Cisco Aironet 1530 Series, Aironet 1532I, Aironet 1532E Hardware Installation Manual
Installing Antennas
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Antenna N-Type Connector Locations
The access point antenna N-type connectors are located on the top and the bottom of model
AIR-CAP1532E-x-K9. The N-type connectors support variety of the Cisco Aironet antennas. For
detailed information on these antennas, refer to Antenna Configurations, page 2-29. Figure 2-23 shows
the antenna port locations viewed from the RF cover side.
Figure 2-23 Antenna Port Locations - Model AIR-CAP1532E-x-K9
Chapter 2 Installing the Access Point
1 Antenna port 1 – Type N connector 2 Antenna port 2- Type N connector
3 Antenna port 3– Type N connector (with cap) 4 Antenna port 4- Type N connector (with cap)
Installing a Lightning Arrestor
Overvoltage transients can be created through lightning static discharges, switch processes, direct
Installation Considerations
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contact with power lines, or through earth currents. The Cisco Aironet AIR-ACC245LA-N Lightning
Arrestor limits the amplitude and duration of disturbing interference voltages and improves the over
voltage resistance of in-line equipment, systems, and components. A lightning arrestor installed
according to these mounting instructions balances the voltage potential, thus preventing inductive
interference to parallel signal lines within the protected system.
Cisco recommends that you bulkhead mount the lightning arrestor so it can be installed as a wall-feed
through on the wall of the protected space.
The importance of obtaining a good ground and bonding connection cannot be overstressed. Consider
these points when grounding the lightning arrestor:
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• Connect the lightning arrestor components directly to the grounding point.
• The contact points of the ground connection must be clean and free of dust and moisture.
• Tighten threaded contacts to the torque specified by the manufacturer.
Installation Notes
This lightning arrestor is designed to be installed between the antenna cable that is attached to an outdoor
antenna and the Cisco Aironet wireless device. You can install the lightning arrestor either indoors or
outdoors. It can be connected directly to a wireless device having an external N connector. It can also be
mounted inline or as a feed-through. Feed-through installations require 5/8 in. (16 mm) hole to
accommodate the lightning arrestor.
Note This lightning arrestor is part of a lightning arrestor kit. The kit contains a lightning arrestor and a
grounding lug.
Note When you install the lightning arrestor, follow the regulations or best practices applicable to lightning
protection installation in your local area.
Installing Antennas
Installing the Lightning Arrestor Outdoors
If you install the lightning arrestor outdoors, use the supplied ground lug and a heavy wire (#6 solid
copper) to connect it to a good earth ground, such as a ground rod. The connection should be as short as
possible.
Figure 2-24 Lightning Arrestor Details
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1 Nut 4 Unprotected side (to antenna)
2 Lockwasher 5 Protected side (to wireless device)
3 Ground lug
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Grounding the Access Point
Cable for the Lightning Arrestor
Coaxial cable loses efficiency as the frequency increases, resulting in signal loss. The cable should be
kept as short as possible because cable length also determines the amount of signal loss (the longer the
run, the greater the loss).
Cisco recommends a high-quality, low-loss cable for use with the lightning arrestor.
Grounding the Access Point
The access point must be grounded before connecting power.
Chapter 2 Installing the Access Point
Warning
Warning
Step 1 If using insulated 6-AWG copper ground wire, strip the insulation as required for the grounding lug.
Step 2 Use the appropriate crimping tool to crimp the bare 6-AWG copper ground wire to the supplied
Step 3 Open the anti-corrosion sealant (supplied), and apply a liberal amount over the metal surface where the
Step 4 Connect the grounding lug to the access point grounding screw holes (see Figure 1-5) using the supplied
Step 5 If necessary, strip the other end of the ground wire and connect it to a reliable earth ground, such as a
This equipment must be externally grounded using a customer-supplied ground wire before power is
applied. Contact the appropriate electrical inspection authority or an electrician if you are uncertain
that suitable grounding is available.
Installation of the equipment must comply with local and national electrical codes.
In all outdoor installations and when powering the access point with AC power, you must follow these
instructions to properly ground the case:
grounding lug.
Note The grounding lug and hardware used must comply with local and national electrical codes.
ground strap screw holes are located (see Figure 1-5).
two Phillips head screws (M4 x10 mm) with lock washers. Tighten the grounding screw to
22 to 24 lb-in (2.49 to 2.71 Nm).
grounding rod or an appropriate grounding point on a metal streetlight pole that is grounded (see
Figure 2-3).
