CEDAR DNS 4 Users Guide

DNS 4 dialogue noise suppressor

OWNER’S MANUAL

© 2022 CEDAR Audio Ltd

Manual version 1.00 September 2022

CEDAR DNS 4 dialogue noise suppressor

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CEDAR DNS 4 dialogue noise suppressor

Table of Contents

Introduction to the DNS 4 ................................................................................ 5

Safety instructions ........................................................................................ 6

Setting up the DNS 4 .......................................................................... 7

The front panel .......................................................................................... 12

The process page ........................................................................................ 14

The channel setup page ................................................................................ 16

The global setup page .................................................................................. 17

Using the DNS 4 .............................................................................. 19

Processing ................................................................................................ 20

Summary of operation .................................................................................. 22

Additional information ...................................................................... 23

Declaration of conformity ............................................................................. 25

3rd-party Licence ....................................................................................... 26

Contact information .................................................................................... 27

Specifications ............................................................................................ 28

Licence and limited warranty ......................................................................... 30

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CEDAR DNS 4 dialogue noise suppressor

Introduction to the DNS 4

The DNS 4 is a further development of the DNS technology introduced in our Academy

Award® winning DNS1000 and subsequent dialogue noise suppressors. Despite offering

four channels of noise suppression, it is small, light and portable, and its slick user-

interface allows users to obtain optimum results almost instantly and with the minimum

of effort. It also retains the near-zero latency of its predecessors and, with its 4-pin

12VDC power socket, it’s suitable for use in all live situations - not just on location and

for live-to-air broadcasting, but also for live sound in venues such as theatres, concert

halls, conferences venues, and places of worship.

Quality, speed and simplicity were paramount considerations when designing the DNS 4,

which offers the following:

■ Near zero latency

Its low latency ensures that there is no loss of lip-sync.

■

Flexibility

It’s able to handle a wide range of noise suppression requirements.

■ Speed and ease of use

Its carefully designed user-interface maximises speed and ease of use.

■ 12VDC power

It accepts power from industry standard adapters and power packs for use anywhere in

the world.

■

Powerful processors

The latest technology to ensure that it will handle the most complex processing

requirements.

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CEDAR DNS 4 dialogue noise suppressor

Safety instructions

Read these instructions, and follow them.

■ Water and moisture

The DNS 4 must not be exposed to rain or moisture. Furthermore, if it is brought directly

from a cold environment into a warm one, moisture may condense inside it. This, in

itself, will not cause damage, but may cause electrical shorting. This could damage the

unit, and even cause danger to life. Always allow the unit to reach ambient temperatures

naturally before connecting the mains power.

■ Mounting and ventilation

You should place the DNS 4 on a flat, stable surface or in a suitable equipment bag. Do

not subject it to strong sunlight, excessive dust, mechanical vibration or periodic shocks.

It is not susceptible to excessive heat build-up, but should be installed away from heat

sources such as radiators and audio devices that produce large amounts of heat.

■ Power sources

The DNS 4 operates on nominally 12VDC power, although it will operate on voltages in

the range from 8V – 17.5V. You should route power cables so that they will not be walked

on or pinched. Unplug the supply cord to isolate the external PSU from the mains supply

if it is not to be used for some time. Grasp the supply cord by the plug, never by the cord

itself.

■ Connections

Turn off the power to all equipment before making any connections. In order to comply

with EMC regulations, you must use metal-shelled connectors and good quality shielded

cable suitable for AES3 connections.

■ Cleaning

Clean the DNS 4 only with a dry cloth. Never use abrasive pads, water or liquid cleaners

such as alcohol or benzene.

■ Damage requiring service

The DNS 4 contains no user-serviceable parts and should on no account be opened or

dismantled by unauthorised personnel. A unit should be returned to qualified service

agents when it has been exposed to liquids, when it fails to function correctly, when it

has been dropped, or when the case is damaged.

