Campbell Scientific TX312 User Manual

TX312 Transmitter
Revision: 12/10
Copyright © 2000-2010
Campbell Scientific, Inc.

Warranty and Assistance

The TX312 TRANSMITTER is warranted by Campbell Scientific, Inc. to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service for twelve (12) months from date of shipment unless specified otherwise. Batteries have no warranty. Campbell Scientific, Inc.'s obligation under this warranty is limited to repairing or replacing (at Campbell Scientific, Inc.'s option) defective products. The customer shall assume all costs of removing, reinstalling, and shipping defective products to Campbell Scientific, Inc. Campbell Scientific, Inc. will return such products by surface carrier prepaid. This warranty shall not apply to any Campbell Scientific, Inc. products which have been subjected to modification, misuse, neglect, accidents of nature, or shipping damage. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied, including warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Campbell Scientific, Inc. is not liable for special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages.
Products may not be returned without prior authorization. The following contact information is for US and International customers residing in countries served by Campbell Scientific, Inc. directly. Affiliate companies handle repairs for customers within their territories. Please visit www.campbellsci.com to determine which Campbell Scientific company serves your country.
To obtain a Returned Materials Authorization (RMA), contact Campbell Scientific, Inc., phone (435) 753-2342. After an applications engineer determines the nature of the problem, an RMA number will be issued. Please write this number clearly on the outside of the shipping container. Campbell Scientific's shipping address is:
CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.
RMA#_____ 815 West 1800 North Logan, Utah 84321-1784
For all returns, the customer must fill out a “Declaration of Hazardous Material and Decontamination” form and comply with the requirements specified in it. The form is available from our website at completed form must be either emailed to repair@campbellsci.com 435-750-9579. Campbell Scientific will not process any returns until we receive this form. If the form is not received within three days of product receipt or is incomplete, the product will be returned to the customer at the customer’s expense. Campbell Scientific reserves the right to refuse service on products that were exposed to contaminants that may cause health or safety concerns for our employees.
www.campbellsci.com/repair
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or faxed to
TX312 Transmitter Table of Contents
PDF viewers note: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use the Adobe Acrobat® bookmarks tab for links to specific sections.
1. Introduction..................................................................1
2. GOES System...............................................................3
2.1 Orbit..........................................................................................................3
2.2 NESDIS and Transmit−Windows.............................................................3
2.3 Data Retrieval...........................................................................................3
3. TX312 Functions..........................................................4
3.1 LED Function...........................................................................................4
3.2 Diagnostics Switch ...................................................................................5
3.3 Communication Ports ...............................................................................5
3.3.1 RS-232 Port.....................................................................................5
3.3.2 CS I/O Port......................................................................................5
3.3.3 SDI-12 Serial Port...........................................................................5
3.4 RF Connectors..........................................................................................6
3.4.1 RF Transmission Connector............................................................6
3.4.2 GPS Connector................................................................................6
3.5 Power Connector ......................................................................................6
4. SatCommand Software ...............................................9
4.1 Install SatCommand..................................................................................9
4.2 SatCommand General Description............................................................9
4.3 Making Edits.............................................................................................9
4.3.1 NESDIS ID.....................................................................................9
4.3.2 Timed Channel................................................................................9
4.3.3 Timed Bit Rate..............................................................................10
4.3.4 Timed Interval...............................................................................10
4.3.5 First Timed Transmission.............................................................10
4.3.6 Timed Tx Window........................................................................10
4.3.7 Timed Msg Format........................................................................10
4.3.8 Random Channel...........................................................................10
4.3.9 Random Bit Rate ...........................................................................11
4.3.10 Random Randomizing Interval ...................................................11
4.3.11 Random Randomizing Percentage..............................................11
4.3.12 Random Repeat Count................................................................11
4.3.13 Random Data Format..................................................................11
4.3.14 Random Msg Counter.................................................................11
4.4 Save and Transfer the Settings to the TX312..........................................11
4.5 Using SatCommand for TX312 Testing .................................................12
4.5.1 Terminal Window.........................................................................12
4.5.2 Commands....................................................................................12
4.5.2.1 Recall Configuration Settings..............................................12
4.5.2.2 Position................................................................................12
4.5.2.3 Version................................................................................12
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TX312 Transmitter Table of Contents
5. Programming the Datalogger ...................................14
5.1 CRBasic Programming........................................................................... 14
5.1.1 GoesData...................................................................................... 14
5.1.2 GoesStatus.................................................................................... 17
5.1.3 GoesGPS...................................................................................... 21
5.1.4 GoesSetup..................................................................................... 22
5.2 Edlog Programming............................................................................... 24
5.2.1 Deciding How Much Data will be Transmitted and When...........25
5.2.2 Deciding What Data Format to Use............................................. 25
5.2.3 Managing Data, Writing More Data than Will Be Transmitted ... 26
5.2.4 Sending Data to the Transmitter (P126)....................................... 26
5.2.5 Read Status and Diagnostic Information from the TX312 ........... 28
4.5.2.4 GPS Status.......................................................................... 12
4.5.2.5 Read Audit Log...................................................................13
4.5.2.6 Enable Transmitter..............................................................13
4.5.2.7 Disable Transmitter ............................................................ 13
4.5.2.8 Max Timed Message Length.............................................. 13
4.5.2.9 Max Random Message Length........................................... 13
4.5.2.10 Clear Timed Buffer........................................................... 13
4.5.2.11 Clear Random Buffer........................................................ 13
4.5.2.12 Send to Timed Buffer....................................................... 13
4.5.2.13 Send to Random Buffer.................................................... 13
4.5.2.14 SDI-12 Configuration....................................................... 13
4.5.2.15 Show Defaults................................................................... 14
5.1.1.1 Result Code......................................................................... 14
5.1.1.2 Data Table........................................................................... 14
5.1.1.3 Table Option....................................................................... 14
5.1.1.4 Buffer Control..................................................................... 15
5.1.1.5 Data Format........................................................................ 15
5.1.1.6 GOESData() Example.........................................................16
5.1.2.1 GoesStatus Read Time........................................................ 17
5.1.2.2 GoesStatus Read Status...................................................... 18
5.1.2.3 GoesStatus Read Last Message Status................................ 18
5.1.2.4 GoesStatus Read Error Register..........................................19
5.1.4.1 Result Code......................................................................... 23
5.1.4.2 Platform ID......................................................................... 23
5.1.4.3 Window .............................................................................. 23
5.1.4.4 Timed Channel....................................................................23
5.1.4.5 Timed Baud Rate................................................................ 23
5.1.4.6 Random Channel ................................................................ 24
5.1.4.7 Random Baud Rate............................................................. 24
5.1.4.8 Timed Interval.................................................................... 24
5.1.4.9 Timed Offset....................................................................... 24
5.1.4.10 Random Offset.................................................................. 24
5.1.4.11 GOESSetup Example........................................................ 24
5.2.4.1 Buffer Control..................................................................... 27
5.2.4.2 Data Format........................................................................ 27
5.2.4.3 P126 Result Codes.............................................................. 27
5.2.5.1 P127, Command 0: Read Time.......................................... 29
5.2.5.2 P127, Command 1: Read Status......................................... 29
5.2.5.3 P127, Command 2: Read Last Message Status.................. 30
5.2.5.4 P127, Command 3: Transmit Random Message................ 30
5.2.5.5 P127, Command 4: Read TX312 Error Registers.............. 31
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TX312 Transmitter Table of Contents
5.2.5.6 P127, Command 5: Clear TX312 Error Registers..............32
5.2.5.7 P127, Command 6: Return TX312 to on-line mode...........32
5.2.6 Edog Programming Examples.......................................................32
6. Field Installation ........................................................35
6.1 Field Site Requirements..........................................................................35
6.2 Transmission Antenna............................................................................35
6.3 GPS Antenna ..........................................................................................36
6.3.1 How the GPS Signal is Acquired and Used..................................36
6.3.2 GPS Antenna Location..................................................................36
Appendices
A. Information on Eligibility and Getting Onto
the GOES System............................................... A-1
A.1 Eligibility............................................................................................ A-1
A.2 Acquiring Permission.......................................................................... A-1
B. Data Conversion Computer Program.................... B-1
C. Antenna Orientation Computer Program..............C-1
D. RAWS-7 Data Format..............................................D-1
D.1 Introduction......................................................................................... D-1
D.2 Format................................................................................................. D-1
D.3 Programming the Datalogger for RAWS-7 Format............................ D-1
D.4 RAWS-7 Sample Data........................................................................ D-2
D.5 Writing Additional Data Values Beyond the RAWS-7....................... D-3
E. GOES DCS Transmit Frequencies......................... E-1
F. High Resolution 18-Bit Binary Format................... F-1
G. Extended ASCII Command Set..............................G-1
H. GOES/Radio Set Certification................................H-1
Figures
2-1. Major Components of the GOES/DCP System.......................................4
3-1. TX312 Label............................................................................................7
3-2. TX312 Connectors...................................................................................8
3-3. DCP Enclosure........................................................................................8
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TX312 Transmitter Table of Contents
Tables
5.1-1. GoesStatus Command 0: Read Time................................................ 18
5.1-2. GoesStatus Command 1: Read Status............................................... 18
5.1-3. GoesStatus Command 2: Read Last Message Status........................ 19
5.1-4. GoesStatus Command 4: Read TX312 Error Registers.................... 19
5.1-5. Error Codes........................................................................................ 20
5.1-6. Result Codes Indicating Communication Problems .......................... 23
5.1-7. GoesSetup and GoesData Runtime Result Codes.............................. 23
5.2-1. P127 Result Codes............................................................................. 29
5.2-2. P127 Command 0: Read Time.......................................................... 29
5.2-3. P127 Command 1: Read Status.........................................................30
5.2-4. P127 Command 2: Read Last Message Status.................................. 30
5.2-5. P127 Command 3: Initiate Random Transmission........................... 31
5.2-6. P127 Command 4: Read TX312 Error Registers.............................. 31
5.2-7. Error Codes........................................................................................ 32
5.2-8. P127 Command 5: Clear Error Registers.......................................... 32
5.2-9. P127 Command 6: Force On-line Mode........................................... 32
D-1. RAWS-7 Output ................................................................................ D-2
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TX312 Transmitter

