Ceyear 4041 Series, 4041E, 4041D, 4041F, 4041G User Manual

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4041 Series Spectrum Analyzer

User Manual

China Electronics Technology Instruments Co., Ltd.

4041 Series Spectrum Analyzer

User Manual

2.731.1098SSCN

China Electronics Technology Instruments Co., Ltd

Foreword

Tel +86-0532-86896691 Website www.ceyear.com E-mail sales@ceyear.com Address: No.98 Xiangjiang Road, Qingdao City, China Postcode 266555

Statements

This is the first version of User Manual for 4041 Series Spectrum Analyzer. This manual may be subject to change without notice. CETI reserves all the rights to the final explanation for all the information and

terminologies referred to in this manual. This manual is the property of CETI. Without our permission, any

organizations or individuals shall neither alter/temper nor duplicate/transmit this manual for profits; otherwise, CETI reserves the right to pursue any liabilities therefrom.

Thanks a lot for choosing the 4041 series spectrum analyzer developed and manufactured by CETI.

We are devoted to providing for you high-quality products and first-class after-sales service with your most concerns and demands in mind. Following the consistent tenet of “High Quality and Considerable Service”, we are committed to provide for our customers satisfactory products and services. For any questions, please contact

us:

This manual describes the applications, operation instructions, notices of use, performance characteristics, basic working principle, fault diagnosis and other directions regarding the 4041 series spectrum analyzer developed and manufactured by CETI, enabling you to get familiar with the operation methods and key points of use as soon as possible. For a proper use of this instrument, please carefully read and strictly follow this manual.

This manual consists of 12 chapters:

Chapter I describes the basic information of the 4041 series spectrum analyzer, including main technical features, already available or potentially available functions, and technical specifications.

Chapters II~IX mainly covers operation instructions. Specifically speaking, Chapter II describes the method to handle a newly-received spectrum analyzer and the notices for use. Chapter III mainly introduces the front panel and external interfaces of the unit. Chapter IV, Chapter V, Chapter VI, Chapter VII, Chapter VIII and Chapter IX respectively introduce the Spectrum Analyzer measurement mode, Interference Analyzer measurement mode (option), Power meter mode (option), AM/FM/PM analyzer measurement mode (option), Channel scanner measurement mode (option) and field strength measurement mode (option) of the 4041 series spectrum analyzer.

Chapters X and XI contain technical instructions, including brief description of working principle, as well as main technical specifications and test methods of performance characteristics.

Chapter XII contains maintenance instructions, including fault diagnosis steps, fault information description and repair methods.

However, due to limitations of the author, the manual may be subject to errors or deficiencies. We sincerely welcome your corrections! We apologize for any inconvenience caused by our mistake in our work.

The Author

Oct. 2018

Environment and Safety Instructions

I. Safety Protection

1. Safety precautions for the instrument

1) Please use the designated packaging box for transportation, and protect the instrument against damage from dropping or violent impacting.

2) Please select 100 V~120 V or 200 V~240 V AC 3-core stabilized power supply, so as to prevent the internal hardware from being damaged by high-power peak pulse interference.

3) Keep the power supply properly grounded, as improper or wrong grounding may lead to unit damage.

4) Wear anti-electrostatic wrist or take other anti-electrostatic measures when operating the unit, so as to prevent the unit from being damaged by the static electricity.

5) Avoid signals above 16 VDC, and prevent the signal power from exceeding 30 dBm; otherwise, the unit may be damaged.

6) Neither insert any objects from the opening on the housing of unit nor pour fluids on or into the unit; otherwise, short circuit may occur inside the unit and cause electrical shock, fire hazard or personal injury.

7) Never cover the grooves or openings that serve for internal ventilation on the unit; otherwise, the unit may become overheated. Never place the unit on sofa, blanket or in a closed enclosure, unless a good ventilation is provided.

8) Never place the unit on the heater, heating fan or other heat sources, and ensure that the ambient temperature is not above the maximum temperature specified in this manual.

9) Please note that, the unit, once catching fire, may emit toxic gases or fluids that are harmful to human health.

2. Safety precautions for other instrument & equipment

1) Before connecting this unit, check its working condition and switch off the RF output, so as to prevent the tested device from being damaged by the high-power signals output by the unit.

2) As the unit may output a higher power during self-test, please disconnect all the external equipment in this case.

3) If, during the use of the spectrum analyzer, a fault warning indication occurs to tell the user that the spectrum analyzer involves an abnormality, please turn off the RF switch or power switch and disconnect all the external equipment to eliminate any possible influences on the tested device.

3. Personal safety precautions

1) Use a proper tool to transport the unit and its packaging box, and handle it gently to prevent personal injury when the unit drops.

2) Keep the power supply properly grounded, as improper or wrong grounding may lead to personal injury.

3) When it becomes necessary to wipe off the unit, please power it off in advance to prevent hazard of electrical shock. It is allowed to wipe the outside of unit using a dry or slightly wet soft cloth, and never attempt to wipe its inside.

4) Any operator shall receive professional training before use, and be highly concentrated during use. The operator of the unit shall be sound in body and mind; otherwise, personal injury or property loss may occur.

5) As the unit involves potential hazard of microwave radiation when working at a high power, please take corresponding radiation prevention measures.

6) Never use the unit when its power line is damaged. Please check on a regular basis if the power line is normal. Take appropriate safety protection measures and place the power line in such a proper way that it will not be damaged and anybody will not be stumbled or electrocuted by the power line.

7) Never use the unit outdoors in bad weather like thunderstorm, so as to prevent unit damage or personal injury.

8) Neither insert any objects from the opening on the housing of unit nor pour fluids on or into the unit;

otherwise, short circuit may occur inside the unit and/or cause electrical shock, fire hazard or personal injury.

9) Like other industrial products, the use of allergic materials (allergens including aluminum) is inevitable. In case of any anaphylactic reaction (for instance, rash, repeated sneezes, eye irritation or breath with difficulty), please seek medical advice immediately to find out the causes. Please note that, the unit, once catching fire, may emit toxic gases or fluids that are harmful to human health. In this case, please take reasonable fire-fighting measures or evacuate from the operation station.

10) This product, though in compliance with the EMC-related specifications, still has some electromagnetic radiation. Considering this, the user shall confirm if there are any personnel vulnerable to such radiation in the working environment, and when necessary, take corresponding preventive measures.

11) This product can be opened only by the authorized personnel. Before opening the unit or performing other operations to it, cut off the power supply first. Only the technician of the manufacturer can perform such operations as instrument adjustment, part replacement, maintenance or repair, and when a safety-related parts needs replacement, always use the original part.

II. Environment protection

1. Disposal of packing container

We are committed that the package of this product contains no harmful materials. Please keep well the packaging box and linings for transport purpose in the future; or, dispose the packages according to the local environment regulations.

2. Treatment of scrapped articles

Parts replaced during maintenance and upgrade of this instrument are to be recovered by CETI; when the instrument comes to the end of its service life, never throw or dispose it at will, and instead, please inform CETI or other qualified recycling unit for recycle.

Unless otherwise specified, please follow Regulation on the Administration of the Recovery and Disposal of Waste Electrical and Electronic Products and local environment regulations.

Table of Contents

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................... 1

Section 1 Product Overview ................................................................................................................... 2

Section 2 Main Technical Specifications ................................................................................................ 5

ARTICLE I INSTRUCTIONS ...................................................................................................................... 8

CHAPTER II USER GUIDE ..................................................................................................................... 10

Section 1 Self-inspection after Unpacking............................................................................................ 10

Section 2 Safety Instructions ................................................................................................................ 10

Section 3 User Checks ......................................................................................................................... 13

CHAPTER III BASIC OPERATIONS ....................................................................................................... 14

Section 1 Introduction to Front Panel ................................................................................................... 14

Section 2 Introduction to Interfaces ...................................................................................................... 19

CHAPTER IV SPECTRUM ANALYZER MODE ..................................................................................... 22

Section 1 Introduction to Typical Measurement ................................................................................... 24

Section 2 Spectrum Analyzer Menu Structure ..................................................................................... 55

Section 3 Description of Spectrum Analyzer Menu .............................................................................. 60

CHAPTER V INTERFERENCE ANALYZER MEASUREMENT MODE (OPTION) ................................ 82

Section 1 Introduction to Typical Measurement ................................................................................... 82

Section 2 Interference Analyzer Menu Structure ................................................................................. 85

Section 3 Description of Interference Analyzer Menu .......................................................................... 87

CHAPTER VI POWER METER MODE (OPTION) .................................................................................. 94

Section 1 Introduction to Typical Measurement ................................................................................... 94

Section 2 Power Meter Menu Structure ............................................................................................... 96

Section 3 Description of Power meter Menu ........................................................................................ 97

CHAPTER VII AM-FM-PM ANALYZER MODE (OPTIONAL) .............................................................. 100

Section 1 Introduction to Typical Measurement ................................................................................. 100

Section 2 AM/FM/PM analyzer Menu Structure ................................................................................. 102

Section 3 Description of AM/FM/PM analyzer Menu.......................................................................... 104

CHAPTER VIII CHANNEL SCANNER MODE (OPTION) .................................................................... 110

Section 1 Introduction to Typical Measurement ................................................................................. 110

Section 2 Structure of the Channel scanner Menu ............................................................................ 114

Section 3 Description of Channel scanner Menu ............................................................................... 115

CHAPTER IX FIELD STRENGTH MEASUREMENT MODE (OPTION) .............................................. 118

Section 1 Introduction to Typical Measurement ................................................................................. 118

Section 2 Field Strength Measurement Menu Structure .................................................................... 121

Section 3 Description of the Field Strength Measurement Menu ...................................................... 123

ARTICLE II TECHNICAL INSTRUCTIONS........................................................................................... 130

CHAPTER X WORKING PRINCIPLE ................................................................................................... 132

CHAPTER XI PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS TEST .............................................................. 134

11.1 Frequency range......................................................................................................................... 137

Table of Contents

11.2 Frequency readout accuracy ...................................................................................................... 138

11.3 Span accuracy ............................................................................................................................ 139

11.4 Sweep time ................................................................................................................................. 141

11.5 RBW ............................................................................................................................................ 142

11.6 RBW switching uncertainty ......................................................................................................... 144

11.7 Sideband noise ........................................................................................................................... 145

11.8 Displayed average noise level .................................................................................................... 146

11.9 Second harmonic distortion ........................................................................................................ 150

11.10 Third-order intermodulation distortion ...................................................................................... 152

11.11 1dB gain compression .............................................................................................................. 157

11.12 Image, Multiple, and Out-of-band Responses ......................................................................... 159

11.13 Residual response .................................................................................................................... 161

11.14 Reference level ......................................................................................................................... 164

11.15 Scale fidelity .............................................................................................................................. 166

11.16 Total level uncertainty ............................................................................................................... 167

11.17 Input attenuator......................................................................................................................... 169

11.18 Input voltage standing wave ratio test ...................................................................................... 170

11.19 Maximum fail-safe input level ................................................................................................... 171

11.20 Displayed scale......................................................................................................................... 171

11.21 Video BW .................................................................................................................................. 171

ARTICLE III MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS .................................................................................... 173

CHAPTER XII FAULT INFORMATION DESCRIPTION AND REPAIR METHODS ............................ 175

Section 1 Fault Information Description ............................................................................................. 175

Section 2 Repair Methods .................................................................................................................. 175

APPENDIX A TEST RESULTS OF PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS ...................................... 176

Chapter I Overview

A “WARNING” sign indicates for an existing danger. It reminds the user to pay attention to a certain operation process, operation method or the similar. Any violation against the indicated rules or incorrect operation may lead to personal injury. It is not allowed to proceed until the warning conditions are fully comprehended and satisfied.

A “CAUTION” sign provides prompt on important information but not dangerous situations. It reminds the user to pay attention to a certain operation process, operation method or the similar. Any violation against the indicated rules or incorrect operation may lead to instrument damage or loss of important data. It is not allowed to proceed until the cautioning conditions are fully comprehended and satisfied.

CAUTION

WARNING

Chapter I Overview

For the purpose of this manual, the following safety symbols apply, and please be familiar with them and their meanings before operating this instrument!

Chapter I Overview

Section 1 Product Overview

1.1.1 Introduction

The 4041 series spectrum analyzer is adopted with the compact portable box structure, which has advantages of small size, light weight, low power consumption and convenient carrying. The broadband millimeter-wave receiver miniaturization integrated design technology, whole phase locking technology based on the broadband VCO, full digital intermediate frequency design technology, and microwave composite multilayer circuit board design technology are adopted for this product, thus realizing high performance specifications and ensuring the economical efficiency of the product. The 4041 spectrum analyzer series currently consists of four types of products. The frequency measurement range covers 9kHz~20GHz, 9kHz~26.5GHz, 9kHz~32GHz and 9kHz~44GHz respectively. The full spectrum of the product is equipped with a preamplifier, so that it has very high receiving sensitivity at any frequency point. In addition, with the 12.1-inch high brightness LCD and integrated design of capacitive touch screen, large button and virtual button combination design, its operation convenience is improved. For its performance specifications, it has excellent average noise level and phase noise indicator as well as the high scanning speed. For its measurement function, it has the option modes including the Interference Analyzer, channel scanner, AM/FM/PM analyzer, and USB Power meter, as well as a variety of measurement functions including the channel power, occupied bandwidth, adjacent channel power, audio demodulation, emission mask and carrier-to-noise ratio. This product can be used for the test and maintenance of the aviation, spaceflight, wireless communications and radar signals and devices, and it can also be used for the research, development and production of electronic products and the teaching experiment of scientific research institutes. For its outline, see Fig 1-1 below.

Fig 1-1 4041 Series Spectrum Analyzer

1.1.2 Characteristics

The 4041 series spectrum analyzer is designed on the concept of highly integration, modularization and standardization and boasts excellent performance. Its main characteristics are described below:

Chapter I Overview

A portable case characterized by thin thickness and light weight, which can be conveniently placed and

carried;

Wide frequency range covering 9kHz~20GHz/26.5GHz/32GHz/44GHz; with the full frequency preamplifier

as standard;

High sensitivity, and a Min. DANL of -163 dBm@1 Hz RBW (with preamplifier on); Phase noise indicator (1 GHz carrier): -106 dBc/Hz@100 kHz frequency offset; Resolution bandwidth: 1 Hz~10 MHz; Extremely high sweep speed: Minimum sweep time@ 1 GHz span <20 ms; Various measurement functions, such as the channel power, occupied bandwidth, adjacent channel power,

audio demodulation, carrier-to-noise ratio, and emission mask.;

Abundant test function mode options: Interference Analyzer (spectrogram, RSSI), AM/FM/PM analyzer

(AM/FM/PM), Channel scanner, and high-precision USB Power meter, etc.;

Easy to operate, equipped with 12.1-inch high brightness LCD screen featuring large font display and loose

button layout, and supporting the capacitive touch screen operation and touch screen marker dragging.

1.1.3 Functions

The 4041 series spectrum analyzer is featured with abundant measurement functions, mainly including:

Spectrum Analyzer function, which allows basic Spectrum Analyzer to the signals, including field strength

measurement, channel power, occupied bandwidth, adjacent channel power, emission mask, carrier-to-noise ratio, audio demodulation, IQ capture, tracking generation and other intelligent measurement functions;

List sweep function (option), which allows the continuous scanning measurement of multiple frequency

bands;

Interference analyzer function (option), which provides functions including the spectrogram and RSSI

measurement;

AM/FM/PM analyzer function (option), which allows the modulation characteristics analysis of the

AM/FM/PM signals;

Power meter function (option), which allows high-precision USB Power meter; Channel scanner function (option), which allows signal Power meter of multiple channels or frequencies; Field strength measurement function (option), which allows dot frequency measurement, frequency scanning

measurement and list scanning measurement;

GPS positioning function (option), which realizes GPS positioning through an external GPS antenna; Zero span intermediate frequency output function (option), which realizes output of third/fourth-intermediate

frequency at zero span through the intermediate frequency output interface.

1.1.4 Typical Applications

■ Test of Components and Parts

It can be used for the test of parameters and specifications including the gain, frequency response, frequency conversion loss and insertion loss of the components and modules including the amplifier, filter, mixer, attenuator, cable and directional coupler.

Chapter I Overview

■ Test and Diagnosis of the Transmitter and Receiver

The 4041 spectrum analyzer has a number of measurement function modes including the Spectrum Analyzer, Interference Analyzer, AM/FM/PM analyzer, USB Power meter, and Channel scanner, and it also has a number of measurement functions including the channel power, occupied bandwidth, adjacent channel power, carrier-to-noise ratio, field strength, and emission mask; therefore, it can provide the comprehensive Spectrum Analyzer and diagnosis service for the test of the transmitter and receiver.

Chapter I Overview

The 4041 series spectrum analyzer, after being stored at ambient temperature 2h and then preheated for 30 min, meet all the technical specifications within the given working temperature range.

Additional features expressed by typical values are for reference only, and does not constitute subject of proof.

Test Item

Technical Specifications

Model

4041D/E/F/G

Frequency range

4041D: 9 kHz~20 GHz 4041E: 9 kHz~26.5 GHz 4041F: 9 kHz~32 GHz 4041G: 9 kHz~44 GHz Tuning resolution: 1 Hz

Frequency reference

Nominal frequency: 10 MHz Frequency reference error: (Time to last calibration date × Aging rate +

Temperature stability + Calibration accuracy) Aging rate: 510-7/year Temperature stability: 110-7 (0°C  50°C, relative to 25 5°C) Initial calibration accuracy: 310-7 Note: The time to last calibration date is 1 year by default

Frequency readout accuracy

(frequency reading × frequency reference error +2% × span +10% × resolution bandwidth)

Frequency span

Range: 100 Hz~The upper limit of the frequency of the corresponding model; 0 Hz (zero span)

Tuning resolution: 1 Hz Accuracy: ±2.0%

Sweep Time

Range: 10 μs~600 s (zero span) Accuracy: ±2.00% (zero span)

Resolution Bandwidth

Range: 1 Hz~10 MHz (1-3 times step) Accuracy (3.0 dB): ±10% 1 kHz~3 MHz ±20% 10 MHz

Resolution bandwidth change

uncertainty

1.00 dB 1 Hz~10 MHz (reference: 100 kHz RBW)

CAUTION

Section 2 Main Technical Specifications

The 4041 series spectrum analyzer has been subject to strict test of technical specifications before delivery, and the user can choose to prove the technical specifications given in this manual by test. For the main technical specifications of the 4141 series spectrum analyzer, see the Table 1-1 below.

