Charlotte Pipe ChemDrain User Manual

ChemDrain

TECHNICAL AND INSTALLATION MA NU AL

CPVC Chemical Waste Drain System

(Updated August 2011)

®

TM-CD

TECHNICAL MANUAL

Monroe, North Carolina

Muncy, Pennsylvania

INTRODUCTION

Charlotte Pipe and Foundry is a privately held company committed to providing the highest quality products and service to the plumbing industry. We offer a full line of pipe and ﬁttings in a wide range of materials. Our ChemDrain® Chemical Waste Drain System uses CPVC pipe and ﬁttings speciﬁcally designed for management of chemical waste. The ChemDrain® System is designed and manufactured to provide easier installation, fewer callbacks and virtually trouble-free service for as long as the system is in use.

Charlotte Pipe and Foundry’s investment in state-of-theart production equipment and outstanding customer service have created an excellent source of supply for our customers. We are constantly focusing on process improvement to ﬁnd better ways to further enhance customer service. We’ve invested millions in increasing manufacturing efﬁciency, productivity and capacity. Because we manufacture for inventory, we are able to ship orders complete and in a timely manner.

ChemDrain® Technical Manual

Cameron, Texas

Huntsville, Alabama Cedar City, Utah

Manufacturing Facilities

• Monroe, North Carolina • Wildwood, Florida

Wildwood, Florida

Charlotte Pipe, ChemDrain and “You can’t beat the system” are registered trademarks of Charlotte Pipe and Foundry Company.

2

• Muncy, Pennsylvania • Huntsville, Alabama

• Cameron, Texas • Cedar City, Utah

TABLE OF CONTENTS

GENERAL INFORMATION Page

Introduction to Charlotte Pipe and Foundry ..................................................................... 2

Understanding Safety Alert Messages .............................................................................. 4

Major Advantages of CPVC Pipe ...................................................................................... 5

Beneﬁts of CPVC ........................................................................................................... 6

Recommended Product Applications ................................................................................ 6

Best Uses of CPVC ........................................................................................................ 6

Product Certiﬁcation ..................................................................................................... 8

Recommended Product Speciﬁcation ............................................................................... 9

ChemDrain® CPVC-CW Schedule 40 Pipe and Fittings ................................................... 9

Handling and Storage of CPVC Pipe ............................................................................... 10

Receiving Pipe ............................................................................................................ 10

Handling Pipe ............................................................................................................. 10

Storing Pipe ............................................................................................................... 10

DESIGN AND ENGINEERING DATA

Weathering ...................................................................................................................... 11

UV Exposure .............................................................................................................. 11

Cold Weather Considerations ....................................................................................... 11

Fluid Flow Properties ................................................................................................. 12-13

Gravity Flow .............................................................................................................. 12

Manning Roughness Factor .......................................................................................... 12

Fluid Flow Rate .......................................................................................................... 13

Expansion and Contraction of CPVC Pipe ................................................................. 13-14

Expansion Loops ................................................................................................... 13-14

Support Spacing for CPVC Pipe ................................................................................ 14-15

Chemical Resistance ....................................................................................................... 16

Chemical Resistance Charts ....................................................................................... 17-24

CONVERSION CHARTS ................................................................................................... 25-26

INSTALLATION PROCEDURES

Connection Options ......................................................................................................... 27

Exclusive Charlotte Pipe TrueFit® System .................................................................... 27

Advantages of Solvent Welding .................................................................................... 27

Installation Procedures for ChemDrain CPVC Systems ................................................... 28

Basic Principles of Solvent Welding ............................................................................. 28

Cements ...................................................................................................................... 28

Making the Joint .................................................................................................... 29-30

Applicators ................................................................................................................. 30

Applicator Type ........................................................................................................... 31

Joint Curing ................................................................................................................ 31

Flanging CPVC Pipe .................................................................................................... 31

Connecting CPVC to Other Materials ........................................................................... 32

Making Joints with ChemDrain Chemical Couplings ...................................................... 32

Installation of Threaded Connections ............................................................................ 32

External Taper Thread Dimensions ............................................................................... 33

Underground Installation ........................................................................................... 34-35

Trenching ................................................................................................................... 34

Bedding and Backﬁlling ............................................................................................... 35

TESTING AND INSPECTION

Testing a ChemDrain CPVC System ................................................................................ 36

Hydrostatic Test .............................................................................................................. 36

LIMITED WARRANTY ........................................................................................................... 37

REFERENCE STANDARDS ................................................................................................... 38

Charlotte, Charlotte Pipe, ChemDrain and “You can’t beat the system” are registered trademarks of Charlotte Pipe and Foundry Company.

3

GENERAL INFORMATION

ChemDrain® Technical Manual

Understanding safety alert Messages

It is important to read and understand this manual. It contains information to help protect your safety and prevent problems.

“WARNING” Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in severe injury or death.

“CAUTION” Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or mo derate injur y.

“NOTICE” Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in system failure and property damage.

READ & SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS

4

GENERAL INFORMATION

Major advantages of CPvC

Charlotte Pipe’s ChemDrain® CPVC chemical waste system, manufactured with CPVC, provides a durable and economical disposal solution for many chemical waste applications. For more than 50 years, CPVC has been used in a variety of chemical processing applications. Now, Charlotte Pipe is offering ChemDrain CPVC pipe and ﬁttings speciﬁcally engineered for laboratory chemical waste disposal systems.

Commercial and academic laboratories generate liquid waste that must be treated or neutralized before reaching the sewer system. One of the major beneﬁts of CPVC is its resistance to a broad range of acids and corrosive chemicals. This range makes it an ideal system for labs, which use an unusually wide variety of chemicals. Additionally, a chemical waste drainage system must be able to handle the routine disposal of both hot and cold chemicals.

CPVC is an attractive alternative to glass, stainless steel, lined steel, high silicon cast iron, PP (polypropylene) and PVDF (polyvinylidene ﬂuoride) for chemical waste and an excellent choice for long-term value.

Chemical waste piping systems must be designed to convey the mixtures of corrosive liquids generated by commercial and institutional laboratories to a point where it is either sufﬁciently diluted or neutralized before being discharged into the sanitary sewer system. CPVC is particularly well-suited to the task because it exhibits excellent chemical resistance to a broad range of chemicals including strong and dilute acids, bases, caustics, salts, aliphatic solutions and other common reagents. In addition, ChemDrain CPVC can convey liquids in gravity drainage applications at temperatures up to 220° F.

CPVC also overcomes many common problems that have been inherent in chemical waste piping systems up until now. Glass and high silicon iron systems are cumbersome, fragile, and have a high initial cost. Polypropylene lacks the ability to withstand the elevated temperatures that are common in some systems and isn’t as good as CPVC in some highly concentrated acids. PVDF is excellent in strong acids but not recommended for many common alkaline solutions. And both polypropylene and PVDF are usually installed using time-consuming, complicated and at times unreliable fusion joining methods. It’s easy to make consistent reliable joints in the ChemDrain system using simple hand tools, a specially formulated one-step solvent cement and easily trained labor. Bottom line, the ChemDrain CPVC system is often the best single choice for chemical waste drainage.

The ChemDrain CPVC pipe and ﬁtting system is much easier to join than the mechanical or heat fusion PP or PVDF systems. CPVC pipe is lightweight, approximately one-sixth the weight of iron and requires no special tools for cutting. Each piece is manufactured by Charlotte Pipe to exacting standards to avoid time-consuming trouble or delays during installation. And there’s no expensive heat fusion equipment to buy or rent.

Failure to follow safety precautions may result in misapplication or improper installation and testing which can cause severe personal injury and / or property damage.

Primers and cements are extremely flammable and may be explosive. Do not store or use near heat or open flame, or death or serious injury may occur.

• Solvent fumes created during the joining process are

heavier than air and may be trapped in newly installed piping systems.

• Ignition of the solvent vapors caused by spark or flame

may result in injury or death from explosion or fire.

• Read and obey all manufacturers' warnings and any

instructions pertaining to primers and cements.

• Provide adequate ventilation to reduce fire hazard and to minimize inhalation of solvent vapors when working

with cements, primers and new piping systems.

CPVC is joined by solvent cement – the most commonly used technique for thermoplastic pipe and ﬁttings in the chemical processing industry – which results in a permanent weld. Solvent cementing has been employed for decades to join thermoplastic pipe and ﬁtting systems for a variety of applications including corrosive ﬂuids at elevated temperatures.

ChemDrain one-step solvent cement is designed to create a intermolecular bond between pipe and ﬁtting surfaces. Once properly applied and cured, the joint is permanent. Melted joints, corrosion of exposed internal heating wires and burnthrough, all problems in the joining systems of heat-fused plastic products, are not possible with CPVC.

Our ChemDrain CPVC Solvent Cement has been specially formulated for chemical resistance to caustics including hypochlorites, mineral acids and other corrosive chemicals. Charlotte Pipe manufactures both ChemDrain pipe and ﬁttings to our exacting tolerances, meaning everything is designed to ﬁt together properly. This is the exclusive Charlotte Pipe TrueFit® System.

5

GENERAL INFORMATION

compressed air or gas in PVC / ABS / CPVC

Beneﬁts of CPVC Include:

Cost Effective

• CPVC is easy to install, reliable and durable, lowering your total costs of ownership over the life of the system. CPVC piping is extremely lightweight, convenient to handle and competitively priced against alternative materials. When properly installed and used, its durability and resistance to chemical corrosion make it a long-term, cost-effective option.

Easy Installation

• CPVC pipe is lightweight, approximately one-half the weight of aluminum and one-sixth the weight of steel, and requires no special tools for cutting. Each piece is manufactured by Charlotte Pipe to exacting standards to avoid time-consuming trouble or delays during installation. Also, CPVC has smooth, seamless walls and can be installed with fast and reliable solvent welded joints.

Failure to follow proper installation practices, procedures, or techniques may result in personal injury, system failure or property damage.

• Use a solvent cement / primer applicator that is 1/2 the size of the pipe's diameter. Too large an applicator will result in excess cement inside the fitting. Too small an applicator will not apply sufficient cement.

• Cut pipe square.

• Do not use dull or broken cutting tool blades when cutting pipe.

• Do not test until recommended cure times are met.

ChemDrain® Technical Manual

Testing with or use of compressed air or gas in PVC / ABS / CPVC pipe or fittings can result in explosive failures and cause severe injury or death.

• NEVER test with or transport/store

pipe or fittings.

• NEVER test PVC / ABS / CPVC pipe or fittings with compressed air or gas, or air over water boosters.

• ONLY use PVC / ABS / CPVC pipe for water or approved chemicals.

• Refer to warnings in PPFA User Bulletin 4-80 and ASTM D 1785.

Corrosion Resistance

• CPVC is inert to most acids, bases, salts and a variety of organic media, within certain limits of concentration and temperature. A chemical waste management system of CPVC piping provides the chemical resistance for a wide variety of dedicated and mixed chemical applications when properly diluted by ﬂushing with water. CPVC also eliminates the disadvantages found in alternative piping materials, such as borosilicate glass, high-silicon cast iron or double-containment piping, which can be heavy, fragile and expensive to purchase, install and maintain.

reCoMMended ProdUCt aPPliCation

A ChemDrain® CPVC chemical waste management system offers a wide-ranging solution to the dilution and disposal needs of institutional and academic laboratories. When properly designed, installed and utilized, the system will deliver years of reliable, problem-free service.

Best Uses of CPVC

One of the key advantages of a ChemDrain CPVC system is its resistance to a broad range of acidic and caustic chemicals. The inherent wide-ranging chemical resistance has led to the Charlotte ChemDrain system being tested and certiﬁed for chemical waste drainage by NSF International and bears the mark NSF-cw.

CPVC compares favorably to other commonly used nonmetallic chemical wast e piping mate rials and has a

To the best of our knowledge the information contained in this publication is accurate. However, Charlotte Pipe and Foundry does not assume any liability whatsoever for the accuracy or completeness of such information. Final determination of the suitability of any information or product for the use to be contemplated is the sole responsibility of the user. The manner of use and whether there is any infringement of patents is also the sole responsibility of the user.

6

GENERAL INFORMATION

“recommended” rating for widely-used concentrations of many corrosive chemicals and common laboratory reagents. Please refer to the comprehensive chemical resistance chart on pages 17 through 23 for information on both CPVC as well as the ﬂuoroelastomer which is used in ChemDrain Transition ﬁttings as well as important notes concerning the use of CPVC in chemical waste applications.

