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Personal computer
µATX
form factor
Intel® DQ35JO
motherboard
User Guide
Discovery / Enterprise JO
Quality | Perform a n c e | Service www.C I A R A - T E C H . c o m
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CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO
9300 Trans Canada Highway
Montreal, Quebec H4S 1K5
Tel: (514) 798-8880
Fax: (514) 798-8889
• Microsoft, Windows Vista, Windows 2000 and Windows XP are registered trademarks of
Microsoft Corporation
• Intel and Pentium
®
are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation
• Novell and NetWare are registered trademarks of Novell Corporation
• All other names, brands, and trademarks are trademarks of their respective companies
First Printing October 2007
Printed in Canada
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CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FIRST PRINTING SEPTEMBER 2007......................................................................2
TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................3
ABOUT THIS GUIDE...............................................................................................6
COMPATIBILITY ....................................................................................................7
ONE YEAR LIMITED WARRANTY...........................................................................8
Procedures to be followed:.....................................................................................................................9
LIMITED WARRANTY .......................................................................................................................10
RADIO INTERFERENCE PRECAUTIONS...............................................................11
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY......................................................................12
FCC INFORMATION TO USER ............................................................................13
WARNING...........................................................................................................13
1.0: INTRODUCTION TO THE CIARATECH EN T E R P R I S E / D I S C O V E R Y J O.....................14
1.1: Upgrading ........................................................................................................................................17
1.2: Networking......................................................................................................................................17
2.0: THE CIARATECH ENTERPRISE/DISCOVERY JO BIOS....................................18
2.1: BIOS Configuration and Installation .........................................................................................18
2.2: BIOS Set-up Program Menu Bar..................................................................................................19
2.3: BIOS Set-up Program Function Keys .........................................................................................19
2.4: BIOS Flash Memory Organization..............................................................................................19
2.5: PCI Autoconfiguration ..................................................................................................................19
2.6: PCI IDE Support.............................................................................................................................19
2.7: System Management BIOS (SMBIOS).......................................................................................20
2.8: Legacy USB Support ......................................................................................................................20
2.9: BIOS Updates..................................................................................................................................21
2.9.1 Language Support ...................................................................................................................21
2.9.2 Custom Splash Screen........................................................................................................21
2.10: BIOS recovery...............................................................................................................................21
2.11: Boot Options.................................................................................................................................22
2.11.1 CD-ROM Boot ..........................................................................................................................22
2.11.2 Network Boot ......................................................................................................................22
2.11.3 Booting without attached devices ....................................................................................22
2.11.4 Changing the Default Boot Device during POST...........................................................22
2.12: Adjusting Boot Speed..................................................................................................................22
2.12.1 Peripheral Selection and Configuration ..........................................................................23
2.12.2 BIOS Boot Optimizations........................................................................................................23
2.13: BIOS Security Features................................................................................................................23
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CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO
3.0: CIARATECH ENTERPRISE/DISCOVERY JO SPECIFICATIONS.......................25
3.1:
Configuration & Layout -
3.2: The PCI Express Bus ......................................................................................................................27
3.3: Disk Drives......................................................................................................................................27
3.3.1: Floppy Disk drive.....................................................................................................................27
3.3.2: Serial ATA Interface .................................................................................................................28
3.3.3: Parallel IDE Controller.............................................................................................................28
3.3.4: CD-ROM Drives........................................................................................................................28
3.4: Keyboard..........................................................................................................................................29
3.5: Intel GMA3100 Video Set-up.......................................................................................................29
Digital Video Interface (DVI)............................................................................................................30
Installing Utility and Driver Software.............................................................................................30
DPMS Settings.....................................................................................................................................30
3.6: Audio Set-up ...................................................................................................................................30
3.7: I/O Port Set-up ................................................................................................................................31
RJ-45 LAN Connector LEDs..............................................................................................................31
3.9: Intel
3.10: Trusted Platform Module (TPM)...............................................................................................33
®
Active Management Technology .....................................................................................32
3.9.1: Intel
®
AMT Status Indicator....................................................................................................32
CIARATECH
Enterprise/Discovery JO Main board
.......................................25
4.0: INSTALLING AND UPGRADING YOUR SYSTEM ..........................................34
4.1: Unpacking Your Computer...........................................................................................................34
4.2: Choosing a Site for the System ....................................................................................................34
4.3: Connecting I/O Devices.................................................................................................................35
4.4: Installing Adapter Cards...............................................................................................................36
4.5: Replacing the System Batteries....................................................................................................36
4.6: Installing an Upgrade CPU...........................................................................................................37
4.7: Installing an Upgrade Flash BIOS...............................................................................................37
4.8: Installing DIMM Memory Modules...........................................................................................37
Memory Bank Configuration............................................................................................................38
Installing DIMM Modules.................................................................................................................38
4.9: System Maintenance......................................................................................................................40
5.0: USING THE CIARATECH ENTERPRISE/DISCOVERY JO.................................41
5.1: Introduction.....................................................................................................................................41
5.2: A Caution about Viruses...............................................................................................................41
5.3: Windows ..........................................................................................................................................41
5.4: Windows 2000 Server, Windows 2003 Server & Novell NetWare.........................................41
6.0: DOCUMENTING YOUR COMPUTER............................................................42
6.1: Base System Details .......................................................................................................................42
6.2: Hardware Configuration...............................................................................................................42
7.0: QUICK INSTALLATION GUIDE ....................................................................43
7.1: Mid-Tower Chassis Characteristics.............................................................................................43
7.2: Small Form Factor Chassis Characteristics ................................................................................44
7.3 : Opening and accessing the chassis.............................................................................................45
7.4: Preparing the chassis for installation..........................................................................................47
7.5: Insertion of the processor..............................................................................................................49
7.6: Installation of the memory modules...........................................................................................51
7.7: Installation of an expansion card.................................................................................................52
7.8: Insertion of the motherboard .......................................................................................................53
7.9: Installation of the optical drive module.....................................................................................54
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CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO
7.10: Installation of the hard drive......................................................................................................55
7.11: Connecting the keyboard............................................................................................................57
7.12: Connecting the LCD Monitor.....................................................................................................57
7.13: Precautions against static electricity .........................................................................................58
8.0: TROUBLESHOOTING YOUR SYSTEM............................................................59
8.1: BIOS Errors and Messages............................................................................................................59
8.2: Beep Codes.......................................................................................................................................59
8.3: Helpful hints ...................................................................................................................................60
8.4: Solving General Problems............................................................................................................61
8.5: Solving Power Supply Problems.................................................................................................62
8.6: Solving Diskette Problems...........................................................................................................64
8.7: Solving Hard Drive Problems......................................................................................................65
8.8: Solving Display Problems ............................................................................................................66
8.9: Solving Audio Problems...............................................................................................................68
8.10: Solving Printer Problems............................................................................................................68
8.11: Solving Keyboard and Mouse Problems..................................................................................69
8.12: Solving Hardware Installation Problems.................................................................................70
8.13: Solving Memory Problems.........................................................................................................71
8.14: Solving Processor Problems .......................................................................................................71
8.15: Solving Optical Drive Problems................................................................................................72
GLOSSARY..........................................................................................................73
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CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO
ABOUT THIS GUIDE
Please read this U ser's Guide before us ing your CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO computer. If you
are an experienced user then you may wish to proceed to Chapters 2, 4 & 5.
This User's Guide is divided into eight chapters that provide information on Models, Features and
Upgrades, Hardware Specifications, Set-up, Configuration, and Installation, as well as an Equipment Log
and a Glossary. Please remember to fill out the Equipment Log that you will find in Chapter 6, and keep
a copy in a safe place.
Chapter 1 will stimulate your desire to learn more about the many exciting upgrades and enhancements,
including PCI Express video cards, PCI Express add-in cards and conventional PCI sound con troller s and
disk controllers that we offer for your CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO computer. Please contact us
at CIARATECH for any additional details.
With proper care and operating procedu res your CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO will give many
years of service and high performance computing.
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CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO
COMPATIBILITY
All CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO models run the following operating systems software:
• MS-Windows (All Versions, including 2000, XP and Vista)
• SCO UNIX/ Open Desktop
• Linux
CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO models will operate on Windows NT Server, Windows 2000
Server, Windows 2003 Server, Novell NetWare, SCO Unix and all UNIX
appropriate network adapter cards and applications software have been installed.
CIARATECH is licensed to supply the Windows 2000, Windows XP and Vista operating systems software
with its CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO computers. A package of the latest version of Windows
software and a manual is included with the CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO.
If you have purchased a Windows license with your CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO system, please
abide by the Copyright and License terms and conditions that are enclosed with this software packag e.
These require that the Windows software may only be used and installed on the CIARATECH
Enterprise/Discovery JO computer wi t h which they were purchased.
You may make copies of this Windows software for your own back-up purposes only.
All CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO series computers are certified by the Underwriters Laboratories
of Canada (UL), and meet or exceed the Class B limitations for Radio noise emissions from digital
apparatus as set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of Industry Canada.
based networks, provided that
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CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO
ONE YEAR LIMITED WARRANTY
CIARATECH customarily provides a one (1) year, 100% parts and labour non-transferable and limited
warranty to all Original Purchasers of its Enterprise/Discovery JO series computers. The warranty terms
are normally Return-to-Depot. This one-year limited warranty starts on the "Date of Delivery". The
warranty covers any optional product(s) manufactured and sold by CIARATECH and installed by
CIARATECH in an Enterprise/Discovery JO series System Unit. This one-year limited warranty, however,
does not apply to any other item not internally installed in the System Unit by CIARATECH, or to any
subsequent owners.
If you have purchased a different type of warranty, or an extension to th e standard warranty, you will
need to provide the CIARATECH Service Contract Number to the Customer Support representative when
placing a call for service or support. It is advisable to affix this Contract Number to the machine in the
event that service is required.
In lieu of either the On-Site or Return-to-Depot portions of the warranty, CIARATECH reserves the right
to directly ship certain customer replaceable components as replacement products for failed components.
When this option is invoked, the customer will be asked to replace the component(s) and return the
original failed component to CIARATECH within five (5) working days.
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CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO
Procedures to be followed:
1. Refer to the back of your system main CPU unit and record the model number and serial
number from the Machine Identification La bel .
2. Make sure that you know the name and version number of the operating system that you are
using, what accessory expansion cards you have installed in your system, and that you have the
system Owner’s and User’s Guides ready to hand.
3. Call CIARATECH Support Centre at 877-242-7272.
4. Provide the computer system’s model number and serial number. If you have purchased an
extended warranty, please provide the Service Contract number as well. The Customer Service
Representative will verify your warranty status immediately, and then pass the call to the
dedicated PC Support Group for further action.
5. Answer any questions from the support personnel to the best of your ab ility: The support g roup
may ask you to provide additional information, run specific commands, change or verify
parameter settings, etc…
6. The support personnel may be able to rectify the problem over th e telepho ne, at which time you
should ask for and record the unique call number for your own records. If the support group is
unable to resolve the problem remotely, an On-Site call may be generated or additional
information will be provided to you to obtain a Returned Merchandise Authorization Number
(RMA), depending upon the type and current status of your warranty.
7. Make a back-up copy of all of the files on your hard d isk before returning your computer for
service. CIARATECH is not responsible for the loss or damage of any data on the returned
system. In some cases, hard disks may need to reformatted or replaced. It is the responsibility
of the user to ensure data is backed up prior to shipment to CIARATECH.
8. Use the original box with its foam protective inserts wh enever you return your computer to u s
for service. CIARATECH is not responsible for shipping damage due to poor packaging.
Include your phone number and a list of times when you may be contacted.
If you have any questions please contact us at our Montreal address shown in our web site at:
http://www.ciara-tech.com
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CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO
LIMITED WARRANTY
CIARATECH warrants the product (“Product”) you have purchased from CIARATECH or from an authorized CIARATECH reseller to
be free from defects in materials and/or workmanship under normal use during the warranty period applicable to the product as
defined by the standard warranty purchased with the Product, or any additional warranties and/or warranty extensions purchased
through CIARATECH or an authorized CIARATECH reseller. The warranty period commences on the date of purchase. This warranty
extends only to you, the original Purchaser. It is not transferable to anyone who subsequently purchases leases or otherwise obtains
the Product from you. It excludes expendable (consumable) parts.
