Chauvin Arnoux C.A 8335, Qusali Star Plus User Manual

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Page 1

THREE-PHASE ELECTRICAL

C.A 8335

NETWORKS ANALYSER

QUALI

STAR

ENGLISH

User’s manual

Page 2

Thank you for purchasing a C.A 8335 three-phase electrical networks analyser (Qualistar+). To obtain the best service from your unit:

 read these operating instructions carefully,  comply with the precautions for use.

WARNING, risk of DANGER! The operator must refer to these instructions whenever this danger symbol appears.

Equipment protected by double insulation.

USB socket.

Earth.

The CE marking indicates conformity with European directives, in particular LVD and EMC.

Chauvin Arnoux has adopted an Eco-Design approach in order to design this appliance. Analysis of the complete lifecycle has enabled us to control and optimize the effects of the product on the environment. In particular this appliance exceeds regulation requirements with respect to recycling and reuse.

The rubbish bin with a line through it indicates that, in the European Union, the product must undergo selective disposal in compliance with Directive WEEE 2002/96/EC. This equipment must not be treated as household waste.

Deﬁnition of measurement categories:

 Measurement category IV corresponds to measurements taken at the source of low-voltage installations.

Example: power feeders, counters and protection devices.

 Measurement category III corresponds to measurements on building installations.

Example: distribution panel, circuit-breakers, machines or ﬁxed industrial devices.

 Measurement category II corresponds to measurements taken on circuits directly connected to low-voltage installations.

Example: power supply to domestic electrical appliances and portable tools.

PRECAUTIONS FOR USE

This instrument and its accessories comply with safety standards IEC 61010-1, IEC 61010-031, and IEC 61010-2-032 for voltages of 600V in category IV or 1000V in category III. Failure to observe the safety instructions may result in electric shock, ﬁre, explosion, and destruction of the instrument and of the installations.

 The operator and/or the responsible authority must carefully read and clearly understand the various precautions to be taken

in use. Sound knowledge and a keen awareness of electrical hazards are essential when using this instrument.  If you use this instrument other than as speciﬁed, the protection it provides may be compromised, thereby endangering you.  Do not use the instrument on networks of which the voltage or category exceeds those mentioned.  Do not use the instrument if it seems to be damaged, incomplete, or poorly closed.  Before each use, check the condition of the insulation on the leads, housing, and accessories. Any item of which the insulation

is deteriorated (even partially) must be set aside for repair or scrapping.  Use only the leads and accessories supplied. Using leads (or accessories) of a lower voltage or category reduces the voltage

or category of the combined instrument + leads (or accessories) to that of the leads (or accessories).  Use personal protection equipment systematically.  Keep your hands away from the terminals of the device.  When handling the leads, test probes, and crocodile clips, keep your ﬁngers behind the physical guard.  Use only the mains power adaptor and battery pack supplied by the manufacturer. They include speciﬁc safety features.  Some current sensors must not be placed on or removed from bare conductors at hazardous voltages: refer to the sensor

manual and comply with the handling instructions.

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CONTENTS

1. GETTING STARTED ........................................................4

1.1. Unpacking .............................................................4

1.2. Charging the battery ..............................................5

1.3. Choice of language ...............................................5

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE DEVICE ....................................6

2.1. Functions ............................................................... 6

2.2. Overall view ...........................................................8

2.3. On/Off switch ........................................................8

2.4. Display .................................................................. 9

2.5. Keypad keys ........................................................ 10

2.6. Connectors ......................................................... 12

2.7. Power supply ....................................................... 12

2.8. The stand ............................................................. 13

2.9. Abbreviations .......................................................13

3. USE ...............................................................................15

3.1. Start-up ...............................................................15

3.2. Conﬁguration ....................................................... 15

3.3. Installation of leads ..............................................16

3.4. Functions of the device ....................................... 18

4. CONFIGURATION ........................................................19

4.1. Conﬁguration menu ............................................. 19

4.2. Display language ................................................. 19

4.3. Date/Time ............................................................ 19

4.4. Display ................................................................. 20

4.5. Calculation methods ...........................................21

4.6. Connection .......................................................... 24

4.7. Sensors and ratios ..............................................28

4.8. Capture Mode ....................................................29

4.9. Trend mode .........................................................31

4.10. Mode Alarm mode ............................................. 33

4.11. Erase memory ...................................................34

4.12. About ................................................................. 35

5. WAVEFORM CAPTURE ................................................36

5.1. Transient mode .................................................... 36

5.2. Inrush current mode ............................................39

6. HARMONIC ..................................................................44

6.1. Phase-to-neutral voltage ..................................... 44

6.2. Current .................................................................45

6.3. Apparent power ...................................................46

6.4. Phase-to-phase voltage ...................................... 47

6.5. Expert mode ........................................................ 48

7. WAVEFORM...................................................................50

7.1. Measurement of true RMS value .........................50

7.2. Measurement of total harmonic distortion ..........52

7.3. Measurement of the peak factor .........................53

7.4. Measurement of extreme and mean voltage and

current .................................................................54

7.5. Simultaneous display ..........................................56

7.6. Display of Fresnel diagram ..................................58

8. ALARM MODE ...............................................................60

8.1. Alarm mode conﬁguration .................................. 60

8.2. Programming an alarm campaign .......................60

8.3. Display of the list of campaigns ..........................61

8.4. Display of list of alarms .......................................61

8.5. Deleting an alarm campaign ................................ 62

8.6. Erasing all alarm campaigns ...............................62

9. TREND MODE .............................................................. 63

9.1. Programming and starting recording ...................63

9.2. Trend mode conﬁguration ...................................63

9.3. Viewing the recording list ....................................64

9.4. Deleting recordings .............................................64

9.5. Viewing the records .............................................64

10. POWER AND ENERGY MODE ...................................71

10.1. 3L ﬁlter ............................................................... 71

10.2. Filters L1, L2 and L3 .......................................... 72

10.3. Filter Σ ...............................................................73

10.4. Starting energy metering ...................................74

10.5. Disconnection of energy metering .....................75

10.6. Reset of energy metering ..................................75

11. SCREEN SNAPSHOT MODE ...................................... 76

11.1. Screen snapshots ..............................................76

11.2. Handling of screen snapshots ...........................76

12. HELP KEY ................................................................... 77

13. DATA EXPORT SOFTWARE .......................................78

14. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS ....................................79

14.1. Environmental conditions ..................................79

14.2. Mechanical conditions ......................................79

14.3. Compliance with international standards .......... 79

14.4. Electromagnetic compatibility ...........................80

14.5. Power supply ..................................................... 80

15. FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS .......................... 81

15.1. Reference Conditions ........................................81

15.2. Nominal current according to type of sensor ....81

15.3. Electrical characteristics ...................................81

16. APPENDICES ..............................................................91

16.1. Mathematical formulae ..................................... 91

16.2. Distribution sources supported by the device 106

16.3. Hysteresis ........................................................106

16.4. Minimum scale values for waveforms and

minimum RMS values ...................................... 106

16.5. Four-quadrant diagram ..................................107

16.6. Mechanism for triggering transient captures ..107

16.7. Capture conditions in Inrush Current mode ....107

16.8. Glossary ..........................................................108

17. MAINTENANCE ........................................................ 111

17.1. Cleaning the casing ......................................... 111

17.2. Maintenance of sensors ..................................111

17.3. Replacing the battery ......................................111

17.4. Replacing the screen ﬁlm ................................112

17.5. Memory card ...................................................113

17.6. Metrological check ..........................................113

17.7. Repair ..............................................................113

17.8. Updating of the internal software .................... 113

18. WARRANTY ..............................................................114

19. TO ORDER .................................................................115

19.1. C.A 8335 three-phase electrical networks

analyser ...........................................................115

19.2. Accessories ..................................................... 115

19.3. Spare parts ......................................................115

Page 4

1.1. UNPACKING

FICHE DE SÉCURITÉ DU C.A 6116 (FR)

Vous venez d’acquérir un contrôleur d’installation C.A 6116 et nous vous remercions de votre conﬁance. Pour obtenir le meilleur service de votre appareil :

lisez attentivement cette notice de fonctionnement, respectez les précautions d’emploi.

ATTENTION, risque de DANGER ! L’opérateur s’engage à consulter la présente notice à chaque fois que ce symbole de danger est rencontré.

Appareil protégé par une isolation double.

Polarité du connecteur d’alimentation en tension continue.

Le marquage CE atteste la conformité aux directives européennes.

e que, dans l’Union Européenne, le produit doit faire l’objet

La poubelle barrée signiﬁ d’un tri sélectif des déchets pour le recyclage des matériels électriques et électroniques conformément à la directive WEEE 2002/96/EC.

Déﬁnition des catégories de mesure :

La catégorie de mesure IV correspond aux mesurages réalisés à la source de l’installation basse



tension. La catégorie de mesure III correspond aux mesurages réalisés dans l’installation du bâtiment.



La catégorie de mesure II correspond aux mesurages réalisés sur les circuits directement branchés



à l’installation basse tension. La catégorie de mesure I correspond aux mesurages réalisés sur des circuits non reliés directement



au réseau.

PRÉCAUTIONS D’EMPLOI

Cet appareil est protégé contre des tensions accidentelles n’excédant pas 600 V par rapport à la terre en catégorie de mesure III ou 300 V par rapport à la terre en catégorie de mesure IV. La protection assurée par l’appareil peut-être compromise si celui-ci est utilisé de façon non spéciﬁée par le constructeur.

Respectez la tension et l’intensité maximales assignées ainsi que la catégorie de mesure.



Ne dépassez jamais les valeurs limites de protection indiquées dans les spéciﬁcations.



Respectez les conditions d’utilisation, à savoir la température, l’humidité, l’altitude, le degré de pollution



et le lieu d’utilisation. N’utilisez pas l’appareil ou ses accessoires s’ils paraissent endommagés.



Pour le recharge de la batterie, utilis ez uniquemen t le bloc adaptateur secteur four ni avec



l’appareil. Utilisez des accessoires de branchement dont la catégorie de surtension et la tension de service



sont supérieures ou égales à celles de l’appareil de mesure (600 V CAT III). Toute procédure de dépannage ou de vériﬁcation métrologique doit être effectuée par du personnel



compétent et agréé. Utilisez les moyens de protection adaptés.



04 - 2009 Code 691923A01 - Ed. 1

190, rue Championnet 75876 PARIS Cedex 18

FRANCE

Désignation de l'instrument :

Vérifié par :

Tested by

Établi en usine, ce document atteste que le produit ci-dessus a été vérifié et est conforme aux

conditions d'acceptation définies dans nos procédures de fabrication et de contrôle.

Tous les moyens de mesure et d'essai utilisés pour vérifier cet appareil sont raccordés aux

étalons nationaux et internationaux soit par l'intermédiaire d'un de nos laboratoires de métrologie

accrédités COFRAC soit par un autre laboratoire accrédité.

Après sa mise en service, cet instrument doit être vérifié à intervalle régulier

auprès d'un service de métrologie agréé.

Pour tout renseignement veuillez contacter notre service après vente et d'étalonnage.

At the time of manufacture, this document certifies that the above product have been verified and

complies with acceptance conditions defined in our manufacturing and testing procedures.

Every test or measuring equipment used to verify this instrument are related to national

and international standards through one of our laborator

equivalent to NAMAS in the UK or through another certified laboratory.

After being in use, this instrument must be recalibrated within regular intervals

by an approved metrology laboratory. Please contact our after sales and calibration department:

Service après vente et d'étalonnage TEL: +33 (2) 31 64 51 55 FAX: +33 (2) 31 64 51 72 After sales and calibration department e-mail: info@manumesure.fr

WEB : www.manumesure.com

ATTESTATION DE CONFORMITE

COMPLIANCE ATTESTATION

Nous certifions que ce produit a été fabriqué conformément aux spécifications

techniques de constuction applicables.

We certify that this product is manufactured in accordance with applicable

constructing specifications.

ATTESTATION DE VERIFICATION

CHECKING ATTESTATION

Numéro de l'appareil :

Equipment number

Type /

Model

Instrument designation

Signature :

Signature

ies of metrology certified by french COFRAC

www.chauvin-arnoux.com

x 5

➈

➇

907 009 119 - 02/03

➂

➉

1. GETTING STARTED

➀

➅

➁

➆

➃

➄

No. Designation Quantity

Safety cables, black, banana-banana, straight-straight 5

Black crocodile clips. 5

User’s manual on CD-ROM. 1

Type A-B USB cord. 1

Speciﬁc mains power unit and mains cord. 1

No. 22 carrying bag 1

Sets of inserts and rings for marking the leads and current sensors according to phase. 12

Checking attestation. 1

Safety data sheets. 5

Power Analyser Transfer (PAT) software on CD-ROM. 1

Page 5

1.2. CHARGING THE BATTERY

Before the ﬁrst use, start by fully charging the battery.

120 V ± 10 %, 60 Hz 230 V ± 10 %, 50 Hz

Remove the cover from the receptacle and connect the plug of the speciﬁc power supply unit to the device. Connect the mains cord to the power supply unit and to mains.

The button disconnected.

When the battery is fully discharged, charging takes approximately 5 hours.

lights; it will go out only when the plug is

1.3. CHOICE OF LANGUAGE

Before using the device, ﬁrst choose the language in which you want the device to display its messages.

Press the green button to switch the device on.

Press the Conﬁguration key.

Figure 8: Conﬁguration screen

Press the yellow key on the device corresponding to the desired language.

This key is used to go to the next page.

Page 6

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE DEVICE

2.1. FUNCTIONS

The C.A. 8335 (Qualistar+) is a three-phase network analyzer with colour graphic display and built-in rechargeable battery.

It plays three roles, and can be used:

 to measure the RMS values, powers, and perturbations of electric distribution networks.  to deliver a snapshot of the principal characteristics of a three-phase network  to track the variations of various parameters over time.

The measurement uncertainty of the device is better than 1% (not counting the uncertainties due to the current sensors). The device is also very ﬂexible, with a choice of sensors allowing measurements ranging from a few milliamperes (MN93A) to several kiloamperes (AmpFLEX™).

The device is compact and impact resistant.

The ergonomics and simplicity of its interface make using it pleasant.

The C.A 8335 is intended for the technicians and engineers of electrical installation and network inspection and maintenance teams.

2.1.1. MEASUREMENT FUNCTIONS

The principal measurements made are:

 The RMS values of AC voltages up to 1000 V between terminals. By using the ratios, the device can measure voltages up to

hundreds of gigavolts.  The RMS values of AC currents up to 6500 amperes (neutral included). By using the ratios, the device can measure currents

up to hundreds of kiloamperes.  The DC components of voltages and currents (neutral included).  Minimum and maximum half-cycle RMS voltage and current values (excluding neutral).  Peak voltage and current values (neutral included).  The frequency of 50 Hz and 60 Hz networks.  Current and voltage peak factors (neutral included).  Calculation of the harmonic loss factor (FHL), application to transformers in the presence of harmonic currents.  Calculation of the K factor (KF), application to transformers in the presence of harmonic currents.  Measurement of total harmonic distortion with respect to the fundamental (THD in % f) of the current and of the voltages

(excluding neutral).  Measurement of the total harmonic distortion with respect to the RMS AC value (THD in % r) for the current and the voltages

(neutral included)  Active, reactive (capacitive and inductive), non-active, distortion, and apparent power, by phase and cumulative (excluding

neutral).  Power factors (PF) and displacement factors (DPF or cos Φ) (excluding neutral).  Measurement of the RMS distortion values (d) for the current and the voltages (excluding neutral).  Short-term voltage ﬂicker (PST) (excluding neutral).  Measurement of the long-term ﬂicker of the voltages (PLT) (excluding neutral).  Active, reactive (capacitive and inductive), non-active, distortion, and apparent energy (excluding neutral).  Current and voltage harmonics (excluding neutral) up to order 50: RMS value, percentage referred to the fundamental, (%f)

(excluding neutral), or the total RMS value (%r), minimum and maximum and sequence harmonics.  Apparent power of each harmonic up to order 50 (excluding neutral): value, percentage referred to the fundamental apparent

power (%f) or the total apparent power (%r), minimum and maximum.  Inrush currents, starting of motors.

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2.1.2. DISPLAY FUNCTIONS

 Display of waveforms (voltages and currents).  Inrush Current function: displays parameters useful for study of the starting of a motor.

 Instantaneous current and voltage at the instant designated by the cursor.  Maximum instantaneous absolute value of the current and of the voltage (over the entire starting time).  RMS value of the half-cycle (or lobe) of the current and voltage (excluding neutral) on which the cursor is positioned.  Maximum half-cycle RMS current (over the entire starting time).  Instantaneous network frequency at the instant designated by the cursor.  Maximum, mean, and minimum network frequencies (over the entire starting time).  Time at which starting of motor commenced.

 Screen captures (50 maximum).  Transients function. Detection and recording of transients (up to 210) between user-deﬁned start and stop dates and times.

Recording of 4 complete cycles (one before the triggering event and three after) in the 8 acquisition channels.  Trend recording (data logging) function. 2GB memory with date-stamping and user-deﬁned start and stop dates for record-

ing, with a maximum of 100 recordings. Display, in bar chart or curve form, of the means of many parameters vs. time, with

or without minima and maxima.  Alarm function. List of recorded alarms (up to 16,000) exceeding thresholds deﬁned in the conﬁguration menu. User-deﬁned

alarm monitoring start and stop times.

2.1.3. CONFIGURATION FUNCTIONS

 Date and time settings.  Screen brightness and contrast settings.

 Choice of curve colours.  Choice of management of switching off of the screen.  Choice of calculation methods (non-active quantities broken down or not, choice of the unit of energy, choice of the coefﬁcients

of calculation of the K factor, choice of reference for the level of harmonics, PLT calculation (sliding or not).  Choice of distribution system (single-phase, two-phase, three-phase with or without neutral) and of the connection method

(standard, 2-element method or 2½-element method).  Conﬁguration of recording, alarms, inrush currents, and transients.

 Erasure of data (total or partial).  Display of software and hardware version numbers.  Choice of language.  Display of current sensors detected or simulated (2-element connection method) and voltage and current ratio settings.

Page 8

2.2. OVERALL VIEW

Display

(see §2.4)

Function keys

(yellow keys)

(see §2.5.1)

Return /previous key

(see §2.5.2)

Measurement connection

terminals (see §2.6.1)

USB socket (see §2.6.2)

Connector for the mains power unit/battery charger (see §2.6.2)

Conﬁguration key

(see §2.5.4)

Screen snapshot key

(see §2.5.4)

Help key

(see §2.5.4)

On/Off switch

(see §2.3)

Figure 1: Overall view of Qualistar+

2.3. ON/OFF SWITCH

Pressing the button powers up the device.

The device can operate either on its battery or on mains power.

Pressing the and/or inrush current acquisition, it requests conﬁrmation.

switch again turns the device off. If the device is recording, metering energy, or searching for transients, alarms,

Conﬁrm/Enter key (see §2.5.2)

Navigation keys (see §2.5.2)

Mode keys (violet keys) (see §2.5.3)

Select Yes or No on the corresponding yellow keys, then press the  key to validate.

 If No is selected, recording will continue.  If Yes is selected, the data recorded until that point are saved and the device is turned off.

Page 9

2.4. DISPLAY

2.4.1. PRESENTATION

The backlit 320x240 (1/4 VGA) pixel graphic liquid crystal screen displays all measurements with their curves, the parameters of the unit, the curves selected, the instantaneous values of the signals, and the type of measurement selected. When the device is powered up, it automatically displays the Waveform screen. Information about this screen can be found in §7.

Reminder of the mode.

Battery charge level.

Current date and time.

Active mode screen.

Frequency calculated over one second.

Function keys.

Figure 2: example of a display screen

The management of switching off of the screen is chosen by the user in the Display Conﬁguration Mode menu (see §4.4.3).

2.4.2. THE FUNCTION KEY ICONS

The display uses the following icons for the yellow function keys:

Icons Designation

Phase-to-neutral voltage mode.

Phase-to-neutral current mode.

VAR

Power mode.

Phase-to-phase voltage mode. Management of the breakdown of the non-active

quantities.

%f-%r

Choice of unit of energy. Choice of coefﬁcients of the K factor. Choice of reference for the level of harmonics

of the phases.

PLT

Management of the long-term ﬂicker calculation mode.

RMS

PEAK

THD

Display of the peak factors and of the curves. Display of the RMS values and of the curves. Display of the PEAK values and of the curves. Display of the level of harmonic distortion and

of the curves

PF…

W…

Display of PF, cos Φ (DPF), tan Φ, and Φ. Display of powers and of the associated quanti-

ties (PF, cos Φ, DPF, tan Φ and Φ

Wh…

Display of the energy meters.

Icons Designation

Zoom in.

Zoom out.

Management of the contrast and brightness.

Choice of colours of the measurement channels.

Management of the switching off of the screen

Recording programming mode.

Recording look-up mode.

Start of recording.

Rapid programming and start of recording.

Disconnection of recording.

Shut down function in progress prompt.

Bin for deletions of elements.

Shortcut to the recording parameterizing mode

Activate/deactivate selection of the transients list display ﬁlter.

Activation and de-activation of the energy calculation.

Page 10

Icons Designation

Display of mean values and extrema.

Move the cursor to the ﬁrst occurrence of the maximum phase-to-neutral voltage.

Move the cursor to the ﬁrst occurrence of the minimum phase-to-neutral voltage.

Move the cursor to the ﬁrst occurrence of the maximum phase-to-phase voltage.

Move the cursor to the ﬁrst occurrence of the minimum phase-to-phase voltage.

Move the cursor to the ﬁrst occurrence of the maximum current.

Move the cursor to the ﬁrst occurrence of the minimum current.

Move the cursor to the ﬁrst occurrence of the maximum instantaneous frequency.

Move the cursor to the ﬁrst occurrence of the minimum instantaneous frequency.

Move the cursor to the ﬁrst occurrence of the maximum of the measurement displayed.

Move the cursor to the ﬁrst occurrence of the minimum of the measurement displayed.

Simultaneous display of all voltage and current measurements (RMS, DC, THD, CF, PST, PLT, FHL, FK).

>t=0<

>t=-T<

Select all items.

Unselect all items.

Transient mode.

Inrush current mode.

Display of Fresnel diagram of the signals.

Move cursor to transient triggering time. Move the cursor to one signal period before the

triggering date of the transient. Energies consumed by the load.

Energies generated by the load.

Page screen 1 of the help function.

Page screen 2 of the help function.

Page screen 3 of the help function.

Page screen 4 of the help function.

