CS700 Tipping Bucket Rain Gage
and CS700H Heated Rain Gage
Revision: 5/11
Copyright © 1995-2011
Campbell Scientific, Inc.
Warranty and Assistance
PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED BY CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. are
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way CIP (Port of Entry) INCOTERM
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®
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. A completed form
CS700 and CS700H Table of Contents
PDF viewers note: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use
the Adobe Acrobat® bookmarks tab for links to specific sections.
1. General Description.....................................................1
2. Specifications ..............................................................2
2.1 Heated Rain Gage.....................................................................................3
2.1.1 Phoenix Contact Power Supply (AC option only)..........................4
3. Installation....................................................................5
3.1 Location ....................................................................................................5
3.2 Mounting ..................................................................................................5
3.3 Leveling ....................................................................................................7
3.4 CS700H Phoenix Contact Power Supply (-AC option)............................8
4. Wiring............................................................................8
4.1 CS700 Connections ..................................................................................9
4.2 CS700H Heated Rain Gage Connections ...............................................10
5. Datalogger Programming.......................................... 12
5.1 CS700 Programming ..............................................................................12
5.1.1 CS700 Pulse Channel Example Programs ....................................12
5.1.1.1 CR1000 Pulse Channel Example ........................................12
5.1.1.2 CR200(X) Series Pulse Channel Example ..........................13
5.1.1.3 CR10X Pulse Channel Example..........................................13
5.1.2 Control Port Example Programs ...................................................14
5.1.2.1 CR1000 Control Port Example............................................14
5.1.2.2 CR200(X) Series Control Port Example .............................15
5.1.2.3 CR10X Control Port Example.............................................15
5.2 CS700H Programming............................................................................16
5.2.1 CS700H Example Program...........................................................16
6. Troubleshooting ........................................................18
6.1 Precipitation............................................................................................18
7. Maintenance ...............................................................18
7.1 Dismantling for Cleaning .......................................................................18
7.2 Reassembling the CS700 ........................................................................22
8. Calibration ..................................................................23
i
CS700 and CS700H Table of Contents
Appendix
A. CS700H Operation................................................... A-1
A.1 High Power Operation ............................................................................ 3
A.2 External Control...................................................................................... 3
A.3 Status LED .............................................................................................. 4
A.4 Snow Sensor............................................................................................ 4
A.5 SDI-12 Interface...................................................................................... 5
A.5.1 Special – X Commands ................................................................. 7
A.5.2 Operating Modes ......................................................................... 10
A.5.3 Command Examples.................................................................... 11
List of Figures
1-1. The CS700 (left) and CS700H (right) .................................................... 2
2-1. Heater Operation..................................................................................... 3
3-1. CM240 Mounting Bracket...................................................................... 6
3-2. Typical Rain Gage Installation ............................................................... 6
3-3. Pedestal Base Options ............................................................................ 7
3-4. Main Components of the CS700............................................................. 8
4-1. Rain Gage Schematic.............................................................................. 9
4-2. Phoenix Contact Power Supply ............................................................ 11
7-1. Components of CS700 Base ................................................................. 19
7-2. Dismantling the Filter/Siphon Assembly.............................................. 20
7-3. Filter/Siphon Assembly ........................................................................ 21
7-4. Reassembling the CS700 ...................................................................... 22
A-1. Locations of the CS700H’s Heater Components............................... A-1
A-2. Diagram Depicting Overall Operation............................................... A-2
A-3. Diagram showing how the “Snow Run-On” timer
A.5.3.1 Proving Communications is working ............................... 11
A.5.3.2 Taking a Measurement ...................................................... 11
A.5.3.3 Example of Manual Mode Operation ................................ 11
controls the heater.......................................................................... A-3
List of Tables
4-1. CS700 Wiring for Pulse Channel Input.................................................. 9
4-2. CS700 Wiring for Control Port Input ..................................................... 9
4-3. CS700H Sensor Cable Wiring for Pulse Channel Inputs ..................... 10
4-4. CS700H Sensor Cable Wiring for Control Port Inputs ........................ 10
4-5. CS700H Power Cable Wiring............................................................... 11
A-1. CS700H Default Values .................................................................... A-1
A-2. Status LEDs ....................................................................................... A-4
A-3. Snow Sensor Power Options ............................................................. A-5
A-4. SDI-12 V1.2 COMPLIANT COMMAND SET – Go to
A-5. Special X Commands......................................................................... A-8
A-6. Operating Modes ............................................................................. A-10
www.sdi-12.org ............................................................................. A-6
ii
CS700 and CS700H Rain Gage
1. General Description
The CS700 tipping bucket rain gage is manufactured by Hydrological Services
Pty. Ltd. (Model TB-3), and modified for use with Campbell Scientific
dataloggers (see Figure 1-1). It catches rainfall in the 7.87 in. (200 mm)
collection funnel. When 0.01 in. of rainfall is collected, the tipping bucket
assembly tips and activates a reed switch. The switch closure is recorded by the
datalogger. After the bucket tips, the water drains out the screened base of the
gage.
The CS700H is a heated version of the CS700 that can measure the water
content of snow (see Figure 1-1). It includes an internal snow sensor that is
activated when the air temperature drops below 4°C. If the snow sensor
detects snow in the catch area (funnel), the heating elements automatically turn
on and keep the funnel temperature at +10°C. The heater goes into a wait
mode when snow has not been detected for 18 minutes then automatically
deactivates when the air temperature drops below -20°C.
The CS700H has two power configuration options (either AC or DC). With
the AC option, a Phoenix Contact Power Supply is shipped with the CS700H.
With the DC option, the CS700H is connected to a user-supplied battery. This
option is ideal for remote sites using wind or solar power to recharge the
battery. Battery capacity requirements vary according to the application and
site location.
NOTE
NOTE
Appendix A provides detailed information about the CS700H’s
operation.
Both the CS700 and CS700H feature a heavy-duty, cast aluminum housing and
base; a dual-reed switch potted in soft silicon rubber with varistor protection;
and a siphon that allows the precipitation to flow at a steady rate regardless of
rainflow intensity. The siphon reduces typical rain bucket errors and produces
accurate measurements over a range of 0 to 27.6 in./hr.
