ELECTRICAL SUPPLY
QUALITY ANALYZER
QNA-412 (2V)
( Code Q20510 / Q20520 )
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
(M98155401-01 / 05A)
(c)
CIRCUTOR S.A.
Page no. 1
QNA-412 TABLE OF CONTENTS page no.
1.- BASIC INSTRUCTIONS....................................................................................................2
1.1.- Checks on receipt. ....................................................................................................2
1.2.- QNA-412 models.......................................................................................................2
1.3.- Safety advice.............................................................................................................3
1.4.- Operating instructions. ..............................................................................................3
2.- GENERAL FEATURES. ....................................................................................................3
2.1.- Basic features. ..........................................................................................................4
2.2.- Electrical characteristics............................................................................................5
3.- ANALYSIS MODES...........................................................................................................6
4.- RECORDING IN THE MEMORY (automatically) .............................................................. 6
5.- INSTALLATION AND START-UP. ....................................................................................7
5.1.- Terminal ratio. ...........................................................................................................8
5.1.1.- Communications cables for RJ connectors. .....................................................9
5.2.- QNA-412 analyzer start up......................................................................................10
5.3.- Connection diagram for the QNA-412.....................................................................11
5.3.1.- 4 wire three phase systems. ...........................................................................11
5.3.1.1.- Direct voltage + three clamps................................................................ 11
5.3.1.2.- Three voltage transformers and three clamps.......................................12
5.3.2.- 3 wire three phase systems. ...........................................................................13
5.3.2.1.- Direct voltage and three clamps............................................................13
5.3.2.2.- Direct voltage and two clamps (ARON).................................................14
5.3.2.3.- Two voltage transformers and three clamps .........................................15
5.3.2.4.- Two voltage transformers and two clamps (ARON) ..............................16
6.- THE QNA-412 ANALYZER BATTERY............................................................................ 17
7.- OPERATION. ..................................................................................................................17
7.1.- Display and buttons.................................................................................................17
7.2.- Start-up. ..................................................................................................................18
7.3.- Display screens.......................................................................................................18
8.- SETTING THE QNA-412.................................................................................................19
8.1.- Programming Set-up for the QNA-412....................................................................19
8.1.1.- Voltage transformation ratio............................................................................19
8.1.2.- Features of the system. ..................................................................................20
8.1.3.- Quality Parameters. ........................................................................................20
8.1.4.- Information to be taken into account in the recording of the periodic values..22
8.2.- Variables to Record.................................................................................................22
8.2.1.- Standard File (STD)........................................................................................23
8.2.2.- EVENTS file (EVQ).........................................................................................24
8.2.3.- Incidents File (EVE). .......................................................................................25
9.- TECHNICAL FEATURES................................................................................................26
10.- SAFETY ADVICE............................................................................................................28
11.- MAINTENANCE. .............................................................................................................28
12.- TECHNICAL SERVICE. ..................................................................................................28
A. Appendix: Communications with QNA-412 connected to an External modem. ..............29
B. Appendix: Communications with QNA-412 (RS485).......................................................31
C. Appendix: Communications via TCP-IP converter. .........................................................32
D. Appendix : Installing and starting up the QNA-GSM. ......................................................33
E. Appendix: The QNA's measurement method. .................................................................35
Page no. 2
BASIC INSTRUCTIONS.
This manual assists in the installation and use of the QNA-412 supply quality
instruments and helps in obtaining the best performance from them.
QNA-412 analyzers are especially manufactured to control electrical supply
quality. They are manufactured using the latest technology and offer the most
advanced performance in electrical parameter measurement and recording for
industrial systems on the market today.
Carefully read this manual before connecting the equipment to avoid
incorrect use that may cause irrevocable damage.
1.1.- Checks on receipt.
On receipt of the equipment check the following:
a) The equipment is the same as the one ordered.
b) Check that the equipment has not been damaged during delivery.
c) Check that it is equipped with the following standard accessories:
1 RS-232 Communications cable (RJ-DB9-female)
1 QNA-412 Instruction manual.
1 CD with program for PC software and instruction manual
1 GSM Aerial (With GSM model only).
1.2.- QNA-412 models.