The Chemical Resistance data located in this manual is for CPVC in a typical laboratory drainage environment. To reduce the risk of system failure, always evaluate the chemical resistance information and project specific factors.

• Laboratory Drainage is defined as: The routine noncontinuous disposal of a wide variety of hot and cold chemicals in relatively small quantities in a gravity drainage system accompanied by water sufficient for the purpose of dilution and flushing.

• Refer to the Plastics Technical and Installation Manual available at www.charlottepipe.com for chemical resistance information for industrial or continuous chemical drainage applications.

• Chemical resistance of plastics is dependent on concentration, possible interactions with other chemicals, temperature, stress and other factors.

7

GENERAL INFORMATION

ChemDrain® Technical Manual

Product Certiﬁcation

ChemDrain® CPVC chemical waste system is a complete system of pipe, ﬁttings, solvent cement and accessories. Charlotte Pipe and Foundry CPVC pipe and ﬁttings are listed for chemical waste systems by NSF International and bear the mark NSF-cw. For additional information log on to www.nsf.org.

Physical Properties of CPVC Material

PROPERTY CPVC 4120 UNITS STANDARD

Mechanical Properties

Speciﬁc Gravity 1.55 ASTM D 792

Tensile Strength (73°F) 7,000 psi ASTM D 638

Modulus of Elasticity in Tension (73°F) 360,000 psi ASTM D 638

Flexural Strength (73°F) 15,100 psi ASTM D 790

Izod Impact Cell Class 23447 (notched at 73°F) Min. 1.5 Fittings ft lb/ in. ASTM D 256

Hardness (Durometer D) – ASTM D 2240

Hardness (Rockwell R) 119 ASTM D 785

Compressive Strength (73°F) 10,100 psi ASTM D 695

Hydrostatic Design Stress 2,000 psi

Thermal Properties

Heat Distortion Temperature at 264 psi Minimum 212°F (Cell Class 23447) degrees F ASTM D 648

Coefﬁcient of Thermal Conductivity .95 BTU/ hr/sq ft/ °F/ in. ASTM C 177

Coefﬁcient of Linear Expansion 3.4 x 10-5 in./ in./ °F ASTM D 696

Speciﬁc Heat 0.34 BTU/lb°F ASTM D 2766

Water Absorption (24 hrs at 73°F) .03 % weight gain ASTM D 570

Cell Classiﬁcation 23447-Pipe and Fittings ASTM D 1784

Flammability

Limiting Oxygen Index 60% ASTM D2883

Burning Rate Self Extinguishing ASTM D 635

Burning Class V-0 UL 94

Flame & Smoke Rating

Flame Spread 0 CAN/ULC S 102.2

Smoke Developed2 8-22

Solvent Cement Heavy Body, ASTM F 493

Mustard Yellow Color

1

Above data is based upon information provided by the raw material manufacturers. It should be used only as a recommendation and not as a guarantee of performance.

1

Based on test of physical product, as opposed to test of material only. Test was conducted on 11⁄2” - 6” pipe.

2

Results vary based on pipe diameter.

8

GENERAL INFORMATION

reCoMMended sPeCifiCation

System: ChemDrain

Scope: This speciﬁcation covers CPVC Schedule 40 pipe and ﬁttings for chemical waste drain applications.

ChemDrain is intended for use in non-pressure drain applications where the temperature will not exceed 220° F.

Speciﬁcation: Pipe and ﬁttings shall be manufactured as a system, be the product of one manufacturer and be manufactured

in the United States. All pipe, ﬁttings and solvent cement shall be supplied together as a system, as Charlotte Pipe ChemDrain chemical waste system manufactured by Charlotte Pipe and Foundry. Pipe and ﬁttings shall conform to National Sanitation Foundation Standard (NSF) 14.

Special drainage systems for corrosive chemical or acid waste shall be manufactured from CPVC Type

IV, Grade I, ASTM Cell Class 23447. All system components shall be certiﬁed by NSF International for use in chemical waste drain systems and bear the mark NSF-cw. All system piping shall be Schedule 40 CPVC produced to the dimensional requirements of ASTM F 2618 and the manufacturer’s speciﬁcations. All pipe ﬁttings shall be CPVC drainage patterns meeting the requirements of ASTM F 2618 and the manufacturer’s speciﬁcations, as applicable.

Installation shall comply with the latest installation instructions published by Charlotte Pipe and Foundry

and shall conform to all applicable plumbing, ﬁre and building code requirements. Buried pipe shall be installed in accordance with ASTM D 2321 and ASTM F 1668. Solvent welded joints shall be made with ChemDrain One-Step solvent cement conforming to ASTM F 493. The system shall be protected from items that are not compatible with CPVC compounds; materials like thread sealants, plasticized vinyl products, ﬁre stopping devices or other aggressive chemical agents. Systems shall be hydrostatically tested after installation. WARNING! Use of compressed air or gas in CPVC pipe or ﬁttings can result in explosive failures and cause severe injury or death.

®

CPVC-CW Schedule 40 Pipe and Fittings

Signiﬁcance and Use:

The requirements of this speciﬁcation are intended to provide pipe, ﬁttings and drains suitable for use in

chemical waste disposal within the limitations described in this manual.

Reference Standards*: ASTM D 1784 Rigid CPVC Vinyl Compounds ASTM D 2321 Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe (non-pressure applications) ASTM F 493 Solvent Cements for CPVC Pipe and Fitting ASTM F 1668 Procedures for Buried Plastic Pipe ASTM F 2618 NSF Standard 14 Plastic Piping Components and Related Materials *Note: Latest revision of each standard applies.

Standard for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Chemical Waste Drainage Systems

reCoMMended sPeCifiCation short forM

Special drainage systems for corrosive or acid waste shall be manufactured from CPVC Type IV, Grade I compounds with a minimum cell classiﬁcation of 23447. Pipe and Fittings shall conform to ASTM F 2618. Pipe shall be Schedule 40 dimensions. One-Step Solvent Cement shall be specially formulated for chemical waste applications and conform to ASTM F 493. All pipe, ﬁttings and cement shall be supplied as a system by a single manufacturer and shall be certiﬁed by NSF International for use in corrosive waste drain systems and shall bear the mark “NSF-cw”. Special Drain system is to be the ChemDrain® system as manufactured by Charlotte Pipe and Foundry Co. Installation to be in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions and all applicable code requirements. Buried pipe shall be installed in accordance with ASTM D 2321 and ASTM F 1668. The special drainage system is intended for the listed chemicals for use in non-pressure chemical waste applications with a maximum working temperature of 220° F.

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GENERAL INFORMATION

ChemDrain® Technical Manual

handling and storage of CPvC PiPe

Receiving Pipe

When receiving CPVC pipe, thoroughly inspect pipe before unloading. For pipe transported on an open truck bed, examine for shipping damage from over-tightened tie-down straps, improper treatment or a shift in load. If pipe is delivered in a closed trailer, the inspection should happen when the trailer is ﬁrst opened. Make sure the pipe has not been damaged by a load shift, rough handling or having other materials stacked on top of it.

To inspect CPVC pipe:

• Examine visually for cracks, splits, gouges or other forms of damage.

• Check for severe deformation of pipe as this may cause joining problems during assembly.

• Inspect interior for internal splits or cracks in all pipes measuring 4 inches in diameter or more. A ﬂashlight may be necessary to perform this part of the inspection satisfactorily.

If damage is found, all parties involved, including the driver, must be made aware of the damage. Also note damage on the bill of lading and/or delivery ticket. Notify Charlotte Pipe and the carrier within 24 hours of any damage, as well as delivery errors or shortages.

Handling Pipe

CPVC piping is incredibly sturdy. As a result, workers sometimes have a tendency to treat it as if it is indestructible. However, reasonable care should be used during handling to reduce the

risk of damaging the pipe. Refrain from unnecessary abuse when unloading, storing and handling. Do not drop pipe from trucks, drag pipe over the ground or step on pipes. When unloading, do not drag or push pipe from truck bed. Remove and handle pallets of pipe with a forklift.

NOTE: Avoid contact with sharp objects such as rocks, angle irons or the forks of a forklift. Pipe should never be lifted or moved by inserting forks of a forklift into the pipe ends.

NOTE: In addition to following these guidelines, extra care should be used when handling CPVC pipes measuring 4 inches in diameter or more. Because of the additional pipe weight, even a minor impact can cause cracking. Plastic pipe also becomes more brittle as the temperature decreases. Use extra precautions when handling pipe at temperatures of 50°F and lower.

Storing Pipe

Store CPVC pipe in a heated, ventilated area, preferably indoors. If CPVC pipe is stored outdoors for long periods, cover it with a non-transparent material to avoid UV exposure. When storing outside, place pipe on level ground that is dry and free of sharp objects. CPVC pipe with the thickest walls should be placed on the bottom of the pile if different schedules of pipes are stacked together.

Pipe that is in pallets should be stacked with the pallet boards touching. Pallet boards should not be placed directly on CPVC pipe, as they can damage the pipe or cause it to bow. If pipe is stored in racks, the pipe should be supported continuously along its length. If this is impossible, supports should be no more than 3 feet apart.

10

DESIGN AND

ENGINEERING DATA

Weathering

UV Exposure

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight can cause surface discoloration in CPVC pipe. The reaction occurs when energy from the sun excites the molecular bonds in the plastic, but affects only the exposed surface of the pipe to a shallow depth of 0.001 to 0.003 inches. The reaction ends when exposure to sunlight ends.

Placing an opaque shield between the sun and the pipe prevents UV degradation. CPVC pipe should be covered with an opaque material when stored outdoors for long periods of time. Burying CPVC pipe provides protection against UV attack.

Painting pipe with latex (water-based) paint also will help protect CPVC pipe installed above ground. However, proper surface preparation is crucial for painted pipe. First, clean the CPVC pipe to remove moisture, dirt and oil, and then wipe dry with a clean cloth. NOTICE: Do not use petroleum-based paints as the petroleum will prevent the paint from properly bonding to the pipe.

Cold Weather Considerations

CPVC is a ductile material that expands and contracts more than metallic plumbing pipe does. However, like all plumbing materials, CPVC must be protected from freezing with proper insulation in accordance with all plumbing codes.

Like other piping materials, CPVC may split when liquids freeze in it, causing potential system failure and severe personal injury.

If a CPVC line should freeze, it is crucial to thaw the line if possible. If the frozen section of pipe is accessible, blow heated air directly onto the pipe using a low wattage heater/blower. When thawing a frozen CPVC line, the heat source should not exceed 180°F. Electrical heat tapes also can be applied to the area.

Also, eliminate the source of cold air that caused the pipe to freeze. Until this can be done, drain the system if overnight temperatures are likely to drop below 32°F.

11

DESIGN AND

ENGINEERING DATA

Charlotte Pipe’s ChemDrain® System offers a complete solution for creating a state-of-the-art CPVC chemical waste drain system that can deliver years of reliable, trouble-free service. From proper installation techniques to chemical resistance to ﬂuid ﬂow calculations, the pages that follow lay out everything needed to design and install a ChemDrain system for optimum performance.

Charlotte Pipe urges users to carefully study this information and to follow it precisely. ChemDrain has been created as a total system, and all warranties and guarantees depend on designing and implementing the system as recommended.

flUid floW ProPerties

Gravity Flow

CPVC is an extremely smooth material. Its low surface friction properties make CPVC as smooth as glass, but without its disadvantages (weight, high breakability). To determine the ﬂuid velocity, pipe size and hydraulic slopes for a gravity drain, it is best to use the Manning’s equation shown below. In the equation:

V = Velocity of ﬂow in feet/second N = Manning’s value (see “Manning Roughness

Factor”, below) R = The hydraulic radius, in feet. This is obtained by dividing the cross-sectional area of ﬂow by the wetted perimeter of the pipe in contact with the ﬂow. (R is a special case for V with pipes that are either 1/2 full or full; in those cases, R = inside diameter / 4, in feet)

S = Upstream elevation – Downstream elevation/(ft./ft.)

pipe length V = 1.486 R

N

2/3 S1/2

ChemDrain® Technical Manual

Example 2:

Calculate the gravity ﬂow for a 4”-diameter Schedule 40 CPVC pipe, ﬂowing half full over a 10-foot pipe run with a

1.5-inch drop.

S = 20”-18.5” / 12” = 0.0125 ft./ft. 10 ft.