During the warranty period, CIARATECH will, at no additional charge, repair or replace defective parts with new or serviceable used
parts that are equivalent to new parts in performance, form, fit and function. All exchanged parts and Products replaced under this
warranty will become the property of CIARATECH. If after repeated efforts, CIARATECH is unable to restore the Product to good
working order, you may claim the purchase price of the Product. This Limited Warranty also does not extend to any Product that
has been damaged or rendered defective (i) as a result of the use of the Product other than for its intended use, failure to use the
Product in accordance with the User’s Guide which accompanies the Product or other misuse, abuse or negligence to the Product;
(ii) by the use of parts not manufactured or sold by CIARATECH; (iii) by modification of the Product; (iv) as a result of service by
anyone other than CIARATECH or an Authorized CIARATECH Service Provider; or (v) improper transportation or packaging when
returning the Product to CIARATECH or an authorized CIARATECH Service Provider.
This Limited Warranty does not extend to expendable (consumable) parts. Expendable parts are those items that during the normal
course of product usage will require periodic replacement, e.g., printer cartridges, batteries, diskette/tape head cleaning kits, etc.
Regarding any CIARATECH supplied software which accompanies the Product, CIARATECH warrants the media (e.g., diskette, hard
disk, CD ROM) upon which this software is delivered to be free from defects in material and/or workmanship for a period of ninety
(90) days from the date of purchase by the end-user. In the event of defective media, as your exclusive remedy and the sole liability
of CIARATECH, CIARATECH will replace the defective media at no charge to you if you return the defective media, with prepaid
shipping, to CIARATECH within the warranty period.
Except for this media warranty, this software is provided “As is” and CIARATECH disclaims any and all warranties, express or
implied, including but not limited to any implied warranty of non-infringement of third party rights, merchantability or fitness for a
particular purpose. CIARATECH does not warrant that the operation of this software will be uninterrupted or error free or that this
software will meet your requirements.
CIARATECH is not responsible for damage to or loss of any programs, data, or removable storage media. You are responsible for
saving (backing up) any programs, data or removable storage media.
EXCEPT FOR THE WARRANTIES SET FORTH HEREIN,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES THAT MAY BE
IMPOSED BY APPLICABLE LAW ARE LIMITED TO THE TERMS OF THIS LIMITED WARRANTY. IN NO EVENT
SHALL
CIARATECH BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF BUSINESS, PROFITS, DATA OR USE, WHETHER IN AN ACTION IN CONTRACT O R
TORT OR BASED ON A WARRANTY, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORM ANCE OF
THE PRODUCT OR ANY
CIARATECH SUPPLIED SOFTWARE WHICH ACCOMPANIES THE PRODUCT, EVEN IF
CIARATECH HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. YOU AGREE THAT REPAIR,
REPLACEMENT OR REFUND, AS APPLICABLE, UNDER THE WARRANTY SERVICES DESCRIBED HEREIN ARE
YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES WITH RESPECT TO ANY BREACH OF THE
WARRANTY SET FORTH HEREIN.
Some provinces (or states) do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages for consumer products,
and some provinces (or states) do not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts. In such provinces (or states), the
exclusions or limitations of this Limited Warranty may not apply to you.
This Limited Warranty gives you specific legal rights. You may also have other rights that vary from province to province and state
to state. You are advised to consult applicable provincial or state laws for a full determination of your rights.
CIARATECH DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES,
CIARATECH LIMITED
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CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO
RADIO INTERFERENCE PRECAUTIONS
To minimize the likelihood of interference being caused to any radio or TV equipment, CIARATECH
recommends that shielded cables with metal RFI/EMI connector hoods be used to connect all peripheral
devices to the CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO computer.
In the event that perceptible interference occurs, then please ensure that a ground connection is made
from any peripheral devices to the computer chassis. However, a separate ground connection is not
necessary if a shielded cable is used to connect the computer with any peripheral device.
Very often, simply moving the computer equipment to another location a few feet away will remove any
signs of interference to television reception.
Under no circumstances should any "radio-type" modems be attached to the computer, unless a license
has been obtained from the appropriate regulatory authorities (in Canada - the Department of
Communications of Industry Canada, and in the U.S.A. - the Federal Communications Commission).
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CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
We, Manufacturer/Importer
CIARATECH
9300 Trans Canada Highway
Montreal, Quebec H4S 1K5
Tel: (514) 798-8880
Fax: (514) 798-8889
declare that the product
Personal Computer System
CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO
is in conformity with Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
Robert Ahdoot, President
CIARATECH
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CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO
FCC Information to User
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital d evice, pursu ant
to Part 15 of FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction guide, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. However, there are no guarantees that radio interference will not
occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television
reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to
correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the distance between the equipment and the receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is
connected.
• Consult the vendor or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Warning
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by CIARATECH could void the user’s authority to
operate the equipment.
This equipment is equipped with a shielded 3-wire power cord and plug. Use this power cord in
conjunction with a properly grounded electrical outlet to avoid electrical shock and to reduce radio
frequency interference that may emanate from the power cord.
We recommend you use shielded remote I/O cables, with properly grounded shields and metal connectors
in order to reduce radio frequency interference, which may emanate from these cables.
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CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO
1.0: Introduction to the CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO
This is the User's Guide for the CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO family of microcomputers. The
CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO is a series of PCI and PCI Express bus computers that use Intel
Core™2 Quad at front side bus speed of 1066 MHz, Core™2 Duo at front side bus speeds of 1333, 1066
or 800 MHz, Pentium Dual-Core at front side bus speed of 800 MHz and the Intel Celeron processors at
front side bus speeds of 800 MHz both in the LGA775 package. All versions have one PCI Express x16
video slot, two PCI Express x1 expansion slots and one conventional PCI bus slot.
All CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO versions use a Intel BIOS, a 512KB, 2 , 4 or 8 MB secondary
external cache memory on the CPU and up to 8 GB of main memory DDR2 type, 667 or 800 MHz. Any
version is configurable with processors ranging in speed from 1.6 to 3.0 GHz. The Set-Up and
Configuration procedures for all versions are identical.
While supplied as standard in a mini tower case, CIARATECH can supply the CIARATECH
Enterprise/Discovery JO in a full range of cases that include smaller desktop ones as well as larger towers
that are suitable for applications that require a greater expansion capacity.
The CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO computer version is determined by the particular CPU
installed and currently the following versions are offered. These are:
Processor type Number Cache FSB Speed
Celeron 420 512 KB 800 MHz 1.6 GHz
Celeron 430 512 KB 800 MHz 1.8 GHz
Celeron 440 512 KB 800 MHz 2.0 GHz
Pentium Dual-Core E2140 1 MB 800 MHz 1.6 GHz
Pentium Dual-Core E2160 1 MB 800 MHz 1.8 GHz
Pentium Dual-Core E2180 1 MB 800 MHz 2.0 GHz
Core™2 Duo E4300 2 MB 800 MHz 1.8 GHz
Core™2 Duo E4400 2 MB 800 MHz 2.0 GHz
Core™2 Duo E4500 2 MB 800 MHz 2.2 GHz
Core™2 Duo E6300 2 MB 1066 MHz 1.86 GHz
Core™2 Duo E6320 4 MB 1066 MHz 1.86 GHz
Core™2 Duo E6400 2 MB 1066 MHz 2.13 GHz
Core™2 Duo E6420 4 MB 1066 MHz 2.13 GHz
Core™2 Duo E6550 4 MB 1333 MHz 2.33 GHz
Core™2 Duo E6600 4 MB 1066 MHz 2.4 GHz
Core™2 Duo E6700 4 MB 1066 MHz 2.66 GHz
Core™2 Duo E6750 4 MB 1333 MHz 2.66 GHz
Core™2 Duo E6850 4 MB 1333 MHz 3.0 GHz
Core™2 Quad Q6600 8 MB 1066 MHz 2.4 GHz
Core™2 Quad Q6700 8 MB 1066 MHz 2.66 GHz
Figure 1.1: CPU support list for CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO Computers
All versions utilize essentially the same Set-Up and configuration procedures and the same Intel BIOS.
Other processors may be supported in the future. This board is designed to support processors with a
maximum wattage of 105 W. The processors listed above are only supported when falling within the
wattage requirements of the DQ35JO board.
.
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CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO
With care and proper operating procedure, all CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO computers will give
many years of trouble-free service. The CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO can be configured for a
wide range of special purpose, business, industrial and scientific applications.
The information provided in this guide is all
that you should need to set up and use your CIARATECH
Enterprise/Discovery JO computer. We offer Technical Reference Manuals for sale to knowledgeable
users.
Please note that any modifications or additions not made by CIARATECH or our authorized
personnel, to any CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO that is under Warranty, such as your
insertion or removal of adapter cards not supplied and installed by CIARATECH could cause
damage and may void the Warranty.
Please do not experiment if you are unsure, and remember we are ready to answer your questions.
Please call us first.
Figure 1.2: CIARATECH Enterprise / Discovery JO in Medium-Tower (Enterprise) or desktop (Discovery) casing
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CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO
Processor:
Bus:
System Board:
Intel Core
Intel Core
Intel Pentium
Celeron (1.6 to 2.0 GHz)
with LGA775 connector.
Front side bus: 800, 1066 or 1333 MHz.
One PCI Express x16 video slot, two PCI Express x1 expansion slots
and one conventional PCI slot.
Intel DQ35JO µATX format main board uses Intel Q35 chipset
™2 Quad (2.4 to 2.66 GHz),
™2 Duo (1.8 GHz to 3.0 GHz),
®
Dual-Core (1.6 GHz to 2.0 GHz) and
BIOS:
RAM:
Ports:
Drives:
Casing:
Video:
Audio:
Network:
Certification:
Intel Flash BIOS standard, with ACPI, APM, DMI, Energy Star, Plug
& Play and SMBIOS features.
DDR2 240 pin Type 667 or 800 MHz SDRAM, minimum 512 MB
and 8 GB maximum. Four DIMM sockets. SPD (Serial Presence
Detect) memory is mandatory. Non-ECC memory only is supported.
One serial port header, video port, twelve USB 2.0 ports (6 + 6),
audio ports (3 +2), RJ45 port, two IEEE1394a ports
3.5” 1.44 MB floppy drive (optional USB external), vast choice of
EIDE CD-ROM drives and vast choice of Serial ATA hard disk
drives. The IDE controller supports two IDE devices at Ultra DMA
33/66/100.
Six Serial ATA controllers including one eSATA (3 Gbps) supporting
one drive each.
Enterprise: Mid-tower, 350 W power supply (80 PLUS
four external
5 ¼” bays and two external 3 ½” bays in the front,
®
),
four internal 3 ½” bays.
Discovery: Desktop, 300 W power supply (
one external 5 ¼” bay and one external 3 ½” bay in the front,
80 PLUS®),
one internal 3 ½” bay.
Integrated Intel 82Q35 GMA3100 video controller with 400 MHz
core frequency, DX9.0c and OpenGL 1.4 compliant, Hardware Pixel
Shader 2.0, Vertex Shader Model 2.0, 3D Graphics Rendering
enhancements:1.6 dual texture GigaPixel/sec max fill rate, 16-bit and
32-bit color and Vertex cache. DVMT technology enabling the
controller to use up to 287 MB of system memory.
Display Supports analog displays up to 2048 x 1536 at 75 Hz refresh
(QXGA). Dual independent display support. DDC2B compliant
interface with Advanced Digital Display 2 card or Media Expansion
Card (ADD2/MEC), support for TV-out/TV-in and DVI digital
display connections.
Integrated Intel High Definition Audio 4-channel (Realtek ALC268GR audio codec) sound controller with audio in, audio out and
microphone.
Integrated Intel 82566DM-2 Ethernet network interface controller
Gigabit 10/100/1000 Mbits with WOL.
UL (E204926), FCC Class B, Microsoft (Windows 2000, Windows
XP and Windows Vista) certified, compliant with Energy Star
guidelines for energy efficiency.
Figure 1.3: Standard Features of CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO Computers
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CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO
1.1: Upgrading
As the purchaser of a powerful state of the art CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO computer you have
no doubt decided on the features and upgrade capabilities that you might wish to add to your computer.
There are many exciting possibilities for upgrading your CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO.
CIARATECH has extensively tested a range of potential upgrade and enhancement options that range from
hard disks to various optical drives. Some of these work much better than others and we are able to
recommend the ones that work best with your CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO computer.
CIARATECH will be pleased to help you to ensure that you choose the most reliable and compatible system
components when the time comes to upgrade and enhance your CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO
computer in a manner that will preserve the Warranty. Figure 1.4 summarizes the general features of the
various types of upgrades and enhancements that may be added to any CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery
JO.
