Campbell Scientific CR9000X User Manual

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CR9000X Measurement and

Control System

Revision: 4/12

Campbell Scientific, Inc.

Warranty

The CR9000X Measurement and Control System is warranted for thirty-six (36) months subject to this limited warranty:

“PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED BY CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. are warranted by Campbell Scientific, Inc. (“Campbell”) to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service for twelve (12) months from date of shipment unless otherwise specified in the corresponding Campbell pricelist or product manual. Products not manufactured, but that are re-sold by Campbell, are warranted only to the limits extended by the original manufacturer. Batteries, fine-wire thermocouples, desiccant, and other consumables have no warranty. Campbell's obligation under this warranty is limited to repairing or replacing (at Campbell's option) defective products, which shall be the sole and exclusive remedy under this warranty. The customer shall assume all costs of removing, reinstalling, and shipping defective products to Campbell. Campbell will return such products by surface carrier prepaid within the continental United States of America. To all other locations, Campbell will return such products best way CIP (Port of Entry) INCOTERM® 2010, prepaid. This warranty shall not apply to any products which have been subjected to modification, misuse, neglect, improper service, accidents of nature, or shipping damage. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied. The warranty for installation services performed by Campbell such as programming to customer specifications, electrical connections to products manufactured by Campbell, and product specific training, is part of Campbell’s product warranty. CAMPBELL EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS AND EXCLUDES ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Campbell is not liable for any special, indirect, incidental, and/or consequential damages.”

Assistance

Products may not be returned without prior authorization. The following contact information is for US and international customers residing in countries served by Campbell Scientific, Inc. directly. Affiliate companies handle repairs for customers within their territories. Please visit

www.campbellsci.com to determine which Campbell Scientific company serves

your country.

To obtain a Returned Materials Authorization (RMA), contact CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC., phone (435) 227-9000. After an applications engineer determines the nature of the problem, an RMA number will be issued. Please write this number clearly on the outside of the shipping container. Campbell Scientific's shipping address is:

CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. RMA#_____ 815 West 1800 North Logan, Utah 84321-1784

For all returns, the customer must fill out a "Statement of Product Cleanliness and Decontamination" form and comply with the requirements specified in it. The form is available from our web site at www.campbellsci.com/repair. A completed form must be either emailed to repair@campbellsci.com or faxed to (435) 227-9106. Campbell Scientific is unable to process any returns until we receive this form. If the form is not received within three days of product receipt or is incomplete, the product will be returned to the customer at the customer's expense. Campbell Scientific reserves the right to refuse service on products that were exposed to contaminants that may cause health or safety concerns for our employees.

CR9000X Table of Contents

PDF viewers: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use the PDF reader bookmarks tab for links to specific sections.

Quick Start.................................................................. QS-1

QS1. Setting Up....................................................................................... QS-2

QS1.1 Installing RTDAQ.................................................................. QS-2

QS1.2 Opening Enclosure................................................................. QS-2

QS1.3 Connecting the RS232 Port/ Card Installation....................... QS-2

QS1.4 Powering the Logger.............................................................. QS-3

QS1.5 Setting Up Serial Communications....................................... QS-3

QS1.6 Setting Up IP Communications ............................................. QS-9

QS2. Program Generator Basics ............................................................ QS-12

QS2.1 Program Generator Summary Window................................ QS-12

QS2.2 Program Generator Configuration Window......................... QS-13

QS2.3 Program Generator Scan Window ....................................... QS-14

QS2.4 Program Generator Output Table Window.......................... QS-15

QS2.5 Program Generator Special Configuration........................... QS-16

QS2.6 Program Generator: Save and Download ............................. QS-17

QS3. RealTime Monitoring ................................................................... QS-18

QS5. View Data..................................................................................... QS-20

QS6. Comparison of CR9032 and CR9031........................................... QS-21

Overview..................................................................... OV-1

OV1. Physical Description ......................................................................OV-2

OV1.1 Basic System .........................................................................OV-2

OV1.2 Measurement Modules ..........................................................OV-7

OV1.3 Communication Interfaces ..................................................OV-20

OV2. Memory and Programming Concepts ..........................................OV-20

OV2.1 Memory...............................................................................OV-20

OV2.2 Measurements, Processing, Data Storage............................OV-21

OV2.3 Data Tables..........................................................................OV-21

OV3. Commonly Used Peripherals .......................................................OV-22

OV4. Support Software .........................................................................OV-23

OV5. Specifications...............................................................................OV-27

1. Installation.................................................................1-1

1.1 Enclosure .............................................................................................. 1-1

1.1.1 Connecting Sensors..................................................................... 1-1

1.1.2 Quick Connectors ....................................................................... 1-1

1.1.3 Junction Boxes............................................................................ 1-2

1.2 System Power Requirements and Options............................................ 1-3

1.2.1 Power Supply and Charging Circuitry........................................ 1-3

1.2.2 Connecting to Vehicle Power Supply ......................................... 1-5

1.2.3 Solar Panels................................................................................. 1-6

1.2.4 External Battery Connection....................................................... 1-6

1.2.5 Safety Precautions....................................................................... 1-7

CR9000X Table of Contents

2. Data Storage and Retrieval ..................................... 2-1

1.3 Humidity Effects and Control............................................................... 1-7

1.3.1 Desiccant..................................................................................... 1-7

1.3.2 Nitrogen Purging......................................................................... 1-7

1.4 Recommended Grounding Practices..................................................... 1-8

1.4.1 Protection from Lightning........................................................... 1-8

1.4.2 Operational Input Voltage Limits: Effect on Measurements....... 1-8

1.5 Use of Digital Control Ports for Switching Relays............................... 1-9

2.1 Memory/Data Storage in CR9000X...................................................... 2-1

2.1.1 Internal Flash Memory................................................................ 2-1

2.1.2 Internal Synchronous DRAM...................................................... 2-1

2.1.3 PCMCIA PC Card....................................................................... 2-1

2.2 Internal Data Format ............................................................................. 2-2

2.2.1 NAN and ±INF............................................................................ 2-3

2.3 Data Collection .....................................................................................2-5

2.3.1 The Collect Menu........................................................................ 2-5

2.3.2 Table Monitor Window Save to File........................................... 2-7

2.3.3 File Control Files Retrieval ......................................................... 2-7

2.3.4 Logger Files Retrieval Via PCMCIA PC Card ........................... 2-8

2.3.5 Converting File Format ................................................................ 2-9

2.4 Data Format on Computer................................................................... 2-10

2.4.1 Data File Header Information ...................................................2-10

2.4.2 TOA5 ASCII File Format .........................................................2-13

2.4.3 TOB1 Binary File Format ......................................................... 2-14

2.4.4 TOB3 Binary File Format ......................................................... 2-14

3. CR9000X Measurement Details .............................. 3-1

3.1 Measurements using the CR9041 A/D.................................................. 3-1

3.1.1 Analog Voltage Measurement Sequence ....................................3-1

3.1.2 Single Ended and Differential Voltage Measurements ............... 3-3

3.1.3 Signal Settling Time.................................................................... 3-8

3.1.4 Thermocouple Measurements ................................................... 3-10

3.1.5 Bridge Resistance Measurements.............................................. 3-18

3.1.6 Measurements Requiring AC Excitation................................... 3-20

3.1.7 Influence of Ground Loop on Measurements ...........................3-20

3.2 CR9058E Isolation Module Measurements ........................................ 3-21

3.2.1 CR9058E Supported Instructions.............................................. 3-22

3.2.2 CR9058E Sampling, Noise and Filtering.................................. 3-24

3.2.3 CR9058E; Hard Setting the Filter Order................................... 3-27

3.3 CR9052 Filter Module Measurements................................................ 3-30

3.4 Pulse Count Measurements................................................................. 3-35

3.4.1 CR9070 PulseCount Resolution................................................ 3-35

3.4.2 CR9071E PulseCount Resolution .............................................3-37

3.4.3 CR9071E TimerIO for Measuring Frequency Inputs................ 3-38

3.4.4 High Frequency Pulse Measurements ....................................... 3-38

4. CRBasic – Native Language Programming ........... 4-1

4.1 Introduction to Writing CR9000X Programs........................................ 4-1

4.1.1 ShortCut ......................................................................................4-1

4.1.2 Program Generator ...................................................................... 4-1

CR9000X Table of Contents

4.1.3 CRBasic Program Editor............................................................. 4-2

4.1.4 Programming CRBASIC's "Basics":........................................... 4-3

4.2 CRBasic Programming ......................................................................... 4-6

4.2.1 Fundamental elements of CRBASIC include: ............................ 4-6

4.2.2 Numerical Entries ....................................................................... 4-7

4.2.3 Programming Structure............................................................... 4-7

4.2.4 Declarations .............................................................................. 4-11

4.2.5 Constants................................................................................... 4-19

4.2.6 Flags.......................................................................................... 4-19

4.2.7 Parameter Types........................................................................ 4-20

4.2.8 Data Tables ............................................................................... 4-20

4.2.9 Measurement Timing and Processing....................................... 4-24

4.2.10 CRBasic Measurement Instructions........................................ 4-29

4.2.11 Expressions ............................................................................. 4-34

4.3 Program Access to Data Tables.......................................................... 4-39

5. Program Declarations ..............................................5-1

6. Data Table Declarations and Output Processing

Instructions ...........................................................6-1

6.1 Data Table Declaration ......................................................................... 6-1

6.2 Trigger Modifiers ................................................................................. 6-2

6.3 Export Data Instructions..................................................................... 6-11

6.4 Output Processing Instructions........................................................... 6-13

7. Measurement Instructions .......................................7-1

7.1 Voltage Measurements ......................................................................... 7-3

7.2 Thermocouple Measurements............................................................... 7-5

7.3 Resistive Bridge Measurements............................................................ 7-9

7.3.1 Electrical Bridge Circuits............................................................ 7-9

7.3.2 Bridge Excitation ........................................................................ 7-9

7.3.3 Half Bridges.............................................................................. 7-10

7.3.4 Full Bridges............................................................................... 7-13

7.4 Self Measurements.............................................................................. 7-15

7.5 Peripheral Devices.............................................................................. 7-16

7.6 Pulse/Timing/State Measurements....................................................... 7-36

7.7 Serial Sensors ..................................................................................... 7-42

7.8 CR9052DC & CR9052IEPE Filter Module........................................ 7-43

8. Processing and Math Instructions ..........................8-1

9. Datalogger Control ...................................................9-1

9.1 Program Structure/Control.................................................................... 9-1

9.2 Datalogger Status/Control .................................................................. 9-27

9.3 File Control......................................................................................... 9-53

10. Custom Keyboard Display Menus.......................10-1

iii

CR9000X Table of Contents

11. String Functions .................................................. 11-1

Appendices

A. Keywords and Predefined Constants.................... A-1

B. Filter Module Available Scan Rates....................... B-1

C. PC/CF Card Information..........................................C-1

11.1 Expressions with Strings................................................................... 11-1

11.1.1 Constant Strings ...................................................................... 11-1

11.1.2 Add Strings ............................................................................. 11-1

11.1.3 Subtraction of Strings.............................................................. 11-1

11.1.4 String Conversion to/from Numeric........................................ 11-1

11.1.5 String Comparison Operators.................................................. 11-2

11.1.6 Sample () Type Conversions and other Output Processing

Instructions ..........................................................................11-2

11.2 String Manipulation Functions.......................................................... 11-2

D. Status Table .............................................................D-1

E. Glossary ................................................................... E-1

E.1 Terms....................................................................................................... 1

E.2 Concepts ................................................................................................ 11

E.2.1 Accuracy, Precision, and Resolution ........................................... 11

Index.........................................................................Index-1

Quick Start

QS-1

Quick Start

QS1. Setting Up

QS1.1 Installing RTDAQ

QS1.2 Opening Enclosure

A CD with one licensed copy of RTDAQ is provided with every CR9000X. Locate and install RTDAQ onto a computer with Windows 2000, XP, or Vista. It is best to install RTDAQ in a sub folder called RTDAQ under a CampbellSci directory in your root directory.

The CR9000XC and the CR9000X with Environmental Enclosure have air-tight seals. It may be required to press the gas relief valve on the side of the enclosure to equalize the internal and atmospheric pressures in order to o

en the enclosure.

QS1.3 Connecting the RS232 Port/ Card Installation

A nine pin serial cable is supplied with your CR9000X. Plug one end into your laptop COM port and the other to the CR9032 module's RS232 nine pin communication port.

+12 G C1 C2 C3

SDM

CR9032 CPU

When using a Card, the process to remove it is to press the "Card Removal" button and wait for the Card Status Led to turn green.

CARD STATUS LED: Not Lit: No card detected. Red: Accessing the card Yellow: Corrupt Card, Error Green: Can safel

remove card

RS-232 CS I/O ETHERNET CARD PC-CARD

STATUS

CONTROL

Card Removal Button

Card Status LED

Top of Card Faces Down

If you have either a Type II Flash card or a compact flash card, format it (CR9000X accepts FAT16 or FAT32 formats) and install it into the PC card slot, face down.

MADE IN USA

QS-2

QS1.4 Powering the Logger

Quick Start

Power and Charge LED Li

hts

On/Off Switch

A universal power adapter that can convert 120/240 AC to the required DC voltage is supplied with the CR9000X(C). The adapter has a Limo connector which mates with the CR9011 Power Supply module. Connect the Limo connectors and plug the adapter into the AC wall outlet. The Charge LED should turn red. You are now ready to power up the CR9000X with the On/Off toggle switch.

QS1.5 Setting Up Serial Communications

Connect a straight through RS-232 cable from your computers serial port to the RS-232 port on the CR9032. Start up RTDAQ. You should see the Window shown below. Click on the Icon with a data logger + sign to start the Wizard to set up a new CR9000X.

Limo connector for connection to universal AC power adapter.

Click on to set up a CR9000X

datalogger.

QS-3

Quick Start

The wizard will prompt you sequentially through the settings required for your RS232 communication set-up. In this window, scroll down through the logger types and select the CR9000X. You can enter a descriptive name for the datalogger set-up. It should be noted that this name is used solely for the software and does not affect the "Station Name" internal of the logger.

Select the CR9000X and enter a name for the logger set-up.

Click on Next.

Select "Direct Connect" for your communication mode.

QS-4

Quick Start

Select the computer COM Port that you will be using to communicate with the logger. Only COM ports which are recognized and made available by the PC's operating system will be listed.

Enter 4 seconds for the Com Port Communication Delay. Click "Next".

Select the

COM Port

from the pull down list, and enter 4 seconds for the Port

Comm Dela

Select the desired Baud Rate

Enter 3 for the

Extra Response Time

Enter 0 for the Max Time Online.

Enter the Baud Rate supported by your computer, up to 115200 baud. Enter 3 or 4 seconds for the Extra Response Time and 0 for the Max Time On-Line. Click on "Next".

QS-5

Quick Start

This next window has a Synopsis of your selected options. Verify that it has the requisite settings and click on "Next".

You will now have the option to Test your Communications link. If you are connected to a logger, select "Yes", and click on "Next". If you are not connected to a logger, click on "Finish".

QS-6

Quick Start

If you have set up the communication link correctly, you should see this screen. Click on "Next".

The next window is for setting your logger's clock. You have the option to enter an offset to account for a Time Zone difference between what your PC is set to and the time zone where the logger will be located. Click on "Set Datalogger Clock" and then "Next".

QS-7

Quick Start

In this next window, the Station Name internal of the logger (Status Table) is shown and can be modified if desired. A program can also be sent to the logger if desired. For now, click on "Next".

You are now finished setting up your communication link. Click on "Finish" and you will be prompted to stay connected to the logger. Click on "Yes".

QS-8

QS1.6 Setting Up IP Communications

Once serial communications has been established, the CR9000X's IP can be set. First you have to be connected to the CR9000X through the RS232 port. Next go into RTDAQ's Terminal Mode window (Datalogger/Terminal Emulator). Click on "Open Terminal" in the "I/O Port" section and then press <enter> recursively until the "CR9000X" prompt appears. Press C and <enter>. If you delay for too long, you may need to press <enter> to re-invoke the CR9000X prompt. The CR9000X's IP port settings will be shown. To change any of the settings, type in the associated number, enter the new setting and press <enter>. Once complete, type in 6 (Save and Exit). Press <enter> until you get the CR9000X prompt and type in C and <enter> to verify new settings.

For communications across a LAN, or through the Internet, a straight CAT 5 Ethernet cable should be used. For hooking up directly to your PC's Ethernet port, a CAT 5 Ethernet crossover cable is required.

After the CR9000X's IP settings have been set, you will need to add another logger communication station, this time setting it up for IP communications instead of serial communications. Before RTDAQ will allow you to set up another station, it will be necessary to "Disconnect" from the Serial Connected Logger (station that we just created). To start, press the Icon with a data logger + sign to start the Station set-up wizard again. This time select "IP Port" for the Communication Mode. Once you have setup the IP station, if communication is still not established, read the section QS1.6.1, "IP Port Set-up Tips".

Quick Start

To change a setting, type in the associated number and press <enter>.

First, click on "Open Terminal". Next press <enter> until the CR9000X prompt is returned. Type in "C" and <enter> and the CR9000X's I/P port setting will

e returned.

In this example, a 3 (IP Address) was typed in. The CR9000X responded with the its current IP address and the software is waiting for a new IP address to be entered. After changes are made and entered, enter 6 and hit <enter> to "Save" the new values to the logger.

QS-9

Quick Start

QS1.6.1 IP Port Setup Tips

If you are hooking up one or more CR9000Xs on to a Local Area Network, we recommend that you obtain from your IT department a value for the SubNet mask and a fixed range of IP addresses for the(se) CR9000X(s). This will ensure that you are operating within the

requirements set by your IT department, and should eliminate conflicts with other Ethernet devices on your LAN. No two devices may share an IP address.

Many Networks are configured to provide dynamic IP addressing (every time you log onto the Network, your PC is assigned a new IP address). If your computer is set-up for Dynamic IP addressing, when it is booted up without being connected to your LAN, its IP address will be set to

000.000.000.000. This setting disables the IP port and network routing for your computer; i.e. you will not be able to communicate with the CR9000X. If the computer is booted while connected to the LAN and receives an IP address, this address should remain in effect until the computer is rebooted. You can determine whether or not your PC is set-up for Dynamic Addressing, as well as the current IP address and Subnet Mask settings for the computer, by going to your Control Panel: Control Panel/Network Connections/Local Area Network/Properties/ scroll to Internet Protocol and click on Properties. If "Obtain an IP address automatically" is clicked on, then your PC is set-up for Dynamic IP addressing. If the PC was booted up without being connected to the LAN, remove this selection and enter a IP address and mask.

