Century OM-117071002 Operator's Manual

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PART# 0M-I17071002
Operator's Manual
80 AMP WIRE FEED
WELDER
Made
in
U.S.A.
Revision A
August 1999
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TABLE OF CONTENTS... 2
SAFETY SUMMARY ....... 3
IM PORTANT SAFETY
INFORMATION .................. 3
SHOCK HAZARDS ............... 3
FLASH HAZARDS ................ 4
FIRE HAZARDS .................... 5
FUME HAZARDS .................. 6
ADDITIONAL SAFETY
INFORMATION ................... 6
ASSEMBLY ...................... 8
UNPACKING THE WELDER 8
PACKING LIST ..................... 8
ASSEMBLE THE FACE
SHIELD .............................. 8
POWER SOURCE
CONNECTION ................... 9
EXTENSION CORDS ........... 9
SELECTING THE
WELDING WIRE ................ 9
INSTALL THE
WELDING WIRE ................ 9
OPERATION .................. 12
DESCRIPTION ................... 12
OPERATING THE
WELDER .......................... 12
DUTY CYCLE ..................... 12
INTERNAL THERMAL
PROTECTION .................. 12
CONTROLS AND
INDICATORS .................... 12
PREPARATIONS FOR
WELDING ......................... 13
SETTING UP THE
WORK PIECE ................... 13
WELDING POSITIONS ....... 13
PREPARING THE JOINT .... 13
GROUND CLAMP
CONNECTION ................. 14
LEARNING TO WELD ... 15
GET TO KNOW
YOUR WELDER ............... 15
HOLDING THE GUN ........... 15
POSITION THE GUN
TO THE WORKPIECE ..... 15
DISTANCE FROM
THE WORKPIECE ........... 16
LAYING A BEAD ................. 16
TYPES OF WELD BEADS.. 16
WELDING
TECHNIQUES ............. 17
TRAVELING THE GUN ....... 17
TYPES OF WELD BEADS 17
WELDING POSITIONS ...... 18
MULTIPLE PASS
WELDING ......................... 19
SPECIAL WELDING
METHODS ....................... 19
SPOT WELDING ................. 19
SPOT WELDING
INSTRUCTIONS ............... 20
MAINTENANCE ............. 21
GENERAL
MAINTENANCE ............... 21
MAINTENANCE
AND CLEANING ............... 21
TESTING FOR A
SHORTED NOZZLE ......... 21
MAINTAINING
THE WELDER .................. 22
TROUBLESHOOTING ........ 22
SCHEMATIC .................. 24
REPLACEMENT
PARTS LIST ................. 25
LIMITED WARRANTY ... 26
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Every craftsman respects the tools with which they work. They know that the
tools represent years of constantly improved designs and developments.
The true craftsman also knows that tools are dangerous if misused or abused.
Reading this operator's manual before using the welder will enable you to do a
better, safer job. Learn the welder's applications and limitations as well as
the specific potential hazards peculiar to welding.
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
READ ALL SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY before attempting to
install, operate, or service this welder. Failure to comply with these instructions
could result In personal injury and/or property damage.
RETAIN THESE INSTRUCTIONS FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
NOTE:
The following safety alert symbols identify important safety messages in
this manual. When you see one of the symbols
shown here, be alert to the possibility of personal injury and carefully read the message that follows.
This symbol indicates that the possibility of electric shock hazard exists during the
operation of the step(s) that follow.
This symbol indicates that the possibility of fire hazard exists during the operation of the
step(s) that follow.
This symbol indicates that the helmet must be worn during
the step(s) that follow to protect against eye damage
and burns due to flash hazard.
This symbol indicates that the possibility of toxic gas hazard
exists during operation of the step(s) that follow.
This symbol indicates that the possibility of being burned by hot slag exists during
operation of the step(s) that follow.
This symbol indicates that the eye protection should be worn to protect against flying debris in the following step(s).
This symbol indicates that the possibility of injury or death exists due to improper handling and maintenance of compressed gas cylinders or
regulators
Published standards on safety are available. They are listed in
ADDITIONAL SAFETY
INFORMATION at the end of this SAFETY SUMMARY.
The National Electrical Code, Occupational Safety and Health Act
regulations, local industrial codes and
local inspection requirements also provide a basis for equipment installation, use, and service.
SHOCK HAZARDS
WARNING
Electric shock can kill! To reduce
the risk of death or serious injury from shock, read, understand, and follow
the following safety instructions. In addition, make certain that anyone else who uses this welding equipment, or who is a bystander in the welding area understands and follows these safety instructions as
well.
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* IMPORTANT! TO REDUCE THE
RISK OF DEATH, INJURY, OR PROPERTY DAMAGE, DO NOT
A-I-I-EMPT OPERATION of this welding equipment until you have read
and understand the following safety summary.
Do not, in any manner, come into physical contact with any part of the
welding current circuit. The welding current circuit includes:
a. the work piece or any
conductive material in contact with it,
b. the ground clamp, c. the electrode or welding rod, d. any metal parts on the electrode
holder.
Do not weld in a damp area or come in contact with a moist or wet surface.
Do not attempt to weld if any part of
clothing or body is wet.
Do not allow the welding equipment to
come in contact with water or
moisture. Do not drag welding cables, wire feed
gun, or welder power cord through or allow them to come into contact with
water or moisture.
Do not touch welder, attempt to turn
welder on or off if any part of the body or clothing is moist or if you are in
physical contact with water or moisture.
Do not attempt to plug the welder into
the power source if any part of body or clothing is moist, or if you are in
physical contact with water or moisture.
Do not connect welder ground clamp
to or weld on electrical conduit.
Do not alter power cord or power cord plug in any way.
Do not attempt to plug the welder into
the power source if the ground prong on power cord plug is bent over,
broken off, or missing.
Do not allow the welder to be
connected to the power source or attempt to weld if the welder, welding
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cables, welding site, or welder power cord are exposed to any form of atmospheric precipitation, or salt
water spray.
Do not carry coiled welding cables around shoulders, or any other part of
the body, when they are plugged into the welder.
Do not modify any wiring, ground connections, switches, or fuses in this
welding equipment.
Wear welding gloves to help insulate hands from welding circuit.