UPGRADES AVAILABLE CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO
Serial ATA Hard Disk Drives Several hard disks ranging from 80 GB to 1 TB
SCSI Hard Disk Drives Several hard disks ranging from 36 to 300 GB
Optical Drives Internal & external CD-ROMs, DVD-ROM’s,
PCI Express x16 Video
Controller
System Memory Up to 8 GB DDR2, 240 pin, 667 or 800 MHz.
Disk Controllers A PCI bus Parallel ATA IDE controller is built
Hi Res. Monitors & Display
Adapters
Network Adapters Several PCI or PCI Express x1 bus network
and writeable CD and DVD drives may be
added.
All video controllers compliant with the PCI
Express x16 standard, with 128 MB of video
memory or more.
into the system as well as six Serial ATA
controllers (3 Gbps).
SATA RAID (0, 1, 0+1 and 5)
PCI bus Ultra320 SCSI controller options are
available.
17 to 27 inches CRT or LCD monitors.
adapter cards for Ethernet and Token Ring
transmission media are available.
Figure 1.4: Upgrades for CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO Computers
1.2: Networking
Among the more exciting applications for extending the power and utility of CIARATECH
Enterprise/Discovery JO computers is to connect them (using communication links and adapter cards)
with other computer systems to form computer / communication networks in order that software
resources (such as databases) and hardware resources (such as printers and modems) may be shared. This
is referred to as Local Area Networking (LAN) and Wide Area Networking (WAN).
All CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO computers can be networked using a wide variety of network
adapters that permit the CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO computer to operate with a full range of
mini and mainframe computers. For example the CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO can be networked
using a wide variety of Ethernet adapter cards while running the UNIX Operating System.
CIARATECH System Integration and Networks Group would be pleased to provide you with turnkey
solutions for all your Windows 2000 Server, Windows 2003 Serv er, Novell NetWare and SCO/UNIX
networking needs. We have trained and certified experts on staff to help you.
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2.0: The CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO BIOS
2.1: BIOS Configuration and Installation
The purpose of this section is to describe the procedures to set up the BIOS con figuration option s of your
CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO computer. All this work is done for you at the CIARATECH plant
enabling the system to be ready to start on Power on. However, we are describing this procedure as a
means of transparency.
Every CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO is now supplied with the latest version of the Intel BIOS.
The Intel BIOS is a set of permanently recorded software that gives the CIARATECH
Enterprise/Discovery JO its fundamental operational characteristics.
The Intel BIOS is made up of code that provides the device-level control for the major I/O devices in the
CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO computer system. It contains a set of routines (called POST, for
Power-On Self-Test) that check out your CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO system when you turn it
on.
The Intel BIOS name will be displayed on the screen of the monitor every time the power is turned on.
The Set-Up procedure involves storing in the CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO computer data &
hardware information (called configuration information) including:
• Date & time,
• Type(s) of floppy disk drive(s),
• Type(s) of hard disk drive(s),
• Type of display adapter,
• Presence or absence of a keyboard,
It will be necessary to run the Set-Up program if you do any of the following:
• Replace the battery,
• Install a second hard drive or replace the one you have with a new model,
• You have not used your system for a considerable period,
• The original set-up has been "lost".
In any of these cases you must use the Set-Up
options actually installed in your system.
To use the
Set-Up program proceed as follows:
1. Turn on or re-boot (press simultaneously
CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO system. After the Intel BIOS performs a
series of diagnostic checks, the following message appears:
P
RESS <F2> to enter Set-Up.
2. Press the <F2> key to enter the Intel BIOS
3. Choose a
Set-Up option with the arrow keys and press < ↵ > to select.
program to modify the system parameters to reflect the
<CTRL>, <ALT>, <DEL>) your
Set-Up program.
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2.2: BIOS Set-up Program Menu Bar
Function Description
Maintenance Clears passwords and displays processor information.
Main Displays processor and memory information.
Advanced Configures advanced features available through the chipset.
Security Sets passwords and security features.
Power Configures power management features and power supply controls.
Boot Selects boot options.
Intel ME
Exit Saves or discards changes to Set-up program options.
Configures options for the Intel Management Engine and Intel Active
Management Technology
2.3: BIOS Set-up Program Function Keys
BIOS Set-up Program Function Key Description
<←> or <→> Selects a different menu screen (Moves the cursor left or right).
<↑> or <↓> Selects an item (Moves the cursor up or down).
<Tab> Selects a field (Not implemented)
<Enter> Executes command or selects the submenu.
<F9> Loads the default configuration values for the current menu.
<F10> Saves the current values and exits the BIOS Set-up program.
<Esc> Exits the menu.
2.4: BIOS Flash Memory Organization
The Serial Peripheral Interface Flash Memory (SPI Flash) includes a 32 Mbit (4096 KB) flash memory
device.
2.5: PCI Autoconfiguration
The BIOS can automatically configure PCI devices. PCI devices may be onboard or add-in cards.
Autoconfiguration lets a user insert or remove PCI cards without having to configure the system. When
a user turns on the system after adding a PCI card, the BIOS automatically configures interrupts, the I/O
space, and other system resources. Any interrupts set to Available in Setup are considered to be
available for use by the add-in card.
2.6: PCI IDE Support
If you select Auto in the BIOS Setup program, the BIOS automatically sets up the PCI IDE connector with
independent I/O channel support. The IDE interface supports hard drives up to ATA-66/100 and recognizes
any ATAPI compliant devices, including CD-ROM drives, tape drives, and Ultra DMA drives. The BIOS
determines the capabilities of each drive and configures them to optimize capacity and performance. To
take advantage of the high capacities typically available today, hard drives are au tomatically co nfigured for
Logical Block Addressing (LBA) and to PIO Mode 3 or 4, depending on the cap ability of the drive. You
can override the auto configuration options by specifying manual configuration in the BIOS Setup program.
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To use ATA-66/100 features, the following items are required:
• An ATA-66/100 peripheral device
• An ATA-66/100 compatible cable
• ATA-66/100 operating system device drivers
NOTE: Do not connect an ATA device as a slave on the same IDE cable as an ATAPI master device.
For example, do not connect an ATA hard drive as a slave to an ATAPI CD-ROM drive.
2.7: System Management BIOS (SMBIOS)
SMBIOS is a Desktop Management Interface (DMI) compliant method for managing computers in a
managed network.
The main component of SMBIOS is the Management Information Format (MIF) database, which contains
information about the computing system and its components. Using SMBIOS, a system administrator can
obtain the system types, capabilities, operational status, and installation dates for system components. The
MIF database defines the data and provides the method for accessing this information. The BIOS enables
applications such as third-party management software to use SMBIOS. The BIOS stores and reports the
following SMBIOS information:
• BIOS data, such as the BIOS revision level
• Fixed-system data, such as peripherals, serial numbers, and asset tags
• Resource data, such as memory size, cache size, and processor speed
• Dynamic data, such as event detection and error logging
Non-Plug and Play operating systems, such as Windows NT*, require an additional interface for obtaining
the SMBIOS information. The BIOS supports an SMBIOS table interface for such operating systems.
Using this support, an SMBIOS service-level application running on a non-Plug and Play operating system
can obtain the SMBIOS information.
2.8: Legacy USB Support
Legacy USB support enables USB devices to be used even when the operating system’s USB drivers are
not yet available. Legacy USB support is used to access the BIOS Setup program, and to install an
operating system that supports USB. By default, Legacy USB support is set to Enabled.
Legacy USB support operates as follows:
1. When you apply power to the computer, legacy support is disabled.
2. POST begins.
3. Legacy USB support is enabled by the BIOS allowing you to use a USB keyboard to enter and
configure the BIOS Setup program and the maintenance menu.
4. POST completes.
5. The operating system loads. While the operating system is loading, USB keyboards and mice are
recognized and may be used to configure the operating system. (Keyboards and mice are not recognized
during this period if Legacy USB support was set to Disabled in the BIOS Setup program.)
6. After the operating system loads the USB drivers, all legacy and non-legacy USB devices are
recognized by the operating system, and Legacy USB support from the BIOS is no longer used.
7. Additional USB legacy feature options can be access by using Intel Integrator's Toolkit.
To install an operating system that supports USB, verify that Legacy USB support in the BIOS Setup
program is set to Enabled and follow the operating system’s installation instructions .
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2.9: BIOS Updates
The BIOS can be updated using either of the following utilities, which are available on the In tel World
Wide Web site:
• Intel® Express BIOS Update utility, which enables automated updating while in the Windows
environment. Using this utility, the BIOS can be updated from a file on a hard disk, a 1.44 MB diskette, or
a CD-ROM, or from the file location on the Web.
• Intel® Flash Memory Update Utility, which requires creation of a boot diskette and manual rebooting of
the system. Using this utility, the BIOS can be updated from a file on a 1.44 MB diskette (from a legacy
diskette drive or an LS-120 diskette drive) or a CD-ROM.
Both utilities verify that the updated BIOS match the target system to prevent accidentally installing
incompatible BIOS.
NOTE
Review the instructions distributed with the upgrade utility before attempting a BIOS update.
2.9.1 Language Support
The BIOS Setup program and help messages are supported in US English. Additional languages
are available in the Integrator’s Toolkit utility. Check the Intel website for details.
2.9.2 Custom Splash Screen
During POST, an Intel® splash screen is displayed by default. This splash screen can be
augmented with a custom splash screen. The Integrator’s Toolkit that is available from Intel can be
used to create a custom splash screen.
NOTE
If you add a custom splash screen, it will share space with the Intel branded logo.
2.10: BIOS recovery
It is unlikely that anything will interrupt a BIOS update; however, if an interruption occurs, the BIOS could
be damaged. The following table lists the drives and media types that can and cannot be used for BIOS
recovery. The BIOS recovery media does not need to be made bootable.
Acceptable Drives/Media Types for BIOS Recovery
Media Type Can be used for BIOS recovery?
CD-ROM drive connected to the Parallel ATA interfac e Yes
CD-ROM drive connected to the Serial ATA interface Yes
USB removable drive (a USB Flash Drive, for example) Yes
USB diskette drive (with a 1.44 MB diskette) No
USB hard disk drive No
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2.11: Boot Options
In the BIOS Setup program, the user can choose to boot from a diskette drive, hard drive, USB drive, USB
flash drive, CD-ROM, or the network. The default setting is for the diskette drive to be the first boot
device, the hard drive second, and the ATAPI CD-ROM third. If enabled, the last default boot device is the
network.
2.11.1 CD-ROM Boot
Booting from CD-ROM is supported in compliance to the El Torito bootable CD-ROM format
specification. Under the Boot menu in the BIOS Setup program, ATAPI CD-ROM is listed as a
boot device. Boot devices are defined in priority order. Accordingly, if there is not a bootable CD
in the CD-ROM drive, the system will attempt to boot from the next defined drive.
2.11.2 Network Boot
The network can be selected as a boot device. This selection allows booting from the onboard
LAN or a network add-in card with a remote boot ROM installed. Pressing the <F12> key during
POST automatically forces booting from the LAN. To use this key during POST, the User Access
Level in the BIOS Setup program's Security menu must be set to Full.
2.11.3 Booting without attached devices
For use in embedded applications, the BIOS has been designed so that after passing the POST, the
operating system loader is invoked even if the following devices are not present:
• Video adapter
• Keyboard
• Mouse
2.11.4 Changing the Default Boot Device during POST
Pressing the <F10> key during POST causes a boot device menu to be displayed. This menu
displays the list of available boot devices (as set in the BIOS setup program’s Boot Device Priority
Submenu). The following table lists the boot device menu options.
Boot Device Menu Function
Keys
<↑> or <↓>
< ↵ > Exits the menu, saves changes, and boots from the
<Esc>
Description
Selects a default boot device.
selected device.
Exits the menu without saving changes.
2.12: Adjusting Boot Speed
These factors affect system boot speed:
• Selecting and configuring peripherals properly
• Using an optimized BIOS, such as the Intel® Rapid BIOS
.
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2.12.1 Peripheral Selection and Configuration
The following techniques help improve system boot speed:
• Choose a hard drive with parameters such as “power-up to data ready” less than eight seconds,
which minimize hard drive start-up delays.
• Select a CD-ROM drive with a fast initialization rate. This rate can influence POST execu tion
time.
• Eliminate unnecessary add-in adapter features, such as logo displays, screen repaints, or mode
changes in POST. These features may add time to the boot process.
• Try different monitors. Some monitors initialize and communicate with the BIOS more quickly,
which enables the system to boot mo re quickly.
2.12.2 BIOS Boot Optimizations
Use of the following BIOS Setup program settings reduces the POST execution time.
• In the Boot Menu, set the hard disk drive as the first boot device. As a result, the POST does
not first seek a diskette drive, which saves about one second from the POST execution time.