R = 4.026” / 12” = 0.0839 ft. 4

Assume “N” to be 0.010. Then:

V = 1.486 (0.0839)

0.010

V = 3.2 ft./second

Charlotte Pipe generally recommends a ﬂow velocity of at least 2.0 feet per second for self-cleaning drain lines.

In both examples shown, the design being evaluated exceeds this recommendation.

2/3

(0.0125)

1/2

Manning Roughness Factor (“N” Value)

The Manning “N” value is a commonly used ﬂow coefﬁcient. This coefﬁcient expresses the “smoothness” of the interior walls of various types of piping material. The Manning value is used when making calculations for liquids with a steady ﬂow, at a constant depth, in a prismatic open channel.

The “N” value for CPVC pipe ranges from 0.008 to 0.012, making it comparable in smoothness to glass, polypropylene and PVDF and som ewhat smo other on average than competitive high-silicon iron systems.

Example 1:

Calculate the gravity ﬂow for a 2”-diameter, Schedule 40 CPVC pipe, ﬂowing full over a 30-foot pipe run with a 7.5inch drop.

S = 17.5”-10.0” / 12” = 0.0208 ft./ft. 30 ft.

R = 2.067” / 12” = 0.043 ft. 4

2/3

V = 1.486 R N

Manning’s “N” value can range from 0.008 to 0.012. However, for gravity sewer systems, we generally use 0.009.

V = 1.486 (0.043)

0.009

V = 2.9 ft./second

12

S

1/2

2/3

(0.0208)

1/2

DESIGN AND

ENGINEERING DATA

Fluid Flow Rate

Use the following calculation to determine the volumetric ﬂow rate. In the equation:

Q = aV V = Flow velocity in feet/second a = A cross-sectional area of ﬂow in feet squared (ft.2) Q = Volume ﬂow rate in cubic feet (ft.3) per second

Example 1

a = πDi2 = π (2.067/12)2 = 0.0233 ft 4 4

V = 2.9 ft/sec

Q = 0.0233 x 2.9 = 0.0676 ft3/sec

Q = 0.0676 ft3 x 7.48 gal x 60 sec = 30.3 gals sec ft3 min min

Example 2

a = 1/2 ( πDi 4 2 x 4

V = 3.2 ft/sec

Q = 0.0442 x 3.2 = 0.141 ft3/sec

Q = 0.141 ft3 x 7.48 gal x 60 sec = 63.5 gals sec ft3 min min

(Same scenario as Gravity Flow Example 1 on previous page)

2

(Same scenario as Gravity Flow Example 2 on previous page)

2

) = π (4.026/12)

2

= 0.0442 ft

2

:

exPansion and ContraCtion of CPvC

As the temperature varies, CPVC pipe lengths expand and contract. Typically, CPVC expands ﬁve times as much as steel or iron pipe. When designing a plumbing system to compensate for thermal expansion and contraction, installation temperature versus the maximum working temperature must be considered. Thermal variations in CPVC lengths depend on three factors:

• The coefﬁcient of linear expansion;

• The length of pipe between directional changes; and

• The temperature differential.

The coefﬁcient of linear expansion (Y) is expressed in inches of expansion for every 10° F change in temperature over 100 feet of pipe. For CPVC, the value of Y is 0.408.

The amount of expansion or contraction can be calculated using the following formula:

∆L = Y (T1-T2) x L h 10 100

Where: ∆L = The dimensional change due to ther mal

expansion or contraction in inches.

Y = The expansion coefﬁcient for CPVC (0.408) T1-T2 = The difference between the temperature at

the time of installation and the maximum or minimum system temperature, (choose the one that provides the greatest differential), in °F.

L = The length of pipe run between changes in

direction, in feet.

Example:

How much expansion can be expected in a 60-foot straight run of ChemDrain® CPVC pipe installed at 70° F and operating at 140°F?

Solution:

∆L = 0.408 (140-70) x 60 =0.408 x 7 x 0.6 = 1.71 in. 10 100

For vertical stacks in above-grade applications, compensation for ther mal expansion is recommended . This can be accomplished by installing a horizontal offset in the piping system at every other ﬂoor. For example, in a three-story installation, an offset in the piping system at the second ﬂoor would be recommended. Compensation for thermal expansion is not required for the vent system.

The results, shown in the following table, are presented simply as a handy guide for quick and easy determinations of acceptable loop lengths for the approximate conditions.

Failure to compensate for expansion and contraction caused by temperature change may result in system failure and property damage.

• Do not restrict expansion or contraction. Restraining movement in piping systems is not recommended and may result in joint or fitting failure.

• Use straps or clamps that allow for piping system movement.

• Align all piping system components properly without strain. Do not bend or pull pipe into position after being solvent welded.

• Do not terminate a pipe run against a stationary object (example: wall or floor joist).

• Do not install fittings under stress.

CPVC Pipe Schedule 40 (ASTM F 441)

Calculated Offset Lengths with ∆T of approx. 80°F

Length of Run in Feet

Nominal 40 60 80 100 Pipe Size Loop Length (L) in Inches

11⁄2” 35 43 50 56 2” 40 49 57 64 3” 52 63 73 82 4” 58 72 83 92 6” 71 87 100 112

13

DESIGN AND

ENGINEERING DATA

In underground applications, it is easy to compensate for expansion and contraction by snaking the pipe in the trench. Solvent-welded joints must be used. See the “Underground Installation” section for more details.

NOTICE: Due to exothermic reactions which can be caused by the mixing of chemicals, temperatures within the system may become elevated. It is important to consider this when designing for expansion and contraction.

NOTE: This manual is not a complete engineering reference addressing all aspects of design and installation of thermal expansion in piping systems. Many excellent references are available on this topic. The American Society of Plumbing Engineers (www.ASPE.org) Data Book, Volume 4, 2008, Chapter 11 is an excellent resource for engineers on designing for thermal expansion.

sUPPort sPaCing for CPvC PiPe

Any piping system requires adequate support, and this is particularly true of ﬂexible piping material such as CPVC. The size of the pipe, the location of heavy ﬁttings and the mechanical properties of the piping material all inﬂuence the amount of support needed and the types of hangers that will work best.

ChemDrain® Technical Manual

The design of a CPVC piping system should follow the same general principles used to design steel piping systems. However, there are several notable exceptions:

1. With CPVC, give direct support to concentrated loads such as ﬂanges to eliminate high-stress concentrations. If direct support is impossible, support the pipe as close to the load as possible.

2. If large temperature ﬂuctuations are possible, allow for expansion and contraction in the length of the pipe in the design. In most cases, changes in pipe direction will provide sufﬁcient leeway. However, hangers must not be allowed to restrict this movement.

3. Where changes in direction occur, provide support as close as possible to the ﬁtting. This will prevent excessive stresses that can twist or wrench the system (torsional stresses).

4. Since CPVC pipe expands approximately 5 times more than steel, select and install hangers to allow for this movement. When using a clamp-type hanger, for example, do not allow the hanger to force the pipe and ﬁttings into position.

5. Hangers should provide as much load-bearing surface as possible. To prevent damage to the pipe, ﬁle any sharp edges or burrs on hangers or supports before installation.

6. Do not place CPVC lines alongside steam or other hightemperature pipe lines or objects.

NOTICE: The above information provides general guidelines. It should be used only as a reference and not as a guarantee or performance. Speciﬁc installation instructions and techniques may be required as a result of local plumbing and building codes, engineering speciﬁcations and instructions.

Failure to follow proper installation practices, procedures, or techniques may result in personal injury, system failure or property damage.

• Use a solvent cement / primer applicator that is 1/2 the size of the pipe's diameter. Too large an applicator will result in excess cement inside the fitting. Too small an applicator will not apply sufficient cement.

• Cut pipe square.

• Do not use dull or broken cutting tool blades when cutting pipe.

• Do not test until recommended cure times are met.

• Align all piping system components properly without strain. Do not bend or pull pipe into position after being solvent welded.

14

Most plumbing and building codes require horizontal piping to be supported based on the diameter of the piping material. Always install support spacing in accordance with applicable plumbing and building codes.

Properly support vertical CPVC piping for the vertical load involved. The design should include a mid-story guide, unless thermal expansion requirements dictate a different approach. Do not tightly anchor pipe to the supports; instead, secure it to allow for natural thermal-induced movement.

The following chart shows the recommended support spacing for ChemDrain® CPVC pipe. This spacing recommendation applies to continuous spans of un-insulated lines with no concentrated loads when carrying liquids with a speciﬁc gravity of 1.00 or less.

DESIGN AND

ENGINEERING DATA

Recommended Support Guidelines (in feet)

Pipe

Diameter

(in.)

60 80 100 120 140 180 11⁄2 61⁄2 61⁄2 61⁄2 51⁄2 5 3

2 61⁄2 6 6 51⁄2 5 3 3 8 7 7 7 6 31⁄2

4 8

1

⁄2 71⁄2 71⁄2 7 61⁄2 4 6 91⁄2 81⁄2 8 71⁄2 7 41⁄2 8 91⁄2 81⁄2 8 71⁄2 7 5

Temperature °F

Pipe Hangers, Clamps and Supports

Clevis Hanger

1

⁄2 to 30 in. pipe

Band Hanger

1

⁄2 to 8 in. pipe

NOTE: Always follow local code requirements for horizontal hanger spacing. Most plumbing codes require that CPVC pipe have a maximum horizontal hanger spacing of not more than four feet for pipe sizes 11⁄2 inch and larger.

Roller Hanger 21⁄2 to 20 in. pipe

Adj. Swivel Roller Hanger 21⁄2 to 12 in. pipe

Split Ring Hanger

3

⁄8 to 8 in. pipe

Adj. Clevis For Insulated Lines

3

⁄4 to 12 in. pipe

Pipe Clamp

1

⁄2 to 24 in. pipe

Split Ring Hanger Adj. Swivel Ring

3

⁄4 to 8 in. pipe

Adj. Swivel Ring

1

⁄2 to 8 in. pipe

Double Bolt Pipe Clamp

3

⁄4 to 36 in. pipe

Single Pipe Roll 1 to 30 in. pipe

Roller Chair 2 to 12 in. pipe

Anchor Strap

1

⁄2 to 4 in. pipe

Adj. Pipe Roll Support 1 to 30 in. pipe

Pipe Roll Stand 2 to 42 in. pipe

U Bolt

1

⁄2 to 30 in. pipe

15

DESIGN AND

ENGINEERING DATA

CheMiCal resistanCe

CPVC is resistant to most acids, bases, salts and a wide variety of organic compounds; see list of speciﬁc chemicals starting on page 17. Charlotte ChemDrain® CPVC is very well suited to use in commercial, institutional and academic laboratory drainage. This chemical resistance data is for CPVC in a typical laboratory drainage environment. Laboratory drainage is deﬁned as:

The routine disposal of a wide variety of hot (up to 220°F) and cold chemicals in relatively small quantities in a gravity drainage system accompanied by water sufﬁcient for the purpose of dilution and ﬂushing.

The Chemical Resistance data located in this manual is for CPVC in a typical laboratory drainage environment. To reduce the risk of system failure, always evaluate the chemical resistance information and project specific factors.

• Laboratory Drainage is defined as: The routine noncontinuous disposal of a wide variety of hot and cold chemicals in relatively small quantities in a gravity drainage system accompanied by water sufficient for the purpose of dilution and flushing.

• Refer to the Plastics Technical and Installation Manual available at www.charlottepipe.com for chemical resistance information for industrial or continuous chemical drainage applications.

• Chemical resistance of plastics is dependent on concentration, possible interactions with other chemicals, temperature, stress and other factors.

ChemDrain® Technical Manual

• Failure to follow proper installation practices, procedures, or techniques may result in system failure, personal injury and proper ty damage.

• ChemDrain is not recommended for DWV applications.

Important Note:

• Some chemicals that do not normally adversely effect CPVC can cause environmental stress cracking when a piping system is exposed to excessive stress. Types of external stresses include expansion/contraction, improper support or installation. Tests show that samples under external stress may exhibit cracking when exposed to strong surfactants and certain oils and/or animal or vegetable fats. Special consideration should be taken during design and installation to avoid unusual stress in the piping system. CPVC Chemical Waste systems are not listed nor recommended for sanitary DWV applications.