The 260-953 Alter-Type Wind Screen can be used with the
CS700 and CS700H to minimize the effects of strong winds.
The “-L” after the model CS700 (CS700-L) or CS700H (CS700H-L) indicates
that the cable length is user specified when ordering. This manual refers to the
sensor as the CS700 or CS700H.
The CS700 and CS700H ship with:
(1) Allen Wrench from Original Mfg.
(1) Instruction Manual
CS700H-AC Version also ships with:
(1) Power Supply and Mounting Hardware (Quint Power made by Phoenix
Contact)
1
CS700 and CS700H Rain Gage
FIGURE 1-1. The CS700 (left) and CS700H (right).
2. Specifications
Orifice Diameter: 7.87 in (200 mm)
Measurement Range: 0 to 27.6 in/hr (0 to 700 mm/hr)
Accuracy: better than +2% @ 19.7 in/hr (50 mm/hr)
Resolution: 0.01 in. (0.254 mm)
Temperature Range
CS700: 0° to +70°C
CS700H: -40° to 70°C
Humidity: 0 to 100%
Contact: Dual Reed Switch
Dimensions
Height: 13.5 in (342 mm)
Diameter: 9.6 in (244 mm)
Weight: 7.4 lb (3.4 kg) w/ 25 ft signal cable
NOTE
The black outer jacket of the cable is Santoprene
compound was chosen for its resistance to temperature extremes,
moisture, and UV degradation. However, this jacket will
support combustion in air. It is rated as slow burning when
tested according to U.L. 94 H.B. and will pass FMVSS302.
Local fire codes may preclude its use inside buildings.
®
rubber. This
2
2.1 Heated Rain Gage
Snow Sensor and Heater
Operating Temperature Range: -20° to +5°C
Output: SDI-12
Voltage Requirements
Main Power: 10 to 30 Vdc or 12 to 28 Vac
SDI-12 Power: 9.6 to 16 Vdc
Total Current Consumption (See Figure 2-1)
Snow sensor off, heater off: 6 mA @ 12 V, 0.072 W
Snow sensor on, heater off: 12 mA @ 12 V, 0.144 W
Snow sensor on, heater on: 5.8 A @ 12 V, 70 W
As the ambient temperature falls below the “Active On Temperature” (default
4°C), the heater will turn on to heat the funnel area of the rain gauge. Once the
funnel reaches the “Funnel Set Point Temp” (default 10°C), the heater will
begin cycling on and off with a duty cycle dependent on the ambient
temperature, keeping the funnel temperature at or near 10°C.
CS700 and CS700H Rain Gage
FIGURE 2-1. Heater Operation
3
CS700 and CS700H Rain Gage
2.1.1 Phoenix Contact Power Supply (AC option only)
Model Name:
Quint-PS/1AC/24DC/10
Input data
Nominal input voltage:
AC input voltage range:
Short-term input voltage:
AC frequency range:
Name of protection:
Protective circuit/component:
100 Vac to 240 Vac
85 Vac to 264 Vac
300 Vac
45 Hz to 65 Hz
Transient surge protection
Varistor
Output data
Nominal output voltage:
Setting range of the output
voltage:
24 Vdc ±1%
18 Vdc to 29.5 Vdc (>24 V
constant capacity)
Output current:
10 A (-25°C to 60°C,
= 24 Vdc)
U
OUT
15 A (with POWER
BOOST, -25°C to 40°C
permanently, U
OUT
= 24
Vdc)
Derating:
From +60°C to 70°C: 2.5%
per Kelvin
Connection in parallel:
Yes, for redundancy and
increased capacity
Connection in series:
Maximum power dissipation
idling:
Power loss nominal load max.:
Yes
7 W
18 W
4
General data
Width:
Height:
Depth:
Weight:
Efficiency:
Ambient temperature
(operation):
Ambient temperature
(storage/transport):
Max. permissible relative
humidity (operation):
CS700 and CS700H Rain Gage
2.4 in. (60 mm)
5.1 in. (130 mm)
4.9 in. (125 mm)
2.4 lb. (1.1 kg)
> 92.5% (for 230 Vac and
nominal values)
-25°C to 70°C (> 60°C
derating)
-40°C to 85°C
95% (at 25°C, no
condensation)
NOTE
3. Installation
NOTE
3.1 Location
3.2 Mounting
Additional specifications are provided in Phoenix Contact’s
manual for the Quint-PS/1AC/24DC/10.
The 260-953 Alter-type Wind Screen’s siting information and
installation procedure are provided in our 260-953 manual.
The CS700 and CS700H should be mounted in a relatively level spot which is
representative of the surrounding area. The ground surface around the rain
gage should be natural vegetation or gravel. The gage should not be installed
over a paved or concrete surface.
For accurate measurements, the CS700 and CS700H must be placed away
from objects that obstruct wind. The minimum distance should be at least 2 to
4 times the height of the obstruction.
The CS700 and CS700H are designed to mount on a flat surface. Three
equally spaced mounting pads are provided. The mounting pads are pre-drilled
for three 3/8” (M8) bolts on a 9.21” (234 mm) diameter bolt circle.
The CM240 mounting bracket is available from Campbell Scientific for
installing the CS700 and CS700H (see Figure 3-1). The CM240 base helps
level the rain gage, ensuring a more accurate measurement. The base may be
attached to a CM300-Series Mounting Pole or to a user-supplied 1.5 in. IPS
(1.9 in. OD) unthreaded pipe. The pipe should be long enough to place the
gage's orifice at a one-meter height. The rain gage should be high enough to
be above the average snow depth. The pole or pipe can be placed directly into
a concrete foundation (see Figure 3-2), or attached to a concrete foundation
using J-bolts or self-supporting with legs (see Figure 3-3). A concrete pad is
recommended, but it should not be installed over large paved or concrete
surface.