Keep all liquid containers far enough away from the welder and work area so that if spilled, the liquid can not possibly come in contact with any part of the welder or electrical welding
circuit. Replace any cracked or damaged
parts that are insulated or act as insulators such as welding cables, power cord, or electrode holder
IMMEDIATELY.
FLASH HAZARDS
WARNING
ARC RAYS CAN INJURE EYES AND
BURN SKIN! To reduce risk of injury
from arc rays, read, understand, and follow the following safety instructions. In addition, make certain that anyone else
that uses this welding equipment, or is a bystander in the welding area,
understands and follows these safety instructions as well.
Do not look at an electric arc without proper protection. A welding arc is
extremely bright and intense and, with inadequate or no eye protection, the retina can be burned, leaving a permanent dark spot in the field of
vision. A shield or helmet with a
number 10 shade filter lens (minimum) must be used.
Do not strike a welding arc until all bystanders and you (the welder) have
welding shields and/or helmets in
place.
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Do notweara crackedor broken helmetand replaceanycracked or
brokenfilter lensesIMMEDIATELY.
Do not allowtheuninsulatedportionof thewire feedgun totouchthe ground clampor groundedworkto preventan arcflash frombeingcreatedon
contact.
Providebystanderswithshieldsor
helmetsfittedwitha #10 shadefilter
lens. Wear protectiveclothing.The intense
lightof theweldingarccanburnthe skin in muchthesamewayas the
sun, eventhroughlight-weight clothing.Wear dark clothingof heavy
material.Theshirtworn shouldbe
longsleevedandthecollarkept
buttonedto protectchestand neck.
ProtectagainstREFLECTEDARC
RAYS.Arc rayscan be reflectedoff shinysurfacessuch as a glossy
paintedsurface,aluminum,stainless steel,andglass.It is possibleforyour
eyes to be injuredby reflectedarc
raysevenwhen wearinga protective
helmetorshield. If weldingwith a
reflectivesurfacebehindyou, arc rays can bounceoff the surface,then off thefilterlenson the insideof your
helmetorshield,then intoyour eyes.
Ifa reflectivebackgroundexistsin your weldingarea,eitherremoveit or cover it withsomethingnon-flammable and non-reflective.Reflectedarc rays
can alsocauseskin burninadditionto eye injury.
FIRE HAZARDS
WARNING
FIRE OR EXPLOSION CAN CAUSE DEATH, INJURY, AND PROPERTY DAMAGE! To reduce risk of death,
injury, or property damage from fire or explosion, read, understand, and follow
the following safety instructions. In addition, make certain that anyone else
that uses this welding equipment, or is a bystander in the welding area,
understands and follows these safety
instructions as well. REMEMBER! Arc welding by nature produces sparks, hot
spatter, molten metal drops, hot slag, and hot metal parts that can start fires,
burn skin, and damage eyes.
Do not wear gloves or other clothing that contain oil, grease, or other
flammable substances.
Do not wear flammable hair preparations.
Do not weld in an area until it is checked and cleared of combustible and/or flammable materials. BE
AWARE that sparks and slag can fly
35 feet and can pass through small cracks and openings. If work and
combustibles cannot be separated by a minimum of 35 feet, protect against
ignition with suitable, snug-fitting, fire resistant, covers or shields.
Do not weld on walls until checking for
and removing combustibles touching
the other side of the walls.
Do not weld, cut, or perform other
such work on used barrels, drums,
tanks, or other containers that had
contained a flammable or toxic substance. The techniques for
removing flammable substances and vapors, to make a used container safe for welding or cutting, are quite
complex and require special education
and training.
Do not strike an arc on a compressed gas or air cylinder or other pressure
vessel. Doing so will create a brittle
area that can result in a violent rupture immediately or at a later time as a result of rough handling.
Do not weld or cut in an area where
the air may contain flammable dust
(such as grain dust), gas, or liquid
vapors (such as gasoline).
Do not handle hot metal, such as the
workpiece or electrode stubs, with
bare hands.
Wear leather gloves, heavy long
sleeve shirt, cuffless trousers, high-
topped shoes, helmet, and cap. As
necessary, use additional protective clothing such as leather jacket or
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sleeves, fire resistant leggings, or apron. Hot sparks or metal can lodge
in rolled up sleeves, trouser cuffs, or pockets. Sleeves and collars should be kept buttoned and pockets
eliminated from the shirt front.
Have fire extinguishing equipment handy for immediate use! A portable
chemical fire extinguisher, type ABC,
is recommended.
Wear ear plugs when welding overhead to prevent spatter or slag from falling into ear.
Make sure welding area has a good, solid, safe floor, preferably concrete or
masonry, not tiled, carpeted, or made
of any other flammable material.
Protect flammable walls, ceilings, and floors with heat resistant covers or
shields. Check welding area to make sure it is
free of sparks, glowing metal or slag, and flames before leaving the welding area.
FUME HAZARDS
WARNING
FUMES, GASSES, AND VAPORS CAN CAUSE DISCOMFORT, ILLNESS, AND
DEATH! To reduce risk of discomfort,
illness, or death, read, understand, and follow the following safety instructions. In
addition, make certain that anyone else that uses this welding equipment or is a
bystander in the welding area, understands and follows these safety
instructions as well.
Do not weld in an area until it is checked for adequate ventilation as
described in ANSI standard #Z49.1. If ventilation is not adequate to
exchange all fumes and gasses generated during the welding process with fresh air, do not weld unless you
(the welder) and all bystanders are
wearing air-supplied respirators.
Do not heat metals coated with, or that contain, materials that produce toxic fumes (such as galvanized
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steel), unless the coating is removed. Make certain the area is well
ventilated, and the operator and all
bystanders are wearing air-supplied respirators.
Do not weld, cut, or heat lead, zinc, cadmium, mercury, beryllium, or
similar metals without seeking professional advice and inspection of
the ventilation of the welding area. These metals produce EXTREMELY TOXIC fumes which can cause
discomfort, illness, and death.
Do not weld or cut in areas that are near chlorinated solvents. Vapors from
chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as
trichloroethylene and
perchloroethylene, can be decomposed by the heat of an electric
arc or its ultraviolet radiation. These actions can cause PHOSGENE, a
HIGHLY TOXIC gas to form, along
with other lung and eye-irritating
gasses. Do not weld or cut where
these solvent vapors can be drawn
into the work area or where the ultraviolet radiation can penetrate to
areas containing even very small amounts of these vapors.
