Charder MS 4971 User Manual

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Manufacturer’s Declaration of Conformity

This product has been manufactured in accordance with the harmonized European standards, following the provisions of the below stated directives:

93/42/EEC as amended by

2007/47/EC Medical Device Directive

2014/31/EU Non-

automatic Weighing Instruments

Directive

Please see separate document showing on sticker of device for above CE marking.

Authorized EU Representative:

Manufactured by:

Charder Electronic Co., Ltd. No.103, Guozhong Rd., Dali Dist.,

Taichung City, 412 Taiwan (R.O.C.)

CD-IN-00057 [REV001] 09/2018

MS 4971

Medical Scale

USER MANUAL

Please keep the instruction manual at hand all the time for future reference.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE.....................................................................................................3

INTENDED USE ......................................................................................... 3

GENERAL INFORMATION.......................................................................3

SAFETY INSTRUCTION ........................................................................... 3

CLEANING.................................................................................................. 5

MAINTENANCE......................................................................................... 5

WEIGHING OPERATION .......................................................................... 5

WARRANTY-LIABILITY...........................................................................5

DISPOSING OF THE SCALE..................................................................... 6

EXPLANATION OF THE GRAPHIC SYMBOLS..................................... 7

EMC GUIDANCE AND MANUFACTURER'S DECLARATION............8

SPECIFICATIONS.....................................................................................13

PANEL........................................................................................................14

LCD DISPLAY SYMBOLS.......................................................................15

SYMBOLS INFORMATION.....................................................................15

POWER ADAPTOR STANDARDS.......................................................... 16

OPERATION..............................................................................................17

SETTING-UP MS4971.............................................................................. 21

PRINT FUNCTION AND DATA TRANSMISSION ................................ 22

SCALE ASSEMBLING.............................................................................27

USING & ASSEMBLING: HEIGHT HM201M........................................28

INSTRUCTION FOR CHARGING AND USB CONNECTING.............29

INSTRUCTION FOR REPLACNG BATTERIES .................................... 30

ERROR MESSAGE...................................................................................31

TROUBLESHOOTING............................................................................. 33

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indication



Incorrect position or other external objects within weighing area



The weighing-scale is not put in a solid & firm ground area, such as carpet floor or lawn.

3. Connection failure for data transmission to PC or printer

 Wrong connection wires or faulty wires for transmission between

the digital indicator & load cells.

 Wrong indicator models  Wrong internal wiring or wire broken

In case of the following defective mode occurs, it is suggested to contact your nearest Authorized Dealer for further technician service & repair:

1. POWER switch-on failure :

 Push-button faulty  Short circuit wires - Wire broken  Safety fuse burnt out  Wire connection problem  Main power adaptor faulty – Parts Replacement

2. LCD display faulty

 Possible hardware defects include: Uneven brightness in the LCD

display screen & texts color blurred, smeared rainbow screen, incorrect decimal display

 LCD PIN broken or short circuit  PCB cooper foil broken & loosed welding  Unable to save or read data – IC or transistor faulty, internal parts

broken.

 LCD showing “ERRL” after switch on - Load cell damaged  Overload may cause the weigh to malfunction.  Software system crash  Resonator faulty  Load cells with faulty grinding standard.  Key buttons failure - Front key panel damaged or disconnected

3. Buzzer malfunction

 Wrong welding of PVC wire

Key buttons & control panel damaged or disconnected.

PREFACE

Thank you for choosing CHARDER MEDICAL product. All features of this product were designed to state of the art and are optimized for simple and straightforward use. If you have any queries or experience any problems not addressed in the operating instructions, please contact your CHARDER MEDICAL service partner, or visit us on the Internet at

www.chardermedical.com

INTENDED USE

This scale is used to determine weight of patients who is supported by professional personnel in rooMS intended for carrying out medical care. The scale is intended to diagnose, prevent and monitor diseases. The weighing value can be read off after a stable weighing value has been obtained. Before any use, the scale must be checked for correct condition by the authorized

person.

GENERAL INFORMATION

We strongly recommend you use the scales on flat and hard surface. Any soft surface, like carpet will cause inaccuracy.

SAFETY INSTRUCTION

Before putting the device into use, please read with care the

information given in the Operating Instructions. They contain important instructions for installation, proper use and maintenance of the device. The manufacturer shall not be liable for damages arising out of failure to heed the

following instructions:

 These batteries should be kept away from small children. If swallowed,

promptly seek medical assistance.