Code Model
Q20510 QNA – 412 RS485/RS232
Q20520 QNA – 412 GSM Free (SIM card not included)
Page no. 3
1.3.- Safety advice.
For safety reasons it is essential that anyone installing or handling the
QNA-412 follows the usual safety procedures as well as the specific
warnings in this instruction manual.
If the equipment is used in a way not specified by the manufacturer,
the equipment's protection may be compromised.
When it is likely that a loss of protection has occurred (for example visible
damage) the equipment must be disconnected from the supply. In this event contact
a qualified service representative.
1.4.- Operating instructions.
The QNA-412 is programmable, measuring instrument offering a series of
options that may be selected using the set up menus.
Before installing the equipment and taking measurements carefully read
sections INSTALLATION, START-UP and SETTING for the QNA-412 analyzer.
Select the most suitable way of obtaining the required data.
It must be remembered that once the equipment is connected, the
terminals may be dangerous when touched and opening the covers or
removing pieces may access parts that are dangerous when touched. The
equipment must not be used until it is fully installed.
2.- GENERAL FEATURES.
The QNA-412 quality analyzer is specially designed equipment to control
electrical supply according to the IEC 61000-4-30 standard.
• Harmonics measurement according to IEC 61000-4-7.
• Flicker measurement according to IEC 61000-4-15.
• Measurement of the main electrical parameters.
− Voltage, current, power, PF....
− Voltage and Current harmonic distortion...
− Neutral Current and Neutral-Earth Voltage
• 4 quadrant measurement (Consumption and generation).
• Flicker measurement according to IEC 61000-4-15.
• High degree of protection under severe electrical conditions:
− With a broad supply voltage and measurement margin.
− High degree of overvoltage and transient protection.
• Option to connect to 3 and 4 wire systems.
• With a broad supply voltage margin: 63 – 520 V AC.
• Internal battery. The equipment can continue recording in the absence of
power supply voltage.
• 4 Mbyte internal memory where all parameters measured by the QNA-412
are stored.
• GSM / RS-232 / RS-485 communication. (According to model).
• Assembled in self-extinguishing casing in sizes and with fixing points in
accordance with the DIN 43857 standard.
Page no. 4
2.1.- Basic features.
The QNA-412 quality analyzer is specially designed to analyse electrical
supply quality according to the specifications in the IEC 61000-4-30 standard.
It has 4 x 2V inputs (clamps) as well as the voltage inputs (isolated by
transformers). This means that as well as the supply quality calculations, the QNA412 can be used as a system analyzer.
Its outer design in accordance with DIN 43857 makes it ideal for locating in
any meter station cabinet.
Moreover, the large variety of models makes the QNA-412 adaptable to any
situation and any communication mode.
The equipment's internal battery allows it to take measurements in the event of
any loss of voltage (interruption or dip). It is guaranteed that the QNA-412 continues
operating if there is an interruption in the equipment's power supply.
The QNA-412 has three AC voltage inputs that lets it analyse voltage in the
three phases and the frequency of a predetermined system (quality of supply).
The QNA-412 uses a DSP to analyse the quality of electrical supply according
to the IEC 61000-4-30 standard. The DSP analyses all cycles of the three voltage
phases and checks whether any incident has occurred (dip, interruption,
overvoltage). It also calculates harmonics and flicker according to the IEC 61000-4-7
and 61000-4-15 standards respectively.
Thanks to its 2V inputs (2V/5A ratio), the QNA-412 can analyse the main
electrical parameters in the 4 quadrants (Consumption and generation).
The QNA also has a Neutral current input and another to measure NeutralEarth voltage. These parameters complete the information that the QNA supplies
when analysing the electrical system.
The QNA-412 has a 4 Mbyte internal memory where the quality parameters,
electrical parameters and incidents are recorded.
The QNA-412 memory has four types of files:
• *.STD: where the measured data (voltage, current, frequency, power,
energy, flicker, THD, unbalance...) is periodically stored.
• *.EVE: where any incident occurring to the QNA-412 is stored. (file
reading, Setup change, deleting from the memory, auxiliary power
supply on/off, battery off...).