1. Introduction

The TX312 transmitter supports one-way communication, via satellite, from a Campbell Scientific datalogger to a ground receiving station. Satellite telemetry offers a convenient telecommunication alternative for field stations where phone lines or RF systems are impractical.
The TX312 utilizes non-volatile memory to store configuration information, such as platform ID, transmission baud rate, channel number, scheduled transmission time, offset time and message window length. The TX312 also has a 15.7 K byte RAM buffer for scheduled transmissions and a buffer for random transmissions. The clock is maintained with a GPS receiver.
TX312 supports the following certification standards:
300/1200 BPS DCPRS Certification Standard version 1.0b - March 2000
100 BPS Self-timed DCPRS Certification Standard - November 1981
100 BPS Random DCPRS Certification Standard - November 1981
SDI-12, A Serial-Digital Interface Standard for Microprocessor-based
Sensors version 1.2 - October 21, 1996
High data rates are supported. The TX312 includes serial communication ports:
NOTE
NOTE
CS I/O for Campbell dataloggers
RS-232 port used for dataloggers and PC communication
SDI-12 is used where only SDI-12 sensors are used and a datalogger is not
needed
The CS I/O port is a Campbell Scientific Synchronous Device for Communication (SDC) port.
The 21X and CR7 dataloggers do not support SDC or the TX312.
The National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) certification of the TX312 was done for Forest Technology Systems, Ltd. under model name FTS TX312. See Appendix H for a copy of the certification certificate.
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TX312 Transmitter
Specifications:
On-board memory: Non-volatile flash for setup parameters. 16 kbytes for
data
Transmission Data Rates:
100, 300 and 1200 bps
Power requirements: 10.8 to 16 VDC, 5 mA quiescent, 90 mA during GPS
fix and 2.6 Amps during transmission
25316 Transmit Antenna:
11 dBi Gain, Right Hand Circular polarization, Type
N female connector, wind load of ~100 knots Transmit power: 5.6 watts for 100 and 300 bps, 11.2 watts for 1200 bps Frequency Range: 401.701 MHz to 402.09850 MHz Frequency Stability: Initial Accuracy: ±20 Hz disciplined to GPS; Short
term drift: ±0.04 Hz/sec, Ageing: ±-0.1 ppm/Year,
Vcc + Temperature: ±-0.1 PPM Channel Bandwidth: 100/300 bps 1.5 kHz; 1200 bps 3 kHz Time Keeping: Initial setting accuracy: ± 100 microseconds
synchronized to GPS; Drift ± 10 milliseconds/day over
operating temperature range; GPS scheduled updates
are 1 at power up and once per day there after. Once
every 28 days required for continual operation GPS antenna: 3.3 volt active; SMA female connector RS-232 serial port: Signal Levels: RS-232C; Connector: DB9F; Command
protocols: ASCII, Binary, Field diagnostics,
Dataloggers with RS-232 port CS I/O port: Signal Levels: TTL, Connector DB9M; Command
Protocol: Campbell Scientific Synchronous Device
Communication, Binary Command, Campbell
Scientific Dataloggers. SDI-12 Port: Multiplexed with CS I/O port. Protocol SDI-12
Recorder version 1.3 Environmental:
Operating: -40° to 60°C; Storage -50º to 70ºC; 0 to
99% RH, non-condensing Dimensions (with
mounts):
6.4” H x 11” L x 2.1” W (16.2 x 27.9 x 5.3 cm)
Weight: 2.1 lbs (0.95 kg)
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2. GOES System

