
I. 
INTRODUCTION 
A. 
Physical 
Ina 
Fluidotherapy 
medium 
air  
vided  
fluidization,  
coming  
other  
particles  
markedly  
particles.  
viscosity  
are 
This 
the  
sion 
phase.  
almost  
variety 
is 
formed 
through 
particles. 
microscopically 
by 
the 
has 
from 
The 
fluid, 
generally 
property 
body 
into 
of 
these 
The 
as 
freely 
of 
resistive 
and 
Engineering 
unit, 
an 
by 
uniformly 
the 
bottom 
is 
established 
rising 
unusual 
either 
fluidized 
exhibiting 
attributable 
permits 
the 
fluidized 
parts 
patient 
as 
of a bed 
The 
resulting 
separated 
gas. 
This 
properties 
those 
bed 
characteristics 
submergence 
is 
very 
can 
in 
water 
exercises. 
Principles 
air-fluidized 
distributing 
of 
finely 
state, 
by 
the 
particles 
from 
"fluidized 
which 
of 
the 
gas 
or 
behaves 
to a liquid 
bed 
much 
exercise 
and 
like a low 
state. 
of 
and 
the 
suspen- 
like a liquid 
in 
the 
can 
perform 
solid 
di- 
termed 
be- 
each 
bed” 
of  
differ  
of 
the 
which 
parts 
of 
bath 
a 
B. 
Principles 
Figure 1 
Fluidotherapy 
(A) 
contains 
trol 
the 
of 
the 
heater 
and 
controlled 
of 
the 
temperature 
ture, 
theothercontrolsit. 
and 
side 
through 
(B) 
and 
(D. 
Heated  
tributor  
particles 
wiched  
and a 
third 
patient 
sors. 
Wooden 
the 
distributor 
C. 
Control 
For 
proper 
the 
airflow, 
ment 
chamber. 
safety 
provisions 
In 
particular, 
temperature 
heater  
years,  
have 
various 
been 
of 
Operation 
illustrates 
unit 
the 
electronic 
speed 
of 
the 
(C). 
Bed 
by 
thermistors 
sensors 
entrances, 
filter 
(H) 
then 
over 
heater 
air 
then 
(J) 
into 
the 
bed 
(K). 
The 
between 
from 
being 
two 
plate 
(L) 
contacting 
supports  
and 
Principles 
operation, 
and 
the  
In 
mustbeincorporated 
one 
must 
being 
on 
without 
controllers 
employed. 
the 
general 
operation. 
blower 
temperature 
(F) 
respectively. 
flows 
(C) 
into 
flows  
of 
finely 
foam 
perforated 
is 
there 
the 
(M) 
plates 
it 
is 
temperature 
additionto 
guard 
too 
high, 
principles 
Control 
circuits 
(B) 
and 
(D) 
measures 
and 
(G)  are 
through 
plenum 
through 
divided 
distributor 
to 
temperature 
are 
in 
place. 
necessary 
basic 
against 
and 
air 
flow. 
and 
control 
and 
metal 
used 
of 
panel 
which 
con- 
the 
output 
is 
sensed 
(E). 
One 
tempera- 
the 
top 
Air 
enters 
theblower 
chamber 
foam 
dis- 
Cellex* 
is 
sand- 
plates, 
prevent 
in 
against 
the 
sen- 
to 
hold 
to 
control 
the 
treat- 
controls, 
as 
well. 
the 
bed 
the 
Over 
the 
schemes 
4

IH 
Cross 
sectional 
view 
fluidotherapy 
Figure 
of a typical 
1 
unit. 