5
CS700 and CS700H Rain Gage
FIGURE 3-1. CM240 Mounting Bracket
6
24"
08"
FIGURE 3-2. Typical Rain Gage Installation
CS700 and CS700H Rain Gage
3.5”
1.5”
24”
14”
3.3 Leveling
FIGURE 3-3. Pedestal Base Options
Level the rain gage after mounting it. To level, remove the housing assembly
from the base by loosening the three housing screws and lifting the housing
upward. Adjust the three nuts on the CM240 bracket to level the gage. A
bullseye level is mounted on the rain gage’s base to facilitate leveling (see
Figure 3-4).
Remove the rubber shipping band and cardboard packing securing the tipping
bucket assembly. Tip the bucket several times to insure the tipping mechanism
is moving freely. Replace the housing assembly and tighten the three screws
to secure the housing to the base.
7
CS700 and CS700H Rain Gage
Tipping Bucket Assembly
Funnel
Bullseye
Level
3.4 CS700H Phoenix Contact Power Supply (-AC option)
4. Wiring
Base
Housing
Base Screw
FIGURE 3-4. Main Components of the CS700
Because the Phoenix Contact Power Supply must be housed in an
environmental enclosure, the CS700H includes a DIN Rail mounting bracket.
The DIN Rail mounts to an enclosure backplate via screws and grommets.
When Short Cut software is used to generate the datalogger program, the
sensor should be wired to the channels shown on the wiring diagram created
by Short Cut.
8
NOTE
The CS700 Tipping Bucket Rain Gage and CS700H Heated
Rain Gage are wired differently.
4.1 CS700 Connections
The CS700 is typically wired to a datalogger’s pulse channel (see Table 4-1).
TABLE 4-1. CS700 Wiring for Pulse Channel Input
CS700 and CS700H Rain Gage
Color
Description
CR800,
CR850
CR1000
CR3000
CR5000
CR510
CR500
CR10(X)
21X
CR7
CR23X
Black Signal Pulse Channel Pulse Channel Pulse Channel P_SW
White Signal Return
Clear Shield
G
G
NOTE
Dataloggers listed in Table 4-2 have the capability of counting
switch closures on some of their control ports. When a control
port is used, the return from the rain gage switch must be
connected to +5 volts on the datalogger.
TABLE 4-2. CS700 Wiring for Control Port Input
Color
Description
CR800
CR850
CR1000
CR3000
CR500
CR510
CR10X
CR200(X)
Series
CR23X
Black Signal Control Port
(e.g., C1-C8)
C2/P3 Control Port
(e.g., C1-C8)
Control Port
(e.g., C1-C8)
White Signal Return 5 V 5 V 5 V 5 V
Clear Shield
G
The CR10 does not support the use of control port inputs with the Pulse Count
instruction.
Black
White
Clear
100
Ω
FIGURE 4-1. Rain Gage Schematic
Long cables have appreciable capacitance between the lines. A built up charge
could cause arcing when the switch closes, shortening switch life. A 100 ohm
resistor is connected in series at the switch to prevent arcing by limiting the
current (Figure 4-1). This resistor is installed on all rain gages currently sold
by Campbell Scientific.
9
CS700 and CS700H Rain Gage
4.2 CS700H Heated Rain Gage Connections
The CS700H sensor cable can be wired to the datalogger’s pulse channels (see
Table 4-3). The sensor cable can also be wired to the datalogger control ports
instead of pulse channels (see Table 4-4).
TABLE 4-3. CS700H Sensor Cable Wiring for Pulse Channel Inputs
Color
Green SDI-12 SDI-12
Description
CR800, CR850,
CR1000,
CR3000,
CR5000
compatible
Control Port
(e.g., C1,
CR10X, CR23X
SDI-12
compatible
Control Port
(e.g., C1-C8)
C3, C5, C7)
Red 12V 12V 12V
Black 0V G G
Blue Signal A Pulse Channel
(e.g., P1, P2)
White Signal Reference
Yellow Signal B Pulse Channel
(e.g., P1, P2)
Brown Signal Return
Pulse Channel
(e.g., P1, P2)
G
Pulse Channel
(e.g., P1, P2)
G
TABLE 4-4. CS700H Sensor Cable Wiring for Control Port Inputs
Color
Green SDI-12 SDI-12
Description
CR800, CR850,
CR1000,
CR3000,
CR5000
compatible
Control Port
(e.g., C1,
CR10X, CR23X
SDI-12
compatible
Control Port
(e.g., C1-C8)
C3, C5, C7)
Red 12V 12V 12V
Black 0V G G
Blue Signal A Control Port
(e.g., C1-C8)
Control Port
(e.g., C1-C8)
White 5V 5V 5V
Yellow Signal B Control Port
(e.g., C1-C8)
Control Port
(e.g., C1-C8)
Brown 5V 5V 5V
10
CS700 and CS700H Rain Gage
The power cable is wired to the power supply (see Table 4-5). Figure 4-2
shows the terminals for connecting the power cable to the Phoenix Contact
Power Supply.
TABLE 4-5. CS700H Power Cable Wiring
Color Description Power Supply
Red +24 VDC +24 V
Black -24 VDC -24 V
Connects to CS700H
and PS100 or CH100
Connects to 110 Vac Adapter
FIGURE 4-2. Phoenix Contact Power Supply
11
CS700 and CS700H Rain Gage
5. Datalogger Programming
This section is for users who write their own datalogger programs. A
datalogger program to measure this sensor can be created using Campbell
Scientific’s Short Cut Program Builder software. You do not need to read this
section to use Short Cut.
5.1 CS700 Programming
The CS700 is measured using the Pulse Count instruction with the switch
closure configuration code. The multiplier used in the Pulse Count instruction
determines the units in which rainfall is reported. In all dataloggers, a
multiplier of 0.01 converts the output to inches and a multiplier of 0.254
converts the output to millimeters.
5.1.1 CS700 Pulse Channel Example Programs
The following example programs use a pulse channel to read the output from
the CS700.
5.1.1.1 CR1000 Pulse Channel Example
Although this example is for the CR1000, the CR800, CR850, CR3000, and
CR5000 are programmed similarly.