CPVC can be used for industrial (continuous chemical) drainage, but for those applications the chemical resistance charts in the Charlotte® Plastics Technical Manual must be used. Contact Charlotte Technical Services for more information or assistance at www.charlottepipe.com. Chemical resistance data contained in those manuals is provided for initial compatibility evaluation purposes only. Due to the many variables involved and possible interaction and mixing of chemicals within systems, Charlotte recommends that users test under actual service conditions to determine ﬁnal suitability for a particular purpose. This chemical resistance chart does not represent a warranty for the performance of CPVC piping systems in any speciﬁc application.

16

See www.charlottepipe.com for most current data.

Chemical Resistance

DESIGN AND

ENGINEERING DATA

The following table lists the chemical resistance suitability of CPVC ChemDrain thermoplastic piping materials and Fluoroelastomer (FKM), a commonly used seal material. The information shown is based upon laboratory tests conducted by the manufacturers of the

The chemical resistance table shown within this manual is for CPVC in a typical laboratory drainage environment. To reduce the risk of system failure, always evaluate the chemical resistance information and project specific factors.

materials, and it is intended to provide a general guideline on the resistance of these materials to various chemicals. NOTICE: This information is not a guarantee, and any piping systems using products made of these materials should be tested under actual service conditions to determine their suitability for a particular purpose. See website for most current data: www.charlottepipe.com.

C = Consult Charlotte Pipe NR = Not Recommended

R = Recommended • • = No Data

ChemDrain® CPVC Fluoroelastomer (FKM) in Laboratory Transition Drainage Couplings Service (AW 95C, AW 96C)

Acetaldehyde, pure NR NR Acetic Acid, <10% R R Acetic Acid, > 50% NR NR Acetic Anhydride R NR Acetone, <20% R R Acetone, pure NR NR Acetonitrile, pure R NR Acetyl Chloride R R Acetophenone NR • • Acrylic Acid, pure R NR Acrylonitrile, pure R NR Adipic Acid R R Alcohol, Allyl, pure R NR Alcohol, Amyl, up to 1% R R Alcohol, Amyl, >1% NR R Alcohol, Benzyl R R Alcohol, Butyl (Butanol) R R Alcohol, Diacetone R NR Alcohol, Ethyl (Ethanol) R R Alcohol, Hexyl (Haxanol) R • • Alcohol, Isopropyl (Isopropanol) R R Alcohol, Methyl (Methanol) R NR

Alcohol,

Alcohol, Alcohol, Octyl (1-n-Octanol) R R Alcohol, Propyl (Propanol) R R Allyl Alcohol, pure R NR Allyl Chloride NR R Alum R R Aluminum Acetate R NR Aluminum Chloride R R Aluminum Fluoride R R Aluminum Hydroxide R R Aluminum Nitrate R R Aluminum Sulfate R R

Methyl (Methanol), up to 10%

Methyl (Methanol), >10%

R C

R NR

C = Consult Charlotte Pipe NR = Not Recommended

R = Recommended • • = No Data

ChemDrain® CPVC Fluoroelastomer (FKM) in Laboratory Transition Drainage Couplings Service (AW 95C, AW 96C)

Amines C NR Ammonia R NR Ammonium Acetate R NR Ammonium Benzoate R • • Ammonium Biﬂuoride R R Ammonium Carbonate R R Ammonium Chloride R R Ammonium Citrate R • • Ammonium Dichromate R • • Ammonium Fluoride R R Ammonium Hydroxide R C Ammonium Metaphosphate R • • Ammonium Nitrate R R Ammonium Persulfate R R Ammonium Phosphate R R Ammonium Sulfamate R NR Ammonium Sulfate R R Ammonium Sulﬁde R R Ammonium Thiocyanate R R Ammonium Tartrate R • • Amyl Acetate NR NR Amyl Alcohol, up to 1% R R Amyl Alcohol, >1% NR R Amyl Chloride C R Aniline NR R Aniline Hydrochloride NR R Anthraquinone NR C

Anti-Freeze: See Alcohols, Glycols and Glycerin Antimony Trichloride, aqueous R R Aqua Regia R R Arsenic Acid R R Aryl Sulfonic Acid R • • Asphalt NR R Barium Carbonate R R Barium Chloride R R

See www.charlottepipe.com for most current data.

17

DESIGN AND

ENGINEERING DATA

ChemDrain® Technical Manual

Chemical Resistance

The following table lists the chemical resistance suitability of CPVC ChemDrain thermoplastic piping materials and Fluoroelastomer (FKM), a commonly used seal material. The information shown is based upon laboratory tests conducted by the manufacturers of the materials, and it is intended to provide a general guideline on the resistance of these materials to various chemicals. NOTICE: This information is not a guarantee, and any piping systems using products made of these materials should be tested under actual service conditions to determine their suitability for a particular purpose. See website for most current data: www.charlottepipe.com.

C = Consult Charlotte Pipe NR = Not Recommended

R = Recommended • • = No Data

ChemDrain® CPVC Fluoroelastomer (FKM) in Laboratory Transition Drainage Couplings Service (AW 95C, AW 96C)

Barium Hydroxide R R Barium Nitrate R R Barium Sulfate R R Barium Sulﬁde R R Beer R R Beet Sugar Liquors R R Benzaldehyde NR NR Benzene NR R Benzene Sulfonic Acid R R Benzoic Acid, aqueous R R Benzyl Alcohol R R Benzyl Chloride NR R Bismuth Carbonate R R Black Liquor R R Bleach R R Blood R R Borax R R Boric Acid R R Brine Acid R • • Bromic Acid R • • Bromine, liquid R R Bromine, aqueous R • • Bromobenzene NR R Bromotoluene NR • • Butanol, pure R R Butyl Acetate NR NR Butyl Carbitol R R Butyl Cellosolve NR NR Butyl Phenol NR • • Butyric Acid, >1% NR C Cadmium Acetate R NR Cadmium Chloride R • • Cadmium Cyanide R R Cadmium Sulfate R • • Calcium Acetate R NR

The chemical resistance table shown within this manual is for CPVC in a typical laboratory drainage environment. To reduce the risk of system failure, always evaluate the chemical resistance information and project specific factors.

C = Consult Charlotte Pipe NR = Not Recommended

R = Recommended • • = No Data

ChemDrain® CPVC Fluoroelastomer (FKM) in Laboratory Transition Drainage Couplings Service (AW 95C, AW 96C)

Calcium Bisulﬁde R R Calcium Bisulﬁte R R Calcium Carbonate R R Calcium Chlorate R R Calcium Chloride R R Calcium Hydroxide R R Calcium Hypochlorite R R Calcium Nitrate R R Calcium Oxide R R Calcium Sulfate R R Cane Sugar Liquors R R Caprolactam, aqueous R NR Caprolactone, aqueous R NR Carbitol R R Carbolic Acid, pure R R Carbon Disulﬁde NR R Carbon Tetrachloride NR R Carbonic Acid R R Castor Oil NR R Caustic Potash R R Caustic Soda R NR Cellosolve R NR Cellosolve Acetate R NR Chloramine, aqueous R NR Chloric Acid R • • Chlorine, aqueous R R Chlorine Dioxide, aqueous R R Chloroacetic Acid, pure R NR Chlorobenzene NR R Chloroform NR R Chromic Acid, 40% R R Chromium Nitrate R • • Citric Acid R R Citrus Oils R • • Coconut Oil NR R

18

See www.charlottepipe.com for most current data.

Chemical Resistance

DESIGN AND

ENGINEERING DATA

The following table lists the chemical resistance suitability of CPVC ChemDrain thermoplastic piping materials and Fluoroelastomer (FKM), a commonly used seal material. The information shown is based upon laboratory tests conducted by the manufacturers of the

The chemical resistance table shown within this manual is for CPVC in a typical laboratory drainage environment. To reduce the risk of system failure, always evaluate the chemical resistance information and project specific factors.

materials, and it is intended to provide a general guideline on the resistance of these materials to various chemicals. NOTICE: This information is not a guarantee, and any piping systems using products made of these materials should be tested under actual service conditions to determine their suitability for a particular purpose. See website for most current data: www.charlottepipe.com.

C = Consult Charlotte Pipe NR = Not Recommended

R = Recommended • • = No Data

ChemDrain® CPVC Fluoroelastomer (FKM) in Laboratory Transition Drainage Couplings Service (AW 95C, AW 96C)

Coffee R • • Copper Acetate R NR Copper Carbonate R R Copper Chloride R R Copper Cyanide R R Copper Fluoride R • • Copper Nitrate R R Copper Sulfate R R Corn Oil NR R Corn Syrup R R Cottonseed Oil NR R Creosote NR R Cresol NR R Crotonaldehyde R NR Cumene NR R Cupric Fluoride R R Cupric Sulfate R R Cuprous Chloride R • • Cyclohexane R R Cyclohexanol R R Cyclohexanone R NR Decahydronaphthalene R • • Detergents R R Dextrin R R Dextrose R R Diacetone Alcohol R NR Dibutoxyethyl Phthalate NR C Dibutyl Ether NR NR Dibutyl Phthalate NR NR Dibutyl Sebacate NR NR Dichlorobenzene NR R Dichloroethylene NR C Diesel Fuel NR R Diethylamine NR NR Diethyl Cellosolve R NR

C = Consult Charlotte Pipe NR = Not Recommended

R = Recommended • • = No Data

ChemDrain® CPVC Fluoroelastomer (FKM) in Laboratory Transition Drainage Couplings Service (AW 95C, AW 96C)

Diethyl Ether NR NR Diglycolic Acid R • • Dill Oil C • • Dimethyl Phthalate NR R Dimethylamine NR NR Dimethylformamide NR • • Dimethylhydrazine NR • • Dioctyl Phthalate NR C Disodium Phosphate R R Dioxane, pure R NR Distilled Water R R Dry Cleaning Fluid NR R EDTA, Tetrasodium- R • • Ethanol, pure R R Ethyl Acetate R NR Ethyl Acetoacetate R NR Ethyl Acrylate R NR Ethyl Benzene NR R Ethyl Chloride NR R Ethyl Chloroacetate NR • • Ethyl Ether NR NR Ethyl Formate NR • • Ethyl Mercaptan NR • • Ethyl Oxalate NR • • Ethylene Bromide NR • • Ethylene Chloride NR R Ethylene Chlorohydrin NR R Ethylene Glycol, <50% R R Ethylene Glycol, >50% NR R Ethylene Oxide R NR Ethylenediamine R NR 2-Ethylhexanol NR C Fatty Acids C R Ferric Chloride R R Ferric Hydroxide R R

See www.charlottepipe.com for most current data.

19

DESIGN AND

ENGINEERING DATA

ChemDrain® Technical Manual

Chemical Resistance

The following table lists the chemical resistance suitability of CPVC ChemDrain thermoplastic piping materials and Fluoroelastomer (FKM), a commonly used seal material. The information shown is based upon laboratory tests conducted by the manufacturers of the materials, and it is intended to provide a general guideline on the resistance of these materials to various chemicals. NOTICE: This information is not a guarantee, and any piping systems using products made of these materials should be tested under actual service conditions to determine their suitability for a particular purpose. See website for most current data: www.charlottepipe.com.

C = Consult Charlotte Pipe NR = Not Recommended

R = Recommended • • = No Data

ChemDrain® CPVC Fluoroelastomer (FKM) in Laboratory Transition Drainage Couplings Service (AW 95C, AW 96C)

Ferric Nitrate R R Ferric Sulfate R R Ferrous Chloride R R Ferrous Hydroxide R R Ferrous Nitrate R R Ferrous Sulfate R R Fish Oil C R Fluoboric Acid R • • Fluosilicic Acid R R Formaldehyde, 35-50% aqueous R NR

Formalin Formic Acid, pure R NR Fructose R R Furfural NR NR Gallic Acid, aqueous R R Gasoline NR R Gelatine R R Glucose R R Glycerine R R Glycol, Ethylene, <50% R R Glycol, Ethylene, >50% NR R Glycol, Polyethylene (carbowax) R R Glycol, Polypropylene, >25% NR • • Glycol, Propylene, <25% R R Glycol, Propylene, >25% NR R Glycolic Acid R • • Glyoxal, aqueous R • • Green Liquor R • • Halocarbon Oils NR • • Heptane R R Hexane R R Hexanol R • • Hydrazine R NR Hydrobromic Acid R R Hydrochloric Acid R R

(37% to 50% Formaldehyde)

R NR

The chemical resistance table shown within this manual is for CPVC in a typical laboratory drainage environment. To reduce the risk of system failure, always evaluate the chemical resistance information and project specific factors.