A 
= 
С 
1973-1978 
1978-1982 
1982-1985 
1985- 
Motor 
Control 
Dayton 
Low 
Circuit 
Low 
Circuit 
Low 
Circuit 
Model 
Hysteresis 
Hysteresis 
Hysteresis 
4X797 
Triac 
Triac 
Triac 
Heater 
Control 
(On-Off) 
Duty-cycle 
Duty-cycle 
Duty-cycle 
Fenwall 
Modulated 
Modulated 
Modulated 
Thermostat 
Control 
Control 
Control 
Timer 
Dayton 
Dayton 
Electronic 
(button 
Electronic 
(membrane 
Model 
Model 
Module 
control) 
Module 
2E270B 
2E270B 
switches) 
Safety 
features 
Snap-Disc 
Grainger 2 E634  
Temperature-sensing 
thermistor 
if 
bed 
Low-current 
on 
which  
low 
Snap-Disc 
located 
Circuit 
from 
pletely 
Snap-Disc 
heater. 
blower 
completely  
is 
on.  
cuts  
under 
is 
above 
motor 
cuts 
motor 
at 
to 
being 
off 
Circuit 
from 
Pressure 
off 
power 
blower 
controller 
prevent 
Thermostat, 
(in 
bed) 
cuts 
off 
heater 
140ºF. 
sensing 
off 
current. 
Thermostat 
heater. 
turned 
when 
Thermostat 
being 
off 
heater 
blower 
com- 
heater 
to 
prevent 
turned 
when  
sensor  
if 
pressure 
falls 
to 
circuit 
at 
is 
at 
heater 
which 
ambient. 
on. 
Other  
Changes 
1973-1986 
Until 
1978, 
solder 
connectors 
have  been 
connecti 
ions 
were 
employed. 
em] 
loyed. 
From 
1978 
to 
1985, 
spade 
connectors  were 
used. 
Since 
1986, 
modular

ur. 
TROUBLE 
When 
receiving a service 
1. 
If 
the 
LED 
2. 
That 
there 
caused 
SA 
How 
(under 
= 
. 
That 
. 
That 
warmup). 
Some 
A. 
by 
long  they 
heavy 
the 
air 
the 
unit 
typical 
PROBLEM: 
SHOOTING 
display  
is 
poor 
scenarios, 
is 
functioning 
good 
fluidization 
fluidization). 
have 
had 
use, 
motor 
filters 
are 
clean. 
is 
at 
steady 
and 
Unit 
is 
- 
call, 
it 
is 
(because 
the 
unit, 
brushes 
state 
(because 
diagnoses 
too 
hot, 
useful 
(this 
and 
will 
are: 
and 
won't 
to 
ascertain: 
means 
wear 
the 
poor 
temperature 
how 
long 
out 
in 
transients 
cool 
unit 
has 
since 
about 
can 
occur 
down 
power). 
control 
the 
last 
one 
can 
service 
year). 
during 
be 
Condition: 
Diagnosis: 
Condition:  
Possible 
Condition: 
Possible 
Condition: 
Possible 
PROBLEM: 
Diagnosis: 
Diagnosis: 
Diagnosis: 
Lowest 
There 
this.  
ture 
Lowest 
Lowest 
temperature 
is 
nothing 
Use 
at 
below 
temperature 
Inlet  
Leak  
Too  
Motor 
temperature 
Wrong 
Same  
Heater 
Temperature 
Controller  
Bad 
temperature 
LM324 
IC 
Unit 
will 
not 
is 
wrong. 
lower 
motor 
105°F 
is 
required. 
is 
air 
screen 
(recycle) 
hot 
in 
room 
almost 
above 
temperature 
as 
110°F 
light 
burned 
above 
110°F, 
out 
temperature 
sensor) 
or 
SC150D 
#2 
heat 
above  about 
105°F 
(with 
Motor  
setting 
about 
dirty 
around 
worn 
heat 
110°F 
motor 
out 
120°F 
reading 
diagnoses 
out 
heater 
of 
calibration 
sensor 
Triacs 
heater 
alone 
in 
cooler 
(with 
(with 
heater 
light 
won't 
(verify 
have 
failed 
107°F 
off, 
can 
room, 
heater 
off, 
go 
by 
switching 
account 
if 
tempera- 
off) 
out 
for 
Condition: 
Possible 
Condition: 
Possible 
Heater 
Diagnoses: 
Heater 
Diagnoses: 
light 
not 
on 
(Post 
1985 
failed 
or 
has  
Temperature  
Control  
(Post  
motor 
light 
Heater  
Thermal 
Fuse  
Fuse 
circuit 
1982 
failed 
on 
failure 
snap-disc 
failure  
holder 
Model) 
been 
disconnected. 