Previous conﬁguration.

Next conﬁguration.

Previous page screen.

Next page screen.

2.5. KEYPAD KEYS

2.5.1. FUNCTION KEYS (YELLOW KEYS)

These 6 keys activate the function or tool represented by the corresponding icon on the screen.

2.5.2. NAVIGATION KEYS

A block of 4 arrow keys, a select key and a return key are used for navigation in the menus.

Item Function











Up direction or navigation key. Down direction or navigation key. Right direction or navigation key. Left direction or navigation key. Conﬁrms the selection. Return key.

Page 11

2.5.3. MODE KEYS (VIOLET KEYS)

These give access to speciﬁc modes:

Item Function See

Waveform acquisition mode, with two sub-modes: transients mode (blackouts, interference, etc.) and inrush current mode (starting of motor).

Harmonic curves display mode: representation of voltage, current, and power harmonics, order by order; determination of harmonic currents produced by nonlinear loads, analysis of problems caused by harmonics according to their order (overheating of neutrals, conductors, motors, etc.).

Display of voltage and current waveforms, display of minima and maxima of summary tables, determination of phase rotation.

Alarm mode: list of recorded alarms exceeding the thresholds programmed in the conﬁguration; recording of network blackouts with half-cycle resolution (Vrms, Arms, Urms), determination of energy consumption overshoots, monitoring of compliance with a power supply quality contract.

Trend mode: recording of the parameters selected in the Conﬁguration menu. § 9

Display of power and energy measurements § 10

Three keys are real-time mode keys:

In each of these modes, the coloured circles on a white ground cators of saturation: the ground of the circle is coloured when the channel measured is potentially full

When the identiﬁcation disc corresponds to a simulated channel (for example in 4-wire three-phase with selection V1V2, 2½-element method, or in 3-wire three-phase with selection A1A2, 2-element method; see connections in §4.6), this channel is potentially full if at least one channel used in calculating it is potentially full. Similarly, if the saturation disc corresponds to a phase-to-phase voltage channel, it is potentially full if at least one of the phaseto-neutral voltage channels used in calculating it is potentially full.

, and .

, in which the channel numbers or types are entered, are indi-

.

§ 5

§ 6

§ 7

§ 8

2.5.4. OTHER KEYS

The other keys have the following functions:

Item Function See

Conﬁguration key. § 4

Snapshot of current screen and retrieval of screens already stored. § 11

Help key: provides information about the functions and the symbols used for the current display mode.

§ 12

Page 12

2.6. CONNECTORS

2.6.1. CONNECTION TERMINALS

Located on the top of the device, these connectors are distributed as follows:

4 current input terminals for current sensors (MN clamp, C clamp, AmpFLEX™, PAC clamp, E3N clamp, etc.).

Figure 3: the connection terminals

2.6.2. SIDE CONNECTORS

Located on the right side of the device, these connectors are used as follows:

USB connector. For connection to a PC.

Mains power connector: Recharges the battery and allows operation on mains power.

5 voltage input terminals.

Figure 4: the side connectors

2.7. POWER SUPPLY

The battery icon in the top right corner of the screen shows the battery level. The number of bars is proportional to the charge level.

Battery charged. Low battery. Mobile bars: battery charging.

The condition of the battery is unknown because it has never been fully charged.

The device is connected to mains.

When the battery level is too low, the following message is displayed:

Press  to conﬁrm the information. If you do not connect the device to mains, it switches itself off one minute after this message.

Page 13

2.8. THE STAND

A retractable stand on the back of the Qualistar+ can be used to hold the device in a tilted position.

Metal ring. It is used to secure the device with padlock.

Retractable stand.

Battery.

Figure 5: stand and battery compartment cover

2.9. ABBREVIATIONS

Preﬁxes of International System (SI) units

Preﬁx Symbol Multiplies by

milli

kilo

Mega

Giga

Tera

Peta

Exa

m 10

k 10 M 10 G 10

T 10

P 10

E 10

-3

Page 14

Meanings of the symbols and abbreviations used:

Symbol Designation

AC and DC components. AC component only. DC component only. Inductive phase shift.

Capacitive phase shift.

Degree.

-.+

| |

% %f %r

or Φ

A-h

Acf

Adc Apk+ ApkArms

Athdf Athdr

Aunb

AVG

Expert mode. Absolute value. Sum of values. Percentage. Fundamental value as reference Total value as reference Phase shift of voltage with respect to current.

Current; also Ampere (unit). Current harmonic. Crest (peak) factor of current. RMS distortion current. DC current. Maximum peak value of the current. Minimum peak value of the current. True RMS current. Total harmonic distortion of current in % f. Total harmonic distortion of current in % r. Current unbalance. Mean value (arithmetic mean). Peak factor (current or voltage).

cos Φ Cosine of the phase shift of voltage with respect

to current (DPF – fundamental power factor or displacement factor).

DPF

FHL

FK Hz

MAX

MIN

PEAK

or PK

PLT

PST

DC component (current or voltage). Displacement factor (cos F). Harmonic loss factor. K factor. Frequency of network studied. Channel (Line). Maximum value. Minimum value. Millisecond. Maximum (+) or minimum (-) peak instantaneous

value of the signal. Power factor. Long-term ﬂicker. Short-term ﬂicker.

Symbol Designation

RMS

True RMS value (current or voltage).

Relative date of time cursor.

tan Φ Tangent of the phase shift of voltage with respect

to current.

THD

U U-h Ucf

Udc

Upk+

UpkUrms Uthdf

Total harmonic distortion (in %f or in %r). Phase-to-Phase voltage. Phase-to-phase voltage harmonic. Phase-to-Phase voltage crest factor. Phase-to-phase RMS distortion voltage. Phase-to-phase DC voltage. Maximum peak value of the phase-to-phase voltage. Minimum peak value of the phase-to-phase voltage. True RMS phase-to-phase voltage. Total phase-to-phase voltage harmonic distortion

in %f.

Uthdr

Total phase-to-phase voltage harmonic distortion in %r.

Uunb

V-h

VA-h

VAD

VADh

VAh VAR

VARh

Vcf

Vdc

Vpk+

Phase-to-phase voltage unbalance. Phase-to-neutral voltage; also Volt (unit) Phase-to-neutral voltage harmonic. Apparent power. Apparent harmonic power. Distortion power. Distortion energy. Apparent energy. Reactive or non-active power. Reactive or non-active energy. Voltage crest (peak) factor. Phase-to-neutral RMS distortion voltage. Phase-to-neutral DC voltage. Maximum peak value of the phase-to-neutral

voltage.

Vpk-

Minimum peak value of the phase-to-neutral voltage.

Vrms Vthdf

True RMS phase-to-neutral voltage. Total harmonic distortion of phase-to-neutral

voltage in %f.

Vthdr

Total harmonic distortion of phase-to-neutral voltage in %r.

Vunb

Wdc

Wdch

Phase-to-neutral voltage unbalance. Active power. DC power. DC energy. Active energy.

Page 15

3. USE

3.1. START-UP

To switch the device on, press the button. It lights when pressed, then goes off if the mains power unit is not connected to the device.

After the software check, the home page is displayed and indicates the software version of the device and its serial number.

Figure 6: Home page at start-up

Then the Waveform screen is displayed.

Figure 7: Waveform screen

3.2. CONFIGURATION

To conﬁgure the device, proceed as follows:

 Press . The conﬁguration screen appears.  Press  or  to select the parameter to be modiﬁed. Press  to enter the selected sub-menu.

Figure 8: Conﬁguration screen

Then use the arrow keys ( or  and  or ) and the  key to validate. For more details, see §§4.3 to 4.10.

Page 16

The following points must be checked or adapted for each measurement:

 Deﬁne the parameters of the calculation methods (see §4.5).  Select the distribution system (single-phase to ﬁve-wire three-phase) and the connection method (2 wattmeters, 2 ½ elements,

standard) (see §4.6).  Program the current ratios according to the type of current sensor connected (see §4.7).  Program the voltage ratios (see §4.7).  Deﬁne the transient triggering levels (transients mode and inrush current capture) (see §4.8).  Deﬁne the values to be recorded (trend mode) (see §4.9).  Deﬁne the alarm thresholds (see §4.10).

To return to the Conﬁguration screen from a sub-menu, press the key.

3.3. INSTALLATION OF LEADS

To identify the leads and input terminals, you may mark them in accordance with the usual phase/neutral colour code using the coloured rings and inserts supplied with the device.

 Detach the insert and place it in the hole provided for it near the terminal (large hole for a current terminal; small hole for a

voltage terminal).

Insert for current terminal.

 Clip rings of the same colour to the ends of the lead you will be connecting to the terminal.

Twelve sets of rings and inserts of different colours are provided to enable you to harmonize the device with any of the phase/

neutral colour codes in force.

 Connect the measurement leads to the terminals of the device:

Insert for voltage terminal.

4 current inputs terminals.

Rings the same colour as the terminal.

5 voltage input terminals.

Figure 3: connection terminals

 Remember to deﬁne the transformation ratios of the current sensors and of the voltage inputs (see §4.7).

Page 17

To make a measurement, you must program at least:

 the calculation method (see §4.5),  the connection (see §4.6)  and the ratios of the sensors (see §4.7).

The measuring leads must be connected to the circuit to be measured as shown by the following diagrams.

3.3.1. SINGLE-PHASE NETWORK

Figure 9: 2-wire single-phase connection Figure 10: 2-wire single-phase connection

3.3.2. SPLIT-PHASE NETWORK

Figure 11: 2-wire split-phase connection Figure 12: 3-wire split-phase connection Figure 13: 4-wire split-phase connection

3.3.3. THREE-PHASE NETWORK

Figure 14: 3-wire three-phase

connection

In the case of a three-phase network, you are not obliged to connect all of the terminals in voltage or in current.

For 3-wire three-phase, indicate the 2 current sensors that will be connected: A1 and A2, or A2 and A3, or A3 and A1. For 4- and 5-wire three-phase, indicate the voltages that will be connected: all 3 voltages (3V) or only 2 (V1 and V2, or V2 and V3, or V3 and V1).

Figure 15: 4-wire three-phase

connection

Figure 16: 5-wire three-phase

connection

Page 18

3.3.4. CONNECTION PROCEDURE

 Switch the instrument on.  Conﬁgure the device for the measurement to be made and the type of network concerned (see §4),  Connect the leads and current sensors to the unit.  Connect the earth and/or neutral lead to the network earth and/or neutral (when it is distributed) and connect the correspond-

ing current sensor,  Connect the L1 phase lead to the network L1 phase and connect the corresponding current sensor.  If applicable, repeat the procedure for phases L2 and L3 and for N.

Note: complying with this procedure reduces connection errors to a minimum and avoids wasting time.

Disconnection procedure:

 Proceed in the reverse of the order of connection, always ﬁnishing by disconnecting the neutral (when distributed).  Disconnect the leads and switch the device off.

3.4. FUNCTIONS OF THE DEVICE

Any screen can be saved (screen snapshot) by pressing the key (see §11).

You can press the help key current display mode.

3.4.1. WAVEFORM CAPTURE

With the device powered up and connected to the network, press You can display the Transients mode (see §5.1) or the Inrush current mode (see §5.2).

3.4.2. DISPLAY OF HARMONICS

With the device powered up and connected to the network, press You can display the phase-to-neutral voltage (see §6.1), the current (see §6.2), the apparent power (see §6.3) or the phase-tophase voltage (see §6.4).

3.4.3. WAVEFORM MEASUREMENTS

With the device powered up and connected to the network, press

You can display the measurements of the true RMS value (see §7.1), the measurements of the total harmonic distortion (see §7.2), the measurements of the peak factor (see §7.3), the extreme values in voltage and current (see §7.4), several values at once (see

§7.5), or the Fresnel diagram (see §7.6).

3.4.4. ALARM RECORDING

With the device powered up and connected to the network, press

at any time. The help screen will inform you about the functions and the symbols used for the

You can conﬁgure the alarm mode (see §8.1), program an alarm campaign (see §8.2), look it up (see §8.4), or erase it (see §8.6).

3.4.5. RECORDING

With the device powered up and connected to the network, press You can conﬁgure recordings (see §9.2) and program them (see §9.1). You can also erase recordings (see §4.11).

3.4.6. ENERGY MEASUREMENTS

With the device powered up and connected to the network, press You can measure the energies consumed (see §10.1.3) or generated (see §10.1.4, §10.2.2, or §10.3.2).

Page 19

4. CONFIGURATION

The Conﬁguration key is used to conﬁgure the device. This must be done before each new type of measurement. The conﬁguration remains in memory, even after the device is switched off.

4.1. CONFIGURATION MENU

The arrow keys (,, , ) are used to navigate in the Conﬁguration menu and to parameterize the device. A value that can be modiﬁed is ﬂanked by arrows.

Most of the time, conﬁrmation (

The return key ( ) is used to return to the main menu from a sub-menu.

) is necessary for the changes made by the user to be applied.



Figure 8: the Conﬁguration screen

4.2. DISPLAY LANGUAGE

To select the display language, press the yellow key under the corresponding icon on the screen (Figure 6).

The active language is identiﬁed by the icon on the yellow ground.

4.3. DATE/TIME

The menu deﬁnes the system date and time. The display is as follows:

Figure 17: Date/Time menu

With the Date/Time ﬁeld highlighted in yellow, press press  or . To conﬁrm, press  .

Proceed in the same way for the dating system (DD/MM/YY or MM/DD/YY) and the time system (12/24 or AM/PM). You see the effect immediately in the display of the date.

To return to the Conﬁguration menu, press .

Note: The date and time parameters cannot be conﬁgured while the device is recording, metering energy, or searching for tran-

sients, alarms, and/or inrush current acquisition.

. To change a value, press  or . To move from one ﬁeld to another,



Page 20

4.4. DISPLAY

4.4.1. CONTRAST/BRIGHTNESS

menu is used to deﬁne the contrast and brightness of the display unit. The display is as follows:

The

Figure 18: the Contrast/Brightness menu

Use the arrow keys (,, , ) to change the contrast and brightness. To return to the Conﬁguration menu, press .

4.4.2. COLOURS

menu is used to deﬁne the colours of the voltage and current curves. Press the yellow key corresponding to the icon.

The There are 15 colours available: green, dark green, yellow, orange, pink, red, brown, blue, turquoise blue, dark blue, very light grey, light grey, grey, dark grey, and black.

The display is as follows:

Figure 19: the Colours menu

Use the arrow keys (,, , ) to change the assignments of the colours. To return to the Conﬁguration menu, press .

4.4.3. MANAGEMENT OF THE SWITCHING OFF OF THE SCREEN

The

menu deﬁnes the management of the switching off of the screen. Press the yellow key corresponding to the icon.

Figure 124: the Management of Switching off of the Screen menu

Use the arrow keys (,) to choose the screen switching off mode: Automatic or Never.

Page 21

The Automatic mode is used to save the battery. The display screen is switched off automatically after ﬁve minutes without action

on the keys if the device is powered only by its battery and if recording is in progress. The On/Off button blinks to indicate that the device is still in operation. Pressing any key on the keypad relights the screen.

To return to the Conﬁguration menu, press .

4.5. CALCULATION METHODS

The menu

 The choice of breakdown or no breakdown of the non-active quantities,  The choice of unit of energy,  The choice of reference for the level of harmonics of the phases,  The choice of coefﬁcients of calculation for the factor,  The choice of method of calculation of the long-term ﬂicker.

4.5.1. CHOICE OF CALCULATION OF NON-ACTIVE QUANTITIES The VAR menu is used to choose whether or not to break down the non-active quantities (powers and energies).

deﬁnes:

Figure 20: the Methods of Calculation of Reactive Quantities menu

Use the arrow keys (,) to select broken down or not.

 Broken down: VAR corresponds to the fundamental reactive power and VAD to the distortion power.  Not broken down: VAR corresponds to the non-active power; VAD does not exist.

Then validate with the  key. The device returns to the Conﬁguration menu.

Note: The modiﬁcation is impossible if the device is recording, metering energy, and/or searching for alarms.

Page 22

4.5.2. CHOICE OF UNIT OF ENERGY The Wh menu deﬁnes the unit of display of energies.

Figure 21: the Choice of Unit of Energy menu

Use the arrow keys (,) to select the unit:

 Wh: Watt-hour.  Joule.  nuclear toe: nuclear tonne oil equivalent.  non-nuclear toe: non-nuclear tonne oil equivalent.  BTU: British Thermal Unit.

Then validate with the  key . The device returns to the Conﬁguration menu.

4.5.3. CHOICE OF COEFFICIENTS OF CALCULATION OF THE K FACTOR The FK menu deﬁnes the coefﬁcients used for the calculation of the K factor.

Figure 22: the Choice of Coefﬁcients of Calculation of the K Factor menu

Use the arrow keys (,, , ) to ﬁx the value of coefﬁcients q and e:

 q: exponential constant that depends on the type of winding and the frequency.

The value of q can range from 1.5 to 1.7. The value of 1.7 is suitable for transformers having round or square conductors, in

all types of winding. The value of 1.5 is suitable for those in which the low-voltage windings are in tape form.  e: ratio between the losses linked to eddy currents (at the fundamental frequency) and resistive losses (both evaluated at the

reference temperature). The value of e can range from 0.05 to 0.1.

The default values (q = 1.7 and e = 0.10) are suitable for most applications.

Then validate with the  key. The device returns to the Conﬁguration menu.

Note: The modiﬁcation is impossible if the device is recording and/or searching for alarms.

Page 23

4.5.4. CHOICE OF REFERENCE OF THE LEVEL OF HARMONICS OF THE PHASES The %f-%r menu deﬁnes the reference for the level of harmonics of the phases.

Figure 23: the Choice of Reference for the Level of Harmonics menu

Use the arrow keys (,) to ﬁx the reference for the level of harmonics:

 %f: the reference is the value of the fundamental.  %r: the reference is the total value.

Then validate with the  key. The device returns to the Conﬁguration menu.

In the case of the level of harmonics of the V-h, A-h, and U-h phases, the fundamental and total values are RMS values. In the case of the level of harmonics of the VA-h phases, the fundamental and total values are apparent power values.

Note: The modiﬁcation is impossible if the device is recording and/or searching for alarms.

4.5.5. CHOICE OF METHOD OF CALCULATION OF PLT The PLT menu deﬁnes the method used to calculate the PLT (long-term ﬂicker).

Figure 24: the Choice of Method of Calculation of PLT menu

Use the arrow keys (,) to choose sliding or non-sliding.

 Sliding: the PLT is calculated every 10 minutes. The ﬁrst value is available 2 hours after the device is switched on, because it

takes 12 values of PST to calculate the PLT.  Non-sliding: the PLT is calculated every 2 hours.

Then validate with the  key . The device returns to the Conﬁguration menu.

Note: The modiﬁcation is impossible if the device is recording and/or searching for alarms.

Page 24

4.6. CONNECTION

The menu is used to deﬁne how the device is connected, according to distribution system.

Figure 16: the Connection menu

Several electrical diagrams can be selected: Use the arrow keys (,, , ) to choose a connection.

One or more types of network correspond to each distribution system.

Distribution system Source

Single-phase 2-wire (L1 and N)

Single-phase 3-wire (L1, N and earth)

Split-phase 2-wire (L1 and L2)

Single-phase 2-wire non-earthed neutral

Single-phase 3-wire earthed neutral

Split-phase 2-wire

3-phase open star 2-wire

GND

Page 25

Distribution system Source

Split-phase 3-wire (L1, L2 and N)

Split-phase 3-wire non-earthed neutral

3-phase open star 3-wire non-earthed neutral

3-phase high leg delta 3-wire non-earthed neutral

3-phase open high leg delta 3-wire non-earthed neutral

Split-phase 4-wire (L1, L2, N and earth)

Split-phase 4-wire earthed neutral

3-phase open star 4-wire earthed neutral

3-phase high leg delta 4-wire earthed neutral

3-phase open high leg delta 4-wire earthed neutral

GND

Page 26

Distribution system Source

3-phase star 3-wire

3-phase delta 3-wire

3-phase open delta 3-wire

3-phase 3-wire (L1, L2 and L3)

Indicate which 2 current sensors will be connected: A1 and A2, or A2 and A3, or A3 and A1.

3-phase open delta 3-wire earthed junction of phases

3-phase open delta 3-wire earthed corner of phase

3-phase high leg delta 3-wire

3-phase open high leg delta 3-wire

Page 27

Distribution system Source

3-phase 4-wire (L1, L2, L3 and N)

Indicate which voltages will be connected: all 3 (3V) or only 2 (V1 and V2, or V2 and V3, or V3 and V1).

3-phase star 4-wire non-earthed neutral

3-phase open high leg delta 4-wire non-earthed neutral

3-phase high leg delta 4-wire non-earthed neutral

3-phase star 5-wire earthed neutral

3-phase 5-wire (L1, L2, L3, N and earth)

3-phase open high leg delta 5-wire earthed neutral

Indicate which voltages will be connected: all 3 (3V) or only 2 (V1 and V2, or V2 and V3, or V3 and V1).

3-phase high leg delta 5-wire earthed neutral

Then validate with the  key . The device returns to the Conﬁguration menu.

This makes it possible to connect the device to all existing networks.

GND

L1 N

GND

Note: It is impossible to select a new connection if the device is recording, metering energy, or searching for transients, alarms,

and/or inrush current acquisitions.

Page 28

4.7. SENSORS AND RATIOS

Note: The ratios cannot be changed if the device is recording, metering energy, or searching for transients, alarms, and/or inrush

current acquisitions.

4.7.1. CURRENT SENSORS AND RATIOS

A ﬁrst screen A is used to deﬁne the current sensors and ratios. It automatically displays the current sensor models detected by the device. It can also be used to deﬁne the transformation ratio (sensitivity) of certain current sensors (E3N clamp).

Figure 25: Current clamp and ratios screen in the Sensors and ratios menu

In the case of a 3-wire three-phase set-up where only two of the three current sensors required are connected, if these two sensors are of the same type and have the same ratio, the device simulates the third sensor by assuming the same characteristics as for the two others.

The various current sensors are:

MN93 clamp: 200 A. MN93A clamp: 100 A or 5 A.

C193 clamp: 1000 A.

AmpFLEX™ A193: 6500 A. MiniFLEX MA193: 6500 A.

PAC93 clamp: 1000 A.

E3N clamp: 100 A (sensitivity 10 mV/A). E3N clamp: 10 A (sensitivity 100 mV/A).

Three phase adapter: 5 A.

If an MN93A clamp, 5A range, or an Adapter is used, the current ratio setting is proposed automatically.