Do not weld in a confined area unless it is being ventilated or the operator
(and anyone else in the area) is
wearing an air-supplied respirator.
Stop welding if you develop momentary eye, nose, or throat irritation as this indicates inadequate
ventilation. Stop work and take
necessary steps to improve ventilation in the welding area. Do not resume
welding if physical discomfort persists.
ADDITIONAL SAFETY INFORMATION
For additional information concerning
welding safety, refer to the following standards and comply with them as
applicable.
ANSI Standard Z49.1 -- SAFETY IN
WELDING AND CUTTING --
obtainable from the American Welding Society, 550 NW Le Jeune Road,
Miami, FL 33126 Telephone (800)
443-9353, Fax (305) 443-7559 - www.amweld.org or www.aws.org
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ANSI StandardZ87.1-- SAFE PRACTICEFOROCCUPATIONAND EDUCATIONALEYEAND FACE PROTECTION-- obtainablefromthe
AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute,
11West42ndSt., New York, NY
10036 Telephone (212) 642-4900, Fax (212) 398-0023 - www.ansi.org
NFPA Standard 51B -- CUTTING
AND WELDING PROCESS -- obtainable from the National Fire
Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101,
Quincy, MA 02269-9101 Telephone
(617) 770-3000, Fax (617) 770-0700
- www.nfpa.org
OSHA Standard 29 CFR, Part 1910, Subpart Q., WELDING, CUTTING
AND BRAZING -- obtainable from your state OSHA office or U. S. Dept.
of Labor OSHA, Office of Public Affairs, Room N3647, 200 Constitution Ave. NW Washhington, DC 20210 - www.osha.gov
CSA Standard W117.2 -- Code for SAFETY IN WELDING AND
CUI-rlNG.- obtainable from Canadian Standards Association, 178
Rexdale Blvd. Etobicoke, Ontario M9W 1R3 - www.csa.ca
American Welding Society Standard A6.0. WELDING AND CUI-FING
CONTAINERS WHICH HAVE HELD COMBUSTIBLES. -- obtainable from
the American Welding Society, 550
NW Le Jeune Road, Miami, FL 33126
Telephone (800) 443-9353, Fax (305) 443-7559 - www.amweld.org or www.aws.org
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The following procedures describe the process required to assemble, install,
maintain, and prepare to weld with your new wire feed 80 amp ac welder•
UNPACKING THE WELDER
1. Remove any cartons or bags containing parts/accessories.
2. Open the cartons or bags packed with your welder and inspect their
contents for damage• Report any missing or damaged items
immediately•
3. Layout the parts and compare them to the illustrations in Figure 1 and
the packing list in Table 1 to familiarize yourself with the parts
and what they are called• This will help you when reading the manual•
4. Grasp the top handle of the welder and lift the welder out of the carton•
Welding Wire
PACKING LIST
Table 1 contains a list of the items you will find packed in the carton•
Table 1. Packing List
PART NO. ITEM QTY.
Welder 1
332-239-000 Face Shield 1
Face Shield Handle 1
Handle Screws 3 Shaded Lens 1 Clear Lens 1
930-405-000 Parts Bag 1 334-160-000 Contact Tip, 0.030 2
334-203-000 Nozzle 1 331-469-001 Wire .030 Fluxcore (1/2#)
804-502-000 Card, Registration 1 811-597-000 Manual, Instruction 1
Weld Gun Nozzle
Face Shield
Contact Tip
Figure 1. Welder Parts/Accessories
ASSEMBLE THE FACE SHIELD
.
Press one of the lens retainer tabs (located in the rectangular lens
cavity inside the face shield) toward the center of the lens cavity and lift
the retainer out of the cavity (may
require the use of a straight blade
screw driver to pry the tab).
Insert the clear plastic lens then the
shaded lens into the rectangular
lens cavity in the face shield• The lenses are put in from the inside
and the clear lens goes in first to
protect the shaded lens. Insert the lens retainer in place behind the
shaded lens and snap the tabs into the holding slots at the ends of the
lens cavity to secure the lenses in place•
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. Place the face shield handle over
the mating holes in the face shield and use the provided handle screws
to mount the face shield handle to the face shield.
POWER SOURCE
CONNECTION
WARNING
High voltage danger from power source! Consult a qualified
electrician for proper installation of receptacle at the power source.
This welder must be grounded while in use to protect the operator from
electrical shock. If you are not sure if your outlet is properly grounded, have
it checked by a qualified electrician. Do not cut off the grounding prong or
alter the plug in any way and do not
use any adapters between the
welder's power cord and the power
source receptacle. Make sure the POWER switch is OFF then connect your welder's power cord
to a properly grounded 120 Vac, 60 Hz, single phase, 15 amp power source. Do
not operate this welder if the source voltage is less than 105 Vac or greater
than 132 Vac. Contact a qualified electrician if this problem exists. Improper performance and/or damage to
the welder will result if operated on inadequate or excessive power.
EXTENSION CORDS For optimum welder performance, an
extension cord should not be used unless absolutely necessary. If
necessary, care must be taken in selecting an extension cord appropriate for use with your specific welder.
Select a properly grounded extension cord that will mate directly with the ac
power source receptacle and the welder power cord without the use of adapters.
Make certain that the extension cord is properly wired and in good electrical
condition.
Extension cords must fit the following
wire size guidelines:
0-25 ft. requires #12 gauge
Do not use an extension cord over 25 ft. in length
SELECTING THE WELDING WIRE
This welder uses only four inch spools of
0.030 inch (0.8mm) self shielding flux-
core wire, AWS classification number
E71T-GS. Steel from 18 gauge up to 3/16 inch thick can be welded with this wire.
NOTE:
Metal thinner than 18 gauge cannot
be welded with this machine.
Attempting to do so will cause burn through (blowing holes) in the metal you are intending to weld.
If a spool has developed heavy
oxidation, the only solution to the problem is to discard the spool of wire.
If you have an oxidized spool of wire, do not discard it until you have unspooled a
few turns of wire to see if the wire further down on the spool is in usable condition,
if not, - discard the spool.
INSTALL THE WELDING WIRE
WARNING
Electric shock can kill! Always turn the
POWER switch OFF and unplug the welder's power cord from the ac power
source before installing wire.