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CEDAR DNS 4 dialogue noise suppressor

Setting up the DNS 4

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CEDAR DNS 4 dialogue noise suppressor

Unpacking

Unpack the DNS 4 carefully. Save the carton and all packing materials since you may need

them to transport the unit in the future. In addition to the DNS 4 and its packaging, the

box should contain the following:

•

12V DC power supply

•

start-up and safety instructions sheet

•

a warranty registration card

To maintain reliability and prolong operating life, observe the following environmental

considerations:

•

the temperature should be maintained between 5 and 30 Celsius

•

relative humidity should be in the range 30% to 80% non-condensing

•

strong magnetic fields should not exist nearby.

Power source

A 12V PSU is included with the DNS 4 and this will work on any mains supply in the range

85V to 250V, 50/60Hz AC. Connect its output to the DNS 4 power input and then plug it

into the mains supply.

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CEDAR DNS 4 dialogue noise suppressor

Audio setup

The audio connectors are on the sides of the unit; analogue inputs are on the left, while

analogue outputs and all digital I/O are on the right side. Connections of a similar

function are grouped together, with the low channel numbers within each group towards

the rear of the unit.

■ Inputs

There is a single global user control to switch between analogue or digital inputs. (See

Global setup.)

When analogue inputs 1&2 are in use, a pair of three-position switches select between

line, microphone and microphone with +48V phantom powering for each of these

channels.

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CEDAR DNS 4 dialogue noise suppressor

■ Outputs

The first two output sockets are dedicated analogue line outputs for channels 1&2. The

next two are dual-purpose and can carry either analogue or digital signals according to

the user setup option. (See Global setup.)

All of the outputs are active when any analogue I/O is selected. When digital operation is

selected for both the inputs and the outputs, the analogue circuitry is turned off to save

power and the Line 1 and Line 2 outputs are not operational.

■ Audio clock

A single audio clock is used for the DSP, ADC, DAC and AES3 transmitter. When analogue

I/O is used, the internal 48kHz clock is used. When AES3 input 1&2 is connected, the

clock is derived from that source. Operation at 44.1kHz, 48kHz and 96kHz is supported.

USB

There is a USB socket for updating the firmware. You can also obtain this manual from

the DNS 4’s internal storage via USB.

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CEDAR DNS 4 dialogue noise suppressor

The front panel

The DNS 4 front panel is divided into three sections: a set of three fixed-function buttons

to the left, an OLED screen, plus six context-sensitive buttons and an encoder to the

right.

The screen dims to a lower brightness after a few seconds of inactivity, and returns to

full brightness when any control is operated.

Pages

There are three control pages, and the functions of the context-sensitive controls depend

on which is active:

Process

The main page displays control and status information about the processing.

Channel setup

Allows access to options that are specific to a given channel.

Global setup

Allows access to unit-wide options, and also displays static information about the unit.

Fixed-function buttons

■ Power/lock

The DNS 4 switches on automatically when power is applied and displays the Process

page. This guarantees that it reboots after a power failure. The Power/lock button is

illuminated while the unit is powered on.

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Once the DNS 4 is powered up, you can press the Power/lock button a second time to

lock the panel. When it’s locked, the Power/lock and Setup buttons continue to operate,

but all the other controls are disabled. Hold down the Power/lock button for around

three seconds to unlock the panel.

When the panel is unlocked, you can switch the DNS 4 off by pressing and holding the

Power/lock button for around three seconds. The current settings will be stored during

shutdown and will be recalled when the unit is turned on again. If the unit is not shut

down correctly, the settings may not be stored.

The DNS 4’s current settings are also stored a few seconds after you stop adjusting the

controls.

Should something cause the unit to freeze, you can switch it off by a holding the

Power/lock button for approximately six seconds.

■ Setup

The Setup button cycles through additional pages to access the setup parameters. It’s

illuminated when the unit is displaying pages other than the Process page.

■ Bypass

The Bypass button acts as a global process on/off control. When active, it’s illuminated

and the noise reduction process is disabled on all four channels. The input gain and high-

pass filter (see Channel setup) are unaffected by the bypass state.

It offers two actions:

Short press

Toggles between bypass on and off

Long press

When bypass is off, pressing and holding the button acts as a preview, switching bypass

on for as long as the button is held. Then, when released, bypass returns to the off state.