Use the arrow keys (,, , ) to deﬁne the transformation ratios between the primary current (1A to 60,000A) and the second- ary current (1A, 2A or 5A), then validate with the  key.

The primary current cannot be less than the secondary current.

4.7.2. VOLTAGE RATIOS

A second

The programming of the ratio or ratios can be different or the same for all or for some channels. The ratios to be programmed are phase-to-neutral voltage ratios when there is a neutral and phase-to-phase voltage ratios when there is not.

4.7.3. To change the ratios, press the  key.

screen, invoked by the V or U icon, deﬁnes the voltage ratios.

Page 29

Figure 26: the Voltage Ratios screen in the Sensors and

ratios menu in the case of a set-up without neutral

Use the arrow keys (,) to choose the conﬁguration of the ratios.

 3U 1/1 or 4V 1/1: all channels have the same 1/1 ratio.  3U or 4V: all channels have the same ratio, to be programmed.

 Press the

key, then use the , keys to highlight the ratio in yellow.



Figure 27: the Voltage Ratios screen in the Sensors and

ratios menu in the case of a set-up with neutral

 Press the

voltage is in V.

 3V + VN: all channels have the same ratio and the neutral has a different ratio.

Proceed as when there is only one ratio, but perform the operation twice.  U1+U2+U3 or V1+V2+V3+VN: each channel has a different ratio, to be programmed.

Proceed as when there is only one ratio, but perform the operation several times.

Validate with the  key. To return to the Conﬁguration menu, press

Note: the primary and secondary voltages can each be conﬁgured with a multiplier factor of 1/√3.

key, then use the ,, and  keys to change the ratio. The primary voltage is in kV and the secondary



4.8. CAPTURE MODE

The mode is used to conﬁgure the voltage thresholds, the current thresholds of the transient mode, and the current thresholds of the inrush current mode.

4.8.1. VOLTAGE THRESHOLDS OF THE TRANSIENT MODE

ﬁrst screen, displayed by pressing the V icon (or U, for set-ups without a neutral), is used to conﬁgure the voltage thresh-

A olds.

The thresholds programmed can be the same for all channels or different for some or all of them.

Figure 28: the Current thresholds screen in the Transient Mode menu

To change the voltage thresholds, press  .

Use the arrow keys (,) to choose conﬁguration of the thresholds.

Page 30

 4V or 3U: all channels have the same threshold.

 Press the

key, then use the , keys to highlight the value of the threshold in yellow.



 Press the

key, then use the ,, and  keys to change the threshold. The unit can be the V or the kV.



 3V + VN: all channels have the same ratio and the neutral has a different ratio.

Proceed as when there is only one ratio, but perform the operation twice.  V1+V2+V3+VN or U1+U2+U3: each channel has a different ratio, to be programmed.

Proceed as when there is only one ratio, but perform the operation several times.

Validate with the  key. To return to the Conﬁguration menu, press

Note: Changing the thresholds in the transient mode is impossible if the device is searching for transients.

4.8.2. CURRENT THRESHOLDS OF THE TRANSIENT MODE

A second

screen, displayed by pressing the A icon, is used to conﬁgure the current thresholds (independently of the current

sensors detected by the device).

The thresholds programmed can be the same for all channels or different for some or all of them.

Figure 29: the Voltage thresholds screen in the Transient Mode menu

To change the current thresholds, press  .

Use the arrow keys (,) to choose conﬁguration of the thresholds.

 4A: all current sensors have the same threshold.

 Press the

key, then use the , keys to highlight the value of the threshold in yellow.



key, then use the ,, and  keys to change the threshold. The unit can be the A, the kA or the mA.



 3A + AN: all current sensors have the same threshold and the one connected to the neutral has a different threshold.

Proceed as when there is only one ratio, but perform the operation twice.  A1+A2+A3+AN: each current sensor has a different threshold, to be programmed.

Proceed as when there is only one ratio, but perform the operation several times.

Validate with the  key. To return to the Conﬁguration menu, press .

Note: Changing the thresholds in the transient mode is impossible if the device is searching for transients.

Page 31

4.8.3. CURRENT THRESHOLDS OF THE INRUSH CURRENT MODE

A third screen, displayed by pressing the the triggering threshold and the inrush current capture stopping threshold (the stopping threshold being the triggering threshold less the hysteresis).

Figure 30: the Inrush Current Thresholds screen in the Inrush Current Mode menu

To change the inrush current triggering threshold, press the  key. Use the ,, and  keys to change the triggering threshold. The unit can be the A, the kA, or the mA. Press the  key, then use the , keys to highlight the hysteresis in yellow. Use the ,, and  keys to change the hysteresis and press the

Notes: for more information on the hysteresis, refer to §16.3. Conﬁguring the hysteresis at 100% is equivalent to not having a

stop threshold (see §16.7).

Changing the thresholds in inrush current mode is impossible if the device is in inrush current capture.

icon, is used to deﬁne the inrush current thresholds. This involves programming

 key to validate.

To return to the Conﬁguration menu, press

4.9. TREND MODE

The device has a recording function ( key, see §9), used to record measured and calculated values (Urms, Vrms, Arms, etc.).

Press the key of the

Figure 31: The ﬁrst screen of the Trend mode Figure 32: The second screen of the Trend mode

There are 4 possible programmable conﬁgurations other, use the

Conﬁguration mode and select the Trend Mode sub-menu.

, , and independent of one another. To go from one to the

or key.

To select the parameter to be recorded, move the yellow cursor to this parameter using the ,, and  keys then validate with the  key. The selected parameter is identiﬁed by a red spot. The frequency (Hz) is always selected (black spot).

Note: If a quantity is displayed in red, it means that it is incompatible with the conﬁguration chosen (connection selected, sensors

connected, ratios programmed, reference of the level of harmonics of the phases, breakdown of the non-active quantities). For example, if no current sensor is connected, all current quantities will be in red.

To select all of the parameters of a page, press the To unselect all of the parameters of a page, press the

key.

Page 32

To change conﬁguration pages, press the

The recordable values are:

Unit Designation

Urms RMS phase-to-phase voltage.

Udc RMS phase-to-neutral voltage.

Upk+ Maximum peak value of phase-to-phase voltage.

Upk- Minimum peak value of phase-to-phase voltage.

Ucf Crest (peak) factor of phase-to-phase voltage.

Uthdf Harmonic distortion of the phase-to-phase voltage with the RMS value of the fundamental as

reference. Uthdr Harmonic distortion of the phase-to-phase voltage with the total RMS value without DC as reference. Vrms RMS phase-to-neutral voltage.

Vdc DC phase-to-neutral voltage.

Vpk+ Maximum peak value of the phase-to-neutral voltage.

Vpk- Minimum peak value of the phase-to-neutral voltage.

Vcf Crest factor of phase-to-neutral voltage.

Vthdf Harmonic distortion of the phase-to-neutral voltage with the RMS value of the fundamental as

reference. Vthdr Harmonic distortion of the phase-to-neutral voltage with the total RMS value without DC as refer-

ence. Arms RMS current.

Adc DC current.

Apk+ Maximum peak value of the current.

Apk- Minimum peak value of the current.

Acf Crest factor of current. Athdf Harmonic distortion of the current with the RMS value of the fundamental as reference. Athdr Harmonic distortion of the current with the total RMS value without DC as reference.

W Active power.

Wdc DC power.

VAR Reactive or non-active power. VAD Distortion power.

VA Apparent power. PF Power factor.

cos Φ Cosine of the phase shift of the voltage with respect to the current (displacement factor or fun-

damental power factor – DPF).

tan Φ Tangent of the phase shift of the voltage with respect to the current.

PST Short-term ﬂicker.

PLT Long-term ﬂicker.

FHL Harmonic loss factor

FK K factor.

Vunb

or Uunb

Aunb Current unbalance.

Hz Network frequency.

U-h Harmonics in phase-to-phase voltage.

V-h Harmonics in phase-to-neutral voltage

A-h Harmonics in current.

VA-h Harmonics in power.

Phase-to-neutral voltage unbalance (set-up with neutral).Phase-to-phase voltage unbalance (setup without neutral).

or key.

Page 33

The four last lines involve the recording of the harmonics of U, V, A and VA. You can select a range of orders of the harmonics to be recorded (between 0 and 50) for each of these quantities, and within this range, if desired, only odd harmonics.

Note: The level of harmonics of order 01 will be displayed only if they concern values expressed in % r.

To change an order of harmonic, ﬁrst select the parameter to be recorded (identiﬁed by a red spot), then move the yellow cursor to this ﬁgure using the ,, and  keys, then validate with the  key. Change the value using the  and keys, then validate with the  key.

Figure 33: The second screen of the Trend Mode during modiﬁcation

Note: If a recording is in progress, the associated conﬁguration cannot be modiﬁed and the selected values are identiﬁed by

black spots.

To return to the Conﬁguration menu, press .

4.10. MODE ALARM MODE

The screen deﬁnes the alarms used by the Alarm Mode function (see §7).

You can deﬁne a alarm on each of the following parameters: Hz, Urms, Vrms, Arms, |Udc|, |Vdc|, |Adc|, |Upk+|, |Vpk+|, |Apk+|, |Upk-|, |Vpk-|, |Apk-|, Ucf, Vcf, Acf, Uthdf, Vthdf, Athdf, Uthdr, Vthdr, Athdr, |W|, |Wdc|, |VAR|, VAD, VA, |PF|, |cos Φ|, |tan Φ|, PST, PLT, FHL, FK, Vunb (or Uunb for a three-phase source without neutral), Aunb, U-h, V-h, A-h and |VA-h| (see the table of abbreviations in §2.9).

There are 40 programmable alarms.

To activate an alarm, move the yellow cursor to its number using the , keys, then validate with the  key. The active alarm is identiﬁed by a red spot. An alarm that is not programmed (“?”) cannot be activated.

To program the alarm, move the yellow cursor using the ,, and  keys, then validate with the  key. Change the value, then validate again.

Alarms active.

Alarm inactive.

Alarm not programmed.

Figure 34: The Alarm mode menu

Page 34

 The type of alarm.  The order of the harmonic (between 0 and 50), for |VA-h|, A-h, U-h and V-h only.  The target of the alarm:

 3L: 3 phases monitored individually,  N: monitoring of neutral,  4L: 3 phases and neutral monitored individually,  Σ: surveillance of the sum of the phases.

 The direction of the alarm (>or <) in the case of Hz, Urms, Vrms, Arms, |Udc|, |Vdc|, |Adc|, |Upk+|, |Vpk+|, |Apk+|, |Upk-|, |Vpk-|

and |Apk-|.

 The triggering threshold of the alarm (value and unit for Urms, Vrms, Arms, |Udc|, |Vdc|, |Adc|, |Upk+|, |Vpk+|, |Apk+|, |Upk-|,

|Vpk-|, |Apk-|, |W|, |Wdc|, |VAR|, VAD and VA).

 The triggering delay, or minimum duration above or below the alarm threshold: in minutes or seconds or, in the case of Vrms,

Urms and Arms (excluding the neutral), in hundredths of a second.

 The hysteresis: 1%, 2%, 5% or 10% (see §16.3).

To go from one page to the other, press the

or key.

Each overshoot of an alarm will be recorded in a campaign of alarms.

Notes: The display in red of an alarm line means that the programmed quantity and/or target is incompatible with the conﬁguration

chosen (connection selected, sensors connected, ratios programmed, calculation methods chosen).

The alarms on the level of harmonics of order 01 concern only the values expressed in % r.

If a search for alarms is in progress, the activated alarms cannot be modiﬁed and are identiﬁed by black spots. However, new alarms (not yet programmed or not activated) can be activated.

To return to the Conﬁguration menu, press

4.11. ERASE MEMORY

The menu partially or totally deletes the data recorded in the device.

Figure 35: Erase memory menu

To select an item to be erased, move the yellow cursor to it using the ,, and  keys, then validate with the  key. The item to be erased is identiﬁed by a red spot.

To select all items, press To unselect all items, press

To proceed with the erasure, press the key , then conﬁrm with the  key.

To return to the Conﬁguration menu, press .

Note: Which erasures are possible depends on the recordings in progress (recording, metering of energy, search for transients,

alarms, and/or inrush current acquisition).

Page 35

4.12. ABOUT

The About screen displays information concerning the device.

Figure 36: the About menu

To return to the Conﬁguration menu, press

Page 36

5. WAVEFORM CAPTURE

The Waveform capture mode is used to display and to capture transients and inrush currents.

It contains two sub-modes:

 The transient mode (see §5.1)  The inrush current mode (see §5.2)

Figure 37: the screen of the Waveform capture mode

To select a sub-mode, move the yellow cursor to it using the  and  keys, then validate with the  key.

To return to the Waveform capture screen, press

5.1. TRANSIENT MODE

The mode is used to record transients, to look up the list of recorded searches and the list of transients they contain, or erase them. You can record up to 7 detections and 210 transients.

When the Transient mode is invoked:

 If no recording has been made, then the Detection schedule screen is displayed.  If transients have been recorded, then the List of searches for transients is displayed.

Reminder of sub-mode used.

Display of the list of searches for

Memory indicator. The black bar represents memory used; the white bar represents memory available.

Shortcut to the Conﬁguration menu to set the voltage and current triggering thresholds (see §4.8).

transients (see §5.1.2).

Programming a search (see §5.1.1).

Starting a search.

Figure 38: the Detection schedule screen in Transient mode

Page 37

5.1.1. PROGRAMMING AND STARTING A SEARCH

To program a search for a transient, enter the start date and time, the stop date and time, the number of transients to search for, then the name of the search.

To change an item, move the yellow cursor to it using the  and  keys, then validate with the  key. Change the value using the ,, and  keys, then validate again.

The name can be at most 8 characters long. Several searches can bear the same name. The available alphanumeric characters are the uppercase letters from A to Z and the digits from 0 to 9. The last 5 names given (in the transient, trend, and alarm modes) are kept in memory. When a name is entered, it may then be completed automatically.

Notes: The start date and time must be later than the current date and time.

The stop date and time must be later than the start date and time.

Once the programming is done, start the search by pressing the search has been started. The

The message Detection on standby is displayed until the start time is reached. It is then replaced by the message Detection in progress. When the stop time is reached, the Detection schedule screen returns with the ??? key . It is then possible to program another search.

During a search for transients, only the stop date ﬁeld can be modiﬁed. It is automatically highlighted in yellow.

To return to the Waveform capture screen, press

5.1.2. DISPLAYING A TRANSIENT

To display the recorded transients, press

Display of sub-mode used.

Memory indicator. The black bar represents memory used; the white bar represents memory available.

key replaces the key and can be used to stop the search before it is ﬁnished.

. The List of Searches for Transients screen is displayed.

key. The icon of the status bar blinks to indicate that the

Figure 39: the screen of the List of Searches for Transients

If the stop date is in red, it means that it does not match the stop date initially programmed:

 either because of a power supply problem (battery low or disconnection of the device supplied by mains only),  or because the number of transients has been reached, thereby ending the search.

Page 38

To select a search for transients, move the cursor to it using the  and  keys. The selected search is bolded. Then validate with the  key. The device then displays a list of transients.

Triggering channel of the transient.

Transient number.

Name of the search for transients.

The

icon is used to activate or deactivate the choice of a transient list display ﬁlter.

Figure 40: The Transient list screen in the case of a 5-wire three-phase set-up

To select a transient, move the cursor to it using the  and  keys. The selected ﬁeld is bolded. Then validate with the  key. The device displays the transients in the form of curves.

Location in the record of the zone displayed.

Move the cursor to one period of the signal before the transient triggering time.

Transients display ﬁlter: ∀: all transients are displayed. 4 V: the transients triggered by an event in one of the 4 voltage channels are displayed. 4 A: the transients triggered by an event in one of the 4 current channels are displayed. L1, L2, or L3: the transients triggered by an event on a particular phase are displayed (voltage or current). N: the transients triggered by an event on the neutral current or neutral voltage are displayed.

Reminder of the number assigned to the curve displayed; here, identiﬁcation disc 1 is ﬁlled in to indicate that channel V1 triggered capture of the transient.

Selection of curves to be displayed.

Move the cursor to the transient triggering time.

Figure 41: example of display of transients in the form of curves with a 5-wire three-phase connection

Note: The curves to be displayed selection ﬁlter is dynamic and depends on the connection chosen. For example, it proposes

(3U, 3A) for a 3-wire three-phase set-up

To return to the Transient list screen, press .

5.1.3. DELETING A SEARCH FOR TRANSIENTS

When the list of searches for transients is displayed (see ﬁgure 39), select the search to be erased. This is done by moving the cursor to it using the  and  keys. The selected search is bolded.

Then press the

Note: A search for transients can be deleted only if it is not in progress.

To return to the Waveform capture screen, press the key.

5.1.4. DELETE A TRANSIENT

When the list of transients in a search is displayed (see ﬁgure 40), select the transient to be erased. This is done by moving the cursor to it using the  and  keys. The selected transient is bolded.

key. Press

to validate or to cancel.



Instantaneous value of the signals according to the position of the cursor on the scale. To move the cursor use the  or  key.

Then press the

To return to the Waveform capture screen, press the key .

key. Press

to validate or to cancel.



Page 39

5.2. INRUSH CURRENT MODE

Still in the mode, the sub-mode is used to capture (record) inrush currents (voltage and current waveforms, network frequency, half-cycle RMS voltages and currents except for the neutral) and to view and delete the recordings.

When the Inrush current mode is invoked:

 If no capture has been made, then the Capture schedule screen is displayed.  If a capture has been made, then the Capture characteristics screen is displayed.

5.2.1. PROGRAMMING THE CAPTURE

Display of sub-mode used.

Display of the characteristics of the capture (see §5.2.2).

Programming of the capture. Rapid programming and starting of a capture.

Shortcut to the Conﬁguration menu to set the triggering thresholds (see

§4.8).

Figure 42: the Capture schedule screen in Inrush current mode

To start recording rapidly, press the key. Recording starts immediately with a current threshold of 0 A and a hysteresis of 100%.

Start of the capture.

Attention: The rapid starting of an inrush current modiﬁes the conﬁguration of the current threshold..

To program a capture, enter the triggering ﬁlter (3A, A1, A2, or A3), the start date and time, and the recording mode (RMS + PEAK or RMS only).

 The RMS + PEAK recording mode is used to produce a trend recording of the half-period RMS values and a trend recording

of the samples (envelopes and waveforms). The maximum duration of such a recording depends on the frequency and is on average about one minute.

 In the RMS only recording mode, the recording of the samples is eliminated in favour of a longer maximum capture duration.

This mode records only the half-period RMS values and its maximum duration is about ten minutes.

To modify an item, move the yellow cursor to it using the  and  keys, then validate with the  key. Change the value using the ,, and  keys, then validate again.

Notes: The display of the triggering ﬁlter in red means that it is not available because of an incompatibility with the conﬁguration

(connection, type of sensors, or current ratio).

For more information on the triggering ﬁlter, refer to §16.7.

It is not possible to program an alarm campaign if an inrush current capture is in progress.

Once the programming is done, start the capture by pressing the capture has been started. The

Attention: The voltage must be present before the inrush current strictly speaking for a stable and correct frequency lock.

The message capture pending is displayed until the start time is reached and the triggering conditions are satisﬁed. It is then replaced by the message Capture in progress. The memory occupation indicator appears at the top of the screen. The indicator disappears when the capture is completed.

key replaces the key and can be used to stop the capture before it is ﬁnished.

key. The icon of the status bar blinks to indicate that the

If the capture is completed with a stop event (see conditions in §16.7) or if the recording memory of the device is full, the capture stops automatically.

Note: The device can keep in memory only a single inrush current capture. If you wish to make another capture, ﬁrst delete the

previous one.

To return to the Waveform capture screen, press .

Page 40

5.2.2. DISPLAYING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CAPTURE

To display the characteristics of the capture, press

Display in PEAK mode (see §5.2.4).

Display in RMS mode (see §5.2.3).

Figure 43: The Capture parameters screen

If a capture duration is displayed in red, it means that it has been cut short:

 because of a power supply problem (battery low),  or because the memory is full.  or because of a measurement error.  or because of an incompatibility between the quantity monitored and the conﬁguration of the device (for example withdrawal

of a current sensor).

Choose the type of display, RMS or PEAK, by pressing the yellow key corresponding to the icon. The device then displays the curves.

. The Capture parameters screen is displayed.

Note: the PEAK key is not displayed when the inrush current capture recording mode is RMS only.

5.2.3. TRUE RMS CURRENT AND VOLTAGE

The RMS mode displays the record of the trend of the true half-cycle RMS current and voltage and the frequency trend curve.

The display depends on the type of selection ﬁlter:

3V: displays the 3 voltages during the inrush current capture for set-ups with neutral. 3U: displays the 3 voltages during the inrush current capture for set-ups without neutral. 3A: displays the 3 currents during the inrush current capture. L1, L2, L3: display the current and voltage in phases 1, 2 and 3 respectively (for set-ups with neutral only). Hz: displays the evolution of the network frequency vs. time.

Below, three examples of display.

5.2.3.1. The 3A RMS display screen for a three-phase connection with neutral

Location of the zone displayed in the record.

Scale of values in amperes.

Time cursor. Use the  or  key to move the cursor.

MAX: maximum half-cycle RMS

value of the inrush current capture.

Reminder of number assigned to

the curve displayed. Here, identiﬁ-

cation disc 1 is ﬁlled in, indicating

that channel A1 triggered the inrush

current capture.

t: relative time position of the cursor (t=0 corresponds to the start of the inrush current capture).

Figure 44: The 3A RMS display screen for a three-phase connection with neutral

A1, A2, A3: RMS values of currents

1, 2, and 3 in the half-cycle at the

position of the cursor.

Page 41

5.2.3.2. The 3A RMS display screen for a three-phase connection without neutral

Figure 45: The 3A RMS display screen for a three-phase connection without neutral

5.2.3.3. The L1 RMS display screen for a three-phase connection with neutral

MAX: maximum half-cycle RMS

value of the inrush current capture.

t: relative time position of the cursor (t=0 corresponds to the start of the inrush current capture).

Figure 46: The L1 RMS display screen for a three-phase connection with neutral

Note: Filters L2 and L3 are used to display the recording of the true half-cycle RMS current and voltage of phases 2 and 3. The

screen is identical to the one displayed for ﬁlter L1.

The value.

5.2.3.4. The RMS display screen in Hz for a three-phase connection without neutral

, , and keys are used to go to the ﬁrst occurrence of a minimum or maximum voltage or current

Time cursor of the curve. Use the 

or  key to move the cursor.