Table 1-1 Technical Specifications of 4041 Series Spectrum Analyzer

Chapter I Overview

Video Bandwidth

1 Hz~10 MHz (1-3 times step)

SSB phase noise

(Carrier 1 GHz, 20℃~30℃)

≤-102 dBc/Hz@10 kHz frequency offset ≤-106 dBc/Hz@100 kHz frequency offset ≤-111 dBc/Hz@1MHz frequency offset ≤-123 dBc/Hz@10MHz frequency offset

Displayed average noise level

(Tracking Generator off, 50 Ω

input end load, 0 dB input

attenuation, average detection,

video type logarithm, RBW

normalized to 1 Hz, 20℃30℃)

Preamplifier off

≤-135 dBm (2 MHz~10 MHz) ≤-138 dBm (10 MHz~20 GHz) ≤-135 dBm (20 GHz~32 GHz) ≤-127 dBm (32 GHz~40 GHz) ≤-120 dBm (40 GHz~44 GHz)

Preamplifier on

≤-150 dBm (2 MHz~10 MHz) ≤-157 dBm (10 MHz~20 GHz) ≤-154 dBm (20 GHz~32 GHz) ≤-148 dBm (32 GHz~40 GHz) ≤-140 dBm (40 GHz~44 GHz)

Second harmonic distortion

(0 dB attenuation, -30 dBm input

signal)

<-60 dBc

Third-order intermodulation

distortion

(-15 dBm double tone signal, 100

kHz interval, 0 dB attenuation,

preamplifier off)

≥+7 dBm 50 MHz~4 GHz ≥+6 dBm 4 GHz~13 GHz ≥+6 dBm 13 GHz~44 GHz

1 dB gain compression

(Dual-tone method test, signal

interval 10 MHz)

≥-2 dBm 50 MHz~4 GHz ≥-3 dBm 4 GHz~13 GHz ≥-3 dBm 13 GHz~44 GHz

Image, multiple and out-of-band

response

(-10 dBm mixer level)

≤-65 dBc 10 MHz~20 GHz ≤-60 dBc 20 GHz~44 GHz

Residual response

(RF input matching, 0 dB

attenuation, Tracking Generator

off)

Exceptional frequency point 3,200 MHz Preamplifier on:

≤-100 dBm 10 MHz~20 GHz ≤-95 dBm 20 GHz~44 GHz

Preamplifier off:

≤-90 dBm 10 MHz~13 GHz ≤-85 dBm 13 GHz~20 GHz ≤-80 dBm 20 GHz~44 GHz

Scale fidelity

±1.00 dB

Total level uncertainty

±1.8 dB (10 MHz~13 GHz)

Chapter I Overview

(after 30 minute warm-up,input

signal 0 dBm ~-50 dBm, all set as

auto coupling,20℃~30℃)

±2.3 dB (13 GHz ~40 GHz)

Input attenuator

Attenuation range: 0 dB~50 dB, 10 dB step Switching uncertainty: ±1.20 dB

Maximum safe input level

（CW input）

+30dBm, typical value (≥10dB attenuation, preamplifier off ) +23dBm, typical value (<10dB attenuation, preamplifier off ) +13dBm, typical value (preamplifier on)

Reference Level

Logarithmic scale: -120 dBm~+30 dBm, 1 dB step Linear scale: 22.36 uV~7.07 V, 0.1% step Switching uncertainty: ±1.20 dB (reference level: 0 dBm~-60 dBm)

Video Bandwidth

1 Hz~10 MHz (1-3 times step)

Input voltage standing-wave ratio

(>10 dB input attenuation)

≤ 1.80:1 50 MHz~20 GHz ≤ 2.20:1 20 GHz~44 GHz

Article I Instructions

Chapter II User Guide

The instrument is a valuable item, so it shall be handled with care.

CAUTION

Chapter II User Guide

Section 1 Self-inspection after Unpacking

2.1.1 Model confirmation

The following items are in the package box after unpacking:

a) 4041 series spectrum analyzer 1 set

b) Three-core power line 1 piece

c) Product quick start guide 1 copy

d) USB cable 1 piece

e) Certificate of conformity 1 piece

f) Options Several

g) Packing list 1 copy

Please check the above items carefully according to order contract and packing list. In the case of any problem, please contact our Business Center by the contact means in the foreword, and we will solve it as soon as possible.

2.1.2 Appearance inspection

Carefully check whether the instrument is damaged due to the handling, and if it has obvious damage, do not power it on! Please contact our Business Center by the contact means in the foreword. We will promptly repair or replace it as appropriate.

Section 2 Safety Instructions

The safety of the 4041 series spectrum analyzer complies with the requirements in GJB3947A-2009. There are no user-operated parts inside the instrument. Do not open the instrument housing without authorization, otherwise it may cause personal injury. In order to ensure your safety and proper use of the instrument, please read the following safety precautions carefully before use.

2.2.1 Environmental requirements

To ensure long service life and effective and accurate measurement of the 4041 series instrument, test it under the following environmental conditions:

Temperature range:

Storage temperature range: -40℃～+70℃

Working temperature range: 0℃～+50℃

Low atmospheric pressure:

Low atmospheric pressure (altitude): 0～4,600 m

Chapter II User Guide

The RF input port of the spectrum analyzer has the allowable maximum input level, so it is forbidden to add signals beyond the limit, otherwise the instrument will be damaged.

WARNING

2.2.2 Selection of power line

The 4041 series spectrum analyzer uses three-core power line complying with international safety standards. When the power line is used, insert it into a suitable power outlet with protection ground so that the power line can ground the instrument housing. It is recommended to use the attached power line of the instrument. When replacing the power line, it is recommended to use the same type of 250 V/10 A power line.

2.2.3 Power requirements

AC power In the case of AC power, the attached power line or the same type, with AC power of 100 V~120 V or 200 V~240 V and frequency of 47 Hz~440 Hz, must be used. The allowable range of steady-state voltage is 10% of the rated value, and of steady-state frequency is 5% of the rated value.

2.2.4 Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection

Electrostatic discharge is extremely destructive to electronic components and equipment, so the powered instrument must be operated on a workbench with ESD protection. So please pay attention to ensuring ESD protection when using the instrument. The following ESD protection measures can be taken if conditions are met:

a) Ensure that all instruments are properly grounded to prevent ESD.

b) Operator must wear wrist straps with ESD protection before touching connectors and core wires or

assembling any part.

c) Before connecting the cable to the instrument for testing, be sure to ground the center conductor of the cable

first. The following steps can be used: Connect a short-circuiter at one end of the cable to short the center conductor and outer conductor of the cable. Wearing wrist straps with ESD protection, grasp the cable connector housing, connect the other end of the cable, and then remove the short-circuiter.

2.2.5 Input/output port protection

The standard impedance of RF ports for the 4041 series spectrum analyzer is 50 Ω, so add test signals or connect appropriate load impedance in strict accordance with the port requirements to prevent damaging power amplifying circuit.

2.2.6 Cleaning of instrument front display panel

After using for a period of time, if you want to clean the instrument display panel, follow the steps below:

a) Turn off the instrument and unplug the power line.

b) Clean the display panel gently with a piece of clean and soft cotton cloth dipped with cleaning agent.

c) Then dry the display panel with a piece of clean and soft cotton cloth.

d) Do not connect the power line until the cleaning agent dries out.

Chapter II User Guide

There is a layer of ESD protection coating on the surface of the display, so never use any cleaning agent containing fluoride, acid or alkali. Do not spray the cleaning agent directly onto the display panel, otherwise the cleaning agent may leak into the internal of the instrument, causing damages.

CAUTION

Chapter II User Guide

Section 3 User Checks

2.3.1 Power-on of spectrum analyzer

Connect the 4041 series spectrum analyzer to the external power supply, press and hold the white power key [ ] on the front panel for more than 3 s, then the backlight of the display comes on to show that the startup process takes about 30 s, displaying the normal startup status interface. After warming up for 10 minutes, there should be no alarm indications on the display interface.

2.3.2 Power-off of spectrum analyzer

Press and hold the white power key [ ] in the lower left corner of the front panel on the spectrum analyzer for about 3 s, and then the spectrum analyzer will automatically exit the measurement application and turn off the power.

Chapter III Basic Operations

Logo

display

area

Logo

display

area

Touch

screen

display

area

Touch screen display

area

Power

key and indicator

Power

key and

indicator

Speaker

USB

RF input

port

RF input

port

Key

zone

Key

zone

Bottom support

Handle

Tracking

generator output

port (option)

Tracking

generator output

port (option)

In this manual, the keys on the front panel are indicated in the form of 【XXX】, and XXX is the name of the key; the bottom keys on the touch

screen are indicated in the form of 【XXX】, and XXX is the name of the key; the menu buttons on the right are indicated in the form of [XXX], and XXX is

the menu name.

CAUTION

Chapter III Basic Operations

Section 1 Introduction to Front Panel

The front panel of the 4041 series spectrum analyzer is as shown in Fig 3-1.

Fig 3-1 Front panel

3.1.1 Display area

The 4041 series spectrum analyzer is designed with a 12.1-inch color touch screen for realizing parameter setting and information displaying of the instrument, eliminating the need for complicated hard and soft key menu setting steps, and greatly simplifying the user's operation.

The display area can display the followings when the instrument performs different functions: display multiple instrument windows, and display various settings and measurement data information of the instrument in the windows; display the working status information of the instrument; display the current input data when such parameters as input frequency are needed; display the current working time of the system; display the menu information corresponding to the currently active instrument window; the details are as shown in Fig 3-2:

Chapter III Basic Operations

Left

information

display area

Date & time

Signal standard &

marker

Trace display area

GPS

information

Software

display

area

Bottom function key zone

Bottom information display area

Fig 3-2 Display area The screen display area of the 4041 series spectrum analyzer displays information on various settings and instrument status of the current measurement in the information display area. According to the positions of the information on the screen, it can be divided into 7 zones, that is, top information display area, display area of marker, signal standard and title, left information display area, measurement data display area, software menu display area, bottom information display area, and bottom function key zone.

1) Top information display area

The top information display area is on the top of the screen, displaying the information such as system date, time, GPS status, etc. from left to right.

Setting and modification of system date and time: via 【System】→ [Date Time].

Modification of date format: via 【System】→ [Date Format].

2) Display area of marker, signal standard and title

The set title information is displayed via 【System】→ [Title Off On];

The currently selected signal standard name is displayed via 【Freq】→[Signal Std];

The frequency and amplitude of the currently active marker is displayed via 【Marker】 or 【Peak】.

3) Measurement trace display area

The measurement data is displayed in this zone. And different information can be displayed in different measurement modes.

4) Left information display area

Chapter III Basic Operations

No.

Description

Function key

Ref Level

0.0 dBm

【Ampt】→[Ref Level]

Atten

10 dB

【Ampt】→[Atten Auto Man]

Scale/Div

10.0 dB

【Ampt】→[Scale/Div]

Res BW

3 MHz

【BW】→[Res BW Auto Man]

Video BW

3 MHz

【BW】→[Video BW Auto Man]

Sweep Time

441.000 ms

【Sweep】→ [Sweep time Auto Man]

Average

Off

【BW】→[Average Off On]

Detector

Normal

【BW】→[Detector]

This zone is located in the upper left part of the screen. It displays reference level, attenuator settings, displayed scale, RBW, VBW, sweep time and other information of the current measurement, each of which can be set by the corresponding function keys. The corresponding key operations are listed in the table below:

Table 3-1 Functions of left information display area in Spectrum Analyzer mode of 4041 series spectrum analyzer

5) Bottom information display area

This zone is located at the bottom of the screen and mainly displays two kinds of information:

Local: Display the current working status of the spectrum analyzer, either local or remote control.

The current center frequency and span are displayed at the lowermost position of the screen. When the

spectrum analyzer is set to zero span mode, such bottom information as start time, center frequency and end time will be displayed.

6) Software menu display area

In order to improve the operation flexibility of the 4041 series spectrum analyzer and give full play to the advantages of the touch screen, the 4041 series resident software is designed with 8 blue touch keys on the right. The corresponding functions of these 8 keys are directly displayed on the corresponding key zones.

7) Bottom function key zone

The bottom function key zone is designed with 6 function keys, which can achieve the same functions as the hard keys. Different menu names can be displayed in different measurement modes for ease of the user measurement.

Chapter III Basic Operations

3.1.2 Digital input area

This zone contains arrow keys, knob, numeric keys, backspace key, cancel key and confirmation key. All inputs can be changed by the keys and knob in the input zone. The keys in the input zone are described as follows.

Arrow keys: That is, up/down/left/right keys. The step values of the up and down keys correspond to the

step value of each parameter. The left and right keys are mainly used for dialog editing.

Knob: For increasing or decreasing the value. Turn the knob clockwise to increase the value, and

counterclockwise to decrease the value. The knob can be used together with the up/down keys to change the value. The step value of the knob is the same as those of the up/down keys.

Numeric keys: For inputting numbers (including minus sign). Backspace key: The last input data can be revoked bit by bit according to the data status. Cancel key: For canceling the currently inactive input data. Enter key: For confirming the current parameter settings.

3.1.3 Function key zone

The function key zone is located at the bottom of the screen for changing the parameter settings of the measurement, including 10 keys:

【Freq】: For setting the center frequency, start and stop frequencies, span, frequency step and other

parameters of the measurement;

【Ampt】: For setting the reference level, attenuator settings, displayed scale, unit and preamplifier control,

etc.;

【Marker】: For setting the specific parameters of the measurement marker;

【Sweep】: For setting the sweep time, sweep type, sweep points, trigger, etc.

【Span】: For setting the span and IF output, etc.

【BW】: For setting the RBW, VBW, detection type, average and other parameters of the measurement;

【Peak】: For getting the peak parameters;

【Trace】: For setting the trace display status parameters;

【File】: For saving or reading data files and status files, and for setting the storage locations;

【Mode】: For setting the measurement modes, including Spectrum Analyzer, Interference Analyzer,

AM/FM/PM analyzer, Power meter, channel scanner, and field strength measurement.

3.1.4 Preset key

For turning off the instrument and re-power it on.

3.1.5 Power key

For turning off or on the spectrum analyzer. When the instrument is in "standby" state, pressing and holding the

Chapter III Basic Operations

power key for more than 3 s can turn on the spectrum analyzer. When the instrument is in the working state, pressing and holding the power key for more than 3 s can turn off the spectrum analyzer.

Chapter III Basic Operations

Zero span intermediate

frequency output

Trigger

Reference input/output

Network port

USB programmable

interface

Power outlet and

switch

Fixing hole

Section 2 Introduction to Interfaces

The peripheral interfaces of the 4041 series spectrum analyzer are mainly located on the rear panel as shown in Fig 3-3, and they are divided into power interfaces, test ports and digital interfaces.

Fig 3-3 Diagram of interfaces

3.2.1 Power interface

The power outlet and switch is the power interface of the instrument, and it can be used to supply the spectrum analyzer directly by using external AC power. For the external power interface, the inner conductor is positive, and the outer conductor is grounded.

3.2.2 Test ports

1) RF input port: for the input of the measured signals. The 4041 series test signal input port is 50 Ω. 4041D/E

model uses N-type female port, and 4041F/G model uses 2.4 mm male port.

2) Tracking generator output port (option): for the output of the tracking generator signal. The range of the

output signal power is -5 dBm ~ -35 dBm. 4041 series tracking generator output interface uses N-type female port.

3) 10 MHz input/output port: for connecting 10 MHz signal of the external equipment as a reference signal of

the spectrum analyzer; or for the output of the internal 10 MHz reference signal from the spectrum analyzer for use by the external equipment.

4) IF output port: in the case of zero span, the third or fourth IF signal output can be provided via software

configuration for use by the external equipment.

5) Trigger input port: the 4041 series can be set to external trigger mode. The external trigger source is

6) GPS antenna port: for connecting the GPS antenna so as to locate the current position of the spectrum

connected to the trigger input port of the spectrum analyzer. The output range of the source must be

-5V~+5V. This can be set by the software to use either rising edge trigger or falling edge trigger.

analyzer.

Chapter III Basic Operations

In order to protect the spectrum analyzer, the instrument test ports are provided with some signs. To use the spectrum analyzer, be sure to read these signs to avoid permanent damage to the instrument.

For details of the instrument signs, see section 3.2.4.

The first time you connect the spectrum analyzer to your PC via USB, you need to install a device driver.

WARNING

CAUTION

3.2.3 Digital interfaces

1) B-type USB interface: For connecting to the external PC. The PC uses the programmable commands or

programmable function library to achieve 4041 series program control or data transmission.

2) A-type USB interface: For connecting to the USB peripherals, such as USB storage devices, USB power

probes, etc.

3) LAN (network) port: This is a network port of 10/100 Mbps for connecting to the computer (PC) via network

cable. The PC uses the programmable commands or programmable function library to achieve 4041 series program control or data transmission.

4) VGA interface: For connecting to the extern display device.

3.2.4 Instrument signs

The instrument signs (warning signs) indicate that the maximum input power of the test port is +30 dBm and the maximum input DC level is 16 VDC. So the user must not connect signals beyond this range to the ports. Inputs exceeding the above range may destroy the instrument!

