“PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED BY CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. are
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CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.
RMA#_____
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Table of Contents
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8-1. Mix ratio versus precipitation received ..............................................10
i
Table of Contents
ii
CS705 Snowfall Adapter
1. Introduction
The CS705 Snowfall Adapter converts a TE525WS Texas Electronics Rain
Gage to a rain and snow gage. It consists of an antifreeze reservoir, overflow
tube, and catch tube. Snow captured in the catch tube dissolves into the
antifreeze raising the overall level. The mixture flows through the overflow
tube into the tipping bucket where it is measured. A slot in the top of the
overflow tube prevents the tube from developing a siphon.
Before installing the CS705, please study
• Section 2, Cautionary Statements
• Section 3, Initial Inspection
• Section 4, Quickstart
2. Cautionary Statements
•The CS705 possesses inherent delays and is not suitable for real-time
precipitation measurements (see Section 5, Overview).
•Since regular maintenance is required, choose a site that is easily
accessible throughout the winter.
•Wear safety glasses and rubber or neoprene gloves while handling and
pouring antifreeze.
•Campbell Scientific strongly recommends using antifreeze consisting of a
1:1 mixture of propylene glycol and ethanol (PGE). Appendix A provides
MSDS information for the PGE antifreeze offered by Campbell Scientific.
•Avoid using the antifreeze commonly used in cars or RVs. This
antifreeze, which consists of propylene glycol or ethylene glycol, increases
the likelihood of ice bridging (see Section 5.1, Antifreeze).
•The antifreeze/snowfall mixture needs to be captured from the tipping
bucket gage and properly disposed of in accordance with local, state, and
federal regulations.
•The CS705 should be removed and cleaned in the summer, and reinstalled
before the winter season.
1
CS705 Snowfall Adapter
3. Initial Inspection
•Upon receipt of the CS705, inspect the packaging and contents for
damage. File damage claims with the shipping company.
•Immediately check package contents against the shipping documentation
(see Section 3.1, Ships With). Contact Campbell Scientific about any
discrepancies.
3.1 Ships With
The CS705 is shipped with the CM270, CS705 Mounting Kit (pn 20621).
Refer to FIGURE 4-1 for information on positioning the various mounting
hardware.
The CM270 mounting kit includes the following:
• (1) band clamp (pn 20605)
• (1) band clamp (pn 20606)
• (1) storage mount (pn 20636)
• (3) screws (pn 14108, 8-32)
• (1) tipping bucket rain gage mount (pn 20637)
• (1) U-bolt with matching nuts (pn 17492)
• (2) flat washers (pn 4365)
• (2) lock washers (pn 4366)
• (1) U-bolt bracket (pn 20638)
• (1) funnel (pn 14087)
4. Quickstart
Siting considerations and mounting pole options are listed in Section 7,
Installation.
Equipment required:
• Pail
• Hose with a 0.5 inch inner diameter (must be long enough to span the
distance from the funnel to the pail)
•CM300-series mounting pole or user-supplied pole (see Section 7.2,
Mounting Pole)
• TE525WS Texas Electronics Rain Gage
• CS705 Snowfall Adapter
• CM270 Mounting Kit (included with the CS705)
• PGE antifreeze
2
N
Band Clamp
b
(pn 20605)
CS705 Snowfall Adapter
Band Clamp
(pn 20606)
Catch Tube
Antifreeze
Reservoir
TE525WS
(purchased
separately)
Funnel
(pn 14087)
0.5 in O.D.
(connect
Stu
hose here)
Storage Mount
(pn 20636)
U-bolt Bracket
(pn 20638)
Flat Washers (pn 4365)
Lock Washers (pn 4366)
uts (pn 18126)
U-bolt (pn 17492)
FIGURE 4-1. CS705 mounted to pole using the CM270 Mounting Kit FIGURE 4-1. CS705 mounted to pole using the CM270 Mounting Kit
1. Install the mounting pole. 1. Install the mounting pole.
2. Align the funnel and mounting base to the three holes found on the bottom
2. Align the funnel and mounting base to the three holes found on the bottom
of the TE525WS rain gage. The funnel is sandwiched between the rain
of the TE525WS rain gage. The funnel is sandwiched between the rain
gage and mounting base as shown in FIGURE 4-1. Three screws mount
gage and mounting base as shown in FIGURE 4-1. Three screws mount
the funnel to the TE525WS.
the funnel to the TE525WS.