• In the Peripheral Configuration submenu, disable the LAN device if it will not be used. This
can reduce up to four seconds of option ROM boot time.
NOTE
It is possible to optimize the boot process to the point where the system boots so qu ickly that the
Intel logo screen (or a custom logo splash screen) will not be seen. Monitors and hard disk drives
with minimum initialization times can also contribute to a boot time that might be so fast that
necessary logo screens and POST messages cannot be seen.
This boot time may be so fast that some drives might be not be initialized at all. If this condition
should occur, it is possible to introduce a programmable delay ranging from three to 30 seconds
(using the Hard Disk Pre-Delay feature of the Advanced Menu in the Drive Configuration
Submenu of the BIOS Setup program).
2.13: BIOS Security Features
The BIOS includes security features that restrict access to the BIOS Setup program and who can boot the
computer. A supervisor password and a user password can be set for the BIOS Setup program and for
booting the computer, with the following restrictions:
• The supervisor password gives unrestricted access to view and change all the Setup options in the BIOS
Setup program. This is the supervisor mode.
• The user password gives restricted access to view and change Setup options in the BIOS Setup program.
This is the user mode.
• If only the supervisor password is set, pressing the <Enter> key at the password prompt of the BIOS
Setup program allows the user restricted access to Setup.
• If both the supervisor and user passwords are set, users can enter either the supervisor password or the
user password to access Setup. Users have access to Setup respective to which pass word is entered.
• Setting the user password restricts who can boot the computer. The password prompt will be displayed
before the computer is booted. If only the supervisor password is set, the computer boots without asking
for a password. If both passwords are set, the user can enter either password to boot the computer.
• For enhanced security, use different passwords for the supervisor and user passwords.
• Valid password characters are A-Z, a-z, and 0-9. Passwords may be up to 16 characters in length.
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The following table shows the effects of setting the supervisor password and user password. This table is
for reference only and is not displayed on the screen.
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3.0: CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO specifications
In the following sections the specifications of the CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO models are
detailed, and the layout and configuration of their motherboard are illustrated.
3.1:
Configuration & Layout -
CIARATECH
Enterprise/Discovery JO
Main board
The layout of the motherboard that CIARATECH uses in its CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO
systems is shown in Figure 3.1
Figure 3.1: Layout of CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO Mainboard
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CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO
Item/callout from
Figure 3.1
A Front panel audio header
B Speaker
C PCI Conventional bus add-in card connector
D Battery
E PCI Express x1 connector
F PCI Express x1 connector
G Chassis intrusion header
H PCI Express x16 connector
I Back panel connectors
J Processor core power connector (2X2)
K Rear chassis fan connector
L LGA775 processor socket
M Intel 82Q35 GMCH
N Processor fan header
O DIMM Channel A sockets
P DIMM Channel B sockets
Q Serial port header
R Main power connector (2X12)
S Front panel header
T Auxiliary front panel power LED connector
U Intel 82801IDO I/O Controller Hub (ICH9DO)
V BIOS Setup configuration jumper block
W Front chassis fan header
X Serial ATA connectors [5]
Y External Serial ATA (eSATA) connector
Z Front panel USB header
AA Front panel USB header
BB Parallel ATE IDE connector
CC Front panel USB header
DD IEEE-1394a header
DD High definition Audio link header
Board Components Shown in Figure 3.1
Description
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Back Panel Connectors
CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO
Figure 3.2: Back Panel Connectors
Description
A VGA port
B DVI-D port
C IEE-1394a connector
D USB ports (2)
E USB ports (2)
F LAN
G USB ports (2)
H Audio line in Jack [Blue]
I Mic in Jack [Pink]
J Audio line out Jack [Lime green]
3.2: The PCI Express Bus
The PCI Express bus was developed to accelerate communication between the various components of the
motherboard and to accelerate data transfer between add in cards and the system. The PCI Express x1 add
in cards transfer date at the rate of 500 Mb/second, four times faster than the conventional PCI bus. The
video cards that equip this system must be PCI Express x16 type. These cards enable a transfer rate of 8
Gbits/second, two times faster that its predecessor the AGP 8x video card.
3.3: Disk Drives
3.3.1: Floppy Disk drive
CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO is configured without floppy disk drive. An external USB floppy
drive may be ordered.
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3.3.2: Serial ATA Interface
The board provides five Serial ATA (SATA) connectors, which support one device per connector. The
board also provides one red-colored external Serial ATA (eSATA) connector.
3.3.2.1: Serial ATA Support
The ICH9DO I/O controller offers six independent Serial ATA ports with a theoretical maximum transfer
rate of 3 Gbits/sec per port. One device can be installed on each port for a maximum of six Serial ATA
devices. A point-to-point interface is used for host to device connections, unlike Parallel ATA IDE which
supports a master/slave configuration and two devices per channel.
For compatibility, the underlying Serial ATA functionality is transparent to the operating system. The
Serial ATA controller can operate in both legacy and native modes. In legacy mode, standard IDE I/O and
IRQ resources are assigned (IRQ 14 and 15). In Native mode, standard PCI Conventional bus resource
steering is used. Native mode is the preferred mode for configurations using the Windows
Windows Vista
®
operating systems.
®
XP and
NOTE
Many Serial ATA drives use new low-voltage power connectors and require adapters or power supplies
equipped with low-voltage power connectors.
3.3.2.2: Serial ATA RAID
The CIARATECH Discovery/Enterprise JO supports the following RAID (Redundant Array of Independent
Drives) levels:
• RAID 0 - data striping
• RAID 1 - data mirroring
• RAID 0+1 (or RAID 10) - data striping and mirroring
• RAID 5 - distributed parity
3.3.3: Parallel IDE Controller
The Parallel ATA IDE controller has one bus-mastering Parallel ATA IDE interface. The Parallel ATA
IDE interface supports the following modes:
• Programmed I/O (PIO): processor controls data transfer.
• 8237-style DMA: DMA offloads the processor, supporting transfer rates of up to 16 MB/sec.
• Ultra DMA: DMA protocol on IDE bus supporting ho st and target throttling and transfer rates of up to 33
MB/sec.
• ATA-66: DMA protocol on IDE bus supporting host and target throttling and transfer rates of up to 66
MB/sec. ATA-66 protocol is similar to Ultra DMA and is device driver compatible.
• ATA-100: DMA protocol on IDE bus allows host and target throttling. The ATA-100 logic can achieve
read transfer rates up to 100 MB/sec and write transfer rates up to 88 MB/sec.
NOTE
ATA-66 and ATA-100 are faster timings and require a specialized cable to reduce reflections, noise, and
inductive coupling.
The Parallel ATA IDE interface also supports ATAPI devices (such as CD-ROM drives) and ATA devices.
The BIOS supports Logical Block Addressing (LBA) and Extended Cylinder Head Sector (ECHS)
translation modes. The drive reports the transfer rate and translation mode to the BIOS.
3.3.4: CD-ROM Drives
The CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO model may be supplied with an EIDE CD-ROM dr ive. The
CD-ROM drive is a half-height 5-¼ inch wide storage device, cap able of holding about 650 Mbytes of
data. Optionally, your system may be equipped with a DVD-ROM drive, a CD-Writer drive, a combo
DVD/CDRW drive or a DVD writer.
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3.4: Keyboard
Your keyboard has a set of function keys, cursor keys and a numeric keypad. The figure below shows a
typical keyboard. Under the rear of the keyboard are two small legs that can be pulled out or pushed in to
change the keyboard angles.
Figure 3.4: Typical keyboard layout
3.5: Intel GMA3100 Video Set-up
Your CIARATECH Enterprise / Discovery JO Series computer system is delivered with an integrated Intel
GMA3100 video controller for which the chipset parameters have been optimized according to the
monitor you have chosen with your system.
The Intel Q35 Express chipset contains two separate, mutually exclusive graphics options. Either the GMA
3100 graphics controller (contained within the 82Q35 GMCH) is used, or a PCI Express x16 add-in card
can be used. When a PCI Express x16 add-in card is installed, the GMA 3100 graphics controller is
disabled.
The Intel GMA 3100 graphics controller features the following:
• 400 MHz core frequency
• High quality texture engine
- DX9.0c* and OpenGL* 1.4 compliant
- Vertex Shader Model 2.0 / 3.0 (Software Only)
- Hardware Pixel Shader 2.0
• 3D Graphics Rendering enhancements
- 1.6 dual texture GigaPixel/sec fill rate
- 16 and 32 bit color
- Maximum 3D supported resolution of 1600 x 1200 x 32 at 85 Hz
- Vertex cache
• Video
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- Software DVD at 30 fps full screen
- DVMT support up to 287 MB
• Display
- Supports analog displays up to 2048 X 1536 at 75 Hz refresh (QXGA)
- Dual independent display support (DVI-D and VGA)
- DDC2B compliant interface with Advanced Digital Display 2 card or Media Expansion Card
(ADD2/MEC), support for TV-out/TV-in and DVI digital display connections
NOTE
A minimum of 512 MB of system memory is required in order for the Intel GMA 3100 graphics controller
to operate properly.
Digital Video Interface (DVI)
The DVI port supports only digital video output. If a DVI-I display is connected, only the digital signal will
be displayed. The maximum supported resolution is 1600 x 200 at 60 Hz refresh. The DVI port is
compliant with the DVI 1.0 specification and supports High Definition Conten t Protection (HDCP) ver.
1.1.
Depending on the type of add-in card installed in the PCI Express x16 connector, the DVI port will behave
as described in Table 3.
Table 3. DVI Port Status
PCI Express x16 Connector DVI Port Status
No add-in card installed Enabled
Non-video PCI Express x1 add-in card installed Enabled
PCI Express x4, x8, or x16 add-in card installed Disabled
ADD2 or MEC card installed Disabled
If you wish to reinstall or modify the configuration of the system video co ntroller to optimize it to a new
monitor, you will need to use the video utility and driver software provided with your system. Similarly,
if you need to re-install the system software on your system at any time, you will need the video utility
and driver software.
Installing Utility and Driver Software
All drivers and utility software have been installed in your system at the CIARATECH facilities. You will
find them in a folder named “C\BACKUP” on the C: drive of your system. We strongly reco mmend that
you copy the content on CD in case you need to reinstall. For technical assistance in case of accidental data
loss, please contact our service department at 1-877-242-7272 for help in the reinstallation of your drivers.
DPMS Settings
Your system has been configured so that all aspects of video power management are controlled by the
BIOS of your computer system. Therefore it is neither necessary nor desirable to also set up any power
management methods within your operating system.
3.6: Audio Set-up
The CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO is manufactured with an integrated High Definition Audio
Controller based on the Realtek ALC268-GR audio codec. In order to fully configure, or to re-configure,
the audio software in your system, you will need to use the audio utility and driver CD-ROM.
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3.7: I/O Port Set-up
Each CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO computer system includes built-in multi-I/O capabilities. These
provide your computer with one high-speed serial port, one VGA video port, one DVI-D video port, one
Enhanced IDE Parallel ATA disk drive controller with one interface supporting two IDE devices, six Serial
ATA controllers (3 Gbps), including one eSATA, supporting one drive each, twelve Universal Serial Bus
(USB 2.0) ports, audio ports, one Gigabit Ethernet RJ-45 port and two IEEE 1394a ports.
To configure these I/O ports, or to disable them, use the BIOS configuration screens. Please refer to the
paragraphs in section 2.0, “BIOS Configuration and installation” for more information on this subject.
3.8: LAN Subsystem
The LAN subsystem includes:
• Intel ICH9DO
• Intel 82566DM Gigabit (10/100/1000 Mb/s) Ethernet LAN controller with support for:
-Intel AMT
-Alert Standard Format (ASF) 2.0
-Virtual LAN driver support for Intel
• RJ-45 LAN connector with integrated status LEDs
The subsystem also features:
• CSMA/CD protocol engine
• LAN connect interface between ICH9DO and the LAN controller
• PCI bus power management
RJ-45 LAN Connector LEDs
® Virtualization Technology (Intel® VT) partitions
Two LEDs are built into the RJ-45 LAN connector located on the back panel (see Figure 2). These LEDs
indicate the status of the LAN.
Figure 2. LAN Connector LEDs
Table 4 describes the LED states when the board is powered up and the LAN subsystem is operating.