Statement 366
Statement 1074
Powering the Access Point
Warning
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Installation of the equipment must comply with local and national electrical codes.
Statement 1074
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Powering the Access Point
Warning
Warning
This equipment must be externally grounded using a customer-supplied ground wire before power is
applied. Contact the appropriate electrical inspection authority or an electrician if you are uncertain
that suitable grounding is available.
Do not work on the system or connect or disconnect cables during periods of lightning activity.
Statement 1001
Statement 366
The 1532 access point supports these power sources:
• DC power – 24- 57 VDC
• Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)
The 1532 access point can be powered via the PoE input from an in-line power injector or a suitably
powered switch port. Depending on the configuration and regulatory domain, the required power for full
operation is UPoE. For the 1532E, 802.3at power is sufficient for all regulatory domains and full 2x2
MIMO operation on both 2.4 and 5 GHz radios. Either the AIR-PWRINJ4= or the AIR-PWRINJ1500-2=
power injector can be used.
For the 1532I, UPoE powered switch port or the AIR-PWRINJ1500-2= power injector is required for
full operation of the 3x3 MIMO on the 2.4 GHz radio in the regulatory domains that allow for high 2.4
GHz transmit power (Regulatory domains -A, -D, -F, -K, -N, -Q, -T, -Z). If the 1532I is powered by a
PoE+ (802.3at power) switch port or the AIR-PWRINJ4= power injector, then the access point will
automatically disable one of the 2.4 GHz transmitters and the radio will operate in 2x3 MIMO mode.
Table 2-7 AP 1530 Power Matrix
Model Configuration
1532I 3x3:3 (2.4 GHz)
2x3:2 (5 GHz)
One Tx disabled
2x3:2 (2.4 GHz)
Regulatory
Domain
A, D, K, N,
Q, T, Z
1
A, D, K, N,
Q, T, Z
Switch
Power AIR-PWRINJ1500-2= AIR-PWRINJ4=
UPoE Yes Yes
802.3at
Not Applicable Yes Not Applicable
PoE+
2x3:2 (5 GHz)
3x3:3 (2.4 GHz)
2x3:2 (5 GHz)
1532E 2x2:2 (2.4 GHz)
2x2:2 (5 GHz)
1. Not user configurable. AP will automatically disable one of the 2.4 GHz Tx if it detects only 802.3at power input.
Caution Do not place the power injector in an unprotected outdoor environment because water could get into the
C, E, F, H,
M, R, S
802.3at
PoE+
All 802.3at
PoE+
Yes Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes
power injector and cause a short circuit and possible fire.
AC/ DC Power Adapter
AIR-PWRADPT-1530=
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Powering the Access Point
Chapter 2 Installing the Access Point
Warning
Connect the unit only to DC power source that complies with the Safety Extra-Low Voltage (SELV)
requirements in IEC 60950 based safety standards
Connecting a 1530 Series Power Injector
The 1530 Series Access Points support the following power injectors:
• AIR-PWRINJ1500-2= — 100-240 VAC input, indoor use only
• AIR-PWRINJ4= — 100-240 VAC input, indoor use only
The power injector provides (AIR-PWRINJ1500-2=) 56 VDC to the access point over the Ethernet cable
and supports a total end-to-end Ethernet cable length of 100 m (328 ft) from the switch to the access
point.
When your access point is powered by an optional power injector, follow these steps to complete the
installation:
Step 1 Before applying PoE to the access point, ensure that the access point is grounded (see the “Grounding
the Access Point” section on page 2-40).
Step 2 Review Figure 2-2 to identify the components needed for the installation.
Note The 1500 power injector can only be used in an indoor environment, therefore, the cable from
the injector must travel from the protected location to the outside mounted access point.
Statement 1033
Step 3 Connect a CAT5e or better Ethernet cable from your wired LAN network to the power injector.
Warning
To reduce the risk of fire, use only No. 26 AWG or larger telecommunication line cord.
Note The installer is responsible for ensuring that powering the access point from this type of power
Statement 1023
injector is allowed by local and/or national safety and telecommunications equipment standards.