3. Attach the mounting base and TE525WS to the pole via the U-bolt
3. Attach the mounting base and TE525WS to the pole via the U-bolt
bracket, U-bolt, flat washers, lock washers, and nuts (see FIGURE 4-1).
bracket, U-bolt, flat washers, lock washers, and nuts (see FIGURE 4-1).
4. Take one of the black bands supplied with the CS705 and stretch over the
4. Take one of the black bands supplied with the CS705 and stretch over the
TE525WS funnel (see FIGURE 4-2).
TE525WS funnel (see FIGURE 4-2).
3
CS705 Snowfall Adapter
(
p
)
(
p
)
(
p
)
Catch Tube
n 13641
Band
n 10786
Overflow
Tube
(pn 10750)
Antifreeze
Reservoir
(pn 13645)
CAUTION
Entry Seal
n 10785
Band (pn 12319)
FIGURE 4-2. CS705 exploded view
5.Insert the CS705 antifreeze reservoir into the rain gage funnel.
Wear safety glasses during handling and pouring of
antifreeze.
6. Fill the reservoir with PGE antifreeze (pn 10869) until a small amount
flows out the overflow tube. The reservoir holds ≈2.5 gallons.
7. Add ≈8 ounces of a low-freezing-point, environmentally-safe oil to the
antifreeze reservoir. This oil prevents the antifreeze solution from
evaporating. The oil should cover the entire liquid surface. Some
unscented baby oils (lightweight mineral oil) work well.
8. Stretch the second black band over the lip of the antifreeze reservoir.
9. Insert the catch tube into the antifreeze reservoir.
10. Reposition the two black bands to cover the joints between the catch tube
and the antifreeze reservoir and between the reservoir and the rain gage
funnel.
4
5. Overview
CS705 Snowfall Adapter
11. Fasten the catch tube of the CS705 to the mounting pole using the band
clamps and storage mount (see FIGURE 4-1).
12. Connect the hose to the 0.5 inch stub at the base of the funnel (see
FIGURE 4-1).
13. Place the pail below the rain gage and place the other end of the hose in it.
The CS705 is manufactured by Campbell Scientific and is based on the paper
“Measuring Winter Precipitation with an Antifreeze-Based Tipping Bucket
System” presented at the 1996 Western Snow Conference (McCaughey and
Farnes, 1996). The design possesses inherent delays and is not suitable for real
time precipitation measurements. Three design factors contribute to
measurement delays:
• air / antifreeze mixture temperature
• surface tension in the overflow tube
• precipitation form
NOTE
5.1 Antifreeze
All precipitation falling into the catch tube eventually flows through the overflow
tube and is measured by the tipping bucket gage. A delay of minutes is expected
for liquid precipitation so long as a minimum volume of water (≈0.03 inches) is
reached. A delay of several hours (up to tens) is expected for snow. Lightest
density snow at very cold temperatures has the longest delay.
The CS705 converts the TE525WS Texas Electronic Rain Gage, into a yearround precipitation gage. The CS705 is intended for use only during winter.
Like any sensor, optimum performance is obtained by regular site visits. Any
antifreeze-based precipitation gage orifice is susceptible to capping or snow
bridging.
The CS705 is coated with a smooth black coating to minimize
surface adhesion and maximize solar loading, but snow bridging
may still not occur.
Campbell Scientific recommends a 1:1 mixture of propylene glycol and ethanol
(PGE). PGE is available from Campbell Scientific in a package of four, onegallon containers. Antifreeze can only be shipped in multiples of four gallons
via UPS Ground and cannot be shipped outside of the continental United
States.
5.1.1 Standard Car or RV Antifreeze is NOT Recommended
Standard car or RV antifreeze consists of propylene glycol or ethylene glycol,
which have a specific gravity >1. This allows a layer of water to sit on top of
the antifreeze that may freeze and form an ice cap that prevents snowfall from
being dissolved into the solution. Mixing the antifreeze with ethanol solves the
specific gravity issue and prevents the ice cap. PGE is also more
environmentally friendly.