1.
.
.
Remove the nozzle and contact tip
from the end of the gun assembly.
Remove the drive tension by unscrewing (ALL THE WAY in a
counter-clockwise direction) the tension adjusting screw.
Unwrap the spool of wire then find
the leading end of the wire (it goes through a hole in the outer edge of the spool and is bent over the
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.
(
spool edge to prevent the wire from unspooling) BUT DO NOT
UNHOOK IT YET. Place the spool on the spindle in
such a manner that when the wire comes off the spool, it will look like
the top illustration in Figure 2.
Right
Way
o
Wrong
Way
Figure 2. Proper wire Installation
.
Adjust the drive brake hardware on the top of the spool of wire (see
Figure 3).
a. With one hand, turn the wire
spool and continue turning it while adjusting the tension.
b. With your free hand, tighten
(turn clockwise) the wing nut.
c. Stop tightening when drag is
felt on the wire spool that you are turning, then stop hand turning the wire spool.
ii
.
.
.
.
10.
11.
Figure 3. Drive Brake Assembly
Adjust the drive brake tension. The
purpose of the drive brake is to
cause the spool of wire to stop turning at nearly the same moment
that wire feeding stops. After checking to make sure that
your welder is disconnected from the ac power source, free the
leading end of the wire from the spool, but do not let go of it until told to do so, or the wire will unspool
itself.
Using a wire cutter, cut the bent end off the leading end of the wire so
that only a straight leading end
remains.
Hold the tension arm up off the drive roller and insert the leading end of the wire into the inlet guide
tube. Then push it across the drive
roller and into the gun assembly about six inches.
Line the wire up in the outside groove of the drive roller, then allow
the drive tension arm to drop onto the drive roller.
Tighten (turn clockwise) the tension adjusting screw until the tension
roller is applying enough force on the wire to prevent it from slipping out of the drive assembly.
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12.
13.
Let go of the wire. Plug the welder's power cord into
the ac power source. Adjust the
HEAT selection switches, on the front of the welder, to any of the four heat settings.
WARNING
ARC RAYS CAN INJURE EYES!
To reduce the risk of arc flash, make certain that the welding wire, when it
finally comes out of the end of the gun, does not touch the ground clamp or any grounded piece of metal. IMPORTANT! The welding wire is carrying welding current
whenever the welder is turned on-- WHETHER THE TRIGGER IS PULLED OR NOT!
14. Pull the trigger on the welding gun to feed the wire through the gun
assembly.
15. When at least an inch of wire sticks out past the end of the gun, release
the trigger.
16. Install the supplied 0.030 inch
(0.8mm) size contact tip.
17. Slide the contact tip over the wire
(protruding from the end of the
gun). Screw the contact tip into the end of the gun and hand tighten
securely.
18. Install the nozzle on the gun assembly.
19. Cut off the excess wire that extends past the end of the nozzle.
20. Set the wire drive tension.
WARNING
ARC RAYS CAN INJURE EYES! To reduce the risk of arc flash, make
certain that the wire coming out of the end of the gun does not come in contact with the ground clamp or any grounded material during the drive tension setting process or arcing will
occur.
a.
b.
Pull the trigger on the gun.
Turn the drive tension
adjustment knob clockwise, increasing the drive tension
until the wire seems to feed smoothly with out slipping.
NOTE: If TOO MUCH tension is
applied, the wire will slip on the drive roller or will not be
able to be fed at all. If TOO
LITTLE tension is applied,
the spool of wire will want to unspool itself. Readjust the
drive brake tension as necessary to correct for
either problem.
c. Block the end of the nozzle by
holding it up against something that doesn't conduct electricity, such as a
block of wood or a concrete
floor, then trigger the gun
again, the wire should slip at the drive roller. However, if the wire bird-nests at the drive
roller, rethread the drive
system using less drive tension and try again.
When the drive tension is set correctly, there should be no slippage between the
wire and the drive roller. But if an obstruction occurs along the wire feed
path, the wire should then slip on the drive roller.
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DESCRIPTION
Your new Wire Feed welder is designed for maintenance and sheet metal
fabrication. The welder consists of a single-phase power transformer, and a
unique built-in control/feeder. This welder is capable of welding with 0.030 inch self-shielding flux-core wire.
Now you can weld 18 gauge sheet metal up to 3/16 inch with a single pass.
You can weld 1/4 inch steel with beveling and multiple pass techniques.
Table 2 lists your wire feed welder specifications.
Table 2. Welder Specifications
Primary (input) volts
Welding Range
Primary (inputs) Amps Phase
Frequency Secondary (output) volts Secondary (output) amps Duty Cycle Rating at 80 amps
Open Circuit Volts (Max.)
120 Vac
60 - 120 Amps
20
Single
60 Hz
17
80
20%
25 Vac
OPERATING THE WELDER
DUTY CYCLE
The duty cycle rating of a welder defines how long the operator can weld and how
long the welder must be rested and cooled. Duty cycle is expressed as a percentage of 10 minutes and
represents the maximum welding time allowed. The balance of the 10 minute
cycle is required for cooling. Your new welder has a duty cycle rating
of 20% at the CSA rated output of 80 amps. This means that you can weld for
two (2) minutes out of 10 with the remaining eight (8) minutes required for cooling. (See the table 3.)
Table 3. Duty Cycle Ratings
Duty Maximum Required
Cycle Welding Resting
Rating Time Time
20% 2 minutes 8 minutes 40% 4 minutes 6 minutes
60% 6 minutes 4 minutes 80% 8 minutes 2 minutes
100% 10 minutes 0 minutes
CAUTION
Do not constantly exceed the duty
cycle or damage to this welder can
result.
INTERNAL THERMAL
PROTECTION
If you exceed the duty cycle of your
welder, the HIGH/LOW switch will illuminate, an internal thermal protector
will open and shut off all welder functions. After cooling, the thermal protector will automatically reset and the
welder will function normally again. CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
WARNING
ELECTRIC SHOCK CAN KILL!
To remove the risk of electric shock, be aware that the POWER switch, when OFF, does not remove power
from all internal circuitry in the welder.
The HIGH/LOW RANGE SWITCH controls the main power to the welder
lights up when the dugy cycle has been exceeded and selects the two main heat
ranges. When the switch is OFF, there
is still power to some areas of the welder. When working inside the welder or when removing panels on the welder,
make sure the welder is unplugged from the wall outlet.