Tip To forward bridge traffic, add a switch between the power injector and controller. Refer to the
Cisco Wireless Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.0 for more
information.
Step 4 Ensure that the antennas are connected and that a ground is attached to the access point before you apply
power to the access point.
Step 5 Connect a shielded outdoor-rated Ethernet (CAT5e or better) cable between the power injector and the
PoE-in connector of the access point (see Figure 2-25).
Step 6 Connect the Ethernet cable to the access point PoE-In port (see “Connecting an Ethernet Cable to the
Access Point” section on page 2-43).
Step 7 Continue with What to Do Next, page 2-53.
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Chapter 2 Installing the Access Point
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Connecting an Ethernet Cable to the Access Point
You need to supply these tools and materials:
• Shielded outdoor-rated Ethernet (CAT5e or better) cable with 0.2 to 0.35 in. (0.51 to 0.89 cm)
diameter
• RJ-45 connector and installation tool
• Adjustable Wrench or 28 mm box wrench
• Large Phillips or Flat Blade screwdriver
To connect the shielded Ethernet cable to the access point, follow these steps:
Step 1 Disconnect power to the power injector, and ensure all power sources to the access point are turned off.
Powering the Access Point
Warning
Step 2 Ensure a 6 AWG ground wire is connected to the access point (see the “Grounding the Access Point”
This unit might have more than one power supply connection. All connections must be removed to
de-energize the unit.
Statement 1028
section on page 2-40).
Step 3 Use a large Phillips or Flat Blade screw driver to remove the Ethernet connector plug from the access
point. Do not discard plug and rubber seal unless you are certain that the port will not have to be
re-plugged (see Figure 2-25 for the location).
Figure 2-25 Access Point PoE-In Connector- AP 1532I
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1 LAN port (covered) 2 PoE-in port (covered)
Note For information on data cable entry, refer to Figure 1-1
Step 4 Loosen the Thread-Lock sealing nut of the cable gland by turning it counter clockwise, but do not
remove it (see Figure 2-26).
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Powering the Access Point
Note Verify that the cable gland has a rubber seal and ensure that it is not damaged.
Chapter 2 Installing the Access Point
Warning
Failure to install the cable gland and rubber gasket properly will cause the cable grip to leak.
Figure 2-26 Cable Gland
1 Washer (Rubber Gasket) 2 Body
3 Sealing insert 4 Clamping claw
5 Thread-lock sealing nut
Step 5
Insert the unterminated end of the Ethernet cable through the sealing nut end of the cable gland (see
Figure 2-26), and pull several inches of cable through the adapter.
Step 6 Install an RJ-45 connector on the unterminated end of the Ethernet cable using your Ethernet cable
installation tool.
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Warning
Warning
To reduce the risk of fire, use only No. 26 AWG or larger telecommunication line cord.
Statement 1023
When installing the RJ-45 connector, ensure that cable gland and the rubber gasket are present and
installed properly, to avoid water leakage into the enclosure. See Figure 2-26 and Figure 2-27.
Step 7 Carefully insert the RJ-45 cable connector into the Ethernet port opening on the access point, and
connect to the internal Ethernet connector (see Figure 2-27).
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Figure 2-27 Inserting RJ-45 Connector into the Ethernet Port Opening in Case
Powering the Access Point
1 Ethernet port opening in access point case. 2 RJ-45 connector, on shielded outdoor-rated
Ethernet (CAT5e or better) cable
3 Exploded view of the cable gland,on the Ethernet cable.
Step 8 Slide the cable gland with the rubber seal towards the access point, and screw the threaded end of the
body into the access point, and hand-tighten.
Step 9 Use an adjustable wrench or a 28-mm wrench to tighten the threaded end of the body into the enclosure.
Tighten to 15 lb-in.
Step 10 Use an adjustable wrench and tighten the thread-lock seal nut to 15 lb-in.
Step 11 Ensure that the antennas are connected to the access point before you apply power to the access point.
Step 12 Route your Ethernet cable, and cut off any excess cable.
Step 13 Install an RJ-45 connector on the unterminated cable end, and insert it into the power injector. For typical
installation components, see Figure 2-2.
Step 14 Turn on power to the power injector.
Connecting a DC Power Cable to the Access Point
When powering the access point with DC power, you must ensure that DC power can be conveniently
removed from the unit. The power should not be removed by disconnecting the DC power connector on
the unit.