5
CS705 Snowfall Adapter
5.2 Tipping Bucket Compatibility
The CS705 is equipped with a specially sized cylinder that allows it to nest
within the 8-inch orifice of the TE525WS Texas Electronic Rain Gage. The
CS705 cannot be directly used with TE525, TE525MM, CS700, or TB4 rain
gages. However, the TE525 and TE525MM gages can be converted to a
TE525WS at Campbell Scientific. Refer to the Assistance section at the front
of this manual for the steps required to return equipment to Campbell
Scientific.
6. Specifications
Construction: Black powder coated aluminum
Capacity: 20.32 cm (8 in) of liquid @ –20°C
Recommended Antifreeze: 1:1 mixture of propylene glycol and
Antifreeze Capacity: ≈9.5 L (2.5 gallons)
operating temperature (assuming 1:0
starting ratio of anti-freeze to water).
ethanol (PGE)
7. Installation
7.1 Siting
Catch Tube Height: 25.4 cm (10 in)
Catch Tube Orifice: 21 cm (8.25 in) diameter
Antifreeze Reservoir Height: 36 cm (14 in)
Antifreeze Reservoir Diameter: 21 cm (8.25 in)
Total Weight (CS705 + Antifreeze): ≈9 kg (20 lb)
Choose a site that is easily accessible throughout the winter.
The CS705 Snowfall Adapter and associated rain gage should be mounted in a
relatively level spot that is representative of the surrounding area. The lip of
the funnel needs to be horizontal and 76 cm (30 in) above the ground or higher
to prevent burial by snow. The ground cover around the gage should be natural
vegetation or gravel. Avoid mounting the gage over concrete or paved
surfaces.
The under catch of winter precipitation by antifreeze-based gages is directly
related to wind speed. Errors due to wind can be minimized by properly siting
the gage. The preferred gage site is in a natural well protected location. To
ensure proper catch, an angle of 30° to 45° from a vertical line drawn through
the center of the gage orifice to the surrounding obstructions should be
maintained. FIGURE 7-1 illustrates the proper siting of a gage.
6
CS705 Snowfall Adapter
6
0
t
o
9
0
Gages sited improperly and subjected to high winds will under catch winter
precipitation generating erroneous data. An improperly sited gage subjected to
high winds can be damaged by the wind.
FIGURE 7-1. Proper gage siting
7.2 Mounting Pole
A user-supplied mounting pole or Campbell Scientific CM300-series stainlesssteel mounting pole can be used to mount the CS705 away from the tripod or
tower.
CM300-series poles can be embedded directly into a concrete foundation
(FIGURE 7-2) or used with a pedestal kit. Campbell Scientific offers a j-bolt
pedestal kit, a short-leg (23 in) pedestal kit, and a long-leg (39 in) pedestal kit
(see FIGURE 7-3).
7
CS705 Snowfall Adapter
24”
8”
FIGURE 7-2. CM310 56-inch pole embedded in a concrete foundation
8
CS705 Snowfall Adapter
3.5”
1.5”
FIGURE 7-3. Pedestal kit options
7.3 Datalogger Programming
Refer to the manual supplied with the TE525WS Texas Electronics Rain Gage.
The manual is also available at www.campbellsci.com.
8. Maintenance
The CS705 requires regular site visits. The number of required visits mainly
depends on snowfall. Frequent or heavy snows require more site visits.
During site visits, verify the slot in the top of the overflow tube is free from ice
or debris and remove any debris from the catch orifice. If the slot in the
overflow tube becomes plugged, the overflow tube may create a siphon and
draw down the antifreeze level.
24”
14”
The PGE solution gets diluted as precipitation is captured and mixed. Initially,
the CS705 is charged with a pure antifreeze mixture giving it a 1:0 antifreeze to
water ratio. The ratio increases to 1:1 with the equivalent of six inches of
liquid, 1:2 with eight inches, and 1:3 with nine inches. The 1:1 solution
becomes slushy at a temperature of ≈–35°C, the 1:2 solution becomes slushy at
≈–20°C, and the 1:3 solution at ≈–10°C (McGurk, 1992). Ratios greater than
9
CS705 Snowfall Adapter
4.500
4.000
3.500
3.000
2.500
2.000
1.500
Mix Ratio (Water to Antifreeze)
1.000
1:3 are not recommended. Refer to FIGURE 8-1 to determine the amount of
remaining antifreeze based on precipitation (water equivalent) recorded.
