins by assigning a MIDI channel for each sound that is
transmitted. This assignment is termed ‘Program Change’.
In addition to standardizing the mapping of patch numbers to their respective sounds, the General MIDI protocol
defines a set of capabilities for General MIDI instruments. Included are a General MIDI Sound Set (patch map), a
General MIDI Percussion map (maps percussion sounds to note numbers), and a set of General MIDI performance
capabilities (number of voices, MIDI messages recognized, etc.).
MIDI channels 1-9 and 11-16 are used for chromatic instrument sounds, while MIDI channel 10 is used for ‘keybased’ percussion sounds. Furthermore, the 128 program numbers are grouped into 16 related sets. For example,
program numbers 1-8 are for piano sounds, 25-32 are guitar sounds, etc. (a chart is shown on the next page). The pitch
of the sound is indicated by a note number. Note numbers on the ‘key-based’ percussion sounds of MIDI Channel 10
represent different percussion instruments. It should be noted that although sounds may have the same label, they may
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not necessarily produce the same sound. The sound output depends on the recorded sound source which is not
standard (an ‘Acoustic Grand Piano’ will sound different depending on the instrument used to produce the sound).
Only the patch numbers and their labels are standardized.
Table 3: Sound Set Groups [3]
Set Sound
1-8 Piano
9-16 Chromatic Percussion
17-24 Organ
25-32 Guitar
33-40 Bass
41-48 Strings
49-56 Ensemble
57-64 Brass
65-72 Reed
73-80 Pipe
81-88 Synthesizer Lead
89-96 Synthesizer Pad
97-104 Synthesizer Effects
105-112 Ethnic
113-120 Percussive
121-128 Sound Effects
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Table 4: General MIDI Program Numbers for MIDI Channels 1-9 and 11-16
Patch
Number
1 Acou Grand Piano 44 Contrabass 87 Lead 7 (fifths)
2 Bright Acou Piano 45 Tremolo Strings 88 Lead 8 (bass+lead)
3 Electric Grand Piano 46 Pizzicato Strings 89 Pad 1 (new age)
4 Honky-tonk Piano 47 Orchestral Harp 90 Pad 2 (warm)
5 Electric Piano 1 48 Timpani 91 Pad 3 (polysynth)
6 Electric Piano 2 49 String Ensemble 1 92 Pad 4 (choir)
7 Harpsichord 50 String Ensemble 2 93 Pad 5 (bowed)
8 Clavinet 51 SynthStrings 1 94 Pad 6 (metallic)
9 Celesta 52 SynthStrings 2 95 Pad 7 (halo)
10 Glockenspiel 53 Choir Aahs 96 Pad 8 (sweep)
11 Music Box 54 Voice Oohs 97 FX 1 (train)
12 Vibraphone 55 Synth Voice 98 FX 2 (soundtrack)
13 Marimba 56 Orchestra Hit 99 FX 3 (crystal)
14 Xylophone 57 Trumpet 100 FX 4 (atmosphere)
15 Tubular Bells 58 Trombone 101 FX 5 (brightness)
16 Dulcimer 59 Tuba 102 FX 6 (goblins)
17 Drawbar Organ 60 Muted Trumpet 103 FX 7 (echoes)
18 Percussive Organ 61 French Horn 104 FX 8 (sci-fi)
19 Rock Organ 62 Brass Section 105 Sitar
20 Church Organ 63 Synth Brass 1 106 Banjo
21 Reed Organ 64 Synth Brass 2 107 Shamisen
22 Accordion 65 Soprano Sax 108 Koto
23 Harmonica 66 Alto Sax 109 Kalimba
24 Tango Accordion 67 Tenor Sax 110 Bagpipe
25 Acoustic Guitar (nylon) 68 Baritone Sax 111 Fiddle
26 Acoustic Guitar (steel) 69 Oboe 112 Shanai
27 Electric Guitar (jazz) 70 English Horn 113 Tinkle Bell
28 Electric Guitar (clean) 71 Bassoon 114 Agogo
29 Electric Guitar (muted) 72 Clarinet 115 Steel Drums
30 Overdriven Guitar 73 Piccolo 116 Woodblock
31 Distortion Guitar 74 Flute 117 Tailo Drum