'CR1000
'CR1000 Program for CS700
'Declare Variables and Units
Public Rain_mm
Units Rain_mm=mm
'Define Data Tables
DataTable(CS700_mm,True,-1)
DataInterval(0,60,Min,0)
Totalize(1,Rain_mm,IEEE4,0)
EndTable
'Main Program
BeginProg
Scan(1,Sec,1,0)
'CS700 Rain Gauge measurement Rain_mm:
PulseCount(Rain_mm,1,1,2,0,0.254,0)
'Call Data Tables and Store Data
CallTable(CS700_mm)
NextScan
EndProg
12
5.1.1.2 CR200(X) Series Pulse Channel Example
'CR200 Series
'CS700 program
'Declare Variables and Units
Public Rain_mm
Units Rain_mm=mm
'Define Data Tables
DataTable(CS700_mm,True,-1)
DataInterval(0,60,Min)
Totalize(1,Rain_mm,0)
EndTable
'Main Program
BeginProg
Scan(10,Sec)
'CS700 Rain Gauge measurement Rain_mm:
PulseCount(Rain_mm,P_SW,2,0,0.254,0)
'Call Data Tables and Store Data
CallTable(CS700_mm)
NextScan
EndProg
CS700 and CS700H Rain Gage
5.1.1.3 CR10X Pulse Channel Example
Although this program is for the CR10(X), the CR500, CR510, CR23X, and
21X can use essentially the same program. The CR7 is programmed similarly
but has an additional parameter in the Pulse Count instruction that specifies the
slot that the pulse card is in.
;{CR10X}
;
;CR10X Program for CS700
;Rain (mm)
;
*Table 1 Program
01: 1 Execution Interval (seconds)
1: Pulse (P3)
1: 1 Reps
2: 1 Pulse Channel 1
3: 2 Switch Closure, All Counts
4: 1 Loc [ Rain_mm ]
5: .254 Multiplier
6: 0 Offset
2: If time is (P92)
1: 0 Minutes (Seconds --) into a
2: 60 Interval (same units as above)
3: 10 Set Output Flag High (Flag 0)
13
CS700 and CS700H Rain Gage
3: Set Active Storage Area (P80)
1: 1 Final Storage Area 1
2: 101 Array ID
4: Real Time (P77)
1: 1220 Year,Day,Hour/Minute (midnight = 2400)
5: Totalize (P72)
1: 1 Reps
2: 1 Loc [ Rain_mm ]
*Table 2 Program
02: 0.0000 Execution Interval (seconds)
*Table 3 Subroutines
End Program
Output Instruction 72, Totalize, is used in the output section of the program to
output the total rainfall over the output interval. This section should be
executed every scan and not placed in a subroutine or conditional statement.
5.1.2 Control Port Example Programs
The following examples measure a CS700 rain gage using a control port on the
datalogger. Wire the sensor as shown in Table 4-2.
5.1.2.1 CR1000 Control Port Example
Although this example is for the CR1000, the CR800, CR850, and CR3000 are
programmed similarly.
'CR1000
'CR1000 Program for CS700
'Declare Public Variables and Units
Public Rain_mm
Units Rain_mm=mm
DataTable (Rain,True,-1)
DataInterval (0,60,Min,0)
Totalize (1,Rain_mm,FP2,0)
EndTable
'Main Program
BeginProg
Scan (1,Sec,1,0)
PulseCount (Rain_mm,1,18,2,0,.254,0) ; Black wire connected to C8
CallTable (Rain)
NextScan
EndProg
14
CS700 and CS700H Rain Gage
5.1.2.2 CR200(X) Series Control Port Example
'CR200
' A 20 kOhm pull up resistor is required to read a switch closure on C1 or C2
' as a Pulse Counter. The 20 kOhm resistor uses the battery voltage.
'Declare Public Variables and Units
Public Rain_mm
Units Rain_mm=mm
'Define Data Tables
DataTable (Rain,True,-1)
DataInterval (0,60,min)
Totalize (1,Rain_mm,0)
EndTable
'Main Program
BeginProg
Scan (1,Sec)
'CS700 Rain Gage measurement Rain-mm
PulseCount (Rain_mm,C2,2,0,.254,0) ; Black wire connected to C2
'Call Data Tables and Store Data
CallTable (Rain)
NextScan
EndProg
5.1.2.3 CR10X Control Port Example
Although this example is for the CR10X, the CR23X is programmed similarly.
;{CR10X}
*Table 1 Program
01: 1.0000 Execution Interval (seconds)
1: Pulse (P3)
1: 1 Reps
2: 8 Control Port 8 (switch closure only) ;Black wire connect to C8
3: 2 Switch Closure, All Counts
4: 1 Loc [ Rain_mm ]
5: .254 Multiplier
6: 0 Offset
2: If time is (P92)
1: 0 Minutes (Seconds --) into a
2: 60 Interval (same units as above)
3: 10 Set Output Flag High (Flag 0)
3: Set Active Storage Area (P80)
1: 1 Final Storage Area 1
2: 101 Array ID
4: Real Time (P77)
1: 1220 Year,Day,Hour/Minute (midnight = 2400)
15
CS700 and CS700H Rain Gage
5: Sample (P70)
1: 1 Reps
2: 1 Loc [ Rain_mm ]
*Table 2 Program
01: 0.0000 Execution Interval (seconds)
*Table 3 Subroutines
End Program
5.2 CS700H Programming
The CS700H has a dual reed switch for measuring precipitation. A separate
pulse count instruction is used to measure each of the reed switches. The SDI12 recorder instruction is used to receive real time status of the microprocessor
located inside the tipping bucket.
NOTE
Appendix A provides more information about the SDI-12
commands and other operational details for the CS700H.
5.2.1 CS700H Example Program
Although this program is for the CR1000, the CR800, CR850, and CR3000 are
programmed similarly.