See Section QS1.6.1.1 Subnet Mask and IP Settings for more on IP Address and Mask settings.

It should be noted that the CR9000X requires a static IP address. If the CR9000X will be hooked up to a LAN, this static IP address should be provided by the IT department. Although the CR9000X may have left the manufacturer with an IP address and Subnet Mask, these values should be changed for communications on your LAN.

If you are communicating with the CR9000X using a computer that is never hooked up to a Network, you can easily choose the Mask and IP addresses for the CR9000X and the PC. The same mask should be used for both the CR9000X and the PC. An example of a good Mask setting is

255.255.255.0. Using this Mask setting, the first three bytes of the PC's and the CR9000X's IP addresses would need to be set to identical values while the fourth byte could be set to anything from 0 to 255 (example: PC IP address set to 223.240.0.1 and the CR9000X set to 223.240.0.2). After changing the computer's IP port settings, you will need to re-boot before the new settings will be activated. The PC's and CR9000X's IP addresses cannot be identical.

QS-10

QS1.6.1.1 Subnet Mask and IP Settings

The SubNet Mask is a decimal equivalent of a 4-byte binary address. For any bit set high in the computer's Mask, the corresponding bit in the IP addresses, for devices that will be communicating with each other, must be identical.

Example: A PC's SubNet Mask is set to 255.255.240 (binary representation: is 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000). For two devices to communicate, the first two bytes of their IP addresses must be identical. The first 4 bits of the third byte must also match. So if the third byte for the PC's IP address is set to 192 (11000000), then any other device that is to communicate with this PC would need to have the third byte set to 1100XXXX (first 4 bits identical). For this example, a third byte of 11000001 (193) or 11000011 (195) would work. Even 11000000 (192) would work as long as the fourth byte is not identical for the two devices. As the PC's Mask fourth byte is all zeros, none of its bits for the two devices' IP addresses need to match.

It should be remembered that two devices on a network, or that will be communicating with each other, should not have identical IP addresses. So for the Subnet Mask of 255.255.240.0, one example of a good pair of IP addresses is 128.255.192.1 and 128.255.192.2.

Quick Start

If the PC has a fixed IP address, set the CR9000X's Mask to the value of the PC's SubNet mask, and use the above to determine the CR9000X's IP address. Example, the PC mask is 255.255.255.0, and its IP address is

192.168.240.3. Valid IP address for the logger would be

192.168.240.XXXX, with XXXX ranging from 0 to 255 with the exception of 3 (cannot be identical).

If you are using a computer that will be hooked up to a Network, then your IT people should provide you information on what values you should use for the SubNet mask and the IP address.

QS-11

Quick Start

QS2. Program Generator Basics

QS2.1 Program Generator Summary Window

Access RTDAQ's Program Generator for the CR9000X using the green calculator ICON at the right of the main tool bar. If a CR5000 Program Generator window is invoked, click on File/New/CR9000X.

This Summary window will be shown.

Click on Configuration to enter your Loggers configuration.

QS-12

QS2.2 Program Generator Configuration Window

(

Colors match the colors of the module names to the right. The modules must be inserted into the

Quick Start

Enter a 2 for the CPU Type

CR9032 CPU).

When checked, these boxes create the code to perform special functions. We will be selecting some of these later.

Click on Done to save your selections.

Enter the number and type of modules that you will be using in your CR9000X.

Enter the size of the PCMCIA memory card used in the CR9032 module's PC card slot. This value will be used to estimate the amount of remaining memory in the Output Tables window.

QS-13

Quick Start

QS2.3 Program Generator Scan Window

SCAN RATE

The values entered here set the scan rate of the program which determines how often the measurements are made. You may use the scroll bar to set the time value or type the numeric time value directly into the Scan Interval box. Enter 10 in the Scan Interval box and select mSeconds for the units. This will create a program that scans 100 times a second.

Enter 100 for the number of Scans to Buffer. This sets the number of scans that processing can la measurements without having skipped scans (loss of data). The number of Scans to Buffer is limited by the available memory

Click on Done to save your selections.

QS-14

QS2.4 Program Generator Output Table Window

Click on Enable to set-up a Data Table. Click in the Table Name box and enter a name for your Data Table (up to 8 characters).

Quick Start

Each table interval is independently set or Synchronized to the program scan interval. Select mSecs and enter 50 in the numeric box (output to the Table at a rate of 20 Hz).

Select the media where the DataTable is to be stored

Check the Auto Size box. This will cause the CR9000X to allocate the largest possible table size for the media selected at compile time. Specified table sizes will be allocated first, then memory for the auto-size tables will be allocated to fill at nearly the same time.

Output tables are the data bases created by the CR9000X. They may either reside within the CR9000X memory or on PCMCIA cards, and may be accessed with the real-time capabilities of the RTDAQ software. The Program Generator allows you to create and configure up to 6 tables. Click on Done after the Data Table is set up.

QS-15

Quick Start

QS2.5 Program Generator Special Configuration

Click on Main Battery Volts and Main Battery Current to invoke the output dialogue box.

Next we will go back into the Configuration window to enable the monitoring of the CR9000X's battery.

Click on Done after setting up the Battery measurements.

Click on Public and Average.

QS-16

QS2.6 Program Generator: Save and Download

Now we are ready to download the program into the CR9000X.

Click on Save and Send.

Quick Start

Select a name for the program and "Save" it to a directory on your computer.

Click on Run Now, Run On Power Up, and Erase all card data files. Then Click Send.

QS-17

Quick Start

QS3. RealTime Monitoring

The Table Monitor window can be accessed from RTDAQ's "Monitor Data" tab. From the Icons available, select Table Monitor. Up to three Tables can be displayed on a single instance of a Table Monitor window. Simply select the Table(s) to monitor from the pull down list.

Select Public and Batt from the pull down list of available Data Tables.

QS-18

QS4. Data Collection

The Collect window can be accessed from RTDAQ's Collect Data tab.

There are options for setting-up the collection mode, the file mode, and file format for the data collection process. The file name and path can also be set here. The default path and name would be:

C:\CampbellSci\RTDAQ\LoggerName_TableName.dat; where

LoggerName = The name user defined name in RTDAQ's network

TableName = The name of the data table in the logger.

Quick Start

map.

Select

All the Data,

Create New File and AS

CII Data w/ Time Stamps and Record Numbers.

Click off Select All, select the Batt Data Table from the list and then click

Start Collectio

Highlight Batt, and then click on ViewFile.

Once the collection is complete, a Data Collection Results window will appear. Highlight the Table Batt and click on View File.

QS-19

Quick Start

QS5. View Data

The ViewPro utlitity can also be accessed from RTDAQ's main toolbar: Tools\ViewPro. ViewPro includes a full set of graphing capabilities. Select one or two columns and click on the Line Graph Icon.

Highlight BattVolt & BattCurr columns and click on the Line Graph icon.

Right click on trace name and select "Edit Selection" to change trace properties and set up the X axis.

QS-20

QS6. Comparison of CR9032 and CR9031

Processor

Memory

Quick Start

QS-21

Quick Start

Communication Ports

Peripheral Compatibility

QS-22

PC-Card LED Indicator Status

Instruction Set

The CR9031 and CR9032 have similar instruction sets, and many existing CR9000 programs will function properly without modifications. The CR9032 includes additional instructions that support capabilities not provided in the CR9031. Also, some of the CR9031’s instructions have been modified or removed, and programs containing those instructions will need to be revised.

Quick Start

New Instructions

QS-23

Quick Start

Modified or Removed Instructions

Existing CR9000 programs that include one or more of the following instructions will need to be revised if the CR9000 is upgraded to a CR9000X (i.e., the CR9031 module is replaced with the CR9032).

QS-24

Overview

The CR9000X is a modular, multi-processor system that provides precision measurement capabilities in a rugged,stand-alone, battery-operated package. The system makes measurements at a rate of up to 100 K samples/second with 16-bit resolution. The CR9000X Base System includes CPU, power supply, and A/D modules. Up to nine I/O modules are inserted in the CR9000X, or up to five I/O modules are inserted into the CR9000XC, to configure a system for specific applications. The on-board, BASIC-like programming language includes data processing and analysis routines. RTDAQ Windows realtime monitoring. LoggerNet software can be used for multiple station applications requiring modem communications and/or where schedule data collection to a PC is required.

™

Software provides program generation and editing, data retrieval, and

CR9000

AC ADAPTOR

FIGURE OV1-1. CR9000X Measurement and Control System

OV-1

Overview

OV1. Physical Description

OV1.1 Basic System

The basic CR9000X system includes a CR9011 Power supply module, a CR9032 CPU module, and a CR9041 A/D module. These are installed into a mother board in an enclosure. Also included in all CR9000X base systems is a battery, and a wall charger.

There are two sizes of base systems to choose from. The CR9000XC compact version comes in an aluminum enclosure and can accommodate up to 5 measurement modules. The CR9000X full size chassis can be configured with a lab enclosure or a fiberglass environmental enclosure and can accommodate up to 9 measurement modules.

The CR9000XC includes a 7 AHr lithium battery. The CR9000X full size logger includes two 7 AHr batteries. It is recommended to keep these batteries from reaching a state of deep discharge (10.5 V) which can damage the cells.

CR9011 Power Supply Module and AC Adapter

POWER CHARGE

9011 POWER SUPPLY

ON OFF

MADE IN USA

FIGURE OV1-4. CR9011

The CR9011 Power Supply Module provides regulated power to the CR9000X from either the internal battery modules or from the 9 to 18 VDC (fuse and diode protected) charge inputs. It also regulates battery charging (up to 2 amps) from power supplied by the AC adapter, a DC input, or other external sources. The AC adapter may be used where AC power is available (100 - 240 volts) to provide power to the CR9000X and charge its batteries.

High Current Demand Applications

A DC source with voltage in the range of 9 to 18 VDC will charge the internal lead acid batteries and power the CR9000X provided sufficient current is available and the system is set-up to use 3 amps or less. If the CR9000X system configuration requires greater than 3 amps, consult a CSI applications engineer for information about the CR9011 Power Supply High-Current modification.

CHARGE(9-18VDC)

12VOUT POWER UP

>2.0V

<0.8V

OV-2

LEDs There are 2 LEDs: Power and Charge. The Power LED is red if

the logger is powered up. The Charge LED is red to indicate the presence of a charging source for the batteries.

On/Off The ON/Off toggle switch is used to manually power up and down

the logger. It should be noted that if the toggle switch is in the ON position, but the Power LED is dark, it could either mean that there

Overview

is no power available, the logger has been shut down through software control or that the internal fuse is blown.

Charge There are two connections, in parallel, for hooking up a 9 to 18

VDC charging source. These connections are fuse and diode protected. The CR9011's 12VOUT supply is current limited to 300 mA. If a peripheral requires more current, the CR9032 SDM 12 volt out can source up to 1.85 amps.

>2.0V The CR9011 has a relay that allows shutting off power under

program control. The Power Up inputs allow an external signal to awaken the CR9000X from a powered down state (see the PowerOff topic in Section 9 9.2 Data Logger Status/ Control). When the CR9000X is in this "Power Off" state, the On/Off switch is in the ON position but the internal relay is open and the power LED is not lit. If the ">2" input has a voltage greater than 2 volts applied to it (most common usage is 12 Volts), the CR9000X will awake, load the program in memory and run.

<0.8V If the <0.8 input is shorted to ground during the CR9000X's 2 to 5

second initialization during power-up, any program set to Run On Powerup will be disabled. This is useful if a program is in some endless loop and communications cannot be established. Can also be used to wake up a logger that has been shut down through software control.

In addition to regulating and supplying power to the logger, the CR9011 keeps track of the date and time. If the CR9000X system's CR9011 module is swapped out, the Date/Time will need to be reset. The clock is powered off the main 12 volt batteries. In addition, there are two backup power sources for the clock, a lithium battery and a super capacitor, both located on the CR9011 board.

The run time attributes (Run Now, Run on Powerup ..) of the program files are also stored on the CR9011. If the CR9011 in the system is swapped out for

a different CR9011, the run time attribute settings will no longer be valid and will need to be reset by the user.

MEASUREMENTS:

Battery (voltage and current)

CONTROL:

PowerOff Program Run Attributes ClockSet

See Section 1.2 System Power Requirements and Options for additional details.

OV-3

Overview

CR9032 CPU Module

SDM

CR9032 CPU

+12 G C1 C2 C3

RS-232 CS I/O ETHERNET CARD PC-CARD

STATUS

CONTROL

Top of Card Faces Down

FIGURE OV1-2. CR9032

The CR9032 CPU Module provides system control, processing, and communication. The CR9032 CPU module is the main processor for the datalogger as well as memory for program storage and buffering data. The main processor is a 180 MHz Hitachi SH-4 microprocessor. The module has 128 MB SDRAM and 2 MB Flash EEPROM. 128 KB of the Flash memory is reserved for program storage.

MADE IN USA

NOTE

The 128 MB of SDRAM is not battery backed and that data that is stored there will be lost when the logger is powered down or experiences a watchdog reset.

CRITICAL DATA SHOULD BE STORED ON THE PCMCIA CARD.

The CR9032 CPU Module provides the following:

SDM Ports C1 through C3 are used for communication with SDM (Synchronous Device

for Measurements) peripherals such as the SDM-CAN or SDM-SIO4. The SDM 12 volt supply is current limited to 1.85 amps and can be used to power other peripherals besides SDM devices.

RS232 The Datalogger RS-232 port can function as either a DCE (Data

Communication Equipment such as a modem) or DTE (Data Terminal Equipment such as a computer) device. For the Datalogger RS-232 port to function as a DTE device, a null modem cable is required. The most common use of the Datalogger's RS-232 port is a connection to a computer DTE device. A standard DB9-to-DB9 cable can connect the computer DTE device to the Datalogger DCE device. Pins 1, 4, 6 and 9 function differently than a standard DCE device. This is to accommodate a connection to a modem or other DCE device via a null modem. Pin configuration for the CR9000X RS-232 9-pin port is listed in TABLE OV1-1.

TABLE OV1-1. Datalogger RS-232 Pin-Out

OV-4

1 DCD DTR (tied to pin 6) O* Data Terminal Ready

2 TXD TXD O Asynchronous data Transmit

3 RXD RXD I Asynchronous data Receive

4 DTR N/A X* Not Connected

5 GND GND GND Ground

6 DSR DTR O* Data Terminal Ready

7 CTS CTS I Clear to send

8 RTS RTS O Request to send

9 RI RI I* Ring

DCE

Function

Logger

Function

I/O

Description

Overview

* Different pin function compared to a standard DCE device. These pins will

accommodate a connection to modem or other DCE devices via a null modem cable.

I/O Descriptors: O = Signal Out of the CR1000 to a RS-232 device; I = Signal Into the CR1000 from a RS-232 device, X = Signal has no connection (floating)

CS I/O CSI 9 Pin port for communications with CSI's peripherals (such as the DSP4).

Table OV1-2 lists the pin configuration for the CR9000X CS I/O port.

TABLE C-1. CS I/O Pin Description

O = Signal Out of the CR9000X to a peripheral. I = Signal Into the CR9000X from a peripheral.

PIN ABR I/O Description

1 5 V O 5V: Sources 5 VDC, used to power peripherals.

2 SG Signal Ground: Provides a power return for pin 1 (5V),

and is used as a reference for voltage levels.

3 RING I Ring: Raised by a peripheral to put the CR9000X in the

telecommunications mode.

4 RXD I Receive Data: Serial data transmitted by a peripheral are

received on pin 4.

5 ME O Modem Enable: Raised when the CR9000X determines

that a modem raised the ring line.

6 SDE O Synchronous Device Enable: Used to address

Synchronous Devices (SDs), and can be used as an enable line for printers.

7 CLK/HS I/O Clock/Handshake: Used with the SDE and TXD lines to

address and transfer data to SDs. When not used as a clock, pin 7 can be used as a handshake line (during printer output, high enables, low disables).

8 +12 VDC

9 TXD O Transmit Data: Serial data are transmitted from the

CR9000X to peripherals on pin 9; logic low marking (0V) logic high spacing (5V) standard asynchronous ASCII, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 start bit, 1 stop bit, 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19,200, 38,400, 115,200 baud (user selectable).

Ethernet Supports 10BaseT or 100baseT communications. An Ethernet crossover

cable is required for hooking up directly to a computer.

There are two LEDs on the Ethernet port. The LED on the lower left of the port indicates communication speed. If hooked into a 10BaseT link it will be dark, if hooked into a 100BaseT link it will be lit green.The LED on the lower right of the port indicates communication traffic. If communications is active, it should be flashing yellow.

PC Card The CR9000X has a built in PCMCIA card slot that can support cards up to 2

GB in size with a status LED and control button. Removing a card while it is active can corrupt the data and potentially damage the card. Press Card removal button and wait for LED to turn green before removing Card. Do not switch off the power (CR9011 Module) while the cards are present and active

OV-5

Overview

(Press card button prior to flipping the power switch). If the logger is powered off using software control (PowerOff instruction), the data buffered in the CPU is flushed to the card and the Logger is shut down properly.

NOTE

DO NOT POWER DOWN LOGGER WHILE PCMCIA CARD IS ACTIVE.

LED code description:

Dark: No card detected or formatted card present without errors Yellow: Either no card or corrupt card with program trying to access the card Red: Accessing the card Green: Can safely remove the card

Only Industrial grade PC cards should be used. They can operate over a wider temperature range, have better vibration and shock resistance, have faster read/write times, and can withstand more write cycles than the commercial grade cards. It should be remembered that a system is only as good as its weakest link. Do not buy a cheap memory card to store data for a test whose results are important.

See Appendix C PC/CF Card Information for details on selecting memory card.

Up to a total of 30 data tables, each capable of storing data at different rates, can be created between the CPU's SDRAM and the PC Card. Data Tables created on the PC cards will also have a buffer table created in SDRAM. The size of this buffer can either be manually or auto allocated.