32 Guitar Harmonics 75 Recorder 118 Melodic Drum
33 Acoustic Bass 76 Pan Flute 119 Synth Drum
34 Electric Bass (finger) 77 Blown Bottle 120 Reverse Cymbal
35 Electric Bass (pick) 78 Shakuhachi 121 Guitar Fret Noise
36 Fretless Bass 79 Whistle 122 Breath Noise
37 Slap Bass 1 80 Ocarina 123 Seashore
38 Slap Bass 2 81 Lead 1 (square) 124 Bird Tweet
39 Synth Bass 1 82 Lead 2 (sawtooth) 125 Telephone Ring
40 Synth Bass 2 83 Lead 3 (calliope) 126 Helicopter
41 Violin 84 Lead 4 (chiff) 127 Applause
42 Viola 85 Lead 5 (charang) 128 Gunshot
43 Cello 86 Lead 6 (voice)
Name Patch
Number
Name Patch
[3]
Name
Number
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CMK-1 Manual (Issue-1)
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Table 5: General MIDI Percussion Key Map for MIDI Channel 10
MIDI Key Drum Sound MIDI Key Drum Sound
35 Acoustic Bass Drum 59 Ride Cymbal 2
36 Bass Drum 1 60 Hi Bongo
37 Side Stick 61 Low Bongo
38 Acoustic Snare 62 Mute Hi Conga
39 Hand Clap 63 Open Hi Conga
40 Electric Snare 64 Low Conga
41 Low Floor Tom 65 High Timbale
42 Closed Hi-Hat 66 Low Timbale
43 High Floor Tom 67 High Agogo
44 Pedal Hi-Hat 68 Low Agogo
45 Low Tom 69 Cabasa
46 Open Hi-Hat 70 Maracas
47 Low-Mid Tom 71 Short Whistle
48 Hi-Mid Tom 72 Long Whistle
49 Crash Cymbal 1 73 Short Guiro
50 High Tom 74 Long Guiro
51 Ride Cymbal 1 75 Claves
52 Chinese Cymbal 76 Hi Wood Block
53 Ride Bell 77 Low Wood Block
54 Tambourine 78 Mute Cuica
55 Splash Cymbal 79 Open Cuica
56 Cowbell 80 Mute Triangle
57 Crash Cymbal 2 81 Open Triangle
58 Vibraslap
[4]
Ahlborn [5]:
The Ahlborn Archive modules allow additional pipe organ sounds to be played on an existing organ. There are four
separate Ahlborn Archive modules of 20 different stops each over three separate divisions. For more information on
Ahlborn Archive modules, please visit: http://www.ahlbornorgans.com/archive
Archive modules can be found in Appendix D. The stop list for each module is shown below.
Table 6: Classic Module [6]
Division A Division B Pedal
Description Description Description
Gemshorn 8’ Principal 8’ Contre Basse 32’
Gemshorn Celeste 8’ Holzgedackt 8’ Contre Gambe 16’
Flûte à cheminée 8’ Flûte Harmonique 8’ Contre Bombarde 32’
Koppelflöte 4’ Flûte Octaviante 4’ Bombarde 16’
Plein Jeu IV-V Octave 2’ Div. A to Ped.
Bombarde 16’ Cymbale III Div. B to Ped.
Harmonic Trumpet 8’ Tremulant
Corno di Bassetto 8’ Div. A to Div. B
Festival Trumpet 8’
Clarion 4’
Tremulant
Div. B to Div. A
. The messages for controlling Ahlborn
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Table 7: Romantic Module
Division A Division B Pedal
Description Description Description
Cello 8’ Open Diapason 8’ Contre Violone 32’
Cello Celeste 8’ Flauto Mirabilis 8’ Contre Gambe 16’
Cornet des Bombardes IV Concert Flute 4’ Contre Bassoon 32’
Cornopean 16’ Quint Flute 2 2/3’ Ophicleide 16’
Clarinet 8’ Piccolo 2’ Div. A to Ped.
Orchestral Oboe 8’ Vox Humana 8’ Div. B to Ped.
French Horn 8’ Tremulant
Cor Anglais 8’ Div. A to Div. B
Tuba Mirabilis 8’
Clarion 4’
Tremulant
Div. B to Div. A
[6]
Table 8: 201 Module [6]
Division A Division B Pedal
Description Description Description
Bourdon 16’ Gedackt 8’ Subbass 16’
Principal 8’ Gamba 8’ Octave 8’
Flûte à cheminée 8’ Nachthorn 4’ Bourdon 8’
Unda Maris 8’ Cymbale III Posaune 16’
Octave 4’ Cornet III Div. A to Ped.