Table 4. LAN Connector LEDs
LED
A Green
B
LED Color
N/A Off 10 Mb/s data rate
Green On 100 Mb/s data rate
Yellow On 1000 Mb/s data rate
LED State Indicates
Off LAN link is not established
On LAN link is established
Blinking LAN activity is occurring
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3.9: Intel
Intel AMT offers IT organizations tamper-resistant and persistent management capabilities. Intel AMT is a
hardware-based solution that uses out of band communication to manage access to client systems in
addition to offering encrypted and persistent asset management and remote diagnostics and/or recovery
capabilities for networked platforms. With Intel AMT, IT organizations can easily get accurate platform
information, and can perform remote updating, diagnostics, debugging and repair of a system, regardless of
the state of the operating system or the power state of the system.
The Intel AMT subsystem consists of:
• ARC4 microcontroller embedded in the Intel Q35 Graphics and Memory Controller Hub (GMCH)
• ICH9DO (Intel
• Intel 82566DM Gigabit (10/100/1000 Mb/s) Ethernet LAN controller
• Channel A DIMM(s)
• BIOS/SPI Flash
• On-board Intel AMT status indicator
NOTE
Software with Intel AMT capability is required to take advantage of the In tel AMT platform management
capabilities.
®
Active Management Technology
® Management Engine function)
3.9.1: Intel® AMT Status Indicator
The Intel AMT status indicator (red LED) shows the current state of the Intel Management Engine. Table
below shows the states of the Intel Management Engine as indicated by the LED. Figure 3.8.1 shows the
location of the Intel AMT status indicator.
Intel AMT Status Indicator
LED State Indicates
Off Intel Management Engine is in the off state
On Intel Management Engine is in the on state and fully functional
Blinking Intel Management Engine is in the M1 state; system is out of band; Intel
Management Engine is functional
Figure 3.9.1 Intel AMT Status Indicator
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3.10: Trusted Platform Module (TPM)
The TPM 1.2 component is specifically designed to enhance platform security above and beyond
the capabilities of today’s software by providing a protected space for key operations and other
security critical tasks. Using both hardware and software, the TPM protects encryption and
signature keys at their most vulnerable stages—operations when the keys are being used
unencrypted in plain-text form. The TPM is specifically designed to shield unencrypted keys and
platform authentication information from software-based attacks.
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4.0: Installing and upgrading your system
4.1: Unpacking Your Computer
Your PC is packed with moulded foam on each end to keep it in place during transit.
Carefully unpack your computer and be sure to save all cartons and foam for future shipping and
transportation.
To repack the PC it may be easier to place the moulded cushioning on the ends of the PC, and then slide
the box over the PC together with the cushioning, rather than lifting the PC.
Figure 4.1: Unpacking the System Unit
4.2: Choosing a Site for the System
All CIARATECH computers operate reliably in a typical office or home environment. Choose a location
that is readily accessible and:
• Is near a grounded, three pronged power outlet
• Is clean and dust free
• Is well-ventilated and lighted and away from sources of heat
• Is isolated from strong electromagnetic fields produced by electrical devices
(such as air conditioners, large fans, large electric motors, radio and TV
transmitters, and amateur radio transmitters).
• Has an appropriate table or desk that will allow you to work without physical
discomfort and strain.
Next, inspect the rear of the CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO system unit, to ensure that the power
supply input voltage range (100 to 240 V AC) corr espond with th e voltage f o r your area. Fo r example, in
Canada and the U.S.A. the voltage is 115 V. In Germany, Italy and the UK, the voltage is 230 V.
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Figure 4.2: Power supply view
A few general precautions should always be observed. These are:
1) Never connect any peripheral such as a monitor, printer, modem, etc. to the
system unit if the power is turned "ON". Always turn the power switch to "OFF"
first.
2) Never remove any internal adapter cards in the system unit if the power is turned
"ON" as this will ruin the Card/Computer and Void the Warranty
3) Never install and connect more peripherals than available power supply plugs to
avoid exceeding the maximum power of the system.
4.3: Connecting I/O Devices
.
Unpack the monitor and all of its connecting cables. Place the monitor on the table as close as possible to
the computer. Connect the monitor signal and monitor power cable.
External USB, audio and IEEE1394a devices may be connected to the appropriate ports whose locations
are as illustrated in Figure 4.3.
USB devices
As keyboard
and mouse
Figure 4.3: Connecting the Peripherals.
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Figure 4.4: Turning "ON" the Power Switch
4.4: Installing Adapter Cards
Should it become necessary to install new batteries, an optional adapter, or such options as an internal
modem, etc. in the System Unit, we recommend consulting section 7 of this Guide.
NOTE: CIARATECH strongly advises that a grounded wrist strap be worn while carrying out the
installation and removal of adapter cards. Please also remember that any damage caused by improper
handling and static electricity will void your Warranty.
CIARATECH strongly recommends that such task be done by one of its authorized
service centre.
4.5: Replacing the System Batteries
In all CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO models the battery is a standard 3.3 V Lithium battery model
CR-2032. This type of battery should last at least 3 years, if the system is not in use. If the system is
continually in use, the battery should last at least 7 years. If the battery wears out, your system will no
longer retain BIOS information when turned off. For example, you will get a message stating that the
time and date is invalid. If this happens, you should replace the battery, or call your CIARATECH service
representative.
CAUTION:
There is a danger of explosion if the battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with the same type as
recommended by CIARATECH. The disposal of used batteries is subject to environment issues and we
recommend that this work be done by a qualified CIARATECH technician who will dispose safely of the
used battery.
To replace the battery, follow these steps:
1. Observe the precautions.
2. Turn off all peripheral devices connected to the computer. Disconnect the computer’s power cord from
the AC power source (wall outlet or power adapter).
3. Remove the computer cover.
4. Locate the battery on the board (see Figure 29).
5. With a medium flat-bladed screwdriver, gently pry the battery free from its connector. Note the
orientation of the “+” and “-” on the battery.
6. Install the new battery in the connector, orienting the “+” and “-” correctly.
7. Replace the computer cover.
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Figure 29. Removing the Battery
4.6: Installing an Upgrade CPU
All CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO models may be enhanced by the installation of a higher
performing CPU. Since this upgrade necessitates a lot of care and attention, it should be carried ou t by a
CIARATECH authorized service centre. Please take a note that the CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO
models use exclusively LGA775 processor technologies and are not compatible to other types of
processors.
4.7: Installing an Upgrade Flash BIOS
You may obtain the latest BIOS revision for you CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO system on
CIARATECH’ web site at
bootable CD or diskette and expand the downloaded file on the CD or diskette.
To install new flash BIOS, boot your system with the diskette containing the new BIOS revision and follow
the on screen instructions. The update will not take effect until after the system has been rebooted.
Before any new BIOS is programmed into the system, be very careful to ensure that the BIOS is intended
for use with your specific system board. If not, you may completely disable your system, and require
CIARATECH service assistance to restore the system to working order.
http://www.ciara-tech.com under “Support” “BIOS”. Once downloaded, create a
4.8: Installing DIMM Memory Modules
Increasing the amount of system memory is the most common "on-site" enhancement that is likely to be
made to your CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO computer. Increasing your computer’s memory
usually involves adding main memory. DDR2 Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (DDR2
SDRAM) is packaged only in 240-pin Dual I n-Line Memory Modules 1.8 V (DIMMs).
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Your CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO uses only DIMM memory modules. Each DIMM module can
have a capacity of 256, 512 MB, 1GB or 2 GB. The minimum capacity is 512 MB and the maximum
capacity is 8 GB. Your system supports only DDR2 667 and 800 MHz memory speeds. Furthermore, the
memory has to be of the SPD type (Serial Presence Detect) to insure optimal operation. Only non-ECC
memory is supported.
NOTE: If you are planning to increase your computer’s memory please contact us to ensure that you
select the memory that meets our specifications, otherwise errors could result.
Memory Bank Configuration
The system is provided with four memory slots spread in two banks of two slots each. Each DIMM slot
accepts a 256MB, 512 MB, 1 GB or 2 GB 240-pin DIMM module. Locking tabs at both ends of a DIMM
slot holds the DIMM in place. Your CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO system can have a variety of
memory configurations. Your CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO system supports dual channel
memory technology that speeds up access to memory. We recommend that you always install memory
DIMMs in pairs, each DIMM being installed in the DIMM 0 slot of each bank, in order to take advantage
of the dual channel technology. If you ignore this recommendation, the system will operate in single
channel mode without taking advantage of the dual channel technology. The DIMM 0 slot of Channel A
is the one closest to the processor socket and it is coloured blue. The following figure illustrates the
optimal possibilities:
Channel A Channel B
TOTAL MEMORY DIMM 0 DIMM 1 DIMM 0 DIMM 1
Dual Channel with Dynamic mode
512 MB 256 MB 256 MB
1 GB 256 MB 256 MB 256 MB 256 MB
2 GB 512 MB 512 MB 512 MB 512 MB
4 GB 1 GB 1 GB 1 GB 1 GB
8 GB 2 GB 2 GB 2 GB 2 GB
Dual Channel without Dynamic mode
1.5 GB 512 MB 256 MB 512 MB 256 MB
2.5 GB 1 GB 256 MB 1 GB 256 MB
3 GB 1 GB 512 MB 1 GB 512 MB
5 GB 2 GB 512 MB 2 GB 512 MB
6 GB 2 GB 1 GB 2 GB 1 GB
Figure 4.5: CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO Main Memory Expansion Options
Minimum memory configuration for the system is 512 MB. The maximum memory configuration
is 8 GB.
Installing DIMM Modules
Install a DIMM module into a memory socket on the system main board, as follows:
1. First, make sure the power is turned Off and the power cord is unplugged.
Then remove the case cover.
2. Align the module so that the pin 1 marking on the module corresponds to the
DIMM socket pin 1 marking. The module can only fit in the socket in one way;
you cannot insert the DIMM incorrectly.
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3. Slide the module into the socket at a 90-degree angle to the main board. (See
figure 4.6)
4. After inserting the DIMM module completely into the socket, push up on the
socket latches securing the DIMM into place.
NOTE: To release the memory module, push both latches down and carefully rock the module away
from the main board. You should then be able to pull the module up and out of the socket.
Figure 4.6: Installing DIMM Memory Modules
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4.9: System Maintenance
Read and follow carefully all the instructions and warnings in this manual and on these products!
Only use a damp cloth to clean your system unit and monitor case. Do not use
detergents!
Position your system unit, monitor and cables/wires away from direct sunlight,
moisture, dust, oil, and thoroughfares.
Ensure that all ventilation outlets are always free from obstruction.
In the event of mechanical/power failure or damage, do not attempt to repair
the system unit, monitors, cables /wires. Refer all such problems to
experienced service personnel.
Ensure that the back of the system unit is at least 6" away from anything that
might obstruct the ventilation outlets and cause overheating.
Ensure that the power source is grounded correctly. This product is equipped
with a 3-wire grounding-type plug. This plug will only fit into a grounded
power outlet.
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5.0: Using the CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO
5.1: Introduction
The CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO is a powerful personal computer that has the ability to run a
variety of operating systems. Unless you have specified something different, your system comes
configured with a Windows operating system pre-loaded onto the hard drive. Each operating system
comes with its own user manuals, and you should refer to these for information specific to your system.
5.2: A Caution about Viruses
Due to the prevalence of computer viruses, we strongly recommend that you take precautions to protect
your computer from them. Purchase and use a reputable virus-checking program. Ensure that the program
is kept up to date by registering the program, and installing updates as they are provided. Please be
aware, however, tha t even th e best viru s checki ng programs cannot b e regarded as the perfect solution. It
is possible for even the best program to fail, particularly if it is not upgraded. Please speak to your
CIARATECH account representative for more information.
5.3: Windows
Windows is a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that provides a screen composed of icons. You select or
“click” on the icons to run programs. As noted above, Windows has been installed on your computer. For
further information about using Windows, please consult the appropriate Microsoft software manual
provided with your CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO.
5.4: Windows 2000 Server, Windows 2003 Server & Novell
NetWare
Windows 2000 Server, Windows 2003 Server and Nov ell NetWare are operating systems that provide
sophisticated networking capabilities to Windows and OS/2 based computers. The addition of a Network
Interface Card (NIC) in the computer allows the user to connect the CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery
JO to a network server computer running 2000 Server, 2003 Server or NetWare.
Microsoft and Novell provide workstations on the network with access to files and applications stored on
the file server (a dedicated computer running the 2000 Server, 2003 Server or NetWare operating
systems), as well as access to shared printers on the network. Sophisticated tools are built into the 2000
Server, 2003 Server and NetWare operating systems to manage the network, and to restrict access to
resources on the file server.
For further information about Windows 2000 Server, 2003 Serv er or Novell NetWare, please consult the
manuals provided with the network operating system (NOS), or speak to your service representative.