 Expected Service Life: 5 years

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 When using electrical components under increased safety requirements,

always comply with the appropriate regulations.

 Improper installation will render the warranty null and void.  Ensure the voltage marked on the power supply unit matches your main

power supply.

 This device is designed for use indoors.  Observe the permissible ambient temperatures for use

 Ensure that the patient does not lean against the device risk of falling  The device meets the requirements for electromagnetic compatibility. Do not

exceed the maximum values specified in the applicable standards.

If you have any question, contact your local CHARDER MEDICAL service partner.

Below symbols are used in this manual for user’s attention to prevent misunderstanding to the product, potential damages to the product, and potential dangers could happen to users by misusing the products.

Note!

Definition: Pointing out possible problems to the user, or contents that may confuse users and need to be clarified.

Caution!

Definition: Advice for the user to prevent damage to the product.

Warning!

Definition: Warnings for the user to prevent personal injury. Without following these instructions may result in physical injury, damage to the product or damage to the environment!

TROUBLESHOOTING

Troubleshooting for defective modes:

Original purchaser can enjoy the benefits under the effective Warranty against functional defects in material and workmanship subject to the terms and conditions listed in the yearly Warranty Program & Return Policy.

Our warranty service program includes the following:

1. Technician repair service under warranty or at a service maintenance charge depending on the workmanship for the defective functionality or cause of damage covered by the warranty.

2. Parts replacement from the manufacturing factory under the warranty or at a certain cost for the replaced parts plus the workmanship charge if not covered under the warranty.

Before you contact our Authorized Dealer in your country for technician repair service, please read through the following section carefully:

Self-checking Tips:

Some functional defects can be identified and maintained by users as listed below:

1. Power-on failure

 Check if the main power adaptor has not plugged onto the scale

properly

 Check if the battery power is running low - Replace with new

batteries

2. Indicator showing “0000” ZERO SPAN out of range



Incorrect weighing result - Avoid damages by external

environment force such as free-drop to the ground, collision by

external objects, etc.



Proper re-calibration procedure required to correct the setting

of weighing accuracy.



Interference due to RF disturbance, ground vibration…etc.



Unstable platform feet adjustments according to bubble level

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2. The scale is below its zero

range. Check there is nothing jammed underneath the scale and power on again. If the scale continues to show the error message, it indicates a fault with the electronics.

AD Error

This indicates there is a fault with

the scale’s software and is normally caused by a fault with the PC board. Contact your local service representative.

Negative weighing

The weight reading is below -2kg. Press ZERO to return to 0.0.

CLEANING

We would recommend using alcohol based wipes or similar when cleaning the scales. Please do not use large amounts of water when cleaning the scales as this will cause damage to the scales electronics, you should also refrain from using corrosive liquids or high pressure washers. Always disconnect the scales from the mains power supply before cleaning.

MAINTENANCE

The scale does not require any routine maintenance. However, we recommend checking the scale’s accuracy at regular intervals. The regularity of these checks is dependent on the level of use and the state of the scale. If any inaccuracies occur, please contact your local dealer or CHARDER MEDICAL service partner.

WEIGHING OPERATION

Before reading detailed instructions on how to use all the weighing functions that are built into your scale, please read the following important guidelines:

Always be sure that the display shows `Zero` before use, if it does not then please press the ZERO key.

The Professional Medical scale is designed to detect when a stable weight is achieved, the indicator will `beep` twice to indicate a stable weight value, your reading should be taken at this point.

WARRANTY-LIABILITY

If a fault or defect is present on receipt of the unit which is within CHARDER MEDICAL’s scope of responsibility, CHARDER shall have the right to either repair the fault or supply a replacement unit. Replaced parts shall be the property of CHARDER. Should the fault repairs or replacement delivery not be

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successful, the statutory provisions shall be valid. The period of warranty shall be two years, beginning on the date of purchase. Please retain your receipt as proof of purchase. Should your scale require servicing, please contact your dealer or CHARDER MEDICAL Customer Service. No responsibility shall be accepted for damage caused through any of the following reasons: Unsuitable or improper storage or use, incorrect installation or commissioning by the owner or third parties, natural wear, changes or modifications, incorrect or negligent handling , overuse, chemical, electrochemical or electrical interference or humidity, unless this is attributable to negligence on the part of CHARDER MEDICAL. If operating, climatic or any other influences lead to a major change in conditions or material quality, the treaty for perfect unit functioning shall be rendered null and void. If CHARDER provides and individual warranty, this means that the unit supplied will be free of faults for the length of the warranty period.