MEASUREMENTS/INSTRUCTIONS THAT DIRECTLY UTLIZE THE CPU HARDWARE OR COMMUNICATIONS OPTION:

CardOut Output Data to PC Card CS7500 Open Path CO2/H20 Sensor CSAT3 CSI Sonic Anemometer DSP4 DSP4 Heads up Display SDMA04 Analog Voltage Output Peripheral SDMCANBus CANBus Interface Peripheral SDMCD16AC I/O Port Peripheral used for controlling relays SDMCVO4 Analog Current and Voltage Output Peripheral SDMINT8 Interval Timer Peripheral SDMIO16 Control Port Expansion device SDMSIO4 Serial Input/Output Peripheral SDMSW8A Switch Closure Measurement Peripheral

CR9041 A D

OV-6

CR9041 A/D and Amplifier Module

CR9000X

MEASUREMENT & CONTROL SYSTEM

LOGAN, UTAH

FIGURE OV1-3. CR9041

The CR9041 A/D and Amplifier Module provides signal conditioning and 16 bit, 100 kHz A/D conversions.

MADE IN USA

OV1.2 Measurement Modules

CR9050(E) Analog Input Module

DIF

Overview

9050 ANALOG INPUT W RTD

MADE IN USA

FIGURE OV1-5. CR9050

The only difference between a CR9050 and a CR9050E is that the CR9050E is an "Easy Connect" module type, and includes a CR9050EC. Both the CR9050E and the CR9051E use the same CR9050EC Easy Connect module (See Figure OV1-6). The CR9050E typically remains in the CR9000(X) chassis while each CR9050EC remains connected to the sensors. This allows one CR9000(X) system to be moved from location to location and be quickly connected to the sensors on-site.

The CR9050(E) Analog Input Module has 14 differential inputs for measuring voltages up to ±5 V. Each differential input can be, independently, configured as two Single Ended inputs. Next to each differential channel, is an analog ground input. All analog grounds on all CR9050(E), CR9051E, CR9055(E), CR9060, CR9070, and CR9071E modules in a CR9000X chassis are common.

Diff. Channel H

Differential Channel 1 through 14

Diff. Channel L

Sensor

Sensor wired up as a Differential (DIF) input

Each differential analog input can, independently, be setup as 2 single-ended inputs.

S.E. Channel

Single Ended Channel 1 through 28

Sensor

Ground

Sensor wired up as a Single Ended (SE) input

All inputs on the CR9050(E), CR9051E, and CR9055(E) modules are multiplexed through the single 16 bit A/D on the CR9041 A/D module. The maximum aggregate throughput for all channels on all modules is 100,000 samples per second. Resolution on the most sensitive range is 1.6 μV.

OV-7

Overview

Full Scale Maximum Range Resolution Throughput ± 5000 mV 158 uV 100 KHz ± 1000 mV 32 uV 100 KHz ± 200 mV 6.3 uV 100 KHz ± 50 mV 1.6 uV 50 KHz

The CR9050(E) operational input voltage limits are ± 5 volts with reference to datalogger ground. Voltages exceeding ±9 V with reference to datalogger ground may cause errors on other channels. When the logger is powered off, the CR9050(E)'s input impedance drops drastically.

The CR9050(E) contains an on-board PRT, located at the top center of the module, which provides the reference temperature for thermocouple measurements. A heavy copper grounding bar and connectors combined with the aluminum case help to reduce temperature gradients for accurate thermocouple measurements. If the logger is in an environment that is experiencing rapid temperature fluctuations, it is recommended that the CR9000X be insulated to reduce the temperature gradient along the copper bar. This is true for all modules used to measure thermocouples.

CR9050 SUPPORTED MEASUREMENT INSTRUCTIONS:

Voltage

VoltDiff Differential Voltage VoltSe Single-Ended Voltage TCDiff Differential Thermocouple TCSE Single Ended Thermocouple

NOTE

Bridge measurements (also requires CR9060 Excitation Module)

BrFull Full Bridge BrFull6W 6 Wire Full Bridge BrHalf Half Bridge BrHalf3W 3 Wire Half Bridge BrHalf4W 4 Wire Half Bridge

Self measurements (reference PRT for thermocouple measurements)

ModuleTemp Module Temperature

See Section 3.1 Measurements using the CR9041 A/D for measurement details.

See Section 7 Measurement Instructions for Instruction details.

The CR9051E is recommended over the CR9050E for applications where fault voltages beyond ±9 V could come in contact with the inputs, or when the CR9000X could be powered off while still connected to sensors that have power applied to them.

OV-8

CR9051E Fault Protected 5 V Analog Input Module

Overview

FIGURE OV1-6. CR9051E with CR9050EC

The number of channels are the same as for the CR9050(E) Analog Input Module. This module includes an Easy Connect (CR9050EC) that can quickly be removed from the CR9000X chassis. The CR9050EC contains the PRT that is used to provide the reference temperature for thermocouple measurements.

Full Scale Maximum Range Resolution Throughput ± 5000 mV 158 uV 100 KHz ± 1000 mV 32 uV 100 KHz ± 200 mV 6.3 uV 50 KHz ± 50 mV 1.6 uV 50 KHz

Although the measurable voltage range with respect to data logger ground is ±5 V, the same as the CR9050, the CR9051E's input channels are faultprotected so as to permit over-voltages between +50 V and –40 V without corruption of measurements on other input channels.

Another difference from the CR9050(E) module is that the CR9051E's input channels become open switches when the CR9000X is powered off.

The CR9051E supports the same instruction set as the CR9050.

See Section 3.1 Measurements using the CR9041 A/D for measurement details.

See Section 7 Measurement Instructions for Instruction details.

OV-9

Overview

CR9052DC Anti-Alias Filter Module with DC Excitation

CR9052EC

CR9052DC MADE IN USA

FILTER MODULE CONNECTOR DC EXCITATION MADE IN USA

FIGURE OV1-7. CR9052DC with CR9052EC

The CR9052DC is a high-performance Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) spectrum analyzer and anti-alias Finite Impulse Response filter module. Each CR9052DC includes one CR9052EC. Additional CR9052ECs can be purchased separately. The CR9052DC typically remains in the CR9000(X) chassis while each CR9052EC remains connected to sensors. This allows one CR9000(X) system to be moved from location to location and be quickly connected to the sensors on-site.

NOTE

The module includes six anti-aliased, differential analog measurement channels, each channel having its own programmable gain amplifier, presampling analog filter, and 16 bit sigma-delta analog to digital converter. \

The Differential channels cannot be configured as two Single Ended inputs.

The CR9052DC can burst measurements to its on-board, 8-million sample buffer at 50,000 measurements per second per channel. Using the FFT spectrum analyzer mode, the module's DSP can provide real-time spectra from "seamless", anti-aliased, 50-kHz, 2048-point time-series snapshots for each of its six analog input channels. The decimated data can be downloaded to an appropriate PC card at an aggregate rate of 300,000 measurements per second.

It has differential input ranges from ±20 mV to ±5 V and operational input voltage limits of -5 to +15 VDC. Inputs outside of this range will return either erroneous measurements or NAN.

Inputs outside of the range of -40VDC to +50VDC can compromise the integrity of the measurements for all of the inputs on this and other modules in the CR9000X chassis, as well as possibly damaging the system and creating communication problems between the logger and PC.

Each input channel has both regulated constant voltage excitation (VEX) and regulated constant current excitation (IEX) channels. These can be used for ratiometric bridge measurements. The corresponding Current Return (IRTN) or Voltage Return (VRTN) must be used for the input of the ground side of

OV-10

Overview

the bridge. See figure OV1-8 for an example of how to wire up a full Wheatstone bridge using the VEX output and VRTN return channels.

EEEXXX

IN+

IN-

RTN

FIGURE OV1-8. Wiring a Wheatstone bridge

Channel Description

Regulated DC voltage output. Can be set to 5 VDC or 10 VDC

and can source up to 85 mA. Must use the V

input for the

RTN

voltage return.

Regulated 10 mA DC current output. Has a compliance voltage

of 12 Volts. Must use the I

High side of the differential voltage input for measurement.

IN+

Low side of the differential voltage input for measurement.

IN-

Return, or ground plane, for VEX

RTN

Return, or ground plane, for IEX

RTN

input for the voltage return.

RTN

System analog ground. Same reference ground as grounds on the CR9050 and CR9060. Used mainly for shield drain.

It should be noted that the raw value returned from the VoltFilt measurement is in millivolts. This is true even when measuring an electrical bridge that is excited using one of the excitation options supplied by the CR9052DC module. If it is desired to have a ratio-metric value returned (mVolts per Volt), the applicable multiplier will need to be applied.

For example, if 5 volts were used to excite the Wheatstone bridge depicted in Figure OV1-8, a multiplier of 0.2 (1/5) would need to be applied to have a ratio-metric value returned.

The CR9052DC supports Hanning, Hamming, Blackman, and Kaiser- Bessel windowing. Windowing may be shut off if desired. The CR9052DC can also implement A, B, or C spectral weighting for all spectral output modes as defined in the IEC 60651 international standard. It also supports 1/N

octave analysis (such as the 1.3 octave analysis) for acoustic applications.

CR9052DC SUPPORTED MEASUREMENT INSTRUCTIONSS:

VoltFilt Differential Filter Measurement FFTFilt Differential FFT Measurement

See Section 3.3 CR9052 Filter Module Measurements for measurement details.

See Section 7 Measurement Instructions for Instruction details.

OV-11

Overview

CR9052IEPE Anti-Alias Filter Module

CR9052IEPE

SHORT

OPEN

CH 1

SHORT

OPEN

CH 2

SHORT

OPEN

CH 3

SHORT

OPEN

CH 4

SHORT

OPEN

CH 5

SHORT

OPEN

CH 6

FIGURE OV1-9. CR9052IEPE

The The CR9052IEPE module allows direct connection of Internal Electronics Piezo-Electric (IEPE) accelerometers and microphones to CR9000X dataloggers. A CR9052IEPE has six channels. Each channel has a BNC connector, an open circuit indicator LED, and a short circuit indicator LED which can indicate if the channel is over-or under-driven. Each channel has a built-in constant current source, which is software programmable to 0, 2, 4, or 6 mA.

OPEN LED input Resistance code description:

Programmed Current Level 2 mA

4 mA 6mA

Red (Open): > 15 KOhm > 7.8 KOhm > 5.2 KOhm

Green(connected): < 15 KOhm < 7.7 KOhm < 5.2 KOhm

SHORT LED input Resistance code description:

Programmed Current Level 2 mA

4 mA 6mA

Red (Short): < 1 KOhm < 500 Ohm < 300 Ohm

Green(connected): > 1 KOhm > 500 Ohm > 300 Ohm

MADE IN USA

OV-12

The CR9052IEPE can burst measurements to its on-board, 8-million sample buffer at 50,000 measurements per second per channel. Using the FFT spectrum analyzer mode, the module's DSP can provide real-time spectra from "seamless", anti-aliased, 50-kHz, 2048-point time-series snapshots for each of its six analog input channels. The decimated data can be downloaded to an appropriate PC card at an aggregate rate of 300,000 measurements per second.

MEASUREMENTS:

VoltFilt Differential Filter Measurement FFTFilt Differential FFT Measurement

The CR9052IEPE module measurements have two programmable time constants available: 5 seconds and 0.5 seconds.

See Section 3.3 CR9052 Filter Module Measurements for measurement details.

See Section 7 Measurement Instructions for Instruction details.

CR9055(E) 50-Volt Analog Input Module

DIF

Overview

9055 50V ANALOG INPUT

MADE IN USA

FIGURE OV1-10. CR9055

The only difference between a CR9055 and a CR9055E is that the CR9055E is an "Easy Connect" module type, and includes a CR9055EC (See Figure OV1-

6). The CR9055E typically remains in the CR9000(X) chassis while each CR9055EC remains connected to the sensors. This allows one CR9000(X) system to be moved from location to location and be quickly connected to the sensors on-site.

The CR9055(E) 50-Volt Analog Input Module has 14 differential or 28 singleended inputs for measuring voltages up to ±50 V. Resolution on the most sensitive range is 16 μV. The CR9055 has an operational input voltage limit range of ±50 V.

Full Scale Maximum Range Resolution Throughput ± 50.0 V 1580 uV 50 KHz ± 10.0 V 320 uV 50 KHz ± 2.0 V 63 uV 25 KHz ± 0.5 V 16 uV 25 KHz

All inputs on the CR9050(E) and CR9051E modules are multiplexed through the single 16 bit A/D on the CR9041 A/D module. The maximum aggregate throughput for all channels on all modules is 100,000 samples per second. The higher range codes are simply accomplished through the use of a voltage divider network.

NOTE

CR9055(E) SUPPORTED MEASUREMENT INSTRUCTIONS:

VoltDiff Differential Voltage VoltSe Single-Ended Voltage TCDiff Differential Thermocouple TCSE Single Ended Thermocouple

Normally thermocouple measurements would be made on the CR9050 Analog Input Module (±5 Volt) because of its greater resolution, however they can be made with the CR9055(E) using the 0.5 V range if the ±50 V operational voltage range is necessary and a CR9058E Isolation module is not available. The 16 μV resolution corresponds to about 0.41 degrees C resolution for the measurement.

As the CR9055(E) does not have a PRT for measuring the reference temperature for the thermocouple measurement, either an adjacent CR9050 or CR9051E module's reference temperature can be used. If there are temperature gradients in the chassis, this will lead to additional measurement errors.

OV-13

Overview

CR9058E Isolation Module

CR9058EC

CR9058E 60V ISOLATED ANALOG INPUT MODULE W/RTD MADE IN USA

60V ISOLATED ANALOG INPUT CONNECTOR FOR CR9058E MADE IN USA

FIGURE OV1-9. CR9058E with CR9058EC

The CR9058E is a 10-channel, differential input isolation module. One CR9058EC Easy Connector Module is included with the CR9058E; additional CR9058ECs can be purchased as accessories. The CR9058E typically remains in the CR9000(X) chassis while the CR9058EC remains connected to sensors. This allows one CR9000(X) system to be moved from location to location and be quickly connected to the sensors on-site.

Next to each channel is an isolated ground. The CR9058E ten input channels cannot be configured as Single Ended inputs. Each channel has a 24-bit A/D converter which supplies input isolation for up to ±60 VDC continuous operational voltage conditions. Inputs with voltages greater than 469 VDC with respect to data logger ground can damage the logger. The full-scale ranges available are ±60 VDC, ±20 VDC, and ±2 VDC with a resolution to 2 μVolts. Due to its superb signal to noise ratio, and good resolution, an accurate thermocouple measurement can be made on the 2 Volt range code.

The measurement speed for the CR9058E is lower than the other CR9000X modules, but this is somewhat offset by the fact that all of the channels are sampled simultaneously:

Full Scale Maximum Maximum Range Resolution Throughput ± 60 V 300 uV 650 Hz ± 10 V 100 uV 650 Hz ± 2 V 10 uV 650 Hz

CR9058E SUPPORTED MEASUREMENT INTRUCTIONS:

ModuleTemp Module Temperature VoltDiff Differential Voltage VoltSe Single-Ended Voltage

See Section 3.2 CR9058E Isolation Module Measurements for measurement details.

See Section 7 Measurement Instructions for Instruction details.

OV-14

Overview

CR9060 Excitation Module

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 3 6 82457

9060 EXCITATION C.A.O. SWITCHED EXCITATION DIGITAL CONTROL OUTPUT

FIGURE OV1-11. CR9060

The CR9060 is the Excitation Module for the CR9000X Measurement and Control System. The CR9060 module has 6 Continuous Analog Outputs (CAO), 10 Switched Excitation, and 8 Control Ports.

: The CR9060 Excitation Module has six continuous analog outputs with

CAOs

individual digital-to-analog converters for PID Algorithm, waveform generation, and excitation for bridge measurements. The six CAOs can be controlled independently, or can be turned on simultaneously.

Switched Excitation

: The CR9060 also has ten switched excitation channels that provide precision voltages for bridge measurements. Only 1 switched excitation is active at a time, where all 6 of the CAOs can be turned on simultaneously. The advantage of using switched excitation is that it requires less power and it reduces, or eliminates, self-heating sensor errors, as the on time of the excitation is limited.

The ten switched and six continuous analogue output excitation channels can be set to any value within the range of ±5 VDC with a compliance current of 50 mA. Again, only one switched excitation can be on at a time.

Control Ports

: The CR9060 also has 8 built in control ports (output only). These can be set to TTL levels (0 Volts or 5 Volts). These ports can be used to activate external relays, or simply to toggle the state of LEDs for monitoring purposes. The output resistance of these ports is 100 ohms, so the current drive is rather limited.

MADE

IN USA

CR9060 Supported measurement Instructions

BrFull Requires CR9050(1) Full Bridge BrFull6W Requires CR9050(1) 6 Wire Full Bridge BrHalf Requires CR9050(1) Half Bridge BrHalf3W Requires CR9050(1) 3 Wire Half Bridge BrHalf4W Requires CR9050(1) 4 Wire Half Bridge

CR9060 Supported control Instructions

Excite Sets a CAO or Switched Excite Channel PortSet Sets the logic level of a Single Control Port WriteIO Sets the logic level of a group of Control Ports

See Section 3.1.5 Bridge Resistance Measurements for measurement details.

See Section 7 Measurement Instructions for Measurement Instruction details.

See Section 9.2 Data Logger Status/Control for Control Instruction details.

OV-15

Overview

CR9070 Counter - Timer / Digital I/O Module — Obsolete

1 2

45 78 9 10 12 13 15 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

3 6 11 14

9070 COUNTER & DIGITAL I O

Digital I/O

DIGITAL I/O

LOW LEVEL AC SWITCH CLOSURRE

FIGURE OV1-12. 9070

The CR9070 has been replaced by the CR9071E, which provides better overvoltage protection, increased channel-to-channel cross-talk isolation, interval (edge) timing with 40 nanosecond resolution, and a Wait Digital Trigger function.

The CR9070 Pulse Module has 16 Digital I/O channels and 12 Pulse channels with 16 bit accumulators. The CR9070 is used for Pulse measurements, as well as state monitoring and control.

CHANNEL DESCRIPTION

The CR9070 has 16 Digital I/O ports selectable, under program control, as

binary inputs or control outputs. These ports have multiple function capability including: edge timing, TTL signal period or frequency measurements, device driven interrupts, and, as shown in Figure OV1-13, state monitoring and control (i.e.: turning on/off devices and monitoring whether the device is On or Off). The Edge Timing resolution is limited to the logger's Scan Interval.

MADE IN USA

Digital I/O Ports Used to Control/Monitor Pump

C1 - Used as input to monitor pump status. C2 - Used as output to switch power to a pump via a solid state relay.