Chapter III Basic Operations

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

All the operations in this chapter are based on the condition that the Spectrum Analyzer mode has been selected and will no longer be described separately hereinafter.

CAUTION

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

This chapter mainly introduces relevant information of the Spectrum Analyzer mode of 4024 series spectrum analyzer, including some typical measurement functions and methods, so that the user that operates this instrument for the first time can have a general knowledge on some typical applications and test operations of the Spectrum Analyzer mode after reading this section and get familiar with the operation of this mode.

Since the 4041 series Spectrum Analyzer mode has many measurement functions, it contains various complex parameters, such as frequency parameter, amplitude parameter, average bandwidth parameter, trace parameter, scan parameter and marker parameter and other the most basic function parameters. In addition, it contains many other special function parameters, including signal tracking, noise marker, peak tracking, counter, List sweep, trigger, limit line, field strength measurement, channel power, occupied bandwidth, adjacent channel power, carrier-to-noise ratio, emission mask, IQ capture, tune&listen, etc.

Signal track If the measured signal is a drift signal, the signal tracking function of spectrum analyzer is enabled and the activated marker is placed on the signal peak the marker peak will always be displayed at the center frequency of spectrum analyzer, which is convenient for measurement.

Noise marker The noise marker displays the noise power that normalizes the noise to 1 Hz bandwidth near the activated marker. With the noise marker enabled and the detector set to sampling detection mode, if the amplitude adopts logarithmic scale, the unit of marker reading will switch to dBm (1 Hz) or dB/Hz automatically, and if the amplitude adopts linear scale, the unit of marker reading will switch to V (1 Hz) or % automatically.

Peak track When the peak tracking function is enabled, the marker will perform peak search once at the end of each scan.

Counter When the frequency counter function is enabled, it will make the marker reading more accurate, which is beneficial to improve the accuracy of frequency measurement. The measurement accuracy can reach Hz level, with an error of ±10 Hz.

List sweep The List sweep function enables the user to edit the scan frequency band, and the spectrum analyzer scans by the set frequency range and other parameters based on the edited list.

Trigger Select the trigger mode of scan or measurement, which includes [Free Run], [Video], [External], [Slope] and [Delay]. The user can select proper mode according to different requirements. A new scan or measurement will be initiated if the trigger mode is set to free trigger after last continuous scan or single scan. Set the trigger mode to

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

video trigger. The scan will be triggered as long as the positive ramp portion of the input trigger signal passes the video trigger level set by the [Slope Rising Falling] command. When the trigger mode is set to external trigger, the scan and measurement will be synchronized with the next voltage cycle.

Limit The limit function is intended to monitor the signals in a certain frequency band. Since the spectrum analyzer is designed with upper and lower limit lines and allows the user to set the limit by himself, it will give an audible alarm signal in case the amplitude of any signal in a certain frequency band goes above the set upper limit line or below the set lower limit line.

Field strength measurement The spectrum analyzer has the field strength measurement function and relevant soft menus, such as [Field Strength Off On], [Recall Antenna], [Edit Antenna] and [Save Antenna], which can be used to perform field strength test quickly with the cooperation of corresponding test antenna.

Carrier-to-noise ratio The carrier-to-noise ratio function is intended to measure the ratio of carrier power to noise power, and contains carrier bandwidth, noise bandwidth, offset frequency, span, carrier power, noise power, carrier-to-noise ratio and other parameters.

Emission mask The emission mask function is intended to recall the limit line as a mask to measure whether the signal power is limited by the mask. The mask parameter is a limit line, and is assigned by recalling the limit line. The mask can move up and down and side to side according to the center frequency and reference power. The mask always moves the center point of limit line side to side to the center frequency, and moves the center point up and down to the reference power according to the calculated reference power. The reference power is divided into peak power and channel power, and which power is to be selected is determined by the type of reference power.

IQ capture The IQ capture function is intended to capture IQ data and store it in the instrument according to capture time, sample rate, capture mode and other parameters set by the user.

Tune & Listen The spectrum analyzer has the audio demodulation function and can be used to monitor the stations. The effects of the demodulated sound can be improved by adjusting the resolution bandwidth and will be the best when the resolution bandwidth is set between 300~30 kHz in demodulation mode.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

If 【Preset】 key on the front panel is pressed, the spectrum analyzer will reset. Unless otherwise specified, all the following examples are started from pressing 【Preset】

key.

CAUTION

Section 1 Introduction to Typical Measurement

The 4041 series Spectrum Analyzer mode is the basic working mode of the product and some typical measurement methods of this working mode, including measurement method of basic signal, the method to improve the accuracy of frequency measurement, measurement method of small signals, the method to distinguish signals of similar frequency and other basic measurement methods, have been introduced in "Quick Start Guide of

4041 Series Spectrum Analyzer”. In addition, this section introduces some advanced typical measurement

functions and methods for 4041 series Spectrum Analyzer mode, mainly including the followings:

a) Channel Power meter.

b) Occupied bandwidth measurement.

c) Adjacent channel Power meter.

c) Third-order intermodulation distortion measurement.

e) Drift signal measurement.

f) Noise signal measurement.

g) Distortion measurement.

h) Pulse radio frequency signal measurement.

4.1.1 Channel Power measurement

In this section, the channel Power measurement of FM signal is taken as an example to demonstrate the method to measure the channel power of signals with the channel Power measurement function of 4041 series spectrum analyzer.

1) Definition of channel power

The channel Power measurement is one of the most common measurements of the radio frequency transmission system, and the channel power refers to the power transmitted by the signals within the certain frequency range over a specific interval. In the power amplifier and filter circuit test, the system is faulty if no specific power can be measured. The channel Power measurement may be used to evaluate the communication transmitter and to determine the quality of radio frequency transmission by comparing it with the specific communication protocol.

The 4041 series spectrum analyzer may be used to measure the channel power of FM signal. Since the FM signal and the CW signal differ in many respects, accurate setting will make the measured FM signal more accurate.

2) Measurement procedure

The procedure for measuring the channel power of FM signal with the 4041 series spectrum analyzer is as follows:

a) Set the signal generator to output FM signal;

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

The channel power bandwidth represents the frequency width in which the spectrum analyzer displays power, while the channel power span is the frequency range in which the spectrum analyzer scans. The set value of channel power span should not be less than the channel power bandwidth; otherwise, the spectrum analyzer will set the channel power span to the channel power bandwidth automatically. The channel power

Synthesized signal generator

Spectrum Analyzer

Adapter

2.4 mm cable

Adapter

CAUTION

b) Set the frequency to 1 GHz, the power to -10 dBm, the frequency modulation frequency offset to 500 kHz,

the modulation rate to 10 kHz, and then connect the output of signal generator to the RF input of spectrum analyzer with the cable, as shown in Fig 4-1, in order to generate a FM signal with the signal generator. Turn on the modulation output switch and the RF switch.

Fig 4-1 Connection diagram of signal generator and spectrum analyzer

c) Preset the spectrum analyzer to default state:

Press 【Preset】.

d) Enable the channel Power measurement function:

Press 【Measure】, [Channel Power] and [Channel Pwr Off On] successively to enable the channel Power function.

e) Set the center frequency:

Press 【Measure】, [Channel Power] and [Center Freq] successively, and then set the center frequency of spectrum analyzer to the frequency of the measured signal (i.e., 1 GHz) with the numeric key.

f) Set the channel power bandwidth:

Press 【Measure】, [Channel Power] and [Channel BW] successively, and then set the channel power bandwidth to 1 MHz with the numeric key.

g) Set the channel power span:

Press 【Measure】, [Channel Power] and [Span] successively, and then set the channel power span to 2 MHz with the numeric key.

h) Set the resolution bandwidth and video bandwidth of the spectrum analyzer:

Press 【BW】 and [Res BW Auto Man] successively, and then set the resolution bandwidth to 30 kHz;

Press 【BW】 and [Video BW Auto Man] successively, and then set the video bandwidth to 30 kHz or less.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

span is proportional to the channel power bandwidth (ratio range: 1~10). This ratio will remain unchanged when the channel power bandwidth is changed. Changing the channel power span may change this ratio. For example, when the channel power bandwidth is doubled, the spectrum analyzer will also double the channel power span.

i) Enable the average function:

Press 【BW】 and [Average Off On] successively, set the average number of times to 16, and then enable the average function.

After the channel Power meter function is enabled, the detector mode will be switched to the RMS mode if the spectrum analyzer is in auto detector mode. The two vertical white lines displayed on the screen indicate the bandwidth of channel power and the results are displayed at the bottom of the screen. The channel Power measurement is as shown in Fig 4-2.

Fig 4-2 Channel Power meter of FM signal

4.1.2 Occupied bandwidth measurement

In this section, the occupied bandwidth measurement of FM signal is taken as an example to demonstrate the method to measure the occupied bandwidth of signals with the occupied bandwidth measurement function of 4041 series spectrum analyzer.

1) Definition of occupied bandwidth

Occupied bandwidth refers to the frequency bandwidth containing a certain percentage of the total transmitted power and is centered on the center frequency of designated channel. The occupied bandwidth measurement function of 4041 series spectrum analyzer can give measurements quickly, clearly and accurately. There are two calculation methods for occupied bandwidth according to the modulation mode.

a) Power percentage method: Calculate the bandwidth of those frequencies containing a certain percentage of the total power of transmission

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

signal to obtain the occupied bandwidth of the signal. The percentage of power mentioned above may be set by the user.

b) dBc down method: This calculation method defines the occupied bandwidth as the distance between the two frequency points when the signal power on both sides of the frequency point where the peak power of the signal is located is reduced by dBc. The power down dBc of the signal is to be set by the user.

2) Measurement procedure

The procedure for measuring the occupied bandwidth with the 4041 series spectrum analyzer is as follows:

a) Set the signal generator so as to output FM signal:

Set the frequency to 1 GHz, the power to -10 dBm, the frequency modulation frequency offset to 500 kHz, the modulation rate to 10 kHz, and then connect the output of signal generator to the RF input of spectrum analyzer with the cable, as shown in Fig 4-1, in order to generate a FM signal with the signal generator. Turn on the modulation output switch and the RF switch.

b) Preset the spectrum analyzer to default state:

Press 【Preset】.

c) Set the center frequency:

Press 【Freq】 and [Center Freq] successively, and then set the center frequency of spectrum analyzer to the frequency of the measured signal (i.e., 1 GHz) with the numeric key.

d) Set the resolution bandwidth:

Press 【BW】 and [Res BW Auto Man] successively, and then set the resolution bandwidth to an appropriate value.

e) Set the video bandwidth:

Press 【BW】 and [Video BW Auto Man] successively, and then set the video bandwidth to an appropriate value.

To improve the accuracy of measurement, it is recommended that the ratio of RBW to VBW be greater than 10. The ratio of RBW to VBW can be changed by pressing [RBW/VBW].

f) Switch the spectrum analyzer to the occupied bandwidth measurement mode:

Press 【Measure】, [OBW] and [OBW Off On] successively.

After the occupied bandwidth measurement function is enabled, the spectrum analyzer switches to the occupied bandwidth measurement, with the results displayed at the bottom of the screen. The schematic diagram of occupied bandwidth measurement is as shown in Fig 4-3. The two vertical white lines on the screen visually indicate the frequency range of occupied bandwidth. When the occupied bandwidth measurement function is enabled, the detection mode will be switched to the RMS detection mode automatically if the spectrum analyzer is in automatic detection mode. The user can change the measurement method, occupied bandwidth span and other parameters through the corresponding menu and thus to obtain more accurate measurements.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

g) Select the measurement method:

Press 【Measure】, [OBW] and [Method % dBc] successively, and then select the measurement method of occupied bandwidth. The measurement method can be set to the power percentage method or the dBc down

method. The underlined mode is the mode selected currently, and the percentage method is set as default.

Fig 4-3 Occupied bandwidth measurement

h) Change the percentage:

If you decide to use the power percentage method, press 【Measure】, [OBW] and [% 99%] successively and then change the percentage with the numeric key, the Up or Down key or the knob. The set value of percentage

ranges from 10% to 99.99% with a minimum step of 0.01%, and 99% is set as default.

i) Change the value of dBc:

If you decide to use the dBc down method, press 【Measure】, [OBW] and [dBc -3.00 dB] successively and then change the value of X dB with the numeric key, the UP or DOWN key or the knob. The set value of X dB ranges

from -0.1 dB to -100 dB with a minimum step of 0.01 dB, and -3 dB is set as default.

j) Change the occupied bandwidth span:

Press 【Measure】, [OBW] and [Span] successively, enter the occupied bandwidth span with the numeric key, and then enter the unit with the soft key. The default is 3 MHz.

k) Disable the occupied bandwidth measurement:

Press 【Measure】, [OBW] and [OBW Off On] successively, and then select Off to exit occupied bandwidth measurement. After that, the analyzer will switch back to the spectrum measurement interface.

4.1.3 Adjacent channel Power meter

In this section, the adjacent channel power ratio measurement of FM signal is taken as an example to demonstrate the method to measure the adjacent channel power ratio with the 4041 series spectrum analyzer.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

1) Definition of adjacent channel power ratio

The adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR), also known as the adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR), refers to the ratio of the transmitted power of a channel to its radiated power at adjacent channels. It is typically represented by the ratio of the power in the specified bandwidth at different frequency offsets of adjacent channels to the total power of the channel. The size of adjacent channel power mainly depends on the extension of modulated sideband and the noise of transmitter.

The measurement method for adjacent channel power ratio can replace the traditional measurement method for dual audio intermodulation distortion and be applied to the nonlinear system test, and the measurements of adjacent channel power ratio can be expressed as power ratio or power density.

2) Measurement procedure

In traditional measurement, for narrow-band signals, dual tone signal intermodulation measurement is commonly used to evaluate the distortion performance of the transmitter. However, the wideband modulation signals not only have very close spectrum components, but also have very high spike signals (referred to as crest factors), these intermodulation products of the signal spectrum components tend to fall around the spectrum. Since the intermodulation measurement of WBFM signal is quite complex and the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) is closely related to the intermodulation products caused by the nonlinear distortion, the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) is a better way to measure the nonlinear distortion of WBFM signals.

The procedure for measuring the adjacent channel power ratio of WBFM signal with the adjacent channel power ratio measurement function of 4041 series spectrum analyzer is as follows:

a) Set the signal generator so as to output WBFM signal:

b) Preset the spectrum analyzer to default state:

Press 【Preset】.

c) Set the reference level of the spectrum analyzer:

Press 【Ampt】, [Ref Level] and -10 [dBm];

Press 【Ampt】 and [Scale/Div] successively, and then set the scale to 10 dB/division.

d) Set the resolution bandwidth and video bandwidth:

Press 【BW】 and [Res BW Auto Man] successively, and then set the resolution bandwidth to 30 kHz;

Press 【BW】 and [Video BW Auto Man] successively, and then set the video bandwidth to 30 kHz or less.

e) Switch to adjacent channel power ratio measurement:

Press 【Measure】, [ACPR] and [ACPR Off On] successively, and then switch to the adjacent channel power ratio

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

measurement interface.

f) Set the center frequency of main channel:

Press [Center Freq], and then set the center frequency of the main channel to 1 GHz with the numeric key.

g) Set the main channel bandwidth:

Press [Main Ch BW], and then set the bandwidth of main channel to 1 MHz with the numeric key.

h) Set the adjacent channel bandwidth:

Press [Adj Ch BW], and then set the adjacent channel bandwidth to 2 MHz with the numeric key.

i) Set the channel offset:

Press [Channel Spacing], and then set the channel offset to 1 MHz with the numeric key.

j) Start the adjacent channel power ratio test:

Press [ACPR Off On], after that the measurements are displayed at the bottom of the screen. Schematic diagram of adjacent channel power ratio measurement is as shown in Fig 4-4.

Fig 4-4 Adjacent channel power ratio measurement

k) Limit setting:

The Limit test function is intended to facilitate the user to observe whether the adjacent channel power exceeds the set range. Press 【Measure】, [ACPR] and [More 1 of 2] successively to enter the setup menu of adjacent channel power ratio Limit test;

Press [Upper Limit], and then enter the upper adjacent channel limit with the numeric key;

Press [Lower Limit], and then enter the lower adjacent channel limit with the numeric key.

l) Enable the limit test function:

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Spectrum Analyzer

1GHz

1.001GHz

50 Ω RF input

Directional coupler

Signal generator 1

Signal generator 2

Press [Limit Test Off On] to enable the limit test function. If the adjacent channel power ratio goes above the set limit, its background on the screen will turn red.

4.1.4 Third-order intermodulation distortion measurement

1) Definition of third-order intermodulation distortion

In the crowded working environment of communication system, mutual interference of devices is an ubiquitous problem. For example, second-order intermodulation distortion and third-order intermodulation distortion commonly occur in narrow-band systems. When there are two signals (F1 and F2) in one system, the two signals will be mixed with the generated second harmonic distortion signals (2F1 and 2F2), generating the third-order intermodulation products (2F2-F1 and 2F1-F2) fairly close to the original signal. High-order intermodulation distortion also occurs. Most of these distortion products are generated by devices such as amplifiers and mixers in the system.

The following section introduces the measurement method of third-order intermodulation distortion. This section illustrates the way to display two signals on the screen of spectrum analyzer simultaneously and introduces the way to set the resolution bandwidth, mixer level and reference level, as well as the use of some marker functions.

2) Measurement procedure

a) Connect the instrument under test (as shown in Fig 4-5) to the spectrum analyzer:

A 6 dB directional coupler and two signal generators set to 1 GHz and 1.001 GHz respectively are used in this example. Certainly, the frequency of signal generator may also be set to other values, but the frequency interval must be kept at 1 MHz approximately in this example.