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CEDAR DNS 4 dialogue noise suppressor

The process page

The DNS 4 boots into the Process page and returns to it from any other page after a short

timeout. This displays information about all four channels simultaneously.

■ Input level meters

The left of the display shows input level meters for each of the four channels. These are

for information only; the input gain controls are available in the Channel setup page.

■ Process readouts

The rest of the display shows the process settings for each of the four channels. The

information shown for each channel is:

•

the noise Attenuation

•

the Bias

•

the linking status

Channel linking

You can link certain combinations of channels into groups. Grouping channels makes

them adopt identical settings, and allows you to adjust them together. The channels in a

group share the same values of the following parameters:

•

input gain

•

high-pass filter on/off

•

processing on/off

•

learn on/off

•

Attenuation

•

Bias

Nonetheless, the Learn function continues to work independently for each channel in a

group and the signal processing itself is not linked. This ensures that, if the parameters

are appropriate, the processing is appropriate for the signal in each channel.

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Channels:

1 2 3

4

Independent

- - -

-

First pair linked

1&2

-

-

Second pair linked

- - 3&4

Two pairs linked

1&2

3&4

All linked

1&2&3&4

The permissible combinations of groups are as follows:

You create a group by pressing simultaneously the channel selection buttons for the first

and last channels to be included in it. Pressing the same pair of buttons again destroys

the group and the channels return to being independent.

When a group is created, the process parameters from the lowest-numbered channel in

the new group are copied to the other channel(s) in the group. No process parameters

are changed when a group is destroyed.

Groups can be created and destroyed on both the Process page or the Channel setup

page; the operation is identical in both cases. Note that the channel linking/grouping

operates independently of split mode. (See Global setup.)

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CEDAR DNS 4 dialogue noise suppressor

The channel setup page

Pressing Setup once accesses the Channel setup page.

■ Digital inputs selected (see Global setup)

If digital inputs are selected, the page displays:

•

the input source for the active channels (see Global setup)

•

the high-pass filter status for each channel

•

the linking status

The unit will lock to any AES3 signal with a nominal sample rate of up to 96kHz that is

presented to its inputs. Operation is supported at 44.1kHz, 48kHz and 96kHz.

■ Analogue inputs selected (see Global setup)

When the analogue inputs are used, a second vertical display is shown for each channel.

This is the input gain, and you adjust this by selecting the appropriate channel and

turning the encoder.

Note that, if channel 1 is set to MIC or 48V and channel 2 is set to LINE (or vice versa)

their gain and high-pass filter settings remain independent, even if channels 1 and 2 are

linked.

■ High-pass filter

An 80Hz, -18dB/oct high-pass filter is available for each input. To toggle this on and off

for any channel, press any of the row of four channel access buttons at the top right of

the unit to bring its associated channel (or group) into focus. When a channel is in focus,

the dns on button toggles the high-pass filter.

An icon in each channel display will show whether the filter is active or not .

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CEDAR DNS 4 dialogue noise suppressor

Input

Output

Output 1

Output 2

Output 3

Output 4

1

Analogue

Analogue

Line 1

Line 2

Line 3

Line 4

2

Analogue

Digital

Line 1

Line 2

AES 3 1&2

AES 3 3&4

3

Digital

Analogue

Line 1

Line 2

Line 3

Line 4

4

Digital

Digital - -

AES 3 1&2

AES 3 3&4

The global setup page

Pressing Setup a second time takes you to the Global setup page. There are three

parameters, each of which has two possible settings.

■ Inputs

Select the analogue or digital inputs. If the input selection is set to digital and no valid

digital signal is present at the digital input, a flashing cross will appear inside the AES1/2

or AES3/4 fields and the DNS 4 will not process audio.

■ Routing: Split mode operation

In split mode, the signals presented to inputs 1&2 are duplicated and sent to channels

3&4. This allows inputs 1&2 to be processed and output in two different ways, including

outputting the duplicate pair without processing to create ‘iso’ tracks.