FIGURE OV1-13. Control and monitoring of a device using digital I/O

ports

OV-16

Overview

Pulse Counting

The CR9070 has 12 Pulse input channels with 16 bit counters. These channels count on the rising edge of the input signal and can be configured to output Counts or Signal Frequency. The maximum input voltage allowed on these

channels is interval (e.g., a PulseCount instruction in a 1 second scan has a frequency resolution of 1 Hz, a 0.5 second scan gives a resolution of 2 Hz, and a 1 ms scan gives a resolution of 1000 Hz). The resolution can be increased through using the running average parameter of the PulseCount instruction. The resultant measurement will bounce around by the resolution.

These twelve channels are further segmented based on the input signal's characteristics.

Channels 1-8:

± 20 volts. The resolution of the frequency measurement is 1/scan

The first 8 Pulse input channels can be configured as Low

Level AC inputs to count the frequency of low level AC signals from such sensors as a magnetic pickups. The minimum input voltage that can be counted is 20 mV RMS with a max frequency of 10 KHz. With input amplitudes greater than 50 mV RMS, up to 20 KHz signals can be read. The maximum allowable input voltage for this or the high frequency mode is 20 VDC.

Channels 1 through 8 can also be configured to measure "High Frequency" pulses, which are signals that have transitions from below 1.5 volts to above 3.5 volts. High Level Frequency input up to 5 MHz can be measured. If possible, it is preferable to place Low Level measurement inputs and high frequency measurement inputs on opposite ends of the module to eliminate the possible of crosstalk.

Channels 9-12:

CR9070 SUPPORTED MEASUREMENT/CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS:

PulseCount Count Pulses or Frequency ReadI/O Read State of I/O Channels TimerIO Interval and Timing Measurements WriteI/O Set State of I/O Channels

See Section 3.4 Pulse Count Measurements for measurement details.

See Section 7 Measurement Instructions for Measurement Instruction details.

See Section 9.2 Data Logger Status/ Control for Control Instruction details.

The last 4 Pulse channels (9-12) can be configured as Switch

Closure inputs. The dry contact switch should be connected between the Pulse port and ground. When the switch is open, the port is pulled to 5 volts through a 100 kohm pull up resistor. Maximum frequency : 100 Hz.

Channels 9 through 12 can also be configured to measure "High Frequency" pulses, which are signals that have transitions from below 1.5 volts to above 3.5 volts. High Level Frequency input up to 5 MHz can be measured.

OV-17

Overview

CR9071E Counter and Digital I/O Module

CR9071EC

CR9071E COUNTER MADE IN USA

COUNTER & DIGITAL I/O MADE IN USA

FIGURE OV1-13. CR9071E

The CR9071E is an "Easy Connect" module type, and includes a CR9071EC (See Figure OV1-6). The CR9071E typically remains in the CR9000(X) chassis while each CR9071EC remains connected to the sensors. This allows one CR9000(X) system to be moved from location to location and be quickly connected to the sensors on-site.

This module is the direct replacement module for the CR9070. It has improved resolution, channel isolation, over-voltage input protection, as well as new functionality.

The CR9071E Pulse Module has 16 Digital I/O channels and 12 Pulse channels with 32 bit accumulators. The CR9071 is used for Pulse measurements, as well as state monitoring and control.

Digital I/O

CHANNEL DESCRIPTION

The CR9071E has 16 Digital I/O ports selectable, under program control, as

Digital I/O Ports Used to Control/Monitor Pump

OV-18

C1 - Used as input to monitor pump status. C2 - Used as output to switch power to a pump via a solid state relay.

FIGURE OV1-13. Control and monitoring of a device using digital I/O

ports

Overview

Pulse Counting

The CR9071E has 12 Pulse input channels with 32 bit counters. These channels count on the falling edge of the input signal and can be configured to output in Counts or Signal Frequency. The maximum input voltage allowed on

these channels is 40 nanoseconds.

These twelve channels are further segmented based on the input signal's characteristics.

Channels 1-8:

± 20 volts. The resolution of the frequency measurement is

The first 8 Pulse input channels can be configured as Low

Level AC inputs to count the frequency of low level AC signals from such sensors as a magnetic pickups. The minimum input voltage that can be monitored is 25 mV RMS with a max frequency of 10 KHz. With input amplitudes greater than 50 mV RMS, up to 20 KHz signals can be read. The maximum allowable input voltage for this or the high frequency mode is 20 VDC.

Channels 9-12:

CR9071 SUPPORTED MEASUREMENT/CONTORL INSTRUCTIONS:

PulseCount Count Pulses or Frequency ReadI/O Read State of I/O Channels TimerIO Interval and Timing Measurements WaitDigTrig Trigger Measurement Scan WriteI/O Set State of I/O Channels

See Section 3.4 Pulse Count Measurements for measurement details.

See Section 7 Measurement Instructions for Measurement Instruction details.

See Section 9.2 Data Logger Status/ Control for Control Instruction details.

The last 4 Pulse channels (9-12) can be configured as Switch

OV-19

Overview

OV1.3 Communication Interfaces

The CR9000X's CPU module (CR9032) has built-in RS-232 and Ethernet ports, thus eliminating the need for expensive external communication interfaces.

Using the CR9000X's RS232 port, any terminal emulator program can be used to set up the CR9000X's IP address parameters. Hyper Terminal is an example of an available terminal emulator. The computer's RS232 port settings that should be used are listed below:

Bits per Second: 115,200 Data bits: 8 Parity: None Stop bits: 1 Flow control: Hardware

RTDAQ's Terminal Mode can also be used. Set the Comm window to your computer’s Comm port and set the baud rate to 115200. With a serial cable hooked between your PC's and CR9000X's RS-232 ports, press the test button to ensure that you have established communications. Close the Comm window and open RTDAQ's terminal emulator (Data Logger/Terminal Mode). Click in the Low Level I/O box. Press enter a few times until a CR9000> prompt is returned. Press C and enter. It may be required to do this recursively because of the short time out period. The IP port configuration options will be shown.

See Sections QS1.5 Setting Up Serial Communications and QS1.6 Setting Up IP Communications for information about setting up the IP Port.

OV2. Memory and Programming Concepts

OV2.1 Memory

The CR9032 CPU Module in the CR9000X base system has 128 MB SDRAM and 2 MB Flash EEPROM. The operating system, user program listing(s), and calibration files are stored in the flash EEPROM. 128 Kbytes of flash memory is allocated for program storage. When the CR9000X is powered up, the operating system, the compiled program, and any calibration files are uploaded into SDRAM.

The amount of available memory in flash for program storage may be viewed, using LoggerNet or RTDAQ, in the File Control window or in the Status Table. Amount of available memory for data tables on the CPU can be viewed in the Status Table. Additional data storage is available through the use of a PCMCIA memory card using the built-in card slot.

NOTE

It should be noted that the 128 MB SDRAM is volatile. If the logger experiences a power failure or a watchdog error, all data stored in SDRAM will be lost. CRITICAL DATA SHOULD

BE STORED ON THE PCMCIA CARD.

OV-20

See Section 2 Data Storage and Retrieval for more on Data Storage and Logger Memory.

OV2.2 Measurements, Processing, Data Storage

The CR9000X divides a program into two tasks. The measurement task manipulates the measurement and control hardware on a rigidly timed sequence. The processing task processes and stores the resulting measurements and makes the decisions to actuate controls.

The measurement task stores raw Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) data directly into memory. As soon as the data from a scan is in memory, the processing task starts. There are at least two Scan buffers allocated for this raw ADC data (additional buffers can be allocated under program control), thus the buffer from one scan can be processed while the measurement task is filling another.

When a program is compiled, the measurement tasks are separated from the processing tasks. When the program runs, the measurement tasks are performed at a precise rate, ensuring that the measurement timing is exact and invariant.

Processing Task: Measurement Task:

Digital I/O task

Read and writes to ports and counters on CR9071

(ReadIO, WriteIO, TimerIO)

Processes measurements

Determines controls (port states) to set next scan

Stores data

Analog measurement and excitation sequence and timing Sets ports on 9060 Excitation Module (SetPort) Sends interrupt to Processor task that reads and sets ports/counters.

Polls CR9052 and CR9058 for Data

Overview

OV2.3 Data Tables

The CR9000X can store individual measurements or it may use its extensive processing capabilities to calculate averages, maxima, minima, histograms, FFTs, etc., on periodic or conditional intervals. Data are stored in tables such as listed in Table OV2-1. The values to output are selected when running the program generator or when writing a datalogger program directly.

Table OV2-1. Typical Data Table

TOA4 StnName Temp TIMESTAMP RECORD RefTemp_Avg TC_Avg(1) TC_Avg(2) TC_Avg(3) TC_Avg(4) TC_Avg(5) TC_Avg(6) TS RN DegC DegC DegC degC degC degC degC Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg 2004-02-16 15:15:04.61 278822 31.08 24.23 25.12 26.8 24.14 24.47 23.76 2004-02-16 15:15:04.62 278823 31.07 24.23 25.13 26.82 24.15 24.45 23.8 2004-02-16 15:15:04.63 278824 31.07 24.2 25.09 26.8 24.11 24.45 23.75 2004-02-16 15:15:04.64 278825 31.07 24.21 25.1 26.77 24.13 24.39 23.76

See Section 2.4 Data Format on Computer for additional details on Logger Memory and Data Structure.

OV-21

Overview

OV3. Commonly Used Peripherals

DEPICTION DEVICE DESCRIPTION FUNCTION

SDM-AO4

SDM-CAN CANBus interface

SDM-CD16AC

SDM-CD16D

SDM-CVO4

SDM-INT8

SDM-SIO4

Four Channel Analog Out

16 Channel AC/DC Controller

16 Channel Digital Control Port Module

4 Channel Current or Voltage Output Module

8 Channel Timer Pulse Counter

4 Channel Serial Input/Output

Independent CAOs updated by the logger. Max current that can be sourced is 1 mA

CANBus data can be stored and synchronized with measurements made by the logger.

16 relays to control power to up to 16 external devices. Max. 5 A @ 30 Vdc, 0.3 A @ 110 Vdc, 5 A @ 125 Vac, or 5A @ 277 Vac.

16 Digital Outputs that can be set to 0 or 5 Volts Can source up to 100mA, allowing direct control of low voltage valves, relays, etc.

Independently program each channel to output: 0 to 10 Vdc (2.5 mV resolution) or 0 to 20 mA (5 micro-Amp resolution).

The INT8 calculates period, pulse width, frequency, counts, or time interval with a 1 microsec resolution. Maximum time interval of 16.7 seconds.

Four configurable serial RS232 ports that communicate with intelligent sensors, display boards, printers, satellite links, etc.

OV-22

SDM-SW8A

AM25T

AM16/32

GPS16-HVS

TIMS

8 Channel Switch Closure

25 Channel Multiplexer for Thermocouples

16 Bank (4 Wires) or 32 Bank (2 wires) Multiplexer

Geographical Position Reciever

Terminal Input Modules

8 Channel pulse count module that can calculate state, duty cycle, or counts. Maximum input frequency: 100 Hz

Solid state multiplexer, with a PRT, for measuring thermocouple outputs. Can also be used to multiplex voltages (cannot be used for currents).

Mechanical relay multiplexer that can be configured as 16 banks of 4 lines or as 32 banks of 2 lines. Commonly used for bridge measurements.

Consists of a receiver and an integrated antenna. Receives signals from GPS satellites for calculating positionand velocity.

Molded components that supply completion resistors for resistive bridge measurements, or, act as voltage dividers or current shunts.

OV4. Support Software

PC / Windows® compatible software products are available from Campbell Scientific to facilitate CR1000 programming, maintenance, data retrieval, and data presentation. PC200W and ShortCut are designed for novice integrators, but have features useful in some applications. PC400, RTDAQ, and LoggerNet integration, programming and networking applications. Support software for PDA and Linux applications are also available.

PC200W

PC200W utilizes an intuitive user interface to support direct serial communication to the CR9000X via COM / RS-232 ports. It sends programs, collects data, and facilitates monitoring of digital measurement and process values. PC200W is available at no charge from the Campbell Scientific web site.

ShortCut is included as the only means for Programming the Loggers. This package does not include the CRBasic Editor.

provide increasing levels of power required for advanced

Overview

PC400

RTDAQ

PC400 is a mid-level software suite. It includes CRBASIC Editor, EDLOG editor, ShortCut Program generator, point-to-point communications over several communications protocols, simple real-time digital and graphical monitors, and report generation. PC400 supports all contemporary dataloggers and many retired dataloggers (e.g., CR510, CR23X, CR10X).

PC400 does not support scheduled collection or multi-mode communication networks.

RTDAQ is targeted for industrial and other high-speed data acquisition applications. It includes real time windows for monitoring FFTs, Histograms, Rainflow Histograms, X/Y Plots, and dynamic plotting windows for fast updates. It includes Program Generators for the CR5000 and CR9000X data loggers for easy pick n click programming as well as the CRBasic editor for more complex programming .

RTDAQ supports all contemporary dataloggers but does not support Legacy loggers (e.g., 21X, CR7, CR510, CR23X, CR10X), nor does it support the CR9000 (it does support the CR9000X).

RTDAQ does not support scheduled collection or multi-mode communication networks.

OV-23

Overview

LoggerNetTM Suite

The LoggerNetTM suite utilizes a client-server architecture that facilitates a wide range of applications and enables tailoring software acquisition to specific requirements. Table OV4-1 lists features of LoggerNet that include the LoggerNet LoggerNet

products that require the LoggerNetTM server as an additional

server. Table OV4-2 lists features of

products

purchase.

TABLE OV4-1. LoggerNet

Products that Include the LoggerNetTM

Server

LoggerNetTM Datalogger management, programming, data

collection, scheduled data collection, network monitoring and troubleshooting, graphical data displays, automated tasks, data viewing and post-processing.

LoggerNetTM Admin All LoggerNetTM features plus network

security, manages the server from a remote PC, runs LoggerNet

as a service, exports data to third party applications, launches multiple instances of the same client, e.g., two or more functioning Connect windows.

LoggerNetTM Remote Allows management of an existing

LoggerNet remote location, without investing in another complete copy of LoggerNet

datalogger network from a

Admin.

LoggerNetTM-SDK Allows software developers to create custom

client applications that communicate through a LoggerNet supported by LoggerNet LoggerNet

server with any datalogger

. Requires

OV-24

LoggerNetTM Server – SDK Allows software developers to create custom

client applications that communicate through a LoggerNet supported by LoggerNet complete LoggerNet

server with any datalogger

. Includes the

Server DLL, which can be distributed with the custom client applications.

LoggerNetTM Linux Includes LoggerNetTM Server for use in a

Linux environments and LoggerNet

Remote for managing the server from a Windows environment.

Overview

Short Cut

TABLE OV4-2. LoggerNet

(these require, but do not include, the LoggerNet

Baler Handles data for third-party application feeds.

RTMCRT RTMC viewer only.

RTMC Web Server Converts RTMC graphics to HTML.

RTMC Pro Enhanced version of RTMC.

LoggerNetTMData Displays / Processes real-time and historical

data.

CSI OPC Server Feeds data into third-party OPC applications.

Short Cut utilizes an intuitive user interface to create CR9000X program code for common measurement applications. It presents lists from which sensors, engineering units, and data output formats are selected. It features “generic” measurement routines, enabling it to support many sensors from other manufacturers. Programs created by Short Cut are automatically well documented and produce examples of CRBASIC programming that can be used as source or reference code for more complex programs edited with CRBASIC Editor.

Clients

Server)

Short Cut is included with PC200W, Visual Weather, PC400, RTDAQ, and LoggerNet site.

and is available at no charge from the Campbell Scientific web

View Pro

View Pro lets you examine data files (*.DAT files) and display data, raw text, or tabular format, record by record. It can create graphs that display multiple traces of data. View Pro also supports the viewing of specialized data storage such as FFTs and histograms.

RTMC (Real-Time Monitoring and Control)

RTMC is used to create customized displays of realtime data, flags, and ports. It provides digital, tabular, graphical, and Boolean data display objects, as well as alarms. Sophisticated displays can be organized on multi-tabbed windows.

RTMC is bundled in RTDAQ, LoggerNet, LoggerNetData, and LoggerNet Admin software packages.

RTMC Pro

RTMC Pro is an enhanced version of the RTMC client. RTMC Pro provides additional capabilities and more flexibility, including multi-state alarms, email on alarm conditions, hyperlinks, and FTP file transfer.

OV-25

Overview

RTMCRT

RTMC Web Server

Software Development Kits (SDKs)

RTMCRT allows you to view and print multi-tab displays of real-time data. The displays are created in RTMC or RTMC Pro.

RTMC Web Server converts real-time data displays into HTML files, allowing the displays to be shared via an Internet browser. For security reasons, all interactive controls are disabled.

Campbell Scientific software development kits (SDKs) permit software developers to create custom applications that communicate with our dataloggers.

OV-26

OV5. Specifications

Overview

OV-27

Overview

CR9052DC & CR9052IEPE Specifications

OV-28

CR9052DC & CR9052IEPE Specifications (continued)

Overview

OV-29

Overview

OV-30

Section 1. Installation

1.1 Enclosure

The CR9000X is equipped with either the –L option laboratory case or the –F option fiberglass case. There is also the CR9000XC, which is a compact version that will only hold five I/O modules. The laboratory case can be used in a clean, dry, indoor environment or mounted in an enclosure. The fiberglass case provides a self-contained field enclosure. Campbell Scientific does not punch holes in the fiberglass case because it is our experience that most users like to customize the wire entry locations for their applications.

During the manufacturing of the fiberglass case, the base and lid are formed together to ensure a perfectly matched fit. A six-digit serial number is stamped into the extruded aluminum rims on both the base and lid. When more than one CR9000X is owned, care should be taken to avoid a mismatch which could prevent a gas-tight seal. (Note that there is a pressure release valve on the enclosure. If you have difficulty removing the lid, try pressing the release valve to equalize the pressure differential between the case and atmosphere.)

1.1.1 Connecting Sensors

The CR9000X input modules use screw terminals for connecting sensor wires (Figure 1.1-1). Terminals for individual wires provide the most flexibility for connection to the wide range of sensors the CR9000X is used to measure as well as allowing the simplest field repair of the wire termination (strip and twist or tin).

1.1.2 Quick Connectors

Some customers who use CR9000Xs for numerous tests requiring the same or similar sets of sensors have found it useful to pre-wire the CR9000X to a set of plug-in quick connectors that mate with those installed on their sensors. Most of the CR9000X's modules have quick connect options (EC option when ordering, i.e. CR9051EC)) for this type of applications. Customers can either use these or build their own bulkhead type connectors that can be installed either in the aluminum wiring panel cover or in the fiberglass case (Figure

1.1-2).