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6.0: Documenting your computer
CIARATECH recommends that you record the information about your computer and keep a copy of this
in a safe but readily accessible location.
Please keep your equipment log up to date and includ e a copy of it whenever your equipment is returned
to CIARATECH for servicing.
The equipment log is also helpful if your CIARATECH computer is lost, stolen, or damaged. It can serve
as your record of when the equipment was placed in service, and the dates of all equipment upgrades and
configuration changes.
Record the model and serial numbers of the system components, dates of component removal and/or
replacement. Be sure to include the same information for any components added to the system, such as
fixed disk and floppy disk drives, add-in boards, or printers. Record the model and serial numbers of the
CIARATECH System. The model and serial numbers of the System Unit are recorded on the label attached
to the rear cover.
The location of serial numbers on add-in boards, fixed and floppy disk drives, and external equipment,
such as video displays or printers, varies from one manufacturer to another, but should be easily
recognizable.
6.1: Base System Details
Component Purchase
Date
System Unit
Mainboard
Memory
Processor
Video Card
Sound Card
LAN Card
Hard Drive
CD-ROM Drive
DVD-ROM Drive
CD/DVD-Writer
Mouse
Keyboard
Monitor
6.2: Hardware Configuration
Device IRQ DMA I/O Port
COM1
Primary IDE
Secondary IDE
Mouse
LAN Card
Sound Card
Video Card
USB
Model Serial Number
Shared Memory
Addresses
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7.0: Quick installation guide
7.1: Mid-Tower Chassis Characteristics
Mid-Tower Specifications
Motherboard Type: Micro ATX ( 9.6"x 9.6")
Drive Bay Space: Ext. 4 x 5.25", Ext. 2 x 3.5", Int. 4 x 3.5"
Power Source: 350 W (80 PLUS®)
Peripheral Space: 2 PCI Express x1 slots, 1 conventional PCI slot
and one video PCI Express x16 slot
Dimensions : 410(H) x 190(W) x 450(D)
Casing fan : 1 x 120 mm
Security: Kensington loop and intrusion detector
Sheet Metal Thickness (mm): 0.6 mm
Front Rear Open side
Kensington loop Keylock Internal bays
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.
7.2: Small Form Factor Chassis Characteristics
Small Form Factor Specifications
Type of Motherboard Micro ATX ( 9.6"x 9.6")
Drive bay space Ext. 1 x 5.25", Ext. 1 x 3.5", Int. 1 x 3.5"
Power supply 300 W (80 PL US®)
Peripheral space 2 PCI Express x1 slots, 1 conventional PCI slot
and one video PCI Express x16 slot
Dimensions (mm, without front bezel) 99 mm (H) x 367 mm (W) x 350 mm (D)
Casing fan : 1 x 80 mm
Security Keylock, safety loop and intrusion detector
Metal thickness 0.7 mm
Front Rear Internal
Security loop Front casing fan Intrusion detector
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7.3 : Opening and accessing the chassis
Note: Illustrations may be different from your model.
The front of the chassis, access to the front 5.25 and 3.5 bays, front panel USB and audio connectors and
power on button.
This picture shows the back of the casing, the back panel connectors for peripheral installation, the back
plate area for which connectors related to the motherboard (once installed) will be accessed, and the
power supply area.
To open the side panel, unlock the key lock, push the plastic lock forward and pull out the side panel.
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7.3 : Opening and accessing the chassis (followed)
The side panel or cover is then removed from the chassis allowing for modular installation and
chassis preparations.
To remove the case front, pull it out from the chassis. This is required for the installation of optical
and/or floppy drives.
Inside and front view of the casing once its cover removed.
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7.4: Preparing the chassis for installation
The hard drive cage and external bays are side opened and the installation of the drives is made
without tool.
Front panel cables are passed through a provided cable channel that is factory installed on the
chassis.
The inside of the chassis typically where the motherboard is installed.
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7.4: Preparing the chassis for installation (followed)
A motherboard specific back plate area at the back end of the chassis is a required installation.
The chassis back plate once installed.
The chassis fan also comes factory installed on the chassis for which also requires the determination
of how much cabling is required and where the power connector for the chassis fan is located on the
motherboard.
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7.5: Insertion of the processor
ATTENTION: Components such as the processor may be permanently damaged by shocks arising
from static electricity. It is hence important to wear an antistatic bracelet during the installation
process.
Open the socket lever by pushing the lever down
and away from the socket, lift the load plate. Do
not touch the socket contacts. Remove the plastic
protective socket cover from the load plate.
Remove the processor from the protective
processor cover.
Once correctly installed, press down on the load plate, close and engage the socket lever
Hold the processor only at the edges, being
careful not to touch the bottom of the processor.
The processor is to be placed onto the
motherboard in its designated space while taking
note of its specific processor pin orientation.
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7.5: Insertion of the processor (followed)
The processor fan and heat sink module requires
installation thereafter. First insert the plate under
the motherboard.
The processor fan and heat sink module is fastened
to its housing on the motherboard with four
screws.
The processor fan and heat sink module is inserted
onto the housing module made available for this
that comes factory installed.
Once installed the fanned processor area will look
like this.
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7.6: Installation of the memory modules
ATTENTION: Components such as memory may be permanently damaged by shocks arising from static
electricity. It is hence important to wear an antistatic bracelet during the installation process.
Memory modules, DDR2 1 GB PC2 5300
667 MHz Non ECC, quantity of two in this case.
The installing of the second memory module in
bank number 0 of Channel B of the motherboard.
Please report yourself to Section 4.5 for the various memory configurations available.
The installing of one memory module in bank
number 0 of Channel A of the motherboard in
question.
Memory module area of the motherboard with
dual memory installed in both channels of the
motherboard.
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7.7: Installation of an expansion card
Tool-less latch of the chassis for the installation
of PCI add-on cards.
Opening the tool-less latch of the chassis for the
installation of PCI peripherals onto the chassis.
Remove chassis door in relation with the
installation of the add-on card.
Insert and secure the PCI add-on card into its slot
on the motherboard.
Here, the card is screwed on. If you want a tool
less installation, the screws are replaced by thumb
screws.
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7.8: Insertion of the motherboard
With the I/O connectors first the motherboard is
then inserted into the chassis in line with the screw
holes and the positioning rod of the casing.
The motherboard is securely inserted into the
chassis and aligned with chassis feet for fastening.
Rear view. The connectors are aligned with the back
plate.
The motherboard is then screwed onto the chassis.
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7.9: Installation of the optical drive module
The optical drive gets inserted into the chassis from the front end of the chassis.
Once the drive in place, push the lever downward
to fasten the drive.
Here, the drive is screwed on. If you want a tool
less installation, the screws are replaced by thumb
screws.
If a tool-less installation method is required then
the module will be inserted and snapped into the
chassis without being screwed on.
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7.10: Installation of the hard drive
The inside of the chassis contains an area designated for hard drive installation and more specifically a
hard drive cage.
Slide hard drive into the hard drive cage.
Fasten the drive with tool less mechanism.
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7.10:
Installation of the hard drive (followed)
Connect the drive to SATA controller with appropriate cable.
Connect the drives to power supply.
The external SATA port is connected to the red connector on the motherboard.
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7.11: Connecting the keyboard
The depicted keyboard, a standard TBITS
keyboard, which requires its removal from its
protective packaging.
7.12: Connecting the LCD Monitor
The LCD monitor in this case, removed from its
protective packaging. The LCD comes included
with its video cable and LCD base.
Connecting keyboard in one of the USB ports.
The LCD video cable requires insertion into its
specific video connector on the I/O back plate area
at the back of the chassis.
VGA port
DVI port
The connecting of the video cable is as follows. Screw pegs are made available on the end of the video
cable and should be fastened securely.
VGA port
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7.13: Precautions against static electricity
ATTENTION: Components such as processors and memory may be permanently damaged by shocks
arising from static electricity. It is hence important to wear an antistatic bracelet during the installation
process. Here are a few examples of protective wear.
Typical ankle and wrist strap for anti-static use.
Putting on the wrist strap.
Putting on the anklet.
The wrist strap once on requires a connection to
an electrical ground.
The wrist strap and its connection to a ground,
pictured here.
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8.0: Troubleshooting your system
8.1: BIOS Errors and Messages
When the power to the CIARATECH Enterprise/Discovery JO is first turned on, the Intel BIOS performs various
diagnostic tests. If an error occurs during these tests, then an error message will be displayed on the screen, or if the
error occurs before the display has been initialized, then the system will report the error with several beeps on the
speaker. The number of beeps and their duration characterizes the error.
Errors will either be FATAL, i.e.: the system will halt after reporting the error, or NON FATAL, i.e.: the system
may be able to boot after reporting the error, although it may not operate reliably or consistently. Please contact your
service representative if you have any questions.
8.2: Beep Codes
The following table shows the meaning of the number of beeps.
Beep Description
Three long beeps (1280Hz) Memory error
Four alternating beeps (2000 and 1600 Hz) Thermal warning
Siren Processor overheat (on reboot)
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8.3: Helpful hints
If you encounter some minor problems with the computer, monitor, or software, see the following list of general
suggestions before taking further action:
9 Check that the computer and monitor are plugged into a working electrical outlet.
9 Check if the voltage select switch is set to the app ropriate voltage for your region (115V or 230V) Please
consult section 4.2 of this guide for more information.
9 Check to see that the computer is turned on and the green power light is on.
9 Check to see that the monitor is turned on and the green monitor light is on.
9 Turn up the brightness and contrast controls of the monitor if the monitor is dim.
9 Press and hold any key. If the system beeps, then the keyboard should be operating correctly.
9 Check all cable connections for loose connections or incorrect connections.
9 Wake the computer by pressing any key on the keyboard or pressing the power button. If the system
remains in suspend mode, shut down the computer by pressing and holding the power button for at least
four seconds then press the power button again to restart the computer. If the system will not shut down,
unplug the power cord, wait a few seconds, then plug it in again. The computer will restart if automatic
start on power loss is set in the BIOS. If it does not restart, press the power button to start the computer
9 Be sure that all the needed device drivers have been installed. For example, if you are using a printer, you
need a driver for that model printer.
9 Remove all d iskettes from the system before turning it on.
9 If you have installed an operating system other than the factory-installed operating system, check to be sure
that it is supported on the system.
9 If the system has multiple video sou rces (embedded and PCI Express x16 adapters) and a single monitor,
the monitor must be plugged into the active monitor connector on the source selected as the primary VGA
adapter. Adding a PCI Express x16 adapter automatically deactivates the embedded video controller as well
as the corresponding VGA port. If this is the case of your system, connect the monitor on the VGA port of
the PCI Express x16 adapter.
CAUTION: When the computer is plugged into an AC power source, there is always voltage applied to the
system board. You must disconnect the power cord from the power source before opening the computer to
prevent system board or component damage.
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8.4: Solving General Problems
You should be able to easily resolve the general problems described in this section. If a problem persists and you are
unable to resolve it yourself or if you feel uncomfortable about performing the operation, contact CIARATECH at
1-877-242-7272 and ask for the Customer Service department.
Problem Cause Solution
Computer appears locked up and
will not turn off when the power
button is pressed
Computer will not respond to
USB keyboard or mouse.
CAUTION: When attempting to resume from Last State mode, do not hold down the power button for more
than four seconds. Otherwise, the computer will shut down and you will lose your data.
Computer date and time display
is incorrect.
Cursor will not move using the
arrow keys on the keypad.
Poor performance is experienced Processor is hot. 1. Make sure the airflow to the computer
Hard drive is full. Transfer data from the hard drive to
Software control of the power
switch is not functional.
Computer is in Last State mode. Press the power button to resume from
RTC (real-time clock) battery
may need to be replaced.
► Connecting the computer to a
live AC outlet prolongs the life
of the RTC battery.
The Num Lock key may be on. Press the Num Lock key. The Num Lock
Solving General Problems
Press and hold the power button for at
least four seconds until the computer
turns off.
Last State mode.
. First, reset the date and time under
Control Panel (Computer Setup can also
be used to update the RTC date and time).
If the problem persists, replace the RTC
battery. See Figure 3.1 and Section 4.5 of
this guide for more information.
light should not be on if you want to use
the arrow keys.
is not blocked.
2. Make sure the fans are connected and
working properly (some fans only
operate when needed)
Make sure the processor heatsink is
installed properly.
create more space on the hard drive.
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8.5: Solving Power Supply Problems
Solving Power Supply Problems
Problem Cause Solution
Power supply shuts down
intermittently.
Computer powered off
automatically and the Power LED
flashes Red two times, once every
second, followed by a two second
pause.