V1: RMS value of voltage 1 in the

half-cycle at the position of the

cursor.

A1: RMS value of current 1 in the half-

cycle at the position of the cursor.

The

Figure 47: The Hz RMS display screen for a three-phase connection without neutral

and keys are used to go to the ﬁrst occurrence of a minimum or maximum frequency value.

Page 42

5.2.4. INSTANTANEOUS INRUSH CURRENT

The PEAK mode is used to display the envelopes and waveforms of the inrush current capture.

The PEAK display of an inrush current capture provides two possible representations:

 envelope  waveform.

The change from one of these representations to the other is automatic, as a function of the zoom level. If the zoom in is high enough, the representation is of the “waveform” type.

The display depends on the type of display ﬁlter:

4V: displays the 4 voltages during the inrush current capture for set-ups with neutral (for a waveform type display only). 3U: displays the 3 voltages during the inrush current capture for set-ups without neutral (for a waveform type display only). 4A: displays the 4 currents during the inrush current capture (for a waveform type display only). L1, L2 or L3: display the voltage and current of phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively (only for set-ups with neutral and for a waveform

type display).

N: displays the neutral current and neutral voltage during the inrush current capture (for a waveform type display only). V1, V2, V3: displays the 3 voltages during the inrush current capture for set-ups with neutral (for an envelope type display only). U1, U2, U3: displays the 3 voltages during the inrush current capture for set-ups without neutral (for an envelope type display only). A1, A2, A3: displays the 3 currents during the inrush current capture (for an envelope type display only).

Below, three examples of display.

5.2.4.1. The 4A PEAK display screen for a 5-wire three-phase connection

Location of the zone displayed in the record.

MAX |PEAK|: absolute value.

Scale of values in amperes.

Time cursor. Use the  or  key to move the cursor.

t: relative time position of the cursor (t=0 corresponds to the start of the inrush current capture).

Figure 48: The 4A PEAK display screen for a 5-wire three-phase connection

5.2.4.2. The 3A PEAK display screen for a 3-wire three-phase connection

Reminder of number assigned to the

curve displayed. Here, identiﬁcation

disc 3 is ﬁlled in to indicate that

channel A3 triggered capture of the

inrush current.

A1, A2, A3: instantaneous values of

currents 1, 2, and 3 at the position

of the cursor.

Figure 49: The 3A PEAK display screen for a 3-wire three-phase connection

Page 43

5.2.4.3. The A1 PEAK display screen for a three-phase connection without neutral

In the case shown, there is enough zoom out to force the envelope type of representation.

MAX |PEAK|: maximum instantaneous absolute value of the inrush current capture.

t: relative time position of the cursor (t=0 corresponds to the start of the inrush current capture). A1: maximum instantaneous current of the half-cycle identiﬁed by the cursor.

Figure 50: The A1 PEAK display screen for a three-phase connection without neutral

Note: Filters A2 and A3 display the record of the current envelope of phases 2 and 3. The screen is identical to the one displayed

for ﬁlter A1.

Time cursor of the curve. Use the 

or  key to move the cursor.

Page 44

6. HARMONIC

The Harmonic mode displays a representation of the harmonic levels of the voltage, current, and apparent power, order by order. It can be used to determine the harmonic currents produced by nonlinear loads and analyze problems caused by harmonics according to their order (overheating of neutrals, conductors, motors, etc.).

Analysis of the apparent power of the harmonics (see §6.3).

Analysis of harmonics of the current (see §6.2).

Analysis of harmonics of the phaseto-neutral voltage (see §6.1).

Figure 51: Harmonics mode screen

Select the filters and the expert

mode (see §6.5). Use the  or 

key to select the display.

Analysis of the harmonics of the

phase-to-phase voltage (see §6.4).

6.1. PHASE-TO-NEUTRAL VOLTAGE

The V sub-menu displays the harmonics of the phase-to-neutral voltage only for sources having a neutral.

The choice of curves to be displayed depends on the type of connection (see §4.6):

 Single-phase, 2-wire: no choice (L1)  Single-phase, 3-wire: L1, N  Split-phase, 3-wire: 2L, L1, L2  Split-phase, 4-wire: 2L, L1, L2, N  Three-phase, 4-wire: 3L, L1, L2, L3, -,+  Three-phase, 5-wire: 3L, L1, L2, L3, N, -,+

The screen captures shown as examples are those obtained with a 5-wire three-phase connection.

6.1.1. THE 3L PHASE-TO-NEUTRAL VOLTAGE HARMONICS DISPLAY SCREEN

This information concerns the harmonic pointed to by the cursor.

V-h03: harmonic number. %: level of harmonics with the fun-

damental RMS value as reference (%f) or the (total) RMS value as reference (%r). V: RMS voltage of the harmonic in question. +000: phase shift with respect to the fundamental (order 1).

Harmonic selection cursor. Use the  or  key to move the cursor.

Figure 52: example of 3L phase-to-neutral voltage harmonics display

Display of the 3 phases 3L, of L1,

L2, L3, N, or of the expert mode

(three-phase connection only - see

§6.5). To select the display press the

 or  key.

The horizontal axis indicates the

orders of the harmonics. The level of

the harmonic is given as a percent-

age with respect to the fundamental

or to the total RMS value.

DC: DC component. 1 to 25: har-

monics of order 1 to 25. When the

cursor exceeds order 25, order 26

to 50 appears.

Page 45

6.1.2. THE L1 PHASE VOLTAGE HARMONICS DISPLAY SCREEN

This information concerns the harmonic pointed to by the cursor.

V-h03: harmonic number. %: level of harmonics with the fun-

damental RMS value as reference (%f) or the (total) RMS value as reference (%r). V: RMS voltage of the harmonic in question. +000: phase shift with respect to the fundamental (order 1). max – min: maximum and minimum levels of the harmonic in question. They are reset when the harmonic number is changed or the  key is pressed.

THD: total harmonic distortion. Vd: RMS distortion voltage.

Figure 53: example of display of harmonics of L1 phase-to-neutral voltage

Notes: Filters L2 and L3 display the harmonics of the phase-to-neutral voltage for phases 2 and 3, respectively. The screen is

identical to the one displayed for ﬁlter L1.

There is no phase shift or distortion value for the neutral channel.

Harmonic selection cursor. Use the  or  key to move the cursor.

Display of the 3 phases 3L, of L1, L2,

L3, N, or of the expert mode (three-

phase connection only - see §6.5).

To select the display press  or .

The horizontal axis indicates the

orders of the harmonics. The level of

the harmonic is given as a percent-

age with respect to the fundamental

or to the total RMS value.

DC: DC component.

1 to 25: harmonics of order 1 to 25.

When the cursor exceeds order 25,

order 26 to 50 appears.

Indicator of the presence of non-zero

harmonics of order higher than 25.

6.2. CURRENT

The A sub-menu displays the harmonics of the current.

6.2.1. THE 3L CURRENT HARMONICS DISPLAY SCREEN

This information concerns the harmonic pointed to by the cursor.

A-h05: harmonic number. %: level of harmonics with the fun-

damental RMS value as reference (%f) or the (total) RMS value as reference (%r). A: RMS current of the harmonic in question. +000: phase shift with respect to the fundamental (order 1).

Harmonic selection cursor. Use the  or  key to move the cursor.

Figure 54: example of 3L display of current harmonics

Display of the 3 phases 3L, of L1, L2,

L3, N, or of the expert mode (three-

phase connection only - see §6.5).

To select the display press  or .

The horizontal axis indicates the

orders of the harmonics. The level of

the harmonic is given as a percent-

age with respect to the fundamental

or to the total RMS value.

Rang DC: DC component.

1 to 25: harmonics of order 1 to 25.

When the cursor exceeds order 25,

order 26 to 50 appears.

Page 46

6.2.2. THE L1 CURRENT HARMONICS DISPLAY SCREEN

This information concerns the harmonic pointed to by the cursor.

A-h05: harmonic number. %: level of harmonics with the fun-

damental RMS value as reference (%f) or the (total) RMS value as reference (%r). A: RMS current of the harmonic in question. +000°: phase shift with respect to the fundamental (order 1). max – min: maximum and minimum levels of the harmonic in question. They are reset when the harmonic number is changed or the  key is pressed

THD: total harmonic distortion. Ad: RMS distortion current.

Notes: Filters L2 and L3 display the current harmonics of phases 2 and 3, respectively. The screen is identical to the one dis-

played for ﬁlter L1.

There is no phase shift or distortion value for the neutral channel.

Harmonic selection cursor. Use the  or  key to move the cursor.

Figure 55: example of L1 display of harmonics of current

Display of the 3 phases 3L, of L1, L2,

L3, N, or of the expert mode (three-

phase connection only - see §6.5).

To select the display press  or .

The horizontal axis indicates the

orders of the harmonics. The level of

the harmonic is given as a percent-

age with respect to the fundamental

or to the total RMS value.

Rang DC: DC component.

1 to 25: harmonics of order 1 to 25.

When the cursor exceeds order 25,

order 26 to 50 appears.

6.3. APPARENT POWER

The VA sub-menu displays the harmonics of the apparent power, for all connections except 3-wire three-phase.

The horizontal axis indicates the orders of the harmonics. The bars of the bar chart above the horizontal centreline signify harmonic power consumed, those below it harmonic power generated.

6.3.1. THE 3L APPARENT POWER HARMONICS DISPLAY SCREEN

This information concerns the harmonic pointed to by the cursor.

VA-h03: harmonic number. %: level of harmonics with the funda-

mental apparent power as reference (%f) or the (total) apparent power as reference (%r). +000: phase shift of the voltage harmonic with respect to the current harmonic for the order in question.

: Indicator of energy generated

for this harmonic.

: Indicator of energy consumed

for this harmonic.

Harmonic selection cursor. Use the  or  key to move the cursor.

Display of the 3 phases 3L, of L1,

L2 or L3. To select the display press

the  or .

The horizontal axis indicates the

orders of the harmonics. The level of

the harmonic is given as a percent-

age of the fundamental apparent

power or the (total) apparent power.

Rang DC: DC component.

1 to 25: harmonics of order 1 to 25.

When the cursor exceeds order 25,

order 26 to 50 appears.

Figure 56: example of 3L apparent power harmonics display

Page 47

6.3.2. THE L1 APPARENT POWER HARMONICS DISPLAY SCREEN

This information concerns the harmonic pointed to by the cursor.

VA-h03: harmonic number. %: level of harmonics with the

fundamental apparent power as reference (%f) or the (total) apparent power as reference (%r). +000: phase shift of the voltage harmonic with respect to the current harmonic for the order in question. min–max: maximum and minimum levels of the harmonic in question. They are reset when the harmonic number is changed or the  key is pressed.

Figure 57: example of L1 apparent power of harmonics display

Note: Filters L2 and L3 display the apparent power of the harmonics for phases 2 and 3, respectively. The screen is identical to

the one displayed for ﬁlter L1.

Harmonic selection cursor. Use the  or  key to move the cursor.

Display of the 3 phases 3L, of L1,

L2 or L3. To select the display press

the  or .

The horizontal axis indicates the

orders of the harmonics. The level of

the harmonic is given as a percent-

age of the fundamental apparent

power or the (total) apparent power.

Rang DC: DC component.

1 to 25: harmonics of order 1 to 25.

When the cursor exceeds order 25,

order 26 to 50 appears.

Indicator of energy consumed

for this harmonic.

6.4. PHASE-TO-PHASE VOLTAGE

The U sub-menu is available for all connections except 2- or 3-wire single-phase.. This sub-menu displays the harmonics of the phase-to-phase voltage.

6.4.1. THE 3L PHASE-TO-PHASE VOLTAGE HARMONICS DISPLAY SCREEN

This information concerns the harmonic pointed to by the cursor.

U-h03: harmonic number. %: level of harmonics with the fun-

damental RMS value as reference (%f) or the (total) RMS value as reference (%r). V: RMS voltage of the harmonic in question. +000: phase shift with respect to the fundamental (order 1).

Harmonic selection cursor. Use the  or  key to move the cursor.

Figure 58: example of 3L phase-to-phase voltage harmonics display

Display of the 3 phases 3L, of L1,

L2, L3. To select the display press

 or .

The horizontal axis indicates the

orders of the harmonics. The level of

the harmonic is given as a percent-

age with respect to the fundamental

or to the total RMS value.

Rang DC: DC component.

1 to 25: harmonics of order 1 to 25.

When the cursor exceeds order 25,

order 26 to 50 appears.

Page 48

6.4.2. THE L1 PHASE-TO-PHASE VOLTAGE HARMONICS DISPLAY SCREEN

This information concerns the harmonic pointed to by the cursor.

Uh 03: harmonic number. %: level of harmonics with the fun-

damental RMS value as reference (%f) or the (total) RMS value as reference (%r). V: RMS voltage of the harmonic in question. +000°: phase shift with respect to the fundamental (order 1). max – min: indicators of the maximum and minimum of the level of harmonics or by pressing the

THD: total harmonic distortion. Ud: phase-to-phase RMS distortion

voltage.

Note: Filters L2 and L3 display the phase-to-phase voltage harmonics for phases 2 and 3, respectively. The screen is identical

to the one displayed for ﬁlter L1.

key.



Figure 59: example of L1 phase-to-phase voltage harmonics display

Harmonic selection cursor. Use the  or  key to move the cursor.

Display of the 3 phases 3L, of L1,

L2 or L3. To select the display press

 or .

The horizontal axis indicates the

orders of the harmonics. The level of

the harmonic is given as a percent-

age with respect to the fundamental

or to the total RMS value.

Rang DC: DC component.

1 to 25: harmonics of order 1 to 25.

When the cursor exceeds order 25,

order 26 to 50 appears.

6.5. EXPERT MODE

The Expert mode is available with a three-phase connection only. It is used to display the inﬂuence of the harmonics on the heating of the neutral and on rotating machines. To display expert mode press the  or  key of the keypad. The selection is highlighted in yellow and the screen simultaneously displays the expert mode.

From this screen, two sub-menus are available:

 V for three-phase set-ups with neutral or U for the three-phase set-up without neutral.  A for the expert mode in current.

6.5.1. THE PHASE-TO-NEUTRAL VOLTAGE EXPERT MODE DISPLAY SCREEN

For three-phase set-ups with neutral, the V sub-menu displays the inﬂuence of the harmonics of the phase-to-neutral voltage on the heating of the neutral and on rotating machines.

Harmonics inducing a negative sequence.

Harmonics inducing a zero sequence.

Harmonics inducing a positive sequence.

%: level of harmonics with the fundamental RMS value as reference (%f) or the (total) RMS value as reference (%r).

Figure 60: The phase-to-neutral voltage expert mode screen (three-phase set-ups with neutral)

For three-phase set-ups without neutral, the U sub-menu displays the inﬂuence of the harmonics of the phase-to-phase voltage on the heating of revolving machines.

Page 49

6.5.2. THE CURRENT EXPERT MODE DISPLAY SCREEN

The A sub-menu displays the inﬂuence of the harmonics of the current on the heating of the neutral and on rotating machines.

Harmonics inducing a negative sequence.

Harmonics inducing a zero sequence.

Harmonics inducing a positive se-

quence.

%: level of harmonics with the fun-

damental RMS value as reference

(%f) or the (total) RMS value as

reference (%r).

Figure 61: the current expert mode screen

Page 50

7. WAVEFORM

The Waveform key is used to display the current and voltage curves, along with the values measured and those calculated from the voltages and currents (except for power, energy, and harmonics). This is the screen that appears when the device is powered up.

Display of the maximum and minimum RMS values and of the peak values (see §7.4).

Selection of the display ﬁlters. Use

the  or  key to select the display.

Measurement of the peak factor (see §7.3).

Simultaneous display of the follow-

ing measurements: RMS, DC, THD,

Measurement of total harmonic

CF, PST, PLT, FHL and FK (see §7.5)

distortion (see §7.2).

Display of the Fresnel diagram of the

Measurement of the true RMS value

signals (see §7.6).

(see §7.1).

Figure 62: Waveform mode screen

7.1. MEASUREMENT OF TRUE RMS VALUE

The RMS sub-menu displays the waveforms over one period of the signals measured and the true RMS voltage and current.

The choice of curves to be displayed depends on the type of connection (see §4.6):

 Single-phase, 2-wire or Split-phase, 2-wire: no choice (L1)  Single-phase, 3-wire:

 For RMS, THD, CF, and : L1 and N  For : no choice (L1)

 Split-phase, 3-wire:

 For RMS, THD, CF, and : U, 2V, 2A, L1, L2  For : 2V, 2A, L1, L2

 Split-phase, 4-wire:

 For RMS, THD, CF, and : U, 3V, 3A, L1, L2 N  For : 2V, 2A, L1, L2

 Three-phase, 3wire: 3U, 3A  Three-phase, 4-wire: 3U, 3V, 3A, L1, L2, L3  Three-phase, 5-wire:

 For RMS, THD, CF, and : 3U, 4V, 4A, L1, L2, L3 and N  For: 3U, 3V, 3A, L1, L2 and L3

The screen snapshots shown as examples are those obtained with a three-phase 5-wire connection.

Page 51

7.1.1. THE 3U RMS DISPLAY SCREEN

This screen displays the three phase-to-neutral voltages of a three-phase system.

RMS phase-to-phase voltages.

Instantaneous values of the signals

at the position of the cursor.

t: time relative to the start of the

Voltage axis with automatic scaling.

period.

U1: instantaneous phase-to-phase

voltage between phases 1 and 2

(U12). Instantaneous value cursor. Use the  or  key to move the cursor.

U2: instantaneous phase-to-phase

voltage between phases 2 and 3

U3: instantaneous phase-to-phase

voltage between phases 3 and 1

(U31).

Figure 63: The 3U RMS display screen

7.1.2. THE 4V RMS DISPLAY SCREEN

This screen displays the three phase-to-neutral voltages and the neutral-to-earth voltage of a three-phase system.

Instantaneous values of the signals

RMS phase-to-neutral voltages.

at the position of the cursor.

t: time relative to the start of the

period.

Voltage axis with automatic scaling.

V1: instantaneous phase-to-neutral

voltage of curve 1.

V2: instantaneous phase-to-neutral

Instantaneous value cursor. Use the  or  key to move the cursor.

voltage of curve 2.

V3: instantaneous phase-to-neutral

voltage of curve 3.

VN: instantaneous value of the neu-

tral voltage.

Figure 64: The 4V RMS display screen

7.1.3. THE 4A RMS DISPLAY SCREEN

This screen displays the three phase currents and the neutral current of a three-phase system.

RMS currents.

Instantaneous values of the signals

at the intersection of the cursor and

of the curves.

Current axis with automatic scaling.

t: time relative to the start of the

period.

A1: instantaneous current of phase

1. Instantaneous value cursor. Use the  or  key to move the cursor.

A2: instantaneous current of phase

A3: instantaneous current of phase

AN: instantaneous value of the neutral current.

Figure 65: The 4A RMS display screen

Page 52

7.1.4. THE RMS DISPLAY SCREEN FOR THE NEUTRAL

This screen displays the neutral voltage with respect to earth and the neutral current.

RMS voltage and current.

Instantaneous values of the signals

at the position of the cursor. Current and voltage axis with automatic scaling.

t: time relative to the start of the

period.

VN: instantaneous neutral voltage.

AN: instantaneous neutral current.

Instantaneous value cursor. Use the  or  key to move the cursor.

Figure 66: The RMS display screen for the neutral

Note: Filters L1, L2, and L3 display the current and voltage in phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The screen is identical to the one

displayed for the neutral.

7.2. MEASUREMENT OF TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION

The THD sub-menu displays the waveforms of the signals measured over one full cycle and the total voltage and current harmonic distortion. The levels are displayed either with the fundamental RMS value as reference (%f) or with the RMS value without DC as reference (%r), depending on which reference is chosen in the conﬁguration menu.

7.2.1. THE 3U THD DISPLAY SCREEN

This screen displays the phase-to-phase voltage waveforms for one period and the total harmonic distortion values.

Harmonic distortion for each curve.

Instantaneous values of the signals

at the position of the cursor.

t: time relative to the start of the

Voltage axis with automatic scaling.

period.

U1: instantaneous phase-to-phase

voltage between phases 1 and 2

Instantaneous value cursor. Use the  or  key to move the cursor.

U2: instantaneous phase-to-phase

voltage between phases 2 and 3

(U23).

U3: instantaneous phase-to-phase

voltage between phases 3 and 1

(U31).

Figure 67: The 3U THD display screen en 3U

7.2.2. THE 4V THD DISPLAY SCREEN

This screen displays the phase-to-neutral voltage waveforms for one period and the total harmonic distortion values.

Harmonic distortion for each curve.

Instantaneous values of the signals

at the position of the cursor.

t: time relative to the start of the

Voltage axis with automatic scaling.

period.

V1: instantaneous phase-to-neutral

voltage of curve 1.

Instantaneous value cursor. Use the  or  key to move the cursor.

V2: instantaneous phase-to-neutral

voltage of curve 2.

V3: instantaneous phase-to-neutral

voltage of curve 3.

VN: instantaneous value of the neu-

tral voltage.

Figure 68: the 4V THD display screen

Page 53

7.2.3. THE 4A THD DISPLAY SCREEN

This screen displays the phase current waveforms for one period and the total harmonic distortion values.

Harmonic distortion for each curve.

Instantaneous values of the signals

at the position of the cursor.

t: time relative to the start of the Current axis with automatic scaling.

period.

A1: instantaneous current of phase

Instantaneous value cursor. Use the  or  key to move the cursor.

A2: instantaneous current of phase

A3: instantaneous current of phase

AN: instantaneous value of the neu-

tral current.

Figure 69: The 4A THD display screen

Note: Filters L1, L2, L3 and N display the total current and voltage harmonic distortion for phases 1, 2 and 3 and the neutral channel.

7.3. MEASUREMENT OF THE PEAK FACTOR

The CF sub-menu displays the waveforms of the signals measured over one period and the voltage and current peak factors.

7.3.1. THE 3U CF DISPLAY SCREEN

This screen displays the phase-to-phase voltage waveforms of one period and the peak factors.

Peak factor for each curve.

Instantaneous values of the signals

at the position of the cursor.

t: time relative to the start of the

Voltage axis with automatic scaling.

period.

U1: instantaneous phase-to-phase

voltage between phases 1 and2 (U

U2: instantaneous phase-to-phase Instantaneous value cursor. Use the  or  key to move the cursor.

voltage between phases 2 and 3 (U23).