1-1

Section 1. Installation

Strip

0.5”

FIGURE 1.1-1. CR9000X input terminals

1-2

FIGURE 1.1-2. Bulkhead connectors installed in CR9000X cover

1.1.3 Junction Boxes

Individual sensor leads (and multiconductor cables) may be routed directly from the sensor locations to the CR9000X or routed to a junction box and then to the CR9000X. When sensors are spread out over a large area, a junction box provides a convenient method for changing sensors in one location quickly. Junction boxes can also provide more localized protection against instrumentation damage as a result of lightning induced high voltages. Junction boxes should be sealed adequately to limit air exchange and stocked with fresh desiccant (Section 1.3). When used for thermocouple lead wires junction boxes need to be insulated to reduce thermal gradients (Section 3.4).

Section 1. Installation

1.2 System Power Requirements and Options

The standard CR9000X is equipped with two sealed lead acid battery packs and charging circuitry for charging the batteries from a 9-18 volt DC input. The charging input can come from 120/240 VAC line power via the universal AC power adapter (included with CR9000X), vehicular 12 V power sources, solar panels, et cetera. When fully charged, the internal batteries of the CR9000X are capable of providing 13-14 Amp-hours, between 4 and 13 hours of operation in a typical application where the CR9000X is active continuously (not powering itself down).

1.2.1 Power Supply and Charging Circuitry

The CR9011 Power Supply Module has two CHARGE inputs, wired in parallel, for connecting a DC Power source: either the plug connector used with the AC adapter or the screw terminals. A DC source with voltage in the range of 9 to 18 VDC will charge the internal lead acid batteries and power CR9000X provided sufficient current is available and the system is setup to use 3 amps or less (see Table 1.2-2 Current required by CR9000X modules). If the CR9000X system configuration requires greater than 3 amps, consult a Campbell Scientific applications engineer for information on the CR9011 Power Supply High-Current modification. The voltage is automatically stepped up to an adequate voltage for charging. A temperature compensated charging regulator circuit regulates the charging voltage supplied to the lead acid batteries and the CR9000X. The charging circuitry operates with the ON/OFF switch in either position. The charging circuitry is NOT designed to charge a large external 12 V battery as it is current limited to 2 amps.

Power for running the CR9000X and charging the internal batteries from AC line power can be provided via the CR9000X's universal AC adapter through the power input connector located on the 9011 Power Supply Module. The universal adapter converts 100–240 VAC 50–60 Hz to 17.5 VDC.

On the left end of the Power Supply Module there are two LEDs: Power and Charge. The charge LED is lit when there is sufficient power connected to charge the batteries. Power to the CR9000X is controlled by the ON/OFF toggle switch. The power LED is lit when the CR9000X is on. It goes off when the switch is in the off position, when the CR9000X is powered off under program control (PowerOff instruction), or when there is insufficient voltage to run the system.

The lead acid battery packs are located at each end of the CR9000X (Figure

1.2-1).

CR9000

FIGURE 1.2-1. CR9000X battery pack

1-3

Section 1. Installation

TABLE 1.2-1. CR9000X Battery and Charging Circuitry Specifications

CR9000X WITH STANDARD BATTERIES (4):

Battery life, no supplemental charge Voltage at full discharge 10.5 volts Recharge time (AC Adapter input) 5 hours from 50% discharge.

Individual Batteries

Type Yuasa NP7-6 Nominal Voltage 6 Volts Nominal Capacity 20 hr rate of 350 mA to 5.25 V, 7 Ahr 10 hr rate of 650 mA to 5.25 V, 6.5 Ahr Operating Temperature range: Charge –15 to 50 ºC Discharge –20 to 60 ºC Shelf Life @ 20 ºC: 1 month 97% 3 months 91% 6 months 85% Life Expectancy: Standby 3 to 5 years Cycle use 100% depth of discharge 250 cycles 50% depth of discharge 550 cycles 30% depth of discharge 1200 cycles Number of batteries 4

CHARGING CIRCUIT

Type Controlled voltage with temperature

Charging Current limited to 2 Amps max

POWER SUPPLY TRANSFORMER

Input Voltage 100-240 VAC,

Input Current 1.4 A maximum Output Voltage 17.5 VDC Output Current 3.5 A maximum

13 hours to 10.5 V (assuming 1A current)

9 hours from 100% discharge

compensated voltage regulation

50-60 Hz

1-4

NOTE

At typical CR9000X current demand, the batteries are 100% discharged at a system battery voltage of 10.5 V. Discharging the batteries below this voltage damages the cells. As can be seen from the above table, battery life expectancy decreases with depth of discharge.

CSI'S WARRANTY DOES NOT COVER BATTERIES.

Avoid deep discharge states by measuring and monitoring the battery voltage (BattVolt instruction) as part of the collected data and periodically checking the voltage record to be sure the batteries and charging system are working correctly.

Section 1. Installation

All external charging devices must be disconnected from the CR9000X in order to measure the true voltage level of the internal batteries.

This CR9000X current drain depends on the number and type of modules installed, the sensors excited, and the scan interval and measurements made. The current drain of a specific CR9000X can be approximated from the information provided in Table 1.2-2.

TABLE 1.2-2. Current required (at 12 VDC Input) by CR9000X modules

Model No. Module Quiescent

Current

CR9032 CR9041 CR9011 CR9050(E) CR9051E CR9052DC

CR9052IEPE Integrated Electronics

CR9055 50–Volt Analog Input

CR9058E 60 V Isolation Module 5 mA 360 mA CR9060 Excitation Module 108 mA 125 mA +1.5 (excitation

CR9070 Counter–Timer

CR9071E Counter–Timer

As an example, the current drain of a CR9000X System containing the base system (CPU Module, A/D Module, and Power Supply Module: 410 mA / 485 mA) one CR9060 Excitation Module (108 mA / 125 mA, this does not include the current required for exciting the sensors), two CR9070 Counter/Timer Modules (0 mA / 30 mA), and four CR9050 Analog Input Modules (0 mA / 60 mA) is about 518 mA between measurement scans and 700 mA during measurement. If it was active measuring close to 100 percent of the time, fully charged internal batteries (14 A-hr) would be depleted to a full SAFE discharge level (10.5 V) in about 20 hours. If the CR9000X system configuration requires greater than 3 amps, consult a Campbell Scientific applications engineer for information on the CR9011 Power Supply HighCurrent modification.

CPU Module A/D Module Power Supply Module Analog Input Module 0 mA 15 mA

DC Filtered Analog Input Module

Piezo-Electric (IEPE) Filtered Analog Input Module

Module

410 mA 485 mA

5 mA if not

programmed

5 mA if not

programmed

0 mA 15 mA

0 mA 80 mA

25 mA 35 mA

Current During

Measurement

500 mA + 1.5 (sum of excitation currents on

channels) 6 Channels Programmed Excite off: 760 mA Excite 2 mA: 840 mA Excite 4 mA: 920 mA Excite 6 mA: 1000 mA

currents on channels)

1.2.2 Connecting to Vehicle Power Supply

A vehicle 12 Volt electrical system can be connected directly to the charge input on the Power Supply Module. The Power Supply Module will step the voltage from the vehicle up or down to the proper voltage for charging the

1-5

Section 1. Installation

1.2.3 Solar Panels

1.2.4 External Battery Connection

CR9000X batteries. The input is diode protected so the CR9000X batteries will not leak power to the vehicle if the vehicle's battery is low.

Because the charge input supplies power to charge the CR9000X batteries (up to two amps when discharged) as well as power for the CR9000X, the current drawn from the vehicle could be in excess of three amps.

In a remote installation, large solar panels, in conjunction with large external batteries and an external regulator/charging circuit, may be used to power the CR9000X. It may be required to periodically power down the logger to give the batteries time to recharge. Contact a Campbell Scientific application engineer for help in configuring a solar powered CR9000X installation.

An external battery may be used in place of the internal lead acid batteries of the CR9000X. The external battery is connected using a special cable (connector P/N 8879) that is plugged into the CR9000X in place of a standard battery pack (Figure 1.2-2). It should be noted that the charging circuitry for the batteries is current limited to 2 amperes.

CAUTION

Reverse polarity protection is NOT provided on these terminals and CR9000X damage will occur if external power is connected with reverse polarity.

CSI recommends using 16 AWG lead wires or larger when connecting an external battery to the CR9000X.

1-6

FIGURE 1.2-2 Connector for external battery

1.2.5 Safety Precautions

There are inherent hazards associated with the use of sealed lead acid batteries. Under normal operation, lead acid batteries generate a small amount of hydrogen gas. This gaseous by-product is generally insignificant because the hydrogen dissipates naturally before buildup to an explosive level (4%) occurs. However, if the batteries are shorted or overcharging takes place, hydrogen gas may be generated at a rate sufficient to create a hazard. Because the potential for excessive hydrogen buildup does exist, CSI makes the following recommendations:

1. A CR9000X equipped with standard lead acid batteries should NEVER be used in environments requiring INTRINSICALLY SAFE EQUIPMENT.

2. When attaching an external battery to the CR9000X, insulate the bare lead ends to protect against accidental shorting while routing the power leads.

3. When the CR9000X is to be located in a gas-tight enclosure or used in a

gas-tight mode with the standard ENVIRONMENTALLY SEALED FIBERGLASS CASE, the internal lead acid batteries SHOULD BE REMOVED and an external battery substituted.

Section 1. Installation

1.3 Humidity Effects and Control

The CR9000X system is designed to operate reliably under environmental conditions where the relative humidity inside its enclosure does not exceed 90% (noncondensing). Condensing humidity may result in damage to IC chips, microprocessor failure and/or measurement inaccuracies due to condensation on the various PC board runners. Effective humidity control is the responsibility of the user and is particularly important in environments where the CR9000X is exposed to salty air.

Two humidity control methods are:

1. the use of desiccant

2. nitrogen purging

1.3.1 Desiccant

As a minimal precaution, the packets of HUMI-SORB desiccant shipped with the CR9000X should be placed inside the case. These packets should be routinely replaced. Obviously, the desiccant requires more frequent attention in environments where the relative humidity is high.

1.3.2 Nitrogen Purging

Several CSI customers have had success in preventing humidity-related equipment malfunctions in harsh environments by allowing nitrogen gas to slowly bleed into the datalogger enclosure. The sensor leads, power cables, etc. are routed to the terminal blocks of the datalogger through simple, inexpensive conduit elbows which are left unplugged. A nitrogen bottle is then left at the field site with its regulator valve slightly open so that nitrogen is allowed to escape slowly through a rubber tube which is routed along with the sensor leads through the conduit elbows into the CR9000X enclosure.

1-7

Section 1. Installation

Equipment required for this method of humidity control generally can be obtained from any local welding supply shop and includes a nitrogen bottle, regulator with tube adapter (content gauge, optional), hose clamp and a suitable length of small diameter rubber tubing. Nitrogen bottles are available in various sizes and capacities. The size of the nitrogen bottle used depends on the transport facilities available to and from the field site and on the time interval between visiting the site. Where practical, larger nitrogen bottles should be used to reduce cost and refilling frequency.

1.4 Recommended Grounding Practices

1.4.1 Protection from Lightning

Primary lightning strikes are those where the lightning hits the datalogger or sensors. Secondary strikes occur when the lightning strikes somewhere near the lead in wires and induces a voltage in the wires. All input and output connections in the I/O module are protected using spark gaps. This transient protection is useless if there is not a good connection between the CR9000X and earth ground.

All dataloggers in use in the field should be grounded. A 12 AWG or larger wire should be run from the grounding terminal on the right side of the I/O module case to a grounding rod driven far enough into the soil to provide a good earth ground.

A modem/phone line connection to the CR9000X provides another pathway for transients to enter and damage the datalogger. The phone lines should have proper spark gap protection at or just before the modem at the CR9000X. The phone line spark gaps should also have a solid connection to earth ground.

1.4.2 Operational Input Voltage Limits: Effect on Measurements

A difference in ground potential between a sensor or signal conditioner and the CR9000X can offset the measurement. A differential voltage measurement gets rid of offset caused by a difference in ground potential. However, in order to make a differential measurement, the inputs must be within the CR9000X's operational input voltage range of ±5V (+15/-5 for the CR9052E module, ±50V for the 9055 module, or ±60V for the CR9058E module).

The operational input voltage limit is the voltage range, relative to CR9000X ground, within which both inputs of a differential measurement must lie, in order for the differential measurement to be made. For example, if the high side of a differential input is at 4 V and the low side is at 3.1 V relative to CR9000X ground, there is no problem, a measurement made on the ± 1000 mV range would indicate a signal of 1 V. However, if the high input is at 5.8 V and the low input is at 4.8 V, the measurement cannot be made because the high input is outside of the CR9000X operational voltage range.

See Section 3.1.2 Single Ended and Differential Voltage Measurements for more material about Input Limits and Common Mode voltage.

1-8

Section 1. Installation

Sensors that have a floating output or are not referenced to ground through a separate connection may need to have one side of the differential input connected to ground to ensure the signal remains within the operational voltage range.

Problems with exceeding the operational input voltage range may be encountered when the CR9000X is used to read the output of external signal conditioning circuitry if a good ground connection does not exist between the external circuitry and the CR9000X. When operating where AC power is available, it is not always safe to assume that a good ground connection exists through the AC wiring. If a CR9000X is used to measure the output from a laboratory instrument (both plugged into AC power and referencing ground to outlet ground), it is best to run a ground wire between the CR9000X and the external circuitry. Even with this ground connection, the ground potential of the two instruments may not be at exactly the same level, which is why a differential measurement is desired.

1.5 Use of Digital Control Ports for Switching Relays

The digital control outputs on the CR9060 Excitation Module and the I/O channels on the CR9070/CR9071E Counter Timer Module may be used to actuate controls, but because of current supply limitations, the output ports are not used directly to drive a relay coil. Relay driver circuitry is used to switch current from another source to actually power the relay. These relays may be used for activating an external power source to run a fan motor or for altering an external circuit as a means of multiplexing signal lines, etc. CSI's Model A21REL-12 and A6 REL12 are Relay Controllers using a 12 VDC source for switching the relays. Solid state relays that may be controlled with a 0-5 V logic signal are also available for switching AC or DC power.

Figure 1.5-1 is a schematic representation of a typical external coil driven relay configuration which may be used in conjunction with one of the CR9000Xs digital control output ports. The example shows a DC fan motor and 12 V battery in the circuit. This particular configuration has a coil current limitation of 75 mA because of the NPN Medium Power Transistors used (Part No. 2N2222).

FIGURE 1.5-1. Typical connection for activating/powering external

devices, using a digital control output port and relay driver

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Section 1. Installation

1-10

Section 2. Data Storage and Retrieval

The CR9000X can store individual measurements or it may use its extensive processing capabilities to calculate averages, maxima, minima, histograms, FFTs, etc., on periodic or conditional intervals. Data are stored in tables. For simplicity, RTDAQ's Program Generator allows a maximum of eight data tables (up to 30 Tables can be created using the CRBasic editor). The number of tables and the parameters to store in each table are selected when running the program generator (Overview) or when writing a datalogger program directly (Sections 4 – 9).

2.1 Memory/Data Storage in CR9000X

2.1.1 Internal Flash Memory

The 2 Mbytes of Internal Flash Memory is reserved for the CR9000X's operating system, user created programs, and sensor calibration factor files. 128 Kbytes of the Flash Memory are explicitly reserved for the Program Files and the sensor calibration files. Sensor calibration files can be created using the CalFile or FieldCal instructions. These files can be accessed using RTDAQ's or LoggerNet's File Control window.

2.1.2 Internal Synchronous DRAM

The CR9032 has 128 MB of Internal SDRAM. This is volatile memory and should normally only be used as a buffer area for Data Tables being written to the PC card. Data in SDRAM are lost if the CR9000X is powered down due to power loss, by switching off the power switch, or with the PowerOff instruction. In the CRBASIC program, the DataTable instruction sets the memory allocation in the CPU for the data table/buffer area. The maximum number of data tables that can be accessed by the datalogger is

30.

2.1.3 PCMCIA PC Card

The CR9000X's CR9032 CPU Module has a built-in PC card slot allowing the expansion of the CR9000X’s memory capacity using Type I, II, or III PCMCIA Cards. SRAM, ATA Flash, and ATA hard disk cards, up to 2 GB in size, are supported. Compact Flash cards can be used via a Compact Flash Adapter (contact Campbell Scientific). It should be noted that ATA hard disks cards cannot withstand the environmental temperature range of the CR9000X’s specifications. The Cards normally should be formatted using a FAT32 format. If possible, it is better to format the cards using the CR9000X (File Control window).

See Appendix C: PC/CF Card Information for information on recommended cards.

Data Tables can be stored to a PC card by including the CardOut instruction within the Data table declaration. When using a PCMCIA card, the DataTable instruction's Size parameter sets the size of the buffer area

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Section 2. Data Storage and Retrieval

located in the CPU DRAM and the CardOut instruction's size parameter sets the actual memory allocated for the Data Table on the PC Card.

See the CardOut topic in Section 6.3 Export Data Instructions for additional material on the CardOut instruction.

When a card is removed for data retrieval, new data will still be buffered to the CPU's DRAM, up to the number of records specified by the DataTable instruction's "Size" parameter. When the same card is reinserted the buffered records that were not previously written to a card will be written to the Data Table file located on the card. If a newly formatted card is inserted, the Data Table structure will be created, and the buffered records that have not previously been written to a Card will be written to the Card.

See Section 2.3.3 Logger Files Retrieval for additional material on data retrieval using a PC card.

Using RTDAQ or LoggerNet, data stored on cards can be retrieved through one of your computer's communication ports tied to the CR9000X, or by removing the card and inserting it in a PC card slot in a computer. Proper procedure should be followed when removing the PC card to insure that the buffered data is flushed to the card and the card is not being accessed when the card is removed.

If the proper steps are not taken when removing the card, the card could be corrupted resulting in data loss.

See Section 2.3.4.1: Removing PC Card from CR9000X.

The Data Tables are stored on the card in a TOB3 binary format. CSI's ViewPro and Split utilities support this format. For all other uses, the data will need to be converted using CSI's Card Convert utility or the Collect Data window. Converting the data directly from the PC Card, using the computer's PC card slot, is usually much faster than retrieving it through CR9000X using RTDAQ's Collect Data window.

See Section 2.3.5 Converting File Format.