'CR1000 Series Datalogger
'CS700H-L SDI-12 Grn > C1
' Red > 12v
' Blk > 0v
' Tipping A Blu > C2
' Wht > 5v
' B Yel > C3
' Brn > 5v
'Declare Variables and Units
Public PTemp
Public BattV
Public CH700HA 'reed switch A
Public CH700HB 'reed switch B
Public Info(9)
Alias Info(1)=CS700H_AirTemp
Alias Info(2)=CS700H_BlockTemp
Alias Info(3)=CS700H_C0_F1
Alias Info(4)=CS700H_NoSnow0_Snow1
Alias Info(5)=CS700H_SnwSnsrActv
Alias Info(6)=CS700H_Htr_On_off
Alias Info(7)=CS700H_Control_Auto_Man
Alias Info(8)=CS700H_Cycle_Dis_Ena
Alias Info(9)=CS700H_LPHTimeLeft
16
CS700 and CS700H Rain Gage
Units BattV = Volts
Units CH700HA =inch
Units CH700HB =inch
'Define Data Tables
DataTable(OneMin,True,-1)
DataInterval(0,1,Min,10)
Totalize (1,CH700HA,FP2,False)
Totalize (1,CH700HB,FP2,False)
Sample (1,CS700H_AirTemp,FP2)
Sample (1,CS700H_BlockTemp,FP2)
Sample (1,CS700H_C0_F1,FP2)
Sample (1,CS700H_NoSnow0_Snow1,FP2)
Sample (1,CS700H_SnwSnsrActv,FP2)
Sample (1,CS700H_Htr_On_off,FP2)
Sample (1,CS700H_Control_Auto_Man,FP2)
Sample (1,CS700H_Cycle_Dis_Ena,FP2)
Sample (1,CS700H_LPHTimeLeft,FP2)
EndTable
DataTable(OneDay,True,-1)
DataInterval(0,1440,Min,10)
Minimum(1,BattV,FP2,False,False)
Totalize (1,CH700HA,FP2,False) 'CH700H tipping bucket a
Totalize (1,CH700HB,FP2,False) 'CH700H tipping bucket b
EndTable
'Main Program
BeginProg
Scan(5,Sec,1,0)
'Default Datalogger Battery Voltage measurement BattV
PanelTemp (PTemp,_60Hz)
Battery(BattV)
'SDI-12 Sensor measurements
SDI12Recorder(Info(),1,"0","M!",1,0)
'CS700H Rain Gauge measurement Rain_in
PulseCount(CH700HA,1,12,2,0,0.01,0)
'CS700H Rain Gauge measurement Rain_in
PulseCount(CH700HB,1,13,2,0,0.01,0)
'Call Data Tables and Store Data
CallTable(OneMin)
CallTable(OneDay)
NextScan
EndProg
17
CS700 and CS700H Rain Gage
6. Troubleshooting
6.1 Precipitation
Symptom: No Precipitation
1. Check that the sensor is wired to the Pulse Channel specified by the pulse
count instruction.
2. Verify that the Configuration Code (Switch Closure), and Multiplier and
Offset parameters for the Pulse Count instruction are correct for the
datalogger type.
3. Disconnect the sensor from the datalogger and use an ohm meter to do a
continuity check of the switch. The resistance measured at the terminal
block on the inside of the bucket between the black and white leads
should vary from infinite (switch open) when the bucket is tipped, to less
than an ohm when the bucket is balanced.
7. Maintenance
During each site visit, remove any debris, insects, sediment, etc. from the
collection funnel, debris screen, siphoning mechanism, or tipping bucket
assembly.
Verify the tipping bucket assembly moves freely, and that the datalogger
records each bucket tip.
7.1 Dismantling for Cleaning
The following items should be checked regularly for cleanliness:
• Catch filter (see Figure 7-3)
• Siphon (see Figure 7-3)
• Interior of bucket (see Figure 7-1)
• Top surface of adjusting screws (see Figure 7-1)
• Housing locking screws; lightly lubricate after cleaning (see Figure 7-1)
• All insect screens (see Figure 7-1)
18
CS700 and CS700H Rain Gage
To access the above components, dismantle the CS700 using the following
procedure:
1. Remove the housing assembly from the base by loosening the three
locking screws and lifting the housing upward.
Reed Switch Assembly
Bullseye Level
Housing Screw
FIGURE 7-1. Components of CS700 Base
Bucket Assembly
Insect Screen
19
CS700 and CS700H Rain Gage
2. Separate the filter/siphon assembly from the funnel by pushing the filter
while pulling the siphon (see Figure 7-2).
Do not
twist while
pushing and pul
ling.
CAUTION
Do not twist the filter/siphon assembly while pushing and
pulling.
To dismantle the filter and siphon assembly,
push filter and pull siphon at the same time.
Do not twist.
Push Filter
Pull
Siphon
20
FIGURE 7-2. Dismantling the Filter/Siphon Assembly
CS700 and CS700H Rain Gage
3. Disassemble the filter/siphon assembly by doing the following (see Figure
7-3):
(a) Unscrew nut
(b) Lightly press stem down on surface until stem pops out of siphon
body.
(c) Remove stem from siphon body.
(d) Unscrew cap
(e) Clean all items
Filter Cover
Filter Screen
Stem Cap
Stem
O Ring
Siphon Body
Brass Nut
FIGURE 7-3. Filter/Siphon Assembly
21
CS700 and CS700H Rain Gage
7.2 Reassembling the CS700
1. Screw cap on stem, finger tighten only (see Figure 7-3).
2. Push stem into siphon body (see Figure 7-3).
3. Replace nut and tighten (see Figure 7-3).
CAUTION
CAUTION
Do not over tighten.
4. Push filter/siphon assembly back into place (see Figure 7-4).
Do not twist the filter/siphon assembly while putting it back
into place.
To re-assemble,
push the
filter/siphon
assembly back
in place.
Do not twist.
22
FIGURE 7-4. Reassembling the CS700
5. Place the housing assembly back onto the base and tighten the three
screws that secure the housing onto the base.
8. Calibration
CS700 and CS700H Rain Gage
The sensor is factory calibrated; recalibration is not required unless damage
has occurred or the adjustment screws have loosened.