DISPOSING OF THE SCALE

This product is not to be treated as regular household waste, but should be handed in to an electrical/electronic equipment recycling centre. You can obtain further details from your local council, your municipal waste disposal company or the firm which you purchased the product

ERROR MESSAGE

Low Battery

The scale’s AA type batteries are

flat; please replace the batteries.

Overload

This indicates that the scale’s load

sensor(s) have been overloaded.

Reduce the loading and retry.

Counting Error

The signal from the load cells is

too high or too low. Please remove any weight from the scale, switch the scale off and power on again. If the scale continues to show this message, it indicates a fault with the electronics or wiring.

High/Low Zero Count

1. The scale is above its zero

range. Please remove any weight from the scale and power on again. If the scale continues to show the error message, it indicates a fault with the electronics.

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INSTRUCTION FOR REPLACNG BATTERIES

1. Open the battery housing cover

2. Take out the battery housing

3. Place the batteries

4. Make sure that the battery housing

pins will touch the right points

5. Re-install the battery housing

6. Close the battery housing cover.

EXPLANATION OF THE GRAPHIC SYMBOLS

SN-T13000001

Designation of the serial number of every device, applied at the device.

(Number as an example)

“Please note the accompanying documents“ or “Observe operating instructions”

Charder Electronic Co., Ltd.

No.103, Guozhong Rd., Dali Dist., Taichung City 412, Taiwan (R.O.C.)

Identification of manufacturer of medical product including address

Type B applied part

Carefully read this operation manual

before setup and commissioning, even if you are already familiar with Charder scales.

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EMC GUIDANCE AND MANUFACTURER'S DECLARATION

Guidance and manufacturer’s declaration-electromagnetic emissions

The MEDICAL SCALE MS4971 is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below. The customer or the user of the MEDICAL SCALE MS4971 should assure that it is used in such an environment.

Emission test Compliance

Electromagnetic environment-guidance

RF emissions CISPR 11

Group 1

The MEDICAL SCALE MS4971 uses RF energy only for its internal function. Therefore, its RF emissions are very low and are not likely to cause any interference in nearby electronic equipment.

RF emissions CISPR 11

Class B

Harmonic emissions IEC 61000-3-2

Class A

Voltage fluctuations /flicker emissions IEC 61000-3-3

Compliance

The MEDICAL SCALE MS4971 is suitable for use in all establishments, including domestic establishments and those directly connected to the public low-voltage power supply network that supplies buildings used for domestic purposes.

CAUTION:

Always connect the AC adaptor with the indicator before connecting to the mains power supply. Please disconnect the adaptor from main power supply before taking out the AC adaptor pin from indicator.

INSTRUCTION FOR CHARGING AND USB CONNECTING

prompt displays on the LCD, please charge the scale with MS exclusive adaptor or replace the batteries. Locate adaptor plug-in at the left side of indicator.

USB socket above USB symbol, and you can connect USB cable to transfer data.

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USING & ASSEMBLING: HEIGHT HM201M

Assemble HM201M on MS4971

1. Fix blocks on the column

and tight the screws.

2. Fix HM201M on the

block and tight the screw.

Guidance and manufacturer’s declaration-electromagnetic immunity

Immunity test

IEC 60601 test

level

Compliance

level

Electromagnetic

environment-guidance

Electrostatic discharge(ESD) IEC 61000-4-2

± 6 kV contact ± 8 kV air

Floors should be wood, concrete or ceramic tile. If floors are covered with synthetic material, the relative humidity should be at least 30%

Electrical fast transient/burst IEC 61000-4-4

± 2kV for power supply lines + 1kV for input/output lines

± 2kV for power supply lines Not applicable

Mains power quality should be that of a typical commercial or hospital environment.

Surge IEC 61000-4-5

± 1kV line(s) to line(s) ± 2kV line(s) to earth

± 1kV differential mode Not applicable

Mains power quality should be that of a typical commercial or hospital environment.

Voltage Dips, short interruptions and voltage variations on power supply input lines IEC 61000-4-11

<5% UT(>95% dip in UT) for 0,5 cycle 40% UT(60% dip in UT) for 5 cycles 70% UT(30% dip in UT) for 25 cycles <5% UT(>95% dip in UT) for 5 s

Mains power quality should be that of a typical commercial or hospital environment. If the user of the MEDICAL SCALE MS4971 requires continued operation during power mains interruptions, it is recommended that the MEDICAL SCALE MS4971 be powered from an uninterruptible power supply or a battery.