• *.EVQ: Quality events file where incidents occurring with the electricity
supply are stored (interruptions, dips, overvoltages) plus supplementary
information about them (time when the incident occurred, length,
maximum/minimum voltage, average voltage, voltage prior to the
event).
• *.H24: where data is stored for statistical studies on the development of
the harmonics throughout a day.
Page no. 5
The parameters that the QNA-412 can measure are:
Parameter L1 L2 L3
Voltage X X X
Current (2V input) X X X
Frequency X
Active power X X X
Inductive reactive power X X X
Capacitive reactive power X X X
Apparent power X
Active energy X
Inductive reactive energy X
Capacitive active energy X
Power factor X X X
Voltage THD X X X
Current THD X X X
Harmonic Decomposition of voltage X X X
Harmonic Decomposition of current X X X
Voltage wave form X X X
Current wave form X X X
Neutral Current X
Earth neutral Voltage X
Flicker (PST) X X X
Dips X X X
Interruptions X X X
Overvoltage X X X
Unbalance X
Assymetry X
All these parameters are measured and recorded when the installation is
consuming or generating energy.
2.2.- Electrical characteristics.
Due to the fact that the QNA-412 is electrical supply quality recording
equipment, it must have a high degree of protection under severe electrical
conditions:
• High energy varistors for absorbing overvoltages and protecting the
equipment from costly repairs.
• Noise filter on the voltage input: Allows reliable measurements to be
obtained under the most adverse noise conditions.
• Power supply: transformers with higher power dispersal and isolation.
• Power supply from batteries allowing the QNA-412 to operate in the
absence of voltage supply.
• Isolating transformers to ensure input isolation.
Page no. 6
3.- ANALYSIS MODES.
The QNA-412 series analyzers have different operating modes depending on
how they are set.
The most important operating functions are:
• Measurement and recording in the memory the main electrical supply quality
parameters (voltages, flicker, harmonics and unbalance).
• Measurement and recording in the memory the main electrical parameters
(voltages, currents, frequency, power, PF ...
• Current measurement for Neutral and Neutral-Earth Voltage.
• Setting a voltage threshold to define different events (dips, interruptions and
overvoltages). There is also the option to set a hysteresis value for all these
thresholds.
• The QNA-412 may be installed in both 3 wire and 4 wire systems. All quality
measurements will be made with reference to Neutral or between phases
depending on the selection.
• The QNA-412 may also be used to measure via voltage and current
transformers
4.- RECORDING IN THE MEMORY (automatically).
The QNA-412 has an internal clock, with date and time, to allow it to
automatically record electrical parameters as well as any incident that may occur.
The storage memory for the QNA-412 has four independent blocks reserved
for each type of file that it records. The following information is found in each of these
files:
• *.STD: where the measured data (voltage, current, frequency,
power, energy, flicker, THD, unbalance) is periodically stored.
• *.EVE: where any incident occurring to the QNA-412 is stored (file
reading, Setup change, deleting from the memory, auxiliary power
supply on/off, battery off...).
• *.EVQ: Quality events file where incidents occurring with the
electricity supply are stored (interruptions, dips, overvoltages...) plus
supplementary information on them (time when the incident
occurred, length, maximum/minimum voltage, average voltage,
voltage prior to the event).
• *.H24: where data is stored for statistical studies on the
development of the harmonics throughout a day.
The QNA-412 has a rotating storage memory. This means that if the memory
is full, new data obtained is stored in place of the oldest recordings. Therefore, if no
data is to be lost, files from the memory must be downloaded before it starts
recording over information that has not yet been downloaded.
Page no. 7
5.- INSTALLATION AND START-UP.
This manual has information and warnings that the user must
follow to ensure the safe operation of the equipment and to maintain it
in good condition in terms of safety.
If the equipment is used in a way not specified by the
manufacturer, the equipment's protection may be compromised. Opening covers or
removing parts with the equipment connected to the power supply, may access parts
which are dangerous when touched.
In the event of a possible loss in safety (e.g. visible damage), the
equipment must be disconnected from the power supply. In the event of
this occurring, please contact a qualified service representative.
Page no. 8
5.1.- Terminal ratio.
Terminal
No.