U3: instantaneous phase-to-phase

voltage between phases 3 and 1 (U31).

Figure 70: The 3U CF display screen

7.3.2. THE 4V CF DISPLAY SCREEN

This screen displays the phase-to-neutral voltage waveforms of one period and the peak factors.

Peak factor for each curve.

Instantaneous values of the signals

at the position of the cursor.

t: time relative to the start of the

period. Voltage axis with automatic scaling.

V1: instantaneous phase-to-neutral

voltage of curve 1.

V2: instantaneous phase-to-neutral

Instantaneous value cursor. Use the  or  key to move the cursor.

voltage of curve 2.

V3: instantaneous phase-to-neutral

voltage of curve 3.

VN: instantaneous value of the

phase-to-neutral voltage of the

neutral.

Figure 71: The 3V CF display screen

Page 54

7.3.3. THE 4A CF DISPLAY SCREEN

This screen displays the current waveforms of one period and the peak factors.

Peak factor for each curve.

Current axis with automatic scaling.

Instantaneous value cursor. Use the  or  key to move the cursor.

Figure 72: The 4A CF display screen

Note: L1, L2, L3 and N display the current and voltage peak factors for phases 1, 2 and 3, respectively and the neutral channel.

Instantaneous values of the signals

at the position of the cursor.

t: time relative to the start of the

period.

A1: instantaneous current of phase 1.

A2: instantaneous current of phase 2.

A3: instantaneous current of phase 3.

AN: instantaneous value of the cur-

rent of the neutral.

7.4. MEASUREMENT OF EXTREME AND MEAN VOLTAGE AND CURRENT

The sub-menu displays the one-second mean and half-cycle maximum and minimum RMS voltage and current and the instantaneous positive and negative peak voltage and current.

Note: The MAX. and MIN. RMS measurements are calculated every half cycle (i.e. every 10 ms for a 50-Hz signal). The measure-

ments are refreshed every 250 ms.

7.4.1. THE 3U MAX.-MIN. DISPLAY SCREEN

This screen displays the one-second mean and half-cycle maximum and minimum RMS values and the positive and negative phase-to-phase voltage peaks.

Columns of values for each curve (1, 2, and 3). MAX: maximum RMS phase-to-phase voltage since the switching on of the device or since the last time the  key was pressed.

RMS: true RMS phase-to-phase voltage. MIN: minimum RMS phase-to-phase voltage since the switching on of the device

or since the last time the  key was pressed. PK+: maximum (positive) peak phase-to-phase voltage since the switching on of the device or since the last time the  key was pressed. PK-: minimum (negative) peak phase-to-phase voltage since the switching on of the device or since the last time the  key was pressed.

Figure 73: The 3U Max.-Min. display screen

Page 55

7.4.2. THE 4V MAX.-MIN. DISPLAY SCREEN

This screen displays the one-second mean and half-cycle maximum and minimum RMS values and the positive and negative peaks of the phase-to-neutral voltages and of the neutral.

Column of values for the neutral: RMS, PEAK+ and PEAK- parameters.

Columns of values for each voltage curve (1, 2 and 3). MAX: maximum RMS phase-to-neutral voltage since the switching on of the device or since the last time the  key was pressed.

RMS: true RMS phase-to-neutral voltage. MIN: minimum RMS phase-to-neutral voltage since the switching on of the device

or since the last time the  key was pressed. PK+: maximum peak phase-to-neutral voltage since the switching on of the device or since the last time the  key was pressed. PK-: minimum peak phase-to-neutral voltage since the switching on of the device or since the last time the  key was pressed.

Figure 74: The 4V Max.-Min. display screen

7.4.3. THE 4A MAX.-MIN. DISPLAY SCREEN

This screen displays the one-second mean and half-cycle maximum and minimum RMS values and the positive and negative peak values of the phase and neutral currents.

Column of values for the neutral: RMS, PEAK+ and PEAK- parameters.

Columns of values for each current curve (1, 2 and 3). MAX: maximum RMS current since the switching on of the device or since the last time the  key was pressed.

RMS: true RMS current. MIN: minimum RMS current since the switching on of the device or since the last

time the  key was pressed. PK+: maximum peak current since the switching on of the device or since the last time the  key was pressed. PK-: minimum peak current since the switching on of the device or since the last time the  key was pressed.

Figure 75: The 4A Max.-Min. display screen

7.4.4. THE L1 MAX.-MIN. DISPLAY SCREEN

This screen displays the one-second mean and half-cycle maximum and minimum RMS values and the positive and negative peaks of the phase-to-neutral voltage and of the current of phase 1.

The same information as for the phase-to-neutral voltage, but for the current.

Column of voltage values. MAX: maximum RMS phase-to-neutral voltage since the switching on of the device or since the last time the  key was pressed.

RMS: true RMS phase-to-neutral voltage. MIN: minimum RMS phase-to-neutral voltage since the switching on of the device

or since the last time the  key was pressed. PK+: phase-to-neutral maximum peak voltage since the switching on of the device or since the last time the  key was pressed. PK-: phase-to-neutral minimum peak voltage since the switching on of the device or since the last time the  key was pressed.

Figure 76: The L1 Max.-Min. display screen

Note: L2 and L3 display the RMS, maximum, minimum, and mean values and the positive and negative peak values of the phase-

to-neutral voltage and of the current for phases 2 and 3, respectively.

Page 56

7.4.5. THE NEUTRAL MAX.-MIN. DISPLAY SCREEN

This screen displays the RMS values and the positive and negative peaks of the neutral relative to earth.

Column of voltage values.

RMS: true RMS voltage. PK+: maximum peak voltage since

the switching on of the device or since the last time the  key was pressed. PK-: minimum peak voltage since the switching on of the device or since the last time the  key was pressed.

Figure 77: The neutral Max.-Min. display screen

The same information as for the volt-

age, but for the current.

7.5. SIMULTANEOUS DISPLAY

The sub-menu displays all of the voltage and current measurements (RMS, DC, THD, CF, PST, PLT, FHL and FK).

7.5.1. 3U SIMULTANEOUS DISPLAY SCREEN

This screen displays the RMS, DC, THD, and CF values of the phase-to-phase voltages.

Column of phase-to-phase voltages (phases 1, 2, and 3).

RMS: true RMS value calculated over 1 second. DC: DC component. THD: total harmonic distortion with the fundamental RMS value as reference (%f)

or with the total RMS value without DC as reference (%r). CF: peak factor calculated over 1 second.

Figure 78: 3U simultaneous display screen

7.5.2. 4V SIMULTANEOUS DISPLAY SCREEN

This screen displays the RMS, DC, THD, CF, PST and PLT values of the phase-to-neutral voltages and of the neutral.

RMS: true RMS value calculated over 1 second. DC: DC component. THD: total harmonic distortion with the fundamental RMS value as reference (%f)

or with the total RMS value without DC as reference (%r).

CF: peak factor calculated over 1 second. PST: short-term ﬂicker calculated over 10 minutes. PLT: long-term ﬂicker calculated over 2 hours.

Column of RMS and DC values along with the CF and the THD (%r) concerning the neutral.

Figure 79: 4V simultaneous display screen

Page 57

7.5.3. 4A SIMULTANEOUS DISPLAY SCREEN

This screen displays the RMS, DC (only if at least one of the current sensors can measure direct current), THD, CF, FHL and FK values of the phase and neutral currents.

Columns of current values (phases 1, 2 and 3).

RMS: true RMS value calculated over 1 second. DC: DC component. THD: total harmonic distortion with the fundamental RMS value as reference (%f)

or with the total RMS value without DC as reference (%r).

CF: peak factor calculated over 1 second. FHL: harmonic loss factor. For the oversizing of transformers to allow for harmonics. FK: K factor.

Column of RMS values and (if the current sensor allows) DC values along with the CF and the THD (%r) concerning the neutral.

Figure 80: 4A simultaneous display screen

Note: To make it possible to adjust the zero of current sensors measuring DC, the DC values are never cancelled.

7.5.4. L1 SIMULTANEOUS DISPLAY SCREEN

This screen displays the RMS, DC, THD, and CF values of the phase-to-neutral voltage and of the current, PST and PLT of the phase-to-neutral voltage, and FHL and FK of the current for phase 1.

Column of voltage values simple. RMS: true RMS value calculated over 1 second.

DC: DC component. THD: total harmonic distortion with

the fundamental RMS value as reference (%f) or with the total RMS value without DC as reference (%r). CF: peak factor calculated over 1 second. PST: short-term ﬂicker calculated over 10 minutes. PLT: long-term flicker calculated over 2 hours.

Figure 81: L1 simultaneous Display screen

Notes: The DC value of the current of phase 1 is displayed only if the associated current sensor can measure direct current.

L2 and L3 provide the simultaneous display of the current and voltage for phases 2 and 3, respectively.

7.5.5. SCREEN FOR SIMULTANEOUS DISPLAY OF NEUTRAL

This screen displays the RMS, THD and CF voltage and current of the neutral, the DC component of the neutral voltage, and (if the current sensor allows) the DC component of the neutral current.

Current column.

RMS, DC (if the current sensor al-

lows), THD and CF values.

FHL: harmonic loss factor. For the

oversizing of transformers to allow

for harmonics.

FK: K factor.

Page 58

7.6. DISPLAY OF FRESNEL DIAGRAM

The sub-menu displays a vector representation of the fundamentals of the voltages and currents. It indicates their associated quantities (modulus and phase of the vectors) and the unbalances of the voltages and currents.

Note: To allow the display of all vectors, those of which the modulus is too small to be pictured are shown even so, but their

name is followed by an asterisk (*).

7.6.1. THE 3V FRESNEL DIAGRAM DISPLAY SCREEN

This screen displays a vector representation of the fundamentals of the phase-to-neutral voltages and of the currents. It indicates their associated quantities (modulus and phase of the phase-to-neutral voltage vectors) and the voltage unbalance. The reference vector of the representation (at 3 o’clock) is V1.

Column of values for each vector (1, 2, and 3). |V1|, |V2| and |V3|: module of the vectors of the fundamentals of the phase-to-neutral voltages (phases 1, 2 and 3).

: phase angle of the fundamental

of phase 1 with respect to the fundamental of phase 2.

Φ23: phase angle of the fundamental

of phase 2 with respect to the fundamental of phase 3.

Φ31: phase angle of the fundamental

of phase 3 with respect to the fundamental of phase 1.

Vunb: voltage unbalance.

Discs indicating potential saturation

of the channel.

Fresnel diagram.

Figure 82: The screen Displaying the Fresnel diagram in 3V

7.6.2. THE 3U FRESNEL DIAGRAM DISPLAY SCREEN

This screen displays a vector representation of the fundamentals of the phase-to-phase voltages and of the currents. It indicates their associated quantities (modulus and phase of the phase-to-phase voltage vectors) and the voltage unbalance. The reference vector of the representation (at 3 o’clock) is U1.

The information displayed is identical to that described in §7.6.1 but relative to the phase-to-phase voltage.

7.6.3. THE 3A FRESNEL DIAGRAM DISPLAY SCREEN

For sources having a neutral, this screen displays the vector representation of the fundamental component of the phase-to-neutral voltages and of the current. For 3-wire three-phase (source without neutral), this screen displays only the vector representation of the fundamental components of the current. It indicates their associated quantities (modulus and phase of the current vectors) and the current unbalance. The reference vector of the representation (at 3 o’clock) is A1.

The information displayed is identical to that described in §7.6.1 but relative to the current.

Page 59

7.6.4. THE L1 FRESNEL DIAGRAM DISPLAY SCREEN

In the presence of the neutral, this screen displays a vector representation of the fundamentals of the phase-to-neutral voltages and the currents of one phase. It indicates their associated quantities (modulus and phase of the current and phase-to-neutral voltage vectors). The reference vector of the representation (at 3 o’clock) is the current vector.

|V1|: modulus of the vector of the fundamental of the phase-to-neutral voltage of phase 1.

Discs indicating potential saturation

of the channel. |A1|: modulus of the vector of the fundamental of the current of phase 1.

: phase angle of the fundamental

of the phase-to-neutral voltage of phase 1 relative to the fundamental of the current of phase 1.

Figure 83: The L1 Fresnel diagram display screen

Note: L2 and L3 display vector representations of the fundamentals of the phase-to-neutral voltages and the currents of phases

2 and 3, respectively. They indicate their associated quantities (modulus and phase of the current and phase-to-neutral voltage vectors of phases 2 and 3, respectively). The reference vector of the representation (at 3 o’clock) is the current vector (A2 and A3, respectively).

In the absence of the neutral (2-wire two-phase):

|U1|: modulus of the vector of the fundamental component of the phase-to-phase voltage between phases 1 and 2 (U |A1|: modulus of the vector of the fun-

damental of the current of phase 1.

: phase shift of the fundamental

component of the phase-to-phase voltage between phases 1 and 2 (U

) with respect to the fundamental

component of the current of phase 1.

Figure 84: the Fresnel diagram display screen in 2-wire two-phase

Discs indicating potential saturation

of the channel.

Page 60

8. ALARM MODE

The Alarm mode detects overshoots of thresholds on each of the following parameters: Hz, Urms, Vrms, Arms, |Udc|, |Vdc|, |Adc|, |Upk+|, |Vpk+|, |Apk+|, |Upk-|, |Vpk-|, |Apk-|, Ucf, Vcf, Acf, Uthdf, Vthdf, Athdf, Uthdr, Vthdr, Athdr, |W|, |Wdc|, |VAR|, VAD, VA, |PF|, |cos Φ|, |tan Φ|, PST, PLT, FHL, FK, Vunb, Uunb (for a three-phase source without neutral) Aunb, U-h, V-h, A-h and |VA-h| (see the table of abbreviations in §2.9).

The alarm thresholds:

 must have been programmed in the Conﬁguration / Alarm mode screen (see §4.10).  must be active (marked with a red spot on that same screen).

Stored alarms can subsequently be transferred to a PC via the PAT application (see §13). You can capture over 16,000 alarms.

List of alarm campaigns (see §8.3).

Access to Alarm mode conﬁguration (see §8.1).

Programming an alarm campaign

(see §8.2).

Figure 85: The Alarm Mode screen

The

and icons have the following functions:



: Validating the programming of a campaign and starting the alarm campaign.

 : Voluntary stoppage of alarm campaign.

8.1. ALARM MODE CONFIGURATION

The submenu displays the list of alarms conﬁgured (see §4.10). This shortcut key lets you deﬁne or change alarm conﬁgurations. The following information is displayed.

Press to return to the Programming a campaign screen.

8.2. PROGRAMMING AN ALARM CAMPAIGN

The submenu is used to specify the start and stop times for an alarm campaign (see ﬁgure 66).

To program an alarm campaign, enter the start date and time, the stop date and time, and the name of the campaign.

To modify an item, move the yellow cursor to it using the  and  keys, then validate with the  key. Change the value using the ,, and  keys, then validate again.

The name can be at most 8 characters long. Several campaigns may have the same name. The available alphanumeric characters are the uppercase letters from A to Z and the digits from 0 to 9. The last 5 names given (in the transient, trend, and alarm modes) are kept in memory. When a name is entered, it may then be completed automatically.

Notes: The start date and time must be later than the current date and time.

The stop date and time must be later than the start date and time.

It is not possible to program an alarm campaign if an inrush current capture is in progress.

Once the programming is done, start the campaign by pressing the the campaign has been started. The

Alarms in progress (not yet ended) are recorded in the campaign if their duration is equal to or greater than their programmed minimum duration.

key replaces the key and can be used to stop the campaign before it is ﬁnished.

key. The icon of the status bar blinks to indicate that

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The Campaign on standby message is displayed until the start time is reached. It is then replaced by the message Campaign running . When the stop time is reached, the Programming a Campaign screen returns with the

another campaign.

During an alarm campaign, only the stop date ﬁeld can be modiﬁed. It is automatically highlighted in yellow.

key. You can then program

8.3. DISPLAY OF THE LIST OF CAMPAIGNS

To display the list of campaigns performed, press the key. The List of Alarm Campaigns screen is displayed. The list can contain up to 7 campaigns.

Name of the campaign.

Start date and time of the campaign.

Stop date and time of the campaign.

Figure 86: list of campaigns display screen

If the stop date of the campaign is in red, it means that it does not match the stop date initially programmed:

 either because of a power supply problem (battery low or disconnection of the device supplied by mains only),  or because the memory is full.

8.4. DISPLAY OF LIST OF ALARMS

To select a campaign, move the cursor to it using the  and  keys. The selected ﬁeld is bolded. Then validate with the  key. The device then displays the alarms in list form.

Level of filling dedicated to the alarm mode. The black part of the bar corresponds to the fraction of memory used.

Alarm date and time.

Target of the alarm detected.

Type of alarm detected.

Figure 87: Alarm list screen

If an alarm duration is displayed in red, it means that it was cut short:

 because of a power supply problem (battery low),  or because of a manual stoppage of the campaign (press on

 or because the memory is full.  or because of a measurement error.  or because of an incompatibility between the quantity monitored and the conﬁguration of the device (for example withdrawal

of a current sensor).

) or deliberate switching off of the device (press on the key).

Alarm duration.

Extremum of the alarm detected

(minimum or maximum depending

on the programmed alarm direction).

The choice of ﬁlter is dynamic. It

depends on the connection chosen.

In the last two cases, the extremum is also displayed in red.

To return to the List of campaigns screen, press .

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8.5. DELETING AN ALARM CAMPAIGN

When the list of campaigns performed is displayed (see ﬁgure 86), select the campaign to be erased. This is done by moving the cursor to it using the  and  keys. The selected campaign is bolded.

Then press the key. Press

Note: It is not possible to delete the alarm campaign in progress.

to validate or to cancel.



8.6. ERASING ALL ALARM CAMPAIGNS

Erasing all of the alarm campaigns is possible only from the Conﬁguration menu, in the Erasure of Data sub-menu (see §4.11)

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9. TREND MODE

The Trend mode records changes to parameters previously speciﬁed in the Conﬁguration / Trend mode screen (see §4.9).

Memory card usage.

Rapid programming and starting of recording (see §9.1).

Access to Trend mode conﬁguration (see §4.9).

Figure 88: Trend mode screen

List of records (see §9.3).

Programming a recording (see §9.1).

Starting a recording (see §9.1).

9.1. PROGRAMMING AND STARTING RECORDING

The submenu speciﬁes the characteristics of a recording (see ﬁgure 88).

To start a recording rapidly, press the key. Recording starts immediately; all measurements are recorded every second until the memory or completely full. The conﬁguration displayed is .

To program recording, before starting it, choose conﬁguration to , enter the start date and time, the stop date and time, the period, and the name of the recording.

To modify an item, move the yellow cursor to it using the  and  keys, then validate with the  key. Change the value using the ,, and  keys, then validate again.

The integration period is the time over which the measurements of each recorded value are averaged (arithmetic mean). Possible values for the period are: 1 s, 5 s, 20 s, 1 min, 2 min, 5 min, 10 min and 15 min.

The name can be at most 8 characters long. Several recordings may have the same name. The available alphanumeric characters are the uppercase letters from A to Z and the digits from 0 to 9. The last 5 names given (in the transient, trend, and alarm modes) are kept in memory. When a name is entered, it may then be completed automatically.

Notes: The start date and time must be later than the current date and time.

The stop date and time must be later than the start date and time.

Once the programming is done, start recording by pressing the The

icon of the status bar blinks to indicate that recording has begun. The key replaces the key and can be used to

stop the recording before it is ﬁnished.

The Recording on standby message is displayed until the start time is reached. It is then replaced by the message Recording running . When the stop time is reached, the Program a Record screen returns with the

cording.

During the recording of a trend, only the stop date ﬁeld can be modiﬁed. It is automatically highlighted in yellow.

key. If not enough memory is available, the device so indicates.

key. You can then program a new re-

9.2. TREND MODE CONFIGURATION

The submenu displays the list of trend recording conﬁgurations (see §4.9). This shortcut key lets you specify or modify the trend recording conﬁgurations.

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9.3. VIEWING THE RECORDING LIST

The submenu displays the recording list already made.

Recording list memory usage. The black part of the bar corresponds to the fraction of memory used.

Recording name.

Recording start time.

Figure 89: Recording list display screen

If the stop date is in red, it means that it does not match the stop date initially programmed, because of a power supply problem (battery low or disconnection of the device supplied by mains only).

Recording stop time.

9.4. DELETING RECORDINGS

When the list of records is displayed (see ﬁgure 89), select the recording to be erased. This is done by moving the cursor to it using the  and  keys. The selected recording is bolded.

Then press the key. Press

to validate or to cancel.



9.5. VIEWING THE RECORDS

9.5.1. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RECORD

When the list of records is displayed (see ﬁgure 89), select the record to be displayed. This is done by moving the cursor to it using the  and  keys. The selected recording is bolded. Then press

to validate.



The

the following screen pages. It is also

possible to use the  or  key. Types of measurement chosen in the

conﬁguration used.

Figure 90: Recording list display screen

If a measurement does not appear in the tabs, it is because calculation of this measurement was incompatible with the conﬁguration chosen (connection, types of sensors, ratios programmed).

For example, if the calculation mode chosen during the programming is Non-active Quantities not broken down (see §4.5.1), the VAD tab does not appear.

Press a yellow key to display the curve.

icon is used to navigate in

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9.5.2. TREND CURVES

Date of the cursor.

This screen is a partial view of the trend curve. There are other screens before and after the visible part.

Use the  or  key to move the cursor.

Figure 91: Vrms (4L) without MIN-AVG-MAX

The display period of this curve is one minute. Since the period of the record is one second, each point of this curve corresponds to a value recorded in a one-second window once a minute. There is therefore a substantial loss of information (59 values out of

60), but the display is rapid.

Notes: Values of the cursor in red indicate saturated values.

Black dashes - - - - indicate erroneous values.

Red dashes - - - - indicate values missing in the memory card.

Position of the viewing window in

the record.

To select the display ﬁlter, press the

 or  key.

The MIN-AVG-MAX mode has been activated.

Figure 92: Vrms (4L) with MIN-AVG-MAX

The display period of this curve is one minute. But with the MIN-AVG-MAX mode activated, each point of this curve represents the arithmetic mean of 60 values recorded every second. This display is therefore more precise, because there is no loss of information, but slower (see the table of ﬁgure 108).

To stop the calculation of the MIN-AVG-MAX mode, press

To return to the Characteristics of the Record screen, press .

To place the cursor on the ﬁrst occurrence of the minimum value.

To change the scale of the display

between 1 minute and 5 days.