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Warning
A readily accessible two-poled disconnect device must be incorporated in the fixed wiring.
Statement 1022
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Powering the Access Point
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Chapter 2 Installing the Access Point
Warning
Connect the unit only to DC power source that complies with the safety extra-low voltage (SELV)
requirements in IEC 60950 based safety standards.
Statement 1033
To connect a DC power cable, you need to supply these tools and material:
• Shielded outdoor-rated DC power cable (minimum 18 AWG) with outside cable diameter of 0.20 to
0.35 inch (0.51 to 0.89 cm).
• Adjustable or open-end wrench
• Small flat screw driver
• Two-pin DC power connector (Cisco supplied)
To connect the DC power cable to the access point, follow these steps:
Step 1 Before connecting DC power to the access point, ensure that the ground is connected to the access point
(see the “Grounding the Access Point” section on page 2-40).
Step 2 Turn off all power sources to the access point, including the DC power source.
Warning
Caution When installing DC power to the access point, always connect the access point end of the cable FIRST.
This unit might have more than one power supply connection. All connections must be removed to
de-energize the unit.
Statement 1028
When removing the DC power connector, always disconnect the access point end of the cable LAST.
Step 3 Use a large Phillips or Flat Blade screw driver to remove the Ethernet connector plug from the access
point. Do not discard plug and rubber seal unless you are certain that the port will not have to be
re-plugged. (see Figure 2-28 for the location of the DC power connector).
Figure 2-28 Access Point DC Power Connector and Ground Lug (Both AP 1532 Models)
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1 DC power port 2 Ground lug location
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Chapter 2 Installing the Access Point
Step 4 Loosen the thread-Lock sealing nut of the cable gland by turning it counter clockwise, but do not remove
(see Figure 2-29).
Note Verify that the cable gland has a rubber seal and ensure that it is not damaged.
Powering the Access Point
Warning
Failure to install the Cable Gland properly will cause the cable grip to leak.
Figure 2-29 Cable Gland
1 Washer (Gasket) 2 Body
3 Sealing insert 4 Clamping claw
5 Thread-lock sealing nut
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Note The cable gland accepts a cable diameter of 0.20 to 0.35 in. (0.51 to 0.89 cm).
Step 5 Insert a bare end of the DC power cable into the rounded end of the cable gland (see Figure 2-29), and
pull approximately 6 inches of cable through the adapter.
Warning
When installing the DC power cable, ensure that cable gland and the rubber gasket are present and
installed properly, to avoid water leakage into the enclosure. See Figure 2-29 and Figure 2-31.
Step 6 Strip the DC cable jacket back about 1 inch to expose the wires and strip the insulation about 3/8 inch
(9.5 mm) from each wire.
Step 7 Insert each wire into the two-position terminal strip (supplied), and tighten each wire using a 0.1 inch
(0.25 cm) flat screw driver (see Figure 2-30).
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Powering the Access Point
Figure 2-30 Two-Position Terminal Strip
Chapter 2 Installing the Access Point
1 Securing screws 3 Wire opening for DC +
2 Wire opening for ground (DC return)
Step 8 Insert the two-position terminal strip into the DC power opening in the access point case, and carefully
push the terminal strip into the internal connector (see Figure 2-31).
Note Ensure that the polarity of the terminal strip properly matches the polarity markings on the
enclosure (see Figure 2-32)
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Figure 2-31 Inserting the Terminal Strip into the DC Power Opening in the Access Point Case
Powering the Access Point
1 DC power opening in access point case. Also
see Figure 2-32.
Figure 2-32 DC Power Opening in the Access Point Case
2 Exploded view of the cable gland on the DC
power cable
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Step 9
Step 10 Use an adjustable wrench, a 28-mm wrench to tighten the threaded end of the body to 15 lb-in.
Step 11 Use an adjustable wrench and tighten the thread-lock seal nut to 15 lb-in.
Step 12 Ensure that the antennas are connected to the access point before you apply power to the access point.
Step 13 Turn on the DC power at the designated circuits.
Slide the cable gland with the rubber seal towards the access point, and screw the threaded end of the
body into the access point, and hand-tighten.