2.1 Orbit

The TX312 transmitter sends data via Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES). GOES satellites have orbits that coincide with the Earth's rotation, allowing each satellite to remain above a specific region. This allows a user to point the GOES antenna at a fixed position in the sky.
There are two satellites, GOES East and GOES West. GOES East is located at 75° West longitude and GOES West is located 135° West longitude. Both satellites are located over the equator. Within the United States, odd numbered channels are assigned to GOES East. Only even numbered channels are assigned to GOES West. Channels used outside the United States are assigned to either spacecraft.
2.2 NESDIS and Transmit−Windows
GOES is managed by the National Environmental Satellite Data Information Service (NESDIS). NESDIS assigns the platform ID, uplink channel number, and self-timed or random transmit windows. Self-timed windows allow data transmission only during a predetermined time frame (typically one minute or less, every one, three, or four hours). The self-timed data is erased from the transmitter's buffer after each transmission, random data is not. Random windows are for critical applications (e.g., flood reporting) and allow transmission immediately after a threshold has been exceeded. The transmission is then randomly repeated to ensure it is received. A combination of self-timed and random transmission can be executed by the TX312.
TX312 Transmitter

2.3 Data Retrieval

Data retrieval via the TX312 and the GOES system is illustrated in Figure 2-1. The DAPS User Interface Manual, provided by NOAA/ NESDIS, describes the process of retrieving the data from the NESDIS ground station. The data are in the form of 3-byte ASCII (see Appendix B for a computer program that converts the data to decimal). You can also retrieve data directly from the NESDIS ground station via the DOMSAT satellite downlink. DOMSAT is only practical for organizations with many GOES users; contact NESDIS for more information (see Appendix A).
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TX312 Transmitter
GOES Satellite
Satellite Antenna
GOES transmitter, datalogger, and power supply, also known as a DCP
Data Collection Platform (DCP)
FIGURE 2-1. Major Components of the GOES/DCP System

3. TX312 Functions

3.1 LED Function

The TX312 has four LEDs used to indicate the state of the TX312 transmitter.
When power is first applied to the TX312, the four LEDs will cycle through quickly, then the Synchronizing Clock to GPS
If there are data in a buffer waiting for transmission time, the Data In Buffer LED will light.
During transmission, the Transmitting
The Fault Press and hold the Diagnostics button for about 2 seconds. The Fault LED will flash once to indicate the Failsafe has not been tripped. If the LED flashes twice, the Failsafe has tripped. To clear the Failsafe, press and hold the diagnostic button for about 10 seconds. If the failsafe has tripped, the transmitter probably needs to be returned for service.
LED will light.
LED will only light after the Diagnostics button has been depressed.
Ground Receiving Station
LED will light for 15 minutes.
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3.2 Diagnostics Switch

The Diagnostics switch has two purposes. Press and hold the Diagnostics button for about 2 seconds. The Fault LED will flash once to indicate the Failsafe has not been tripped. If the LED flashes twice, the Failsafe has tripped. To clear the Failsafe, press and hold the diagnostic button for about 10 seconds. If the failsafe has tripped, the transmitter probably needs to be returned for service.
The Failsafe circuit is designed to shut down a malfunctioning transmitter that is transmitting too long or too often. The Failsafe circuit helps prevent malfunctioning transmitters from interfering with other transmissions.

3.3 Communication Ports

3.3.1 RS-232 Port
The RS-232 port is a DB9 female connector configured as DCE. Only three pins are used, transmit on pin two, receive on pin three, and ground on pin five. Transmit is an output and receive is an input to the TX312.
The RS-232 port is used in conjunction with a PC and the 32 bit windows compatible software, SatCommand. SatCommand software is used to read, write, save, and transmit the configuration information from the computer to the TX312 transmitter. SatCommand is also used to read status information from the transmitter. The RS-232 port also supports dataloggers.
TX312 Transmitter
3.3.2 CS I/O Port
The CS I/O port is a Campbell Scientific Synchronous Device for Communication (SDC) port. The CS I/O port is specifically designed to work with Campbell Scientific SDC capable dataloggers. The CS I/O port is used by Campbell Scientific dataloggers to transfer data from the datalogger to the TX312 transmitter. The CS I/O SDC port allows other SDC devices and one modem enabled device to be connected to the same port at the same time. Only one device can be active at a time. This SDC port will allow the TX312 transmitter, the RF95A RF modem and a phone modem to be connected to the CSI datalogger serial port all at the same time. The CS I/O port is a DB9 male, voltage levels are TTL, pin out is:
1, 3, 5, 8 are not used 2 = Ground 4 = RXD (output) 6 = SDE (input) 7 = CLK (input) 9 = TXD (input)
3.3.3 SDI-12 Serial Port
The SDI-12 serial port is used by the TX312 only when a datalogger is not used. Under most operating conditions, the datalogger is responsible for the SDI-12 functions.
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TX312 Transmitter

