C.E. Niehoff & Co. C702D Troubleshooting Guides
C702D Alternators
Troubleshooting Guide
Hazard Defi nitions
These terms are used to bring attention to presence of hazards of
various risk levels or to important information concerning product
life.
Indicates presence of hazards that
CAUTION
will or can cause minor personal
injury or property damage.
Indicates special instructions on
NOTICE
installation, operation or mainte nance that are important but not
related to personal injury hazards.
Table of Contents
Section A: Wiring Diagram ........................................... 2
Section B: Basic Troubleshooting ................................. 3
Section C: Advanced Troubleshooting .....................4 – 5
Battery Conditions
Until temperatures of electrical
NOTICE
system components stabilize, these
conditions may be observed during
cold-start voltage tests.
• Maintenance/Low Maintenance Battery
— Immediately after engine starts, system volts are
lower than regulator setpoint, amps are medium.
— 3–5 minutes into charge cycle, system volts
increase, amps decrease.
— 5–10 minutes into charge cycle, system volts
increase to, or near, regulator setpoint and amps
decrease to a minimum.
— Low maintenance battery has same characteristics
with slightly longer recharge times.
• Maintenance-free Battery
— Immediately after engine starts, system volts are
lower than regulator setpoint, low charging amps.
— Once charge cycle begins, low volts and low amps
are still present.
— After alternator energizes, voltage will increase
several tenths. Amps will increase gradually, then
quickly, to medium to high amps.
— F i n a l l y , v o l t s w i l l i n c r e a s e t o s e t p o i n t a n d a m p s w i l l
decrease.
The time it takes to reach optimum voltage and amperage will vary with engine speed, load, and ambient
temperature.
• High-cycle Maintenance-free Battery
These batteries respond better than standard maintenance-free. Charge acceptance of these batteries may
display characteristics similar to maintenance batteries.
• AGM (Absorbed Glass Mat) Maintenance-free Batter y
These dry-cell batteries respond better than standard
maintenance-free. If battery state of charge drops to
75% or less, batteries should be recharged to 95% or
higher separately from the engine’s charging system to
avoid damaging charging system components and to
provide best overall performance. Charge acceptance of
these batteries may display
maintenance batteries.
characteristics similar to
Battery Charge Volt and Amp Values
Volt and amp levels fluctuate depending on the battery state
of charge. If batteries are in a state of discharge—as after
extended cranking time to start the engine—system volts
will measure lower than the regulator setpoint after the
engine is restarted and system amps will measure higher.
This is a normal condition for the charging system; the
greater the battery discharge level, the lower the system
volts and the higher the system amps. The volt and amp
readings will change as batteries recover and become fully
charged: system volts will increase to regulator setpoint
and system amps will decrease to low level (depending on
other loads).
• Low Amps: Minimum or lowest charging system amp
value required to maintain battery state of charge,
obtained when testing the charging system with a fully
charged battery and no other loads applied. This value
will vary with battery type.
• Medium Amps: System amps value which can cause
the battery temperature to rise above adequate charging
temperature within 4-8 hours of charge time. To prevent battery damage, the charge amps should be
reduced when battery temperature rises. Check battery
manufacturer’s recommendations for proper charge
amp rates.
• High Amps: System amps value which can cause
the battery temperature to rise above adequate charging
temperature within 2-3 hours of charge time. To prevent battery damage, the charge amps should be
reduced when battery temperature rises. Check battery
manufacturer’s recommendations for proper charge
amp rates.
• Battery Voltage: Steady-state voltage value as mea-
sured with battery in open circuit with no battery load.
This value relates to battery state of charge.
• Charge Voltage: Voltage value obtained when the
charging system is operating. This value will be higher
than battery voltage and must never exceed the regulator voltage setpoint.
• B+ Voltage: Voltage value obtained when measuring
voltage at battery positive terminal or alternator B+
terminal.
• Surface Charge: Higher than normal battery voltage
occurring when the battery is disconnected from
battery charger. The surface charge must be removed
to determine true battery voltage and state of charge.
• Significant Magnetism: Change in strength or inten-
sity of a magnetic field present in alternator rotor shaft
when the field coil is energized. The magnetic field
strength when the field coil is energized should feel
stronger than when the field is not energized.
• Voltage Droop or Sag: Normal condition occurring
when the load demand on alternator is greater than
rated alternator output at given rotor shaft RPM.
TG65A
Page 1
Section A: Wiring Diagram
CEN C702D Alternator
Description and Operation
C702D 28 V, 350 A alternators are internally
rectified. All windings and current-transmitting
components are non-moving, so there are no brushes
or slip rings to wear out. Energize switch activates
regulator. Field coil is then energized. Regulator
maintains alternator output voltage at regulated
setting as vehicle electrical loads are switched on
and off. Alternator output current is self-limiting
and will not exceed rated capacity of alternator.
A2-332 regulator furnished with most units
has D+ terminal that can provide signal to
vehicle electrical system, confirming alternator
operation. Regulator also has a P terminal that
can provide an optional AC voltage tap.
Regulator also provides overvoltage
cutout (OVCO). Regulator also has a
tri-color LED (see page 4).
B+ Terminal
P Terminal
LED
B– Terminal
(either side)
Figure 1 — C702D
D+ Terminal
IGN Terminal
Page 2
Figure 2 — C702D Alternator with Regulator
TG65A
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