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Powering the Access Point
Connecting Streetlight AC Power
The access point can be installed on a streetlight pole and powered from a streetlight outdoor light
control using the optional streetlight power tap adapter and AC/DC power adapter,
AIR-PWRADPT-1530=. The AC/DC power adapter is used inline from the street light tap to the 1530
DC connector. The AC power tap only can be used with the AC/DC power adapter
Caution The access point can be powered by a light pole twist-lock outdoor light control that provides
100-to 277-VAC 50/60 Hz power. Do not connect to an outdoor light control powered by higher voltages.
When powering the access point with AC power other than the streetlight power tap adapter, you must
ensure that the following conditions are observed:
1. AC power can be conveniently removed from the unit. The power should not be removed by
disconnecting the AC power connector on the unit.
Chapter 2 Installing the Access Point
Warning
Caution Before connecting or disconnecting a power cord, you must remove AC power from the power cord using
A readily accessible two-poled disconnect device must be incorporated in the fixed wiring.
Statement 1022
a suitable service disconnect.
2. You must protect any AC power plugs and AC receptacles from water and other outdoor elements.
You can use a UL-listed waterproofing enclosure suitable for covering the AC receptacle and AC
power plug that supplies power to the unit as described in Article 406 of the NEC.
3. When you install the access point outdoors or in a wet or damp location, the AC branch circuit that
powers the access point should have ground fault protection (GFCI), as required by Article 210 of
the National Electrical Code (NEC).
Warning
Be very careful when connecting the streetlight adapter to Category 3 pole-top power. If you are not
careful, you may electrocute yourself or fall.
Statement 363
To install an access point on a streetlight pole, follow these steps:
Step 1 Before beginning the installation, ensure the AC power to the streetlight pole is turned off.
Step 2 Turn off power to the AC power source at the designated circuits.
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Warning
Caution For your safety, when connecting the access point AC power connector, always connect the access point
This unit might have more than one power supply connection. All connections must be removed to
de-energize the unit.
Statement 1028
end of the cable FIRST. When removing the AC power connector, always disconnect the access point
end of the cable LAST.
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AC/DC
Adapter
Step 3 When using the streetlight power tap adapter (AIR-PWR-ST-LT-R3P=), ensure that the access point is
mounted within 3 feet (1 m) of the outdoor light control.
Step 4 Ensure that a 6-AWG ground wire is attached to the access point (see Figure 2-33) and connected to the
streetlight pole (for instructions see Grounding the Access Point, page 2-40).
Figure 2-33 Using the Streetlight Power Tap Adapter
Powering the Access Point
1 Outdoor light control 3 6-AWG copper grounding wire
2 AC/DC power adapter
Note Deployment of the AP as shown in the streetlight deployment in Figure 2-33 requires an
alternate AP mounting kit. See Mounting the Access Point section for more information.
Step 5 Ensure that the streetlight power tap adapter, which uses a 3-pronged LC-10 twist-lock adapter, is placed
between the outdoor light control and its fixture (refer to Figure 2-33). The LC-10 twist-lock adapter is
designed to be used with LC-10 listed outdoor light controls operating at 100 to 480 VAC, 50 to 60 Hz.
Step 6 Disconnect the outdoor light control from its fixture.
Step 7 Verify that the voltage available at the fixture is between 100 and 480 VAC, 50 to 60 Hz.
Step 8 Turn off power to the fixture at the designated circuits.
Caution When installing the streetlight power tap adapter to the access point AC power connector, always
connect the access point end of the cable FIRST. When removing the streetlight power tap adapter,
always disconnect the access point end of the cable LAST.
Step 9 Connect the streetlight power tap adapter to the access point AC/DC power adapter. Hand-tighten the
Note Ensure that your antennas are connected to the access point before you apply power to the access
point.
connector.
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Configuring the Access Point
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Figure 2-34 Access Point DC Power Connector and Ground Lug (Both AP 1532 Models)
1 DC power port 2 Ground lug location
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Step 10 Plug the streetlight power tap adapter into the outdoor light control fixture, as shown in Figure 2-33.
Step 11 Plug the outdoor light control into the streetlight power tap adapter.
Step 12 Ensure that the antennas are connected to the access point before you apply power to the access point.
Step 13 Turn on the power to the outdoor light control fixture at the designated circuits.