3.4 RF Connectors

3.4.1 RF Transmission Connector
3.4.2 GPS Connector
The TX312 utilizes the type N female connector for RF power out. This connector must have a proper antenna connection before transmission occurs. Failure to use a properly matched antenna cable and antenna may cause permanent damage to the RF amplifiers. The nominal impedance is 50 ohms, the frequency range is approximately 400 to 403 MHz. At 100 and 300 BPS transmission rates, the nominal EIRP is 48 dBm with an 11 dBic gain antenna. At 1200 BPS, the nominal EIRP is 52 dBm.
The GPS connector is an input to the TX312. Operation without an antenna connected will not cause damage, but the transmitter will not transmit without a valid GPS fix. The GPS connector is an SMA female. The GPS receiver uses an active 3.3 V antenna.
The TX312 transmitter uses the GPS receiver for two functions. The precise GPS time is used to ensure scheduled transmissions occur at the proper time. The one-second GPS synchronization pulse is used to ensure a precise, drift­free carrier frequency. See Section 6.3 for more information regarding GPS and GPS antenna placement.

3.5 Power Connector

The TX312 power connector has two pins: ground and 12 V. The input power requirement is 10.8 to 16 VDC at 3 amps. Because the TX312 can use up to 3 amps, the power should be connected directly to the battery. An in-line 7 amp fast blow fuse can be used to help protect the transmitter. The TX312 is shipped with a power cable that includes the fuse and a connector arrangement that allows the transmitter to pull power directly from the battery when using the CH100, PS100, PS12LA or CH12R power supply.
With the potential for a 3000 mA current drain, the voltage drop along the battery power leads must be considered. The battery power leads are both wires that run from the battery to the power input connectors of the TX312. To calculate the voltage drop along the power leads, we must know the resistance of the wire and the length of the wire. Usually the resistance of the wire is listed as ohms per 1000 feet. As an example, a 24 AWG wire used by CSI has a resistance of 23 ohms per 1000 feet. The length of the wire is the distance the wire travels from the battery to the transmitter multiplied by two. You must consider the current travels from the battery, to the transmitter and back to the battery.
The TX312 will operate with a battery voltage range from 10.8 V to 16 V. A fully charged lead acid battery will have a voltage of about 12.5 V. If the battery is fully charged, a 1.7 V drop along the battery leads will stop the transmitter from transmitting. At 3 amps, 1.7 V will be dropped with 0.566 ohms of resistance. Using the 24 AWG wire with 23 ohms resistance per 1000 ft, 24 feet of wire (battery power leads 12 ft long) will prevent transmission. A reliable system that will transmit without a perfect battery voltage will minimize voltage drop along the battery power leads. To minimize voltage
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TX312 Transmitter
drop, keep the battery power leads short. A five-foot power lead is a long power lead. If you must have a longer lead, use heavy wire. For power leads less than ten feet but more than five feet, use no smaller than 18 AWG.
FIGURE 3-1. TX312 Label
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TX312 Transmitter
FIGURE 3-2. TX312 Connectors
8
FIGURE 3-3. DCP Enclosure

4. SatCommand Software

Certain information required by NESDIS is unique to each DCP. This setup information includes: platform ID, transmission baud rate, channel number, scheduled transmission time, offset time, and message window length. The TX312 has non-volatile memory to store the setup information. The setup information is entered in the SatCommand software, then transferred to the TX312. SatCommand software is a 32-bit windows application. The TX312 can be setup using terminal emulation software, but the process requires knowledge of the ASCII commands. See the appendix section for a list of appropriate commands.

4.1 Install SatCommand

Follow instructions on the disk.

4.2 SatCommand General Description

SatCommand has a status window, a terminal window, several control buttons, a main menu, and an edit window used to make setup changes.
TX312 Transmitter
The Terminal window is used to manually enter commands to the transmitter. The Status window is used to display information regarding the current state of the transmitter. The control buttons are used to initiate some communications between the computer and the TX312 transmitter. The main menu is across the top of the screen and includes some file control functions, a list of commands that can be sent to the transmitter, and a couple of tools. The edit window is where changes to the transmitter setups are to be entered and saved for later use.