Nevertheless, the following calibration check is recommended once every 12
months:
a. Remove the housing assembly from the base by removing the three
screws and lifting upward on the housing.
b. Check the bubble level to verify the rain gage is level.
c. Pour water through the inner funnel to wet the two bucket surfaces.
Using a graduated cylinder, slowly pour 314 cc (19.16 in
a 15 minute period, into the collection funnel. This volume of water is
equal to .39 in of rainfall (10 mm).
d. After the water has passed through the rain gage, the tipping bucket
should have tipped 39 times.
e. If the rain gage fails to record the correct number of tips, return the unit to
Campbell Scientific for recalibration.
Factory Calibration
If factory calibration is required, contact Campbell Scientific to obtain an
RMA (see Warranty and Assistance in the front of the manual).
3
) of water, over
23
CS700 and CS700H Rain Gage
24
Appendix A. CS700H Operation
CAUTION
Factory settings have been set to adequately measure
precipitation during cold precipitation events. Changing
these settings is not recommended, and doing so may
change the data outcome or render the sensor inoperable.
Table A-1 shows the CS700H’s factory defaults:
TABLE A-1. CS700H Default Values
External Control Off (=> Auto) (X20 Command) = 0
Snow Sensor Enabled (X22 Command) = 1
Active On Temperature +4°C (X23 Command)
Active Off Temperature+5°C (X24 Command)
Low Off Temperature –20°C (X25 Command)
Funnel Set Point Temp +10°C (X26 Command)
Snow Run-On Time 18 mins (X27 Command)
Units °C (X28 Command) = 0
FIGURE A-1. Locations of the CS700H’s Heater Components
A-1
Appendix A. CS700H Operation
When the CS700H is “not Active” the status LED flashes every 1.5 seconds.
When the ambient temperature sensor detects the temperature falling below the
“Active On temperature” (+4°C) then the system becomes “Active” and the
snow sensor is enabled (see Figure A-2). The status LED flashes slightly
faster at 2 flashes per second–indicating the system is active.
When the proximity sensor detects snow (for 5 seconds continuously), the
heater elements are turned on and the block temperature sensor is monitored.
The heaters are controlled so that the temperature inside the funnel reaches the
Set Point temperature (+10°C).
NOTE
The actual block temperature will be higher than the set point as
substantial heat is dissipated.
The lower heating block keeps the tipping bucket and the drain tubes from
freezing up. While the heater elements are turned on, the status LED flashes
even faster at eight flashes per second.
A-2
FIGURE A-2. Diagram Depicting Overall Operation
When snow is last detected, a timer is left running, to keep the heater cycling
so that any snow built up on the funnel will be melted. This “Snow Run-on”
timer is factory preset to 18 minutes but may be extended as required.
The heater will cycle on and off for this “Run-on” time OR while ever snow is
detected (see Figure A-3).
FIGURE A-3. Diagram showing how the “Snow Run-On” timer
A.1 High Power Operation
If the snow sensor is disabled (X22 command set to 0), the heater will cycle
continually when the ambient temperature falls below the “Active On”
temperature (X23 command) and is above the Low Off Temperature (X25
command). This assumes the system is active. Because this mode consumes
more power, high power operation is only recommended when the CS700H
uses AC power.
Appendix A. CS700H Operation
controls the heater.
A.2 External Control
The CS700H is set to by default to Automatic control – where the CS700H
monitors the ambient temperature and the snow sensor and operates the heater
automatically. Dataloggers in weather stations that monitor the ambient
temperature and the snowfall can control the tipping bucket heaters directly.
Simply set the X20 command to 1 for External Control, and then use the X29
command to enable the heaters to cycle on/off (=1) or disable the cycling (=0).
The ambient temperature, block temperature, snow sensor and state of the
heaters can be measured using the M, R or the C command, as normal.
NOTE
CAUTION
The Setpoint Temperature is the required temperature of the
funnel – and not the block temperature read from M and the R
command. The relationship between the funnel temperature,
block temperature and ambient temperature has been determined
through extensive testing.
There is an alternate external control mode, whereby the controlling system
can actually turn the heating elements on and off. This is done using the X21
command, with heater “on” (=1) and heater “off” (=0).
If the heating elements are left turned on, the funnel
temperature may reach a point where the snow evaporates
before it hits the funnel!
A-3
Appendix A. CS700H Operation
A.3 Status LED
The Status LED, within the ambient temperature sensor probe, flashes to
indicate the mode that the CS700H is in (see Table A-2).
TABLE A-2. Status LEDs
Mode Flash Rate Description
Long Flash LED on for 0.5 sec Controller powering up.
Slow Flash 1 flash every 1.5 secs In standby mode waiting for a
heating cycle.
Medium Flash 2 flashes per second Within a Heating Cycle and the
Heating Elements are presently
turned OFF. Waiting for snow to
be present before turning on
heaters.
Fast Flash 8 flashes per second Within a Heating Cycle and the
Heating elements are presently
turned ON.
A.4 Snow Sensor
The snow sensor is actually a capacitive proximity sensor that registers any
material object within a few mm range. The sensor’s power is turned on and
off to conserve power. Table A-3 lists the conditions in which power is
applied.
The state of the snow sensor (snow detected) is read using the Measure (aM!)
and Data (aD0!) commands (4
NOTE
The snow sensor must detect snow continuously for 5 seconds
before the detected flag is set to “1”. And conversely, snow must
be absent for 5 seconds continuously before the detected flag is
reset to “0”. This process prevents a premature heating cycle
when in the automatic mode.
th value).
A-4
Appendix A. CS700H Operation
TABLE A-3. Snow Sensor Power Options
Mode (X20
command)
Auto
Manual
A.5 SDI-12 Interface
You may use the SDI-12 capabilities to communicate with the microprocessor
in the rain gage. This mode is enacted on each command by proceeding each
SDI-12 command with an ascii ‘*’ rather than a “break’. When the ascii ‘*’ is
detected, all of the timing/break requirements of the SDI-12 are removed.
Snow Enabled
X22 command Description
0 Snow sensor doesn’t have power
applied. Cannot detect real snow;
however it indicates snow is always
present.