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Power frequency(50/60 Hz) magnetic field IEC 61000-4-8

3 A/m 3 A/m

The MEDICAL SCALE MS4971 power frequency magnetic fields should be at levels characteristic of a typical location in a typical commercial or hospital environment.

NOTE UT is the a.c. mains voltage prior to application of the test level.

Guidance and manufacturer’s declaration-electromagnetic immunity

The MEDICAL SCALE MS4971 is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below. The customer or the user of the MEDICAL SCALE MS4971 should assure that is used in such and environment.

Immunity test

IEC 60601 test level

Compliance level

Electromagnetic environment-guidance

Conducted RF IEC 61000-4-6

3 Vrms 150 KHz to 80 MHz

3 Vrms

Portable and mobile RF communications equipment should be used no closer to any part of the

MEDICAL SCALE

MS4971 including cables, than the recommended separation distance calculated from the equation applicable to the frequency of the transmitter.

Recommended separation distance:

d = 1,2 √P d = 1,2 √P 80MHz to 800 MHz d = 2,3 √P 800MHz to 2,5 GHz

Where P is the maximum output power rating of the transmitter in watts (W) according to the transmitter manufacturer and d is the recommended separation distance in metres (m).

SCALE ASSEMBLING

Column:

Step 1. Assembling column with base.

Step 2. Connecting wire between column and base first

Step 3. Tightening four screws at the bottom of base.

Assembling is complete.

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Standard Accessories

No.

Accessories

Item Spec.

Qty.

Column no wheel:

Flat head screw

M6 x 20 4

12V adaptor

AC adapter

USB cable B-type 1

User manual IN-00057 1

Radiated RF IEC 61000-4-3

3 V/m 80MHz to 2,5 GHz

3 V/m

Field strengths from fixed RF transmitters, as determined by an electromagnetic site surveya, should be less than the compliance level in each frequency range

Interference may occur in the vicinity of equipment marked with the following symbol:

NOTE1 At 80 MHz and 800 MHz, the higher frequency range applies. NOTE2 These guidelines may not apply in all situations. Electromagnetic propagation is affected by absorption and reflection from structures, objects and people. a Field strengths from fixed transmitters, such as base stations for radio

(cellular/cordless) telephones and land mobile radios, amateur radio, AM and FM radio broadcast and TV broadcast cannot be predicted theoretically with accuracy. To assess the electromagnetic environment due to fixed RF transmitters, an electromagnetic site survey should be considered. If the measured field strength in the location in which the MEDICAL SCALE MS4971 is used exceeds the applicable RF compliance level above, the MEDICAL SCALE MS4971 should be observed to verify normal operation. If abnormal performance is observed, additional measures my be necessary, such as re-orienting or relocating the MEDICAL SCALE MS4971.

b Over the frequency range 150 kHz to 80 MHz, field strengths should be les than

3 V/m.

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Recommended separation distance between portable and mobile RF

communications equipment and the MEDICAL SCALE

The MEDICAL SCALE MS4971 is intended for use in an electromagnetic environment in which radiated RF disturbances are controlled. The customer or the user of the MEDICAL SCALE MS4971 can help prevent electromagnetic interference by maintaining a minimum distance between portable and mobile RF communications equipment (transmitters) and the MEDICAL SCALE MS4971 as recommended below, according to the maximum output power of the communications equipment.

Separation distance according to frequency of transmitter m

Rated maximum output

power of transmitter

150 kHz to 80 MHz

d =1,2√P

80 MHz to 800 MHz

d =1,2√P

800 MHz to 2,5 GHz

d =2,3√P

0,01 0,12 0,12 0,23

0,1 0,38 0,38 0,73

1 1,2 1,2 2,3

10 3,8 3,8 7,3

100 12 12 23

For transmitters rated at a maximum output power not listed above, the recommended separation distance d in metres (m) can be estimated using the equation applicable to the frequency of the transmitter, where p is the maximum output power rating of the transmitter in watts (W) according to the transmitter manufacturer.

NOTE1 At 80 MHz and 800 MHz, the separation distance for the higher frequency range applies. NOTE2 These guidelines may not apply in all situations. Electromagnetic propagation is affected by absorption and reflection from structures, objects and people.