2.2 Internal Data Format

Data are stored internally in a binary format. Variables and calculations are performed internally in IEEE 4 byte floating point or in 32 bit Long Format with some operations calculated in double precision. Variables can be declared using one of four formats. In addition, there are eight data types (FP2, IEEE4 (float), Long (ULong), UINT2, Bool4 (Boolean), Bool8, NSEC, and String) used to store data. The output data format is selected in the instruction that outputs the data. The four byte integer format (LONG) is used by the CR9000X for storing time (two 4 byte integers) and record number. Within the CR9000X, time is stored as integer seconds and nanoseconds into the second since midnight, the start of 1990.

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See Table 4.2.4-1 Data Types in Section 4.2.4 Declarations.

2.2.1 NAN and ±INF

NAN (not-a-number) and ±INF (infinite) are data words indicating an anomaly has occurred in datalogger function or processing. NAN is a constant that can be used in expressions such as shown in Example 2.2-1.

If WindDir = NAN Then WDFlag = True Else WDFlag=False EndIf

EXAMPLE 2.2-1. Using NAN in an Expressions

NAN can also be used in the disable parameter in output processing instructions. For example, using the following syntax, any NANs would not be included in the average compilation.

Average(1,Source,FP2,Source=NAN).

2.2.1.1 Analog Measurements and NAN

Section 2. Data Storage and Retrieval

NAN indicates that an operation or instruction failed to return a valid result.

When NAN results from analog voltage measurements, it indicates an voltage over-range error wherein the input voltage exceeds the programmed input range.

If an analog channel is open (inputs not connected but “floating” or broken), the inputs can remain floating near the voltage that they were last connected to or they can gradually build up a static charge. This can result in a measurement result of NAN or a measurement reading that looks good, but is erroneous. In addition, sensors that have a floating output (output is not referenced to a ground, such as a thermocouple) can float out of range of the logger's operational voltage limits resulting in a measurement result of NAN.

See Section 3.1.2.2 Differential Voltage Range for information on using the C option on range codes to null the static charge.

To make a differential measurement, voltage inputs must be within the CR9000X operational input voltage limits of ±5 V. If either the high side or the low side of a differential measurement is outside of this range, either a NAN or an erroneous value can be returned by the measurement.

See Section 3.1.2.2 Differential Voltage Range for information on the R option used on Range Codes to insure that NAN is returned rather than an erroneous result.

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Section 2. Data Storage and Retrieval

2.2.1.2 Floating Point Math, NAN, and ±INF

Table 2.2-1 lists math expressions, their CRBASIC form, and IEEE floating point math result loaded into variables declared as FLOAT or

STRING.

TABLE 2.2-1. Math Expressions and CRBASIC Results

Expression CRBASIC Expression Result

0 / 0 0 / 0 NAN

∞-∞

(-1)∞

0 * (-∞)

±∞/±∞

1∞

0 *∞

x / 0 1 / 0 INF

x / -0 1 / -0 INF

-x / 0 -1 / 0 -INF

-x / -0 -1 / -0 -INF

∞

0∞

00 0 ^ 0 1

(1 / 0) - (1 / 0) NAN

-1 ^ (1 / 0) NAN

0 * (-1 * (1 / 0)) NAN

(1 / 0) / (1 / 0) NAN

1 ^ (1 / 0) NAN

0 * (1 / 0) NAN

(1 / 0) ^ 0 INF

0 ^ (1 / 0) 0

NAN and ±INF are presented differently depending on the declared variable data type. Further, they are recorded differently depending on the final storage data type chosen compounded with the declared variable data type used as the source.

For example, INF in a variable declared as LONG is represented by the integer -2147483648. When that variable is used as the source, the final storage word when sampled as UINT2 is stored as 0. See Table 2.2-2 below.

TABLE 2.2-2. Variable and Final Storage Data Types with NAN and ±INF

Variable Test Variable's Final Storage Data Type & associated stored value

Type Expression Value FP2 IEEE4 UINT2 STRING BOOL LONG

As FLOAT

As LONG

BOOLEAN 0 / 0 TRUE -1 -1 65535 -1 TRUE -1

As STRING

1 / 0 INF INF INF 65535 +INF TRUE 2,147,483,647 0 / 0 NAN NAN NAN 0 NAN TRUE -2,147,483,648 1 / 0 2,147,483,647 7999 2.147484E+09 65535 2147483647 TRUE 2,147,483,647 0 / 0 -2,147,483,648 -7999 -2.147484E+09 0 -2147483648 TRUE -2,147,483,648 1 / 0 TRUE -1 -1 65535 -1 TRUE -1 As

1 / 0 +INF INF INF 65535 +INF TRUE 2,147,483,647 0 / 0 NAN NAN NAN 0 NAN TRUE -2,147,483,648

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2.3 Data Collection

Data can be transferred into a computer using either RTDAQ or LoggerNet via a communications link or by transferring a PC card from the CR9000X to the computer. There are four ways to collect data using the RTDAQ software:

1. The Collect menu is used to collect any or all stored data Tables and is used for most archival purposes.

2. In RTDAQ’s Table Monitor RealTime window there is a "Save To File" check box. Data stored in Logger memory for the selected table are also stored to a file on the PC while the "Save To File" box is checked.

3. File Control under the Datalogger menu has the option of retrieving a file from a PC card. This can be used to retrieve a data file in the raw TOB3 binary format.

4. When the CR9000X is used without a computer in the field, or large data files are collected on a PC card, the PC card can be transported to the computer with the data on it.

The format of the data files on the PC card is different than the data file formats created by RTDAQ when the Collect or Save to file options are used. Data files retrieved from the Logger Files screen or read directly from the PC card generally need to be converted into another format to be used.

Section 2. Data Storage and Retrieval

See Section 2.3.5 Converting File Format for information on the Convert Utility.

2.3.1 The Collect Menu

When the Collect Data tab is selected, RTDAQ displays the Collect Data dialog box (Figure 2.3-1).

FIGURE 2.3-1. Collect Data dialog box

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Section 2. Data Storage and Retrieval

2.3.1.1 Collect Mode

The Collect Mode allows the user to select what data records to collect. The most common Collect Modes are to collect All the Data and/or Data Since Last collection. The other options require more knowledge of the data set that is being stored.

All the Data –

Data Since Last Collection –

Data from Selected Data and Time –

Collects the entire table stored in the CR9000X. RTDAQ gets the current record number from the table in the CR9000X and then retrieves the oldest record in the table up to the current record number.

Select this option to only collect new data that was recorded since the last time that data was collected from this Table using this RTDAQ Station. RTDAQ has tracking pointers that stores the last record number collected, and will collect, starting from the next sequential record, up to the current record.

Allows you to specify a time frame for data collection. When this option is selected, the Starting Date/Time and Ending Date/Time fields will be enabled.

2.3.1.2 File Mode

Newest Number of Records –

If a specific number of the most recent records is desired, select this option and enter the number of most recent records desired to retrieve into the Number of Records box.

Specific Records –

Select this option if a number of records, starting with a specified record number, is desired. Enter the Starting Record number and the Number of Records to collect.

The File Mode options allow the user to select how he wants to manage the file in which the data is collected to.

Create New File –

Leaves any existing files intact and creates a new file whose default filename will include the date and time of file creation. (The new filename will be the specified filename with _yyyy_mm_dd_hh_mm_ss appended to the end. For example, a file created on Jan 27, 2007 at 4:04:15 PM with a specified filename of CR1000_FFT.dat will be created as CR10000_FFT_2007_01_27_16_04_15.dat.)

Append to End of File –

Adds new data to the end of the existing data file. If the header of the existing data file does not match the collected data (for example, a field has been added to the table) or if a different file format is specified, the existing data file will be backed up to filename.backup. Only the currently collected data will be

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2.3.1.3 File Format

Section 2. Data Storage and Retrieval

contained in the specified filename. If no file with the specified filename exists, a new file will be created.

OverWrite Existing File –

Overwrites the existing file with a new file, keeping the same nomenclature. The data in the original file will be irrevocably lost.

If no file with the specified filename exists, a new file will be created.

The File Format options allow the user to choose whether to store the data in a binary format in a ASII format.

ASCII Table Data (TOA5) –

Data is stored in a comma separated format. Header information for each of the columns is included, along with field names and units of measure if they are available.

See Section 2.4.2: TOA5 ASCII File Format.

Binary Table Data (TOB1) –

Data is stored in a binary format. Though this format saves disk storage space, it must be converted before it is usable in most other programs.

See Section 2.4.3 TOB1 Binary File Format.

2.3.2 Table Monitor Window Save to File

In RTDAQ’s Table Monitor RealTime window there is a "Save To File" check box. Data stored to the Data Table in Logger memory while the box is checked are also stored to a file on the PC. If communications cannot keep up with the measurement rate, there will be holes (missing data) in the data files.

This feature is provided to allow the user to start and stop collecting data for some event without leaving the real-time window. Check this box to write the current table to a file in the computer. Writing begins with the current record and continues until the "Save To File" box is unchecked or until the window is closed. The default path for the file created with this option is C:\CampbellSci\RTDAQ\"Station Name"\"DataTable".dat, where "Station Name" is the name for the station in RTDAQ's tree listing of stations, and "TableName" is the name of the data table being monitored.

2.3.3 File Control Files Retrieval

The File Control window under RTDAQ's DataLogger menu allows the user to check the programs stored in CPU Flash memory and the files stored on the PCMCIA cards. Any of the files shown in logger files can be copied to the computer by highlighting the file and pressing the retrieve button. Data files in the CR9000X CPU's memory are not shown.

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Section 2. Data Storage and Retrieval

FIGURE 2.3-2. Logger Files dialog box

To retrieve a Data File from the PC Card, first highlight "CRD" under the Device column. Select the File that you wish to retrieve and click on the "Retrieve" button. The retrieved data file is stored on the computer in the same form that it was stored on the PC card (TOB3). This format generally needs to be converted to another format for analysis. Note that this is the raw file format, and the complete amount of memory allocated for that file will be retrieved (whether it has had data written to it or not).

2.3.4 Logger Files Retrieval Via PCMCIA PC Card

When the CR9000X is used without a computer in the field, or large data files are collected on a PC card, the PC card can be transported to the computer with the data on it. Data stored on the card is in the TOB3 binary format, and will need to be converted to another format for most uses.

See Section 2.3.5 Converting File Format.

2.3.4.1 Removing PC Card from CR9000X

The CR9032 contains one slot for a Type I/II/III PCMCIA card. The LED indicates the status of the card.

• Not lit: no card detected or formatted card present without errors.

• red: accessing the card.

• yellow: card not present and program has a CardOut instruction or

card is present but corrupt.

• green: can safely remove card.

To remove a card, press the Control button next to the status LED to power down the card. The LED will turn green for 10 seconds. Remove the card while the LED is green. The card will be reactivated if not removed.

CAUTION

Removing a card while it is active can cause garbled data and can actually damage or corrupt the card. Do not switch off the power (9011 Module) while the cards are present and active.

2-8

When the PC card is inserted in a computer, the data files can be copied to another drive or used directly from the PC card just as one would from any

other disk. In most cases, however, it will be necessary to convert the file format before using the data.

It is usually better to format the card, after the data has been retrieved from it, prior to inserting it back into the logger. This will insure that memory is available on the Card for the program to create the File structure for its requisite Data Tables.

2.3.5 Converting File Format

The CR9000X stores data on its CPU and on PC cards in a TOB3 Format. TOB3 is a binary format that incorporates features to improve reliability of

the data storage. TOB3 allows the accurate determination of each record’s time without the space required for individual time stamps.

This raw TOB3 format is the only format that includes any FileMarks that have been written to the Tables. When converting the data table, it can be separated out into multiple data files based on the location of these file marks. If is desire to utilize FileMarks, it must be done using the raw TOB3 file, either using a file from the Card, or a file that has been retrieved using the File Control window.

Section 2. Data Storage and Retrieval

See the FileMark topic in Section 9.1, Program Structure/Control.

FIGURE 2.3-3. File Conversion dialog box

RTDAQ’s file converter will convert TOB1 binary files to ASCII, array compatible CSV, or CSIXML files. It can convert TOB3 binary files to all of these plus to the TOB1 file format.

The Convert Data Files utility is under RTDAQ's Tools menu. Data can be converted with or without Time Stamps and/or Record Numbers.

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Section 2. Data Storage and Retrieval

2.4 Data Format on Computer

The format of the converted file stored on computer can be either ASCII or Binary depending on the file type selected in the Convert/Collect data dialog box. Files collected using the Save to File feature in the Table Monitor window are always stored in ASCII format.

The file formats are described below:

ASCII, TOA5 -

Data is stored in a comma separated format. Header information for each of the columns is included, along with field names and units of measure if they are available.

Binary, TOB1 or TOB3 -

Data is stored in a binary format. Though this format saves disk storage space, it must be converted before it is usable in most programs.

Array Compatible CSV -

Data is stored in a user-defined comma separated format. This option can be used to produce output files that are similar to those created by mixed array dataloggers.

CSI XML -

Data is stored in XML format with Campbell Scientific defined elements and attributes.

2.4.1 Data File Header Information

Every data file stored on disk has an ASCII header at the beginning. The header gives information on the file format, datalogger type, and the program used to collect the data. Figure 2.4.1 is a sample header where the text in the header is a generic name for the information contained in the header. The entries are described following the figure.

LINE 1:

LINE 2: "TIMESTAMP","RECORD","Field Name","Field Name","Field Name" LINE 3: "TS","RN","Field Units","Field Units","Field Units" LINE 4: "","","Processing Type","Processing Type","Processing Type " LINE 5: "Data Type","Data Type","Data Type","Data Type","Data Type" LINE 6: timestamp,record number,field data,field data,field data,

LINE 1 "File Format"

"File Format","Station Name","Logger Model","CPU Serial No.","OS

Version","Program File","Program File Signature ","Table Name"

FIGURE 2.4-1. Header information

The format of the file on disk. TOA5 is an ASCII format. TOB1 AND TOB3 are Binary formats.

"Station Name" The station name stored in logger memory.

"Logger Model"

The datalogger model that the data was collected from.

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Section 2. Data Storage and Retrieval

"CPU Serial Number" The serial number of the logger that the data was collected from. This is the serial number of the CR9000X's CPU.

"Operating System Version" The operating system version used in the logger.

"Program File" The name of the program file that was running when the data were created.

"Program File Signature" The signature of the program file that created the data.

"Table Name"

The data table name as stored in the Logger.

LINE 2 "Time Stamp" (or "Seconds" and "NanoSeconds" in TOB1 Files)

TimeStamp column. "TimeStamp" is shown for column header.

"Record"

Record Number column. "Record" is shown for column header.

"Field Name"

The Field Name for the variable whose data is listed in this column. Each field that is written to the table will have a column. The Field Name is created by the CR9000X by appending an underscore ( _ ) and a three character mnemonic, representing the output processing, to the name of the Variable that is being stored.

See Table 4.3-1 Output Processing Abbreviations for a listing of the mnemonics.

See the FieldNames topic in Section 6.4 Output Processing Instructions and the Alias topic in Section 5 Program Declarations.

LINE 3 "TS" or "Seconds" and "NanoSeconds" in TOB1 Files)

Placeholder for timestamp column(s).

Field Units

The units for the fields in the data table. Units are assigned in the program with the Units declaration.

LINE 4 "" ( ,, in TOB1 Files)

Comma separated double quotations (or just commas in the case of the TOB1 format) are used as placeholder(s) for Timestamp column(s).

"" ( , in TOB1 Files)

Comma separated double quotations (or just commas in the case of the TOB1 format) are used as a placeholder for the Record Number column.

Field Processing

The output processing that was used when the field was stored. Examples:

Smp = Sample Avg = Average

See Section 4.3 Program Access to Data Tables for a list of the 3 letter mnemonics.

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Section 2. Data Storage and Retrieval

LINE 5 Field Data Type

This header line is only in TOB1 and TOB3 binary formats and identifies the data type for each of the fields in the data table. Data types include

FP2, IEEE4 (float), Long (ULong), UINT2, Bool4 (Boolean), Bool8, NSEC, and String.

See "Table 4.2.4 Data Types" located in Section 4.2.4.4.

LINE 6 Time Stamp

This field is the date and time stamp for this record. It indicates the time, according to the logger clock, that each record was stored. It is actually stored in the Binary format as the Seconds and Nanoseconds since Jan. 1,

1990.

Record Number

This field is the record number of this record. The number will increase up

and then start over with zero. The record number will also start over

to 2 at zero if the table is reset.

Field Data

This is the data for each of the fields in the record.

All of the Data File structure format examples that follow in this section were created with the program listed in Example Program 2.4-1.

SlotConfigure(9050) Public TC(4) : Units TC = Deg_F 'Declare Var array for TCs Public TRef(1) : Units TRef = Deg_C 'Declare Reference Temp Public Flag(8) 'Declare General Purpose Flags

DataTable(TEMP,True,-1) 'Name, Trigger, auto size DataInterval(0,10,mSec,100) '10 mS rate, 100 lapses, autosize CardOut(0,-1) 'PC card , Ring, Auto-size Sample (1,TRef(),IEEE4) '1 Rep, Source,IEEE4 Average(4,TC(),FP2,False) '4 Reps,Source,FP2,Enabled EndTable 'End of table TEMP

BeginProg 'Program begins here

Scan(5,mSec,100,0) 'Scan once every 5 mSecs ModuleTemp(TRef(),1,4,20) 'Make measurements TCDiff(TC(),4,mV50C,4,1,TypeT,TRef(1),True,40,70,1.8,32) If Flag(1) Then CallTable TEMP 'Call Data Table Temp Next Scan 'Loop up for the next scan EndProg 'Program ends here

Example Program 2.4-1: Data.C9X program file that created all

example data files in this section

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Section 2. Data Storage and Retrieval

2.4.2 TOA5 ASCII File Format

TOA5 data files are stored in a comma separated format. Header information for each of the columns is included, along with field names and units of measure if they are available. TOA5 file formats can be created with or without Time Stamps and Record Numbers.

Figure 2.4-2 shows an example of a data file collected as TOA5 with time stamps and record numbers. The Data file was collected using RTDAQ's collection window.

"TOA5","LogName","CR9000X","1045","CR9000X.STD05","CPU:Data.C9X","2373","Temp" "TIMESTAMP","RECORD","TRef","TC_Avg(1)","TC_Avg(2)","TC_Avg(3)","TC_Avg(4)" "TS","RN","deg_C","deg_F","deg_F","deg_F","deg_F" "","","Smp","Avg","Avg","Avg","Avg" "2009-10-27 16:40:43.42",0,29.94,25.6,25.36,25.48,25.4 "2009-10-27 16:40:43.43",1,29.93,25.6,25.36,25.41,25.35

FIGURE 2.4-2. TOA5 with timestamps and record numbers

Figure 2.4-3 shows how the data from Figure 2.4-2 might look when imported into a spreadsheet.