4.3 Making Edits

Edits are made in the configuration window. The configuration window has two columns; use the right column for all edits. When SatCommand is first started, a default setup template is loaded. If the Retrieve Settings button is selected, the current configuration of the TX312 will be loaded to the fields of the edit window.
4.3.1 NESDIS ID
Edit the NESDIS ID number. Type in your NESDIS assigned ID number. This is an 8-digit hex number. Valid characters are 0-9, A, B, C, D, E and F. Example: 4F3E2D1E
4.3.2 Timed Channel
The Timed Channel is the NESDIS assigned self-timed transmission channel. When using 100 and 300 baud, valid channel numbers are between 0 and 267. When using 1200 baud, valid channel numbers are 0 to 133, where 101 to 133 are international channels. For 1200-baud channels, the formal channel designation is the channel number followed by the letter A, for example: 99A. For clarification, see Appendix E. If your assigned channel number does not include the letter A, either you don’t have a 1200-baud channel assignment or
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TX312 Transmitter
4.3.3 Timed Bit Rate
4.3.4 Timed Interval
4.3.5 First Timed Transmission
you’ve been given a 100/300 channel number. In SatCommad, don’t enter the letter A. When 0 is entered, self-timed transmissions are disabled.
Enter the assigned channel bit rate (baud rate). Valid entries are 100, 300, or
1200. The bit rate is assigned by NESDIS and is tied to the channel number. Using the wrong bit rate will prevent NESDIS from receiving your data.
The Timed Interval is how often data is transmitted. The options include days, hour, minutes, and seconds. Generally the interval will be zero days, 1 hour, zero minutes, and zero seconds.
The First Timed Transmission is also referred to as the Offset. The first timed transmission will always be between zero and the timed interval. The TX312 will transmit on the next Timed Interval after the clock has been set.
4.3.6 Timed Tx Window
The Timed Transmit Window is the length of the assigned self-timed transmit window in seconds. Valid entries are 5 to 120 seconds in 1 second increments.
4.3.7 Timed Msg Format
The Timed Message Format determines how the flag word is written and which characters are legal. Select A if the data format is ASCII, select P for Pseudo Binary, option B has not yet been defined by NESDIS. Please note: The Timed Msg Format does not change the format of the data; instead, the flag word is changed. The datalogger program determines the data format and must match the format selected in the Timed Msg Format option.
4.3.8 Random Channel
If NESDIS has not assigned a Random Channel, Sections 4.3.8 through 4.3.14 do not apply.
The Random Channel is the NESDIS assigned random transmission channel. When using 100 and 300 baud, valid channel numbers are between 0 and 267. When using 1200 baud, valid channel numbers are 0 to 133, where 100 to 133 are international channels. For 1200-baud channels, the formal channel designation is the channel number followed by the letter A, for example: 99A. For clarification, see Appendix E. If your assigned channel number does not include the letter A, either you don’t have a 1200-baud channel assignment or you’ve been given a 100/300 channel number. In SatCommad, don’t enter the letter A. When 0 is entered, self-timed transmissions are disabled.
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4.3.9 Random Bit Rate
Enter the assigned channel bit rate (baud rate). Valid entries are 100, 300, or
1200. The bit rate is assigned by NESDIS and is tied to the channel number. Using the wrong bit rate will prevent NESDIS from receiving your data.
4.3.10 Random Randomizing Interval
The Randomizing Interval is the average time between random transmissions. When the TX312 receives data in the random data buffer, a random transmission is scheduled. After the first transmission, the transmitter will select a pseudo random time somewhere within the randomizing interval. This process is repeated until the Random Repeat Count has been met, or the datalogger removes the data from the random buffer.
4.3.11 Random Randomizing Percentage
Enter the percent of the randomizing interval that should be used in the randomizing of random transmissions. Valid entries are 10 to 50, representing 10 to 50 percent of the randomizing interval.
TX312 Transmitter
4.3.12 Random Repeat Count
Enter the total number of random transmissions you want repeated after data has been loaded to the random data buffer. Typically, 5 works well.
4.3.13 Random Data Format
The Random Message Format determines how the flag word is written and which characters are legal. Select A if the data format is ASCII, Select P for Pseudo Binary, option B has not yet been defined by NESDIS. Please note: The Random Msg Format does not change the format of the data; instead, the flag word is changed. The datalogger program determines the data format and must match the format selected in the Random Msg Format option.
4.3.14 Random Msg Counter
The Random Msg Counter will insert a counter at the beginning of the data stream. The counter indicates the number of random messages sent so far.

4.4 Save and Transfer the Settings to the TX312

Using the drop list, select the appropriate RS-232 communication port for your computer.
Using a standard RS-232 serial cable, connect the Computer RS-232 serial port to the TX312 RS-232 serial port. Apply 12 volts DC to the Power terminal.
Test the communications link by typing the enter key with the cursor in the Terminal window. The TX312 will respond with the > character whenever the Carriage Return character is received on the TX312 serial port.
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TX312 Transmitter

4.5 Using SatCommand for TX312 Testing

4.5.1 Terminal Window
After the information from Section 4.3 has been entered, select the Save/Send Settings button. Provide a file name to save the settings to disk, then select the Yes button on the Send to Transmitter dialog box. The settings will be transferred to the TX312.
Once the transfer is complete, select the Status button to verify the transmitter is setup and enabled. Specifically, look for the line that says Transmitter: Enabled. If Transmitter: Disabled is shown, then the configuration settings have an illegal parameter, or the transfer didn’t succeed.
The Terminal is always open and ready for use. The Open Port button will open the serial port, then change to Close Port. If the port is closed, typing in the terminal window will open the port. To use the terminal window, use a standard serial cable to connect the serial port of the computer to the RS-232 port of the TX312. SatCommand can be used to send data to the transmitter, read the Audit Log, GPS Status, etc. The Terminal window supports manually-entered commands (see the appendix for individual command). The Terminal Window also supports automated commands found under Main Menu/Commands.
4.5.2 Commands
From the main menu select Commands. Within the Commands menu there are several useful commands that can be issued to the TX312. Both the command and the TX312 response are shown in the Terminal Window.
4.5.2.1 Recall Configuration Settings
Recall Configuration Settings is best for experienced TX312 users. All the settings are displayed in the terminal window, but each setting is not labeled. Instead, the command used to read or set the setting is displayed before the actual setting is displayed.
4.5.2.2 Position
Position will retrieve the time of the last GPS fix, Latitude, Longitude, and Altitude in meters.
4.5.2.3 Version
Version will display information about the TX312 hardware and software. The unit serial number, hardware version number, firmware version number, and GPS version are displayed.
4.5.2.4 GPS Status
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GPS Status will display if the GPS power is on or off. If the GPS is powered, the GPS system reports the satellites currently tracked and the signal strength from each spacecraft. If the GPS is off, use the Position or Read Audit Log option to verify if the GPS system has obtained a GPS fix.
4.5.2.5 Read Audit Log
The Read Audit Log will display a history of the transmitter operation. The latest entry in the audit log is shown at the top of the screen. The audit log will record any error condition that has occurred in the past, plus other events.
4.5.2.6 Enable Transmitter
The Enable transmitter will enable the transmissions if the transmitter setup parameters are all valid; otherwise, the transmitter cannot be enabled.
4.5.2.7 Disable Transmitter
The Disable Transmitter option is used to prevent the transmitter from transmitting until it has been enabled.
4.5.2.8 Max Timed Message Length
The Maximum Timed Message Length command will calculate the maximum number of bytes that can be sent given the current configuration of the transmitter. To calculate the maximum number of bytes that can be sent, the transmitter looks at the data rate (bits per second), and the message window length. To convert the number of bytes that can be sent to the number of data points that can be sent, divide the number of bytes by 3 if using Pseudo Binary or by 7 if using an ASCII format.
TX312 Transmitter
4.5.2.9 Max Random Message Length
See Section 4.5.3.8 for details. The random message does not have a fixed limit on message window size, but random messages should be kept as short as possible to increase the likelihood of successful reception.
4.5.2.10 Clear Timed Buffer
The Clear Timed Buffer command will erase all data from the timed buffer.
4.5.2.11 Clear Random Buffer
The Clear Random Buffer command will erase all data from the random buffer.
4.5.2.12 Send to Timed Buffer
The Send to Timed Buffer command is used to send data to the timed buffer. Data will then be scheduled for transmission on the next available time slot.
4.5.2.13 Send to Random Buffer
The Send to Random Buffer command is used to send data to the random buffer. Data will then be scheduled for transmission very soon.
4.5.2.14 SDI-12 Configuration
The SDI-12 configuration selects whether the SDI-12 or CS I/O port is active. If the datalogger is unable to send data, use this command to check which port is active. The CS I/O port is deactivated when the SDI-12 port has been selected. The CS I/O port must be selected to use a datalogger.
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TX312 Transmitter
4.5.2.15 Show Defaults
The Show Defaults will populate the edit window with default values, which are not valid for transmission. Selecting show defaults, then sending the defaults to the transmitter will return the transmitter to factory default settings and prevent transmission of data. Once the defaults are loaded to the edit window, the defaults can be edited. Sometimes it is useful to start from a known condition.