8. Printout Data Through USB cable connector Click OK button to complete the setting. The PC will retrieve the weighing & BMI data from the CHARDER scale and display on the HyperTerminal program similar to the layout below. While the Hyper Terminal program is running, type “P” KEY on the PC keyboard to transmit a print command to printout from the thermal printer on the CHARDER scale for hard copy of weighing data & BMI. Or, press the [PRINT] button on the display panel of CHARDER scales, the printout presented below is the standard format print layout as well as shown on the HyperTerminal computer screen.

GROSS WEIGHT 70.00kg TARE WEIGHT 0.00kg NET WEIGHT 0.00kg USER HEIGHT 170.0cm USER B.M.I. 24.2

01/01/2017 10:00

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5. New Connection Description Name the connection and click OK Button

6. Select COM Port on User PC Click Connect to select COM port on the computer. Select Bluetooth Port

for connection. Then click OK.

7. Port Settings for Printout Set up as below:

 Baud rate: 9600 bps  Parity check: None  Data length: 8 bits  Stop bit: 1 bit  Handshake: RTS/CTS  Data code: ASCII

SPECIFICATIONS

Model MS4971 Capacity 300kg Division 0.1kg Accuracy ± 150g Unit kg LCD Display 1.4 inch LCD screen with 5 digits

Dimension

360(W) x 480(D) x1100(H) mm

Column only: 1000 mm

Key Functions

UNIT , TRANSFER , ON/OFF/ZERO ,

HOLD/BMI , TARE/BSA

Standard

Accessories

Screw x 4, Adaptor x 1 , USB cable x 1 ,

User manual x 1

Options Mechanical Height Measurement HM201M

Operating Temp. and Humidity

5°C - 35°C

15% - 85% RH

Power Supply

6- AA Batteries

12V AC Adaptor

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PANEL

Operation keys Functions

UNIT

For OIML approved model, only kg unit is available

SEND

Send data key. Press to send measuring data to PC

ON/OFF/ZERO

Switch on and off. Press button to turn it on. To turn it off, press and hold the button for 1 second Press once to set the scale to zero when scale is on

HOLD/BMI

Enable HOLD and BMI function Press once to enable weight lock function Press button and hold 3 secs to enable BMI mode

TARE/BSA

Press once to enable TARE function When BMI is activated. Press TARE/BSA button to display BSA[body surface area]

Hyper Terminal setting in PC for printout Hyper Terminal is a freeware on PC Windows XP SP3 or lower to setup the

PC printer com-port with USB or RS232 cable connector transmission. For use on Windows Vista or higher please download hyper terminal software program from Charder website: http://www.chardermedical.com/download/dlist-4.htm

4. Start Hyper Terminal

After taking the weight and BMI, run Hyper Terminal program from the PC’s Windows OS with the following steps: Step.1- Click on Start Button. Step.2- Go to All Programs. Step.3- Select Accessories. Step.4- Find Communications. Step.5- In Communications section click on HyperTerminal.

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PRINT FUNCTION AND DATA TRANSMISSION

The Weighing, BMI and Height results can be kept in the PC for records by using the USB interface cable, which is connected to the USB plug at the back terminal. After completing BMI and BSA process, simply press key to transfer the results to the PC.

HOW TO SET UP USB CONNECTIONS ON THE PC

1. Make sure the PC hardware device has USB port version2.0 or above compatibility. Users may need to consult with local computer accessories dealers to select the proper USB cable length that is most suitable to work environment for best performance, then connect the cable first between the PC and CHARDER Scale model.

2. Run HyperTerminal program under Windows OS computer and input printer port parameter settings, please refer to the next Section in <Step 7> on how to setup HyperTerminal program in user’s computer for printer port parameters.

3. Once the HyperTerminal setting is ready, make sure the USB cable is connected properly between the user PC’s USB port and the CHARDER Scale Model again. Press button on the Scale Display Panel for transferring the weight & BMI data to the PC.

LCD DISPLAY SYMBOLS

BSA : Body surface area is activated BMI : Body Mass Index is activated NET : Net weight appears after press tare button HOLD : Weight lock function is activated

SYMBOLS INFORMATION

Symbol Information Remark

Stability sign

Mark appears when weight is stable

Negative sign

When weight value is negative

Zero indication

When scale is set to zero

Battery symbol

Indicate 5 level of battery power.