Terminal Description
Upper board
21
VL1 measurement
22
Common L1
23
VL2 measurement
24
Common L12
25
VL3 measurement
26
Common L13
27
Neutral
28
Earth
29
Not connected
30
Not connected
31
Not connected
32
Not connected
33
Not connected
34
Not connected
R2
R1
12 431165789
21 22 24 3423 333026 3125 3527 3228 29
Upper connection terminal
35
Not connected
Lower board
1 Measured current IL1 S1
2 Measured current IL1 S2
3 Measured current IL2 S1
4 Measured current IL2 S2
5 Measured current IL3 S1
6 Measured current IL3 S2
7 Measured current Neutral S1
8 Measured current Neutral S2
9
Voltage input power supply
11
Voltage input power supply
R1 RS-232
R2
R1
12 4
31165789
21 22 24 3423 333026 3125 3527 3228 29
Lower connection terminal
R2 RS-485 / GSM Aerial
(According to model)
The QNA-412 may be installed in either a three phase system with Neutral (4
wire) or without Neutral (3 wire). Measurement only depends on the connection and
equipment setting.
Earthing is vital to the operation of the QNA-412's
protection.
Page no. 9
5.1.1.- Communications cables for RJ connectors.
The use of the RJ connectors will vary according to the QNA model used.
Therefore:
QNA-412 RS232 / RS485
R1 – RS-232 Communications
R2 – RS-485 Communications
QNA-412 GSM / RS232
R2
R1
12 4
31165789
21 22 24 3423 3 33026 3125 3527 3228 29
Lower connection terminal
R1 – RS-232 Communications
R2 – GSM aerial
RJ Connector (QNA)
Front view
16
2
3
4
5
Below are diagrams of the most usual connections for the QNA-412 communications
cables:
• RS-232 connection to a PC or to an external modem:
PC External Modem QNA-412
DB9 DB25 DB9 DB25
1–DSR 5–GND 7–GND 5–GND 7–GND
2–Rx 3–Tx 2–Tx 2–Rx 3–Rx
3–TX 2–Rx 3–Rx 3–Tx 2–Tx
4–CTS 7–RTS 4–RTS 8–CTS 5–CTS
5–RTS 8–CTS 5–CTS 7–RTS 4–RTS
6–GND 5–GND 7–GND 5–GND 7–GND
• RS-485:
QNA-412 RS-232/485 (DB9)
Converter
2–Tx/Rx(-) 2–Tx/Rx (-)
3–Tx/Rx(+) 1–Tx/Rx (+)
6–GND 5–GND
To communicate with a QNA-412-GSM via a mobile telephone, the RS232 communications cable must not be connected at any time. If it is detected
that the RS232 cable is connected, any modem operation will be cancelled.
Page no. 10
5.2.- QNA-412 analyzer start up.
Before connecting the equipment to the mains please bear in mind the
following points:
1) Supply system voltage:
Voltage: 63 – 520 V AC.
Frequency: 50... 60 Hz.
2) Earth: The equipment must have the earthing cable connected. If it is not
attached, some of the equipment's protection will become ineffective.
3) Maximum current in the voltage measurement circuit: 500 V AC. between phase
and common:
4 wire configuration: 500 V AC Neutral-phase / 866 V AC. phase-phase.
3 wire configuration: 500 V AC. phase-phase.
4) Maximum measurement current: According to CLAMPS USED. In / 2 V AC.
5) Maximum measurement current: According to CLAMPS USED. In / 2 V AC.
6) Equipment consumption: 16 W.
7) Operating conditions:
• Operating temperature: 0º to 50º C.
• Operating humidity: 25% to 75 % RH.
8) Safety: Designed for category III installations according to EN 61010.
Points to check during installation:
8) Check that the earth has been connected to avoid interference to the equipment.
Not attaching the earth reduces the effectiveness of the QNA-412's protection.
9) Check the power measurements and their sign (Check the polarity of the current
transformers).
10) Check the QNA-412 analyzer setting.
Please note
A symptom of poor installation or wrong setting is the measurements flashing
on the display. The causes may be:
− The equipment has detected an event. This may mean that there has
actually been an event on the line (correct installation) or that the pre-set
nominal voltage does not match that of the system.
− If dashes appear on the balance screen: it means that the sequence of
the phase turn is wrong.
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