5. Programming the Datalogger

5.1 CRBasic Programming

This section covers CRBasic programming concepts for the CR295(X), CR800, CR850, CR1000, CR3000, and CR5000 dataloggers. Not all options are available for the CR5000 and CR295(X) dataloggers. There are four program instructions directly related to the TX312 GOES transmitter: GoesData, GoesStatus, GoesGPS and GoesSetup.
5.1.1 GoesData
5.1.1.1 Result Code
5.1.1.2 Data Table
The GoesData instruction is used to send data from the datalogger to the TX312 transmitter. Each time GoesData is executed, data is ordered with the newest data to be transmitted first, which is opposite of how Edlog dataloggers arrange data.
There are five parameters to the GoesData instruction: Result Code, Data Table, Table Option, Buffer Control, and Data format.
In GoesData(), Table Option, Buffer Control, and Data Format can be variables declared as type long. Error checking is done at run time instead of compile time. See Table 5.1-7 for runtime error codes.
Using CRBasic dataloggers, time of Max, Min, etc. are stored as number of seconds since 1990, which does not work for GOES transmission.
The result code is used to determine if the GoesData instruction executed successfully. When successful, GoesData will return a zero to the Result Code variable. When GoesData executes successfully, but there is no new data in the specified table, the result code is set to 100. See Table 5.1-6 for details regarding result codes.
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The Data Table argument is used to specify which data table the GoesData instruction is to copy data from.
5.1.1.3 Table Option
The Table Option is used to specify what data is copied from the data table. There are three options. Use zero to specify all new data. Use one to specify only the most current record. Use any other positive number to specify the
5.1.1.4 Buffer Control
5.1.1.5 Data Format
TX312 Transmitter
number of records to be copied each time GoesData is executed. When copying data, the entire record is copied from the datalogger to the TX312 transmitter.
Buffer Control is used to determine which buffer data is copied to, and if the buffer is erased before data is copied to the buffer. Use Zero to append to the self-timed buffer, use 1 to overwrite the self-timed buffer. Use 2 to append to the random buffer, and 3 to overwrite the random buffer.
Data Format is used to determine what format the data is transmitted in. This is the format of the data sent over the satellite. The TX312 does not determine the actual data format used, but can be set to match for data format selected with the GoesData instruction. Use zero for CSI floating point pseudo binary. Use 1 for floating point ASCII. Use 2 for 18 bit signed integer pseudo binary. Options 3 through 8 are used for RAWS7 or Fire Weather applications. Option 9 is used to clear the random buffer.
In dataloggers that support strings as a data type, all data format options except 3 (RAWS7) will support strings. Strings are transmitted from the first character until the null terminator. If strings contain illegal characters, the TX312 will replace the character with another character. By default the replacement character is an asterisk. The replacement character can be changed.
NOTE
NOTE
Both the random and timed buffers of the TX312 can be set to accept ASCII or Pseudo Binary data. If the TX312 is set to Pseudo Binary, all ASCII data is transmitted as the replacement character, which is an Asterisk by default. When the TX312 is set to ASCII data, both Pseudo Binary and ASCII data are transmitted normally. Data format options zero and 2 are Pseudo Binary, all others are ASCII.
When transmitting random messages in pseudo binary format the message counter must be turned off (RMC=N). The message count is a simple 3 digit count of how many times the transmission has been repeated. Digits (0 - 9) are not legal characters in pseudo binary mode and are replaced at transmission time with the replacement character specified by the IRC command. The default IRC character is *. If the random message counter is on when the random data format is set to pseudo binary, the first 3 characters sent are 0x20,0x20,0x2a (space,space,*) instead of the intended 0x20,0x20,0x31 (space,space,1).
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TX312 Transmitter
NOTE
The order data appears in each transmission can be controlled. Only whole records are copied from the datalogger to the TX312. Each record is copied in the same order it appears in the datalogger memory. The order of data records, oldest to newest or newest to oldest, can be controlled. To arrange data records oldest to newest, execute the GoesData instruction when data is written to the data table. To arrange data newest to oldest, execute the GoesData instruction once per timed transmission. Either method works best when the table option is set to zero.
5.1.1.6 GOESData() Example
' GOESData() Example
' Sample program makes a few simple measurements and ' stores the result in the table named Tempdata. ' All new data from TempData is copied to the ' transmitter hourly.
' An hourly record containing stats regarding ' the Last GOES message are stored in another table
'declarations
Public TCTemp Public PanelT Public battery1 Public RC_Data Public LastStatus(14)
Alias LastStatus(1)=RC_Last Alias LastStatus(2)=Lst_Type Alias LastStatus(3)=Lst_Bytes Alias LastStatus(4)=Lst_Forward Alias LastStatus(5)=Lst_Reflected Alias LastStatus(6)=Lst_BattVolt Alias LastStatus(7)=Lst_GPS Alias LastStatus(8)=Lst_OscDrift Alias LastStatus(9)=Lat_Deg Alias LastStatus(10)=Lat_Min Alias LastStatus(11)=Lat_Secd Alias LastStatus(12)=Long_Deg Alias LastStatus(13)=Long_Min Alias LastStatus(14)=Long_Secd
'program table
DataTable (Tempdata,1,1000) DataInterval (0,15,min,10) Sample (1,TCTemp,FP2) Sample (1,PanelT,FP2) Sample (1,battery1,FP2) EndTable
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DataTable(GoesStats,true,300) DataInterval(0,1,hr,0) Sample(14,LastStatus(),fp2) EndTable
BeginProg Scan (10,Sec,3,0) Battery (battery1) PanelTemp (PanelT,250) TCDiff (TCTemp,1,mV25C ,2,TypeT,PanelT,True ,0,250,1.8,32) CallTable TempData If IfTime (0,1,Hr) GOESData (RC_Data,TempData,0,0,1) EndIf If IfTime (0,10,min) GOESStatus (LastStatus(),2) EndIf CallTable GoesStats NextScan EndProg
TX312 Transmitter
5.1.2 GoesStatus
The GoesStatus instruction is used to read information from the TX312. Information that can be read and stored in the datalogger includes information relating to the next transmission, the last transmission, GPS time and position, and all logged errors. The status information can be used to set the datalogger clock and troubleshoot any problems that might arise. The GoesStatus instruction also includes options to initiate a random transmission on command.
The GoesStatus instruction includes seven different functions: Read Time, Read Status, Read Last Message Status, Transmit Random Message, Read Error Register, Clear Error Register, Return transmitter to on-line mode.
GoesStatus expects two parameters. The first is the array used to store the data returned by GoesStatus, the second is the command to be issued. The first element of each array returned by the GoesStatus command is the result code. The result code is used to test if the GoesStatus instruction executed successfully. When the result code is zero, GoesStatus executed successfully. See Table 5.1-2 for details.
5.1.2.1 GoesStatus Read Time
Example:
Public gps(4)
GoesStatus (gps(), 0)
Command zero (Read Time) will read the TX312 clock. Under normal operating conditions the time is GMT, and quite accurate. There are delays in
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TX312 Transmitter
5.1.2.2 GoesStatus Read Status
reading the time from the TX312. The array needs to be four elements or more. Data is returned as: Result Code, Hour, Minute, Second.
TABLE 5.1-1. GoesStatus Command 0: Read Time
Index Contents
1 Command Result Code 2 Hours (GMT) 3 Minutes 4 Seconds
Example:
Public Stats(13)
GoesStatus(Stats(), 1)
Command 1, (Read Status) is used to read information regarding the current status of the transmitter. Information returned includes the number of bytes in each data buffer, time until transmission and a loaded battery voltage.
TABLE 5.1-2. GoesStatus Command 1: Read Status
Index Contents
1 Command Result Code 2 Bytes of data in self-timed buffer 3 Time until next self-timed transmission: Days 4 Time until next self-timed transmission: Hours 5 Time until next self-timed transmission: Minutes 6 Time until next self-timed transmission: Seconds 7 Bytes of data in random buffer 8 Time until next random transmission interval start: Hours 9 Time until next random transmission interval start: Minutes 10 Time until next random transmission interval: Seconds 11 Failsafe, 1 indicates transmitter disabled due to failsafe. 12 Loaded power supply voltage, 1 amp load. (tenths of volts) 13 Average GPS acquisition time (tens of seconds)
5.1.2.3 GoesStatus Read Last Message Status
Example:
Public LastStats(14)
GoesStatus(LastStats(), 2)
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Command 2 (Read Last Message Status) is used to read information regarding the last transmission. Information includes the type of transmission, size, forward power, reflected power, etc. Also returned is the GPS derived Latitude and Longitude, which is updated once a day. The GPS update interval can be changed.
TABLE 5.1-3. GoesStatus Command 2: Read Last Message Status
Index Contents
1 Command Result Code 2 Message type: Self-timed or Random 3 Size of message in bytes 4 Forward power in tenths of watts 5 Reflected power in tenths of watts 6 Power supply voltage under full load, in tenths of volts 7 GPS acquisition time in tens of seconds 8 Oscillator drift (signed, hundreds of Hz) 9 Latitude degrees 10 Latitude minutes 11 Latitude seconds 12 Longitude degrees 13 Longitude minutes 14 Longitude seconds.
5.1.2.4 GoesStatus Read Error Register
Example:
TX312 Transmitter
Public Errors(10)
GoesStatus(Errors(), 4)
Command 4 (Read Error Register) is used to return the total number of errors that have occurred, and codes describing the last four errors. When the command that caused the error is listed as 31, the error is an internal fault. Otherwise the error is just a communication error.
TABLE 5.1-4. GoesStatus Command 4: Read TX312 Error Registers
Index Contents
1 Result Code 2 Number of Errors 3 Command that Caused the Error 4 Error Code 5 Command that Caused the Error 6 Error Code 7 Command that Caused the Error 8 Error Code 9 Command that Caused the Error 10 Error Code
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TX312 Transmitter
TABLE 5.1-5. Error Codes
Error Codes: Decimal 00 No error 01 Illegal command 02 Command rejected 03 Illegal checksum or too much data 04 Time out or too little data 05 Illegal parameter 06 Transmit buffer overflow 16 PLL lock fault 17 GPS fix fault 18 Input power supply fault 19 Software fault 20 Failsafe fault 21 GPS time synchronization fault 22 SWR fault – RF Load 23 Time Synch edge 1 detect fault 24 Time Synch edge 2 detect fault 25 Internal RF power supply failure
The TX312 has registers used to store information about errors that have occurred. The total number of errors is stored, up to 255. Also stored is the command that was issued when the error occurred and a code specific to the type or error.
Internal fault codes are stored. When the command that failed is listed as 31 (0x1F), the error condition is an internal error with the TX312. The datalogger receives the error code as a hex value and converts to decimal. Decimal values are placed in input locations.
The error codes are very important information if the DCP experiences trouble during operation. Generally a GPS time synchronize fault should not cause concern, but a GPS fault may cause a scheduled transmission to be missed. The data will be sent on the next transmission if the instruction appends data to the self-timed buffer.
The internal TX312 errors provide critical information for diagnostics. Error codes are return in hex format when using SatCommand software. Error codes are returned in decimal format when using the datalogger.
Error code 16 (0x10), message abort due to PLL, is a hardware failure of the phase locked loop circuit. Repeated PLL failures can not be rectified in the field.
Error code 17 (0x11), message abort due to GPS, indicates the transmitter aborted a transmission because the required GPS information was not available at transmit time. Usually the transmitter will transmit on the next transmit time. Check GPS antenna placement and GPS antenna type. See Section 6.3 for more information regarding the GPS antenna.
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TX312 Transmitter
Error code 18 (0x12), message abort due to power supply, indicates the transmitter power supply did not provide enough voltage. Check system battery. If the system battery is low, the RF power supply will not be able to operate properly. The loaded battery voltage must not drop below 10.8 volts.