■ Outputs 3 & 4: analogue line or AES3 digital

Select whether outputs 3&4 carry line level analogue or digital signals. The input/output

selections operate as follows:

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CEDAR DNS 4 dialogue noise suppressor

Principal uses:

1: integrates the DNS 4 into an analogue system

2: allows the DNS 4 to be used as a mic pre as well as a processor within an otherwise

digital system

3: allows you to output analogue signals from a digital system

4: is digital-to-digital and all the analogue I/O is switched off to save power.

Press setup again or wait for the timeout to return to the Process screen.

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Using the DNS 4

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CEDAR DNS 4 dialogue noise suppressor

Processing

When you are in the Process page, pressing any of the row of four channel access buttons

at the top right of the unit brings its associated channel into focus. Once a given channel

has focus, its associated button is lit and you can adjust its parameters. Channels can

also be grouped and their parameters adjusted together.

The process is controlled by an encoder plus dedicated buttons for process on/off and

learn on/off. Normally the encoder is focused upon the Attenuation parameter. Clicking

it switches its focus to the Bias parameter, and a second click returns it to the

Attenuation. The encoder focus also reverts to Attenuation after a short timeout.

■ Process On/Off

Use the dns on button to switch the DNS processing on and off.

■ Learn

The Learn button controls whether or not the noise detector adapts continuously to

changes in the noise content within the audio signal. When it’s On, the DNS 4 continually

identifies the power and spectral distribution of the noise. When it’s Off, the noise

estimate is frozen at the last determined values and remains so until it’s switched on

again.

Note: Learn is not a method for taking a ‘noise fingerprint’ and, for most jobs, by far

the best results are obtained by leaving it switched on permanently.

■ Channel selection

Before adjusting anything further, use the channel selector buttons 1- 4 to select the

individual channel or, if linked, the group of channels that you wish to control.

The process parameters

■ Attenuation

The default action of the encoder is to adjust the amount of noise attenuation applied to

the signal in the selected channel(s). The representation of the left-hand fader within

each channel shows the current position of the control, and the bargraph shows the

instantaneous amount of attenuation being applied to the signal. The solid bar shows the

average attenuation across all frequencies, and the shaded bar shows the maximum

attenuation across all frequencies.

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CEDAR DNS 4 dialogue noise suppressor

■ Bias

The encoder also provides control of the Bias, which is shown on the right-hand half of

each channel’s display. Click the encoder to enable adjustment of the Bias, and click it

again when you wish to switch back to controlling the Attenuation. The encoder will also

revert to controlling the Attenuation after a short idle period.

The Bias is a ‘center-zero’ control, and the fader shows the current position. Raise the

Bias to bias the algorithm toward detecting more noise. This will allow the process to

remove more noise, but may lead to compression of the wanted audio and make the

signal sound dry. Lower the Bias to bias the algorithm toward detecting less noise. This

will allow the process to retain more ‘atmos’, but may allow noise to leak back into the

wanted signal. In most cases, the optimum value for the Bias is the central, zero point.

The right-hand bargraph shows the detected signal to noise ratio (SNR). The solid bar

shows the noise level, and the shaded bar shows the signal level; consequently, the

difference between the heights of the solid and shaded bars indicates the SNR. You can

see the affect of altering the Bias reflected in the height of the solid bar, which tends to

increase as you raise the Bias, and vice-versa.

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CEDAR DNS 4 dialogue noise suppressor

Summary of operation

■ Learn

When Learn is on, the DNS 4 continually identifies the power and spectral distribution of

the noise present. This is the normal mode of operation.

When Learn is off, the noise identification is frozen at the last determined values.

■ Bias

This influences the amount of noise detected by Learn. You can bias the detection

upward (more noise detected) or downward (less noise detected).

■ Attenuation

This determines how much noise will be removed from the signal.

In short

•

Learn and Bias determine what is detected as noise.

•

Attenuation determines how much of the detected noise is suppressed.

The display

!