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The MINIMAX SELECTOR allows you to select minimum and maximum heat
settings within the high and low ranges. Refer to the instruction label inside the
welder's hood for suggestions on which heat setting to use for your welding job.
PREPARATIONS FOR WELDING An important factor in making a
satisfactory weld is preparation. This includes studying the process and
equipment and then practice welding before attempting to weld finished product. An organized, safe, convenient,
comfortable, well-lighted work area should be available to the operator. The
work area should specifically be free of all flammables with both a fire
extinguisher and bucket of sand available.
To properly prepare for welding, it is necessary to:
Prepare an organized, well lighted work area (see Figure 4).
Provide protection for the eyes and skin of the operator and by-
bystanders.
Set up the work piece and make the ground clamp connection.
Select the electrode.
Adjust the heat control.
WARNING
Exposure to a welding arc is extremely harmful to the eyes and
skin. Prolonged exposure to a
welding arc can cause blindness and burns. Never strike an arc or begin welding unless you are adequately protected. Wear flameproof welding gloves, heavy long sleeved shirt, cuffless trousers, high topped shoes and a welding helmet.
,I 1
I \
Figure 4. Work Surface and
Equipment
SETTING UP THE WORK PIECE
WELDING POSITIONS
Welding with an ac wire welder can be done in any of three basic positions:
Flat, Horizontal, and Vertical. Flat welding is generally easier, faster and allows for better penetration. The heat
(amperage) selections will be affected by the positions. Vertical welding is
usually only attempted when using a dc welder. If possible, the work piece
should be positioned so that the bead will run on a flat surface.
PREPARING THE JOINT
For effective welding, the surfaces to be
joined must be free of dirt, rust, scale, oil
or paint. Welding on metals not properly cleaned will cause a brittle and porous
weld.
If the base metal pieces to be joined are thick or heavy, it may be necessary to bevel the edges, with a metal grinder, at the point of contact, as in Figure 5. The
angle of the bevel should be approximately 60 degrees.
INCORRECT
CORRECT
Figure 5. Workpiece Preparation
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WARNING
To help prevent eye injuries when
grinding, always wear goggles. The grinder must also be inspected to verify that it is in good condition.
See the chart, TYPES OF WELD JOINTS, in Figure 6, for detailed instructions for preparing the weld joint.
During the welding, the work pieces will become hot and will tend to expand. The
expansion may cause the pieces to shift from the regular position. If possible, the
work pieces should be clamped into the position they are to occupy when the
welding is completed.
WARNING
ARC RAYS CAN INJURE EYES AND BURN SKIN! To reduce the
risk of injury from arc rays, never strike a welding arc until you, and all bystanders in the welding area, have welding helmet or shield in place and are wearing the recommended protective clothing. DO NOT CONTINUE unless you have read,
understand and intend to follow the entire SAFETY SUMMARY provided
at the front of this manual. Ground Clamp Connection
The ground clamp connection is part of the current circuit. A poor connection at the ground clamp will waste power and
heat. Scrape away dirt, rust, scale, oil or paint. Make sure the ground clamp
touches the metal.
45° PLATE BUTT WELD JOINTS
37.5 °
SINGLE BEVEL JOINT JOINT
DOUBLE BEVEL JOINT
60 ° PLATE
SINGLE V JOINT
60°
i_PLATE .,,..
DOUBLE V JOINT
j 60_..
3/32" TO 1/8" 1/8" X Y VEE JOINT
I -"11"- 1/16"TO
OLOSEDJOINT
6oo II 6o°
_f _-/ OPEN JOINT l SHOULDER EDGE "x_ "_
..... _)( 1/4,,ORMORE
FEATHER EDGE
DOUBLE VEE JOINT 1/8" OR MORE
I _ILLET WELD JOINTS
SINGLE FILLET T-JOINT DOUBLE FILLET T-JOINT
SINGLE STRAP JOINT DOUBLE STRAP JOINT
14
Figure 6. Types of Weld Joints
Page 15
GET TO KNOW YOUR WELDER
Whether you have welded before or not, it is important that you become familiar with your new welder, its controls, and
the results achieved at different settings. We strongly recommend that you
practice your new welder on scrap metal trying different heat settings, base metal
thicknesses, and welding positions for each type. By doing this you will gain a feel for how changes in these welding
variables affect the weld. The self taught welder learns through a
process of trial and error. The best way to teach yourself how to weld is with
short periods of practice at regular intervals. All practice welds should be
done on scrap metal that can be discarded. Do not attempt to make any repairs on valuable equipment until you
have satisfied yourself that your practice welds are of good appearance and free
of slag or gas inclusions. What you fail to learn through practice will be learned
through mistakes and re-welds later on. HOLDING THE GUN
The best way to hold the welding gun is the way that feels most comfortable to
you. While practicing to use your new welder, experiment holding the gun in different positions until you find the one
that seems to work best for you. Position The Gun To The Workpiece
There are two angles of the gun nozzle in relation to the work piece that must be
considered when welding.
1. Angle A (Figure 7) can be varied, but in most cases the optimum
angle will be 60 degrees. The point at which the gun handle is parallel
to the work piece. If angle A is increased, penetration will increase.
If angle A is decreased, penetration
will decrease also.
m m m
Angle A
Figure 7. Gun Position, Angle A
.
Angle B (Figure 8) can be varied for two reasons: to improve the ability
to see the arc in relation to the weld
puddle and to direct the force of the
arc.
I I
Angle B
Figure 8. Gun Position, Angle B
The force of the welding arc follows a straight line out of the end of the nozzle.
If angle B is changed, so will the
direction of arc force and the point at which penetration will be concentrated.
On a butt weld joint, the only reason to vary angle B from perpendicular
(straight up) to the work piece would be
to improve visibility of the weld puddle.
In this case, angle B can be varied
anywhere from zero to 45 degrees with 30 degrees working about the best.
On a fillet weld joint, the nozzle is generally positioned in such a manner
so as to split the angle between the horizontal and vertical members of the
weld joint. In most cases, a fillet weld will be 45 degrees.