Power LED flashes Red, once
every two seconds.
OR
Power LED flashes Red four
times, once every second,
followed by a two second pause
Power supply will not turn on
because of internal power
supply fault.
Processor thermal protection
activated: A fan may be blocked
or not turning.
OR
The heatsink/fan assembly is
not properly attached to the
processor.
Power failure (power supply is
overloaded)
Contact CIARATECH for the replacement
of the power supply.
1. Ensure that the computer air vents are
not blocked and the processor-cooling
fan is running.
2. Open hood, press the power button,
and see if the processor fan spins. If
the processor fan is not spinning,
make sure the fan's cable is plugged
onto the system board header. Ensure
the fan is fully/properly seated or
installed.
3. If fan is plugged in and seated
properly, but is not spinning, then
replace the processor fan. (See article
7.3 of this Guide)
4. Reseat processor heatsink and verify
that the fan assembly is properly
attached.
1. Check that the voltage. Proper voltage
setting depends on your region. (See
Figure 4.2)
2. Open the hood (See article 7.2) and
ensure the 4-wire power supply cable is
seated into the connector on the system
board
3. Check if a device is causing the
problem by removing ALL attached
devices (such as hard, diskette, or
optical drives, and expansion cards).
Power on the system. If the system
enters the POST, then power off and
replace one device at a time and repeat
this procedure until failure occurs.
Replace the device that is causing the
failure. Continue adding devices one at
a time to ensure all devices are
functioning properly.
4. If the problem persists, contact
CIARATECH since the problem may
necessitate the replacement of the
power supply or the motherboard.
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Solving Power Supply Problems (continued)
Problem Cause Solution
System does not power on and
LEDs are not flashing.
The system is unable to power
on.
Press and hold the power button for less
than 4 seconds. If the hard drive LED
turns green then check if the voltage
selector, located on the rear of the power
supply, is set to the appropriate voltage.
Proper voltage setting depends on your
region.
OR
Press and hold the power button for less
than 4 seconds. If the hard drive LED
does not turn on green then:
1.Check that the unit is plugged into a
working AC outlet.
2.Open hood and check that the power
button harness is properly connected to
the system board.
3.Check that both power supply cables
are properly connected to the system
board.
4.Ensure the 4-wire power supply cable is
seated into the connector on the system
board.
5. If the problem persists, contact
CIARATECH since the problem may
necessitate the replacement of the power
supply or the motherboard.
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8.6: Solving Diskette Problems
Solving Diskette Problems
Problem Cause Solution
Diskette drive light stays on. Diskette is damaged. In Microsoft Windows 2000 and
Microsoft Windows XP, right-click
Start, click Explore, and select a drive.
Select File > Properties > Tools. Under
Error-checking, click Check Now.
Diskette is incorrectly inserted. Remove diskette and reinsert.
Drive button is not pushed in. Push in drive button.
Files on diskette are damaged. Check the program diskettes.
Drive cable is not properly
connected.
Drive not found. Cable is loose. Reseat diskette drive USB and power
Removable drive is not seated
properly.
Diskette drive cannot write to a
diskette.
Diskette is write-protected. Use another diskette or remove the
Writing to the wrong drive. Check the drive letter in the path
Not enough space is left on the
Diskette is damaged. Replace the damaged disk.
Cannot format diskette. Invalid
media reported.
Diskette drive cannot read a
diskette.
You are using the wrong diskette
You are reading the wrong drive. Check the drive letter in the path
Diskette is damaged. Replace the diskette with a new one.
“Invalid system disk” message is
displayed.
Diskette error has occurred. Restart the computer by pressing the
Non-system disk message. The system is trying to start from
Cannot Boot to Diskette. Diskette is not bootable. Replace with a bootable diskette.
Diskette is not formatted. Format the diskette.
diskette.
The directory structure is bad, or
there is a problem with a file.
Diskette is not formatted. Format the diskette.
type for the drive type.
A diskette that does not contain
the system files needed to start the
computer has been inserted in the
drive.
a non-bootable diskette.
Reconnect drive cable.
cable.
Reseat the drive.
write protection.
statement. The default letter for the
diskette drive is “A”
Use another diskette.
In Windows 2000 and Windows XP,
right-click Start, click Explore, and
select a drive. Select File > Properties
> Tools. Under Error-checking, click
Check Now.
1. From Windows Explorer select the
disk (A) drive.
2. Right-click the drive letter and select
Format.
3. Select the desired options, and click
Start to begin formatting the disket t e .
Check the type of drive that you are
using and use the correct diskette type.
statement. . The default letter for the
diskette drive is “A”
When drive activity stops, remove the
diskette and press the Spacebar. The
computer should start up.
power button.
Remove the diskette from the drive. The
computer should start up.
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8.7: Solving Hard Drive Problems
Solving Hard Drive Problems
Problem Cause Solution
Hard drive error occurs. Hard disk has bad sectors or has
failed.
Disk transaction problem. Either the directory structure is
bad or there is a problem with a
file.
Drive not found. Cable could be loose. Check cable connections.
Drive jumper settings may be
incorrect.
Non-system disk message. The system is trying to start from
a diskette that is not bootable.
System files missing or not
properly installed.
Second Ultra ATA hard drive
does not perform optimally .
Both slow and fast UATA devices
Computer seems to be locked up. Program in use has stopped
You are using the wrong cable for
the drive type.
are on the same data cable.
responding to commands.
Use a utility to locate and block usage
of bad sectors. If necessary, reformat
the hard disk.
In Windows 2000 and Windows XP,
right-click Start, click Explore, and
select a drive. Select File > Properties
> Tools. Under Error-checking, click
Check Now.
If the drive is a secondary drive that has
just been installed on the same cable as
the primary drive, verify that the
jumpers for both drives are set correctly.
Remove the diskette from the diskette
drive. The computer should start up.
Insert a bootable system diskette and
restart. Verify if hard drive is
partitioned and formatted. Install system
files for the appropriate operating
system if necessary.
Reinstall the second Ultra ATA hard
drive using an 80-conductor cable.
Change slow UATA devices to a
separate data cable connected to the
secondary IDE (ATA) controller on the
system board.
Attempt the normal Windows “Shut
Down” procedure. If this fails, press the
power button for four or more seconds
to turn off the power. To restart the
computer, press the power button again.
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8.8: Solving Display Problems
Solving Display Problems
Problem Cause Solution
Blank screen (no video). Monitor is not turned on and the
monitor light is not on.
The cable connections are not
correct.
You may have a screen blanking
utility installed or energy saver
features are enabled.
You are using a fixed-sync
monitor and it will not sync at the
resolution chosen.
Monitor cable is plugged into the
wrong connector.
Computer is in Last State mode. Press the power button to resume from
CAUTION: When attempting to resume from Last State mode, do not hold down the power button for more than
four seconds. Otherwise, the computer will shut down and you will lose your data.
Power LED flashes Red six times,
once every second, followed by a
two second pause, and the
computer beeps six times.
Monitor does not function
properly when used with energy
saver features.
Dim characters. The brightness and contrast
Cables are not properly
Pre-video graphics error. For systems with a graphics card:
Monitor without energy saver
capabilities is being used with
energy saver features enabled.
controls are not set properly.
connected.
Turn on the monitor and check that the
monitor light is on.
Check the cable connection from the
monitor to the computer and to the
electrical outlet.
Press any key or click the mouse button
and, if set, type your password.
Be sure that the monitor can accept the
same horizontal scan rate as the
resolution chosen.
If the computer system has both an
integrated graphics connector (standard
on your model) and a PCI Express x16
card connector, plug the monitor cable
into the PCI Express x16 card connector
in the expansion card area on the back
of the computer.
Last State mode.
1. Reseat the graphics card. Power on
the system.
2. If the problem persists, contact
CIARATECH since the problem may
necessitate the replacement of the
graphics card or the motherboard.
Disable monitor energy saver feature.
Adjust the monitor brightness and
contrast controls.
Check that the graphics cable is
securely connected to the graphics card
and the monitor.
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Solving Display Problems (continued)
Problem Cause Solution
Blurry video or requested
resolution cannot be set.
If the graphics controller was
upgraded, the correct graphics
Install the video drivers included in the
upgrade kit.
drivers may not be loaded.
Monitor is not capable of
Change requested resolution.
displaying requested resolution.
The picture is broken up, or it
rolls, jitters, or flashes.
The monitor connections may be
incomplete or the monitor may
be incorrectly adjusted.
1. Be sure the monitor cable is securely
connected to the computer.
2. In a two-monitor system or if another
monitor is in close proximity, be sure the
monitors are not interfering with each
other’s electromagnetic field by moving
them apart.
3. Fluorescent lights or fans may be too
close to the monitor.
Monitor needs to be degaussed. Degauss the monitor. Refer to the
documentation that came with the
monitor for instructions.
Vibrating or rattling noise
coming from inside a CRT
monitor when powered on.
Clicking noise coming from
inside a CRT monitor.
Monitor degaussing coil has
been activated.
Electronic relays have been
activated inside the monitor.
None. It is normal for the degaussing coil
to be activated when the monitor is
powered on.
None. It is normal for some monitors to
make a clicking noise when turned on and
off, when going in and out of standby
mode, and when changing resolutions.
High-pitched noise coming from
inside a flat panel monitor.
Brightness and/or contrast
settings are too high.
Lower brightness and/or contrast settings.
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8.9: Solving Audio Problems
Solving Audio Problems
Problem Cause Solution
Sound does not come out of the
speaker or headphones.
The external speakers are not
External speakers plugged into the
Audio cable not connected. Connect audio cable between optical
Computer is in Last State mode. Press the power button to resume from
CAUTION: When attempting to resume from Last State mode, do not hold down the power button for more than
four seconds. Otherwise, the computer will shut down and you will lose your data.
Sound cuts in and out. Processor resources are being
Computer appears to be locked up
while recording audio.
Software volume control is turned
down.
turned on.
wrong audio jack.
used by other open applications.
The hard disk may be full. Before recording, make sure there is
Double-click the Speaker icon on the
taskbar, then make sure that Mute is not
selected and use the volume slider to
adjust the volume.
Turn on the external speakers.
Only one of the three audio ports is
reserved for speakers. See Figures 3.2
and 4.3 of the present guide for more
connection information.
drive and the system board.
Last State mode.
Shut down all open processor-intensive
applications.
enough free space on the hard disk. You
can also try recording the audio file in a
compressed format.
8.10: Solving Printer Problems
Solving Printer Problems
Problem Cause Solution
Printer will not print. Printer is not turned on and
online.
The correct printer drivers for the
application are not installed.
If you are on a network, you may
not have made the connection to
the printer.
Printer may have failed. Run printer self-test.
Printer will not turn on. The cables may not be connected
properly.
Printer prints garbled information. The correct printer driver for the
application is not installed.
The cables may not be connected
properly.
Printer memory may be
overloaded.
Printer is offline. The printer may be out of paper. Check the paper tray and refill it if it is
Turn the printer on and make sure it is
online.
Install the correct printer driver for the
application.
Make the proper network connections to
the printer.
Reconnect all cables and check the
power cord and electrical outlet.
Install the correct printer driver for the
application.
Reconnect all cables.
Reset the printer by turning it off for
one minute and then turn it back on.
empty. Select online.
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8.11: Solving Keyboard and Mouse Problems
Solving Keyboard Problems
Problem Cause Solution
The computer does not recognize
keyboard commands and typing.
Program in use has stopped
Keyboard needs repairs. Contact CIARATECH so that we may
Computer is in Last State mode. Press the power button to resume from
CAUTION: When attempting to resume from Last State mode, do not hold down the power button for more than
four seconds. Otherwise, the computer will shut down and you will lose your data.
Cursor will not move using the
arrow keys on the keypad.
Problem Cause Solution
Mouse does not respond to
movement or is too slow.
Program in use has stopped
Mouse needs repairs. Contact CIARATECH so that we may
Computer is in Last State mode. Press the power button to resume from
CAUTION: When attempting to resume from Last State mode, do not hold down the power button for more than
four seconds. Otherwise, the computer will shut down and you will lose your data.
Mouse will only move vertically,
horizontally, or movement is
jerky.
Keyboard connector is not
properly connected.
responding to commands.
The Num Lock key may be on. Press the Num Lock key. The Num
Solving Mouse Problems
Mouse connector is not properly
plugged into the back of the
computer.
responding to commands.
Mouse roller ball is dirty. Remove roller ball cover from the
1. On the Windows Desktop, click
Start.
2. Click Shut Down. The Shut Down
Windows dialog box is displayed.