Configuring the Access Point
For information on configuring the access point, see the following documents:
• For Lightweight Access Points and Mesh Access Points, see the Cisco Wireless LAN Controller
Configuration Guide, which is available at:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/wireless/controller/7.6/configuration/guide/b_cg76.html
• For Mesh Access Points, see the Cisco Wireless Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide,
which is available at:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/wireless/technology/mesh/7.6/design/guide/mesh76.html
• For Access Points in autonomous mode, see the Cisco Aironet Access Points Configuration Guide
for Cisco IOS Software, which is available at:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/wireless/access_point/15_2_4_JB/configuration/guide/scg15.2.4
_JB3a_Book.html
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Chapter 2 Installing the Access Point
What to Do Next
When you power up a MAP that is not connected to a wired Ethernet, fiber-optic, or cable network to
the controller, the access point uses the Cisco Adaptive Wireless Path Protocol (AWPP) to bind to
another mesh access point (MAP) with the best path to a root access point (RAP) connected to the wired
network to a controller. The access point sends a discovery request when powered up. If you have
configured the access point in the controller correctly, the controller sends back a discovery response to
the access point. When that happens, the access point sends out a join request to the controller, and the
controller responds with a join confirmation response. Then the access point establishes a Control And
Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP) connection to the controller and gets the shared
secret configured on the controller.
Refer to the Cisco Wireless LAN Controller Configuration Guide for more information on configuring,
monitoring, and operating your access points.
What to Do Next
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What to Do Next
Chapter 2 Installing the Access Point
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CHA P TER
3
Troubleshooting
This chapter provides troubleshooting procedures for basic problems with the access point. For the most
up-to-date, detailed troubleshooting information, refer to the Cisco Technical Support and
Documentation website at the following URL:
http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/support/index.html
Sections in this chapter include:
• Guidelines for Using the Access Points, page 3-2
• Controller MAC Filter List, page 3-3
• Using DHCP Option 43, page 3-3
• Monitoring the Access Point LEDs, page 3-4
• Verifying Controller Association, page 3-6
• Changing the Bridge Group Name, page 3-7
• Access Point Power Injector, page 3-7
• Access Point Power Injector, page 3-7
• Using the Reset Button, page 3-9
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Guidelines for Using the Access Points
Guidelines for Using the Access Points
You should keep these guidelines in mind when you use the access points:
• The access point only supports Layer 3 CAPWAP communications with the controllers.
In Layer 3 operation, the access point and the controller can be on the same or different subnets. The
access point communicates with the controller using standard IP packets. A Layer 3 access point on
a different subnet than the controller requires a DHCP server on the access point subnet and a route
to the controller. The route to the controller must have destination UDP ports 12222 and 12223 open
for CAPWAP communications. The route to the primary, secondary, and tertiary controllers must
allow IP packet fragments.
• Before deploying your access points, ensure that the following has been done:
–
Your controllers are connected to switch ports that are configured as trunk ports.
–
Your access points are connected to switch ports that are configured as untagged access ports.
–
A DHCP server is reachable by your access points and has been configured with Option 43.
Option 43 provides the IP addresses of the management interfaces of your controllers. Typically,
a DHCP server can be configured on a Cisco switch.
–
Optionally, a DNS server can be configured to enable CISCO-CAPWAP-CONTROLLER. Use
local domain to resolve to the IP address of the management interface of your controller.
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
–
Your controllers are configured and reachable by the access points.
–
Your controllers are configured with the access point MAC addresses and the MAC filter list is
enabled.
–
Your switch must forward DHCP requests.
• After the access points are associated to the controller, you should change the bridge group name
(BGN) from the default value. With the default BGN, the mesh access points (MAPs) can potentially
try to connect with other mesh networks and slow down the convergence of the network.
Important Notes
Convergence Delays
During deployment, the access points can experience convergence delays due to various causes. The
following list identifies some operating conditions that can cause convergence delays:
• A root access point (RAP) attempts to connect to a controller using any of the wired ports (cable,
fiber-optic, PoE-in). If the wired ports are operational, the RAP can potentially spend several
minutes on each port prior to connecting to a controller.
• If a RAP is unable to connect to a controller over the wired ports, it attempts to connect using the
wireless network. This results in additional delays when multiple potential wireless paths are
available.
• If a MAP is unable to connect to a RAP using a wireless connection, it then attempts to connect using
any available wired port. The access point can potentially spend several minutes for each connection
method, before attempting the wireless network again.
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