15
Page 16
Distance From The Workpiece
The end of the welding gun is designed with the contact tip recessed from the
end of the nozzle and the nozzle electrically insulated from the rest of the
gun. This permits the operator to actually rest the nozzle on the work piece and drag it along while welding.
This can be very helpful to beginning welders to steady the gun, allowing the
welder to concentrate on welding technique. If the nozzle is held off the
work piece, the distance between the nozzle and the work piece should be 1/4 inch to 3/8 inch depending on the gauge
of the metal and the amount of penetration desired. Moving closer to the
workpiece increases penetration. Moving away from the workpiece
decreases penetration. The correct distance must still be maintained, or the arc may begin sputtering, signaling a
loss in welding performance. LAYING A BEAD
WARNING
EXPOSURE TO A WELDING ARC IS EXTREMELY HARMFUL TO THE
EYES AND SKIN! Prolonged exposure to the welding arc can
cause blindness and burns. Never strike an arc or begin welding until
you are adequately protected. Wear flameproof welding gloves, A heavy
long sleeved shirt, cuffless trousers, high topped shoes and a welding
helmet.
WARNING
ELECTRIC SHOCK CAN KILL! To
prevent ELECTRIC SHOCK, do not perform any welding while standing, kneeling, or lying directly on the grounded work.
TYPES OF WELD BEADS
The following paragraphs discuss the most commonly used arc welding
beads. IMPORTANT! The wire in this welder is
always electrically energized whenever the power is ON and will arc whenever
brought into contact with any electrically conductive materials that the ground
clamp of the welder is connected to or with which it is in contact. Therefore, it is
best to clip the wire back to the contact tip so that you don't create an arc when
lining up on the seam to be welded. Once you have the gun in position with
the wire lined up on the weld joint, cover your face with the face shield, pull the trigger and the arc will start. In a second
or two you will notice a weld puddle form and the base of the bead beginning to
build. It is now time to begin to travel with the gun. If you are just learning to
weld, travel by simply dragging the gun in a straight line and at a steady speed along the weld joint. Try to achieve a
weld with the desired penetration and a bead that is fairly flat and consistent in
width.
16
Page 17
As you become more familiar with your new welder and better at laying some
simple weld beads, you can begin to try some different welding techniques to
improve, and add versatility to your welding skills.
TRAVELING THE GUN
Gun travel refers to the movement of the gun along the weld joint and is broken
into two elements: Direction and Speed. A solid weld bead requires that the
welding gun be moved steadily and at the right speed along the weld joint. Moving the gun too fast, too slow, or
erratically will prevent proper fusion or create a lumpy, uneven bead.
1. TRAVEL DIRECTION is the direction the gun is moved along
the weld joint in relation to the weld puddle. The gun is either PUSHED
(see Figure 9) into the weld puddle
or PULLED away from the weld puddle.
Figure 9. Gun Travel Direction
For most welding jobs you will pull the gun along the weld joint to take
advantage of the greater weld puddle visibility. However, there are a few
applications where pushing the gun may provide some advantages:
VERTICAL WELDING can be done by starting at the top of a weld joint and
pulling the gun down toward the bottom. However, in the event that puddle
control becomes difficult (such as the puddle wanting to run downward), starting a vertical weld at the bottom of a
weld joint and pushing the gun up toward the top will help to overcome this
problem.
2. TRAVEL SPEED is the rate at which the gun is being pushed or pulled
along the weld joint. For a fixed
heat setting, the faster the travel
speed, the lower the penetration and the lower and narrower the
finished weld bead. Likewise, the slower the travel speed, the deeper the penetration and the higher and
wider the finished weld bead.
TYPES OF WELD BEADS
,
The STRINGER BEAD (Figure 10)
is formed by traveling with the gun in a straight line while keeping the
wire and nozzle centered over the weld joint. This is the easiest type of
bead to make and is the type you have been using up to this point.
,
Figure 10. Stringer Weld Bead
The WEAVE BEAD (Figure 11)is
used when you want to deposit metal over a wider space than
would be possible with a stringer
bead. It is made by weaving from
side to side while traveling with the gun. It is best to hesitate
momentarily at each side before
weaving back the other way.
Figure 11. Weave Weld Bead
17
Page 18
WELDING POSITIONS
There are three basic welding positions: flat, horizontal, and vertical.
.
The FLAT POSITION (Figure 12) is the easiest of the welding positions
and is probably the one you have been using thus far. It is best if you can weld in the flat position if at all
possible as good results are easier to achieve.
.
Figure 12. Flat Position Weld
The HORIZONTAL POSITION
(Figure 13) is next in difficulty level. It is performed very much the same
as the flat weld except that angle B
(see POSITION OF THE GUN TO THE WORK PIECE, above) is such that the wire, and therefore the arc
force, is directed more toward the metal above the weld joint. This is
to help prevent the weld puddle from running downward while still
allowing slow enough travel speed to achieve good penetration. A good
starting point for angle B is about 30 degrees DOWN from being
perpendicular to the work piece.
Figure 13. Horizontal Position Weld
.
The VERTICAL POSITION (Figure
14) is the next most difficult position. Pulling the gun from top to
bottom may be easier for many people, but in some instances it can
be difficult to prevent the puddle
from running downward. Pushing the gun from bottom to top may
provide better puddle control and
allow slower rates of travel speed to achieve deeper penetration. When vertical welding, angle B (see
POSITION OF GUN TO THE
WORK PIECE, above) is usually always kept at zero, but angle A will
generally range from 45 to 60 degrees to provide better puddle
control.
Figure 14. Vertical Position Weld
18
Page 19
MULTIPLE PASS WELDING
Butt Weld Joints. In PREPARING THE
WORK PIECE, we discussed the need for edge preparation on thicker materials by grinding a bevel on the edge of one
or both pieces of the metal being joined. When this is done, a V is created,
between the two pieces of metal, that will have to be welded closed. In most
cases more than one pass or bead will need to be rayed into the joint to close the V. Laying more than one bead into
the same weld joint is known as a multiple-pass weld.
NOTE: WHEN USING SELF-
SHIELDING FLUX-CORE WIRE it is very important to
thoroughly chip and brush the slag off each completed
weld bead before making another pass or the next
pass will be of poor quality.
The illustrations in Figure 15 show the sequence for laying multiple pass beads into a single V butt joint.