3. Select Shut down.
4. After the shutdown is complete,
reconnect the keyboard to the back of
the computer and restart the computer.
Shut down your computer using the
mouse and then restart the computer.
proceed to repairs.
Last State mode.
Lock light should not be on if you want
to use the arrow keys.
Shut down the computer. After the
shutdown is complete, plug the mouse
connector into the back of the computer
and restart the computer.
Shut down the computer using the
keyboard and then restart the computer
proceed to repairs.
Last State mode.
bottom of the mouse and clean it with a
mouse cleaning kit available from most
computer stores.
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8.12: Solving Hardware Installation Problems
Solving Hardware Installation Problems
Problem Cause Solution
A new device is not recognized as
part of the system.
Cable(s) of new external device
Power switch of new external
When the system advised you of
Computer will not start. Wrong memory modules were
Power LED flashes Red five
times, once every second,
followed by a two second pause,
and the computer beeps five
times.
Power LED flashes Red six times,
once every second, followed by a
two second pause, and the
computer beeps six times.
Device is not seated or connected
properly.
are loose or power cables are
unplugged.
device is not turned on.
changes to the configuration, you
did not accept them.
used in the upgrade or memory
modules were installed in the
wrong location.
Memory is installed incorrectly or
is bad.
Video card is not seated properly
or is bad, or system board is bad.
Ensure that the device is properly and
securely connected and that pins in the
connector are not bent down.
Ensure that all cables are properly and
securely connected and that pins in the
cable or connector are not bent down.
Turn off the computer, turn on the
external device and then turn on the
computer to integrate the device with
the computer system.
Reboot the computer and follow the
instructions for accepting the changes.
1. See Sections 4.8 and 7.3 of the
present Guide to verify if you have
installed memory modules
compatible to your system and if
they were installed correctly.
2. If the problem persists, Contact
CIARATECH.
1. Reseat DIMMs. Power on the system.
2. Replace DIMMs one at a time to
isolate the faulty module.
3. If a faulty module is found, Contact
CIARATECH for the replacement of the
module.
4. If the problem persists, Contact
CIARATECH for this may necessitate
the replacement of the motherboard.
For systems with a graphics card:
1. Reseat the graphics card. Power on
the system.
2. If the problem persists, Contact
CIARATECH for this may necessitate
the replacement of the video card or the
motherboard.
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8.13: Solving Memory Problems
Solving Memory Problems
Problem Cause Solution
System will not boot or does not
function properly after installing
additional memory modules.
Out of memory error. You have run out of memory to
Memory count during POST is
wrong.
Insufficient memory error during
operation.
You have run out of memory for
Power LED flashes Red five
times, once every second,
followed by a two second pause,
and the computer beeps three
times.
Memory module is not the correct
type or speed grade for the system
or the new memory module is not
seated properly.
run the application.
The memory modules may not be
installed correctly.
Too many programs are being
used.
the application.
Memory is installed incorrectly or
is bad.
Replace memory module with a module
approved for your system. See Sections
4.8 and 7.3 of the present Guide to
verify if you have installed memory
modules compatible to your system and
if they were installed correctly.
Check the application documentation to
determine the memory requirements.
Check that the memory modules have
been installed correctly and that proper
modules are used.
Close any programs that you do not
need.
Check the memory requirements for the
application or add more memory to the
computer.
1. Reseat DIMMs. Power on the system.
2. Replace DIMMs one at a time to
isolate the faulty module.
3. If a faulty module is found, Contact
CIARATECH for the replacement of the
module.
4. If the problem persists, Contact
CIARATECH for this may necessitate
the replacement of the motherboard.
8.14: Solving Processor
Problem Cause Solution
Poor performance is experienced. Processor is hot. 1. Make sure the airflow to the
Power LED is Red and stays on
OR
Power LED flashes Red three
times, once every second,
followed by a two second pause.
Problems
Solving Processor Problems
Processor is not seated properly or
not installed.
computer is not blocked.
2.Make sure the fans are connected and
working properly (some fans only
operate when needed)
3. Make sure the processor heatsink is
installed properly.
1. Check to see that the processor is
present.
2. Reseat the processor. See section 7.3
of the present Guide for more
information.
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8.15: Solving Optical Drive
In this User Guide, an optical drive is defined as a CD-ROM or a DVD-ROM or a CDRW or a DVD-R/RW.
Problem Cause Solution
System will not boot from an
optical drive.
Optical drive is not detected by
the system.
Movie will not play in the DVD
drive.
Cannot eject compact disc from
tray.
The optical drive cannot read a
disc or takes too long to start.
The DVD-ROM drive takes
CD or DVD disc is dirty. Clean CD or DVD with a CD cleaning
Recording audio CDs is difficult
or impossible.
Problems
Solving Processor Problems
Non-bootable CD in drive. Try a bootable CD in the drive.
Drive is not connected properly or
not properly configured.
Decoder software is not installed. Install decoder software.
Disc not properly seated in the
drive.
CD has been inserted upside
down.
longer to start because it has to
determine the type of media
played, such as audio or video.
Wrong or poor quality media
type.
Verify if the drive is correctly seated in
the chassis. Verify if all cables have
been correctly connected.
Note: All CIARATECH systems
equipped with a DVD drive at plant
assembly include the necessary Decoder
software.
Turn off the computer and insert a thin
metal rod into the emergency eject hole
and push firmly. Slowly pull the tray out
from the drive until the tray is fully
extended, then remove the disc.
Re-insert the CD with the label facing
up.
Wait at least 30 seconds to let the DVDROM drive determine the type of media
being played such as audio or video.
kit, available from most computer
stores.
1. Try using a slower speed when
recording.
2. Verify that you are using the correct
media for the drive.
3. Try a different brand of media.
Quality varies widely between
manufacturers.
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GLOSSARY
Adapter card -- A printed circuit board that gives you r computer so me added cap ability, such as more memory, or
control of a new device. A card plugs into an expansion slot on the system board.
Analog monitor -- A type of video display that uses a continuously variable analog voltage to display a large number
of colours at resolutions up to 1024 x 768 and beyond. The voltage levels on the red, green and blue lines on the VGA
connector determine colours.
Auto switching -- The ability of a video display to detect the video display mode for a given application program and
automatically switch to that mode.
BIOS -- Basic Input Output System. Programs permanently stored in the system board's ROM chips that provide the
fundamental processes or functions of the system, such as the Power On Self Test (POST). The VGA circuitry has its
own video BIOS. See also ROM.
Bus -- A set of address or data lines used to transfer information betwee n di fferent components within a computer
(such as memory, the microprocessor, and slots).
Cache -- A device that contains high-speed memory and permits higher speed accesses than general-purpose memory.
Cache hit rate -- The percentage of time data is delivered from the cache rather than from main memory.
Central processing unit (CPU) -- An integrated circuit chip that performs the actual computing functions of the
computer. Other chips perform support functions like storing data and controlling peripherals. See also
microprocessor.
Chip -- An electronic device that combines thousands of transistors on a small sliver of silicon. See also integrated
circuit.
Chip set -- The logic devices on the motherboard that connects the microprocessor and other board functions.
Clock -- A circuit that sends a consistent, periodic signal that is used to step logic information through a computer
circuit.
CMOS RAM -- Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor. CMOS RAM stores basic configuration information
about your computer.
Colour display -- A video display capable of displaying colours based on the RGB (Red, Green, and Blue) colourmixing scheme.
Configuration -- The way in which a computer and peripheral equipment (such as printers and display monitors) are
interconnected and programmed to operate as a system.
Default -- The initial setting when the board left the factory.
Digital monitor -- A type of monitor in which display colour is controlled by digital colour control lines that switch
on and off; the number of colours that can be displayed depends on the selected display mode.
DIMM -- Dual In-Line Memory Module. RAM chips installed on a small circuit board module, having a single row
of connectors (184 pins) on the bottom of the module where it is plugged into the main system board.
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DMA (Direct Memory Address) -- A method for transferring data directly to and from system memory, bypassing
the microprocessor.
Driver -- A utility program accompanying the motherboard that permits application programs to use the extended
resolutions of the VGA circuitry.
Expansion slot -- A connector on the motherboard for holding an adapter card.
Gigahertz (GHz) -- A frequency of 1 billion cycles per second.
Hertz (Hz) -- A unit of frequency equal to one cycle per second.
Horizontal frequency -- The rate, at which monitor displays each scan line, usually measured in kilohertz (kHz).
I/O -- An abbreviation for "input/output", a generic term that refers to the devices and processes involved in the
computer's reading and writing data.
IDE -- Integrated Drive Electronics. A hard disk drive interface for use with drives that contain their own controller
electronics. With the IDE interface, a hard disk drive controller card is not necessary.
Integrated circuit -- An electronic device that combines thousands of transistors on a small chip of silicon. Such
devices are the building blocks of computers.
Interleaving -- A technique for improving the performance of system memory by splitting the memory into two or
four sections that alternately process information. While one memory section goes through a refresh cycle, the
microprocessor sends information to another section for processing.
Jumper -- On a printed circuit board, a patch connector, wire, or cable used to establish a circuit.
Megahertz (MHz) -- A frequency of 1 million cycles per second.
Memory -- Semiconductor chips used to hold information and programs while they are being accessed by the
microprocessor. See also RAM and ROM.
Microprocessor -- An integrated circuit that contains the circuits the computer needs to calculate and to
communicate with the other parts of the system. See also cent r al pr ocessing unit.
Multi-frequency monitor -- A monitor (also known by the trade names MultiSync or MultiScan) that, due to its
ability to scan at various horizontal and vertical frequencies, is capable of displaying a wide variety of resolution
modes.
Page-mode memory -- A memory arrangement that avoids wait states by allowing back-to-back memory accesses
within blocks of memory called pages. See also wait states.
Parallel interface -- A standard interface that transmits and receives data in a parallel manner, using a separate data
line for each bit.
Parity bit -- An additional non-informational bit appended to a group of bits to make the number of ones in the group
of bits either an odd or even number; an elementary mechanism for error checking.
Peripheral -- A hardware device (such as a keyboard, monitor, or printer) that connects to a computer.
Pin -- Any of the leads on a device, such as a chip, that plug into a socket and connect it to a system.
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Pixel -- Short for "picture element", the smallest single dot displayable on the display.
Power-On Self Test (POST) -- Internal test procedures that the BIOS runs automatically when the system is turned
on. These procedures verify that all the computer's hardware is functioning properly. If the test detects problems, the
computer displays error codes before (or instead of) starting the operating system. The error codes can help a service
person determine what is wrong with your computer.
RAM -- An acronym for "random-access memory." The type of computer memory used to store information while a
program is running. All data stored in RAM is lost when the computer is turned off or power is lost.
Refresh -- Periodic rewrite of system memory contents to the same memory locations by the microprocessor so that
the contents do not decay beyond redemption.
Resolution -- A measure of the quality of the image that can be shown on a particular display; usually expressed as
the number of pixels that can be displayed horizontally across the display screen by the number of pixels that can be
displayed vertically on the display screen.
ROM -- An acronym for "read-only memory." The type of computer memory that is used to permanently store the
information vital to computer operation, including some parts of the operating system. ROM is permanent and the
contents will not be lost when the computer is turned off.
SCSI -- An acronym for Small Computer Systems Interface. An interface that allows you to connect several
peripherals (hard drives, CD-ROM drives and tape backup units) to your computer system using a daisy-chained
controller cable.
Serial interface -- An interface that transmits and receives data in a serial manner, transmitting or receiving data one
bit at a time.
Set-up -- The arrangement of connections between an assembly of individual computing units, and the adjustments
needed for the computer to operate.
SRAM -- Static Random Access Memory. A type of memory that does not need to be refreshed. Data stored in the
SRAM remains until changed or until the computer is turned off.
System -- An assembly of components united by some form of regulated interaction to form an organized whole.
System board -- The large printed-circuit board in a computer on which most electronic devices are mounted; the
primary board in a computer. All other interfaces receive control signals or information from the system board. Also
commonly referred to as a "motherboard" or "main board".
USB -- Universal Serial Bus. USB 1.1 is a hot pluggable daisy chained 12 MB/Sec serial bus. USB 2.0 is a hot
pluggable daisy chained 480 MB/Sec serial bus. Devices may be plugged in or out without turning off the system.
USB devices include mice, scanners, keyboards, and digital cameras.
Wait states -- A delay in the computer's information processing cycle caused by a difference in speed between a
faster processor and slower memory, which holds data. Zero wait states means the processor does not have to "wait"
for memory, and can access data as fast as it is needed.
Word -- The set of bits comprising the largest unit that the computer can handle in a single operation.
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