0.500
0.000
012345678910
Water Equivalent Received (inches)
FIGURE 8-1. Mix ratio versus precipitation received
The TE525WS rain gage is designed to discharge precipitation out its base and
onto the ground. This means the toxicity of any antifreeze solution used in this
application needs to be considered. The PGE antifreeze consists of propylene
glycol and denatured ethanol. Propylene glycol is a non-toxic biodegradable
solution. Denatured ethanol, however, contains toxic additives to discourage
ingestion. These additives are toxic to mammals. Fortunately, because ethanol
evaporates rapidly when exposed to air, the denatured reagent should pose a
limited risk. However, in consultation with the appropriate agency or land
owner, an assessment of risk to animals should be conducted for each site and
appropriate mitigation measures taken.
When recharging, the solution should be disposed of in accordance with local,
state, and federal regulations.
The CS705 is recommended only for use during winter. It should be removed,
cleaned, and carefully stored after the last snowfall, then reinstalled prior to the
first snowfall of the coming winter.
10
9. References
CS705 Snowfall Adapter
McCaughey, W. and Farnes, P.: 1996, “Measuring Winter Precipitation with an
CHEMICAL NAME AND SYNONYMS: CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC CS705 ANTIFREEZE
TRADE NAME AND SYNONYMS: Same as above.
CHEMICAL FAMILY: Solvent blend.
FORMULA: Mixture
DATE OF PREPARATION: 09/26/97
REVISION DATE: N/A
PREPARED BY: Erik S. Bielata, Chemist
ICC MSDS #: IC-00891
DISCLAIMER: All information contained in this data sheet is believed to be true and accurate at this time.
However, there is no guarantee expressed or implied. The physical data has been calculated from available
information.
FLAMMABLE LIMITS: Volume % in Air
LEL: 3.0
UEL: 15.8
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA:
Use water spray, carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or alcohol-type foam applied to manufacturer’s
recommended techniques.
SPECIAL FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES:
Use self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing.
A-2
Appendix A. MSDS for Campbell Scientific CS705 Antifreeze
Date Printed: 09-26-1997 Page 3
Interstate Chemical Co.
MSDS for CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC CS705 ANTIFREEZE 1899--
6 — Section V – Fire and Explosion Hazard Data(continued)
UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS:
Vapors form from this product and may travel or be moved by air currents and ignited by pilot lights or
other ignition sources.
7 — Section VI – Health Hazard Data
THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE: See sect. II.
EFFECTS OF ACUTE OVEREXPOSURE:
EYE CONTACT: Liquid may cause discomfort w/ slight excess redness and possible swelling of the
conjunctiva; corneal injury may occur.
SKIN CONTACT: Frequent or prolonged contact may cause discomfort and local redness.
INHALATION: May cause drowsiness, dizziness, disturbances of vision; tingling, numbness, and
shooting pains in the hands and forearms.
INGESTION: May cause nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, dizziness, shortness of
breath, weakness, fatigue, leg cramps, confusion, restlessness, visual disturbances,
drunken behavior, drowsiness, coma, and death (THERE MAY BE A DELAY OF
SEVERAL HOURS BETWEEN SWALLOWING METHANOL AND THE ONSET
OF SIGNS OF ANY SYMPTOMS).
•Visual effects include blurred vision, diplopia, changes in color perception,
restriction of visual fields, and complete blindness.
•Ingestion of moderate quantities of methanol also produces metabolic acidosis;
onset of symptoms may be delayed up to 48 hrs.
60 – 200 mL OF METHANOL IS A FATAL DOSE FOR MOST ADULTS.
INGESTION OF AS LITTLE AS 10 mL HAS CAUSED BLINDNESS.
•With massive overdoses, liver, kidney, and heart muscle injuries have been
described.
A-3
Appendix A. MSDS for Campbell Scientific CS705 Antifreeze
Date Printed: 09-26-1997 Page 4
Interstate Chemical Co.
MSDS for CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC CS705 ANTIFREEZE 1899--
7 — Section VI – Health Hazard Data(continued)
EFFECTS OF REPEATED OVEREXPOSURE:
•Long-term repeated overexposure to methanol vapor concentrations of 3000 ppm or greater may
allow a cumulative effect to occur w/ resulting nausea, vomiting, headache, ringing in the ears,
insomnia, trembling, unsteady gait, vertigo, clouded double vision.