C = Consult Charlotte Pipe NR = Not Recommended

R = Recommended • • = No Data

ChemDrain® CPVC Fluoroelastomer (FKM) in Laboratory Transition Drainage Couplings Service (AW 95C, AW 96C)

Hydrocyanic Acid R R Hydroﬂuoric Acid R NR Hydrogen Peroxide, 50% R R Hydrogen Sulﬁde, aqueous R NR Hydroquinone, aqueous R R Hydroxylamine Sulfate R • • Hypochlorous Acid R R Iodine R R Isobutyl Alcohol R R Isophorone NR NR Isopropanol, pure R R Isopropyl Acetate R NR Isopropyl Chloride NR R Isopropyl Ether NR NR Kerosene NR R Ketchup R R Kraft Liquors R R Lactic Acid R R Lard Oil NR R Lauryl Chloride R • • Lead Acetate R NR Lead Chloride R R Lead Nitrate R R Lead Sulfate R • • Lemon Oil C • • Ligroin R R Limonene R • • Linoleic Acid C R Linseed Oil C R Lithium Bromide R R Lithium Chloride R R Lithium Hydroxide R C Lithium Sulfate R R Magnesium Carbonate R R Magnesium Chloride R R

20

See www.charlottepipe.com for most current data.

Chemical Resistance

DESIGN AND

ENGINEERING DATA

The following table lists the chemical resistance suitability of CPVC ChemDrain thermoplastic piping materials and Fluoroelastomer (FKM), a commonly used seal material. The information shown is based upon laboratory tests conducted by the manufacturers of the

The chemical resistance table shown within this manual is for CPVC in a typical laboratory drainage environment. To reduce the risk of system failure, always evaluate the chemical resistance information and project specific factors.

materials, and it is intended to provide a general guideline on the resistance of these materials to various chemicals. NOTICE: This information is not a guarantee, and any piping systems using products made of these materials should be tested under actual service conditions to determine their suitability for a particular purpose. See website for most current data: www.charlottepipe.com.

C = Consult Charlotte Pipe NR = Not Recommended

R = Recommended • • = No Data

ChemDrain® CPVC Fluoroelastomer (FKM) in Laboratory Transition Drainage Couplings Service (AW 95C, AW 96C)

Magnesium Citrate R R Magnesium Fluoride R R Magnesium Hydroxide R R Magnesium Nitrate R R Magnesium Oxide R R Magnesium Sulfate R R Maleic Acid R R Malic Acid R R Manganese Sulfate R R Mercuric Chloride R R Mercuric Cyanide R R Mercuric Sulfate R R Mercurous Nitrate R R Mercury R R Methanesulfonic Acid R • • Methanol, up to 10% R C Methanol, >10% R NR Methanol, pure R NR Methyl Acetate, pure NR NR Methyl Cellosolve NR NR Methyl Chloride NR R Methyl Chloroform NR R Methyl Ethyl Ketone NR NR Methyl Formate NR NR Methyl Isobutyl Ketone NR NR Methyl Isopropyl Ketone NR NR Methyl Methacrylate NR NR Methylamine NR NR Methylene Bromide NR NR Methylene Chloride NR NR Methylene Chlorobromide NR NR Methylene Iodide NR NR Mineral Oil R R Molasses R R Monoethanolamine NR NR

C = Consult Charlotte Pipe NR = Not Recommended

R = Recommended • • = No Data

ChemDrain® CPVC Fluoroelastomer (FKM) in Laboratory Transition Drainage Couplings Service (AW 95C, AW 96C)

Morpholine R • • Motor Oil C R Muriatic Acid R R Naphtha C R Naphthalene NR R Nickel Acetate R NR Nickel Chloride R R Nickel Nitrate R R Nickel Sulfate R R Nitric Acid, <30% R R Nitrobenzene NR NR Nitroethane NR NR Nitroglycerine C • • Nitromethane NR NR Nitrous Acid R C Octane R R Octanol R R Oil, Crude C R Oleum R R Olive Oil C R Oxalic Acid R R Ozonized Water R C Palm Oil C • • Parafﬁn R R Peanut Oil C R Peppermint Oil C R Peracetic Acid R • • Perchloric Acid, 10% R R Perchloroethylene NR R Phenol, pure R R Phenylhydrazine NR NR Phosphate Esters NR NR Phosphoric Acid R R Phosphorus Pentoxide R • • Phosphorus Trichloride R R

See www.charlottepipe.com for most current data.

21

DESIGN AND

ENGINEERING DATA

ChemDrain® Technical Manual

Chemical Resistance

The following table lists the chemical resistance suitability of CPVC ChemDrain thermoplastic piping materials and Fluoroelastomer (FKM), a commonly used seal material. The information shown is based upon laboratory tests conducted by the manufacturers of the materials, and it is intended to provide a general guideline on the resistance of these materials to various chemicals. NOTICE: This information is not a guarantee, and any piping systems using products made of these materials should be tested under actual service conditions to determine their suitability for a particular purpose. See website for most current data: www.charlottepipe.com.

C = Consult Charlotte Pipe NR = Not Recommended

R = Recommended • • = No Data

ChemDrain® CPVC Fluoroelastomer (FKM) in Laboratory Transition Drainage Couplings Service (AW 95C, AW 96C)

Photographic Solutions R R Phthalic Acid NR C Picric Acid, <10% R R Pine Oil R R Plating Solutions R R POE Oil (Polyolester) NR NR Polyethylene Glycol (carbowax) R R Polyvinyl Alcohol R R Potash R R Potassium Acetate R NR Potassium Bicarbonate R R Potassium Bichromate R R Potassium Bisulfate R R Potassium Borate R R Potassium Bromate R R Potassium Bromide R R Potassium Carbonate R R Potassium Chlorate R R Potassium Chloride R R Potassium Chromate R R Potassium Cyanate R R Potassium Cyanide R R Potassium Dichromate R R Potassium Ferricyanide R R Potassium Ferrocyanide R R Potassium Fluoride R R Potassium Hydroxide R NR Potassium Hypochlorite R NR Potassium Iodide R R Potassium Nitrate R R Potassium Perborate R R Potassium Perchlorate R R Potassium Permanganate R R Potassium Persulfate R R Potassium Phosphate R R

The chemical resistance table shown within this manual is for CPVC in a typical laboratory drainage environment. To reduce the risk of system failure, always evaluate the chemical resistance information and project specific factors.

C = Consult Charlotte Pipe NR = Not Recommended

R = Recommended • • = No Data

ChemDrain® CPVC Fluoroelastomer (FKM) in Laboratory Transition Drainage Couplings Service (AW 95C, AW 96C)

Potassium Sulfate R R Potassium Sulﬁde R R Potassium Sulﬁte R R Potassium Tripolyphosphate R R Propanol, pure R R Propargyl Alcohol R • • Propionic Acid, >5% R R Propionic Acid, pure R NR Propyl Acetate NR NR Propyl Bromide NR • • Propylene Dichloride NR R Propylene Glycol, <25% R R Propylene Glycol, >25% NR R Propylene Oxide R NR Pyridine R NR Pyrogallol R • • Pyrrole NR NR Reverse Osmosis Water R R Salicylaldehyde R • • Sea Water R R Silicic Acid R • • Silicone Oil R R Silver Chloride R • • Silver Cyanide R R Silver Nitrate R R Silver Sulfate R R Soaps R R Sodium Acetate R R Sodium Aluminate R R Sodium Arsenate R R Sodium Benzoate R R Sodium Bicarbonate R R Sodium Bichromate R R Sodium Bisulfate R R Sodium Bisulﬁte R R

22

See www.charlottepipe.com for most current data.

Chemical Resistance

DESIGN AND

ENGINEERING DATA

The following table lists the chemical resistance suitability of CPVC ChemDrain thermoplastic piping materials and Fluoroelastomer (FKM), a commonly used seal material. The information shown is based upon laboratory tests conducted by the manufacturers of the

The chemical resistance table shown within this manual is for CPVC in a typical laboratory drainage environment. To reduce the risk of system failure, always evaluate the chemical resistance information and project specific factors.

materials, and it is intended to provide a general guideline on the resistance of these materials to various chemicals. NOTICE: This information is not a guarantee, and any piping systems using products made of these materials should be tested under actual service conditions to determine their suitability for a particular purpose. See website for most current data: www.charlottepipe.com.

C = Consult Charlotte Pipe NR = Not Recommended

R = Recommended • • = No Data

ChemDrain® CPVC Fluoroelastomer (FKM) in Laboratory Transition Drainage Couplings Service (AW 95C, AW 96C)

Sodium Borate R R Sodium Bromide R R Sodium Carbonate R R Sodium Chlorate R R Sodium Chloride R R Sodium Chlorite R R Sodium Chromate R R Sodium Cyanide R R Sodium Dichromate R R Sodium Ferricyanide R R Sodium Ferrocyanide R R Sodium Fluoride R R Sodium Formate R • • Sodium Hydroxide R NR Sodium Hypobromite R • • Sodium Hypochlorite R R Sodium Iodide R R Sodium Metaphosphate R R Sodium Nitrate R R Sodium Nitrite R • • Sodium Palmitate R • • Sodium Perborate R R Sodium Perchlorate R • • Sodium Peroxide R R Sodium Phosphate R R Sodium Silicate R R Sodium Sulfate R R Sodium Sulﬁde R R Sodium Sulﬁte R R Sodium Thiosulfate R R Sodium Tripolyphosphate R • • Soybean Oil C R Stannic Chloride R R Stannous Chloride R R Stannous Sulfate R R

C = Consult Charlotte Pipe NR = Not Recommended

R = Recommended • • = No Data

ChemDrain® CPVC Fluoroelastomer (FKM) in Laboratory Transition Drainage Couplings Service (AW 95C, AW 96C)

Starch R R Stearic Acid R R Strontium Chloride R • • Styrene Monomer NR R Succinic Acid R R Sugar R R Sulfamic Acid R R Sulfuric Acid R R Sulfurous Acid R R Tall Oil C C Tannic Acid R R Tartaric Acid R R Tetrachloroethylene NR R Tetrahydrofuran NR NR Tetrahydronaphthalene NR R Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate R • • Thionyl Chloride R R Toluene NR R Tomato Juice R R Tributyl Citrate NR NR Tributyl Phosphate NR NR Trichloroacetic Acid R NR Trichloroethylene NR R Triethanolamine R NR Triethylamine R NR Trimethyl Propane R • • Trisodium Phosphate R • • Tung Oil C R Turpentine C R Urea R • • Urine R • • Vegetable Oils C R Vinegar R R Vinyl Acetate R NR Water R R

See www.charlottepipe.com for most current data.

23

DESIGN AND

ENGINEERING DATA

ChemDrain® Technical Manual

Chemical Resistance

The following table lists the chemical resistance suitability of CPVC ChemDrain thermoplastic piping materials and Fluoroelastomer (FKM), a commonly used seal material. The information shown is based upon laboratory tests conducted by the manufacturers of the materials, and it is intended to provide a general guideline on the resistance of these materials to various chemicals. NOTICE: This information is not a guarantee, and any piping systems using products made of these materials should be tested under actual service conditions to determine their suitability for a particular purpose. See website for most current data: www.charlottepipe.com.

C = Consult Charlotte Pipe NR = Not Recommended

R = Recommended • • = No Data

ChemDrain® CPVC Fluoroelastomer (FKM) in Laboratory Transition Drainage Couplings Service (AW 95C, AW 96C)

Water - Deionized R R Whiskey R R White Liquor R R Wine R R Xylene NR R

The chemical resistance table shown within this manual is for CPVC in a typical laboratory drainage environment. To reduce the risk of system failure, always evaluate the chemical resistance information and project specific factors.

C = Consult Charlotte Pipe NR = Not Recommended

R = Recommended • • = No Data

ChemDrain® CPVC Fluoroelastomer (FKM) in Laboratory Transition Drainage Couplings Service (AW 95C, AW 96C)

Zinc Acetate R NR Zinc Carbonate R R Zinc Chloride R R Zinc Nitrate R R Zinc Sulfate R R

Note: Most aqueous solutions of water-soluble chemicals not speciﬁed here can be used in CPVC drainage systems.