Fig 4-5 Connection of third-order intermodulation distortion measurement system Set the output frequency of one signal generator to 1 GHz and set the output frequency of the other signal generator to 1.001 GHz, such that the interval of two signal frequencies inputted to the spectrum analyzer is 1 MHz.

Set the output amplitudes of the two signal generators to the same value (-20 dBm in this example).

b) Set the spectrum analyzer to allow the two signals to be displayed on the screen of spectrum analyzer

simultaneously; Press 【Preset】. Press 【Freq】, [Center Freq] and 1.0005 [GHz] successively.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Press 【Span】and 5 [MHz]. As shown in Fig 4-6, the two signals are at the center of the screen. If the applied frequency interval is different

from that in this example, a span three times greater than the frequency interval of signal generator should be used.

c) Decrease the resolution bandwidth until the distortion product can be seen: Press 【BW】 and then 【↓】 step key to decrease the resolution bandwidth. d) Adjust the two signal generators to verify that the amplitudes of input signal are identical:

Press 【Marker】, [Detla], 【Peak】 and [Next Pk]. Adjust the signal generator corresponding to the marker until the difference of the two amplitudes is 0. Decrease the video bandwidth if required.

Fig 4-6 Signal at the center of spectrum analyzer display

e) Set the reference level and place the signal peak at the reference level:

Press 【Peak】 and [Peak Search] successively, and then read the peak power.

Press 【Ampt】 and [Ref Level].

In order to obtain the optimal measurement accuracy, the signal peak of signal generator should be placed at the reference level, as shown in Fig 4-7.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Fig 4-7 Place the signal peak at the reference level

f) Set the second marker and measure the distortion product:

Once the marker is activated, the differential marker function can generate the second marker and display the difference of the two markers. It is convenient to perform relative measurement at this time.

Press 【Peak】 to activate a marker.

Press 【Marker】 and [Detla] to activate the second marker.

Press 【Peak】 and [Next Pk Left] or [Next Pk Right] to set the second marker at the peak point of distortion product near the signal of signal generator. As shown in Fig 4-8, the frequency and amplitude differences of the

two markers are displayed at the marker display area, and the amplitude difference of the markers is the measurement of third-order intermodulation distortion.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

LTOI

3im





3im

dB

Fig 4-8 Relative measurement of internal modulation distortion

g) Calculation method of third-order intercept point TOI:

The ratio of the distortion component level to the signal level (in dB) does not specify the distortion of system significantly, unless the signal level is also specified. The concept of the intercept point may be used to specify and pre-estimate the distortion level of the system, and the difference between the third-order distortion component level and the fundamental wave signal level is twice the difference between the fundamental wave signal level and the third-order intercept point. Thus, the third-order intercept point TOI can be calculated as per the formula shown below:

Where:

: represents the two input signal levels, dBm.

: represents the difference between the third-order intermodulation product and the input signal level, dB. As shown in Fig 4-8, when the differential marker reading is -59.37 dB and the signal level is -20.0 dBm, the input third-order intercept point TOI is:

TOI= -20- (-59.37/2)= 9.685(dBm)

4.1.5 Measurement of drift signal

1) Definition of drift signal

If the signal to be detected is a drift signal, it can be observed only when the center frequency is changed continuously at different time when a spectrum analyzer is applied for measurement. If the signal tracking function of the spectrum analyzer is applied, the marker peak will be always at the center frequency of the spectrum analyzer, which is convenient for measurement.

This section will introduce how to measure the drift signal. The signal tracking, marker function and maximum

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

hold function of the spectrum analyzer will be applied to observe the amplitude trace and occupied bandwidth of the drift signal.

2) Measurement of frequency drift of signal generator

The spectrum analyzer can measure the short-term and long-term stability of the signal generator. The spectrum analyzer with the trace maximum hold function can display the maximum peak amplitude and frequency drift of the input signal. If you want to measure the signal occupied bandwidth, the trace maximum hold function can be applied too.

This instance will use the signal tracking function of the spectrum analyzer to keep the drift signal being displayed at the center position, and use the trace maximum hold function of the spectrum analyzer to capture the drift.

a) Set the signal generator output signal:

Set the signal generator output frequency at 300 MHz and signal amplitude at -20 dBm, connect the signal generator output to the input port of spectrum analyzer, as shown in Fig 4-1, and activate the RF output.

b) Set the center frequency, span and reference level of the spectrum analyzer:

Press 【Preset】.

Press 【Freq】, [Center Freq], 300 [MHz].

Press [Span], [Span] and 10 [MHz].

Press 【Ampt】, [Ref Level], -10 [dBm].

c) Place the marker at the signal peak position, and activate the signal tracking function:

Press 【Peak】, [Peak Track Off On].

Press 【Freq】, [Signal track Off On].

d) Reduce the span:

Press [Span], [Span], 500 [kHz]. You can see the signal is always kept at the center position.

e) Deactivate the signal tracking function:

Press 【Freq】, [Signal track Off On].

f) Use the maximum hold function to measure the signal drift:

Press the 【Trace】, [Maximum hold].

When the signal changes, the maximum hold function will keep the maximum response to the input signal.

g) Activate the trace 2, and set it to the continuous refresh mode:

Press 【Trace】, [Trace 1 2 3], [Refresh Trace].

h) Change the output frequency of signal generator:

Change the output frequency of signal generator gradually within ±50 kHz by steps of 1 kHz. The display of

spectrum analyzer is shown in Fig 4-9.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Fig 4-9 Observing the drift signal by use of maximum hold function

4.1.6 Measurement of noise signal

1) Definition of noise signal

In the communication system, the noise amplitude is often presented by the signal to noise ratio. The greater the noise level added in the system is, the poorer the signal to noise ratio is, and the more difficult it is to demodulate the modulation signal. In the communication system, the signal to noise ratio measurement often means the carrier to noise ratio measurement.

The contents below describe how the marker function of the 4041 series spectrum analyzer is used to measure the signal to noise ratio, and noise. The instance describes the signal to noise ratio measurement of signal (carrier) of a single frequency point. If modulation signals are contained in the detected system, this test process should be modified to alter the level of modulation signal.

2) Measurement of the signal to noise ratio

a) Set the signal generator output signal:

Set the signal generator frequency at 1 GHz and signal power at -10 dBm, connect the signal generator output to the input port of spectrum analyzer, as shown in Fig 4-1, and turn on the RF switch.

b) Set the center frequency, span, reference level and attenuator.

Press 【Preset】.

Press【Freq】, [Center Freq] and 1 [GHz] successively.

Press【Span】, [Span] and 5 [MHz].

Press【Ampt】, [Ref Level], -10 [dBm].

Press【Ampt】, [Atten Auto Man], 40 [dB].

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

c) Place the marker at the signal peak position, and then place the detla marker at the noise position whose

frequency offset is 200 kHz:

Press 【Peak】, [Peak Search].

Press 【Marker】, [Delta], 200 [kHz].

d) Activate the noise marker function to observe the signal to noise ratio:

Press 【Marker】, [Marker Noise Off On]. See Fig 4-10.

The read signal to noise ratio is indicated in dB/Hz, because this noise vale is a noise bandwidth value normalized to 1 Hz. This value decreases by decrements of 10×log (BW). If noise values at different channel bandwidths are required, the measurement results will be corrected according to the current bandwidth. For example, if the data read by the spectrum analyzer is -85dB/Hz, and the current channel bandwidth is 30 kHz, the signal to noise ratio should be:

S/N=85dB/Hz - 10×log (30 kHz)=40.2 dB/(30 kHz)

At this time, if the differential marker is less than 1/4 of the distance from the signal peak to the edge of response, the noise measurement will have potential errors.

Fig 4-10 Measurement of signal to noise ratio

3) Noise measurement by using the noise marker function

This instance will use the noise marker function to measure the noise of 1 Hz bandwidth by a 1 GHz external signal.

a) Set the signal generator output signal:

Set the signal generator frequency at 1 GHz and signal power at -10 dBm, connect the signal generator output to the input port of spectrum analyzer, and turn on the RF switch.

b) Set the center frequency, span, reference level and attenuator.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Press 【Preset】.

Press 【Freq】, [Center Freq], 999.98 [MHz].

Press 【Span】, [Span], 100 [kHz].

Press 【Ampt】, [Ref level], -10 [dBm].

Press 【Ampt】, [Atten Auto Man], 40 [dB].

c) Activate the noise marker.

Press 【Marker】, [Marker Noise Off On].

It should be noted that the current detection mode will be automatically set as the sampling detection. If it is expected to obtain noise power values under different bandwidths, the value should be corrected by increments of 10×log (BW) according to the current bandwidth. For example, if it is expected to obtain the noise power value within 1 kHz bandwidth, an increment of 10×log (1,000) or 30 dB should be added to the read data.

d) Reduce the measurement error by increasing the measurement time.

Press 【Sweep】, [Sweep Time Auto Man], 3 [s].

When the average detection is adopted, increasing the sweep time can average the trace data in longer intervals, so as to reduce the measurement error.

e) Move the marker to 1 GHz.

Press 【Marker】, and rotate the knob on the front panel to set the noise marker reading to 1 GHz.

The noise marker value is obtained based on 5% of the whole scan trace point number. These points center around the marker position. The noise marker position will not be located at the peak point of signal. Since the signal peak position does not have enough trace points for calculation, the noise signal will average the trace points below the signal peaks in case of narrow resolution bandwidth, as shown in Fig 4-11.

Fig 4-11 Noise measurement by using the noise marker function

f) Set the spectrum analyzer to zero span by centering on the marker position.

Press 【Peak】, [Marker Center Frequency].

Press [Span], [Span], [Zero Span].

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Press 【Marker】.

At this time, the amplitude readings of noise marker are correct, because the average values of all points are based on the same frequency, and will not be affected by the resolution bandwidth filter shape. The noise marker is obtained based on the average calculation of interested frequency points. When it is required to measure the power of discrete frequency points, the spectrum analyzer should be tuned to the interested frequency points first, and then be measured at the zero span.

4.1.7 Distortion measurement

In the crowded working environment of communication system, mutual interference of devices is an ubiquitous problem. For example, second-order intermodulation distortion and third-order intermodulation distortion commonly occur in narrow-band systems. When a system has two signals (F1 and F2), they mix with the generated second harmonic distortion signals (2F1 and 2F2) to generate the third-order intermodulation products, 2F2-F1 and 2F1-F2, which are close to the original signals. High-order intermodulation distortion also occurs. Most of these distortion products are generated by devices such as amplifiers and mixers in the system. Most transmitting sets and signal generators have harmonic waves, whose components should be measured usually.

1) Recognition of distortion generated by the spectrum analyzer

When a large signal is input in the spectrum analyzer, the spectrum analyzer will distort, affecting the distortion measurement results of the true signal. Through the attenuator settings, you can determine which signal is the distorted signal generated inside the spectrum analyzer. This instance will use the input signal generated by the signal generator to explain if the spectrum analyzer generates the harmonic distortion.

a) Set the signal generator output signal:

Set the signal generator frequency at 200 MHz and signal power at 0 dBm, connect the signal generator output to the input port of spectrum analyzer, as shown in Fig 4-1, and turn on the RF switch.

b) Set the center frequency and span of the spectrum analyzer:

Press 【Preset】.

Press 【Freq】, [Center Freq], 400 [MHz].

Press [Span], [Span] and 500 [MHz].

As known from traces on the spectrum analyzer, the harmonic distortion generated by the signal has a 200 MHz frequency offset from the original 200 MHz signal, as shown in Fig 4-11.

c) Set the center frequency of the spectrum analyzer to the position of the first harmonic distortion.

Press 【Peak】, [Next Pk].

Press 【Peak】, [Marker→Center Frequency].

d) Set the span to 50 MHz, and reset the center frequency.

Press [Span], [Span] and 50 [MHz].

Press [Marker→], [Marker→ Center Frequency].

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

e) Set the attenuator to 0 dB.

Press 【Ampt】, [Atten Auto Man], 0 [dB].

Press 【Peak】, [Peak Track Off On].

Press 【Marker】, [Detla].

Fig 4-12 Observation of harmonic distortion

f) Increase the attenuator setting to 10 dB;

Press 【Ampt】, [Atten Auto Man], 10 [dB].

Note to observe the reading of differential marker, as shown in Fig 4-13. This reading is the distortion difference generated by the attenuator set at 0 dB and 10 dB. When the attenuator setting is changed, if the difference frequency marker reading is 1 dB or greater, it means the spectrum analyzer has a certain degree of distortion. When the differential marker reading is not obvious, the attenuation can be increased.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Fig 4-13 Attenuator set at 10 dB The amplitude reading of differential marker has two sources: first, increasing the RF attenuation will cause the signal to noise ratio decreased, making this reading inclined to be positive; second, reduction of harmonic distortion generated by the spectrum analyzer circuit will cause this reading inclined to be negative. The greater the reading is, the greater the measurement error is. The absolute amplitude of marker reading of this differential marker reading can be decreased by changing the attenuator setting.

2) Quick measurement method of harmonic wave

This instance measures the harmonic wave components of signal with frequency of 1 GHz and power of -10 dBm generated by the signal generator.

a) Set the signal generator output signal:

Set the signal generator frequency at 1 GHz and signal power at -10 dBm, connect the signal generator output to the input port of spectrum analyzer, as shown in Fig 4-1, and turn on the RF switch.

b) Set the starting frequency and ending frequency of the spectrum analyzer.

Press 【Preset】 key.

Press 【Freq】, [Start Freq], 800 [MHz], [Stop Freq] and 2.5 [GHz].

As shown in Fig 4-14, the fundamental wave and second harmonic wave are displayed on the screen.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Fig 4-14 Input signal and harmonic wave

c) Set the video bandwidth to smooth the noise in order to increase the resolution.

Press 【BW】, [Video BW Auto Man] to activate the manual function.

Reduce the video bandwidth by the key 【↓】 to decrease the video bandwidth.

d) In order to improve the measurement precision, set the fundamental wave peak level to the reference level.

Press 【Peak】, [Peak Search], and read the power of peak.

Press 【Ampt】, [Ref Level], and set it to the power of peak, as shown in Fig 4-15.

Fig 4-15 Setting the signal peak to the reference level to obtain maximum precision

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

0.1 1.0 10.0 100

－60

－50

－40

－30

－20

－10

Distortion amplitude (unit: dBc)

Harmonic distortion

e) Activate the second marker.

Press 【Marker】, [Detla], 【Peak】, [Next Pk].

At this time, the fixed marker marks the fundamental wave, and the movable marker is at the peak point of the second harmonic wave, as shown in Fig 4-16.

Fig 4-16 Measurement of second harmonic wave by using the marker difference

f) Measure the harmonic distortion (method 1).

The Fig shows that the amplitude difference between the fundamental wave and second harmonic wave is about

-60 dB, or, 0.1% of harmonic distortion (refer to Fig 4-17).

Fig 4-17 Percentage conversion of harmonic distortion amplitude Measure the third harmonic wave, and then press [Next Pk Right] to read the amplitude ratio of other harmonic wave and fundamental wave which you want to measure.

g) Measure the harmonic distortion (method 2).

Press 【Ampt】, [Amplitude Unit], [Volt].

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

At this time, the differential marker unit changes to Volt automatically. A simple method to determine the distortion percentage is to change the unit to volt. Move the decimal point of displayed ratio of differential marker rightward by two digits to obtain the distortion percentage. The minimum percentage that can be displayed is 0.01 or 1%.

3) Precision measurement method of harmonic wave

This method involves more steps. However, each signal is measured under minor span and resolution bandwidth. Therefore, the signal to noise ratio is increased, and the measurement results are more accurate. The description below instructs how to measure the harmonic wave of 1 GHz signal.

a) Set the signal generator output signal:

Set the signal generator frequency at 1 GHz and signal power at -10 dBm, connect the signal generator output to the input port of spectrum analyzer, as shown in Fig 4-1, and turn on the RF switch.

b) Set the starting frequency and ending frequency of the spectrum analyzer:

Press 【Preset】 key.

Press 【Freq】, [Start Freq], 800 [MHz], [Stop Freq] and 2.5 [GHz].

c) Set the video bandwidth to smooth the noise in order to increase the resolution:

Press 【BW】, [Video BW Auto Man] to activate the manual function.

Reduce the video bandwidth by the key 【↓】 to decrease the video bandwidth.

d) Reduce the span by using the signal tracking function:

Press 【Peak】 to activate the marker to search the signal peak.

Press 【Freq】, [Signal track Off On].

Press 【Span】, 100 [kHz].

e) Deactivate the signal tracking.

Press 【Freq】, [Signal track Off On].

f) Shift the signal peak to top cell of the gridline to obtain the optimal amplitude measurement precision.

Press 【Peak】, [Peak Search], and read the power of peak.

Press 【Ampt】, [Ref Level], and set it to the power of peak, as shown in Fig 4-18.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Fig 4-18 Input signal displayed at 100kHz span

g) Set the center frequency step to the fundamental wave signal frequency.

Press 【Freq】, [CF Step Auto Man], 1 [GHz].

h) Measure the second harmonic wave.

Press 【Marker】, [Marker ], [Marker→Center] and the step key 【↑】. Conduct the step operation to shift the

center frequency of spectrum analyzer to the second harmonic wave. Press 【Peak】, [Peak Search], and read the power of peak.

Press 【Ampt】, [Ref Level], and set it to the power of peak, Adjust the harmonic wave peak to the reference level. The second harmonic wave amplitude is shown in Fig 4-19.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

     

100

distortion harmonic Total

AAA





Fig 4-19 Second harmonic wave amplitude

I) Calculate the harmonic distortion.

Convert the distortion percentage between the second harmonic wave and fundamental wave as per Fig 4-17. The unit can be converted to Volt for the convenience of reading the voltage ratio of two signals.

j) Measure other harmonic waves.