Spitzflöte 2’ Oboe 8’ Div. B to Ped.
Nasard 2 2/3’ Tremulant
Superoctave 2’ Div. A to Div. B
Mixture IV
Trompete 8’
Tremulant
Div. B to Div. A
Table 9: 202 Module
[6]
Division A Division B Pedal
Description Description Description
Contregambe 16’ Bourdon 8’ Soubasse 32’
Diapason 8’ Flûte harmonique 8’ Violone 16’
Quintadena 8’ Flûte octaviante 4’ Contrebombarde 32’
Terz 1 3/5’ Larigot 1 1/3’ Bombarde 16’
Septime 1 1/7’ Corno di bassetto 8’ Div. A to Ped.
Scharff III Clarion 4’ Div. B to Ped.
Bombarde 16’ Tremulant
Trompette 8’ Div. A to Div. B
Tuba Mirabilis 8’
Chimes
Tremulant
Div. B to Div. A
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HAUPTWERK
TM
[7]
Hauptwerk (German for ‘Great Organ’) is a computer simulation of a pipe organ. It produces a realistic organ sound
by use of a ‘virtual sampler’ technique. Traditionally, synthesizers used a small number of samples by recording keys
at intervals across the keyboard. In order to simulate all the keys, the samples were time-stretched. Hauptwerk uses a
three-to-five second sample of every pipe in the organ. To accommodate the intensive requirement for memory, a
high-speed personal computer must be used. With current technology, thousands of individual sample sounds can be
stored and recalled when a key is pressed. Thus, the software is able to capture many different and customizable organ
configurations and sounds which can be loaded via ‘.organ’ files. The ‘.organ’ file contains information regarding
number of stops, pistons, and keyboards in addition to other organ-related details.
Hauptwerk was initially designed for use with one MIDI keyboard which would be connected to the personal computer
through the sound card game port. If numerous keyboards were required, a MIDI merge box would have to be
purchased. However, the CMK not only performs the MIDI merge function but, also provides an interface for volume
controls, expression controls, and pistons. MIDI messages will then be sent through the MIDI out port to the personal
computer where Hauptwerk software will translate the MIDI message commands into actions on the organ. A table
listing the types of messages sent for the individual functions is shown below.
Table 10: MIDI messages relevant to Hauptwerk
Function MIDI command
Keyboards 1. Note on/off
2. Channel number
3. Key number
Pedalboard 1. Note on/off
2. Channel number
3. Key number
Stops Note on/off
Pistons Program change
Volume Program change
Expression Program change
Crescendo Program change
For more information or to download a shareware version of Hauptwerk software, please visit:
http://www.hauptwerk.co.uk
SCPOP
TM
(not supported on the current version of the CMK)
Sound Canvas Pipe Organ Project (SCPOP) is a computer program that emulates organ features like stop changes,
keyboard coupling, tremolo, assignable memories, temperament changes, and the ability to choose different reverb
settings. All of the features can be accessed using the computer keyboard’s keys like a true organ console. [8]
SCPOP requires a Roland Sound Canvas MIDI Expander module and is only compatible with Roland hardware
containing the ‘Sound Canvas’ label [9]. The messages used to control SCPOP can be found in Appendix E.
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MIDI Hardware Specification [1]
The only MIDI connector approved by the MIDI Manufacturers Association is a 5-pin 180º DIN connector. There are
other ways of connecting devices to send MIDI messages but, it is easier to have compatibility between different MIDI
devices if there is a standard connector. In connecting a MIDI device to a personal computer, the simplest way is
through the MIDI ports of a computer (MIDI connectors are uni-directional from the ‘OUT’ connector to the ‘IN’
connector). Due to space limitations of computer circuit boards, most computers are not equipped with a MIDI port.
Thus, adapters must be used which connect the MIDI device to another port. The most common port is the computer’s
game port which is found on most soundcards. Adapters are also available for the serial port, parallel port, and USB
port.