To place the cursor on the ﬁrst oc-

currence of the maximum value.

Figure 93: Vrms (N) without MIN-AVG-MAX

Pressing the or key automatically sets the zoom in to the highest level (display period identical to the recording period) and de-activates the MIN-AVG-MAX mode if it was activated.

Page 66

Curve of the maxima.

Curve of the mean.

Curve of the minima.

Figure 94: Vrms (N) with MIN-AVG-MAX

The display period of this curve is one minute. Each point of the mean curve represents the arithmetic mean of 60 values recorded every second. Each point of the curve of the maxima represents the maximum of the 60 values recorded every second. Each point of the curve of the minima corresponds to the minimum of the 60 values recorded every second.

This display is therefore more precise than the previous one.

Date of the cursor.

This screen is a partial view of the trend curve. There are other screens before and after the visible part.

Use the  or  key to move the cursor.

Values of the cursor (minimum,

mean, and maximum).

Position of the viewing window in

the record.

To select the display ﬁlter, press the

 or  key.

Figure 95: Vrms (L1) without MIN-AVG-MAX

For each of the phases (L1, L2, and L3), at each recording of a value over one second (recording period), the device also records the minimum half-cycle RMS value over one second and the maximum half-cycle RMS value over one second. These are the three curves shown in the ﬁgure above.

The MIN-AVG-MAX mode has been activated.

Figure 96: Vrms (L1) with MIN-AVG-MAX

This curve differs slightly from the previous one because, with the MIN-AVG-MAX mode, there is no loss of information.

Page 67

Note: For the quantities (W, Wdc, VAR, VA, VAD, PF, cos Φ and tan Φ) and for a three-phase source without neutral, only the total

quantities are represented.

Figure 97: tan Φ (L1) without MIN-AVG-MAX for a three-phase connection with neutral

Figure 98: tan Φ (L1) with MIN-AVG-MAX

The sum of the powers of the three phases (Σ) is presented in bargraph form.

To change the scale of the display

between 1 minute and 5 days.

Figure 99: W (Σ) without MIN-AVG-MAX

For the energy curves, the quantities are expressed in Wh, J, toe, or BTU, depending on the unit chosen in the conﬁguration of the device (see §4.5.2).

Figure 100: W (Σ) with MIN-AVG-MAX

This curve differs slightly from the previous one because, with the MIN-AVG-MAX mode, there is no loss of information.

The MIN-AVG-MAX mode can be activated for the powers to display, above the curve, the mean power value at the cursor date along with the maximum and minimum power values in the display period. Note that, in contrast with the other quantities, only the curve of mean values is represented.

Page 68

Starting date of the selection.

Energy calculation mode. Pressing this key lets you deﬁne the start of the selection.

Figure 101: Wh (Σ) without MIN-AVG-MAX

The display period of this bar chart is one minute. Since the recording period is one second, each bar of this bar chart represents a value recorded in a one-second window once a minute. The energy calculation mode determines the sum of the powers on the selected bars.

Date of the cursor (ending date of

the selection). Use the  or  keys

to move the cursor.

Figure 102: Wh (Σ) with MIN-AVG-MAX

With the MIN-AVG-MAX mode activated, the display differs slightly from the previous one because there is no loss of information.

Date of the cursor.

This screen is a partial view of the trend curve. There are other screens before and after the visible part.

Use the  or  keys to move the cursor.

Figure 103: cos Φ (L1) without MIN-AVG-MAX

The period of display of this curve is two hours. Since the recording period is one second, each point of this curve represents a value recorded every second taken every two hours. There is therefore a substantial loss of information (7,199 out of 7,200), but the display is rapid.

Position of the viewing window in

the record.

To select the display ﬁlter, press the

 or  key.

The MIN-AVG-MAX mode has been activated.

Figure 104: cos Φ (L1) with MIN-AVG-MAX

Page 69

This curve differs considerably from the previous one, because the MIN-AVG-MAX mode is activated. Each point of the mean curve represents the arithmetic mean of 7,200 values recorded every second. Each point of the curve of the maxima represents the maximum of the 7,200 values recorded every second. Each point of the curve of the minima corresponds to the minimum of the 7,200 values recorded every second. This display is therefore more precise, because there is no loss of information, but slower (see the table in ﬁgure 108).

The user can stop the loading of the recorded values at any time by pressing this key.

Figure 105: cos Φ (L1) loading/calculation of values.

The dashes indicate that the value is not available at the cursor position.

Figure 106: cos Φ (L1) loading/calculation of values aborted.

Display of the record is not complete because reading was stopped before the end.

Figure 107: cos Φ (L1) loading/calculation of complete values without MIN-AVG-MAX

for a three-phase connection with neutral.

The display has not been stopped and is therefore complete.

To change the scale of the display

between 1 minute and 5 days.

Page 70

The following table indicates the time needed to display the curve on screen as a function of the width of the display window for a recording period of one second:

Typical waiting time for

Width of display window

(60 points or increments)

5 days 2 hours 2,5 days 1 hour 15 hours 15 minutes 10 hours 10 minutes

5 hours 5 minutes

1 hour 1 minute

20 minutes 10 seconds

5 minutes 5 seconds

1 minute 1 second

These times can be long, so it has been made possible to stop the display at any time by pressing the

It is also possible, at any time:

 to press the or key to change the scale of the display,  to press the  or  key to move the cursor,  to press the  or  key to change the display ﬁlter.

Grid increment

Figure 108: Display Times table

display with the

MIN-AVG-MAX mode

deactivated

11 seconds

6 seconds 2 seconds 2 seconds

1 second 1 second 1 second 1 second 1 second

Typical waiting time for

MIN-AVG-MAX mode

display with the

activated

10 minutes

5 minutes

1 minute 15 seconds

50 seconds 25 seconds

8 seconds 2 seconds

1 second 1 second

key.

But note that this may restart the loading and/or calculation of the values from the beginning.

Page 71

10. POWER AND ENERGY MODE

The key displays power- and energy-related measurements.

The sub-menus available depend on the ﬁlter.

 For 2- and 3-wire single-phase connections and for the 2-wire two-phase connection, only selection L1 is available. The ﬁlter

is therefore not displayed, but the display is the same as for L1.

 For the 3-wire three-phase connection, only the Σ selection is available. The ﬁlter is therefore not displayed, but the display

is the same as for Σ.

10.1. 3L FILTER

10.1.1. THE POWERS DISPLAY SCREEN

The W... sub-menu is used to display the powers.

Active power (P).

DC power (only if a DC current

sensor is connected).

Reactive power (Q).

Distortion power (D).

Apparent power (S).

Figure 109: the 3L Powers screen.

Note: This screen corresponds to the choice “non-active quantities broken down” in the AR tab of the Calculation Methods menu

of the Conﬁguration mode. If the choice had been “non-active quantities not broken down”, then the VAD label (distortion power) would have disappeared and the VAR label would have corresponded to the non-active power (N). This non-active power (N) is unsigned and has no inductive or capacitive effect.

10.1.2. THE QUANTITIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE POWERS DISPLAY SCREEN

The PF sub-menu... displays the quantities associated with the powers.

Power factor.

Fundamental power factor (also called displacement factor - DPF).

Tangent of the phase shift.

Phase shift of the voltage with

respect to the current.

Figure 110: the Quantities Associated with the Powers screen in 3L

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10.1.3. THE ENERGIES CONSUMED DISPLAY SCREEN

The

sub-menu displays the meters of energy consumed by the load.

Active energy.

DC energy (only if a DC current sensor is connected).

Reactive energy.

Distortion energy.

Apparent energy.

Figure 111: the Energies Consumed display screen in 3L

Note: This screen corresponds to the choice “non-active quantities broken down” in the VAR tab of the Calculation Methods

menu of the Conﬁguration mode. If the choice had been “non-active quantities not broken down”, then the VADh label (distortion energy) would have disappeared and the VARh label would have corresponded to the non-active energy (N). This non-active energy has no inductive or capacitive effect.

10.1.4. THE ENERGIES GENERATED DISPLAY SCREEN

The

DC energy (only if a DC current sensor is connected).

sub-menu displays the meters of the energy generated by the load.

Active energy.

Inductive reactive effect

Capacitive reactive effect

Inductive reactive effect

Reactive energy.

Distortion energy.

Apparent energy.

Figure 112: the Energies Generated display screen in 3L

Note: This screen corresponds to the choice “non-active quantities broken down” in the VAR tab of the Calculation Methods

Capacitive reactive effect

10.2. FILTERS L1, L2 AND L3

10.2.1. THE POWERS AND ASSOCIATED QUANTITIES DISPLAY SCREEN

The W... sub-menu displays the powers and associated quantities.

Active power (P).

Power factor (PF).

DC power.

Fundamental power factor (also

Reactive power (Q).

Distortion power (D).

called displacement factor - DPF).

Tangent of the phase shift.

Apparent power (S).

Figure 113: the Powers and Associated Quantities display screen in L1

Phase shift of voltage with respect to current.

Page 73

Notes: This screen corresponds to the choice “non-active quantities broken down” in the VAR tab of the Calculation Methods

menu of the Conﬁguration mode. If the choice had been “non-active quantities not broken down”, then the VAD label (distortion power) would have disappeared and the VAR label would have corresponded to the non-active power (N). This non-active power has no inductive or capacitive effect.

Filters L2 and L3 display the same information for phases 2 and 3.

is displayed for the 2-wire two-phase set-up.

10.2.2. THE ENERGY METERS DISPLAY SCREEN

The Wh... sub-menu displays the energy meters.

Meters of the energy consumed by the load.

Meters of the energy generated by the load.

Active energy.

DC energy (only if a DC current sensor is connected).

Inductive reactive effect

Reactive energy.

Distortion energy.

Capacitive reactive effect

Apparent energy.

Figure 114: the Energies Consumed and Generated display screen in L1

Notes: This screen corresponds to the choice «non-active quantities broken down» in the VAR tab of the Calculation Methods

menu of the Conﬁguration mode. If the choice had been «non-active quantities not broken down», then the VADh label (distortion energy) would have disappeared and the VARh label would have corresponded to the non-active energy (N). This non-active energy has no inductive or capacitive effect.

Filters L2 and L3 display the same information for phases 2 and 3.

10.3. FILTER Σ

10.3.1. THE POWERS AND ASSOCIATED QUANTITIES DISPLAY SCREEN

The W... sub-menu displays the powers and associated quantities.

Active power (P).

DC power.

Reactive power (Q).

Power factor.

Fundamental power factor (also called displacement factor - DPF).

Distortion power (D).

Apparent power (S).

Tangent.

Figure 115: the Powers and Associated Quantities display screen in Σ

Note: This screen corresponds to the choice “non-active quantities broken down” in the VAR tab of the Calculation Methods

Page 74

10.3.2. THE ENERGY METERS DISPLAY SCREEN

The Wh... sub-menu displays the energy meters.

Meters of energy consumed by the load.

Active energy.

DC energy (only if a DC current sensor is connected).

Reactive energy.

Distortion energy.

Apparent energy.

Figure 116: the Sums of the Energies Consumed and Generated display screen in Σ

Notes: This screen corresponds to the choice “non-active quantities broken down” in the VAR tab of the Calculation Methods

For the 3-wire three-phase set-up, only the display of total quantities is available, the method of calculation of the powers used is the two-wattmeter method (see Appendix, §16.1.4.2).

Meters of the energy generated by the load.

Inductive reactive effect

Capacitive reactive effect

10.4. STARTING ENERGY METERING

To start an energy metering, press the key in an energies display window ( , , or Wh...).

The start date and time of the energy metering.

The energy metering.

Figure 117: the Energy Metering Start-up screen in Wh

The blinking symbol indicates that energy metering is in progress.

icon is used to suspend the

Figure 118: the Energy Metering screen in Joules

The diagram used is the 4-quadrant diagram (see §16.5).

Note: The non-nullity threshold is 11.6 kWh for non-nuclear toe and 3.84 kWh for nuclear toe.

Page 75

10.5. DISCONNECTION OF ENERGY METERING

To suspend energy metering, press .

Figure 119: the Energy Metering screen in toe

The stop date and time of the metering are displayed alongside the start date and time.

A disconnection of the metering is not deﬁnitive. It can be resumed by pressing the

Note: If no recording is in progress, then disconnecting the energy metering leads to the appearance of the blinking symbol

in the status bar (in place of the key by the

key.

symbol). Disconnecting the energy metering also leads to the replacement of the

key again.

10.6. RESET OF ENERGY METERING

To suspend the metering, press the key. Then, to reset energy metering, press the key and validate with the  key. All energy values (consumed and generated) are then reset.

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11. SCREEN SNAPSHOT MODE

The key can be used to take up to 50 screen snapshots and display the recorded snapshots.

Saved screens may then be transferred to a PC using the PAT application (Power Analyser Transfer).

11.1. SCREEN SNAPSHOTS

Press the key for approx. 3 seconds to shoot any screen .

When a screen snapshot is taken, the icon of the active mode ( , , , , , , ) in the top strip of the display unit is replaced by the icon. You can then release the key .

The device can record only 50 screen snapshots. If you want to record a 51st screen, the device informs you that snapshots must be deleted by displaying the icon in place of .

11.2. HANDLING OF SCREEN SNAPSHOTS

To enter screen snapshot mode, brieﬂy press the key. The device then displays a list of recorded screen snapshots.

Indicator of available image memory. The black bar represents memory used and the white bar represents memory available.

List of saved snapshots. Each icon represents the type of screen recorded. It is followed by the date and time of the screen snapshot.

Figure 120: the List of Screen Snapshots display screen

11.2.1. VIEWING A SNAPSHOT FROM THE LIST

To view a snapshot, select it in the list of screen snapshots using the , ,  and  keys. The date and time of the selected snapshot are bolded.

Press when the snapshot was taken ( , , , , , , ).

Press to return to the list of screen snapshots.

11.2.2. DELETING A SNAPSHOT FROM THE LIST

To delete a snapshot, select it in the list of screen snapshots using the , ,  and  keys. The date and time of the selected snapshot are bolded.

to display the selected snapshot. The



icon is displayed in alternation with the icon for the mode that was active

Icon for browsing in screen pages.

Display of the list of screen snapshots.

Deleting a screen snapshot.

Press the To cancel the deletion, press rather than  .

key and validate by pressing  . The snapshot then disappears from the list.

Page 77

12. HELP KEY

The key provides information about the key functions and symbols used in the current display mode.

The following information is displayed:

Reminder of the mode used.

Reminder of the current sub-mode.

List of information concerning the

Help page 2.

Help page 1.

Figure 121: The help screen for the powers and energies mode, page 1

keys.

List of symbols used on the page.

Figure 122: the screen of the help page for the powers and energies mode, page 2

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13. DATA EXPORT SOFTWARE

There are two data export software programs:

 PAT (Power Analyser Transfer), supplied with the device, used to transfer the data recorded in the device to a PC.  Dataview, optional, also used to transfer the data, which are then presented in the form of a report compliant with your coun-

try’s standards.

To install one of the two software programs, load the installation CD in the CD drive of your PC, then follow the instructions on screen.

Then connect the device to the PC using the USB cord supplied, after removing the cover that protects the USB port on the device.

Switch the device on by pressing the key and wait for your PC to detect it.

The PAT transfer software automatically deﬁnes the communication rate between the PC and the device.

Note: All measurements recorded in the device can be transferred to the PC. The transfer does not erase the recorded data un-

less the user explicitly asks it to.

For directions for using the data export software, use its Help function or refer to its user manual.

Page 79

14. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

14.1. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

The following chart shows conditions relating to ambient temperature and humidity:

%RH

3 4

-20 0 20 26 35 42,5 50 70

Caution: at temperatures above 40°C, the device must be powered by the battery alone OR by the mains power unit alone; use

of the device with both the battery AND the mains power unit is prohibited.

1 = Reference range. 2 = Range for use. 3 = Range for storage with batteries. 4 = Range for storage without batteries.

°C

Altitude :

Use < 2 000 m Storage < 10 000 m

Degree of pollution : 2.

Use indoors.

14.2. MECHANICAL CONDITIONS

Dimensions (L x W x H) 200 mm x 250 mm x 70 mm Weight approximately 2 kg Screen 118 mm x 90 mm, diagonal 148 mm

Tightness IP 50 as per EN 60529 Electrical IP 2X on the terminals

Fall 1 m as per IEC 61010-1

14.3. COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

The device is compliant with IEC 61010-1, 600 V category IV or 1000 V category III.

 the use of AmpFLEX™ or of MiniFLEX or C clamps keeps the “device + current sensor” system at 600 V category IV or

1000 V category III.

 the use of PAC, MN93, MN93A, or E3N clamps downgrades the “device + current sensor” system to 300 V category IV

or 600 V category III.

 the use of the 5 A adapter unit downgrades the “device + current sensor” system to 150 V category IV or 300 V category

III.

Double insulation between the inputs/outputs and earth. Double insulation between the voltage inputs, the power supply, and the other inputs/outputs.

Page 80

14.4. ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY

Emissions and immunity in an industrial setting compliant with IEC 61326-1.

14.5. POWER SUPPLY

14.5.1. MAINS POWER SUPPLY

This is a speciﬁc 600 Vrms, category IV – 1000 Vrms, category III external mains power supply unit.

Range of use: 230 V ± 10 % @ 50 Hz and 120 V ± 10 % @ 60 Hz.

Maximum input power: 65 VA.

14.5.2. BATTERY POWER SUPPLY

The device is supplied by a 9.6 V, 4000 mAh battery pack, comprising 8 rechargeable NiMH elements.

Battery 8 NiMH storage cells. Capacity 4000 mAh nominal.

Nominal voltage 1,2 V per cell, or a total of 9.6 V. Life at least 300 charge-discharge cycles. Charging current 1 A. Charging time approx. 5 hours Service T° [0 °C ; 50 °C]. Charging T° [10 °C ; 40 °C]. Storage T° storage ≤ 30 days: [-20 °C ; 50 °C].

storage for 30 to 90 days: [-20 °C ; 40 °C]. storage for 90 days to 1 year: [-20 °C ; 30 °C].

14.5.3. CONSUMPTION

With the display unit brightness set to 50% 320 mA In display-off stand-by mode 130 mA

14.5.4. BATTERY LIFE

Battery life is 10 hours when the battery delivered with the device is fully charged, with the display screen on. If the display screen is off (saving energy), battery life is more than 25 hours.

Page 81

15. FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

15.1. REFERENCE CONDITIONS

This table indicates the reference conditions of the quantities to be used by default in the characteristics indicated in § 15.3.4.

Parameter Reference conditions

Ambient temperature 23 ± 3 °C Humidity (relative humidity) [45 %; 75 %] Atmospheric pressure [860 hPa ; 1060 hPa] Phase-to-neutral voltage [50 V

Standard current circuit input voltage (Except FLEX type current sensors)

Rogowski current circuit input voltage (FLEX type current sensors)

Frequency of electrical network 50 Hz ± 0,1 Hz or 60 Hz ± 0,1 Hz

Phase shift

Harmonics < 0,1 % Voltage unbalance < 10 % Voltage ratio 1 (unity) Current ratio 1 (unity) Power supply Battery only Electric ﬁeld < 1 V.m-1 Magnetic ﬁeld < 40 A.m-1

rms ; 1000 Vrms] without DC (< 0.5 %)

rms ; 1 Vrms] without DC (< 0.5 %)

[30 mV

 A

⇔ 1 Vrms

nom

 3 × A

[11,73 mV

÷ 100 ó 30 mVrms

nom

rms ; 254.15 mVrms] without DC (< 0.5 %)

 6500 Arms ⇔ 254.15 mVrms to 50 Hz  300 Arms ⇔ 11.73 mVrms to 50 Hz

0° (active power and energy) 90° (reactive power and energy)

The values of A are given in the table below.

nom

15.2. NOMINAL CURRENT ACCORDING TO TYPE OF SENSOR

Current sensor

(except FLEX)

C clamp 1000 30 PAC clamp 1000 30 MN93 clamp 200 6 MN93A clamp (100 A) 100 3 E3N clamp (10 mV/A) 100 3 E3N clamp (100 mV/A) 10 0.3 MN93A clamp (5 A) 5 0.15 5 A adapter 5 0.15

Nominal RMS current

) [A]

nom

(3 × A

÷ 100) [A]

nom

15.3. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

15.3.1. VOLTAGE INPUT CHARACTERISTICS

Range for use: 0 V 0 V (on condition of compliance with 1000 V

Input impedance: 969 kW (between phase and neutral and between neutral and earth). Admissible overload: 1200 V

2000 Vrms for one second.

rms to 1000 Vrms AC+DC phase-to-neutral and neutral-to-earth. rms to 2000 Vrms AC+DC phase-to-phase.

rms with respect to earth in Cat III).

rms constant.

Page 82

15.3.2. CURRENT INPUT CHARACTERISTICS

Operating range: [0 V ; 1 V] Input impedance: 1 MW. Admissible overload: 1.7 V

rms constant.

FLEX type current sensors (AmpFLEX™ and MiniFLEX) switch the current input to an integrator assembly (‘Rogowski’ channel) capable of interpreting the signals from Rogowski sensors. The input impedance is reduced to 12.4 kW in this case.

15.3.3. BANDWIDTH

Measurement channels: 256 points per period, i.e.:

 At 50 Hz: 6.4 kHz (256 × 50 ÷ 2).  At 60 Hz: 7.68 kHz (256 × 60 ÷ 2).

The analogue 3-dB bandwidth exceeds 10 kHz.