24

See www.charlottepipe.com for most current data.

teMPeratUre Conversion

DESIGN AND

ENGINEERING DATA

Degrees Fahrenheit

-10 -23.3 90 32.2

-5 -20.6 95 35.0 0 -17.8 100 37.8 5 -15.0 110 43.3 10 -12.2 120 48.9 15 -9.4 130 54.4 20 -6.7 140 60.0 25 -3.9 150 65.6 32 0 160 71.1 35 1.7 170 76.7 40 4.4 180 82.2 45 7.2 190 87.8 50 10.0 200 93.3 55 12.8 212 100.0 60 15.6 220 104.4 65 18.3 230 110.0 70 21.1 240 115.6 75 23.9 250 121.1 80 26.7 260 126.7 85 29.4

Degrees Centigrade Degrees Fahrenheit Degrees Centigrade

For temperatures not shown, the following formulas apply:

°F to °C = (°F-32)/1.8 °C to °F = 9/5 (°C x 1.8) +32

MetriC Conversion

Pipe Size (mm)

6mm 7mm 8mm 10mm 15mm 18mm 20mm 25mm 1 in. 350mm 14 in. 32mm 11⁄4 in. 400mm 16 in. 40mm 11⁄2 in. 450mm 18 in. 50mm 2 in. 500mm 20 in. 65mm 21⁄2 in. 600mm 24 in. 80mm 3 in.

To the best of our knowledge the information contained in this publication is accurate. However, Charlotte Pipe and Foundry does not assume any liability whatsoever for the accuracy or completeness of such information. Final determination of the suitability of any information or product for any use is the sole responsibility of the user. The manner of that use and whether there is any infringement of patents is also the sole responsibility of the user.

Pipe Size (in.) Pipe Size (mm) Pipe Size (in.)

1

⁄8 in. 90mm 31⁄2 in.

3

⁄16 in. 100mm 4 in.

1

⁄4 in. 125mm 5 in.

3

⁄8 in. 150mm 6 in.

1

⁄2 in. 200mm 8 in.

5

⁄8 in. 250mm 10 in.

3

⁄4 in. 300mm 12 in.

25

DESIGN AND

ENGINEERING DATA

ChemDrain® Technical Manual

the Conversion of fraCtions to deCiMals

Fraction Decimal Fraction Decimal

1/64 0.015625 33/64 0.515625

1/32 0.031250 17/32 0.53125

3/64 0.046875 35/64 0.546875

1/16 0.062500 9/16 0.5625

5/64 0.078125 37/64 0.578125

3/32 0.937500 19/32 0.59375

7/64 0.109375 38/64 0.609375

1/8 0.125000 5/8 0.625

9/64 0.140625 41/64 0.640625

5/32 0.156250 21/32 0.65625

11/64 0.171900 43/64 0.67187

3/16 0.187500 11/16 0.6875

13/64 0.203100 45/64 0.70312

7/32 0.218800 23/32 0.71875

15/64 0.234375 47/64 0.734375

1/4 0.250000 3/4 0.75

17/64 0.265625 49/64 0.765625

9/32 0.281250 25/32 0.78125

19/64 0.296875 51/64 0.79875

5/16 0.312500 13/16 0.8125

21/64 0.328125 53/64 0.82125

11/32 0.343750 27/32 0.84375

23/64 0.359375 55/64 0.859375

3/8 0.375000 7/8 0.875

25/64 0.398625 57/64 0.890625

13/32 0.406250 29/32 0.90625

27/64 0.421875 59/64 0.921875

7/16 0.437500 15/16 0.9375

29/64 0.453125 61/64 0.953125

15/32 0.468750 31/32 0.96875

31/64 0.484375 63/64 0.984375

1/2 0.500000 1” 1

26

INSTALLATION PROCEDURES

ConneCtion oPtions

The ChemDrain® System offers several options for joining CPVC pipe and ﬁttings and joining CPVC to a wide variety of alternative materials. All of the approved options available for use in a ChemDrain system are outlined here, including solvent welding, ﬂanged connections and ChemDrain Chemical Couplings.

Failure to follow proper installation practices, procedures, or techniques may result in personal injury, system failure or property damage.

• Use a solvent cement / primer applicator that is 1/2 the size of the pipe's diameter. Too large an applicator will result in excess cement inside the fitting. Too small an applicator will not apply sufficient cement.

• Cut pipe square.

• Do not use dull or broken cutting tool blades when cutting pipe.

• Do not test until recommended cure times are met.

Exclusive Charlotte Pipe TrueFit® System

Only Charlotte offers the TrueFit System. Our CPVC pipe, ﬁttings, bushings, and tees are made to exacting tolerances, meaning everything is designed to ﬁt together properly. Using our products, you’ll work more efﬁciently and productively with fewer callbacks.

Advantages of Solvent Welding

One major advantage of CPVC for chemical waste disposal applications is its use of chemically welded joints. Solvent welding is a simple, consistent and reliable method of creating joints that requires no special tools or costly fusion equipment. ChemDrain CPVC Cement is specifically formulated for chemical waste applications. The resulting joints are as strong and durable as the pipe itself, with the same chemical resistance and physical properties as the pipe and ﬁttings.

This is in sharp contrast to mechanical connectors or heatfusion methods, which often burn through or are left exposed to the ﬂow of corrosive chemicals, which may cause a leak path to develop over time.

Although the material used to create solvent welds commonly is referred to as “cement,” it has none of the properties of cement. It is neither glue nor an adhesive. Instead the process commonly known as “solvent welding” chemically fuses the pipe and the ﬁtting material by temporarily softening the two pieces to create semi-ﬂuid surfaces. Wedging the treated pipe into a softened, tapered ﬁtting socket forces the two semi-ﬂuid surfaces together and allows them to chemically fuse as the CPVC re-hardens. As the solvent evaporates, or cures, the ﬁnal fused joint is created. To avoid confusion, Charlotte Pipe refers to this process exclusively as “solvent welding.”

Charlotte Pipe recommends only Charlotte Pipe and Foundry

ChemDrain CPVC Cement for use in ChemDrain applications. ChemDrain CPVC Cement is specially formulated for chemical

resistance to caustics including hypochlorites, mineral acids and other corrosive chemicals. The other joining options for the ChemDrain system are described in the following installation procedures.

27

INSTALLATION PROCEDURES

ChemDrain® Technical Manual

installation ProCedUres for CheMdrain® CPvC systeMs

Failure to follow safety precautions may result in misapplication or improper installation and testing which can cause severe personal injury and / or property damage.

Failure to follow proper installation practices, procedures, or techniques may result in personal injury, system failure or property damage.

• Use a solvent cement / primer applicator that is 1/2 the size of the pipe's diameter. Too large an applicator will result in excess cement inside the fitting. Too small an applicator will not apply sufficient cement.

• Cut pipe square.

• Do not use dull or broken cutting tool blades when cutting pipe.

• Do not test until recommended cure times are met.

Basic Principles of Solvent Welding

To make consistently good joints the following should be clearly understood:

1. The joining surfaces must be softened and made semiﬂuid.

2. Sufﬁcient cement must be applied to ﬁll the gap between pipe and ﬁtting.

3. Assembly of pipe and ﬁttings must be made while the surfaces are still wet and ﬂuid.

4. Joint strength develops as the cement dries. In the tight part of the joint the surfaces will fuse together, in the loose part the cement will bond to both surfaces.

• Using an external heat source to bend CPVC may result in structural damage to pipe and fittings.

• Always make changes in direction with fittings.

Solvent Cements

Failure to follow safety precautions may result in misapplication or improper installation and testing which can cause severe personal injury and / or property damage.

Primers and cements are extremely flammable and may be explosive. Do not store or use near heat or open flame, or death or serious injury may occur.

• Solvent fumes created during the joining process are

heavier than air and may be trapped in newly installed piping systems.

• Ignition of the solvent vapors caused by spark or flame

may result in injury or death from explosion or fire.

• Read and obey all manufacturers' warnings and any

instructions pertaining to primers and cements.

• Provide adequate ventilation to reduce fire hazard and to minimize inhalation of solvent vapors when working

with cements, primers and new piping systems.

ChemDrain chemical waste systems must be joined with ChemDrain one-step solvent cement conforming to ASTM F

493.

Charlotte ChemDrain solvent cement is classiﬁed as “LowVOC” (volatile organic compounds) per the emission limits established by the California South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for Charlotte ChemDrain solvent cement are available for download at www.charlottepipe.com.

Solvent cements are formulated to be used “as received” in original containers. Adding of thinners to change viscosity is not recommended. If the cement is found to be jelly-like and is not free-ﬂowing, it should not be used. Containers should be kept covered when not in actual use.

Solvent cements should be stored at temperatures between 40° F and 110° F and away from heat or open ﬂame. The cements should be used within two years of the date stamped on the container. Stocks should be constantly rotated to prevent buildup of old cement inventories. If new cement is subjected to freezing, it may become extremely thick or gelled. This cement can be placed in a warm area where, after a period of time, it will return to its original, usable condition. However, this is not the case when the cement has gelled due to actual solvent loss; for example, when the container was left open too long during use or not sealed properly after use. Cement in this condition has lost its formulation and should be discarded.

Solvent cements are extremely ﬂammable and should not be used or stored near heat or open ﬂame. They should be

28

INSTALLATION PROCEDURES

used only with adequate ventilation. In conﬁned or partially enclosed areas, a ventilating device should be used to remove vapors and minimize their inhalation. Containers should be kept tightly closed when not in use and covered as much as possible when in use. Avoid frequent contact with the skin. In case of eye contact, ﬂush repeatedly with water. Keep out of reach of children.

Making the Joint

1. Cut Pipe

• Cut the pipe square with the axis. All joints are sealed at the base of the ﬁtting hub. An angled cut may result in joint failure.

• Acceptable tools include miter saw, reciprocation saw, and mechanical cut-off saw with carbide-tipped blade or wheel-type pipe cutter.

• If any indication of damage or cracking is evident at the pipe end, cut off at least 2” beyond any visible cracks.

2. Remove Burrs and Bevel

• Remove all pipe burrs from inside and outside diameter of pipe with a knife edge, ﬁle or de-burring tool.

1

2

3. Clean and Dry Pipe and Fittings

• Remove surface dirt, grease or moisture with a clean dry cloth.

• If the wiping fails to clean the surfaces, use a compatible cleaner.

4. Dry Fit

• With light pressure, pipe should go one half to one third of the way into the ﬁtting hub. Pipe and ﬁttings that are too tight or too loose should not be used.

5. Applicator

• Use an applicator that is one half the size of the pipe’s diameter. Daubers, natural bristle brushes or swabs are recommended. Rollers are not recommended.

• Too large an applicator will force excess cement into the inside of the ﬁtting. Too small an applicator will not apply sufﬁcient cement.

3

4

• Chamfer (bevel) the end of the pipe 10° – 15°.

Failure to follow safety precautions may result in misapplication or improper installation and testing which can cause severe personal injury and / or property damage.

Primers and cements are extremely flammable and may be explosive. Do not store or use near heat or open flame, or death or serious injury may occur.

• Solvent fumes created during the joining process are

heavier than air and may be trapped in newly installed piping systems.

• Ignition of the solvent vapors caused by spark or flame

may result in injury or death from explosion or fire.

• Read and obey all manufacturers' warnings and any

instructions pertaining to primers and cements.

• Provide adequate ventilation to reduce fire hazard and to minimize inhalation of solvent vapors when working

with cements, primers and new piping systems.

29

INSTALLATION PROCEDURES

ChemDrain® Technical Manual

6. Apply Solvent Cement and Primer

NOTE: The ChemDrain one-step cement procedure does

not normally require the use of a primer on clean, dry pipe and ﬁttings in sizes 1 ½” to 4”. On 6” and 8” sizes or in wet, very cold (40°F or less), or very hot (90°F and higher) conditions the use of a quality high-strength primer such as IPS Weld-on P70, Oatey “Industrial Grade” or equal is recommended to ensure a well-bonded joint.

If using a primer:

• Apply primer to the ﬁtting socket by aggressively working it into the surface.

• Apply primer to the pipe surface to a point ½” beyond the hub depth. Aggressively work the primer into the surface.

• Apply a second coat of primer to the ﬁtting socket, aggressively working it into the surface.

• Once the surface is primed remove all puddles of excess primer from the ﬁtting socket.

Apply Cement

• Stir or shake the cement prior to use.

• Apply a full even layer of cement to the pipe surface to a point ½” beyond the hub depth. Aggressively work the cement into the surface of the pipe.

• Without re-dipping the applicator in the cement, apply a thin layer of cement to the ﬁtting socket, aggressively working it into the surface.

• Do not allow cement to puddle or accumulate inside the system.

• Solvent cement should conform to ASTM F 493. All-purpose cement or cement not clearly marked as intended for CPVC Chemical Waste Systems is not recommended.