TOA5 LogName CR9000X 1045 CR9000X.STD.05 CPU:Data.C9X 2373 Temp TIMESTAMP RECORD TRef TC_Avg(1) TC_Avg(2) TC_Avg(3) TC_Avg(4) TS RN Deg_C Deg_F Deg_F Deg_F Deg_F Smp Avg Avg Avg Avg 2009-10-27 16:40:43.42 0 29.94 25.6 25.36 25.48 25.4 2009-10-27 16:40:43.43 1 29.93 25.6 25.36 25.41 25.35

FIGURE 2.4-3. Spreadsheet of TOA5 with timestamps and record

numbers.

Figure 2.4-4 shows the same data table collected as TOA5 without Time Stamps or Record Numbers.

"TOA5","LogName","CR9000X","1045","CR9000X.STD.05","CPU:Data.C9X","2373","Temp" "TRef","TC_Avg(1)","TC_Avg(2)","TC_Avg(3)","TC_Avg(4)" "Deg_C","Deg_F","Deg_F","Deg_F","Deg_F" "Smp","Avg","Avg","Avg","Avg"

29.94,25.6,25.36,25.48,25.4

29.93,25.6,25.36,25.41,25.35

FIGURE 2.4-4. TOA5 without timestamps and record numbers

Figure 2.4-5 shows how the TOA5 data without Timestamps and Record Numbers from Figure 2.4-4 might look when imported into a spreadsheet.

TOA5 LogName CR9000X 1045 CR9000X.STD.05 CPU:DAT.C9X 2373 Temp TRef TC_Avg(1) TC_Avg(2) TC_Avg(3) TC_Avg(4) Deg_C Deg_C Deg_F Deg_F Deg_F Smp Smp Avg Avg Avg

29.94 25.6 25.36 25.48 25.4

29.93 25.6 25.36 25.41 25.35

FIGURE 2.4-5. Spreadsheet of TOA5 without timestamps and

record numbers

2-13

Section 2. Data Storage and Retrieval

2.4.3 TOB1 Binary File Format

The TOB1 binary file format is typically only used when it is essential to minimize the file size or when other software requires, or more readily accepts, this format over ASCII (such as DaDisp) . Campbell Scientifics' ViewPro and Split utilities directly support TOB1 file formats.

Files can be collected as TOB1 through the collect menu in RTDAQ or LoggerNet software support packages. The Card Convert utility can also convert TOB3 data files into TOB1 data files.

Figure 2.4-6 is a sample of a data file that was generated using Example Program 2.4-1 and collected as TOB1 Binary with time stamps.

"TOB1","LogName","CR9000X","1045","CR9000X.STD.05","CPU:Data.C9X",2373,Temp "SECONDS","NANOSECONDS","RECORD","TRef","TC_Avg(1)","TC_Avg(2)","TC_Avg(3)","TC_Avg(4) " "SECONDS","NANOSECONDS","RN","Deg_C","Deg_F","Deg_F","Deg_F","Deg_F" "","","","Smp","Avg","Avg","Avg","Avg","Avg" "WLONG","WLONG","WLONG","IEEE4","FP2","FP2","FP2","FP2" (data lines are binary and not directly readable )

FIGURE 2.4-6. TOB1 with timestamps and record numbers

Figure 2.4-7 shows the same data file collected as TOB1 w/o time stamps.

"TOB1","LogName","CR9000X","1045","CR9000X.STD.05","CPU:Data.C9X",2373,Temp "TRef","TC_Avg(1)","TC_Avg(2)","TC_Avg(3)","TC_Avg(4)" "Deg_C","Deg_F","Deg_F","Deg_F","Deg_F" "Smp","Avg","Avg","Avg","Avg","Avg" "IEEE4","FP2","FP2","FP2","FP2" (data lines are binary and not directly readable )

FIGURE 2.4-7 TOB1 without timestamps and record numbers

2.4.4 TOB3 Binary File Format

Data Files that are created internal of the CR9000X, either on the CPU or on the PC card, are stored in the raw TOB3 binary format. The only way to access this raw TOB3 file, without converting it to another format, is directly from the PC card (copying or accessing), or through retrieving the file using the File Control utility in RTDAQ or LoggerNet. It should be noted that FileMarks that have been written to data files can only be processed using this raw TOB3 binary file.

The File header information of the TOB3 format differs slightly from the other data file formats. Figure 2.4-8 lists the information included in the TOB3 file header.

2-14

Section 2. Data Storage and Retrieval

LINE 1:

"File Format","Station Name","Logger Model","CPU Serial No.","OS Version",

"Program File","Program File Signature", "File Creation Time"

LINE 2: "Table Name","Record Interval","Data Frame Size","Intended Table Size",

"Validation Stamp","Frame time resolution"

LINE 3: "Field Name","Field Name","Field Name","Field Name","Field Name" LINE 4: "Field Units","Field Units","Field Units","Field Units","Field Units" LINE 5: "Process Type","Process Type","Process Type","Process Type","Process Type" LINE 5: "Data Type","Data Type","Data Type","Data Type","Data Type"

FIGURE 2.4-8. TOB3 file header information

Figure 2.4-9 is an illustration of a TOB3 data file that was created using the Example Program listed in Example Program 2.4-1.

"TOB3","LogName","CR9000X","1045","CR9000X.STD.05","CPU:Data.C9X",2373,"2009-10-27 16:40:14" "Temp","10 MSEC","1024","2574034","34004","Sec10Usec"," 0"," 625511219","0677345253" "TRef","TC_Avg(1)","TC_Avg(2)","TC_Avg(3)","TC_Avg(4)" "Deg_C","Deg_F","Deg_F","Deg_F","Deg_F" "Smp","Avg","Avg","Avg","Avg" "IEEE4l","FP2","FP2","FP2","FP2" (data lines are binary and not directly readable )

FIGURE 2.4-9. TOB3 data file example

TOB3 data are stored in fixed size “frames” that generally contain a number of records. The size of the frames is a function of the record size. The frames are time stamped, allowing the calculation of time stamps for their records. If there is a lapse in periodic interval records that does not occur on a frame boundary, an additional time stamp is written within the frame and its occurrence noted in the frame boundary. This additional time stamp takes up space that would otherwise hold data.

When TOB3 files are converted to another format, the number of records may be greater or less than the number requested in the data table declaration. There are always at least two additional frames of data allocated. When the file is converted these will result in additional records if no lapses occurred. If more lapses occur than were anticipated, there may be fewer records in the file than were allocated.

2-15

Section 2. Data Storage and Retrieval

2-16

Section 3. CR9000X Measurement Details

3.1 Measurements using the CR9041 A/D

The CR9050(E), CR9051E, and the CR9055(E) modules all use the A/D module to digitize their analog measurements. Section 3.1 documents measurement details for the measurements made using these modules. The Filter module (CR9052) and the Isolation Module (CR9058E) both have an A/D converter for each channel. The analog inputs are digitized by the modules (the CR9041 A/D module is not used) and the digital data is sent directly to the CR9000X’s CPU module. The differences in measurement details for these modules are covered in Sections 3.2 and 3.3. The measurement details for the CR9070 and CR9071 Pulse modules are covered in Section 3.4.

3.1.1 Analog Voltage Measurement Sequence

The CR9000X measures analog voltages with a sample and hold analog to digital (A/D) conversion. The signal at a precise instant is sampled and this voltage is held or "frozen" while the digitization takes place. The A/D conversion is made with a 16 bit successive approximation technique which resolves the signal voltage to approximately one part in 62,500 of the full scale range (e.g., for the ±5000 mV range, 10 V/62,500 = 160 µV). The analog measurements are multiplexed through a single A/D converter with a maximum conversion rate of 100,000 per second or one every 10 µs.

The timing of the CR9000X measurements is precisely controlled by the task sequencer, a combination of components that switches the measurement circuitry on a rigid schedule that is determined at compile time and loaded into the task sequencer's memory. The basic tick of the task sequencer measurement clock may be thought of as 10 µs. The minimum time between measurements is 10 µs. When voltage signals are measured at a 10 µs/measurement rate, every 10 µs the task sequencer holds the signal from one channel and then switches to the next channel. When the signal is held, the A/D converter goes to work and ships the result off to the transputer memory.

The instructions executed by the task sequencer (e.g., hold, turn on the excitation, switch to the next channel, etc.) take 400 ηs each. When measuring every 10 μs, after holding for one measurement, the task sequencer switches to the next channel (400 ηs), waits 9200 ηs, then holds for the next measurement (400 ηs).

Changing voltage ranges requires one 10 μs tick; the task sequencer sets up the new voltage range then delays until the next 10 μs boundary before switching to the first channel. This only occurs before the first measurement within a scan or when the voltage range actually changes. Using two different voltage

measurement instructions with the same voltage range takes the same measurement time as using one instruction with two repetitions. (This is

3-1

Section 3. CR9000X Measurement Details

not the case in the CR10, 21X and CR7 dataloggers where there is always a setup time for each instruction.)

There are four parameters in the measurement instructions that may vary the sequence and timing of the measurement. These are options to reverse the polarity of the excitation voltage (RevEx), reverse the high and low differential inputs (RevDiff), to set the time to wait between switching to a channel and making a measurement (Delay), and the length of time to integrate a measurement (Integ).

3.1.1.1 Reversing Excitation or the Differential Input

Reversing the excitation polarity or the differential input are techniques to cancel voltage offsets that are not part of the signal. For example, if there is a +5 μV offset, a 5 mV signal will be measured as 5.005 mV. When the input is reversed, the measurement will be -4.995 mV. Subtracting the second measurement from the first and dividing by 2 gives the correct answer: 5.005(-4.995)=10, 10/2=5. Most offsets are thermocouple effects caused by temperature gradients in the measurement circuitry or wiring.

Reversing the excitation polarity cancels voltage offsets in the sensor, wiring, and measurement circuitry. One measurement is made with the excitation voltage with the polarity programmed and a second measurement is made with the polarity reversed. The excitation "on time" for each polarity is exactly the same to ensure that ionic sensors do not polarize with repetitive measurements.

3.1.1.2 Delay

Reversing the inputs of a differential measurement cancels offsets in the CR9000X measurement circuitry. One measurement is made with the high input referenced to the low input and a second with the low referenced to the high.

When the CR9000X switches to a new channel or switches on the excitation for a bridge measurement, there is a finite amount of time required for the signal to reach its true value. Delaying between setting up a measurement (switching to the channel, setting the excitation) and making the measurement allows the signal to settle to the correct value. The default CR9000X delays, 10 μs for the 5000 and 1000 mV ranges and 20 μs for the 200 and 50 mV ranges, are the minimum required for the CR9000X to settle to within its accuracy specifications. Additional delay is necessary when working with high sensor resistances or long lead lengths (higher capacitance). It is also possible to shorten the delay on the 200 and 50 mV ranges to 10 μs when speed and resolution is more important than high accuracy. Using a delay increases the time required for each measurement.

When the CR9000X Reverses the differential input or the excitation polarity, it delays the same time after the reversal as it does before the first measurement. Thus there are two delays per channel when either RevDiff or RevEx is used. If both RevDiff and RevEx are selected, there are four measurement segments, positive and negative excitations with the inputs one way and positive and negative excitations with the inputs reversed. The CR9000X switches to the channel:

3-2

3.1.1.3 Integration

Section 3. CR9000X Measurement Details

sets the excitation, delays, measures, reverses the excitation, delays, measures, reverses the excitation, reverses the inputs, delays, measures, reverses the excitation, delays, measures.

Thus there are four delays per channel measured.

With the CR9050 and CR9055 analog input modules, there is no analog integration of the signal and minimal filtering from the 422 ohm series resistor and 0.001 μF capacitor to ground that protect the input. The signal is sampled when the task sequencer issues a hold command and any noise that may be on the signal becomes part of the measured voltage. The rapid sample is a necessity for high speed measurements. Integrating the signal will reduce noise. When lower noise measurements are needed or speed is not an issue, integration can be specified as part of the measurement.

The CR9000X uses digital integration. An integration time in microseconds (10 μs resolution) is specified as part of the measurement instruction. The CR9000X will repeat measurements every 10 μs throughout the integration interval and store the average as the result of the measurement.

The random noise level is decreased by the square root of the number of measurements made. For example, the input noise on the ±5000 mV range with no integration (one measurement) is 105 μV RMS; integrating for 40 μs (four measurements) will cut this noise in half (105/(√4)=52.5).

One of the most common sources of noise is not random but is 60 Hz from AC power lines. An integration time of 16,670 μs is equal to one 60 Hz cycle. Integrating for one cycle will integrate the AC noise to 0.

The integration time specified in the measurement instruction is used for each segment of the measurement. Thus, if reversing the differential input or reversing the excitation is specified, there will be two integrations per channel; if both reversals are specified, there will be four integrations.

3.1.2 Single Ended and Differential Voltage Measurements

A single-ended measurement is made on a single input which is measured relative to ground. A differential measurement measures the difference in voltage between two inputs. Twice as many single ended measurements can be made per Analog Input Module.

NOTE

There are two sets of channel numbers on the Analog Input Modules. Differential channels (1-14) have two inputs: high (H) and low (L). Either the high or low side of a differential channel can be used for a single ended measurement. The single-ended channels are numbered 1-28.

3-3

Section 3. CR9000X Measurement Details

The CR9000X incorporates a programmable gain input instrumentation amplifier, as illustrated in FIGURE 3.1.2-1. The voltage gain of the instrumentation amplifier is determined by the user selected range code associated with voltage measurement instructions. The instrumentation amplifier can be configured to measure either single-ended (SE) or differential (DIFF) voltages.

For SE measurements the voltage to be measured is connected to the H input while the L input is internally connected to the signal ground (

wiring panel. CRBasic instructions BRHalf, BRHalf6W, TCSE, and VoltSE perform Single Ended voltage measurements.

For DIFF measurements, the voltage to be measured is connected between the H and L inputs on the instrumentation amplifier. CRBasic instructions BrFull(), BrFull6W(), BrHalf4W(), TCDiff(), and VoltDiff() perform DIFF voltage measurements.

) on the

FIGURE 3.1.2-1. Programmable gain instrumentation amplifier

An instrumentation amplifier processes the difference between the H and L inputs, while rejecting voltages that are common to both with respect to the CR9000X ground. FIGURE 3.1.2-2 illustrates the instrumentation amplifier with the input signal decomposed into a common-mode voltage (V DIFF mode voltage (V voltages on the H and L inputs, i.e., V

). The common-mode voltage is the average of the

= (VH + VL)/2, which can viewed as

) and a

the voltage remaining on both the H and L inputs when the DIFF voltage

) equals 0. The voltage on the H and L inputs is given as VH = Vcm +

/2, and VL = Vcm – Vdm/2, respectively.

3-4

FIGURE 3.1.2-2. Programmable gain instrumentation amplifier with

input signal decomposition

Section 3. CR9000X Measurement Details

Input Limits

The Input Limit specifies the voltage range, relative to CR9000X ground, which both H and L input voltages must be within in order to be processed correctly by the instrumentation amplifier. The Input Limits for the CR9050(E) and CR9051E modules are CR9055(E) modules are

±50 V. Differential measurements in which the H or

±5 V . The Input Limits for the

L input voltages are beyond the INPUT LIMITs may suffer from undetected measurement errors.

Example 3.1.2-2

: Lets take the case of a type K thermocouple at about 246 degrees C (thermoelectric voltage of 10 mV) that is floating with a static charge of 1000 mV. In this case, V mV, V

= 10 mV, VH = 995 mV, and VL = 1005 mV. A valid

= 1000

measurement can be made using the mV50 range code because the 1000 mV static charge is within the common mode range, the Diff voltage is below 50 mV, and the total voltage on both the H (V and L (V

)inputs are within the ±5 V Input Limits of the

)

CR9050.

It should be noted that the term “Common-mode Range”, which defines the valid range of common-mode voltages, is often used instead of “Voltage Input Limits.” For DIFF voltages that are small compared to the Input Limits, the Common-mode Range is essentially equivalent to the Input Limits. Yet as shown in FIGURE 3.1.1-2, the Common-mode Range = ±⎪Input Limits –

/2⎪, indicating a reduction in Common-mode Range for increasing DIFF

signal amplitudes. For example, with a 5000 mV DIFF signal, the Commonmode Range is reduced to ±2.5 V, whereas the voltage Input Limits are always ±5 V. Hence, the term INPUT LIMITS is used in place of the widely used term, Common-mode range.

Because a single ended measurement is referenced to CR9000X ground, any difference in ground potential between the sensor and the CR9000X will result in an error in the measurement. For example, if the measuring junction of a copper-constantan thermocouple, being used to measure soil temperature, is not insulated and the potential of earth ground is 1 mV greater at the sensor than at the point where the CR9000X is grounded, the measured voltage would

be 1 mV greater than the thermocouple output, or approximately 25

C high. Another instance where a ground potential difference creates a problem is in a where external signal conditioning circuitry is powered from the same source as the CR9000X. Despite being tied to the same ground, differences in current drain and lead resistance result in different ground potential at the two instruments. For this reason, a differential measurement should be made on an analog output from the external signal conditioner. Differential measurements MUST be used when the low input is known to be different from ground, such as the output from a full bridge.

3.1.2.1 Single Ended Voltage Range

The voltage range for single ended measurements is the range in which the input voltage must be, relative to CR9000X ground, for the measurement to be made.

The resolution (the smallest difference that can be detected) for the A/D conversion is a fixed percentage of the full scale range. To obtain the best

3-5

Section 3. CR9000X Measurement Details

resolution, select the smallest range that will cover the voltage output by the sensor. For example, the resolution of an A/D conversion made on the ± 50 mV range is 1.6 μV; the resolution on the ±5000 mV range is 160 μV. A copper-constantan thermocouple outputs a voltage of about 40 μV / °C (difference in temperature between the measurement and reference junction). The temperature resolution on the ± 50 mV range is 0.04 degrees (1.6 μV / 40 μV / 1°C); the resolution on the ±5000 mV range is 4 degrees (160 μV / 40 μV / °C). Because the smallest ± 50 mV range will allow a 1250 degree difference (0.05 V / 0.00006 V), which is greater than the sensor capability (-200 to 400 degrees C) there is no reason to use a larger range.

3.1.2.2 Differential Voltage Range

When a differential voltage measurement is made, the high (H) input is referenced to the low (L) input. To obtain the best resolution, select the smallest range that will cover the voltage output by the sensor as described for single ended voltage measurements above.