15.3.4. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEVICE ALONE (EXCLUDING THE CURRENT SENSOR)

Page 83

Quantities concerning currents and voltages

Measurement

Frequency 40 Hz 70 Hz 0.01 Hz ±(0.01 Hz)

simple 5 V 1,200 V

RMS

(5)

voltage

compound 5 V 2,400 V

simple 5 V 1,697 V

Direct voltage

(6)

(DC)

compound 5 V 3,394 V

C clamp PAC clamp

MN93 clamp 0.2 A 240 A 0.1 A ±(0.5 % + 0.2 A)

E3N clamp (10 mV/A) MN93A clamp (100 A)

RMS

(5)

current

E3N clamp (100 mV/A) 0.01 A 12 A

MN93A clamp (5 A) 5 A adapter

AmpFLEX™ MiniFLEX

PAC clamp 1 A 1200 A

Direct current

(6)

(DC)

E3N clamp (10 mV/A) 0.1 A 169.7 A

E3N clamp (100 mV/A) 0.01 A 16.97 A

Peak factor (PF) (voltage and current)

Measurement range without ratio

(with unity ratio)

Minimum Maximum

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

1 A 1,200 A

0.1A 120 A

0.005 A 6 A 0.001 A ±(0.5 % + 0.002 A)

10 A 6500 A

(4)

(3)

1 9.99 0.01

Display resolution

(with unity ratio)

0.1 V

V < 1000 V

1 V

V ≥ 1000 V

0.1 V

U < 1000 V

1 V

U ≥ 1000 V

0.1 V

V < 1000 V

1 V

V ≥ 1000 V

0.1 V

U < 1000 V

1 V

U ≥ 1000 V

0.1 A

A < 1000 A

1 A

A ≥ 1000 A

0.01 A

A < 100 A

0.1 A

A ≥ 100 A

0.001 A

A < 10 A

0.01 A

A ≥ 10 A

0.1 A

A < 1000 A

1 A

A ≥ 1000 A

0.1 A

A < 1000 A

1 A

A ≥ 1000 A

0.01 A

A < 100 A

0.1 A

A ≥ 100 A

0.001 A

A < 10 A

0.01 A

A ≥ 10 A

Maximum intrinsic

error

±(0.5 % + 0.2 V)

±(0.5 % + 1 V)

±(0.5 % + 0.2 V)

±(0.5 % + 1 V)

±(1 % + 0.5 V)

±(1 % + 1 V)

±(1 % + 0.5 V)

±(1 % + 1 V)

±(0.5 % + 0.2 A)

±(0.5 % + 1 A)

±(0.5 % + 0.02 A)

±(0.5 % + 0.1 A)

±(0.5 % + 0.002 A)

±(0.5 % + 0.01 A)

±(0.5 % + 1 A)

±(1 % + 1 A)

±(1 % + 0.1 A)

±(1 % + 0.01 A)

±(1 % + 5 ct)

CF < 4

±(5 % + 2 ct)

CF ≥ 4

(1) In 1,000 Vrms, category III, provided that the voltage between each of the terminals and earth does not exceed 1,000 Vrms. (2) Two-phase (opposite phases) – same note as (1).

((3) 1200 x √2 ≈ 1697; 2400 x √2 ≈ 3394; 120 x √2 ≈ 169,7; 12 x √2 ≈ 16,97; (4) Limitation of the PAC clamp. (5) Total RMS value and RMS value of the fundamental (6) DC harmonic component (n= 0)

Page 84

Measurement

Measurement range without ratio

(with unity ratio)

Minimum Maximum

Display resolution

(with unity ratio)

Maximum intrinsic error

0.1 V

V < 1,000 V

1 V

V ≥ 1,000 V

0.1 V

U < 1,000 V

1 V

±(0.8 % + 1 V)

RMS ½ voltage

simple 5 V 1,200 V

compound 5 V 2,400 V

(1)

(2)

U ≥ 1,000 V

0.1 V

V < 1,000 V

1 V

V ≥ 1,000 V

0.1 V

U < 1,000 V

1 V

±(3 % + 2 V)

Peak voltage

simple 5 V 1,697 V

compound 5 V 3,394 V

(3)

U ≥ 1,000 V

0.1 A

C clamp PAC clamp

1 A 1,200 A

A < 1,000 A

1 A

±(1 % + 1 A)

A ≥ 1,000 A

MN93 clamp 0.2 A 240 A 0.1 A ±(1 % + 1 A)

0.01 A

A < 100 A

0.1 A

A ≥ 100 A

0.001 A

A < 10 A

0.01 A

±(1 % + 0.1 A)

±(1 % + 0.01 A)

RMS ½ current

E3N clamp (10 mV/A) MN93A clamp (100 A)

0.1A 120 A

E3N clamp (100 mV/A) 0.01 A 12 A

A ≥ 10 A

MN93A clamp (5 A) 5 A adapter

0.005 A 6 A 0.001 A ±(1 % + 0.01 A)

0.1 A

AmpFLEX™ MiniFLEX

10 A 6,500 A

A < 1,000 A

1 A

±(2.5 % + 5 A)

A ≥ 1,000 A

1 A

C clamp PAC clamp

1 A 1,697 A

(3)

A < 1,000 A

1 A

±(1 % + 2 A)

A ≥ 1,000 A

MN93 clamp 0.2 A 339.4 A

(3)

0.1 A ±(1 % + 2 A)

0.01 A

A < 100 A

0.1 A

A ≥ 100 A

0.001 A

A < 10 A

0.01 A

±(1 % + 0.2 A)

±(1 % + 0.02 A)

Peak current)

E3N clamp (10 mV/A) MN93A clamp (100 A)

0.1 A 169.7 A

E3N clamp (100 mV/A) 0.01 A 16.97 A

(3)

A ≥ 10 A

MN93A clamp (5 A) 5 A adapter

0.005 A 8.485 A

(3)

0.001 A ±(1 % + 0.02 A)

0.1 A

AmpFLEX™ MiniFLEX

10 A 9,192 A

(3)

A < 1,000 A

1 A

±(3 % + 5 A)

A ≥ 1,000 A

Severity of short-term ﬂicker (PST) Severity of long-term ﬂicker (PLT)

0 12 0,01 See the corresponding table

0 12 0,01

Uncertainty of PST

(1) In 1,000 Vrms, category III, provided that the voltage between each of the terminals and earth does not exceed 1,000 Vrms. (2) Two-phase (opposite phases) – same note as (1). (3) 1200 x √2 ≈ 1697; 2400 x √2 ≈ 3394; 240 x √2 ≈ 339,4; 120 x √2 ≈ 169,7; 12 x √2 ≈ 16,97; 6 x √2 ≈ 8,485; 6500 x √2 ≈ 9192;

Page 85

Quantities concerning powers and energies

Measurement range without ratio

Measurement

(with unity ratio)

Minimum Maximum

Excluding FLEX

Active power

(1)

5 mW

(3)

7,800 kW

(4)

AmpFLEX™ MiniFLEX

Excluding FLEX

Reactive

(2)

power

5 mvar

(3)

7,800 kvar

(4)

AmpFLEX™ MiniFLEX

Excluding FLEX

Distortion

(7)

power

5 mvar

(3)

7,800 kvar

(4)

AmpFLEX™ MiniFLEX

Apparent power 5 mVA

(3)

7,800 kVA

(4)

Peak factor (PF) -1 1 0.001

Excluding FLEX

Active energy

(1)

AmpFLEX™

1 mWh 9,999,999 MWh

(6)

MiniFLEX

Excluding FLEX

Reactive energy

(2)

1 mvarh 9,999,999 Mvarh

(6)

AmpFLEX™ MiniFLEX

Distortion energy

Excluding FLEX

AmpFLEX™

1 mvarh 9,999,999 Mvarh

(6)

MiniFLEX

Apparent energy 1 mVAh 9,999,999 MVAh

(6)

(1) The stated uncertainties on the active power and energy measurements are maxima for |cos Φ| = 1 and typical for the other phase differences. (2) The stated uncertainties on the reactive power and energy measurements are maxima for |sin Φ| = 1 and typical for the other phase shifts. (3) With MN93A clamp (5 A) or 5 A adapter. (4) With AmpFLEX™ or MiniFLEX. (5) The resolution depends on the current sensor used and on the value to be displayed.

(6) The energy is equivalent to more than 146 years of the associated maximum power (unity ratios). (7) n

is the highest order for which the harmonic ratio is non-zero.

max

Display resolution

(with unity ratio)

4 digits at most

7 digits at most

(5)

Maximum intrinsic error

±(1 %)

cos Φ ≥ 0.8

±(1.5 % + 10 ct)

0.2 ≤ cos Φ < 0.8

±(1 %)

cos Φ ≥ 0.8

±(1.5 % + 10 ct)

0.5 ≤ cos Φ < 0.8

±(1 %)

sin Φ ≥ 0.5

±(1.5 % + 10 ct)

0.2 ≤ sin Φ < 0.5

±(1.5 %)

sin Φ ≥ 0.5

±(2.5 % + 20 ct)

0.2 ≤ sin Φ < 0.5

±(3 % + 20 ct)

if ∀ n ≥ 1, τn ≤(100 ÷ n) [%]

±(2 % +(n

× 0,5 %) + 50 ct)

max

THDA ≤ 20 %f

× 0,7 %) + 10 ct)

max

THDA > 20 %f

±(1 %)

±(1.5 %)

cos Φ ≥ 0.5

±(1.5 % + 10 ct)

0.2 ≤ cos Φ < 0.5

±(1 %)

cos Φ ≥ 0.8

±(1.5 %)

0.2 ≤ cos Φ < 0.8

±(1 %)

cos Φ ≥ 0.8

±(1.5 %)

0.5 ≤ cos Φ < 0.8

±(1 %)

sin Φ ≥ 0.5

±(1.5 %)

0.2 ≤ sin Φ < 0.5

±(1.5 %)

sin Φ ≥ 0.5

±(2 %)

0.2 ≤ sin Φ < 0.5

±(5.5 %)

THDA ≤ 20 %f

±(1.5 %)

THDA > 20 %f

±(1 %)

Page 86

Quantities associated with power

Measurement

Phase differences of fundamentals

Measurement range

Minimum Maximum

Display resolution Maximum intrinsic error

-179° 180° 1° ±(2°)

cos Φ (DPF) -1 1 0.001

0.001

tan Φ -32.77

(1)

32.77

(1)

tan Φ < 10

0.01

tan Φ ≥ 10

Unbalance (UNB)

0 % 100 % 0.1 % ±(1 %)

(1) |tan Φ| = 32,767 corresponds to Φ = ±88.25° + k × 180° (k being a natural number)

±(1°) for Φ

±(5 ct) for DPF

±(1°) for Φ

Page 87

Quantities concerning the spectral composition of the signals

Measurement

Voltage harmonic ratio (τ

Current harmonic ratio (τ (non-FLEX)

Current harmonic ratio (τ (AmpFLEX™ & MiniFLEX)

) 0 %

)

Total voltage harmonic distortion (THD) (referred to the fundamental) of voltage

Total current harmonic distortion (THD) (referred to the fundamental) of current (non-FLEX)

Total current harmonic distortion (THD) (referred to the fundamental) of current (AmpFLEX™ & MiniFLEX)

Total voltage harmonic distortion (THD) (referred to the signal without DC) of voltage

Total current harmonic distortion (THD) (referred to the signal without DC) of current (non-FLEX)

Total current harmonic distortion (THD) (referred to the signal without DC) of current (AmpFLEX™ & MiniFLEX)

Harmonic loss factor (FHL) 1 99.99 0.01

K factor (FK) 1 99.99 0.01

Phase shifts of harmonics (order ≥ 2) -179° 180° 1° ±(1.5° + 1° x (n ÷ 12.5)

Measurement range

Minimum Maximum

Display resolution Maximum intrinsic error

0.1 %

< 1000 %

1 %

≥ 1000 %

0.1 %

< 1000 %

1 %

≥ 1000 %

0.1 %

< 1000 %

1 %

≥ 1000 %

±(2.5 % + 5 ct)

±(2 % + (n × 0.2 %) + 10 ct)

n ≤ 25

±(2 % + (n × 0.6 %) + 5 ct)

n > 25

±(2 % + (n × 0.3 %) + 5 ct)

n ≤ 25

±(2 % + (n × 0.6 %) + 5 ct)

n > 25

0 %

1500 %f

100 %r

1500 %f

100 %r

1500 %f

100 %r

0 % 999.9 % 0.1 % ±(2.5 % + 5 ct)

±(2.5 % + 5 ct)

si ∀ n ≥ 1. τ

≤ (100 ÷ n) [%]

0 % 999.9 % 0.1 %

±(2 % + (n

× 0.2 %) + 5 ct)

max

× 0.5 %) + 5 ct)

max

±(2.5 % + 5 ct)

si ∀ n ≥ 1. τn ≤ (100 ÷ n2) [%]

0 % 999.9 % 0.1 %

±(2 % + (n

× 0.3 %) + 5 ct)

max

× 0.6 %) + 5 ct)

max

0 % 100 % 0.1 % ±(2.5 % + 5 ct)

±(2.5 % + 5 ct)

si ∀ n ≥ 1. τ

≤ (100 ÷ n) [%]

0 % 100 % 0.1 %

±(2 % + (n

× 0.2 %) + 5 ct)

max

× 0.5 %) + 5 ct)

max

±(2.5 % + 5 ct)

si ∀ n ≥ 1. τ

≤ (100 ÷ n2) [%]

0 % 100 % 0.1 %

±(2 % + (n

±(5 % + (n

±(10 % + (n

±(5 % + (n

±(10 % + (n

× 0.3 %) + 5 ct)

max

× 0.6 %) + 5 ct)

max

× 0.3 %) + 5 ct)

max

× 0.6 %) + 5 ct)

max

× 0.3 %) + 5 ct)

max

× 0.6 %) + 5 ct)

max

≤ 25

> 25

≤ 25

> 25

≤ 25

> 25

≤ 25

> 25

≤ 25

> 25

≤ 25

> 25

Note : n

is the highest order for which the harmonic ratio is non-zero.

max

Page 88

Measurement range

Measurement

(with unity ratio)

Minimum Maximum

RMS

simple 5 V 1200 V

harmonic voltage (order n ≥ 2)

compound 5 V 2400 V

C clamp PAC clamp

1 A 1200 A

MN93 clamp 0.2 A 240 A 0.1 A

RMS

E3N clamp (10 mV/A) MN93A clamp (100 A)

0.1A 120 A

harmonic current (order n ≥ 2)

E3N clamp (100 mV/A) 0.01 A 12 A

MN93A clamp (5 A) 5 A adapter

AmpFLEX™ MiniFLEX

0.005 A 6 A 0.001 A

10 A 6500 A

simple (Vd) 5 V 1200 V

RMS distortion voltage

compound (Ud) 5 V 2400 V

C clamp PAC clamp

1 A 1200 A

MN93 clamp 0.2 A 240 A 0.1 A ±((n

RMS

E3N clamp (10 mV/A) MN93A clamp (100 A)

0.1A 120 A

distortion current (Ad)

(4)

(1) In 1,000 V

E3N clamp (100 mV/A) 0.01 A 12 A

MN93A clamp (5 A) 5 A adapter

AmpFLEX™ MiniFLEX

rms, category III, provided that the voltage between each of the terminals and earth does not exceed 1,000 Vrms.

0.005 A 6 A 0.001 A ±((n

10 A 6500 A

(2) Two-phase (opposite phases) – same note as (1). (3) RMS value of the fundamental. (4) n

is the highest order for which the harmonic ratio is non-zero.

max

Display resolution

(1)

(2)

(1)

(2)

(with unity ratio)

0.1 V

V < 1000 V

1 V

V ≥ 1000 V

0.1 V

U < 1000 V

1 V

U ≥ 1000 V

0.1 A

A < 1000 A

1 A

A ≥ 1000 A

0.01 A

A < 100 A

0.1 A

A ≥ 100 A

0.001 A

A < 10 A

0.01 A

A ≥ 10 A

0.1 A

A < 1000 A

1 A

A ≥ 1000 A

0.1 V

V < 1000 V

1 V

V ≥ 1000 V

0.1 V

U < 1000 V

1 V

U ≥ 1000 V

0.1 A

A < 1000 A

1 A

A ≥ 1000 A

0.01 A

A < 100 A

0.1 A

A ≥ 100 A

0.001 A

A < 10 A

0.01 A

A ≥ 10 A

0.1 A

A < 1000 A

1 A

A ≥ 1000 A

Maximum intrinsic error

±(2.5 % + 1 V)

±(2 % + (n x 0.2%) + 1 A)

n ≤ 25

±(2 % + (n x 0.5%) + 1 A)

n > 25

±(2 % + (n x 0.2%) + 1 A)

n ≤ 25

±(2 % + (n x 0.5%) + 1 A)

n > 25

±(2 % + (n x 0.2%) + 0.1 A)

n ≤ 25

±(2 % + (n x 0.5%) + 0.1 A)

n > 25

±(2 % + (n x 0.2%) + 0.01 A)

n ≤ 25

±(2 % + (n x 0.5%) + 0.01 A)

n > 25

±(2 % + (n x 0.2%) + 0.01 A)

n ≤ 25

±(2 % + (n x 0.5%) + 0.01 A)

n > 25

±(2 % + (n x 0.3%) + 1 A + (Af

n ≤ 25

±(2 % + (n x 0.6%) + 1 A + (Af

n > 25

±(2.5 % + 1 V)

±((n

x 0,4%) + 1 A)

max

x 0,4%) + 1 A)

max

x 0,4%) + 0,1 A)

±((n

max

x 0,4%) + 0,01 A)

±((n

max

x 0,4%) + 0,01 A)

max

x 0,4%) + 1 A)

±(n

max

rms

(3)

x 0.1%))

(3)

x 0.1%))

Page 89

Severity of short-term ﬂicker

Rectangular variations

per minute

(50% duty cycle)

1 PST ∈ [0.5 ; 4] ± 5% PST ∈ [0.5 ; 4] ± 5% 2 PST ∈ [0.5 ; 5] ± 5% PST ∈ [0.5 ; 5] ± 5% 7 PST ∈ [0.5 ; 7] ± 5% PST ∈ [0.5 ; 8] ± 5%

39 PST ∈ [0.5 ; 12] ± 5% PST ∈ [0.5 ; 10] ± 5%

110 PST ∈ [0.5 ; 12] ± 5% PST ∈ [0.5 ; 10] ± 5%

1620 PST ∈ [0.25 ; 12] ± 15% PST ∈ [0.25 ; 10] ± 15%

Range of current and voltage ratios

Ratio Minimum Maximum

Maximum intrinsic error of the short-term ﬂicker severity measurement (PST)

120 V lamp

60 Hz network

230 V lamp

50 Hz network

Voltage

Current

100

1,000 x √3

(1)

1 60,000 / 1

9,999,900 x √3

0,1

(1) Only for the MN93A clamp (5 A) and the 5 A adapter.

Measurement ranges after application of the ratios

Measurement range

Measurement

RMS & RMS ½ voltage

Direct voltage (DC) & peak voltage

simple 58 mV 207.8 GV

compound 58 mV 415.7 GV

simple 58 mV 293.9 GV

compound 58 mV 587.9 GV

Minimum

with minimum ratio(s)

Maximum

with maximum ratio(s)

RMS & RMS ½ current 5 mA 360.0 kA Peak current 5 mA 509.1 kA Active power 0.289 mW 74.82 PW Reactive power 0.289 mvar 74.82 Pvar Distortion power 0.289 mvar 74.82 Pvar Apparent power 0.289 mVA 74.82 PVA Active energy 1 mWh 9,999,999 EWh Reactive energy 1 mvarh 9,999,999 Evarh Distortion energy 1 mvarh 9,999,999 Evarh Apparent energy 1 mVAh 9,999,999 EVAh

(1)

(1) The energy corresponds to more than 15,000 years of the associated maximum power (maximum ratios).

Page 90

15.3.5. CURRENT SENSOR CHARACTERISTICS (AFTER LINEARIZATION)

Sensor errors are offset by a typical correction inside the device. This typical correction, applied to the phase and amplitude, depends on the type of sensor connected (detected automatically) and the gain in the current acquisition channel used.

The RMS current measurement error and phase error are additional errors (which must therefore be added to the device errors), indicated as inﬂuences on the calculations carried out by the analyser (powers, energies, power factors, tangents, etc.).

Type of sensor RMS current (Arms) Maximum error for Arms

AmpFLEX™ A193 6,500 A

MiniFLEX MA193 6,500 A

C193 clamp 1,000 A

PAC93 clamp 1,000 A

MN93 clamp 200 A

MN93A clamp 100 A

E3N clamp 100A Sensitivity 10 mV/A

E3N clamp 10A Sensitivity 100 mV/A

MN93A clamp 5 A

5 A adapter

[10 A ; 100 A[ ±(3 %) ±(1°)

[100 A ; 6,500 A] ±(2 %) ±(0.5°)

[10 A ; 100 A[ ±(3 %) ±(1°)

[100 A ; 6,500 A] ±(2 %) ±(0.5°)

[1 A ; 3 A[

[3 A ; 10 A[ ±(1°)

[10 A ; 100 A[ ±(0.3 %) ±(0.5°)

[100 A ; 1,200 A] ±(0.2 %) ±(0.3°)

[1 A ; 10 A[

[10 A ; 100 A[ ±(2°)

[100 A ; 800 A[ ±(3 %)

[800 A ; 1,200 A] ±(5 %)

[0.5 A ; 2 A[

[2 A ; 10 A[ ±(6°)

[10 A ; 100 A[ ±(2.5 % + 1 A) ±(3°)

[100 A ; 240 A] ±(1 % + 1 A) ±(2°)

[100 mA ; 300 mA[

[300 mA ; 1 A[ ±(1.5°)

[1 A ; 120 A] ±(0.7 %) ±(0.7°)

[0 A ; 40 A[ ±(2 % + 50 mA)

[40 A ; 100 A] ±(5 %)

[0 A ; 10 A] ±(1.5 % + 50 mA) ±(1°)

[5 mA ; 50 mA[ ±(1 % + 0.1 mA) ±(1.7°)

[50 mA ; 500 mA[ ±(1 %)

[500 mA ; 6 A] ±(0.7 %)

[5 mA ; 50 mA[ ±(1 %) ±(1°)

[50 mA ; 6 A] ±(0.5 %) ±(0°)

±(0.8 %)

±(1.5 % + 1 A)

±(3 % + 1 A)

±(0.7 % + 2 mA)

Maximum error for Φ

±(1.5°)

±(0.5°)

±(1°)

Page 91

16. APPENDICES

This section presents the mathematical formulae used in calculating various parameters.

16.1. MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE

16.1.1. NETWORK FREQUENCY AND SAMPLING

Sampling is controlled by (locked to) the network frequency so as to deliver 256 samples per cycle from 40 Hz to 70 Hz. This locking is essential for many calculations, including reactive power, distorting power, fundamental power factor, unbalance, and harmonic factors and angles.

The instantaneous frequency is measured by analysing eight consecutive positive-going zero crossings on the signal in question after digital low-pass ﬁltering and digital suppression of the DC component (i.e. 7 periods ﬁltered). The time of the zero crossing is determined precisely by linear interpolation between two samples to achieve resolution better than 0.002%.

The device is capable of calculating an instantaneous frequency simultaneously on each of the 3 phases in voltage (phase-toneutral for distribution systems with neutral and phase-to-phase for distribution systems without neutral) or in current. It then chooses one from among two or three of them as the ofﬁcial instantaneous frequency.