A schematic of the 5-pin DIN connector typical interface is shown below:
Figure 14: Schematic of 5-pin DIN connector
MIDI Hardware NOTES:
1. Opto-isolator shown is Sharp PC-900. HP 6N138 or other types can be used with changes.
2. Gates "A" are Integrated Circuit or transistor; Resistors are 5%.
3. Maximum cable length is fifty feet (15 meters), terminated at each end by a 5-pin 180º DIN male plug (e.g. SWITCHCRAFT
05GM5M).
4. Cable is shielded twisted-pair, with shield connected to pin 2 at both ends.
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CLASSIC MIDI KEYBOARD
CMK-1
CMK HARDWARE CONFIGURATION
Introduction
The CMK is customizable to suit many organ applications. Up to three CMK keyboards may be stacked level or tilted
if the optional mounting brackets are purchased. Each keyboard has 61-keys which serve programming purposes as
well as musical purposes. Two analog inputs are available (for volume/expression and crescendo adjustment).
Power-On Self Test
The CMK has a built-in self test that executes upon power up. This power-on self test serves to detect the presence of
hardware for velocity sensing. The test also checks that all 61 key-switch contacts are functioning properly. If
hardware is not present or is malfunctioning, velocity sensing is automatically disabled. The user can also disable
velocity sensing manually by pressing any keyboard key before connecting power.
Analog Input Pins
There are two analog inputs which can be configured for volume/expression and crescendo. Analog devices must be
connected to the analog input pin, a positive voltage (+5V) on pin ‘1’, and ground potential (0V) on pin ‘3’.
Depending on the position of the analog device, a unique voltage will be read by the processor which will determine
the setting. In the case of a volume control, the position of the analog device will determine the loudness level. See
Figure 13.
MIDI Crescendo
A MIDI program change message is sent to gradually add stops to a registration. ‘Analog Input 1’ is used for
Crescendo.
MIDI Volume
A MIDI program change message is sent to change the loudness level of the stop or sound. The MIDI volume analog
input must be configured to transmit on one or more MIDI channels as outlined in Table 11. ‘Analog input 2’ is used
for Volume but can also be used for Expression.
MIDI Expression
A MIDI program change message is sent to set the loudness level within the preset volume range. ‘Analog Input 2’ is
used for Expression but can also be used for Volume. Expression messages adjust the loudness within a range not
exceeding the maximum set by volume. The MIDI Expression analog input must be configured to transmit on one or
more MIDI channels as outlined in Table 11. In multi-manual CMK setups, the range for the Expression control can
be set by attaching a Volume control to one of the keyboards and attaching an Expression control to another keyboard.
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If the volume and expression controls are set to produce messages on the same MIDI channels, the volume control will
set the maximum range while the expression control will change the loudness level in the volume range.
Programming
The following chart lists different functions achievable using the piston pushbuttons and keyboard key-switches.
Table 11: Piston programming functions
Name Steps Function
SOFT
REBOOT
SET MIDI
CHANNELS
FOR THE
KEYBOARD
CLEAR MIDI
CHANNELS
FOR THE
KEYBOARD
Press the 1st piston
from the left (SET)
st
and 1
piston from
the right
(CANCEL)
simultaneously
Hold the 1st piston
from the left (SET)
and the 1
st
black
key from the left
(C#1). Then select
any combination of
the 1
st
16 white
keys from the left
(C1 to D3).
Afterwards, release
the SET piston.
Hold 1st piston from
the left (SET) and
nd
2
black key from
the left (D#1).
Afterwards, release
the SET piston.
Performs a soft reboot. This will restart the keyboard
and reload configuration data from the on-board
EEPROM.
Sets the output MIDI channels for the keyboard. For
example, if we configure the keyboard to output on
channels 1, 3 and 5, then all MIDI events originating
from that keyboard will produce MIDI messages
transmitted on these three channels.
Clears the output MIDI channels for the keyboard.
DEFAULT
VELOCITY
(if keyboard is
in non-velocity
mode)
Hold the 1st piston
from the left (SET)
rd
and 3
from the left (F#1).
Then press one of
the white keys and
release the SET
piston.
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black key
If the keyboard is set to non-velocity mode, the
default velocity output of the keyboard can be
selected. This is accomplished by using the white
keys select a velocity level between 0 (bass end:
softest) and 127 (treble end: loudest). Keys pressed
in between will produce a velocity level between 0
and 127 depending on the location of the key
relative to the extremes. The change in velocity level
between adjacent white keys is approximately 3.
Note that in the event multiple keys are pressed,
only the last one released will be registered by the
software.
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