•Liver and kidney damage may occur, especially when overexposed to ethanol, which may cause liver
injury w/ fibrosis.
•Due to its defatting properties, methanol may aggravate an existing skin condition, e.g. eczema;
methanol may also aggravate existing liver and kidney diseases.
OTHER HEALTH HAZARDS:
•Repeated ingestion of ethanol by pregnant mothers has been shown to adversely effect the CNS of
the fetus, producing a collection of effects which together constitute the fetal alcohol syndrome.
Symptoms include mental and physical retardation, learning disorders, motor and language
deficiencies, behavioral disorders, and small size head.
EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID PROCEDURES:
EYE CONTACT: Flush eyes with large amounts of water until irritation subsides. If irritation persists,
get medical attention.
SKIN CONTACT: Immediately flush with large amounts of water; use soap if available. Remove
contaminated clothing, including shoes, after flushing has begun.
INHALATION: Using proper respiratory protection, immediately remove the affected victim to fresh
air. Administer artificial respiration if breathing has stopped. Keep at rest, Call for
prompt medical attention.
INGESTION: If swallowed, DO NOT induce vomiting. Keep at rest. Get prompt medical
attention. Small amounts which accidentally enter the mouth should be rinsed until
taste is gone.
A-4
Appendix A. MSDS for Campbell Scientific CS705 Antifreeze
Date Printed: 09-26-1997 Page 5
Interstate Chemical Co.
MSDS for CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC CS705 ANTIFREEZE 1899--
8 — Section VII – Reactivity Data
STABILITY (choose one): ( ) UNSTABLE
( x ) STABLE
* CONDITIONS TO AVOID: None.
INCOMPATBILITY (MATERIALS TO AVOID): Strong oxidizers, strong inorganic acids.
HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS: CO AND CO2
HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION (choose one): ( ) MAY OCCUR
( x ) WILL NOT OCCUR
* CONDITIONS TO AVOID: None.
9 — Section VIII – Spill or Leak Procedures
STEPS TO BE TAKEN IN CASE MATERIAL IS RELEASED OR SPILLED: Contain spill; provide adequate
ventilation; keep people away; EXTINGUISH ALL IGNITION SOURCES; keep material out of public waters;
use dry absorbent on small spills.
WASTE DISPOSAL METHOD: Dispose of according to all federal, state and local regulations.
***DANGER!!! May cause eye damage and blindness if swallowed.
• FLAMMABLE • DO NOT SWALLOW
• Harmful if inhaled • Keep away from heat, sparks, flame
• Harmful if absorbed through skin • Avoid breathing vapor
• Causes eye irritation • DO NOT get on skin, on clothing
• May cause drowsiness, dizziness • Avoid contact w/ eyes
• May cause heart muscle damage • Keep container closed
• May cause liver and kidney damage • Use w/ adequate ventilation
• Wash thoroughly after handling
OTHER PRECAUTIONS: FLAMMABLE LIQUID – Clean equipment thoroughly prior to maintenance and/or
repair.
PROCESS HAZARD – Sudden release of hot organic chemical vapors or mists from
equipment operating at elevated temperature and pressure, or sudden ingress of air into
vacuum equipment, may result in ignitions w/ out the presence of obvious ignition
sources. ANY USE OF THIS PRODUCT IN ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE
PROCESSES SHOULD BE THOROUGHLY EVALUATED TO ESTABLISH AND
MAINTAIN SAFE OPERATING CONDITIONS.
A-6
Appendix A. MSDS for Campbell Scientific CS705 Antifreeze
Date Printed: 09-26-1997 Page 7
Interstate Chemical Co.
MSDS for CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC CS705 ANTIFREEZE 1899--
12 — Section XI– Special Precautions (continued)
TRANSFER HAZARD – Vapors of this product may be ignited by static sparks.
13 — Section XII – SARA Title III
This product contains the following toxic chemical that is claimed as a trade secret, but disclosed as an upper
bound concentration to comply with the reporting requirements of Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and
Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 and of 40 CFR Park 372.
**METHANOL (CAS #67-56-1) ---- <5%
14— Section XIII – SectionRevisions
Revisions have been made to the following sections:
A-7
Appendix A. MSDS for Campbell Scientific CS705 Antifreeze