6

7. J o i n P i p e a n d Fittings

• Assemble pipe and ﬁttings quickly while cement is ﬂuid. If cement has hardened, cut pipe, dispose of ﬁtting and start over.

• While inserting pipe into ﬁtting hub give the pipe a quarter turn which helps ensure an even distribution of cement within the joint.

• Once the pipe contacts the socket bottom hold pipe and ﬁtting together until the pipe does not back out.

• See table on following page for recommended set and cure times.

• Remove excess cement from the exterior. A properly made joint will show a continuous bead of cement around the perimeter. If voids appear sufﬁcient cement may not have been applied and joint failure may result.

• For pipe sizes 6” and larger, two people will be required, a mechanical forcing device should be used and the joint should be held together for up to 3 minutes.

7

Applicators

To properly apply the cement, the correct size and type of applicator must be used. There are three basic types of applicators: Daubers — should only be used on pipe sizes 2” and

below, and should have a width equal to 1/2 the diameter of the pipe.

Brushes — can be used on any diameter pipe, should

always have natural bristles, and should have a width equal to at least 1/2 the diameter of the pipe.

Swabs — can be used on 4” and larger diameter pipe

and should have a length equal to at least 1/2 the diameter of the pipe.

30

INSTALLATION PROCEDURES

Applicator Type

Nominal Pipe

Size (in.)

Dauber Brush Width (in.)

11⁄2 A 1 - 11⁄2 NR 2 A 1 - 11⁄2 NR 21⁄2 NR 11⁄2 - 2 NR 3 NR 11⁄2 - 21⁄2 NR 4 NR 2 - 3 3 5 NR 3 - 5 3 6 NR 3 - 5 3 8 NR 4-6 7 A = Acceptable NR = Not Recommended

Applicator Type

Swab Length (in.)

Joint Curing

The joint should not be disturbed until it has initially set. CAUTION: Do not test the system until the solvent cement joints have fully cured. Follow the recommendations in Testing a ChemDrain CPVC System on page 36 of this technical manual. The exact curing time varies with temperature, humidity and pipe size. The following chart shows recommended set and cure times.

Recommended Set and Cure Time

Temperature Initial Set Cure

60° - 100° F 30 min. 1 hr. 40° - 60° F 1 hr. 2 hrs. 0° - 40° F 2 hrs. 4 hrs.

*For relative humidity above 60%, allow 50% more cure time.

Average Number of Joints Per Quart of Solvent Cement

Pipe Diameter (in.) Number of Joints

11⁄2 2 60 3 40 4 30 6 10 8 5

The above data are based on laboratory tests and are intended as guidelines. For more speciﬁc information, consult the cement manufacturer.

• Exceeding recommended flange bolt torque may result in component damage, system failure and property damage.

• Use the proper bolt tightening sequence as marked on the flange.

• Make sure the system is in proper alignment.

• Flanges may not be used to draw piping assemblies together.

• Flat washers must be used under every nut and bolt head.

• Ensure that the mating surfaces are in direct contact. A gap between the flange face and mating surface may result in flange failure.

90

Flanging CPVC Pipe

For systems where dismantling is required, ﬂanging is a convenient joining method. It is also an easy way to join plastic and metallic systems.

Installation

1. Join the ﬂange to the pipe using the procedures shown in t h e s ol v en t cementing section (pages 29-31).

2. Use a full faced e l a s t o m e r i c gasket which is resis tant to the chemicals being conveyed in the piping system. A gasket 1/8” thick with a Durometer, scale “A”, hardness of 55 -80 is normally satisfactory.

3. Align the ﬂanges an d ga s ket by inserting all of the bolts through the mating ﬂange bolt holes. Be sure to use properly sized ﬂat washers under all bolt heads and nuts.

4. S e q u e n t i a l l y tighten the bolts corresponding to the following patterns shown.

5. Use a torque wrench to tighten the bolts to the torque values shown in the following chart.

Recommended Torque

Pipe Size No. Bolt Bolt Recommended In Inches Holes Diameter Torque ft/lbs

11⁄2 4 2 4 21⁄2 4 3 4 4 8 6 8 8 8

Note: Flanges meet the bolt-pattern requirements of ANSI / ASME B 16.5

1 foot pound = 12 inch pounds

1

⁄2 10 - 15

5

⁄8 20 - 30

5

⁄8 20 - 30

5

⁄8 20 - 30

5

⁄8 20 - 30

3

⁄4 33 - 50

3

⁄4 33 - 50

31

INSTALLATION PROCEDURES

ChemDrain® Technical Manual

Flange Bolt Tightening Sequence

Connecting CPVC to Other Materials

Occasionally, it is necessary to connect ChemDrain® CPVC piping systems to piping systems made of other materials, including steel, cast iron, Durion®, glass and other types of plastic. In these cases, Charlotte Pipe recommends the use of ChemDrain Chemical Couplings (known generically as “hubless joints”).

ChemDrain Chemical Couplings are designed to provide ﬂexible, water-tight joints on chemical drainage systems. They consist of a high-performance ﬂuoroelastomer sleeve, an outer stainless steel shear ring and two AISI 301 stainless steel clamping bands. The ﬂuoroelastomer gasket is resistant to most chemicals and solvents and features a low compression set and stress relaxation properties that helps to ensure sealing performance and longevity. Fluoroelastomer gaskets have a broad thermal range and provide excellent resistance to atmospheric oxidation, weathering, sunlight and ozone.

• Using an external heat source to bend CPVC may result in structural damage to pipe and fittings.

• Always make changes in direction with fittings.

• For sizes 1-1/2” through 6”, coupling has two bands. Take the slack out of the clamp alternately and ﬁrmly, then tighten in the same sequence with a preset torque

wrench to 60 inch-pounds.

Installation of Threaded Connections

1. Make sure the threads are clean. Charlotte Pipe recommends Teﬂon* tape as a sealant for threaded connections. Use a good quality Teﬂon tape which has .4 minimum density .003” thick, .50% elongation and chemically inert. Wrap the Teﬂon tape around the entire length of the threads; start with two wraps at the end and wrap all threads overlapping half the width of the tape. Wrap in the direction of the threads on each wind.

*Trademark of the E.I. DuPont Company

NOTICE: Charlotte does not recommend pipe joint

compounds, pastes or lubricants for thermoplastic pipe as the use of an incompatible compound may result in the degradation or failure of the plastic pipe or ﬁttings. If using one of these compounds as a thread sealant, always verify with the manufacturer of those compounds the suitability for use with CPVC.

Pipe or fittings may be damaged by contact with products containing incompatible chemicals resulting in personal injury or property damage.

• Verify that paints, thread sealants, lubricants, plasticized PVC products, foam insulations, caulks, leak detectors, insecticides, termiticides, antifreeze solutions, pipe sleeve, firestop materials or other materials are chemically compatible with CPVC.

• Do not use edible oils such as Crisco

®

for lubricant.

Making Joints with ChemDrain Chemical Couplings

1. Place the Fluoroelastomer sleeve on the end of the pipe or ﬁtting, ﬁrmly seating the pipe or ﬁtting end against the integrally molded shoulder inside the sleeve. Next, place the stainless-steel shield on the other component you’re joining.

2. Insert the other component you’re joining into the other side of the Fluoroelastomer sealing sleeve, ﬁrmly seating the pipe or ﬁtting end against the integrally-molded shoulder inside the sleeve.

3. Sli de the clam p assembly into positio n ove r the Fluoroelastomer sleeve, and use the following procedures to tighten the bands to 60 inch-pounds, using a properly calibrated torque wrench.

32

2. Make threaded connections and hand tighten. Further tighten approximately one turn past hand tight using a strap wrench only. Do not use common wrenches or tools designed for metallic pipe systems.

Exceeding recommended torque for threaded connections may result in component damage, system failure and property damage.

INSTALLATION PROCEDURES

External Taper Thread Dimensions

*Per ANSI/AME B1.20.1 and ASTM F 1498

* EXTERNAL THREADPIPE

Nominal

Size

In Inches

1 1.315 111⁄2 .400 .6828 .9845 11⁄4 1.660 111⁄2 .420 .7068 1.0085 11⁄2 1.900 111⁄2 .420 .7235 1.0252 2 2.375 111⁄2 .436 .7565 1.0582 21⁄2 2.875 8 .682 1.1375 1.5712 3 3.500 8 .766 1.2000 1.6337 4 4.500 8 .844 1.3000 1.7337 6 6.625 8 .958 1.5125 1.9462 8 8.625 8 1.063 1.7125 2.1462

1

⁄4 .540 18 .228 .4018 .5946

3

⁄8 .675 18 .240 .4078 .6006

1

⁄2 .840 14 .320 .5337 .7815

3

⁄4 1.050 14 .339 .5457 .7935

Outside

Diameter

In Inches

(D)

Number

of Threads

Per Inch

Normal

Engagement By

Hand In Inches

(A)

Length of

Effective Thread

In Inches

(B)

Total Length: End

of Pipe to Vanish

Point In Inches

(C)

33

INSTALLATION PROCEDURES

ChemDrain® Technical Manual

UndergroUnd installation

CPVC pipe and ﬁttings can be installed underground, provided the pipe is:

• Adequately supported;

• Protected from contact with sharp rock and debris; and

• Given sufﬁcient room for temperature-induced expansion and contraction.

An underground CPVC system is affected by conditions such as sidewall support, soil compaction and the condition of the trench. For adequate support, ensure that trench bottoms are smooth and regular and consist of either undisturbed soil or a layer of compacted backﬁll. Eliminate rocks and debris from subsoil. If large boulders are present, cushion the trench with sand or ﬁne-grained soil to protect the pipe. Install pipe so that its weight is evenly supported by the subsurface along its entire length. Solvent weld all joints.

Ensure that excavation, bedding and backﬁll comply with applicable plumbing and building codes. Properly test the system in accordance with applicable plumbing codes prior to backﬁlling. Backﬁll material that touches the pipe should consist of particles 1/2” inch or less in size. Ensure that this material is free of sharp rock or debris and uniformly compacted in layers. Where pipe must pass through masonry walls, install a larger-diameter pipe as a protective sleeve.

4. To prevent damage to the pipe and disturbance to pipe embedment, a minimum depth of backﬁll above the pipe should be maintained before allowing vehicles or heavy construction equipment to traverse the pipe trench. Pipe should always be installed at least below the frost level. The minimum depth of cover should be established by the design engineer based upon an evaluation of specific project conditions. In the absence of an engineering evaluation, Charlotte Pipe recommends referring to Section 7.6 in ASTM D 2321, “Underground Installation of Thermoplastic pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications.”

Max. Temp. Variation ° F, Between Installation

and Final Operation

10° 20° 30° 40° 50° 60° 70° 80° 90° 100°

Loop Length

In Feet

20 3.0 3.5 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 50 7.0 9.0 11.0 13.0 14.0 15.5 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 100 13.0 18.0 22.0 26.0 29.0 31.5 35.0 37.0 40.0 42.0

Loop Offset In Inches

Trenching

1. Excavate the trench in accordance with applicable codes and regulations, ensuring that the sides will be stable under all working conditions.

2. The trench should be wide enough to provide adequate room for the following: a. Joining the pipe in the trench; b. Snaking the pipe from side to side to compensate for

expansion and contraction if required; and

c. Filling and compacting the side ﬁlls.

The space between the pipe and trench wall must be wider than the compaction equipment used in the compaction of the backﬁll. Minimum width shall be not less than the greater of either the pipe outside diameter plus 16 inches or the pipe outside diameter times 1.25 plus 12 inches. Trench width may be different if approved by the design engineer.

3. Install foundation and bedding as required by the engineer according to conditions in the trench bottom. Provide ﬁrm, stable and uniform bedding for the pipe barrel and any protruding feature of its joint. Provide a minimum of 4 inches of bedding unless rock or unyielding material is encountered in the bottom of the trench in which case a minimum of 6 inches of bedding shall be used. For more severe conditions the guidelines in ASTM D 2321 should be followed. Blocking should not be used to change pipe grade or to intermittently support pipe over low sections in the trench.

Note: This manual is not a complete engineering reference addressing all aspects of design and installation of thermal expansion in piping systems. Many excellent references are available on this topic. The American Society of Plumbing Engineers (www.ASPE.org) Data Book, Volume 4, 2008 Chapter 11 is an excellent resource for engineers on designing for thermal expansion.