Range Code C option: Open Sensor Detect

Sensors that have a floating output (the output is not referenced to ground through a separate connection, such as thermocouples) may float outside of the Input Limits, causing measurement problems. For example, a larger static charge in Example 3.1.2-1 could result in an invalid thermocouple measurement. Hence, the ability to null any residual common-mode voltage prior to measurement is useful in order to pull the H and L Instrumentation Amp inputs within the ±5 V Input Limits. Adding a “C” to the end of the range code (i.e. mV50C) enables the nulling of the common-mode voltage prior to a differential measurement for the ±50 mV and ±200 mV input ranges.

The “C” range code option results in a brief internal connection of the H and L inputs of the IA to 2800 mV and ground, respectively, while still connected to the sensor to be measured. The resulting internal common-mode voltage is ≈ 1400 mV, which is well within the ±5 V Input Limits. Upon disconnecting the internal 2800 mV and ground connections, the associated input is allowed to settle to the desired sensor voltage and the voltage measurement is made. If the associated input is open (floating), the input voltages will remain near the 2800 mV and ground, resulting in an over range (NAN) on the ±50 mV and ±200 mV input ranges. If the associated sensor is connected and functioning properly, a valid measured voltage will result. When this option is selected, the time required for each measurement will be increased by 10 micro-seconds.

Example 3.1.2-2

: Start with example 3.1.2-1. If the static charge were to build up to 5000 mV, with a thermoelectric voltage of 10 mV the V

would equal 5005 mV. This is above the Input

Limit of 5000 mV, and a reliable measurement cannot be made on

the CR9050 or CR9051E modules without pulling the inputs to within the allowable Input Limit range. If the 50mVC, Open Sense Detect, range code, were utilized, the input voltages would be pulled within the Input Levels and a good measurement could be made.

3-6

Section 3. CR9000X Measurement Details

The C option has the added benefit of being able to detect an open input (e.g., broken thermocouple). The H input is connected to a voltage approximately

2.8 V above the L input so that an open input will result in an over range on the ±200 mV and ±50 mV input ranges. With an open input the high and low inputs are floating independently and remain close to the values they reached while connected to the excitation, over ranging voltage ranges up to ±200 mV and causing Not a Number (NAN) to be returned for the result.

Input Limit check, R option

As previously mentioned, input voltages in which V

or VL are beyond the

±5V Input Limits may suffer from undetected measurement errors. The “R” range code option (e.g., mV1000R) invokes SE measurements of both V

after the associated differential voltage measurement. If either VH or VL is

and

found to be outside the Input Limit range, then a NAN is returned for the measured result instead of a possible erroneous value. To avoid misleading data, either be sure that the inputs are within the Input Limits with respect to the CR9000X analog ground, or use the voltage range R option to check common mode range.

Example 3.1.2-3

: If VH of a differential input is at 4.3 V and VL is at 3.4 V relative to CR9000X ground, a sound measurement can be made. A measurement made on the CR9050 module using the mV1000 range code option range will return 900 mV. However, if the high input is at 5.6 V and the low input is at 4.8 V, the measurement result returned could either be NAN or some erroneous numeric. If the mV1000R range code option were utilized, it would force a result of NAN to be returned rather than possibly allowing a bogus value to be returned.

“C” and “R” Range Combination

The “C” and “R” options can both be utilized for a given VoltDiff and TCDiff instruction combined (e.g., mV200CR). For a “CR” range code option, the “C” portion is first performed, followed by the associated differential voltage measurement, followed by the “R” portion of the measurement. A NAN result indicates either a sensor over range, an open input, or that V

and/or VL

exceeded the ± 5 V Input Limits when using the “CR” range code option.

Problems with exceeding the Input Limits may be encountered when the CR9000X is used to read the output of external signal conditioning circuitry if a good ground connection does not exist between the external circuitry and the CR9000X. When operating where AC power is available, it is not always safe to assume that a good ground connection exists through the AC wiring. If a CR9000X is used to measure the output from a laboratory instrument (both plugged into AC power and referencing ground to outlet ground), it is best to run a ground wire between the CR9000X and the external circuitry. Even with this ground connection, the ground potential of the two instruments may not be at exactly the same level, which is why a differential measurement is desired.

A differential measurement has the option of reversing the inputs to cancel offsets as described in Section 3.1.1.1. The maximum offset when the inputs are reversed on a differential measurement offset is about one quarter what it is on a single ended or one way differential.

3-7

Section 3. CR9000X Measurement Details

NOTE

Sustained voltages in excess of ±20 V on the CR9050 Module inputs or ±150 V on the CR9055 Module inputs will damage the CR9000X circuitry.

3.1.3 Signal Settling Time

Whenever an analog input is switched into the CR9000X measurement circuitry prior to making a measurement, a finite amount of time is required for the signal to stabilize at it's correct value. The rate at which the signal settles is determined by the input settling time constant which is a function of both the source resistance and input capacitance. The CR9000X delays after switching to a channel to allow the input to settle before initiating the measurement. The default delays used by the CR9000X are 10 µs on the ±5000 and ±1000 mV ranges and 20 µs on the ±200 and ±50 mV range. This settling time is the minimum required to allow the input to settle to the resolution specification. The additional wire capacitance associated with long sensor leads can increase the settling time constant to the point that measurement errors may occur. There are three potential sources of error which must settle before the measurement is made:

1. The signal must rise to its correct value.

2. A small transient caused by switching the analog input into the measurement circuitry must settle.

3. When a resistive bridge measurement is made using a switched excitation channel, a larger transient caused when the excitation is switched must settle.

MINIMIZING SETTLING ERRORS

When long lead lengths are mandatory, the following general practices can be used to minimize or measure settling errors:

1. When measurement speed is not a prime consideration, additional delay time can be used to ensure ample settling time.

2 When making fast bridge measurements, use the continuous excitation

channels (1-6) to excite the bridges so the excitation doesn't have to settle before each measurement.

3. Where possible run excitation leads and signal leads in separate shields to minimize transients.

4. DO NOT USE WIRE WITH PVC INSULATED CONDUCTORS. PVC has a high dielectric which extends input settling time.

5. Use the CR9000X to measure the input settling error associated with a given configuration. Stabilize the sensor so that its output is not changing. Program the CR9000X to make the measurement with the delay you would like to use and a second time with a much longer delay that ensures adequate settling time. The difference between the two measurements is the error due to inadequate settling time.

3-8

Section 3. CR9000X Measurement Details

Settling time for a particular sensor and cable can be measured with the CR9000x. Programming a series of measurements with increasing settling times will yield data that indicates at what settling time a further increase results in negligible change in the measured voltage. The programmed settling time at this point indicates the true settling time for the sensor and cable combination.

Example 3.1.3-1

presents CRBASIC code to help determine settling time for a pressure transducer with 200 feet of cable. The code consists of a series of full-bridge measurements (BrFull ()) with increasing settling times. The pressure transducer is placed in steady-state conditions so changes in measured voltage are attributable to settling time rather than changes in the measured pressure.

EXAMPLE 3.1.3-1. CRBASIC Code: Measuring Settling Time

'CR9000X Series Datalogger 'Program to measure the settling time of a sensor 'measured with a differential voltage measurement

Public PT(20) 'Variable to hold the measurements

DataTable (Settle,True,100) Sample (20,PT(),IEEE4) EndTable

BeginProg Scan (1,Sec,3,0) BrFull (PT(1),1,mV7_5,4,1,5,1,1,5000,True,True,100,250,1.0,0) BrFull (PT(2),1,mV7_5,4,1,5,1,1,5000,True,True,200,250,1.0,0) BrFull (PT(3),1,mV7_5,4,1,5,1,1,5000,True,True,300,250,1.0,0) BrFull (PT(4),1,mV7_5,4,1,5,1,1,5000,True,True,400,250,1.0,0) BrFull (PT(5),1,mV7_5,4,1,5,1,1,5000,True,True,500,250,1.0,0) BrFull (PT(6),1,mV7_5,4,1,5,1,1,5000,True,True,600,250,1.0,0) BrFull (PT(7),1,mV7_5,4,1,5,1,1,5000,True,True,700,250,1.0,0) BrFull (PT(8),1,mV7_5,4,1,5,1,1,5000,True,True,800,250,1.0,0) BrFull (PT(9),1,mV7_5,4,1,5,1,1,5000,True,True,900,250,1.0,0) BrFull (PT(10),1,mV7_5,4,1,5,1,1,5000,True,True,1000,250,1.0,0) BrFull (PT(11),1,mV7_5,4,1,5,1,1,5000,True,True,1100,250,1.0,0) BrFull (PT(12),1,mV7_5,4,1,5,1,1,5000,True,True,1200,250,1.0,0) BrFull (PT(13),1,mV7_5,4,1,5,1,1,5000,True,True,1300,250,1.0,0) BrFull (PT(14),1,mV7_5,4,1,5,1,1,5000,True,True,1400,250,1.0,0) BrFull (PT(15),1,mV7_5,4,1,5,1,1,5000,True,True,1500,250,1.0,0) BrFull (PT(16),1,mV7_5,4,1,5,1,1,5000,True,True,1600,250,1.0,0) BrFull (PT(17),1,mV7_5,4,1,5,1,1,5000,True,True,1700,250,1.0,0) BrFull (PT(18),1,mV7_5,4,1,5,1,1,5000,True,True,1800,250,1.0,0) BrFull (PT(19),1,mV7_5,4,1,5,1,1,5000,True,True,1900,250,1.0,0) BrFull (PT(20),1,mV7_5,4,1,5,1,1,5000,True,True,2000,250,1.0,0) CallTable Settle NextScan EndProg

3-9

Section 3. CR9000X Measurement Details

Each trace in Figure 3.1-1, Settling Time for Pressure Transducer, contains all 20 PT() values for a given record number, along with an averaged value showing the measurements as percent of final reading. The reading has settled to 99.5% of the final value by the fourteenth measurement, PT(14). This is a suitable accuracy for the application, so a settling time of 1400 μs is determined to be adequate.

0.044

0.043

0.042

0.041

0.04

mV/Volt

0.039

0.038

Settling Time

Series1

Series2 Series3

Series4 Series5

Average %

% of Final Value

0.037

0.036 1234567891011121314151617181920

FIGURE 3.1.3-1. Settling time for pressure transducer

3.1.4 Thermocouple Measurements

A thermocouple consists of two wires, each of a different metal or alloy, which are joined together at each end. If the two junctions are at different temperatures, a voltage proportional to the difference in temperatures is induced in the wires. When a thermocouple is used for temperature measurement, the wires are soldered or welded together at the measuring junction. The second junction, which becomes the reference junction, is formed where the other ends of the wires are connected to the measuring device. (With the connectors at the same temperature, the chemical dissimilarity between the thermocouple wire and the connector does not induce any voltage.) When the temperature of the reference junction is known, the temperature of the measuring junction can be determined by measuring the thermocouple voltage and adding the corresponding temperature difference to the reference temperature.

Time (x100 us)

3-10

The CR9000X determines thermocouple temperatures using the following sequence. First the temperature of the reference junction is measured. If the reference junction is the CR9000X Analog Input Module, the temperature is measured with the PRT in the CR9050 Analog Input Module (ModuleTemp

instruction). The reference junction temperature in

C is stored and then referenced by the thermocouple measurement instruction (TCDiff or TCSE). The CR9000X calculates the voltage that a thermocouple of the type specified

Section 3. CR9000X Measurement Details

would output at the reference junction temperature if its reference junction

were at 0

C, and adds this voltage to the measured thermocouple voltage. The temperature of the measuring junction is then calculated from a polynomial approximation of the NIST TC calibrations.

3.1.4.1 Error Analysis

The error in the measurement of a thermocouple temperature is the sum of the errors in the reference junction temperature, the thermocouple output (deviation from standards published in NIST Monograph 175), the thermocouple voltage measurement, and the linearization error (difference between NIST standard and CR9000X polynomial approximations). The discussion of errors which follows is limited to these errors in calibration and measurement and does not include errors in installation or matching the sensor to the environment being measured.

Reference Junction Temperature with CR9050

The PRT in the CR9000X is mounted on the circuit board near the center of the CR9050 terminal strip. This resistance temperature device (RTD) is accurate to ±0.1

The error in the reference temperature measurement is a combination of the error in the thermistor temperature and the difference in temperature between the module thermistor and the terminals the thermocouple is connected to. When using the CR9051E, the insulated cover for the CR9051EZ connector should always be used when making thermocouple measurements. It insulates the terminals from drafts and rapid fluctuations in temperature as well as conducting heat to reduce temperature gradients. Also, the foam block that was supplied with the CR9000X should be utilized to minimize temperature gradients.

C over the CR9000X operating range.

The I/O Module was designed to minimize thermal gradients. It is encased in an aluminum box which is thermally isolated from the CR9000X fiberglass enclosure. Measurement modules have aluminum mounting plates extending beyond the edges of the circuit cards that provide thermal conduction for rapid equilibration of thermal gradients. Sources of heat within the CR9000X enclosure exist due to power dissipation by the electronic components or charging batteries. In a situation where the CR9000X is at an ambient

temperature of approximately 20

C and no external temperature gradients

exist, the temperature gradient between one end of an Analog Input module to the other is likely to be less than 0.1°C.

The gradient from one end of the I/O Chassis to the other, is likely to be about 4°C. The end of the enclosure with the CPU Module will be warmer due to heat dissipated by the processor.

For the best accuracy, use the temperature of each CR9050 module as the reference temperature for any thermocouples attached to it. Given the above conditions, this would keep the reference junctions within 0.05°C of the temperature of the RTD. When making more thermocouple measurements than can be accomplished on a single CR9050 module, it is faster to measure the temperature of one CR9050 module and use it for all thermocouples. If

3-11

Section 3. CR9000X Measurement Details

speed is more important than the reduced accuracy, the temperature of a single CR9050 module can be used for thermocouples connected to other modules.

A foam block that fits under the terminal cover is sent with the CR9000X. When installed, this block insulates and limits air circulation around the terminals. This helps to limit temperature gradients on the analog input modules, particularly when the CR9000X is subjected to rapid temperature changes and/or convective air currents.

Figure 3.1.4-1 shows the thermocouple temperature errors experienced on different channels of the CR9051E analog module when a CR9000X, in a lab enclosure with the foam block inserted under the lid, was subjected to an abrupt change in temperature. The logger was enclosed in 1 mil plastic, to keep convective air currents from directly impinging on the logger surfaces, and placed inside a test chamber. Throughout the test, channels 1, 7, and 14 of the CR9051E module were used to measure the temperature of an ice bath. The Logger was soaked until it reached -40 ˚C and then the chamber was cycled from -40 ˚C to 60 ˚C in 12 minutes. The measured temperature of the ice bath was compared with the actual temperature, which was measured using an independent, calibrated device. The measurement errors on Channels 1, 7, and 14 are plotted against the left axis. The reference temperature (PRT_Ref) of the CR9051E and the ambient chamber temperature are plotted against the right axis.

‐1

‐2

Channels(?C)

‐3

TemperatureDifference

‐4

0. 25

0.5

0.75

Thermocouple Limits of Error

1.25

Channel 1

Channel 7

Channel 14

Cham ber_A mbie nt

PRT_Ref

1.5

1.75

2. 25

2.5

2.75

3.25

3. 5

3.75

4. 25

4.5

4.75

‐20

‐40

‐60

Time(hrs)

FIGURE 3.1.4-1. Thermocouple temperature errors during rapid

temperature change

The standard reference which lists thermocouple output voltage as a function of temperature (reference junction at 0 and Technology Monograph 175 (1993). The American National Standards Institute has established limits of error on thermocouple wire which is accepted as an industry standard (ANSI MC 96.1, 1975). Table 3.1.4-1 gives the ANSI limits of error for standard and special grade thermocouple wire of the types accommodated by the CR9000X.

C) is the National Institute of Standards

Chamber/PRT_Ref(?C)

3-12

Campbell Scientific CR9000X User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Warranty

Assistance

Quick Start

QS1. Setting Up

QS1.1 Installing RTDAQ

QS1.2 Opening Enclosure

QS1.3 Connecting the RS232 Port/ Card Installation

QS1.4 Powering the Logger

QS1.5 Setting Up Serial Communications

QS1.6 Setting Up IP Communications

QS1.6.1 IP Port Setup Tips

QS1.6.1.1 Subnet Mask and IP Settings

QS2. Program Generator Basics

QS2.1 Program Generator Summary Window

QS2.2 Program Generator Configuration Window

QS2.3 Program Generator Scan Window

QS2.4 Program Generator Output Table Window

QS2.5 Program Generator Special Configuration

QS2.6 Program Generator: Save and Download

QS3. RealTime Monitoring

QS5. View Data

QS6. Comparison of CR9032 and CR9031

Processor

Memory

Communication Ports

Peripheral Compatibility

PC-Card LED Indicator Status

Instruction Set

New Instructions

Modified or Removed Instructions

Overview

OV1. Physical Description

OV1.1 Basic System

CR9011 Power Supply Module and AC Adapter

CR9032 CPU Module

CR9041 A/D and Amplifier Module

OV1.2 Measurement Modules

CR9050(E) Analog Input Module

CR9051E Fault Protected 5 V Analog Input Module

CR9052DC Anti-Alias Filter Module with DC Excitation

CR9052IEPE Anti-Alias Filter Module

CR9055(E) 50-Volt Analog Input Module

CR9058E Isolation Module

CR9060 Excitation Module

CR9070 Counter - Timer / Digital I/O Module — Obsolete

CR9071E Counter and Digital I/O Module

OV1.3 Communication Interfaces

The CR9000X's CPU module (CR9032) has built-in RS-232 and Ethernet ports, thus eliminating the need for expensive external communication interfaces.

OV2. Memory and Programming Concepts

OV2.1 Memory

OV2.2 Measurements, Processing, Data Storage

OV2.3 Data Tables

OV4. Support Software

PC200W

PC400

RTDAQ

LoggerNetTM Suite

Short Cut

View Pro

RTMC (Real-Time Monitoring and Control)

RTMC Pro

RTMCRT

RTMC Web Server

Software Development Kits (SDKs)

OV5. Specifications

Section 1. Installation

1.1 Enclosure

1.1.1 Connecting Sensors

1.1.2 Quick Connectors

1.1.3 Junction Boxes

1.2 System Power Requirements and Options

1.2.1 Power Supply and Charging Circuitry

1.2.2 Connecting to Vehicle Power Supply

1.2.3 Solar Panels

1.2.4 External Battery Connection

1.2.5 Safety Precautions