Root Pass
Pass
Figure 15. Triple Pass V Butt Joint
Most fillet weld joints, on metals of moderate to heavy thickness, will require
multiple pass welds to produce a strong joint. The illustrations in Figure 16 show the sequence of laying multiple pass
beads into a T fillet joint and a lap fillet joint.
Lap Joint Welded
In Three Passes
Figure 16. Triple Pass Lap And T
Weld Joint
SPECIAL WELDING
METHODS
SPOT WELDING
The purpose of a spot weld is to join pieces of metal together with a spot of
weld instead of a continuous weld bead. There are three methods of spot
welding: Burn-Through, Punch and Fill, and Lap (see Figure 17). Each has
advantages and disadvantages depending on the specific application as
well as personal preference.
PUNCHANDFILL
BURNTHROUGH
LAPSPOT
Figure 17. Spot Weld Methods
1. The BURN-THROUGH METHOD welds two overlapped pieces of
metal together by burning through
the top piece and into the bottom
piece.
0.030 inch self-shielding flux-core wire should not be used with the burn-
through method unless the metal is
19
Page 20
VERY thin or excessive filler metal build-up and minimal penetration is
acceptable• Always select the HIGH heat setting with
the burn-through method prior to making a spot weld.
2• The PUNCH AND FILL METHOD
produces a weld with the most
finished appearance of the three
spot weld methods. In this method, a hole is punched or drilled into the
top piece of metal and the arc is directed through this hole to
penetrate into the bottom piece. The puddle is allowed to fill up the
hole leaving a spot weld that is smooth and flush with the surface of
the top piece.
Select the, heat setting, as if you were welding the same thickness material
with a continuous bead.
3. The LAP SPOT METHOD directs the welding arc to penetrate the
bottom and top pieces, at the same time, right along each side of the
lap joint seam.
Select the heat setting as if you were welding the same thickness material
with a continuous bead.
SPOT WELDING INSTRUCTIONS
Select the heat setting recommended above for the
method of spot welding you intend
to use.
.
.
Hold the nozzle piece completely perpendicular to and about 1/4 inch
off the work piece•
Pull the trigger on the gun and release it when it appears that the
desired penetration has been achieved.
.
.
Make practice spot welds on scrap
metal, varying the length of time you hold the trigger, until a desired spot weld is made.
Make spot welds on the actual work
piece at desired locations.
20
Page 21
GENERAL MAINTENANCE
This welder has been engineered to give many years of trouble-free service
providing that a few very simple steps are taken to properly maintain it.
1. Keep the wire drive compartment lid closed at all times unless the wire
needs to be changed or the drive tension needs adjusting.
2. Keep all consumables (contact tips, nozzles, and gun liner) clean and
replace when necessary. See
CONSUMABLE MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING later in
this section for detailed information.
.
.
Replace power cord, ground cable, ground clamp, or gun assembly
when damaged or worn.
Periodically clean dust, dirt, grease,
etc. from your welder. Every six months or as necessary, remove
the side panels from the welder and air-blow any dust and dirt that may
have accumulated inside the welder.
WARNING
ELECTRIC SHOCK CAN KILL! To
reduce the risk of electric shock, always unplug the welder from its ac
power source before removing side panels.
MAINTENANCE AND CLEANING
IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO MAINTAIN THE CONSUMABLES TO AVOID THE
NEED FOR PREMATURE REPLACEMENT OF THE GUN ASSEMBLY.
CAUTION
KEEP THE NOZZLE CLEAN! During the welding process, spatter
and slag will build up inside the nozzle and must be cleaned out
periodically. Failure to clean and/or
replace the nozzle in a timely
fashion WILL CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE FRONT-END OF THE GUN
ASSEMBLY, which is NOT
REPLACEABLE. The results of the
inaction will REQUIRE THE
REPLACEMENT OF THE ENTIRE
GUN ASSEMBLY.
1. Stop welding and clean any accumulated slag or spatter from
the nozzle every 5 to 10 minutes of welding time.
2. When welding overhead, if any molten metal drips from the weld
puddle and falls into the nozzle, STOP WELDING IMMEDIATELY
and clean the nozzle.
.
If the slag cannot be thoroughly
cleaned from the nozzle, REPLACE THE NOZZLE!
Failure to keep the nozzle adequately
cleaned can result in the following problems:
A SHORTED nozzle results when spatter buildup bridges the insulation in
the nozzle allowing welding current to flow through it as well as the contact tip.
When shorted, a nozzle will steal welding current from the wire whenever
it contacts the grounded work piece. This causes erratic welds and reduced
penetration. In addition, a shorted nozzle overheats the end of the gun which can
DAMAGE the front-end of the gun.
TESTING FOR A SHORTED
NOZZLE
Arcing between the nozzle and the work piece ALWAYS means the nozzle is
shorted, but this can be hard to detect through the lens of a welding helmet. The following testing method is another
way to tell if a nozzle is shorted. With the welder unplugged from the ac
power source, touch the probes of an ohmmeter or continuity tester to the end
of the contact tip and the outside of the
21
Page 22
nozzle. If there is any continuity at all, the nozzle IS shorted. Clean or replace
as needed. The following paragraphs describe the
procedures required to maintain and troubleshoot your welder.
MAINTAINING THE WELDER
Except for internal and external cleaning, cleaning the nozzle, and
occasionally retightening screws, there is no periodic maintenance
recommended for your welder.
TROUBLESHOOTING
The following TROUBLESHOOTING information is provided as a guide to
help resolve some of the more common problems that could be encountered.
Table 4 is a troubleshooting table provided to help you determine a
possible remedy when you are having a problem with your welder. This table
does not provide all possible solutions, only those possibilities considered to likely be common faults. The table
consists of a TROUBLE or symptom, a
POSSIBLE CAUSE for that symptom,
and a POSSIBLE REMEDY for that symptom.
22
Page 23
Table 4. Troubleshooting
TROUBLE POSSIBLE REMEDY
Dirty, porous brittle weld Clean or replace nozzle
Wire feed works but no arc
Arc works but not feeding wire.
Nothing works
Low output or non- penetrating weld.