!
①

The average attenuation being applied across all frequencies

②

The maximum attenuation being applied at some frequency

③

The current position of the Atten control

④

The detected signal level

⑤

The detected noise level

⑥

The current position of the Bias control

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CEDAR DNS 4 dialogue noise suppressor

Additional information

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CEDAR DNS 4 dialogue noise suppressor

Declaration of conformity

Date of issue 1 September 2022

Equipment CEDAR DNS 4

Manufacturer CEDAR Audio Ltd

Address 20 Home End, Fulbourn, Cambridge CB21 5BS, UK

This is to certify that the aforementioned equipment, when used in accordance with the

instructions in this manual, fully conforms to the protection requirements of the

following EC Council Directives: on the approximation of the laws of the member states

relating to:

■

2004/108/EEC Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive

Applicable standards: EN 55032-2015

EN 55035 - 2017

■

2006/95/EC Low Voltage Directive

Applicable standard: EN 62368-1-2014+A11-2017

■ Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive

All hardware products and sub-assemblies manufactured by CEDAR Audio Ltd are designed

to be compliant with Directive 2015/863/EU, Restriction of Hazardous Substances. The

manufacturing processes include the assembly of purchased components and/or sub-

assemblies from various sources. Any statement of RoHS compliance made by CEDAR

Audio Ltd may be based, in part or in full, on statements provided by suppliers. Thus

whilst every effort is made to ensure compliance, CEDAR Audio Ltd may not have

undertaken independent tests to establish the compliance of such components and/or

sub-assemblies.

■ Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive

In accordance with Directive 2002/96/EC, Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment,

CEDAR Audio Ltd will provide its customers with information about local organisations

that can reprocess CEDAR products that have reached their end of use. Alternatively such

products can be returned to CEDAR Audio Ltd in the UK at the owner’s cost and they will

then be reprocessed correctly free of charge.

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CEDAR DNS 4 dialogue noise suppressor

3rd-party Licence

The CEDAR DNS 4 firmware includes certain elements that are distributed under the following licence.

=== FreeRTOS LICENSE ===

Copyright (C) 2017 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated

documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation

the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and

to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of

the Software. If you wish to use our Amazon FreeRTOS name, please do so in a fair use way that does not

cause confusion.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT

NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND

NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,

DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,

OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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CEDAR DNS 4 dialogue noise suppressor

Contact information

Headquarters:

CEDAR Audio Ltd,

20 Home End, Fulbourn, Cambridge, CB21 5BS, United Kingdom

t: [phone]

e: [e-mail]

USA Office:

CEDAR Audio USA

82 Gilman Street, Portland, ME 04102, USA

t: [phone]

e: [e-mail]

German Office:

CEDAR Deutschland

Görlitzer Str. 3, D-49525 Lengerich, Deutschland

t: [phone]

e: [e-mail]

Web:

www.cedaraudio.com

Worldwide Dealer List:

Visit www.cedaraudio.com.

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CEDAR DNS 4 dialogue noise suppressor

Specifications

Line inputs

Connectors:

Channels 1&2 Balanced XLR3F

Channels 3&4 Balanced TA3 mini-XLR

Impedance: 10kΩ

Nominal signal level (0dB gain): +4dBu

ADC line up (0dB gain): +4dBu : -20dBFS

Clipping level (0dB gain): +24dBu

Dynamic range (0dB gain): >102dB (AES17 unweighted)

Gain range: 0dB to +20dB

Microphone inputs

Connector: Balanced XLR3F

Impedance: 2kΩ

Gain range: 18dB to 78dB

ADC line up (36dB gain): -32dBu : -20dBFS

Dynamic range (36dB gain): >102dB (AES17 unweighted)

Phantom Power

Type: P48 (IEC61958)

Unloaded voltage: +48V ± 4V

Current available: 10mA per microphone

Short circuit protection: Indefinite

AD/DA conversion

Resolution: 24-bit linear PCM

Sample rate (internal sync): 48kHz

Sample rate (external sync): 40kHz – 100kHz

Digital inputs

Connector: Balanced TA3 mini-XLR

Format: AES3 (IEC60958) or AES11 (DARS)