Stability sign

Negative sign

Zero indication

Battery symbol

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POWER ADAPTOR STANDARDS

CAUTION: The device is only compatible with restricted power adaptors in dashed block below.

SETTING-UP MS4971

1. Switch on the scale.

2. Press key and hold for 6 seconds to enable setting mode.

3. LCD shows “SETUP” first and then “A.OFF” appears.

Switch between modes and menu

Reverse switch between modes and menu

Confirm setting.

AUTO-OFF TIME SETUP This enables operator to select the auto turn OFF time of the device. BUZZER ON/OFF SETUP

Set auto-off timer between 120/180/240/300/off Set buzzer on and off Set HOLD function release after unload weight ON and OFF.

Note Confirm in the menu to save all settings.

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6.1.1 Enable BSA in BMI mode

1. Starting with BMI process

2. When BMI, weight and height is playing rotationally.

3. Press to play BSA value.

4. Press to return to the BMI mode.

Press to return to the normal mode

BMI

Height

weight

Height

weight

BSA

OPERATION

1 Switching on/off

Switching on

Press to switch the scale on The device shows a start-up screen with the full segmental LCD display, software version and then 0.0 kg

Switching off

Press and hold for 3 seconds to switch scale off

Zero the scale

Press while scale is on to zeroing the scale

2 Straight weighing

1. Place weighing object/person on the scale

2. Wait until the stability sign appears

3. Read the weighing result

3 Weighing with hold

This device is provided with the integrated hold function (determination of average value). It enables people to be weighed accurately although they are not still on the scale plate. Once the HOLD key is pressed, the weight reading will remain on the display after the item has been removed from the scale so the reading can easily be read.

Note

 Determination of average value is not possible when a person moves too much.

HOLD function won’t work if the weight is under 2 kg.

1. Switch on the scale. The diagnostic self-checks is performed. The

scale is ready for weighing when the „0.0 kg” displays on the screen.

2. Place object/person on the scale.

3. Press key. When the triangle is flashing on the display,

the scale records the fluctuating weight values and then calculates average weight and displays the result on the screen.

4. Remove object/person from the scale. The weight reading will

remain on the display.

5. Press key again to return the scale to the normal weighing

mode.

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6. HOLD function can be activated before or after place the weight

on the SCALE.

4 Weighing with tare

Tare function allows the user to deduct the excess weight of a single tare object value (additional loads or clothes) from the display reading, thus calculate the actual net weight of the object/ person.

4.1.1 Taring

Place tare object (additional loads or clothes) on scale and press to tare the weight of object.

 The zero display and the symbol NET appear.  The tare weight remains stored until it is cleared.

4.1.2 Clear the tare

Press to clear tare weight

 The symbol NET disappear  The gross weight appears in the display.

5 Weighing with BMI

For BMI calculation, height is needed, therefore it is recommended to measure the height of subject before starting weighing procedure.

1. Switch on the scale.

2. Place object/person on the scale.

3. Press key and hold for 3 seconds. First, display will show

“HOLD” and lock weight then display show “height value”.

4. Adjust height value by using (↓) and (↑) keys.

5. Switch between digits by using (→) key.

6. Press to confirm height value.

7. Display will show “HOLD” and lock weight to calculate BMI.

BMI

Height

weight

Body Mass Index Categories

Classification of weight for adults over 18 years on the basis of Body Mass Index according to WHO, 2000 EK IV and WHO 2004 (WHO - World Health Organization).

6 Weighing with BSA

- Values for Body Surface Area (BSA) is the measured or calculated surface area of a human body. For many clinical purposes, BSA is a better indicator of metabolic mass than body weight because it is less affected by abnormal adipose mass. BSA is commonly used in medicine, particularly to calculate doses of chemotherapeutic agents and index cardiac output.

Average BSA for children of various ages, for men, and for women, are taken to be:

Age BSA

Neonate (newborn) 0.25 m²

Child of 2 years 0.5 m²

9 years 1.07 m²

10 years 1.14 m²

12-13 years 1.33 m² Women 1.6 m² Men 1.9 m²

There was an average BSA of 1.73 m² for 3,000 cancer patients from 1990 to 1998 in a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) database. During 2005, there was an average BSA of 1.79 m² for 3,613 adult cancer patients in the UK. Among them, the average BSA for men was 1.91 m² and for women was

1.71 m². However, there is some evidence that BSA values are less accurate at extremes of height and weight, where Body Mass Index may be a better estimate.