1 Snow sensor only has power applied
when the Ambient temperature is below
the Active On temperature. Can only
detect snow when temperature is in this
range.
0 Snow sensor doesn’t have power
applied. Cannot detect real snow,
however it indicates snow is always
present.
1 Snow sensor always has power applied,
and can detect snow at any time.
NOTE
Commands may be entered in a datalogger program or from a terminal
program such as “Hyperterminal”.
You must use 1200 baud, 7 bits, even parity and no
handshaking. The “a” is the sensor address in the displayed
commands. By default, the CS700H is set to address “0”.
A-5
Appendix A. CS700H Operation
TABLE A-4. SDI-12 V1.2 COMPLIANT COMMAND SET –
Go to www.sdi-12.org
Name Command Response
Break Continuous
None
spacing for
at least 12
milliseconds
Acknowledge
a! a<CR><LF>
Active
Send
Identification
Change
aI! allccccccccmmmmmmvvvxxx...xx<CR><LF>
(see Note 1.)
aAb! b<CR><LF>
Address
Address
?! a<CR><LF>
Query
Start
Measurement
aM! atttn<CR><LF> a0009 => (9 measurements in
0 secs)
Send Data aD0! (Response from Measurement and Concurrent
commands; see to Note 4)
a<value1><value2> ….. <value8><CR><LF>
value1 = Ambient temperature (°C or °F)
value2 = Block temperature (°C or °F)
value3 = Units (0=°C : 1=°F)
value4 = 0=no snow : 1=snow detected
value5 = 0=Snow sensor disabled : 1=enabled
value6 = 0=Heater Off : 1=Heater elements on
value7 = 0=Automatic Control : 1=Manual
Control
value8 = 0=Cycle Disabled : 1=Cycle Enabled
value9 = Low Power Heater cycle time left
(mins)
A-6
Continuous
Measurement
Start
Verification
Start
Concurrent
Measurement
aR0! Same reply as the D command
aV! Atttn<CR><LF> (see Note 2)
aC! atttnn<CR><LF> a00009 =>(9 measurements
in 0 secs)
Appendix A. CS700H Operation
Notes:
(1) Identification has the following syntax:
a12HydrServTBHeat4.112345<CR><LF>
-- ------------ --------- --- ------
| | | | | |
| | | | | ----- 5 digit Sensor ID (eg 12345)(as set in aX4 command)
| | | | ----------- S/W Revision (eg 4.1)
| | | ----------------- Manufacturer’s Model Name (TBHeat)
| | ----------------------------- Manufacturer’s ID (HydrServ)
| ------------------------------------- SDI-12 Version V1.2 Compliant
--------------------------------------- Unit Address
(2) The measurement command “M” and the concurrent command “C” will both return a time “ttt” of 000
indicating that the measurement will be ready in 0 seconds (immediately).
(3) With the initiate verification command (aV!), the CS700H returns a0001<CR><LF> indicating that there
is 1 measurement available and it will be ready in 0 seconds. When the Data command aD0! is issued the
CS700H will reply with:
a+0<CR><LF>
(4) Data Command Reply has the following syntax
0-06.5+33.3+0+1+1+0+0+0+05<CR><LF>
-- ---- ------ -- -- -- -- -- -- --
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | ------------- Heater Cycle Time Left
| | | | | | | | | (5 mins in this example) (only in Automatic Control mode)
| | | | | | | | ---------------- Cycle 0=> Disabled : 1=> Enabled (only in Manual Control)
| | | | | | | | (Only in S/W Rev 4.1 and above See X29 Command)
| | | | | | | -------------------- Control 0=> Automatic : 1=> Manual (See X20 Command)
| | | | | | ------------------------ Heater Elements 0=> Power Off : 1=> Power On
| | | | | --------------------------- Snow Sensor 0=> Disabled : 1=> Enabled (See X22 Command)
| | | | ----------------------------- Snow 0=>No Snow : 1=> Snow Detected
| | | --------------------------------- Units 0=> °C : 1=> °F (See X28 Command)
| | ------------------------------------- Block Temperature +33.3°C
| -------------------------------------------- Ambient Temperature –6.5°C
------------------------------------------------- Unit Address (0 in this example)
A.5.1 Special – X Commands
The SDI-12 X commands allow device specific data to be read and set. The
following commands are unique to the CS700H.
NOTE
In the following commands “a” is the address of the CS700H –
set to “0” at the factory
A-7
Appendix A. CS700H Operation
TABLE A-5. Special X Commands
User ID
aX04!
aX04+12345!
External Control
aX20!
aX20+0!
aX20+1!
Heater Control
aX21!
aX21+0!
aX21+1!
Snow Sensor Enabled
aX22!
aX22+0!
aX22+1!
ActiveOn Temperature
aX23!
aX23+04.0!
aX23+39.2!
– X04 Command
Get the transducer ID using the aD0! Command
Set the transducer ID to 12345. Acceptable values 0-65535.
This value appears in the Identify command.
– X20 Command
Get the heater state using the aD0! Command
Set the Heater Control state to 0 => Heater Elements Off
Set the Heater Control state to 1 => Heater Elements On
(Changing this state forces X29 Cycle Enable to 0=>disabled)
– X21 Command (Only operates if “External Control” set to 1)
Get the heater state using the aD0! Command
Set the Heater Control state to 0 => Heater Elements Off
Set the Heater Control state to 1 => Heater Elements On
(Changing this state forces X29 Cycle Enable to 0=>disabled)
– X22 Command
Get the snow sensor enabled state using the aD0! Command
Set the Snow Sensor Enable state to 0 => Snow sensor Disabled (When snow
sensor is disabled, the unit reports snow as detected to force a heating cycle
when the ambient is less than the active on temperature when in automatic
mode)
Set the Snow Sensor Enable state to 1 => Snow Sensor Enabled
– X23 Command
Get the ActiveOn temperature using the aD0! Command
Set the ActiveOn temperature to +4.0°C (if X28 set to 0)
Set the ActiveOn temperature to +39.2°F (if X28 set to 1)
ActiveOff Temperature
aX24!
aX24+05.0!
aX24+41.0!