Repeat the steps (i) to (j) for other harmonic waves which you want to measure. Calculate the distortion percentage, %, of each harmonic wave.

The total harmonic distortion percentage of the signal is also a parameter to be tested in general condition. In order to test this parameter, the amplitude of each harmonic wave must be tested in the linear unit (e.g., Volt), but

not the relative unit, dBc. Press 【Ampt】, [Amplitude Unit], [Volt]. This amplitude unit will be Volt. The signal amplitude obtained from the measurement can be employed in the equation below for calculation of the total

harmonic distortion:

Where,

—— Amplitude of fundamental wave, in Volt

—— Amplitude of second harmonic wave, in Volt

—— Amplitude of third harmonic wave, in Volt

—— Amplitude of n harmonic wave, in Volt

If the signal amplitude can be measured carefully according to the foregoing examples, the harmonic distortion percentage obtained from this process will be very accurate.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

4.1.8 Measurement of pulse RF signal

1) Definition of pulse RF signal

The pulse RF signal is a RF pulse string of the same repeated frequency, constant pulse width, constant shape and amplitude. This section introduces several measurement methods of the pulse RF signal parameter. These methods explain how to measure the center frequency, pulse width and pulse repetition frequency. In addition, topics such as measurement of peak pulse power are to be discussed.

The resolution bandwidth has significant effects on the measurement of pulse RF signal. It is essential to understand the relation between the resolution bandwidth and pulse repetition frequency. When the resolution bandwidth is narrower than the pulse repetition frequency, the screen only shows specific frequency components forming the pulse RF signal. It is called the narrow band mode. When the resolution bandwidth is wider than the pulse repetition frequency, it is called the wide band mode. At this time, the display shows the spectral envelope depicted by the pulse bursts halved by the pulse repetition frequency.

2) Measurement of center frequency, sidelobe ratio and pulse width of pulse RF signal

a) Set the signal generator output signal:

Set the signal generator frequency at 1 GHz and signal power at -20 dBm, and connect the signal generator output to the input port of spectrum analyzer, as shown in Fig 4-1. Set the pulse modulation to the repetition frequency of 1 kHz, pulse width of 1 us. Switch on the pulse modulation and the RF output.

b) Set the spectrum analyzer:

The pulse RF signal is usually measured at the wide band mode. In order to ensure the video filter does not affect the measurement results, the video bandwidth is set to 3 MHz.

Press 【Preset】 key.

Press 【Freq】, [Center Freq] and 1 [GHz] successively.

Press 【Span】, 10 [MHz], 【Sweep】, [Sweep Time Auto Man], 500 [ms].

Press 【BW】, [Res BW Auto Man], 100 [kHz], [Video BW Auto Man], 100 [kHz].

Press 【BW】, [Detector], [Peak] to activate the positive peak detection.

Select the center frequency function, and adjust the span to display the center sidelobe and at least a pair of sidelobes on the screen, as shown in Fig 4-20.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Fig 4-20 Main lobe and side lobe Add the sweep time (to slow down the scanning) until the Fig is filled completely and becomes a solid line, as shown in Fig 4-21. If the spectral line can not fill, the analyzer is not at the wide band mode. In this case, the steps to measure the sidelobe ratio, pulse width and peak pulse power are all not applicable, and the resolution bandwidth should be set to more than 1 kHz.

Fig 4-21 Trace display by solid lines

c) Read the center frequency and main lobe amplitude of the pulse:

Press 【Peak】.

At this time, the marker reading is the center frequency and main lobe amplitude of the pulse.

d) When the marker is at the center frequency of the main lobe, measure the sidelobe ratio:

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Press 【Peak】, 【Marker】, [Detla], 【Peak】, [Next Pk].

The amplitude difference between the main lobe and sidelobe is the sidelobe ratio, as shown in Fig 4-22.

Fig 4-22 Sidelobe ratio displayed beside the marker

e) Measure the pulse width, which equals the reciprocal of frequency difference between the two sidelobe

envelope peaks:

Press 【Marker】, [Detla], 【Peak】, [Next Pk Right], [Next Pk Right].

At this time, the reciprocal of frequency difference of the read differential marker is the pulse width, as shown in Fig 4-23. In order to obtain the most accurate pulse width, adjust the marker position manually to measure the distance between zero crossing points of two adjacent sidelobes. If the resolution bandwidth is reduced to make the zero crossing point more sharp, the measurement precision will be higher.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Fig 4-23 Pulse width displayed by marker

3) Measurement of pulse repetition frequency (PRF)

The pulse repetition frequency (PRI) is the time interval between any two adjacent pulse responses.

a) Set the signal generator output signal:

Set the signal generator frequency at 1 GHz and signal power at -20 dBm, and connect the signal generator output to the input port of spectrum analyzer. Set the pulse modulation to the repetition frequency of 1 kHz, pulse width of 1 us, and activate the pulse modulation and RF output.

b) Set the spectrum analyzer:

Press 【Preset】 key.

Press 【Freq】, 1 [GHz].

Press 【Span】, 10 [MHz], 【Sweep】, [Sweep Time Auto Man], 1.705 [s].

Press 【BW】, [Res BW Auto Man], 1 [kHz].

Press 【BW】, [Video BW Auto Man], 3 [MHz].

Press 【BW】, [Detector], [Peak] to activate the positive peak detection.

Adjust the span to display the main lobe and at least a pair of sidelobes on the screen.

Readjust the output amplitude of the signal generator to display it on the screen, and reduce the sweep time (i.e., quicken the scan speed) until the display is similar as that shown in Fig 4-24.

c) Measure the pulse repetition interval.

Press 【Sweep】, [Sweep Type Cont Single].

Press 【Peak】, 【Marker】, [Detla], 【Peak】, [Next Pk]. The difference of the two displayed markers equals the

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

pulse repetition interval (PRI), and its reciprocal is the pulse repetition frequency (PRF).

Fig 4-24 Measurement of pulse repetition frequency

4) Measurement of peak pulse power

As so far, we have known the main lobe amplitude and pulse width, and it is easy to know the resolution bandwidth of the spectrum analyzer. We can obtain the peak pulse power according to these parameters.

When the spectrum analyzer is under the wide band measurement mode:

Peak pulse power = (main lobe amplitude) - (20 log T

×BWi)

eff

Where:

——Pulse width, unit: s

eff

——Impact bandwidth, unit: Hz (1.5resolution bandwidth used to measure the pulse width)

When the spectrum analyzer is under the narrow band measurement mode:

Peak pulse power = (main lobe amplitude) - (20 log T

eff

×T)

Where:

——Pulse width, unit: s

eff

T ——Pulse repetition frequency

It is called the pulse desensitization when the peak pulse power does not equal the main lobe amplitude. The pulse signal does not reduce the sensitiveness of spectrum analyzer. To be exact, the desensitization is due to that the power of continuous wave (CW) carrier of pulse modulation is distributed to numerous spectrum components (i.e., carrier and sideband). Therefore, each spectrum component only contains a part of the total power.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

While measuring the main lobe amplitude, change the spectrum analyzer attenuator, and verify that the main lobe amplitude will not vary accordingly. If the variation exceeds 1 dB, the spectrum analyzer is at the gain compression state, and the attenuation of attenuator must be increased.

CAUTION

4.1.9 Signal generator measurement (option)

The signal generation measurement mode fails into the independent source output mode and tracking source output mode. The former is a dot frequency source mode, which can realize the output of signals with a single frequency point and fixed frequency. The later is required to match the Spectrum Analyzer function, and in the tracking source mode, the signal generator and frequency under the Spectrum Analyzer are swept synchronously.

1) Measurement of independent source

In the independent source measurement mode, the output of signal with fixed frequency can be realized by the following steps:

a) Press【Measure】→[Generator]→[Generator Off On]. In the default state, select the dot frequency source

output when the tracking generator is switched on;

b) Press【Measure】→[Generator]→[Power 0 dBm] to set the power of output signal.

c) Press【Measure】→[Generator]→[CW Freq 1 GHz] to set the power of output signal.

Fig 4-25 Test screen of tracking generator dot frequency source

2) Measurement of tracking generator

In the tracking mode, the amplitude-frequency characteristic of tested object can be measured through the synchronous frequency sweep process of the signal generator and Spectrum Analyzer. For details, refer to the following setting steps:

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

a) Press 【Freq】→[Start Freq], and set the start frequency to 100 MHz;

b) Press 【Freq】→[Stop Freq], and set the start frequency to 4 GHz;

c) Press 【Measure】→[Generator]→[Generator Off On] to turn on the generator switch;

d) Press 【Measure】→[Generator]→[Power -20 dBm] to set the power of output signal.

e) Press 【Measure】→[Generator]→[Mode CW Track] to switch the signal generator mode to the tracking mode.

The test result is shown in Fig 4-26 below:

Fig 4-26 Test screen of tracking generator

3） Normalization measurement of tracking generator

Normalization measurement reduces the cable loss during the measurement process. It can reflect the amplitude-frequency characteristic of tested object in a more accurate way. For example of testing the amplitude-frequency characteristic of 2.3 GHz~2.4 GHz band-pass filter, refer to the following steps:

a) Press 【Freq】→[Start Freq], and set the start frequency to 2.1 GHz;

b) Press 【Freq】→[Stop Freq], and set the start frequency to 2.5 GHz;

c) Press 【Measure】→[Generator]→[Generator Off On] to turn on the generator switch;

d) Press 【Measure】→[Generator]→[Mode CW Track] to switch the signal generator mode to the tracking mode;

e) Press 【Measure】→[Generator] →[Trans Meas] →[Normalize Off On] at the cable connection signal generator

RF output end and spectrum RF input end to turn on the normalization switch;

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

f) Wait until the sweep finishes. The filter of tested object will be added for direct observation of

amplitude-frequency characteristic of tested object.

The screen of amplitude-frequency characteristic of 2.3 GHz~2.4 GHz band-pass filter is shown in Fig 4-27 below:

Fig 4-27 Amplitude-frequency characteristic of 2.3 GHz~2.4 GHz filter

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

中心频率

频率

起始频率

终止频率

步进频率

自动手动

Signal Track

Off On

信号标准

信道号

Head

Sginal Std

Tail

Page Up

Page Down

Done

Cancel

Span

Full Span

Zero Span

Last Span

Zero Span

IF Out

Ref Level

0.0dBm

Amplitude

Ref Position

Atten

Auto Man

Scale/Div

10.0dB

Scale Type

Log Lin

Units

dBm

Pre Amp

Off On

dBm

Units

dBmV

dBuV

Volt

Watt

< Back

Res BW

Auto Man

Video BW

Auto Man

Average

Off On

SPAN/RBW

100

RBW/VBW

Detector

Auto

Detector

Normal

Peak

Neg Peak

Sample

< Back

Average

RMS

Marker

1 2 3 4 5 6

Marker

Normal

Detla

Marker Noise

Off On

Counter Mkr

Off On

Marker-> >

Marker->

Center

Marker->

CF Step

Marker->

Start

Marker->

Stop

< Back

Off

All Off

Center Freq

Frequency

Start Freq

Stop Freq

CF Step

Auto Man

Signal Std

Channel

中心频率

频率

扫宽

起始频率

终止频率

步进频率

自动手动

信号跟踪

关开

信号标准

信道号

Peak Search

Peak

Next Peak

Next Pk Left

Next Pk Right

Max Search

Min Search

Peak Track

Off On

Marker->

Center

IF Out

Off On

IF Out

IF Select

3IF 4IF

< Back

Signal Search

Video Type

Lin Log

1 of 2

Units

dBW

dBV

dBA

dBmA

dBuA

2 of 2

< Back

Section 2 Spectrum Analyzer Menu Structure

Fig 4-27 Block Diagram of Spectrum Analyzer Whole Menu

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

中心频率

频率

扫宽

起始频率

终止频率

步进频率

自动手动

Spectrum

Analyzer

Mode

Interference

Analyzer

AM/FM/PM

Analyzer

Power Meter

Channel

Scanner

Sweep Time

Auto Man

Sweep

Cont Single

Sweep Once

Triggering

[Free Run]

Sweep Mode

Lin List

Edit List >

Free Run

Triggering

Video

External(TTL)

1.50V

Slope

Rising Falling

Delay

1.000us

< Back

Save List

Recall

List

Add Seg

Edit List

Delete Seg

Delete All

Done

Cancel

Head

Tail

Page Up

Page Down

Done

Delete All

Delete

Cancel

中心频率

频率

扫宽

起始频率

终止频率

步进频率

自动手动

信号跟踪关开

Limit

Upper Lower

Limit

Display

Off On

Test

Off On

Edit Limit

Margin

0.0 dB

Frequency

Edit Limit

Amplitude

Add Points

Delete Points

Left Point

< Back

Default Limit

Right Point

Trace

1 2 3

Trace

Clear Write

Max Hold

Min Hold

View

Blank

终止频率

步进频率

自动手动

信号跟踪

关开

Alarm

Off On

Save Limit

Recall Limit>

Field

Strength

Points [1001]

More 1 of 2

201

Points

501

1001

2001

4001

< Back

Sweep

2 of 2

Fig 4-28 Block Diagram of Spectrum Analyzer Whole Menu (Continued)

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Field

Strength

Measure

Channel

Power

OBW

ACPR

Emission

Mask

OBW

Off On

OBW

Method

% dBc

99.00%

dBc

-3.00dB

Span

< Back

终止频率

步进频率

自动手动

信号跟踪关开

C/N

All Meas

Off

More 1 of 2

Channel Pwr

Off On

Channel Pwr

Center Freq

Channel BW

Span

< Back

Field Strength

Off On

Field Strength

Recall

Atenna

Edit

Antenna

< Back

Save

Antenna

Add Point

Edit Antenna

Delete Point

Delete All

Cancel

Done

Tune

Listen

IQ Capture

Measure

All Meas

Off

More 2 of 2

C/N

Off On

Center Freq

C/N

< Back

Carrier BW

3.000MHz

Noise BW

3.000MHz

Offset

3.000MHz

Emission Mask

Off On

Emission Mask

Channel BW

1.000MHz

Recall Limit

as Mask

Ref Power

Peak Ch

Peak Markers

Off On

终止频率

步进频率

自动手动

信号跟踪关开

Page Up

Page Down

< Back

ACPR

Off On

Center Freq

ACPR

Ch Spacing

3.000MHz

Main Ch BW

3.000MHz

Adj Ch BW

3.000MHz

Limit Test

Off On

Upper Limit

0.0 dB

ACPR

< Back

Lower Limit

0.0 dB

More 2 of 2

< Back

More 1 of 2

IQ Capture

Off On

Start Capture

IQ Capture

Capture Time

1.000us

Capture Mode

Single Cont

Sample Rate

5.000MHz

Tune&Listen

Off On

Tune&Listen

Demod Type

Listen Time

100.000ms

Listen Mode

Int Cont

Volume

信号跟踪关开

< Back

Triggering

[Free Run]

Save Name

[IQCapt...]

< Back

Free Run

Triggering

External(TTL)

1.50V

Slope

Rising Falling

Delay

1.000us

< Back

Demod Type

USB

LSB

信号跟踪关开

< BACK

Generator

Off On

Mode

CW Track

Power

0dBm

CW Freq

1.000GHz

Trans Meas

Power Offset

0.0dB

Freq Offset

0.000Hz

< Back

Normalize

Off On

Relative Ref

0.0dB

Ref Position

Scale/Div

10.0dB

Store

Mem Trace

Off On

< Back

Trans Meas

Fig 4-29 Block Diagram of Spectrum Analyzer Whole Menu (Continued)

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Save State

File

Recall

State

Save Data

Recall

Data

Save Pic

Default State

File

Manager

Location

[Internal]

Src File

File Manager

Dst File

Copy

Delete

Src File

信号跟踪关开

< Back

Internal

Location

USB

AliLO Nulling

System

Date

Time

Display

GPS

LAN

Freq Ref

Int Ext

1 of 2

GPS

Off On

GPS

GPS Info

Reset

信号跟踪关开

< Back

Default

Display

Black&White

Night Vision

< Back

lan

Mask

Gateway

信号跟踪

关开

< Back

Year

Date & Time

Month

Day

信号跟踪

关开

< Back

Hour

Minute

Ref Out

Off On

Time Sync

Off On

Second

Fig 4-30 Block Diagram of Spectrum Analyzer Whole Menu (Continued)

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Language

System

Info

Error Log

Title

Off On

Admin

2 of 2

简体中文

Language

English

信号跟踪关开

< Back

Head

Error Log

Tail

Delete All

Page Up

Page Down

< Back

Date

Format

Y/M/D

Date Format

M/D/Y

D/M/Y

< Back

Fig 4-31 Block Diagram of Spectrum Analyzer Whole Menu (Continued)

Section 3 Description of Spectrum Analyzer Menu

中心频率

频率

起始频率

终止频率

步进频率

自动手动

Signal Track

Off On

信号标准

信道号

Center Freq

Frequency

Start Freq

Stop Freq

CF Step

Auto Man

Signal Std

Channel

Signal Search

·[Center Freq]: Press 【Freq】→[Center Freq], use the numeric keys on the front panel, and then select [GHz], [MHz], [kHz] and [Hz] in the frequency unit menu or 【↑】, 【↓】

and the knob to set the center frequency.

·[Start Freq]: Press 【Freq】→[Start Freq], use the numeric keys on the front panel, and then select [GHz], [MHz], [kHz] and [Hz] in the frequency unit menu or 【↑】, 【↓】

and the knob to set the start frequency.

·[Stop Freq]: Press 【Freq】→[Stop Freq], use the numeric keys on the front panel, and then select [GHz], [MHz], [kHz] and [Hz] in the frequency unit menu or 【↑】, 【↓】

and the knob to set the stop frequency.