sensor 
calibration 
Models) 
broken
Pressure 
failure 
Low-current 
sensor 
incorrect 
failure 
safety 
cutoff 
switch 
circuit 
on 

PROBLEM: 
Digital  
bed 
readout 
temperature 
temperature 
is 
different 
from 
Condition: 
Possible 
Diagnoses: 
PROBLEM: 
Condition: 
Diagnoses: 
PROBLEM: 
Condition:  
Possible 
Condition: 
Possible 
Diagnoses: 
Diagnoses: 
Bed 
temperature 
Most 
thermometers 
SF, 
also 
depends 
discrepancy  
limb 
immersion, 
Controller  
shows 
Small, 
Recalibration 
No 
fluidization-- 
Power 
No 
power 
set 
at, 
different 
or 
large 
temperature 
required 
to 
motor 
Motor 
brushes 
Poor 
connection 
to 
motor 
Motor 
fuse 
Motor 
controller 
was 
measured 
are 
the 
temperature 
on 
the 
depth 
is 
more 
than 
and 
recalibrate. 
for 
example 
temperature 
offsets 
motor 
off 
worn 
of 
motor 
failure 
with 
thermometer 
only 
accurate 
measured 
of 
immersion. 
5%, 
verify 
115°F, 
but 
wires 
to  2- 
If 
the 
by 
readout 
PROBLEM: 
Condition: 
Possible 
PROBLEM: 
Condition:  
Possible 
Diagnoses: 
Diagnoses: 
Low 
fluidization 
Motor 
is 
good  
Air  
Adjustable  
high--See 
Uneven 
High  motor 
distribution 
Distributor  
Airflow 
leak 
in 
speed 
must 
bottom 
resistor 
II. 
A. 
or 
spouting 
needs 
be 
adjusted-See 
of 
in 
to 
be 
unit 
or 
motor 
resealed 
around 
circuit 
too 
II. 
В.
motor 

THE 
OVERALL 
SYSTEM 
Figure 2 shows 
final 
system. 
‘a 
separate 
is a phase-controlled 
to 
the 
motor, 
The 
heater  
control  
maintains 
heaters  
cycle, 
The 
switch, 
(event 
The  
temperature  
temperature  
with 
put  
The  
controls  
found  
duty 
less 
continuous 
the 
switches. 
on 
with a fixed 
other 
shutting 
of 
inadeguate 
circuitry 
an 
associated 
controls a pulse 
output 
the 
that 
cycle, 
than 
duty 
cycle 
the 
block 
The 
motor 
block 
of 
the 
control 
temperature 
and 
part 
controller 
of 
heater 
the 
operating 
ten 
heat 
circuit 
One 
off 
with a variable 
time 
of 
the 
circuit 
down 
bed 
which 
dependent 
amplifier, 
the 
pulse 
switch. 
heaters, 
in 
seconds, 
output 
of 
the 
control 
AC 
acts 
diagram 
control 
system. 
voltage 
control 
by 
the 
air 
is 
current 
width 
width 
with 
recycle 
have a smooth, 
proportional 
circuit 
Its 
output 
applied 
has a pair 
switch 
switching 
recycle 
as a feedback 
composed 
period. 
acts 
asa 
safety 
heaters 
in 
flow. 
source, 
whose 
modulator. 
modulator 
It 
has 
controlled 
periods 
signal. 
of 
the 
of 
the 
duty 
the 
of 
out- 
been 
of 
to 
is 
a 
The  Control 
Measurement 
Figure 
and 
System 
2 
| 
HEATER 
+ 
SENSOR 
REFERENCE] 
BED 
T 
SENSOR 
da 
= 
DI 
CONTROL 
HEATER 
INHIBIT 
———> 
ICOMPARATORI 
HEATER 
SWITCH 
| 
Wolor 
HEATER 
PULSE  
WID' 
= 
MODULATOR 
= 
PRESSURE 
SWITCH