LowOff Temperature
aX25!
aX25-20.0!
aX25-04.0!
SetPoint Temperature
aX26!
aX26+10.0!
aX26+50.0!
Snow Run-On Time
aX27!
aX27+18!
Celcuis / Farenheit
aX28!
aX28+0!
aX28+1!
– X25 Command
Get the LowOff temperature using the aD0! Command
Set the LowOff temperature to -20.0°C (if X28 set to 0)
Set the LowOff temperature to -4.0°F (if X28 set to 1)
– X25 Command
Get the LowOff temperature using the aD0! Command
Set the LowOff temperature to -20.0°C (if X28 set to 0)
Set the LowOff temperature to -4.0°F (if X28 set to 1)
– X26 Command
Get the funnel SetPoint temperature using the aD0! Command
Set the funnel SetPoint temperature to +10.0°C (if X28 set to 0)
Set the funnel SetPoint temperature to +50.0°F (if X28 set to 1)
– X27 Command
Get the “Snow Run-on” time after snow is detected using aD0!
Set the “Snow Run-on” time to 18 mins
– X28 Command
Get the °C / °F state using the aD0! Command
Set to Celcius (data = 0)
Set to Farenheit (data = 1)
A-8
Appendix A. CS700H Operation
Cycle Enable
aX29!
aX29+0!
aX29+1!
Preset / Calibrate Ambient
Temperature Sensor
aX91!
aX91+22.3!
aX91+72.1!
Preset / Calibrate Funnel
Temperature Sensor
aX92!
aX92+18.6!
aX92+65.5!
Set Factory Defaults
aX99+1!
– X29 Command (Only operates if “External Control” set to 1)
Get the Cycle Enable state using the aD0! Command
Set the Cycle Enable state to 0 => Heating Cycle Off
Set the Cycle Enable state to 1 => Heating Cycle On
(Changing this state forces X21 Heater Control to 0=> Off)
(This command is only available in S/W Rev 4.1 and above)
– X91 Command
Get the Ambient temperature sensor using the aD0! Command
Set the Ambient temperature sensor to +22.3°C (if X28 set to 0)
Set the Ambient temperature sensor to +72.1°F (if X28 set to 1)
– X92 Command
Get the Funnel temperature sensor using the aD0! Command
Set the Funnel temperature sensor to +18.6°C (if X28 set to 0)
Set the Funnel temperature sensor to +65.5°F (if X28 set to 1)
– X99 Command
Set the factory defaults (only when data is +1)
A-9
Appendix A. CS700H Operation
A.5.2 Operating Modes
The CS700H can be put into Automatic or Manual Operation Modes. Table
A-6 describes how the modes are entered and the operation of the modes.
TABLE A-6. Operating Modes
Auto/
Manual
X20
0 X X 1 0 / 1 Auto Mode :
0 X X 0 1 Auto Mode :
1 0 / 1 0 X X Manual Mode :
Cycle
Enable
X29
Heater
On/Off
X21
Snow
Enabled
X22
Snow
Description
When the Ambient temperature falls below the
Active On temperature X23, and Snow is
detected, then a Heating Cycle is started. (That
is, the heater elements are switched on and off to
keep inside the funnel at the SetPoint
temperature X26.) This is a low power mode, as
the heater cycle only begins when snow is
detected !
Same as above, but because the snow sensor is
disabled the snow detected flag is always set.
The Heating Cycle is started when the Ambient
temperature fall below the Active On
temperature X23. This mode uses more power
and should only be used when the system is
supplied by mains power.
The Cycle Enable flag X29 is used to force a
Heating Cycle. This is set or cleared by another
system at the site – as it determines whether
heating is required. When the Cycle Enable flag
is “0” the heaters are off. When the Cycle
Enable flag is “1” then the Heating Cycle is
started. (That is, the heater elements are
switched on and off to keep inside the funnel at
the SetPoint temperature X26.) The snow
sensor state can be read using the measure/data
commands, but its state is ignored when
controlling the heaters.
1 0 0 / 1 X X Manual Mode :
The heater elements can be controlled directly
with the Heater On/Off flag X21. When the
flag is “0” the heaters are off, and when the flag
is “1” the heaters are on. Note that the heaters
must be cycled by the controlling system in
order to control the funnel temperature. This
mode must be used with caution !
(X = Don’t Care)
A-10
A.5.3 Command Examples
For the following examples, the SDI-12 address is set to “0”.
Appendix A. CS700H Operation
NOTE
A.5.3.1 Proving Communications is working
A.5.3.2 Taking a Measurement
A.5.3.3 Example of Manual Mode Operation
<CR> = Carriage Return and <LF> = Line Feed
Type *0! and you should get a “0 <CR> <LF>” reply, indicating that
communications is operating correctly.
Type *0M! and you will get “00009 <CR> <LF>“ reply indicating there are
nine measurements ready in 0 secs
Type *0D0! and you will get “0+03.5+14.2+0+1+1+1+0+0+00 <CR> <LF>”
reply with the parameters “addr AmbientT BlockT Units Snow SnowEn Heater
ExtCtrl CycEn TimeLeft”
Refer to Table A-4 for details on these parameters.
Type *0X20+1! to enter manual mode and you will get a “00001<CR><LF>”
reply indicating there is 1 data value ready in 0 secs.
Type *0X29+1! to start a heating cycle and you will get a “00001<CR><LF>”
reply indicating there is 1 data value ready in 0 secs. The heaters will start
cycling on and off to keep inside the funnel at the Setpoint temperature X26.
The status LED will flash medium (2 flashes/sec) when the heater elements are
off and flash fast (8 flashes/sec) when the heater elements are on.
Type *0X29+0! To stop a heating cycle and you will get a “00001<CR><LF>”
reply indicating there is 1 data value ready in 0 secs. The heaters will turn off
and the status LED will slow flash (1 flash every 1.5 secs).
Refer to Table A-4 for details of other commands.
A-11
Appendix A. CS700H Operation
A-12
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