Sample rate sync ranges: 43kHz – 49kHz, 86kHz – 98kHz

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Line outputs

Connector: Balanced TA3 mini-XLR

Nominal signal level: +4dBu

DAC line up: -20dBFS : +4dBu

Maximum output: +24dBu

Dynamic range: >96dB (AES17 unweighted)

Minimum load impedance: 600Ω

Short circuit protection: Indefinite

Digital outputs

Connector: Balanced TA3 mini-XLR

Format: AES3 (IEC60958)

Sample rate (internal sync): 48kHz (±50ppm)

Sample rate (external sync): locked to digital input

DSP

Type: Floating point

Resolution: 40-bit

Sample rates: 44.1kHz, 48kHz, 96kHz

Latency: <4ms in all modes

Power input

Voltage: 8V to 17.5V (nominal 12V)

Connector: Hirose 4-pin HR10 (pin1 -, pin4 +)

Reverse polarity protection: Indefinite

Over-voltage protection: Indefinite, up to 50V

Max power consumption @ 12V: 10W

Power adapter

Input voltage: 85VAC - 260VAC, 50 - 60Hz

Input power: 15W

Input connector: UK/US/EU

Output voltage: 12V

Output connector: Hirose 4-pin HR10 (pin1 -, pin4 +)

E&OE

The Company reserves the right to change specifications without notice.

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CEDAR DNS 4 dialogue noise suppressor

Licence and limited warranty

1. DEFINITIONS

In this Licence and Limited Warranty the following words and phrases shall bear the following meanings:

‘the Company’ is CEDAR Audio Limited of 20 Home End, Fulbourn, Cambridge CB21 5BS, UK;

‘a/the System’ means an instance of the DNS 4 sound processing system comprising hardware and

‘this Document’ means this Licence and Limited Warranty.

2. ISSUE AND USE OF THE SYSTEM

2.1 The terms and conditions of this Document are implicitly accepted by any person or body
corporate who shall at any time use or have access to the System, and are effective from the
date of supply of the System by CEDAR Audio Limited to its immediate customer.

2.2 The Company hereby grants to the Licensee and the Licensee agrees to accept a non-exclusive
right to use the System.

3.

PROPERTY AND CONFIDENTIALITY

3.1 The System contains confidential information of the Company and all copyright, trade marks,
trade names, styles and logos and (excluding such IP owned by Audinate or covered by the
attached 3rd- party licences or is in the public domain) all other intellectual property rights in
the System and the documentation and manuals relating thereto are the exclusive property of
the Company. The Licensee acknowledges that all such rights are the property of their
respective owners and shall not question or dispute the ownership of any such rights nor use or
adopt any trading name or style similar to that of the Company or any other relevant parties.

3.2 Unless explicitly permitted in writing by the relevant intellectual property owner, the Licensee
shall not attempt to reverse engineer, modify, copy, merge or transcribe the whole or any part
of the System or any information or documentation relating thereto.

3.3 The Licensee shall take all reasonable steps to protect the confidential information and
intellectual property rights of the Company and other owners of intellectual property in the
System.

4.

LIMITED WARRANTY AND POST-WARRANTY OBLIGATIONS

4.1 The Company warrants that a System will perform substantially in accordance with the
appropriate section of its accompanying product manual for a period of one year from the date
of supply to the Company‘s immediate customer.

4.2 The Company will make good at its own expenses by repair or replacement any defect or failure
that develops in a System within one year of supply to the Company‘s immediate customer.

4.3 The Company shall have no liability to remedy any defect, failure, error or malfunction that
arises as a result of any improper use, operation or neglect of a System, or any attempt to
repair or modify a System by any person other than the Company or a person appointed with
the Company‘s prior written consent.

4.4 In the case of any defect or failure in a System occurring more than twelve months after its
supply to the Company‘s immediate customer the Company will at its option and for a
reasonable fee make good such defect or failure by repair or replacement (at the option of the
Company) subject to the faulty equipment having first been returned to the Company. The
Company will use reasonable efforts to return repaired or replacement items promptly, all
shipping, handling and insurance costs being for the account of the Licensee.