34

INSTALLATION PROCEDURES

Bedding and Backﬁlling

1. Even though sub-soil conditions vary widely from place to place, the pipe backﬁll should be stable and provide protection for the pipe.

2. The pipe should be surrounded with an aggregate material which is easily worked around the sides of the pipe. Backﬁlling should be performed in layers of 6 inches with each layer being sufﬁciently compacted to 85% to 95% compaction.

3. A mechanical tamper is recommended for compacting sand and gravel backﬁll which contains a signiﬁcant proportion of ﬁne grained material, such as silt and clay. If a tamper is not available, compacting should be done by hand.

4. The trench should be completely ﬁlled. The backﬁll should be placed and spread in uniform layers to prevent any unﬁlled spaces or voids. Large rocks, stones, frozen clods or other large debris should be removed. Heavy tampers or rolling equipment should only be used to con-

solidate the ﬁnal backﬁll only.

Additional information is contained in ASTM D 2321 “Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications” (non-pressure applications) and in ASTM F 1668 “Construction Procedures for Buried Plastic Pipe.” ASTM Standards are copywrited documents and can be purchased from ASTM International: 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428 or www.astm.org.

Note: This section is a general reference guide and should not be considered a complete engineering resource addressing all aspects of design and installation of pipe in buried applications. Charlotte Pipe recommends that a design professional us this manual along with other industry references taking into account sub-surface conditions unique to each project and that all installations be made in accordance with the requirements found in ASTM D 2321 and in compliance with local code requirements.

35

TESTING AND INSPECTION

compressed air or gas in PVC / ABS / CPVC

ChemDrain® Technical Manual

Testing a ChemDrain® CPVC System

It is important to test and inspect all plumbing for leaks before covering the system with drywall or other permanent materials. Charlotte Pipe and Foundry recommends hydrostatic (water) testing as this is the best option to identify even small leaks while reducing the risk of injury to installation personnel.

In accordance with PPFA User Bulletin 4-80 and ASTM D 1785, Charlotte Pipe strenuously discourages air or gas testing. WARNING: Pipe and ﬁtting material under air or gas pressure can explode, causing serious injury or death. Because Charlotte Pipe has speciﬁcally warned against the dangers of air or gas testing, it will not be responsible or liable for injury or death to persons or damage to property or for claims for labor and/or material arising from any alleged failure of our products during testing with air or compressed gases.

Testing with or use of compressed air or gas in PVC / ABS / CPVC pipe or fittings can result in explosive failures and cause severe injury or death.

• NEVER test with or transport/store

pipe or fittings.

• NEVER test PVC / ABS / CPVC pipe or fittings with compressed air or gas, or air over water boosters.

• ONLY use PVC / ABS / CPVC pipe for water or approved chemicals.

• Refer to warnings in PPFA User Bulletin 4-80 and ASTM D 1785.

Test CPVC pipe hydrostatically in accordance with applicable plumbing and building codes. Bleed all air from the lines at the highest point before pressurizing. WARNING: Failure to bleed trapped air may give faulty test results and may result in an explosion.

Hydrostatic Test

A water or hydrostatic test is the best option for inspecting the installation of a completed plastic piping system. It also is the test most often recommended in local plumbing codes.

The purpose of the test is to locate any leaks in joints and correct them prior to putting the system into service. Since it is important to be able to visually inspect the joints, conduct a water test prior to closing off access to interior piping or backﬁlling underground piping.

To isolate each ﬂoor or section being tested, insert test plugs through test tees in the stack. Plug or cap all other openings with test plugs or test caps. Adequately anchor the piping system to limit movement caused by the thrust forces of water under pressure. Provide thrust blocking at changes of direction, changes of size and dead ends.

From the highest opening, ﬁll the system to be tested with water. As water ﬁlls a vertical pipe, it creates hydrostatic pressure. The pressure increases as the height of the water in the vertical pipe increases. Charlotte Pipe recommends testing at 10 feet of hydrostatic pressure (4.3 pounds per square inch).

Fill the system slowly (ﬂow velocity should not exceed 5 feet per second) to allow any air in the system to escape as water rises in the pipe. Expel all trapped air from the system before the test begins. Failure to remove entrapped air may yield faulty results.

WARNING: Trapped air is extremely dangerous and may cause explosion resulting in death or serious injury; always slowly and completely vent system prior to testing. To facilitate the removal of trapped air, provide vents at all high points of the piping system. Open all valves and air-relief mechanisms so that the air can be vented while the system is being ﬁlled. Once the stack is ﬁlled to 10 feet of head, make a visual inspection of the section being tested.

If a leak is found, cut out the joint and replace it with a new section. Once a portion of the system has been tested successfully, drain it to allow the next section to be tested.

Entrapped Air

• Pressure surges associated with entrapped air may

result in serious personal injury, system failure, and property damage.

• Install air relief valves at the high points in a system to vent air that accumulates during service.

• Failure to bleed trapped air may give faulty test results and may result in an explosion.

36

In any test, proper safety procedures and equipment should be used, including personal protective equipment such as protective eyewear and clothing. Installers should always consider local conditions, codes and regulations, manufacturer's installation instructions, and architects'/engineers' specifications in any installation.

LIMITED WARRANTY

Charlotte Pipe and Foundry Company® (Charlotte Pipe®) Products are warranted to be free from manufacturing defects and to conform to currently applicable ASTM standards for a period of ﬁve (5) years from date of delivery. Buyer’s remedy for breach of this warranty is limited to replacement of, or credit for, the defective product. This warranty excludes any expense for removal or reinstallation of any defective product and any other incidental, consequential, or punitive damages.

This limited warranty is the only warranty made by seller and is expressly in lieu of all other warranties, express and implied, including any warranties of merchantability and ﬁtness for a particular purpose. No statement, conduct

or description by Charlotte Pipe or its representative, in addition to or beyond this Limited Warranty, shall constitute a warranty. This Limited Warranty may only be modiﬁed in writing signed by an ofﬁcer of Charlotte Pipe.

This Limited Warranty will not apply if:

1) The Products are used for purposes other than their intended purpose as deﬁned by local plumbing and building codes, and the applicable ASTM standard.

2) The Products are not installed in good and workmanlike manner consistent with normal industry standards; installed in compliance with the latest instr uctions published by Charlotte Pipe and good plumbing practices; and installed in conformance with all applicable plumbing, ﬁre and building code requirements.

3) This limited warranty does not apply when the products of Charlotte Pipe are used with the products of other manufacturers that do not meet the applicable ASTM or CISPI standards or that are not marked in a manner to indicate the entity that manufactured them.

4) The Products fail due to defects or deﬁciencies in design, engineering, or installation of the piping system of which they are a part.

5) The Products have been the subject of modiﬁcation; misuse; misapplication; improper maintenance or repair; damage caused by the fault or negligence of anyone other than Charlotte Pipe; or any other act or event beyond the control of Charlotte Pipe.

6) The Products fail due to the freezing of water in the Products.

7) The Products fail due to contact with chemical agents, ﬁre stopping materials, thread sealant, plasticized vinyl products, or other aggressive chemical agents that are not compatible.

8) Pipe outlets, sound attenuation systems or other devices are permanently attached to the surface of Charlotte® PVC, ABS or CPVC products with solvent cement or adhesive glue.

Charlotte Pipe products are manufactured to the applicable ASTM or CISPI standard. Charlotte Pipe and Foundry cannot accept responsibility for the performance, dimensional accuracy, or compatibility of pipe, fittings, gaskets, or couplings not manufactured or sold by Charlotte Pipe and Foundry.

Any Charlotte Pipe products alleged to be defective must be made available to Charlotte Pipe at the following address for veriﬁcation, inspection and determination of cause:

Charlotte Pipe and Foundry Company

Attention: Technical Services

2109 Randolph Road

Charlotte, North Carolina 28207

Purchaser must obtain a return materials authorization and instructions for return shipment to Charlotte Pipe of any product claimed defective or shipped in error.

Any Charlotte Pipe product proved to be defective in manufacture will be replaced F.O.B. point of original delivery, or credit will be issued, at the discretion of Charlotte Pipe.

4/15/10

Testing with or use of compressed air or gas in PVC / ABS / CPVC / Cast Iron pipe or fittings can result in explosive failures and cause severe injury or death.

• NEVER test with or transport/store compressed air or gas in PVC / ABS / CPVC / Cast Iron pipe or fittings.

• NEVER test PVC / ABS / CPVC / Cast Iron pipe or fittings with compressed air or gas, or air over water boosters.

• ONLY use PVC / ABS / CPVC / Cast Iron pipe for water or approved chemicals.

• Refer to warnings in PPFA User Bulletin 4-80 and ASTM D 1785.

PO Box 35430 Charlotte, NC 28235 USA 704/348-6450 800/438-6091 FAX 800/553-1605

www.charlottepipe.com

Charlotte and Charlotte Pipe are registered trademarks of Charlotte Pipe and Foundry Company.

37

REFERENCE STANDARDS

REFERENCE STANDARDS FOR CHEMDRAIN

ASTM INTERNATIONAL

ASTM TITLE

ASTM D 635 STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR RATE OF BURNING AND/OR EXTENT AND TIME OF BURNING

OF PLASTICS IN A HORIZONTAL POSITION

SCOPE: THIS FIRE-TEST-RESPONSE TEST METHOD COVERS A SMALL-SCALE LABORATORY

SCREENING PROCEDURE FOR COMPARING THE RELATIVE LINEAR RATE OF BURNING OR EXTENT AND TIME OF BURNING, OR BOTH, OF PLASTICS IN THE HORIZONTAL POSITION.

ASTM D 1784 SPECIFICATION FOR RIGID POLY (VINYL CHLORIDE) (PVC) COMPOUNDS AND

CHLORINATED POLY (VINYL CHLORIDE) (CPVC) COMPOUNDS

SCOPE: THIS SPECIFICATION COVERS RIGID PVC AND CPVC COMPOUNDS INTENDED FOR

GENERAL PURPOSE USE IN EXTRUDED OR MOLDED FORM.

ASTM F 493 SPECIFICATION FOR SOLVENT CEMENTS FOR CHLORINATED POLY (VINYL CHLORIDE)

(CPVC) PLASTIC PIPE AND FITTINGS

SCOPE: THIS SPECIFICATION PROVIDES REQUIREMENTS FOR CPVC SOLVENT CEMENT TO BE

USED IN JOINING CPVC PIPE AND SOCKET TYPE FITTINGS.

ChemDrain® Technical Manual

ASTM F 2618 SPECIFICATON FOR CHLORINATED POLY (VINYL CHLORIDE) CPVC PLASTIC CHEMICAL

WASTE DRAINAGE SYSTEM

SCOPE: THIS SPECIFICATION COVERS REQUIREMENTS FOR (CPVC) PLASTIC CHEMICAL WASTE

DRAINAGE SYSTEM PIPE AND FITTINGS AND INTENDED FOR SERVICE UP TO AND INCLUDING 220 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT.

NSF INTERNATIONAL

NSF / ANSI TITLE

NSF 14 PLASTICS PIPING SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND RELATED MATERIALS

SCOPE: THIS STANDARD ESTABLISHES MINIMUM PHYSICAL, PERFORMANCE, HEALTH EFFECTS,

QUALITY ASSURANCE, MARKING AND RECORD-KEEPING REQUIREMENTS FOR PLASTIC PIPING COMPONENTS AND RELATED MATERIALS. THE ESTABLISHED PHYSICAL, PERFORMANCE AND HEALTH EFFECTS REQUIREMENTS APPLY TO MATERIALS (RESIN OR BLENDED COMPOUNDS) AND INGREDIENTS USED TO MANUFACTURE PLASTIC PIPING SYSTEM COMPONENTS.

UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES

UL TITLE

UL 94 FLAMMABILITY TESTING

SCOPE: THIS TEST INDICATES THAT THE MATERIAL WAS TESTED IN A VERTICAL POSITION AND

SELF-EXTINGUISHED WITHIN A SPECIFIED TIME AFTER THE IGNITION SOURCE WAS REMOVED.

38

NOTES

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

39

PO BOX 35430

CHARLOTTE

NORTH CAROLINA 28235

PHONE (704) 348-6450

(800) 438-6091

FAX (800) 553-1605

LITERATURE BY FAX (800) 745-9382

WWW.CHARLOTTEPIPE.COM

All products manufactured by

Charlotte Pipe and Foundry Company

are proudly made in the U.S.A.

Charlotte Pipe ChemDrain User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual