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CSM1 Card Storage Module
User Manual
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Campbell Scientific CSM1 Card Storage Module User Manual

INSTRUCTION MANUAL
CSM1 Card Storage Module and
CSMCOM and SMCRead Software
Revision: 3/01
Copyright (c) 1993-2001
Campbell Scientific, Inc.

Warranty and Assistance

Products may not be returned without prior authorization. The following contact information is for US and International customers residing in countries served by Campbell Scientific, Inc. directly. Affiliate companies handle repairs for customers within their territories. Please visit www.ca mpbellsci.co m to determine which Campbell Scientific company serves your country. To obtain a Returned Materials Authorization (RMA), contact CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC., phone (435) 753-2342. After an applications engineer determines the nature of the problem, an RMA number will be issued. Please write this number clearly on the outside of the shipping container. CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC's shipping address is:
CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.
RMA#_____ 815 West 1800 North Logan, Utah 84321-1784
CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. does not accept collect calls.

LIMITED WARRANTY

Campbell Scientific, Inc. warrants that the magnetic diskette on which the accompanying computer software is recorded and the documentation provided with it are free from physical defects in materials and workmanship under normal use. Campbell Scientific, Inc. warrants that the computer software itself will perform substantially in accordance with the specifications set forth in the Operator’s Manual published by Campbell Scientific, Inc. Campbell Scientific, Inc. warrants that the software is compatible with IBM PC/XT/AT and PS/2 microcomputers and 100% compatible computers only. Campbell Scientific, Inc. is not responsible for incompatibility of this software running under any operating system other than those specified in accompanying data sheets or operator’s manuals.
The above warranties are made for ninety (90) days from the date of original shipment. Campbell Scientific, Inc. will replace any magnetic diskette or documentation which proves defective in
materials or workmanship without charge. Campbell Scientific, Inc. will either replace or correct any software that does not perform substantially
according to the specifications set forth in the Operator’s Manual with a corrected copy of the software or corrective code. In the case of a significant error in the documentation, Campbell Scientific, Inc. will correct errors in the documentation without charge by providing addenda or substitute pages.
If Campbell Scientific, Inc. is unable to replace defective documentation or a defective diskette, or if Campbell Scientific, Inc. is unable to provide corrected software or corrected documentation within a reasonable time, Campbell Scientific, Inc. will either replace the software with a functionally similar program or refund the purchase price paid for the software.
Campbell Scientific, Inc. does not warrant that the software will meet licensee’s requirements or that the software or documentation are error free or that the operation of the software will be uninterrupted. The warranty does not cover any diskette or documentation which has been damaged or abused. The software warranty does not cover any software which has been altered or changed in any way by anyone other than Campbell Scientific, Inc. Campbell Scientific, Inc. is not responsible for problems caused by computer hardware, computer operating systems or the use of Campbell Scientific, Inc.’s software with non-Campbell Scientific, Inc. software.
ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED AND EXCLUDED. CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. SHALL NOT IN ANY CASE BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, OR OTHER SIMILAR DAMAGES EVEN IF CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
Campbell Scientific, Inc. is not responsible for any costs incurred as a result of lost profits or revenue, loss of use of the software, loss of data, cost of re-creating lost data, the cost of any substitute program, claims by any party other than licensee, or for other similar costs.
LICENSEE’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY IS SET FORTH IN THIS LIMITED WARRANTY. CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.’S AGGREGATE LIABILITY ARISING FROM OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE SOFTWARE OR DOCUMENTATION (REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ACTION - E.G., CONTRACT, TORT, COMPUTER MALPRACTICE, FRAUD AND/OR OTHERWISE) IS LIMITED TO THE PURCHASE PRICE PAID BY THE LICENSEE.

LICENSE FOR USE

This software is protected by both United States copyright law and international copyright treaty provisions. You may copy it onto a computer to be used and you may make archival copies of the software for the sole purpose of backing-up Campbell Scientific, Inc. software and protecting your investment from loss. All copyright notices and labeling must be left intact.
This software may be used by any number of people, and may be freely moved from one computer location to another, so long as there is no possibility of it being used at one location while it’s being used at another. The software, under the terms of this license, cannot be used by two different people in two different places at the same time.
CSM1 Card Storage Module Table of Contents
PDF viewers note: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use the Adobe Acrobat® bookmarks tab for links to specific sections.
1. Introduction............................................................................ 1
2. Specifications........................................................................ 2
2.1 Datalogger Compatibility..........................................................................2
2.2 Card Types Supported..............................................................................3
2.3 Compatibility with SM192 and SM716 Storage Modules........................3
2.4 Operating Specifications...........................................................................3
3. Getting Started...................................................................... 4
4. Storing Data............................................................................ 6
4.1 CR10.........................................................................................................6
4.2 21X/CR7...................................................................................................8
4.3 DSP4.........................................................................................................9
4.4 Data Retrieval...........................................................................................9
5. Storing Datalogger Programs .......................................... 9
6. Selected Operating Details.............................................. 11
7. Telecommunications......................................................... 12
Appendices
A. 9-Pin Storage Module Interface....................................A-1
5.1 Transferring Programs to/from Datalogger.............................................10
5.2 Transferring Programs to/from DSP4.....................................................10
6.1 Inserting the Card in the CSM1 ..............................................................11
6.2 Response of CSM1 on Detection of Full Card Memory.........................11
7.1 Connecting the CSM1 to non-IBM computers........................................12
7.2 Establishing Communications.................................................................13
7.3 Breaking Communications......................................................................13
i
CSM1 Card Storage Module Table of Contents
B. Internal Data Formats and Pointers in the Card
Memory
B.1 Byte Pairs............................................................................................ B-1
B.2 File Structure....................................................................................... B-1
B.3 Program Files...................................................................................... B-1
B.4 Data Pointers....................................................................................... B-1
...........................................................................B-1
C. Card Batteries....................................................................C-1
C.1 General................................................................................................ C-1
C.2 Battery Status Detection...................................................................... C-2
D. Telecommunications Commands...............................D-1
E. SC532A.................................................................................E-1
Figures
1. CSM1 Case................................................................................................ 2
2. Connection of the CSM1 to PC.................................................................. 5
Tables
1. Status Indicator Flashing Sequence............................................................ 5
2. Sample CR10 Program Using P96 to Send Data to CSM1........................ 7
ii

CSM1 Card Storage Module

The Card Storage Module system consists of a microprocessor-controlled read/write module (the CSM1) and removable credit card sized memory cards that hold data and/or datalogger programs in battery-backed memory. The memory cards are easily exchanged and transported to a computer for data retrieval.
The module is quickly prepared for use, and features built-in status indicators for module operation and data storage. The CSM1 can be left with the datalogger and the memory cards exchanged at regular intervals, or it can be moved from datalogger to datalogger to retrieve data from each one in turn. The low quiescent power consumption and wide operating temperature range allow the module to be used in remote battery-powered applications.

1. Introduction

Data stored in a card is separated into files. The files are stored sequentially in the card and are segregated by filemarks. A filemark is written into the card when it is plugged into a CSM1, or can be written under software control by the datalogger or computer. This allows data from different dataloggers or different experimental runs to be separated.
Datalogger programs can also be stored from and loaded into a datalogger using the CSM1. (21X and CR7 dataloggers need recent versions of their operating software; see section 2.)
Two software programs are available for transferring data into an IBM­compatible PC and storing datalogger programs created on the PC in the card. SMCREAD is used when the computer has a built-in PC card slot. CSMCOM is used to transfer data from the CSM1 or MCR1 via the computer’s RS232 port. The CSM1 can be connected to the RS232 port via a SC532(A) (Figure
2). The MCR1 Memory Card Reader has an RS232 port for direct cable connection to the Computer.
Alternatively you can develop your own programs to communicate with the CSM1. Simple ASCII telecommunications commands can be sent to the CSM1 to extract data and load programs.
The CSM1 unit is housed in a compact aluminum case (see figure 1). The card slot and connector are designed so that the card cannot be inserted the wrong way round. The card pushes in and locates with a positive click, and a push­button eject mechanism releases the card from the slot.
1
CSM1 Card Storage Module
FIGURE 1. CSM1 Case
Below the card slot is a male 9-pin D connector. This is a Campbell Scientific serial port. An SC12 cable (supplied) is used to connect this port to the datalogger (for data storage) or SC532(A) interface (for data retrieval). The card slot and 9-pin connector are positioned together to allow the CSM1 to be mounted against the side wall of small enclosures, yet still allow the card to be removed, or the unit to be unplugged. By removing the electronic circuit boards inside the CSM1 the unit can be fixed to mounting plates, using the two screw holes in the base of the case.

2. Specifications

2.1 Datalogger Compatibility

Visible on the top of the CSM1 are two light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The red 'Status' LED indicates the status of the module and card when the CSM1 is first powered up. The green 'Write' LED indicates when the CSM1 is writing to the card.
The CSM1 can be used with the CR10, 21X, CR7 and DSP4. (The BDR320 is not currently supported.) The CSM1 emulates the SM192/716 Storage Modules for data storage (9600 baud, binary). Data can also be stored at 9600 baud in ASCII formats, but this uses more card memory. The CSM1 also supports data storage at 76800 baud with the CR10 Burst Mode instruction.
Program storage and retrieval are supported for the CR10, 21X, CR7 and DSP4. The 21X and CR7 must be fitted with OSX- or OS7- software respectively.
Where the datalogger software supports it, a program stored in program area 8 in the memory card is automatically loaded into the datalogger on power-up.
2

2.2 Card Types Supported

The CSM1 supports JEIDA 4, PCMCIA standard memory cards. Sizes of 256K to 2M are supported (256 bytes reserved for system use). Low resolution data format requires two bytes per data value with high resolution data occupying four bytes. Datalogger programs require the space as stored on disk, plus an overhead of approximately five bytes.
Standard card sizes are 256K, 1M and 2M. These equate to low resolution data capacities of 130944, 524160, and 1048448 locations respectively. (Please contact Campbell Scientific to check on the preferred card size and availability.)
CSM1 Card Storage Module
NOTE
CSM1 operation cannot be guaranteed with cards not tested and supplied by Campbell Scientif ic.

2.3 Compatibility with SM192 and SM716 Storage Modules

Unlike the SM192/716 Storage Modules the CSM1 does not support *9 Mode commands for the CR10 datalogger. Also it does not support remote communications via a CR10 datalogger.
The module address is fixed at 1. Therefore only one CSM1 can be connected to a CR10. However, additional SM192/716 modules can be attached at the same time as a CSM1, providing their addresses are not 1.

2.4 Operating Specifications

Operating temperature: -40°C to +50°C Battery type: Typical battery life:
Typical current (@ 25°C):
Quiescent: Active: < 18 mA
1
2
3
Lithium coin cell. 7 years @ -20°C
8 years @ +20°C 1 year @ +60°C
< 0.5 mA
Interface type: 9-pin D Campbell Scientific. Connection to
datalogger using SC12 cable (supplied).
Baud Rate:
Accepting data: 9600 baud. Telecommunications:4Supports all standard rates in the range of 300 to
38400 baud.
Memory configuration: Fill and stop only. Data and pro grams delimited
into files using filemarks.
Dimensions:
Card: 85 x 54 x 3 mm CSM1: 155 x 90 x 32 mm
3
CSM1 Card Storage Module
Weight:
Card: 30 g CSM1: 350 g
Construction: Anodized aluminum case. Two LEDs in case top
indicate power-up status and data write operations.
1
Type and capacity varies with card manufacturer and card size. Capacity 120
to 170mAh.
2
These figures apply when the card is disconnected from an external power supply, i.e. the card is not plugged into the module and/or the module is not being powered by a datalogger. Low battery detection indicates approximately 3% battery life remaining. The CSM1 blocks attempted data storage when the battery is exhausted. Please see Appendix C for further details.
3
Less than 200 µA for the module plus the standby current of the card (110 µA typical for a typical 1 M card). The standby current of the card increases with card size, although not always in direct proportion.
4
Serial data format for telecommunications is one start bit, eight data bits, no parity and one stop bit. Potential data read speed using CSMCOM on a 25MHz 386 PC, at 38400 baud, (to hard disk in comma delineated format) is 1500 data values per second.

3. Getting Started

1. When you first receive a Card Storage Module please check you have
2. New memory cards are supplied without the battery installed to prevent
3. Because the battery was not fitted, the card memory will be corrupted and
4. Connect the CSM1 to your PC. To do this you need either an SC532(A)
been supplied with an SC12 cable and the memory card that you ordered.
premature discharge in transit o r storage. Install the battery, following the small instruction leaflet supplied with the card.
Be sure to insert the battery with the correct polarity. Also check that the write protect switch (if fitted), is not set in th e 'protect' position.
the card will need to be erased and reformatted before you can use it. First install CSMCOM or SMCREAD from the disk sup plied, following the instructions in the manual. (If you do not intend to use CSMCOM or SMCREAD, see section 7.)
Steps 4-6 are for computers without a PC cardslot (CSMCOM).
interface or a PC201 card with an SC209 cable (see PC201 manual for installation details). If using an SC532(A), connect it to one of the free serial (COM) ports of your PC using either an SC25PS cable or 7026 9 to 25 pin adapter, which plugs into the 25-pin connector on the SC532(A). Make sure the SC532(A) is plugged into a power source and the PC is running. Plug the SC12 cable into the 9-pin port of the SC532(A).
4
CSM1 Card Storage Module
5. Plug the memory card into the CSM1. The card should be inserted with
the end with the small connector holes placed into the connector. It should not be possible to insert the card the wrong way round. Push the card in until you feel a positive click and the small button next to the card pops out.
6. Plug the SC12 cable from the SC532(A) (or SC209 cable if using a PC201
card) into the 9-pin connector on the end of the CSM1. Observe the status LED on the top of the case. After a short delay (up to 3.5s) this should flash a number of times to indicate the status of the module and card. The LED flashes for 0.5s, with a wait period of 0.5s between flashes. Refer to table 1 for a full description of the status indication. For a corrupt/unformatted card it should flash four times. If the LED does not flash, check all power and cable connections.
SC532(A)
FIGURE 2. Connection of CSM1 to PC
TABLE 1. Status Indicator Flashing Sequence
No. of Flashes Indication
1 Card Storage Module and card OK 2 EPROM failed; contact Campbell Scientific 3 Card not plugged into module 4 Card corrupted or unformatted 5 Card battery DEAD — CSM1 will not store data 6 Card write-protected 7 Card full warning (see section 6.2 for detailed explanation)
7. Run CSMCOM or SMCREAD. When the menu appears use option E to erase and test the card. This tests and reformats the card.
8. Once the erase process is finished the card is ready to be used. Quit the program and unplug the CSM1.
5
CSM1 Card Storage Module
NOTES

4. Storing Data

1) While performing the power up tests, the 'Write' LED will normally flash for a short period, before the status indicator flashes. This is caused by the CSM1 checking that it is able to write to the card.
2) It is important that the SC12 connector is plugged into the CSM1 and also into the SC532(A) or datalogger, with the connector held perpendicular to the end of the case. If you force the connector in at any other angle, the CSM1 may not perform its power-up status display, although normally it will still be able to store data. However, if the CSM1 d oes not flash the status LED on power-up, it is advisable to unplug, wait five seconds and plug it back into the datalogger to ensure there has been a good connection.
3) If you experience problems in communicating with a CSM1 when using a PC201 card, please refer to Appendix B of the CSMCOM manual for possible address problems and Appendix A of this manual for details of possible problems with the PC201 power supply.

4.1 CR10

The CSM1 emulates Campbell Scientific's SM192/716 Storage Modules for most aspects of data storage. Therefore the same basic programs and procedures are used to store data in the CSM1. Details of how to store data for each datalogger type are given below.
Write your program as normal, including instructions to store data to Final Storage. Include Instruction 96 to store data to a Storage Module, after the output instructions. The CSM1 has a fixed address of 1 so the first and only parameter for Instruction 96 is 71 (see Table 2 for an example program).
Under the control of the program shown in Table 2, the CR10 makes a Module temperature measurement (in °C) and a thermocouple measurement (converted to °F) every 5 seconds. Every hour, the output flag is set and the Day, Hour and Minute as well as the hourly averages for the two temperatures are sent to Final Storage. Following this, the same data is sent to the CSM1, if present.
If the CSM1 is not present, the data is backlogged for later transfer.
If you are using older versions of EDLOG to develop your program, entering the code 71 for Instruction 96 will only display SM192/SM716 as the output option. Using parameter 71 will still work with the CSM1.
6
TABLE 2. Sample CR10 Program Using P96 To Send Data To CSM1
*Table 1 Programs
01: 5 Sec. Execution Interval
01: Module Temperature (P17)
01: 1 Loc [:MOD TEMP ]
02: Thermocouple Temp (DIFF) (P14)
1: 1 Rep 2: 1 2.5 mV slow Range 3: 1 IN Chan 4: 1 Type T (Copper-Constantan) 5: 1 Ref Temp Loc MOD TEMP 6: 2 Loc [:TCTEMP ] 7: 1 Mult 8: 0 Offset
03: If time is (P92)
1: 0 minutes into a 2: 60 minute interval 3: 10 Set high Flag 0 (output)
CSM1 Card Storage Module
04: Real Time (P77)
1: 110 Day,Hour-Minute
05: Average (P71)
1: 2 Reps 2: 1 Loc MOD TEMP
06: Serial Output (P96)
1: 71 SM192/SM716/CSM1
07: End Table 1
If the CR10 executes Instruction 96 when a CSM1 is not plugged into the datalogger, the data is not lost. As long as the CR10's memory is not overwritten, it remembers which data it last stored to the CSM1. Each time the CR10 executes Instruction 96 it checks for the presence of the CSM1 and outputs data if the CSM1 is connected and able to store data.
Using this feature you can use the CSM1 to collect data from a CR10 programmed with Instruction 96, without the need for a keyboard or any knowledge of the operation of the datalogger. To collect data simply plug in the CSM1. The 'Write' LED flashes briefly and the 'Status' LED f lashes once to indicate that the CSM1 is ready. You then wait until Instruction 96 is executed. When this happens the CR10 d etects the CSM1 and sends data to it; the 'Write' LED illuminates as data is written to the card. The 'Write' LED only goes out when the CR10 has finished writin g all the data destined for the Storage Module. When it does go out you can disconnect the module, having collected all available data.
You can also initiate data transfers to th e CSM1 manually using the *8 Mode commands, again specifying the destination code as 71 (Storage Module with
7
CSM1 Card Storage Module
an address of 1). For Instruction 96 it is also possible to write a filem a r k into the memory card, to effectively close an open file, by pressing 'C' after the address (displayed as '71--').
The CSM1 also supports data storage at 76800 baud, when output from the CR10 with the Burst Mode instruction. To do this specify the output code for 'Serial port, 76800 baud to SM192/716 Storage Module' (see CR10 manual for further details).
NOTE
The CSM1 does not support the *9 commands with the CR10.

4.2 21X/CR7

If your 21X/CR7 has a version of OSX/OS7 software respectively you should store data by including Instruction 96 after the data storage instructions, with the device code 30 as the first and only parameter of Instruction 96.
With OSX/OS7 software the datalogger checks for the presence of the module before outputting data. If the module is not connected the datalogger does not output data but remembers which data has dumped to the module. Thus you can leave a datalogger without a module connected and collect the data at a later date, without touching the keyboard, as outlined above for the CR10.
Manual dumps of data to the module are done using the *9 Mode, entering 30 for the device code. Both *9 and Instruction 96 can also be used to write a filemark into the card by specifying a device code of 31.
If you do not have OSX/OS7 software we recommend you consider upgrading your datalogger software. However, it is still possible to store data to the card as follows:
4.2.1 21X With ESX Software and CR7 With ‘700X’ Control Module
Use Instruction 96 to store data in binary format at 9600 baud, i.e. device code
22. Do not use the *4 Mode to enable printer output.
CAUTION
The operating system treats the module as a printer and does not check to see whether it is connected. Therefore if the CSM1 is not connected data can be lost.
Manual dumps can only be done at 9600 baud, in ASCII format, using the *9 Mode (see below).
4.2.2 21X Without Extended Software and CR7 With ‘700’ Control Module
Output must be enabled using the *4 Mode to enable output at 9600 baud to the printer. Data is transferred and stored in the module in printable ASCII format. The CSM1 makes no attempt at encoding the data, so each data value occupies approximately 10 bytes (five locations) of memory in the card, as opposed to two bytes (one location) for low resolution data in binary format.
8
CSM1 Card Storage Module
CAUTION

4.3 DSP4

CAUTION
As with ESX software, the datalogger does not check for the presence of the CSM1, so if the module is not connected data could be lost.
Manual dumps to the module are done by setting the baud rate parameter of the *4 Mode to 9600 baud. Data is then dumped using the *9 Mode.
When reading data that has been stored in the card in ASCII format using CSMCOM, you should select the format 'As stored (8-bit data)'. This stores the data, as it is in the card, in printable ASCII format onto disk. You cannot convert such data to comma-delineated data using CSMCOM.
DSP4s that support storage of data to a Storage Module can be used by enabling output at 9600 baud in binary (9600B). The CSM1 is used in the same way as an SM192/716 Storage Module.
The DSP4 does not check if a Storage Module is plugged in when it outputs data, so if the module is not c onnected data will be lost.
NOTE
When using pre-OSX 21X dataloggers, pre-OS7 CR7 dataloggers and DSP4s you should allow the CSM1 to finish its power-up test routines, which take about five seconds, before allowing output of data to the CSM1, as data may be lost during the power-up test.

4.4 Data Retrieval

Once data is stored in the card, the card or whole module can be unplugged and the data read off the card. This is normally done using the CSMCOM program, on an IBM-compatible PC (see CSMCOM manual for full details). As an initial trial of reading data, connect the CSM1 to the PC, run CSMCOM and use the N option to collect the newest data f ile.
If data has been stored in the card in binary format, as is normal when using Instruction 96, you can specify whether to write the data to disk in comma delineated or printable ASCII form at. If data was stored in the card in printab le ASCII format (on old 21X/CR7 dataloggers) or in Burst Mode binary format, you should store the data to disk using the 'As stored (8-bit)' option.

5. Storing Datalogger Programs

Datalogger programs can be stored in the cards for subsequent loading into a datalogger. The programs are stored in the card using the same memory available for data storage, i.e. there is no reserved area in which programs are stored. When loaded into the card the programs are put into special files in the
9
CSM1 Card Storage Module

5.1 Transferring Programs to/ from Datalogger

next available memory in the card. Every two bytes of a .DLD file loaded into the card reduces the amount of space for data storage by one location.
CR10 dataloggers, 21X dataloggers with OSX software and CR7 dataloggers with OS7 software can be instructed to transfer a program between the datalogger's memory and one of the eight program areas of the CSM1 memory card. This is done using the *D Mode:
1. Connect the CSM1 to the datalogger and using the keyboard (CR10KD
for the CR10), enter *D. Enter 71A in response to the '13:' prompt, to address the CSM1.
2. To store a program in the card enter 1nA, when n is the number of the
card program area (1..8) in which you wish to store the datalogger program.
3. To load a program from the card into the datalogger, enter 2nA, where n
is the number of the card program area (1..8) in which the program is stored.
4. To clear a program stored in a card, enter 3nA, where n is the card
program area.
NOTE
CAUTION
This does not immediately free the memory used by the program for use for data storage. The card must be erased to allow that memory to be used again.
CR10s with software OS10-0.1 (and later), 21Xs with OSX and CR7s with OS7 software support automatic loading of a program from card program area 8 when the datalogger first powers up. The program is loaded into program memory, compiled, and executed.
The datalogger clock is set to the default value on power­up and needs setting manually to the correct date and time if this is critical to the application.

5.2 Transferring Programs to/from DSP4

Programs can be loaded and unloaded to and from a DSP4 in the same way as is done with an SM192/SM716 Storage Module (see DSP4 manual for further details).
10

6. Selected Operating Details

6.1 Inserting the Card in the CSM1

One of the features of the CSM1 is that you can either leave the card in the module and move the module from datalogger to datalogger (or from datalogger to office), or you can install the module with the datalogger and transport the memory cards between sites. Whichever is your chosen method of use, it is critical that the card is inserted into the module correctly.
When plugging the card in, please ensure that you push the card in firmly until it reaches the back of the card connector, i.e. it will go no further. The eject button on the card slot comes out as the card is pushed in. When the card is fully inserted, the end of the eject button should be level with the end of the card.
If the card is plugged into a module which is then connected to a datalogger the CSM1 validates the status of the card on power-up and reports any errors by flashing the status LED (see Table 1). If a card is plugged into a CSM1 which is already connected to a datalogger, similar tests are done on the card and the status LED flashes with the same meaning. If the LED flashes three times indicating the card is not plugged in it is possible that you have not inserted it correctly. To correct this you should remove the card completely and reinsert it.
CSM1 Card Storage Module

6.2 Response of CSM1 on Detection of Full Card Memory

The card memory structure is pred efined as 'fill and stop'. This means that data can be stored in the card until it is determ ined that it is full. The card is then marked by the CSM1 as being full and can no longer can be used to store new data. The card must be erased before it can store new data.
The CSM1 recognizes that a card is full if it reaches the end of available memory while storing data. At this point the CSM1 changes the indicated number of available storage locations to zero and marks the card as full. Further attempts at data storage are not accepted; this is evident when a datalogger attempts to write data as the 'Write' LED will not illuminate.
This method of marking the card as full can lead to confusion when writing data to the card with the CR10 or when storing programs in the card using a PC. This is because both processes involve transferring blocks of data to the CSM1, with a validation procedure at the end of the transfer process.
In the case of the CR10 data, the CSM1 accepts data from the datalogger as a complete block and writes it to the card as it receives the block. However, it only updates its internal data pointers to indicate it has new data at the end of a transmission from the CR10. Also, the CR10 only updates its own Storage Module Pointer (SPTR) after a signal from the CSM1 that it has received the data correctly.
If the CSM1 detects that a card is full while accepting data from a CR10, it marks the card as full and immediately aborts the receipt of the whole block. It
11
CSM1 Card Storage Module
does not move its internal pointers and consequently the CR10 does not get confirmation of successful data transfer at the end of the transmission; thus it does not move its SPTR. This means th at no data is lost as the CR10 will send the whole block again. However, for a large block transmission from the datalogger, e.g. a manual dump of the whole memory, it can appear that the card suddenly becomes full without storing any data from the datalogger. Subsequent attempts at storing small blocks of data to the card are unsuccessful, as the card is marked as full and the module does not wake up. This method of operation has been implemented to minimize power consumption in remote applications.
A similar phenomenon will be apparent when writing large programs or text files to a card that is almost full.
Once a card has been marked as full it cannot store any more data until the 'full' flag is reset. There are two mechanisms you can use to do this:
1) By erasing and resetting the card, after extracting your data.
2) By disconnecting and reconnecting the CSM1 to the datalogger. If the
card is plugged in when the CSM1 powers up, the CSM1 will warn you that the card has previously been marked as being 'full' by flashing the status LED seven times. The CSM1 will then reset the card's internal 'full' flag to enable further attempts at data sto r ag e to be made. If there is any free space in the card, it can then be used to collect smaller blocks of data. However, if it is reconnected to the same CR10, as in the example above, which still has too large a block of uncollected data, collection will not be successful. If too large a block is sen t ag ain, the card will be marked as full again.

7. Telecommunications

Campbell Scientific's CSMCOM program is recommended for communicating with the CSM1 when using IBM-compatible PCs under the DOS operating system. However, any computer can communicate with the CSM1 via an RS232 interface.
This section describes how to connect and establish communication with the CSM1 when not using CSMCOM. It also describes the telecommunications commands to which the CSM1 responds. These can be used when writing your own software, or when using the terminal emulator mode of CSMCOM.

7.1 Connecting the CSM1 to Non-IBM Computers

The SC532(A) is normally used to connect the CSM1 to the serial port of a computer. The SC532(A) is wired as a DCE, RS232 device. Please refer to the SC532(A) manual and your computer manual to ensure correct connection of the two.
To wake up the CSM1 into telecommunications mode, two handshaking lines (lines 4 and 20) on the SC532(A) must be taken from the MARK (negative) to SPACE (positive) state and held high during communications.
12
CSM1 Card Storage Module
NOTE
It is critical that line 4 does not go positive befor e line 20. This can either be done under careful software control, or by tying the two lines together at the SC532(A) and using just one line on the computer to pull the two lines high on the SC532(A).
If it is not possible to control these lines by so ftware, then the older SM232A is available that uses a mechanical switch to emulate setting the lines high or low. Please contact Campbell Scientific for further details.

7.2 Establishing Communications

After raising the lines as described above, a series of carriage return characters (ASCII decimal 13) with a 100ms delay between them must be sent to the CSM1 to enable it to determine the baud r a te f or communication.
The CSM1 works with a serial format of eight bits, one start bit, one stop bit, and no parity. Valid baud rates are 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, and 38400. Please contact Campbell Scientific for further advice before attempting to use speeds of 38400.
Normally, the CSM1 will respond to the second carriage return sent to it with the standard telecommunication prompt, a '?' preceded by carriage return, linefeed.

7.3 Breaking Communications

Communications are broken either by taking lines 4 and 20 low, or by removing power from the CSM1, e.g. unplugging the SC532(A) power supply.
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CSM1 Card Storage Module
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Appendix A. 9-Pin Storage Module Interface

Pin 1 (input) 5V supply to CSM1. The minimum voltage for
operation is 4.85V. Below approximately 4.85V the CSM1 will neither accept data nor communicate; it is disabled. The only time that this may cause a problem is when using Campbell Scientific equ ip ment with the PC201 card. This uses the PC 5V supply to power the module. The 5V supply of some PCs may not be set up accurately and be below the minimum voltage for operation of the CSM1. If this is the case you should use another PC or have the PC power supply adjusted. For powering the CSM1 this power supply must be capable of supplying up to 18mA continuously, with peaks of up to 100mA.
Pin 2 Power and signal ground
Pin 3 (input) Ring indicate (not used by module)
Pin 4 (output) CSM1 Transmit Data line (TxD). In
telecommunications mode data is transmitted to the computer on this line. Data is transmitted asynchronously at levels of 0-5V DC. The idle state is 0V. This line is held high to indicate that the CSM1 can accept data, when receiving data from 21X and CR7 dataloggers.
Pin 5 (input) Modem Enable line. The module uses this line to detect
other communications activity on the datalogger serial port. When this line is high, the CSM1 does not attempt to communicate.
Pin 6 (input) Printer Enable/Serial Device Enable lin e. I n
combination with line 7 this is used by the datalogger to wake up the CSM1 to receive data. The mode of operation depends on the datalogger type (see datalogger manual for further details). To force the CSM1 into telecommunications mode this line must be taken high with line 7.
Pin 7 (input/output) Clock/Handshake line. For the CR10, this line is used in
conjunction with line 6 to control transfer of data to the CSM1. For telecommunications mode this must be taken high before, or at exactly the same time as pin 6.
Pin 8 (input) Not used
Pin 9 (input) CSM1 Receive Data line (RxD). Data transmitted from
a datalogger or computer is received on this line.
A-1
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Appendix B. Internal Data Formats and Pointers in the Card Memory

Knowledge of the format in which data is stored in the card memory is not normally necessary to use the CSM1. However, if you intend to save text files in the card or need to try to extract corrupted data, the following information may be useful.

B.1 Byte Pairs

All data stored in the card is stored in byte pairs. If you transmit a file to the module that has an uneven number of bytes, the remaining odd byte at the end of the file is filled with an ASCII null (0 Hex ) character.

B.2 File Structure

Data files are delimited in the card using m ar kers called filemarks. A filemark is written to the card when either a CSM1 with card is p o wer ed up or if a card is plugged into a CSM1 that is powered up. Filemarks can also be written into a card under software control in telecommunications mode or with some dataloggers. Filemarks are also written into the card, with dataloggers that fully support the Storage Modules, when a program is recompiled in the datalogger. A filemark is not written into the card if a filemark already exists in the preceding data location.
A filemark is the byte pair 7C 01 Hex stored in the card. If you send this sequence to the CSM1 as data it is interpreted as a filemark.
To allow for future developments the CSM1 always places a filemark in the first location in a card during the process of erasing a card. It is necessary to jump over this filemark, by placing the display pointer at location 2, before you can read the first data file in the card.

B.3 Program Files

Datalogger programs are stored in the card in the next available area of memory (as would be new data). Datalogger programs always start with the byte sequence 011111101 XXXXXXXX 1XXXXXXX (X = don't care). A filemark may also be found before this sequence if no data has been stored in the card since the card was last powered down. To enable the CSM1 to find each program quickly without having to scan through the whole card, the card holds a record (in the reserved memory) of where each program starts.

B.4 Data Pointers

256 bytes of the card are reserved to hold working data relevant to the management of data in the card. Within this area are stored three pointers you can observe or control via the status line:
B-1
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