Wire is birdnesting at the drive roller
Wire burns back to contact tip
Ground clamp and/or cable gets hot
Gun nozzle arcs to work surface
POSSIBLE CAUSE
Plugged welding nozzle
1. Bad ground or loose connection
2. Bad connection to gun or faulty gun
1. Faulty wire speed circuit board
2. No tension on the drive roller
3. Faulty drive motor (very rare)
1. Faulty trigger on gun
2. Faulty transformer (rare)
3. Exceeded duty cycle; thermal protector opened
1. Loose connection inside machine
2. Too long or improper extension cord
3. Wrong stype or size wire
4. Poor ground connection
5. Wrong size contact tip
6. Loose gun connection or faulty gun assembly
1. Too much tension on drive roller
2. Gun liner worn or damaged
3. Contact tip is clogged or damaged
4. Liner is stretched or is too long
1. Gun liner is worn or damaged
2. Liner stretched or is too long
3. Wrong size contact tip
4. contact tip clogged or damaged
Bad connection from cable to clamp
Slag buildup inside nozzle or nozzle is shorted
1. Check ground and connections tighten as necessary
2. Check connection to gun or replace gun
1. Replace wire speed circuit board
2. Adjust the drive tension
3. Replace drive motor
1. Replace trigger
2. Replace transformer
3. Allow welder to cool at least 10 minutes (observe
and maintain proper duty cycle)
1. Blow inside of machine out with compressed air, clean
and tighten all connections
2. See EXTENSION CORD USE in this manual
3. Use only 0.030 (0.8mm) E71T-GS self shielding flux-
core wire
4. Reposition clamp and check cable to clamp
connection
5. Use only 0.030 inch (0.8mm) contact tip
6. Tighten gun or replace gun
1. Adjust the drive tension see INSTALLING THE
WELDING WIRE
2. Replace gun
3. Replace contact tip
4. Trim liner to proper length
1. Replace gun
2. Trim liner for proper length
3. Use correct size contact tip
4. Replace contact tip
Tighten connection or replace cable
Clean or replace nozzle as needed
23
Page 24
Wire Feed
Motor
Wire Feed
Drive
Black
Gun Leads
Power
Cord
White
Black
Blacl_
White
White
Welding Gun
Yellow
Red
Wire Speed
Control
Low
Off
High
Min 1
Max 2
Switch
Ground Calmp
(Back View
Of Switch)
Transformer
24
Page 25
1117-o711
Page 26
Manufacturer warrants that it will repair, at no charge for parts or labor, the Welder or Welding Gun or Cables, proven defective in material or workmanship, during the following
time period(s) after date of original retail purchase:
For 5 Years: The Welders Transformer and Rectifier For 2 Years: The Entire Welder (excluding accessories packed with the welder)
For 1 Year: The Welder's Welding Gun
If after reasonable efforts by the manufacturer, the Welder or Welding Gun or Cables is/are deemed unrepairable, the manufacturer will, at its option, refund the original purchase price or
supplier replacement welder, or welding gun or cables (whichever is defective). This warranty extends to the Welder, the Welder(s) Transformer and Rectifier, and Welding Gun and Cables only and does not apply to any accessory items included with the product which are subject to wear from usage; the replacement or the repair of these items shall be at the expense of the owner.
This warranty does not extend to the following consumable parts. These parts are consumed in normal operation of Welders.
CONTACT TIPS, NOZZLES, GUN LINERS, DRIVE ROLLERS. In addition, this warranty does not extend to any damage caused by the untimely replacement
or maintenance of any of the above listed CONSUMABLE parts. THE TERMS OF THE MANUFACTURER'S LIMITED WARRANTY CONSTITUTE THE
BUYER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY. THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE LIMITED IN
DURATION TO THIS EXPRESS WARRANTY. AFTER 1/2/5 YEARS (AS APPLICABLE) FROM DATE OF PURCHASE, ALL RISK OF LOSS FROM WHATEVER REASON
SHALL BE PUT UPON THE PURCHASER. THE MANUFACTURER SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL AND
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES: THE MANUFACTURER'S LIABILITY, IF ANY, SHALL NEVER EXCEED THE PURCHASE
PRICE OF THIS MACHINE REGARDLESS OF WHETHER LIABILITY IS PREDICTED UPON BREACH OF WARRANTY (EXPRESS OR IMPLIED), NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY. This warranty extends to each person who acquires lawful ownership within 1/2/5 years
(as applicable) original retail purchase, but is void if the product has been abused, altered, misused or improperly packaged and damaged when returned for repair.
This warranty applies to the product only and does not apply to any accessory items included with the product which are subject to wear from usage; the replacement or repair of these items shall be at the expense of the owner.
Some states do not permit the limitation of warranties or limitation of consequential or incidental damages, so the above disclaimer and limitation may not apply to you. This
warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state.
TO OBTAIN SERVICES UNDER THIS WARRANTY For answers to questions concerning use, out-of-warranty service, or warranty/service
information on other Century products, contact:
Century Mfg. Co.
866-236-0044
© CMC 1999
26
Form 811-597-000 Rev. A
Page 27
117-071 (2171, 83071, 20101)
Item Lincoln Stock #
1
2 3
4 5 6
7
8
9
10
11 12
13 14
15 16
Not Shown
131-419-000
880-406-001
238-542-000
334-221-000
$27119
KP11-30, KH711
KP21T-50
$24355-3
880-459-666 312-076-666
Customer#
880-392-888 880-397-000
410-832-***
410-833-010
131-350-002
412-375-666
410-385-***
880-382-000 238-490-010
334-221-000
246258
246-405-000
43100,334-160-300,
KP2039-2B1, M15523
43480, 334-203-300,
KP1942-1, M15578
248-311-000 246-404-000
880-395-000 880-391-000 312-076-666
Description
Main weld transformer
Thermal breaker assy.
Base Drive deck
Wire tensioner kit
Fan motor bracket Hood
Drive motor & gearbox assy. Gun assy.
Black trigger for 238-490 Red trigger for 238-542
3 position switch
0.030 Contact Tips
KP45-40-15 KP1937-1
334-228-000
Model
117-071
Rated
Output
80 amp
Primary Input Input Plug
120V, 15 amp 15a
Steel welding nozzle Powercord
2 position switch Ground cable assy.
PCB, wire speed control
Spindle
G_uunnliner t
diffuser
10/20f2008
Duty Cycle at10%RatedOutput I
Voltage Settings Agency Listing Max Output
4 CSA 80 amps
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