The network frequency over one second is determined (approximately) as the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the instantaneous periods.

The signals are acquired using a 16-bit converter and (for current acquisition) dynamic gain switches.

16.1.2. WAVEFORM MODE

16.1.2.1. RMS values of half-cycle voltage and current (excluding neutral)

Half-cycle RMS phase-to-neutral voltage of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 2].

1) (

−

[ ] [ ][ ]

Vdem

Half-cycle RMS phase-to-phase voltage of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0 ; 2].

[ ] [ ][ ]

Udem

Half-cycle RMS current of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0 ; 2].

[ ] [ ][ ]

Adem

Notes: these values are calculated for each half-cycle so as not to miss any fault.

NechDemPer is the number of samples in the half cycle.

16.1.2.2. Minimum and maximum half-cycle RMS values (excluding neutral)

Minimum and maximum RMS phase-to-neutral voltages of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0 ; 2]. Vmax [i] = max(Vdem[i]), Vmin[i] = min(Vdem[i])

Minimum and maximum RMS phase-to-phase voltages of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0 ; 2]. Umax [i] = max(Udem[i]), Umin[i] = min(Udem[i])

NechDemPer

suivantZéro

⋅=

∑

Zéron

suivantZéro

⋅=

∑

Zéron

suivantZéro

⋅=

∑

Zéron

niV

1) (

−

niU

−

1) ( 2

niA

Minimum and maximum RMS currents of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0 ; 2]. Amax [i] = max(Adem[i]), Amin[i] = min(Adem[i])

Note: The duration of the evaluation is left to the user’s discretion (reset by pressing the  key in the MAX-MIN mode).

Page 92

16.1.2.3. Severity of Short-term ﬂicker – 10 minutes (excluding neutral)

[ ] [ ]

Method based on the IEC61000-4-15 standard.

The input values are half-period RMS voltages (phase-to-neutral for distribution systems with neutral, phase-to-phase for distribution systems without neutral). Blocks 3 and 4 are generated digitally. The classiﬁer of block 5 has 128 levels.

The value of PST[i] is updated every 10 minutes (phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 2]).

Note: The user can reset the PST calculation by pressing the  key in the

16.1.2.4. Severity of LONG-term ﬂicker – 2 hours (excluding neutral)

Method based on the IEC61000-4-15 standard.

∑

[ ]

The values of PST[i][n] are consecutive and 10 minutes apart. The value of PLT[i] (phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 2]) calculated in a twohour window is updated either:

 every 10 minutes (Sliding long-term ﬂicker – Conﬁguration >Calculation methods >PLT)  or every 2 hours (Non-sliding long-term ﬂicker – Conﬁguration >Calculation methods >PLT)

Note: The user can reset the PLT calculation by pressing the  key in the Summary mode.

16.1.2.5. Peak values (neutral included except Upp and Upm – reassessment every second

Positive and negative phase-to-neutral peak voltages of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 3] (i = 3 ⇔ neutral). Vpp[i] = max(V[i][n]), Vpm[i] = min(V[i][n]) n ∈ [0; N]

Positive and negative phase-to-phase peak voltages of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0 ; 2]. Upp[i] = max(U[i][n]), Upm[i] = min(U[i][n]) n ∈ [0 ; N]

Positive and negative peak currents of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 3] (i = 3 ⇔ neutral). App[i] = max(A[i][n]), Apm[i] = min(A[i][n]) n ∈ [0; N]

==n

iPLT

[ ][ ]

niPST

Summary mode.

Note: The duration of the evaluation is left to the user’s discretion (reset by pressing the  key in the

16.1.2.6. Peak factors (neutral included except Ucf – over one second)

Peak factor of phase-to-neutral voltage of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 3] (i = 3 ⇔ neutral).

−

[ ][ ]

−

[ ][ ]

−

[ ][ ]

)iVpm,iVppmax(

niV

)iUpm,iUppmax(

niU

)iApm,iAppmax(

niA

[ ]

Vcf

NechSec

Peak factor of phase-to-phase voltage of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0 ; 2].

[ ]

Ucf

NechSec

Peak factor of current of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 3] (i = 3 ⇔ neutral).

[ ]

Acf

NechSec

Note: NechSec is the number of samples in the second. The duration of evaluation of the peak values here is one second.

NechSec

⋅

∑

NechSec

⋅

∑

NechSec

⋅

∑

MAX-MIN mode).

Page 93

16.1.2.7. Rms values (neutral included except Urms – over one second)

[ ] [ ] [ ]

)2VFrmsa1VFrmsa0VFrms(

Vrms

⋅+⋅+=

RMS phase-to-neutral voltage of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 3] (i = 3 ⇔ neutral).

−

NechSec

[ ] [ ][ ]

Vrms

RMS phase-to-phase voltage of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0 ; 2].

[ ] [ ][ ]

Urms

RMS current of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 3] (i = 3 ⇔ neutral).

[ ] [ ][ ]

Arms

Note: NechSec is the number of samples in the second.

16.1.2.8. Reverse unbalances (three-phase connection – over one second)

These are calculated from the ﬁltered RMS vector values (over one second) VFrms[i] and AFrms[i] for distribution systems with neutral and UFrms[i] and AFrms[i] for distribution systems without neutral. (Ideally the fundamental vectors of the signals).

Note: The operations are vector operations in complex notation with

NechSec

⋅=

NechSec

⋅=

NechSec

⋅=

∑

niV

−

niU

−

niA

e=a

Forward phase-to-neutral voltage (vector) in a distribution system with neutral

Reverse phase-to-neutral voltage (vector) in a distribution system with neutral

−

=Vunb

=Uunb

Vrms

Urms

−

Vrms

Phase-to-neutral voltage unbalance in a distribution system with neutral

Forward phase-to-phase voltage (vector) in a distribution system without neutral

Urms

Reverse phase-to-phase voltage (vector) in a distribution system with neutral

Urms

Phase-to-phase voltage unbalance in a distribution system with neutral

[ ] [ ] [ ]

⋅+⋅+=

)2VFrmsa1VFrmsa0VFrms(

)2UFrmsa1UFrmsa0UFrms(

Forward current (vector)

Arms

Reverse current (vector)

Arms

−

[ ] [ ] [ ]

⋅+⋅+=

)2AFrmsa1AFrmsa0AFrms(

Page 94

Current unbalance (vector)

Arms

−

and the imaginary parts ak, the harmonic factor is calculated for each order (j) and for each phase (i) Vharm[i]

=Aunb

16.1.2.9. Fundamental rms values (excluding neutral – over one second)

These are calculated from the ﬁltered vector (instantaneous) values. A digital ﬁlter made up of 6 low-pass order 2 inﬁnite pulse response Butterworth ﬁlters and one high-pass order 2 inﬁnite pulse response Butterworth ﬁlter is used to extract the fundamental components.

16.1.2.10. Fundamental angular values (excluding neutral – over one second)

 2 phase-to-neutral voltages  2 line currents  2 phase-to-phase voltages  One phase-to-neutral voltage and one line current (distribution systems with neutral)  One phase-to-phase voltage and one line current (2-wire two-phase distribution systems)

16.1.3. HARMONIC MODE

16.1.3.1. FFT (neutral included except for Uharm and VAharm – over 4 consecutive periods every second)

These calculations are carried out by FFT (16 bits), 1024 points over four cycles, with a rectangular window (see IEC61000-4-7). From the real parts b [j], Uharm[i][j] and Aharm[i][j] with respect to the fundamental and the angles Vph[i][j], Uph[i][j] and Aph[i][j] with respect to the fundamental. For the neutral-earth voltage and the neutral current, the level of harmonics is calculated for each order (j) Vharm[3] [j] and Aharm[3][j] with respect to the total RMS value (AC+DC) of the complete signal (the harmonic angles are not calculated).

Note: The calculations are performed sequentially: {V1; A1} then {V2; A2} then {V3; A3} then {UN ; AN} then {U1; U2} and ﬁnally

{U3}. In the case of a 2-wire two-phase distribution source, the couple {V1; A1} is replaced by the couple {U1; A1}.

The level in % with respect to the fundamental [% f] ⇔

The level in % with respect to the total RMS value [% r] ⇔

The angle with respect to the fundamental in degrees [°] ⇔

 



 



+=+=

512

bajabc

kkkkk



+⋅=



ksk





+⋅=



ksk



 

512

1024

∑

1024

∑

1024

∑

sin

cos

   

with

    

 

100

∑

arctan

100

==m







 



ϕϕ

−





ck is the amplitude of the component of order

is the sampled signal at the fundamental frequency

m =

with a frequency

fk= .

Page 95

[ ][ ]

∑

−

Aharm

iAharm

jiAharm

is the DC component.

k is the index of the spectral spike (the order of the harmonic component is

Note: The power harmonic factors are calculated by multiplying the phase-to-neutral voltage harmonic factors by the current

harmonic factors. The power harmonic angles (VAharm[i][j] and VAph[i][j]) are calculated by differentiating the phase-toneutral voltage harmonic angles with the current harmonic angles. In the case of a 2-wire two-phase distribution source, the phase-to-neutral voltage V1 is replaced by the phase-to-phase voltage U1 and one obtains the harmonic power levels UAharm[0][j] and the harmonic power angles UAph[0][j].

16.1.3.2. Harmonic distortions

Two global values giving the relative quantity of the harmonic are calculated:

 the THD as a proportion of the fundamental (also noted THD-F),  the THD as a proportion of the total RMS-AC value (also noted THD-R).

Total harmonic distortion of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 2] (THD-F)

[ ]

iVthdf

Total harmonic distortion of channel (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 3] (THD-R).

∑

[ ]

∑

[ ][ ]

iVharm

[ ][ ]

niVharm

[ ]

niVharm

[ ]

niVharm

i Uthdf,

∑

[ ][ ]

iUharm

[ ][ ]

niUharm

[ ]

niUharm

[ ]

iAthdf ,

iAthdr , i Uthdr, iVthdr

m =

===

∑

∑∑∑

nnn

===

[ ][ ]

iAharm

[ ][ ]

niAharm

The THD as a proportion of the RMS-AC value (THD-R) is also called the distortion factor (DF).

16.1.3.3. Harmonic loss factor (without neutral – over 4 consecutive periods every second)

Harmonic loss factor of the phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 2]

16.1.3.4. K factor (excluding neutral – over 4 consecutive cycles every second)

K factor for phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 2], e ∈ [0.05; 0.1] and q ∈ [1.5; 1.7]

[ ]

16.1.3.5. Sequence harmonics (over 3 × (4 consecutive cycles) every second)

Negative-sequence harmonics

[ ]

⋅

∑

= iFHL

∑

[ ][ ]

∑

1 = iFK

∑

[ ][ ]

niAharmn

niAharm

[ ][ ]

niAharm

niAharmn

⋅

Page 96

Three-phase systems with neutral

[ ][ ]

∑

−

Uharm

iUharm

jiUharm

[ ][ ]

∑

Aharm

iAharm

jiAharm

[ ][ ]

∑

Uharm

iUharm

jiUharm

[ ] [ ][ ] [ ][ ]

∑

−

⋅⋅=

NechSec

niAniV

NechSec

Vharm

Three-phase systems without neutral

−

[ ][ ]

iVharm

jiVharm

∑

Zero-sequence harmonics

Aharm

Three-phase systems with neutral

Vharm

Three-phase systems without neutral

Uharm

Positive -sequence harmonics

[ ][ ]

∑

jiAharm

[ ][ ]

iAharm

[ ][ ]

jiVharm

[ ][ ]

iVharm

[ ][ ]

jiUharm

[ ][ ]

iUharm

Three-phase systems with neutral

Vharm

Three-phase systems without neutral

16.1.4. POWER

Powers without neutral – over one second

16.1.4.1. Distribution system with neutral

Active power of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 2].

[ ][ ]

iVharm

jiVharm

∑

Page 97

DC power of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0 ; 2].

[ ] [ ] [ ]

iAdciVdci ⋅=Wdc

[ ] [ ][ ] [ ][ ]

∑

−

⋅⋅=

NechSec

nAnU

NechSec

Apparent power of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 2].

Reactive power of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 2] (Non-active quantities broken down).

−

NechSec

[ ] [ ] [ ][ ]

VARFVAR

NechSec

∑

][[

niVF

NechPer

AFVF

⋅−⋅==

]

niAF

Distortion power of the phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 2] (Non-active quantities broken down).

222

3VARF3W3VA3ADV −−=

WVAiARV ii −=

VARFWVA[i]iADV ii −−=

3W3VA3ARV −=

[ ] [ ] [ ]

Non-active power of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0;2] (Non-active quantities broken down).

[ ] [ ] [ ]

AR VA

Total active power W[3] = W[0] + W[1] + W[2]

Total DC power Wdc[3] = Wdc[0] + Wdc[1] + Wdc[2]

Total apparent power VA[3] = VA[0] + VA[1] + VA[2]

Total reactive power (Non-active quantities broken down) VAR[3] = VARF[3] =VARF[0] + VARF[1] + VARF[2]

Total distortion power (Non-active quantities broken down)

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

Total non-active power (Non-active quantities non broken down)

[ ] [ ] [ ]

16.1.4.2. Three-phase system without neutral

Three-phase distribution systems without neutral are considered as a whole (no phase-by-phase power calculation). The device therefore displays only the total quantities.

The two-wattmeter method (Aron method or two-element method) is applied for the calculation of the total active power, of the total reactive power and of the total DC power.

a) Reference in L1

Active power, Wattmeter 1

Active power, Wattmeter 2

−

NechSec

[ ] [ ][ ] [ ][ ]

Reactive power, Wattmeter 1

NechSec

[ ] [ ][ ]

0VARF

NechSec

∑

NechSec

∑

⋅−⋅=

nAnU

−

UF AF

][2[

nUF

NechPer

⋅−⋅=

nAF

Page 98

Reactive power, Wattmeter 2

[ ] [ ] [ ]

220Wdc AdcUdc ⋅=

[ ] [ ] [ ]

101Wdc AdcUdc ⋅−=

[ ] [ ][ ] [ ][ ]

∑

−

⋅⋅=

NechSec

nAnU

NechSec

[ ] [ ] [ ]

000Wdc AdcUdc ⋅=

[ ] [ ] [ ]

211Wdc AdcUdc ⋅−=

−

NechSec

[ ] [ ][ ]

1VARF

DC power, Wattmeter 1

DC power, Wattmeter 2

b) Reference in L2

Active power, Wattmeter 1

Active power, Wattmeter 2

[ ] [ ][ ] [ ][ ]

NechSec

Reactive power, Wattmeter 1

[ ] [ ][ ]

0VARF

NechSec

∑

−

NechSec

UF AF

∑

⋅−⋅=

−

UF AF

∑

][0[

nUF

nAnU

nUF

NechPer

⋅−−⋅=

⋅−⋅=

nAF

Reactive power, Wattmeter 2

−

NechSec

∑

NechSec

∑

NechSec

[ ] [ ][ ]

1VARF

DC power, Wattmeter 1

DC power, Wattmeter 2

c) Reference in L3

Active power, Wattmeter 1

[ ] [ ][ ] [ ][ ]

Active power, Wattmeter 2

[ ] [ ][ ] [ ][ ]

NechSec

Reactive power, Wattmeter 1

[ ] [ ][ ]

0VARF

UF AF

∑

−

⋅−⋅=

−

⋅⋅=

−

UF AF

∑

NechPer

][1[

nUF

nAnU

NechPer

][2[

nUF

⋅−−⋅=

nAF

⋅−−⋅=

nAF

Reactive power, Wattmeter 2

NechSec

∑

[ ] [ ][ ]

1VARF

−

UF AF

][1[

nUF

NechPer

⋅−⋅=

nAF

Page 99

DC power, Wattmeter 1

[ ] [ ] [ ]

020Wdc AdcUdc ⋅−=

[ ] [ ] [ ]

111Wdc AdcUdc ⋅=

[ ] [ ] [ ]

1W0W3W +=

[ ] [ ] [ ]

1Wdc0Wdc3Wdc +=

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

[ ] [ ] [ ]

3VARF3WVA[3]3ADV −−=

[ ] [ ] [ ]

3W3VA3ARV −=

[ ] [ ][ ] [ ][ ]

∑

−

⋅⋅=

NechSec

nAnU

NechSec

[ ] [ ] [ ]

000Wdc AdcUdc ⋅=

[ ] [ ] [ ]

0Arms0Urms0VA ⋅=

[ ] [ ] [ ]

0W0VA0ARV −=

DC power, Wattmeter 2

d) Calculation of the total quantities

Total active power

Total DC power

Total apparent power

[ ]

3VA

Note: This is the total apparent RMS power as deﬁned in IEEE 1459-2010 for distribution systems without neutral.

Total reactive power (Non-active quantities broken down – Conﬁguration >Methods of calculation >VAR)

1ARFV0ARFV3ARFV3ARV +==

222222

AAAUUU ++++=

]2[]1[]0[]2[]1[]0[

rmsrmsrmsrmsrmsrms

Total distortion power (Non-active quantities broken down – Conﬁguration >Calculation methods >VAR)

Total non-active power (Non-active quantities not broken down – Conﬁguration >Calculation methods >VAR)

AR VA

16.1.4.3. Two-phase systems without neutral

Two-phase distribution systems without neutral (2-wire two-phase) are treated as single-phase distribution systems having their voltage reference on L2 rather than N (neutral).

Active power

DC power

Apparent power

Reactive power (Non-active quantities broken down – Conﬁguration >Calculation methods >VAR)

[ ] [ ] [ ][ ]

Distortion power (Non-active quantities broken down – Conﬁguration >Calculation methods >VAR)

[ ] [ ] [ ]

Non-active power (Non-active quantities not broken down – Conﬁguration >Calculation methods >VAR)

0VARF0VAR

NechSec

AR VA

−

NechSec

UF AF

∑

0VARF0WVA[0]0ADV −−=

][0[

nUF

NechPer

⋅−⋅==

nAF

Page 100

16.1.5. POWER RATIOS (EXCLUDING NEUTRAL – OVER ONE SECOND)

[ ]

[ ] [ ]

3V3WF

3WF

3DPF

ARF+

[ ] [ ][ ] [ ][ ] [ ][ ] [ ][ ] [ ][ ] [ ][ ]

∑∑∑

−

⋅+⋅+⋅=

2211003WF

NechSec

nAFnVFnAFnVFnAFnVF

[ ] [ ][ ] [ ][ ] [ ][ ]

∑∑∑

−

⋅−+⋅−+⋅−=

][2[1]

][1[0]

][0[3V

NechSec

nAF

NechPer

nVFnAF

NechPer

nVFnAF

NechPer

nVFARF

[ ]

3WF

3VARF

3Tan =

[ ]

[ ] [ ]

3VARF3WF

3WF

3DPF+=

a) Distribution system with neutral

Power Factor of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 2].

Fundamental power factor of phase (i+1) or cosine of the angle of the phase-to-neutral voltage fundamental of phase (i+1) with respect to the current fundamental of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 2]

Note: The fundamental power factor is also called the displacement factor.

Tangent of phase (i+1) or tangent of the angle of the phase-to-neutral voltage fundamental of phase (i+1) with respect to the current fundamental of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 2]

Total power factor

[ ]

3PF

]3[

Total fundamental power factor

With :

AF VF AF VF AF

Note: The fundamental power factor is also called the displacement factor.

Total tangent

b) Three-phase system without neutral

Total power factor

[ ]

3PF

]3[

Total fundamental power factor

100

Chauvin Arnoux C.A 8335, Qusali Star Plus User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

1.1. UNPACKING

1. GETTING STARTED

1.2. CHARGING THE BATTERY

1.3. CHOICE OF LANGUAGE

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE DEVICE

2.1. FUNCTIONS

2.2. OVERALL VIEW

2.3. ON/OFF SWITCH

2.4. DISPLAY

2.5. KEYPAD KEYS

2.6. CONNECTORS

2.7. POWER SUPPLY

2.8. THE STAND

2.9. ABBREVIATIONS

3. USE

3.1. START-UP

3.2. CONFIGURATION

3.3. INSTALLATION OF LEADS

3.4. FUNCTIONS OF THE DEVICE

4. CONFIGURATION

4.1. CONFIGURATION MENU

4.2. DISPLAY LANGUAGE

4.3. DATE/TIME

4.4. DISPLAY

4.5. CALCULATION METHODS

4.6. CONNECTION

4.7. SENSORS AND RATIOS

4.8. CAPTURE MODE

4.9. TREND MODE

4.10. MODE ALARM MODE

4.11. ERASE MEMORY

4.12. ABOUT

5. WAVEFORM CAPTURE

5.1. TRANSIENT MODE

5.2. INRUSH CURRENT MODE

6. HARMONIC

6.1. PHASE-TO-NEUTRAL VOLTAGE

6.2. CURRENT

6.3. APPARENT POWER

6.4. PHASE-TO-PHASE VOLTAGE

6.5. EXPERT MODE

7. WAVEFORM

7.1. MEASUREMENT OF TRUE RMS VALUE

7.2. MEASUREMENT OF TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION

7.3. MEASUREMENT OF THE PEAK FACTOR

7.4. MEASUREMENT OF EXTREME AND MEAN VOLTAGE AND CURRENT

7.5. SIMULTANEOUS DISPLAY

7.6. DISPLAY OF FRESNEL DIAGRAM

8. ALARM MODE

8.1. ALARM MODE CONFIGURATION

8.2. PROGRAMMING AN ALARM CAMPAIGN

8.3. DISPLAY OF THE LIST OF CAMPAIGNS

8.4. DISPLAY OF LIST OF ALARMS

8.5. DELETING AN ALARM CAMPAIGN

8.6. ERASING ALL ALARM CAMPAIGNS

9. TREND MODE

9.1. PROGRAMMING AND STARTING RECORDING

9.2. TREND MODE CONFIGURATION

9.3. VIEWING THE RECORDING LIST

9.4. DELETING RECORDINGS

9.5. VIEWING THE RECORDS

10. POWER AND ENERGY MODE

10.1. 3L FILTER

10.2. FILTERS L1, L2 AND L3

10.3. FILTER Σ

10.4. STARTING ENERGY METERING

10.5. DISCONNECTION OF ENERGY METERING

10.6. RESET OF ENERGY METERING

11. SCREEN SNAPSHOT MODE

11.1. SCREEN SNAPSHOTS

11.2. HANDLING OF SCREEN SNAPSHOTS

12. HELP KEY

13. DATA EXPORT SOFTWARE

14. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

14.1. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

14.2. MECHANICAL CONDITIONS