·[ CF Step]: Press 【Freq】→[CF Step], use the numeric keys on the front panel, and then select [GHz], [MHz], [kHz] and [Hz] in the frequency unit menu or 【↑】, 【↓】

and the knob to set the step frequency.

·[Signal Std]: Press this menu to pop up the signal standard menu including [Header], [Footer], [Page Up], [Page Down], [Recall] and other soft menus, and then select the required signal standard file by clicking [Recall].

·[Channel No.]: Press this menu to display the content and number of the selected signal standard.

·[Special Attention]: The channel number shall be set on the premise of loading

the signal standard; otherwise, a prompt of “It cannot be set” will pop up.

·[Signal track Off On]: Press this menu to select whether to perform the signal tracking or not. The signal tracking function will place the activated marker on the peak point of signal after each scan, and set this peak frequency as the center frequency. The enabling of [Signal track On Off] will automatically keep the slowly drifted signal at the central location of display screen.

·[Signal Search]: Press this menu to search for the signal in the current span range and place the activated marker on the peak point of signal. If there is no signal in the current range, a prompt of search failure will be given.

·[Special Attention]: The channel number shall be set on the premise of loading the signal standard; otherwise, a prompt of “It cannot be set” will pop up.

4.3.1 Frequency menu

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

4.3.2 Span menu

Span

Full Span

Zero Span

Last Span

Zero Span

IF Out

·[Span]: Press 【Span】→[Span], use the numeric keys on the front panel, and then select [GHz], [MHz], [kHz] and [Hz] in the frequency unit menu or 【↑】, 【↓】 and

the knob to set the span in the current state. The stepping of span shall be done as per 1, 2 and 5.

·[Full Span]: Press 【Span】→[Span]→[Full Span], and set the span in the current measuring state as the Max. span. The full span is related to the model of selected spectrum analyzer, and the span of 4041G series spectrum analyzer is set as 44.1 GHz under the full span.

·[Zero Span]: Press 【Span】→[Span]→[Zero Span], and set the span in the current measuring state as the Min. span. The span is set as 0 Hz under the zero span.

·[Last Span]: Press 【Span】→[Span]→[Last Span], and set the span in the current measuring state as the last set span.

·[IF Output]: Press 【Span】→[Span]→[IF Output], and activate the intermediate frequency output submenu.

·[Special Attention]: The full span and zero span functions are invalid when certain measurement functions are enabled.

·[Special Attention]: As a function option, the intermediate frequency output menu can only be used in the zero span mode.

IF Out

Off On

IF Out

IF Select

3IF 4IF

< Back

·[Special Attention]: As a function option, the intermediate frequency output menu can only be used in the zero span mode.

·[ IF Output Off On]: Press 【Span】→[IF Output]→[IF Output Off On], and enable or

disable the intermediate frequency output function with the buttons.

·[ IF Selection 3IF 4IF]: Press 【Span】→[IF Output]→[IF Selection 3IF 4IF], and select the 3IF output or 4IF output with the buttons.

·[Back]: Press 【Span】→[IF Output]→[Back] to return to the span menu directory.

·[Special Attention]: The intermediate frequency output function is a function option of the zero span intermediate frequency output. If 3IF or 4IFis selected, the intermediate frequency output interface will output the third intermediate frequency (140.25MHz) or the fourth intermediate frequency (31.25MHz) respectively.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

4.3.3 IF output menu

As a function option, the zero span intermediate frequency output function allows the output of third or fourth intermediate frequency signal in the zero span mode via the intermediate frequency output interface, so as to meet the measurement requirements of users.

4.3.4 Amplitude menu

Ref Level

0.0dBm

Amplitude

Ref Position

Atten

Auto Man

Scale/Div

10.0dB

Scale Type

Log Lin

Units

dBm

Pre Amp

Off On

·[Ref Level]: Press 【Ampt】→[Ref Level], use the numeric keys on the front panel,

and then select [dBm], [-dBm], [mV] and [μV] in the frequency unit menu or 【↑】, 【↓】 and the knob to set the reference level.

·[Ref Position]: Press 【Ampt】→[Ref Position], and select the position of reference line in the rectangular graph by clicking the corresponding numeric keys.

·[Atten Auto Man]: Press 【Ampt】→[Atten Auto Man] to adjust the input attenuation of spectrum analyzer. The input attenuator is associated with the reference level in the automatic mode. The numeric keys, step key or knob can be used to adjust the attenuation of attenuator in the manual mode. The range of attenuation is 0 dB - 50 dB.

·[Scale/Div]: Press 【Ampt】→[Scale/Div] to adjust the size of screen ordinate gridline; use the numeric keys on the front panel, and then select the frequency unit or 【↑】, 【↓】

and the knob for setting. The value between 0.1 dB/division and 20 dB/division can be selected. The default value is 10 dB/division.

·[Scale Type Log Lin]: Press 【Ampt】→[Scale Type Log Lin] to select the type of ordinate axis scale, namely logarithmic or linear scale. The default units of logarithmic and linear scales are dBm and mV respectively.

·[Units]: Press 【Ampt】→[Units] to select the unit of ordinate axis, including [dBm], [dBmV], [dBuV], [Volt], [Watt], [A], [dBW], [dBV], [dBA], [dBmA] and [dBuA].

·[Pre Amp Off On]: This function is used to control the on-off state of preamplifier and can be activated only when the reference level is less than -40 dBm.

·[Special Attention]: When the preamplifier is on, be careful not to input a signal more than +13 dBm; otherwise, the preamplifier will be damaged.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

4.3.5 Bandwidth menu

Res BW

Auto Man

Video BW

Auto Man

Average

Off On

SPAN/RBW

100

RBW/VBW

Detector

Auto

Video Type

Lin Log

·[Res BW Auto Man]: Press 【BW】→[Res BW Auto Man] to adjust the resolution bandwidth, which is within 1 Hz - 10 MHz. The numeric keys, step key or knob can be used to change the resolution bandwidth by 1, 3 and 10 steps in the manual mode. The resolution bandwidth varies with the span as per SPAN/RBW ratio in the automatic mode.

·[Video BW Auto Man]: Press 【BW】→[Video BW Auto Man] to adjust and display the video bandwidth in the active function area. The video bandwidth is within 1 Hz 10 MHz. The numeric keys, step key or knob can be used to change the video bandwidth in the manual mode; in this case, the step key and knob are operated according to 1, 3 and 10 steps. The video bandwidth varies with the resolution bandwidth as per RBW/VBW ratio in the automatic mode.

·[ Average Off On]: Press 【BW】→[Average Off On] to select the average function. This function sets the detector as sampling mode and continuously average the traces simultaneously, thus reaching the effect of smooth trace.

·[ SPAN/RBW]: Press 【BW】→[SPAN/RBW] to set the ratio of current span to resolution bandwidth and display the ratio in the input area. The default value is 100. This ratio is used in the associated mode of resolution bandwidth.

·[ RBW/VBW]: Press 【 BW】→[RBW/VBW] to set the ratio of current video bandwidth to resolution bandwidth. The default value is 1. When the resolution bandwidth is changed, the video bandwidth in the automatic mode will be automatically changed to satisfy this ratio. The ratio will be displayed in the input area and used in the associated mode of these two bandwidths. When a new ratio is selected, the video bandwidth will be changed to satisfy the new ratio while the resolution bandwidth keeps unchanged.

·[Detector]: Press 【BW】→[Detector] to pop up the soft menu of setting the detection mode. For details, see the instructions of [Detector] menu.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

4.3.6 Detection menu

Auto

Detector

Normal

Peak

Neg Peak

Sample

< Back

Average

RMS

·[Auto]: The mode will be standard automatically by default after the detection menu is entered.

·[ Normal]: In this mode, the measuring results of positive peak and negative peak will be displayed to realize the display effect similar to the analog instrument when noise is detected, and only positive peak will be displayed when a signal is detected. This is the most commonly used detection mode, in which the signal and noise floor can be seen simultaneously without loss of any signal.

·[Peak]: It is used to select the positive peak detection mode. The enabling of this mode can ensure that no peak signal is missed, which helps to measure the signal very close to the noise floor. The positive peak detector is selected in case of [Max Hold].

·[ Neg Peak]: It is used to select the negative peak detection mode. The enabling of this mode allows the trace to display the negative peak level. This mode is used in the self test of broadband millimeter-wave spectrum analyzer in most cases, while seldom in measurement. It can reproduce the modulation envelope of AM signal well. The negative peak detector is selected in case of [Min Hold].

·[Sample]: It is used to set the detector as the sampling detection mode. This mode helps to measure the noise signal, and it allows better measurement of noise compared with the normal detection mode. It is commonly used for the video average and noise frequency standard functions.

·[ Average]: It is used to set the detector as the average detection mode, in which the average of sampling data of traces will be displayed in each sampling interval.

·[ RMS]: It is used to set the detector as the root mean square detection mode, in which the root mean square of sampling data of traces will be displayed in each sampling interval.

·[Back]: It is used to return to the previous menu.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

4.3.7 Marker menu

Marker

1 2 3 4 5 6

Marker

Normal

Detla

Marker Noise

Off On

Counter Mkr

Off On

Marker-> >

Off

All Off

·[Marker 1 2 3 4 5 6]: Press 【Marker】→[Marker 1 2 3 4 5 6] to select different frequency standards, activate a single frequency standard, place the frequency standard at the central location of trace, and display these values in the frequency standard display area in the upper right corner of screen.

·[Normal]: Press 【Marker】→[Normal] to display the frequency and amplitude of frequency standard. The knob, step key or numeric key can be used to move the active frequency standard. The default unit of the displayed amplitude is dB.

·[Detla]: Press 【Marker】→[Detla] to display the amplitude difference and frequency difference between two frequency standards (time difference in case of the span of 0). The knob, step key or numeric key can be used to move the active frequency standard. The default unit of the displayed amplitude difference is dB.

·[Marker Noise Off On]: Press 【Marker】→[Marker Noise Off On] to select the on-off state of noise marker. When "On" is selected, the noise marker will be activated. Then, the noise power of normalizing the noise to 1 Hz bandwidth near the activated marker will be read; in this case, the detector will be in the sampling detection mode when automatic.

·[Counter Mrk Off On]: Press 【Marker】→[Counter Mrk Off On] to enable or disable the frequency standard count function. If there is no activated frequency standard currently, an active frequency standard will be activated in the middle of the screen when the frequency standard count function is enabled.

·【Marker】: Press 【Marker】→[Marker→] to pop up the soft menus related to the marker functions. These menus are relevant to the mode (normal or differential frequency standard mode) of frequency, span and frequency standard of spectrum analyzer. These marker functions allow the user to change the setting of spectrum analyzer by taking the marker as reference.

·[Off]: Press 【Marker】→[Off] to deactivate the currently selected marker and related functions, e.g. [Marker Noise].

·[All Off]: Press 【Marker】→[All Off] to deactivate all the markers and related functions, e.g. [Marker Noise].

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Marker->

Center

Marker->

CF Step

Marker->

Start

Marker->

Stop

< Back

·[Marker→Center]: Press 【Marker】→[Marker→]→[Marker→Center] to move the marker to the position of center frequency and display the reading at this position on the screen.

·[Marker→Step]: Press 【Marker】→[Marker→]→[Marker→Step] to set the step size of center frequency. In this case, the step size is equal to the marker frequency. When the differential marker function is activated, the step size is equal to the frequency of the differential marker.

·[Marker→Start]: Press 【Marker】→[Marker→]→[Marker→Start] to set the start frequency equal to the marker frequency.

·[Marker→Stop]: Press 【Marker】→[Marker→]→[Marker→Stop] to set the stop frequency equal to the marker frequency.

·[Back]: It is used to return to the previous menu.

中心频率

频率

扫宽

起始频率

终止频率

步进频率

自动手动

信号跟踪

关开

信号标准

信道号

Peak Search

Peak

Next Peak

Next Pk Left

Next Pk Right

Max Search

Min Search

Peak Track

Off On

Marker->

Center

·[Peak Search]: Press 【Peak】→[Peak Search] to place a frequency standard at the maximum peak point of trace and display the frequency and amplitude of this frequency standard in the upper right corner of screen.

·[Next Pk]: Press 【Peak】→[Next Pk] to move the active frequency standard to the next maximum peak point associated with the current location of the frequency standard on the trace. A lower peak point can be quickly found after this key is clicked repeatedly.

·[Next Pk Left]: Press 【Peak】→[Next Pk Left] to find the next peak on the left of the current location of the frequency standard.

·[Next Pk Right]: Press 【Peak】→[Next Pk Right] to find the next peak on the right of the current location of the frequency standard.

·[ Max Search]: Press 【Peak】→[Max Search] to place a marker at the highest point of trace and display the frequency and amplitude of this marker in the upper right corner of screen.

·[ Min Search]: Press 【Peak】→[Min Search] to place a marker at the lowest point of trace and display the frequency and amplitude of this marker in the upper right corner of screen.

·[Peak Track Off On]: Press 【Peak】→[Peak Track Off On], and the marker will perform a peak search operation currently after each scan when the peak tracking function is enabled. It will not perform any operation when the peak tracking function is disabled.

·[Marker→]: Press 【Peak】→[Marker→] to set the marker frequency equal to the center frequency. This function can move the signal to the screen center quickly.

4.3.8 Peak menu

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

中心频率

频率

扫宽

起始频率

终止频率

步进频率

自动手动

Spectrum

Analyzer

Mode

Interference

Analyzer

AM/FM/PM

Analyzer

Power

Meter

Channel

Scanner

Field

Strength

·[ Spectrum Analyzer]: Press [Mode]→[Spectrum Analyzer] to select the Spectrum Analyzer mode.

·[Interference Analyzer]: Press [Mode]→[Interference Analyzer] to select the Interference Analyzer mode. For detailed introduction, see Chapter 5 Interference Analyzer Measurement Mode.

·[ AM/FM/PM analyzer]: Press [Mode]→[AM/FM/PM analyzer] to select the AM/FM/PM analyzer mode. For detailed introduction, see Chapter 7 AM/FM/PM analyzer Measurement Mode.

·[ Power meter]: Press [Mode]→[Power meter] to select the Power meter mode. For detailed introduction, see Chapter 6 Power meter Mode.

·[Channel Scanner]: Press [Mode]→[Channel Scanner] to select the Channel scanner mode. For detailed introduction, see Chapter 8 Channel scanner Measurement Mode.

·[Field Strength Measurement]: Press [Mode]→[Field Strength] to select the field strength measurement mode. For detailed introduction, see Chapter 9 Field Strength Measurement Mode.

4.3.9 Mode menu

The default function mode in the mode menu is the Spectrum Analyzer mode, which, according to user requirements, allows the addition of following function options: Interference Analyzer, AM/FM/PM analyzer, Power meter, Channel scanner and field strength measurement.

4.3.10 Sweep menu

The sweep time specifies the time the spectrum analyzer takes with the local oscillator turned to sweep across a selected frequency band. The sweep time directly affects the time cost to complete a test. It varies with the span,

RBW and VBW, In ‘Auto” mode, the analyzer maintains the fastest sweep time possible with the selected measurement settings. The “Manual” mode can be used to increase the sweep time to satisfy some specific

measurements.

The default sweep mode is linear sweep. The list sweep function is optional, which activates a continuous sweep that consists of multiple frequency segments. It supports to edit, save and recall the list.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Sweep Time

Auto Man

Sweep

Cont Single

Sweep Once

Triggering

[Free Run]

Points

[1001]

1 of 2

·[Sweep Time Auto Man]: Press 【Sweep】 →[Sweep Time] to set the sweep time of

the spectrum analyzer. Use the numeric keys, step button or knob to adjust time setting.

When “Manual” is underlined, the sweep time can be set manually. When “Automatic”is underlined, the sweep time is automatically coupled to the RBW,

frequency bandwidth and VBW.

·[Sweep Type Cont Single]: Press 【Sweep】 →[Sweep Type] to set continuous sweep or single sweep.

·[ Sweep Once]: Press 【Sweep】 →[Sweep Once] to repeat the sweep.

·[Triggering]: Press 【Sweep】 →[Triggering] to select the trigger type, including

[Free Run], [Video] and [External]. Refer to the trigger menu for details.

·[Sweep Mode Linear List]: Press 【Sweep】 →[Sweep Mode] to select linear sweep or list sweep. Linear sweep means that the frequency is swept in linear steps over the frequency range and the steps between adjacent measurement points are equal. The list sweep mode is optional. In list sweep mode, the frequency is swept according to the defined frequency ranges listed and other corresponding parameters.

·[Edit List]: This is an optional function of list sweep. Press 【Sweep】 →[Edit List].When the Edit List menu is displayed, use softkeys, such as [Add Segment], [Delete Segment] and [Delete All Segments], to manage and edit the sweep list. The selected sweep segment is highlighted in green. After editing the sweep segment(s), press the softkey [Complete] to return to the submenu of 【Sweep】.

·[Save List]: This is an optional function of the list sweep. Press 【Sweep】 →[Save List] to save the edited list in the spectrum analyzer for recalling.

·[Recall List]: This is an optional function of the list sweep. Press 【Sweep】 →[Recall List]. A dialog box will be popped up for you to recall or delete the required sweep list.

4.3.11 Trigger menu

The trigger menu is used to select a trigger type for the sweep or measurement. The trigger type can be Free, Video, External, Polarity and Delay. You can select the desired trigger mode according to your specific requirements.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Free Run

Triggering

Video

External(TTL)

1.50V

Slope

Rising

Fallin

Delay

1.000us

< Back

·[Free Run]: After a continuous sweep or single sweep is completed, start a new sweep when the free trigger is set.

·[Video]: Set the trigger mode to the video trigger. When the voltage of an input video signal exceed the specified video trigger level, a sweep is triggered. You can use the numeric keys, step button or knob to set the trigger level. The green line on the screen indicates the trigger level selected.