4.5 The above undertakings 4.1 to 4.4 are accepted by the Licensee in lieu of any other legal
remedy in respect of any defect or failure occurring during the said period and of any other
obligations or warranties expressed or implied including but not limited to the implied
warranties of saleability and fitness for a specific purpose.

4.6 The Licensee hereby acknowledges and accepts that nothing in this Document shall impose
upon the Company any obligation to repair or replace any item after a time when it is no
longer produced or offered for supply by the Company or which the Company certifies has been
superseded by a later version or has become obsolete.

software developed by the Company;

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CEDAR DNS 4 dialogue noise suppressor

5. FORCE MAJEURE

The Company shall not be liable for any breach of its obligations hereunder resulting from causes beyond its
reasonable control including, but not limited to, fires, strikes (of its own or other employees), insurrection or riots,
embargoes, container shortages, wrecks or delays in transportation, inability to obtain supplies and raw materials, or
requirements or regulations of any civil or military authority.

6. WAIVER

The waiver by either party of a breach of the provisions hereof by the other shall not be construed as a waiver of any
succeeding breach of the same or other provisions, nor shall any delay or omission on the part of either party to
exercise any right that it may have under this Licence operate as a waiver of any breach or default by the other party.

7. NOTICES

Any notices or instruction to be given hereunder shall be sent by first-class post or email to the other party, and shall
be deemed to have been served upon the expiration of seven days after posting or (if sent electronically) upon the
expiration of twelve hours after transmission.

8. ASSIGNMENT AND SUB-LICENSING

The Licensee may at his discretion assign a System and in doing so shall assign this License its rights and obligations
to the purchaser who shall without reservation agree to be bound by this License. The original Licensee and any
subsequent Licensees shall be bound by the obligations of this License in perpetuity.

9. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

The Company‘s maximum liability under any claim including any claim in respect of infringement of the intellectual
property rights of any third party shall be, at the option of the Company either:

• return of a sum calculated as the price received for the System by the Company from its immediate customer

depreciated on a straight line basis over a one year write-off period; or

• repair or replacement of those components of the System that do not meet the warranties contained within this

Document.

The foregoing states the entire liability of the Company to the Licensee.

10. CONSEQUENTIAL LOSS

Even if the Company has been advised of the possibility of such damages, and notwithstanding anything else
contained herein the Company shall under no event be liable to the Licensee or to any other persons for loss of profits
or contracts or damage (whether direct or consequential) arising in connection with a System or any modification,
variation or enhancement thereof and including any documentation or data provided by the Company or for any other
indirect or consequential loss.

11. ENTIRE AGREEMENT

The Company shall not be liable to the Licensee for any loss arising in connection with any representations,
agreements, statements or undertakings made prior to the date of supply of the System to the Licensee.

12. TERMINATION

This Licence may be terminated forthwith by the Company if the Licensee commits any material breach of any terms
of this License. Forthwith upon such termination the Company shall have immediate right of access to the System for
the purpose of removing it.

13. SEVERABILITY

Notwithstanding that the whole or any part of any provision of this Document may prove to be illegal or unenforceable
the other provisions of this Document and the remainder of the provision in question shall remain in full force and
effect.

14. HEADINGS

The headings to the Clauses are for ease of reference only and shall not affect the interpretation or construction of this
Document.

15. LAW

This Document shall be governed by and construed in accordance with English law and all disputes between the
parties shall be determined in England in accordance with the Arbitration Act 1950 and 1979.

Page 31

Inspected:

QC Engineer:

Serial number:

Designed and manufactured by

CEDAR Audio Ltd

Cambridge CB21 5BS

United Kingdom

www.cedaraudio.com

[e-mail]

t: [phone]

Copyright CEDAR Audio Ltd, © 2022

CEDAR is a registered trademark of CEDAR Audio Ltd

DNS, DNS One, DNS 8D, DNS 8 Live, DNS 8 CS, DNS One, DNS Two, DNS 2, DNS 4, DNS1000, DNS1500, DNS2000 and

DNS3000 are trademarks of CEDAR Audio Ltd

E&OE, Subject to revision at the Company’s sole discretion

20 Home End

Fulbourn