Error code 19 (0x13), Software error, indicates the transmitter was not able to run its internal software.
Error code 20 (0x14) is the Failsafe error. The failsafe is an internal hardware circuit that will shut down the TX312 if it transmits too frequently or for too long. The failsafe error code is not logged until the transmitter tries to transmit after the failsafe has been tripped. The transmitter only trips the failsafe when a serious hardware failure has occurred. Failsafe limits are different for different baud rates. At 1200 baud, transmission cannot exceed 105 seconds or repeat more often than every 30 seconds. At 100 baud, transmission cannot exceed 270 seconds or repeat more often than 60 seconds. At 300 baud, same transmission on time as 100 baud, but cannot repeat more often then every 30 seconds. The Failsafe can be reset by pressing and holding the reset switch for 10 seconds.
Error code 21 (0x15) indicates the transmitter missed a GPS fix, but does not guarantee a missed a transmission. See Section 6.3 for GPS antenna information.
5.1.3 GoesGPS
Error code 22 (0x16) indicates a Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) Fault. The SWR fault can be triggered by several different conditions. High reflected power will trigger the SWR fault. Reflected power is caused by poor transmission antenna and/or antenna cable condition or wrong type of antenna or antenna cable. See Section 6 for transmission antenna information. Ice buildup on an antenna can change the antenna properties, which can cause excessive reflected power. Corrosion in connectors, water in antenna cables, metal in close proximity to the antenna, and a damaged antenna can also cause excessive reflected power.
The SWR fault can also be triggered by a low battery. If the transmitter cannot generate enough transmission power, the SWR fault will trip. Always check the system battery if there has been an SWR fault. This condition is indicated by low reflected power.
To determine if the reflected power is too high or low, read the last message status information. When the reflected power number is divided by the forward power number, the result should be 0.5, with limits of 0.4 to 0.6. See Section 5.1.2.3 for details on the Last Message Status command.
Example:
Public GPSdata(6), GPStime(7)
GoesGPS(GPSdata(), GPStime())
The instruction GoesGPS() returns two arrays of information. The first array is six elements long. The second array is seven elements long. The first array
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TX312 Transmitter
5.1.4 GoesSetup
includes the result code (see Table 5.1-6), time in seconds since January 1, 2000, Latitude in fractional degrees with 100 nanodegree resolution, Longitude in fractional degrees with 100 nanodegree resolution, Elevation as a signed 32­bit number in centimeters, and Magnetic Variation in fractional degrees with a one millidegree resolution.
The second array, which must be dimensioned to seven, holds year, month, day, hour (GMT), minute, seconds, microseconds. The second array can be used to set the datalogger’s clock. See the ClockSet() instruction in the CRBasic help for details.
In GoesSetup(), All parameters can be variables of type Long except for the Timed Interval, Timed Offset and Random interval which are all of type String.
The GoesSetup() and GoesData() only return error messages at compile time.
Using GoesSetup, the datalogger can configure the transmitter under program control. Because the parameters in the GoesSetup instruction can be variables, error checking is done at run time, not compile time. Using GoesSetup(), the custom display menu options and the datalogger keypad/display, programs can be written that allow TX312 configuration via simple menus on the keypad/display. See CRBasic help and Display Menu for details. GoesSetup can also be used with constant values allowing fixed goes configuration parameters to be stored in the datalogger, and executed when needed.
After GoesSetup executes, several TX312 settings are set to default values.
1) Messages are not centered in the transmission window.
2) Self-Timed message format is set to ASCII, which ONLY changes the flag
word. Pseudo binary formats will still work.
3) Random message format is set to ASCII, which ONLY changes the flag
word. Pseudo binary formats will still work.
4) Empty buffer message is turned off.
5) Randomizing percentage is set to 50%.
6) Data in the random buffer is repeated until cleared by the datalogger.
7) Random message counter is turned off.
Instruction details:
GoesSetup(Result Code, Platform ID, Window, Timed Channel, Time Baud, Random Channel, Random Baud, Timed Interval, Timed Offset, Random Interval)
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5.1.4.1 Result Code
TX312 Transmitter
Result Code is used to indicate success or failure. Zero indicates Success. Positive result codes indicate communication problems; negative result codes indicate an illegal value in one of the parameters. See Table 5.1-6 for positive result codes and Table 5.1-7 for negative result codes.
TABLE 5.1-6. Result Codes Indicating Communication Problems
0 Command executed successfully 2 Time out waiting for STX character after SDC addressing 3 Wrong character (not STX) received after SDC Addressing 4 Something other than ACK returned when select data buffer
command executed 5 Timed out waiting for an ACK when data buffer command was sent 6 CS I/O port not available, port busy 7 ACK not returned following data append or insert command
TABLE 5.1-7. GoesSetup and GoesData Runtime Result Codes
Code Error Condition
-11 Illegal Buffer Control
-12 Illegal Message Window
-13 Illegal Channel Number
-14 Illegal Baud Rate
-15 R count Error
-16 Illegal Data Format
-17 Illegal Data Format FP2_ASCII
-18 Self-Timed Interval Error
-19 Self-Timed Offset Error
-20 Random Interval Error
-21 Platform ID Error
5.1.4.2 Platform ID
Platform ID is an eight-character hexadecimal number assigned by NESDIS. The Platform ID is always divisible by 2. Valid characters are 0-9 and A-F.
5.1.4.3 Window
Window is the message window length in seconds. Valid range is 5-120.
5.1.4.4 Timed Channel
Timed Channel is the assigned self-timed transmission channel. Valid range for 300 bps is 0-266 and 0-133 for 1200 bps. Often1200 bps channels are referred to using the 300 channel number scheme. Divide by 2 to get the real 1200 baud channel number.
5.1.4.5 Timed Baud Rate
Timed Baud rate is assigned and channel dependent. Valid options are 100, 300, and 1200.
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