·[External]: Set the trigger mode to the external trigger. Set the trigger l level, and select the sweep and measurement to synchronize with the next voltage cycle.

·[ Slope]: Set the trigger edge to the rising (Pos.) or falling (Neg.) edge of the pulse.

·[ Delay]: Allowable time delay to the specified trigger level; the spectrum analyzer

will wait for this time interval after receiving an external trigger signal and then perform the sweep.

中心频率

频率

扫宽

起始频率

终止频率

步进频率

自动手动

信号跟踪

关开

Trace

1 2 3

Trace

Clear Write

Max Hold

Min Hold

View

Blank

·[Trace 1 2 3]: Press 【Trace】 →[Trace 1 2, 3] to select the trace. The spectrum analyzer can provide trace 1, 2 and 3. The number of the selected trace and its status menu will be underlined.

·[Clear Write]: Press 【Trace】 →[Clear Write] to erase the previously stored data and display that of the signal received by the spectrum analyzer in the real-time sweep.

·[Max. Hold]: Press 【Trace】 → [Max Hold] to retain the maximum level for each trace point of the selected trace and update the data if a new maximum level is detected in successive sweeps. If it is in the automatic detection mode, the mode will be switched to the positive peak detection.

·[Min Hold]: Press 【Trace】 →[Min Hold] to retain the minimum level for each trace point of the selected trace and update the data if a new minimum level is detected in successive sweeps. If it is in the automatic detection mode, the mode will be switched to the negative peak detection.

·[ View]: Press 【Trace】 →[View] to hold and display the amplitude data of the selected trace. The trace data is not updated as the analyzer sweeps.

·[Blank]: Press 【Trace】 →[Blank] to disable the trace display and process the signal in the background.

·[Special Attention]: When both the Max. hold and the Min. hold are activated, the detection in the automatic mode will be switched to the sample detection.

4.3.12 Trace menu

The trace menu is used to set the display of the trace according to the trace type selected, such as Clear Write, Max. Hold, and Min. Hold. For example, when measuring a drift signal, use the max. hold function to display the max. amplitude and the frequency drift.

4.3.13 Limit menu

Limit

Upper Lower

Limit

Display

Off On

Test

Off On

Edit Limit

Margin

0.0 dB

终止频率

步进频率

自动手动

信号跟踪

关开

Alarm

Off On

Save Limit

Recall Limit>

·[Limit Upper Lower]: Press [Limit] →[Limit Upper Lower] to select the desired limit line (upper or lower).

·[Limit Off On]: Press [Limit] →[Limit Off On] to enable or disable the limit function.

·[Test Off On]: Press [Limit] →[Test Off On] to enable or disable the limit test function.

·[Edit Limit]: Press [Limit] →[Edit Limit]. It contains several soft menus, such as

[Frequency], [Amplitude], [Add Point], [Delete Point], [Left Point], [Right Point], and [Default Limit], for viewing the frequency and amplitude of the limit point and adding or deleting a limit point.

·[ Margin]: Press [Limit] →[Margin] to set the offset margin.

·[Alarm Off On]: Press [Limit]→[Alarm Off On] to enable or disable the audible

warning function. When the audible alarm is On, it is valid only if the upper or lower limit test is On. When the upper or lower limit line sweep complete the current screen, and if there is any occasion beyond the limit, the buzzer will send a short sound.

·[Save Limit]: Press [Limit] →[Save Limit] to save the limit.

·[Recall Limit]: Press [Limit] →[Recall Limit]. It contains several soft menus, such as

[Header], [Footer], [Page Up], [Page Down], [Recall], [Delete] and [Cancel], for recalling or deleting the saved limit.

Field

Strength

Measure

Channel

Power

OBW

ACPR

Emission

Mask

终止频率

步进频率

自动手动

信号跟踪

关开

C/N

All Meas

Off

1 of 2

·[Field Strength]: Press 【Measure】 →[Field Strength Measurement] to select the

field strength measurement function and recall the related menu. Refer to [Field Strength Measurement] menu for details.

·[Channel Power]: Press 【Measure】 →[Channel Power] to select the channel power function and recall the related menu. Refer to [Channel Power] menu for details.

·[OBW]: Press 【Measure】 →[OBW] to select the occupied bandwidth function and recall the related menu. Refer to [OBW] menu for details.

·[ACPR]: Press 【Measure】 →[ACPR] to select the adjacent channel power function and recall the related menu. Refer to [ACPR] menu for details.

·[Emission Mask]: Press 【Measure】 →[Emission Mask] to select the emission mask function and recall the related menu. Refer to [Emission Mask] menu for details.

·[ C/N]: Press 【Measure】 →[C/N] to select the carrier-to-noise ratio function and recall the related menu. Refer to [C/N] menu for details.

·[ All Meas Off]: Press 【Measure】 →[All Meas Off] to disable the measurement.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

4.3.14 Measurement menu

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Tune

Listen

IQ Capture

Measure

All Meas

Off

More 2 of 2

Generator

·[ Tune & Listen]: Press 【Measure】, [More 1 of 2] →[Tune & Listen] to enable the audio demodulation function. Refer to [Audio Demodulation] menu for details.

·[IQ Capture]: Press 【Measure】, [More 1 of 2] →[IQ Capture] to enable the IQ capture function. Refer to [IQ Capture] menu for details.

·[Generator]: Press 【Measure】, [More 1 of 2] →[Generator] to enable the tracking generator function. Refer to [Generator] menu for details.

Field Strength

Off On

Field Strength

Recall

Atenna

Edit

Antenna

< Back

Save

Antenna

·[Field Strength Off On]: Press 【Measure】→[Field Strength] →[Field Strength Off

On] to enable or disable the field strength function.

·[Recall Antenna]: Press 【Measure】→[Field Strength] →[Recall Antenna] to pop up soft menus, such as [Header], [Footer], [Page Up], [Page Down], [Recall], and [Delete], and to select and recall the antenna factor document stored in the spectrum analyzer.

·[Edit Antenna]: Press 【Measure】→[Field Strength] →[Edit Antenna] to pop up soft menus, such as [Add Point], [Delete Point], [Delete All], [Complete] and [Cancel] for antenna factor editing,

·[Store Antenna]: Press 【Measure】→ [Field Strength] →[Store Antenna] to store the antenna factor.

·[Back]: Press 【Measure】→[Field Strength] →[Back] to exit the field strength menu and return to the measurement menu.

The spectrum analyzer has the field strength measurement function and relevant soft menus, such as [Field Strength Off On], [Recall Antenna], [Edit Antenna] and [Save Antenna], which can be used to perform field strength test quickly with the cooperation of corresponding test antenna.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Channel Pwr

Off On

Channel Pwr

Center Freq

Channel BW

Span

< Back

·[Channel Power Off On]: Press 【Measure】→[Channel Power]→[Channel Pwr Off

On] to enable or disable the channel Power meter.

·[Center Freq]: Press 【Measure】→[Channel Power]→[Center Freq], and use numeric keys to set the center frequency.

·[Channel BW]: Press 【Measure】→[Channel Power]→[Channel BW]，and use numeric keys to set the channel width.

·[Span]: Press 【Measure】→[Channel Power]→[Span]，and use numeric keys to set the channel span.

·[Special Attention]: The channel power bandwidth is the frequency width within which the spectrum analyzer displays the power. The channel power span is the frequency range of the sweep. If the channel power span should be set larger than or equal to that of the channel power bandwidth. If it is not, the spectrum analyzer will automatically set the channel power bandwidth equal to the channel power span. The ratio of the channel power span to the channel power bandwidth remains constant. When the channel power span changes, this ratio remains the same. This ratio can be changed by modifying the channel power bandwidth. For example, when the channel power span doubles, the spectrum analyzer will increase the channel power bandwidth by the same factor.

The spectrum analyzer provides the function of channel Power meter. Set the parameters in the menu and select appropriate RBW and span to measure the channel power. Please refer to “Channel Power meter” in the first section of this chapter.

The spectrum analyzer is able to quickly provide clear and accurate measurement result of occupied bandwidth. Based on modulation types, there are two different methods to calculate the occupied bandwidth: power percentage and XdB down method. You can select the appropriate method to measure the occupied bandwidth according to your specific requirements. Please refer to “Occupied bandwidth measurement” in the first section of this chapter.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

OBW

Off On

OBW

Method

% dBc

99.00% dBc

-3.00dB

Span

·[ OBW Off On]: Press 【Measure】→[OBW]→[OBW Off On] to enable or disable the

occupied bandwidth measurement.

·[Method]: Press 【Measure】→[OBW]→[Method % dBc] to select corresponding measurement method, power percentage or dBc down method. The percentage method is used to obtain the occupied bandwidth of the signal by calculating the bandwidth of the portion of the frequency that contains a certain percentage of the power of the entire transmission signal. The percentage of the power may be set by the user. The dBc down method defines the occupied bandwidth as the distance between the two frequency points when the signal power drops dBc at both sides of the frequency point where the peak power of the signal exists. The power down dBc of the signal is to be set by the user.

·[ %]: Press 【Measure】→[OBW]→[%] to set the percentage of the power when the power percentage method is selected.

·[ dBc]: Press 【Measure】→[OBW]→[dBc] to set the dBc down value of the signal.

·[Span]: Press 【Measure】→[OBW]→[Span] to set the span for occupied bandwidth

measurement.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

ACPR

Off On

Center Freq

ACPR

Ch Spacing

3.000MHz

Main Ch BW

3.000MHz

Adj Ch BW

3.000MHz

< Back

1 of 2

·[ACPR Off On]: Press 【Measure】→[ACPR]→[ACPR Off On] to enable or disable

the adjacent channel Power meter.

·[Center Freq]: Press 【Measure】→[ACPR]→[Center Freq], and use numeric keys to set the center frequency.

·[Main Ch BW]: Press 【Measure】→[ACPR]→[Main Ch BW]，and use numeric keys to set the main channel width.

·[Adj Ch BW]: Press 【Measure】→[ACPR]→[Adj Ch BW]，and use numeric keys to set the adjacent channel width.

·[Channel Spacing]: Press 【Measure】→[ACPR]→[Channel Spacing]. Use the numeric keys to set the channel offset.

Limit Test

Off On

Upper Limit

0.0 dB

ACPR

< Back

Lower Limit

0.0 dB

2 of 2

·[ Limit Test Off On]: Press 【Measure】→[ACPR]→[Limit Test Off On] to enable or disable the threshold test to the upper or lower adjacent channel power.

·[Upper Limit]: Press 【Measure】→[ACPR]→[Upper Limit] to set the threshold for the upper channel power testing.

·[Lower Limit]: Press 【Measure】→[ACPR]→[Lower Limit] to set the threshold for the lower channel power testing.

·[Special Attention]: When threshold test is activated and if the adjacent channel power exceed the set threshold, it will be marked and displayed on the screen in red background.

The spectrum analyzer provides the function of ACPR measurement. You can set the parameters of the channel to acquire the measurement result of ACPR. You can activate the threshold test function and set the adjacent channel

threshold to observe whether the adjacent channel power exceeds the specified range. Please refer to “ACPR measurement” in the first section of this chapter.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

C/N

Off On

Center Freq

C/N

< Back

Carrier BW

3.000MHz Noise BW

3.000MHz

Offset

3.000MHz

·[ C/N Off On]: Press 【Measure】→[C/N]→[C/N Off On] to enable or disable the carrier-to-noise ratio function.

·[Center Freq]: Press 【Measure】→[C/N] →[Center Freq]. Use the numeric keys to set the center frequency for measurement.

·[Carrier BW]: Press 【Measure】→[C/N]→[Carrier BW]. Use the numeric keys to set the carrier bandwidth, and the default value is 3 MHz.

·[Noise BW]: Press 【Measure】→[C/N]→[Noise BW]. Use the numeric keys to set the carrier bandwidth, and the default value is 3 MHz.

·[Offset]: Press 【Measure】→[C/N]→[Offset]. Use the numeric keys to set the carrier bandwidth, and the default value is 3 MHz.

The spectrum analyzer provides the function of carrier-to-noise ratio measurement to measure the ratio of carrier power to noise power.

The emission mask function is to recall the limit line as a mask to measure whether the signal power passes through the mask. The mask can move up and down and side to side according to the center frequency and reference power. The mask always moves the center point of limit line side to side to the center frequency, and moves the center point up and down to the reference power according to the calculated reference power.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Emission Mask

Off On

Emission Mask

Channel BW

1.000MHz

Recall Limit

as Mask

Ref Power

Peak Ch

Peak Markers

Off On

终止频率

步进频率

自动手动

信号跟踪

关开

Page Up

Page Down

< Back

·[Emission Mask Off On]: Press 【Measure】→[Emission Mask]→[Emission Mask

Off On] to enable or disable the emission mask.

·[Reference Channel Bandwidth]: Press 【Measure】→[Emission Mask]→[Channel BW]，and use the numeric keys to set the reference channel width.

·[Recall Limit]: Press 【Measure】→[Emission Mask]→[Recall Limit]. Corresponding soft menus will be popped up, such as [Header], [Footer], [Page Up], [Page Down], [Recall] and [Delete], for you to select the desired limit document to be recalled.

·[Ref Power]: Press 【Measure】→[Emission Mask]→[Ref Power] to set the reference mode, including peak power and channel power taken as reference.

·[ Peak Markers Off On]: Press 【Measure】→[Emission Mask]→[Peak Markers Off On] to enable or disable the peak marker.

·[ Page Up]: Press 【Measure】→[Emission Mask]→[Page Up] to view the information in the previous page.

·[ Page Down]: Press 【Measure】→[Emission Mask]→[Page Down] to view the information in the next page.

You can set the parameters related to IQ capture, such as capture time, sample rate and capture mode, to acquire original IQ data , and store the data for analysis.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

IQ Capture

Off On

Start Capture

IQ Capture

Capture Time

1.000us

Capture Mode

Single Cont

Sample Rate

5.000MHz

Triggering [Free Run]

Save Name

[IQCapt...]

< Back

·[IQ Capture Off On]: Press 【Measure】→[More 1 of 2]→[IQ Capture]→[IQ

Capture Off On] to enable or disable the IQ capture function.

·[Start Capture]: Press 【Measure】→[More 1 of 2]→[IQ Capture]→[Start Capture] to start to acquire IQ data.

·[Capture Time]: Press 【Measure】→[More 1 of 2]→[IQ Capture]→[Capture Time] to set the IQ capture time.

·[Capture Mode]: Press 【Measure】→[More 1 of 2]→[IQ Capture]→[Capture Mode] to set the IQ capture mode as single or continuous capture. When the single capture mode is selected, the analyzer acquires IQ data once and stops. When the continuous capture mode is selected, the analyzer keeps acquiring IQ data after each sweep until you or your setting stop it.

·[Sample Rate]: Press 【Measure】→[More 1 of 2]→[IQ Capture]→[Sample Rate] to set the sample rate for IQ capture.

·[Triggering]: Press 【Measure】→[More 1 of 2]→[IQ Capture]→[Triggering]. The trigger types include [Free Run] and [External Trigger]. When the external trigger is selected, [Slope] and [Delay] can be set.

·[Save]: Press 【Measure】→[More 1 of 2]→[IQ Capture]→[Save] to save the data acquired.

Tune&Listen

Off On

Tune&Listen

Demod Type

Listen Time

100.000ms

Listen Mode

Int Cont

Volume

信号跟踪

关开

< Back

·[ Tune&Listen Off On]: Press 【 Measure 】 →[More 1 of

2]→[Tune&Listen]→[Tune&Listen Off On] to enable or disable the audio demodulation function.

·[Demod Type]: Press 【Measure】→[More 1 of 2]→[Tune&Listen]→[Demod Type] to select the type of demodulation. [FM], [AM], [USB] and [LSB] demodulation are available.

·[Demod Time]: Press 【Measure】→[More 1 of 2]]→[Tune&Listen]→[Demod Time] to set the demodulation time.

·[Demod Mode]: Press 【Measure】→[More 1 of 2]]→[Tune&Listen]→[Demod Mode] to select the demodulation mode. The default mode is intermittent demodulation. In the intermittent demodulation mode, after one sweep completes the demodulation begins and keeps for the set demodulation time; When the demodulation finishes, another sweep begins and completes, and the demodulation starts again. The process cycles in this way. In the continuous demodulation mode, the demodulation keeps after one sweep finishes, and the sweep does not start again.

·[Volume]: Press 【Measure】→[Tune&Listen]→[Volume] to set the volume of the speaker in demodulation mode.

You can enable or disable the tracking mode to switch from dot frequency generation to sweep frequency generation or reversely. The tracking generator function can be used to measure the frequency response of the device under test.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Generator Generator

Off On

Mode

CW Track

Power 0dBm

CW Freq

1.000GHz

Trans Meas

Power Offset

0.0dB

Freq Offset

0.000Hz

< Back

·[Generator Off On]: Press 【Measure】→[More 1 of 2]]→[Generator]→[Generator Off On] to enable or disable the tracking generator.

·[Mode Off On]: Press 【Measure】→[More 1 of 2]→[Generator]→[Mode CW Track] to enable or disable the frequency sweep mode of tracking generator.

·[Power 0.0 dBm]: Press 【Measure】→[More 1 of 2]→[Generator]→[Power 0.0 dBm]; level range -40 dBm~0 dBm, default level 0 dBm, and 1 dB step; set the fixed or sweep output power of the signal of tracking generator.

·[ CW Freq 1.000 GHz]: Press 【Measure】→[More 1 of 2]→[Generator]→[CW Freq

1.000 GHz]; frequency range 100 kHz~20 GHz, default frequency 1GHz, and 1, 2 or 5 step; valid when the tracking mode is Off. It is the output frequency of the independent dot frequency generator.

·[Trans Meas]: Press 【Measure】→[More 1 of 2]→[Generator]→[Trans Meas] to open the submenu of [Trans Meas] . Refer to the description of “Transmission Measurement”

menu for details.

·[Power Offset 0.0 dB]: Press 【Measure】→[More 1 of 2]→[Generator]→[Power Offset 0.0 dB]; range-200 dB~200 dB, default 0 dB, and 1 dB step; valid when tracking mode is On. Assign a certain offset to the output power of the tracking generator when gains or losses occur between the generator output and the external device in order to display the actual power value. This parameter only changes the power readout of the tracking generator, rather than the actual output of the generator.

·[Frequency Offset 0.000Hz]: Press 【 Measure 】 →[More 1 of 2]→[Generator]→[Frequency Offset 0.000 Hz]; range -300 MHz~300 MHz, default 0 Hz and step invalid; valid when tracking mode is enabled; set the frequency deviation of the output signal of the tracking generator from the current sweep frequency; the frequency of the tracking generator must be within 100 kHz~20 GHz.

Normalize

Off On

Relative Ref

0.0dB

Ref Position

Scale/Div

10.0dB Store

Mem Trace Mem Trace

Off On

< Back

Trans Meas

·[Normalize Off On]: Press 【Measure】 →[More 1 of 2]→[Generator]→[Trans Meas]→[Normalize Off On]; range on or off; valid when the tracking mode is enabled When normalization is enabled, the reference trace will be saved automatically after the current sweep completes if no reference trace is saved before. In the saving process, a corresponding message will be prompted on the screen. When normalization is enabled, the corresponding value of the reference trace will be subtracted from the trace data after every sweep.

·[ Relative Ref 0.0 dB]: 【 Measure 】 →[More 1 of 2]→[Generator]→[Trans Meas]→[Relative Ref 0.0 dB]; range -200 dB~200 dB, default 0 dB, and 1 dB step; valid when both the tracking mode and the normalization are enabled. Adjust the vertical position of the trace on the screen by adjusting the reference level when normalization is enabled. Different from the reference level in the Amplitude/Scale menu in the analysis mode, modification of this parameter will not affect the reference level of the spectrum analyzer.

·[Ref Position 0]: 【Measure】→[More 1 of 2]→[Generator]→[Trans Meas]→[Ref Position 0]; range 0~10, default 5 and 1 step; valid when both the tracking mode and the normalization are enabled. Adjust the vertical position of the normalization reference level on the screen by adjusting the reference position when normalization is enabled. When it is set to 0, the reference position is at the top; when it is set to 10, the reference potions is at the bottom; when it is set to 5, the reference position is in the middle.

·[Scale/Div 10.0 dB]: 【 Measure 】 →[More 1 of 2]→[Generator]→[Trans Meas]→[Scale/Div 10.0 dB]; range 0.1~20 dB, default 10 dB, 0.1 dB step when less

than 1, and 1 dB step when more than 1; valid when both the tracking mode and the normalization are enabled. Adjust the precision of the trace on the Y-axis of the screen by adjusting the scale/division value when normalization is enabled.

·[ Store Mem Trace]: Press 【 Measure】→[More 1 of 2]→[Generator]→[Trans Meas]→[Store Mem Trace]; When normalization is enabled, the reference trace will be saved automatically after the current sweep completes if no reference trace is saved before. In the saving process, a corresponding message will be prompted on the screen. When normalization is enabled, the corresponding value of the reference trace will be subtracted from the trace data after every sweep.

·[ Mem Trace Off On]: Press 【Measure】→[More 1 of 2]→[Generator]→[Trans Meas]→[Mem Trace Off On] to set whether to display the reference trace or not. When “On” is selected, the saved reference trace will be displayed.

4.3.15 File menu

Save State

File

Recall

State

Save Data

Recall

Data

Save Pic

Default State

File

Manager Location

[Internal]

·[Store State]: Press [File] → [Store State] to store the current sweep status parameter.

·[Recall State]: Press [File]→[Recall State] to pop up status file list, and read the

stored status files by pressing [Head], [Tail], [Page Up], [Page Down], [Donw], [Delete] and other related soft menus, so as to recall the appropriate status parameters for the current sweep.

·[Save Data]: Press [File]→[Save Data] to save the trace data.

·[Recall Data]: Press [File]→[Recall Data] to pop up data file list, and read the stored

data files by pressing [Header], [Footer], [Page Up], [Page Down], [Recall], [Delete] and other related soft menus, so as to recall the appropriate data for the current sweep.

·[Save Pic]: Press [File]→[Save Pic] to capture the current screen picture.

·[Default State]: Press [File]→[Default State] to restore factory settings.

·[File Manager]: Press [File]→[File Manager] to pop up file management menu,

including [Src File], [Dst File], [Copy], [Delete] and other related soft menus, so as to copy and delete the files.

·[Location]: Press [File]→[Location] to select the storage location, including internal memory of the instrument and other optional positions such as USB interface memory and SD card. When the option with security feature is used, the internal memory cannot be selected.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

AliLO Nulling

System

Date

Time

Display

GPS

LAN

Freq Ref

Int Ext

1 of 2

Ref Out

Off On

·[ AliLO Nulling]: Press 【System】→[AliLO Nulling] to select zero frequency calibration when needed by the user, and the calibration result will be saved in the internal memory of the instrument.

·[Date&Time]: Press 【System】→[Date&Time] to set the date and time.

·[ Display]: Press 【System】→[Display] to set the display modes, including [Default Mode], [Black&White], [Night Vision] and other related settings.

·[ GPS]: Press 【System】→[GPS] to pop up GPS-related soft menus, including [GPS

Off On], [GPS Info] and [Reset], so as to set GPS on or off, view GPS details and reset GPS.

·[ Special Attention]: The GPS function is an option.

·[ LAN]: Press 【System】→[LAN] to select the network settings of the spectrum

analyzer, including [Prev], [Next], [IP], [Mask], [Gateway] and other soft menus.

·[ Freq Ref Int Ext]: Press 【System】→[Freq Ref Int Ext] to select the internal or external frequency reference as needed by the user.

·[ Ref Out Off On]: Press 【System】→[Ref Out Off On], and when the frequency reference is in the internal reference status, choose whether to enable the internal reference function as needed by the user.

·[ Special Attention]: The external reference frequency must be 10 MHz±100 Hz within the amplitude of 0 dBm (limit range: -2 dBm~+10 dBm). The external reference frequency must be input from "10 MHz reference input/output" port.

4.3.16 System menu

The System Menu lists the system-related settings of the 4041 series spectrum analyzer. In addition to date and time, date format, system language, network settings, frequency reference, etc., there are special menus such as zero frequency calibration and GPS function (option).

The 4041 series spectrum analyzer is featured with zero frequency calibration function, allowing users to perform zero frequency calibration when needed. When the accurate measurement frequency amplitude of the signal is lower than 5 MHz, pay attention to the zero frequency signal value. When the zero frequency signal is above -20 dBm, the zero frequency calibration is required to avoid gain compression caused by excessive zero frequency signal.

The GPS function is an option of the 4041 series. It can be realized through an external GPS antenna. Users can view the current number of satellites, latitude and longitude, and altitude information.

Chapter IV Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Language

System

Info

Error Log

Title

Off On

Admin

2 of 2

Date

Format

·[Language]: Press 【System】→[Language] to select the languages, including [简体

中文] and [English].

·[ System Info]: Press 【 System】→[System Info] to view the system related information, including application software version, image customization version, and other related information.

·[ Date Format]: Press 【System】→[Date Format] to set the date format.

·[ Error Log]: Press 【System】→[Error Log] to pop up the related soft menus,

including [Head], [Tail], [Page Up], [Page Down] and [Delete All], to view the related error information.

·[ Title Off On]: Press 【System】→[Title Off On] to name the current title.

·[ Special Attention]: The length of the title is limited to 10 characters.

·[ Admin]: Press 【System】→[Admin] to enter administrator password, so as to

perform the system-related management and settings.

·[ Special Attention]: The system management function is limited to the use by factory commissioning personnel or technical support personnel when needed. Users must not use it, otherwise it may cause damage to the instrument.

Chapter V Interference Analyzer Mode (Option)

All operations in this chapter are based on the interference analyzer mode, which will not be described separately below.

If the sweep interval is more than 0, the trace will be in the maximum holding state, so as to ensure that the maximum value of the signal in each sweeping will be displayed on the screen.

If the time marker value is more than 0, the trace and spectrogram will not be refreshed.

CAUTION

Chapter V Interference Analyzer Measurement Mode (Option)

Section 1 Introduction to Typical Measurement

The interference analyzer mode is an extension of the spectrum analyzer mode. In 4041 series spectrum analyzer, the interference analyzer mode is divided into the following three modes: Spectrum measurement (refer to the relevant chapter of Spectrum Analyzer requirements for specific operations, not repeated here); Spectrogram measurement; Received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurement.

5.1.1 Spectrogram measurement

The cyclic or intermittent signal can be easily observed in the 3D spectrogram display, i.e. frequency, amplitude and time. The time signal amplitudes are reflected by various colors in the spectrogram display. In order to better observe the measured signal, the following steps can be taken:

a) Press【Span】→[Full Span] and 【Peak】 to obtain the maximum value of the current signal. Then press

[Marker→Center] and set the current peak as the center frequency. In this case, the maximum value will be

displayed at the center of the trace zone.

b) Press【BW】→[Res BW Auto Man] and set the appropriate resolution bandwidth with the number keys, 【↑】,

【↓】 or knob. Similarly, set the appropriate video bandwidth.

c) Press【Ampt】→[Ref Level] and set the current maximum point close to the top of the display zone. Press

[Scale/Div] and set the appropriate scale/division to facilitate viewing

d) Press【Record】→[Sweep Interval Auto] and set the sweep interval.

e) Press [Sweep Time] and set the record time. Then press [Auto Save Off On] to enable the auto saving mode.

In this case, the data will be saved automatically after sweeping of one screen.

f) Press 【Record】→[Time Cursor] and move the horizontal line with the number keys, 【↑】, 【↓】 or knob

in the vertical direction of the spectrogram. The following spectrogram will display the trace information on the line.

g) The interference analyzer mode of 4041 series spectrum analyzer involves six independent markers, which

are used for reading the amplitude and frequency corresponding of the marker. Specific operations are as follows: [Maker]→[Marker 1 2 3 4 5 6].

h) Press [File]→[Save Pic] to save the current spectrogram information in the picture form. The spectrogram test structure is in Fig. 5-1 (the displayed contents vary from parameter settings, and Fig. 5-1

only show an example).

If the span time is set, only the latest data points on the screen will be recorded, instead of all data points within the whole span.

CAUTION

Chapter V Interference Analyzer Mode (Option)

Fig. 5-1 Interference Analyzer Spectrogram

5.1.2 RSSI measurement

RSSI measurement is mainly applied to measure the strength changes of one CW signal within a certain period. In order to better observe the measured signal, the following steps can be taken: a) Press [Record]→[Sweep Interval] to set the sweep interval, which represents the sweep time between two

adjacent points in each sweeping.

b) Press [Record]→[Sweep Time] to set the span record time. After reaching the set span time, the display

interface will not be refreshed.

Press [Record]→[Auto Save Off On] to enable the auto saving function. The data will be automatically saved into

the file after sweeping of each screen.

The RSSI test structure is shown in Fig. 5-2 (the displayed contents vary from parameter settings and Fig. 5-2 only show an example).

Chapter V Interference Analyzer Mode (Option)

Fig. 5-2 RSSI Test Diagram of Interference Analyzer

Chapter V Interference Analyzer Mode (Option)

Signal Std

Center Freq

Frequency

Start Freq

Stop Freq

CF Step

Auto Man

Channel

Span

Full Span

Zero Span

Last Span

< Back

Ref Level

0.0dBm

Amplitude

Ref Position

Atten

Auto Man

Scale/Div

20.0dB

Units dBm

Pre Amp

Off On

RBW

Auto Manual

VBW

Auto Manual

Average

Off On

SPAN/RBW

100

RBW/VBW

Detector

Auto

Detector

Normal

Peak

Neg Peak

Sample

Average

RMS

< Back

Marker

1 2 3 4 5 6

Marker

Normal

Delta

Noise Marker Off On

Marker >

Off

All Off

Marker->

Center

Marker->

CF Step

Marker->

Start

光标->

终止频率

Marker->

Stop

< Back

Peak Search

Peak

Next Peak

Next Pk Left

Next Pk Right

Max Search

Min Search

Marker->

Center

Sweep Time

Auto Man

Sweep

Cont Single

Sweep Once

Header

Signal Std

Tail

Page up

Page down

Done

Cancel

Signal Track

Off On

Signal Search

Span

Section 2 Interference Analyzer Menu Structure

Fig. 5-3 Overall Block Diagram of Interference Analyzer Menu

Chapter V Interference Analyzer Mode (Option)

Clear Write

Trace

Max Hold

Min Hold

Spectrum

Measure

Spectrogram

RSSI

Save State

File

Recall state

Save Data

Recall Data >

Save Pic

Default State

File

Manager

Location

Internal

Header

Page up

Page down

Immediately call

Delete

Delete all

Cancel

Src File

File Manager

Dst File

Copy

Delete Src File

< Back

Internal

Location

USB

Footer

Sweep Interval

Auto

Record

Sweep Span

Auto

Record

Off On

Time Cursor

Restart

Fig. 5-4 Overall Block Diagram of Interference Analyzer Menu (continued)

Section 3 Description of Interference Analyzer Menu

Signal Std

Center Freq

Frequency

Start Freq

Stop Freq

CF Step

Auto Man

Channel

Signal Track

Off On

Signal Search

·[Center Freq]: Press 【Freq】→[Center Freq], and select [GHz], [MHz], [kHz] or [Hz] in the frequency unit menu by using the numeric keys on the front panel, or 【↑】【↓】 keys and the knob.

·[Special Attention]: The frequency step value is the same as the [CF Step] setting value when using 【↑】【↓】 keys and the knob. The step frequency value can be set by using the numeric keys or 【↑】【↓】 keys and the knob after switching to [CF Step Auto Man] from [CF Step Auto Man].

·[Start Freq]: Press 【Freq】→[Start Freq] to select a frequency unit via the numeric

keys on the front panel, or set it by using 【↑】【↓】 keys and the knob.

·[Stop Freq]: Press 【Freq】→[Stop Freq] to select a frequency unit via the numeric keys on the front panel, or set it by using 【↑】【↓】 keys and the knob.

·[CF Step Auto Man]: Press 【Freq】→[CF Step Auto Man] to select step freq to manual or auto,and alse set a frequency unit via the numeric keys on the front panel, or set it by using 【↑】【↓】 keys and the knob.

·[Signal Std]: Press 【Freq】→[Signal Standard] to select a signal standard by using 【↑】【↓】 keys and the knob, and call it by using [Recall] or [Enter] key in the dialog

menu. Refer to the dialog menu for details.

·[Special Attention]: After the signal standard is loaded, the center frequency and the span are set to those defined in the signal standard.

·[Channel]: Press 【Freq】→[Channel.] and pop up the channel No. setting dialog, and

then set the channel No. via the numeric keys or 【↑】【↓】 keys and the knob.

·[Special Attention]: The channel No. shall be set after the signal standard is loaded, otherwise a prompt showing setting not available is given.

·[Signal Track Off On]: Press 【Freq】→[Signal Track Off On] set signal track on or

off..

·[Signal Search]: Press 【Freq】→[Signal Search], push this key can search the signal quickly.

5.3.1 Frequency menu

Chapter V Interference Analyzer Mode (Option)

5.3.2 Span menu

Span

Full Span

Zero Span

Last Span

< Back

Span

·[Span]: Press 【Span】→[Span] to activate the span submenu. You can change it by using the numeric keys and selecting a frequency unit, or by using 【↑】【↓】 keys and the knob. Refer to the description of [Span] menu for specific introduction.

·[Special Attention]: Change the span by using 【↑】【↓】 keys and the knob based on the steps of 1-2-5.

·[Full Span]: Press【Span】→[Span]→[Full Span] to set the current span to 44.1 GHz.

·[Span]: Press【Span】→[Span]→[Zero Span] to set the current span to 0 Hz.

·[Last Span]: Press 【Span】→[Span]→[Zero Span] to restore the span to that last set.

·[Back]: Press【Span】→[Span]→[Back] to return to the 【Freq】 menu.

·[Special Attention]: It can only be zero span under the RSSI mode.

Ref Level

0.0dBm

Amplitude

Ref Position

Atten

Auto Man

Scale/Div

20.0dB

Units

dBm

Pre Amp

Off On

·[Ref Level]: Press 【Ampt】→[Ref Level] and select [dBm], [-dBm], [mV] or [uV] in the frequency unit menu by using the numeric keys on the front panel, or 【↑】【↓】 keys and the knob.

·[Special Attention]: The step is 10 dB when the 【↑】【↓】 keys and the knob are used.

·[Ref Position]: Press 【Ampt】→[Ref Position] and change it by using the numeric

keys or by using 【↑】【↓】 keys and the knob.

·[Atten Auto Man]: Press 【Ampt】→[Atten Auto Man] and switch the attenuator auto or manual mode in the menu by using the numeric keys or by using 【↑】【↓】 keys and the knob.

·[Special Attention]: The setting range of the attenuation value is between 0 dB and 60 dB, and the step is 10 dB.

·[Scale/Div]: Press 【Ampt】→[Scale/Div] and set it between 0.1 dB and 20 dB by

using the numeric keys or by using 【↑】【↓】 keys and the knob.

·[Units]: The amplitude in the Interference Analyzer mode is in dBm.

·[Pre Amp Off On]: Press 【Ampt】→[Preamplifier Off On] to turn the preamplifier on

or off.

5.3.3 Amplitude menu

Chapter V Interference Analyzer Mode (Option)

Ceyear 4041 Series, 4041E, 4041D, 4041F, 4041G User Manual

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