Campbell Scientific CR7 User Manual
CR7 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEM
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
REVISION: 7/97
COPYRIGHT (c) 1991-1997 CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.
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WARRANTY AND ASSISTANCE
The CR7 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEM is warranted by CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. to
be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service for thirty-six (36)
months from date of shipment unless specified otherwise. Batteries have no warranty. CAMPBELL
SCIENTIFIC, INC.'s obligation under this warranty is limited to repairing or replacing (at CAMPBELL
SCIENTIFIC, INC.'s option) defective products. The customer shall assume all costs of removing,
reinstalling, and shipping defective products to CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC,
INC. will return such products by surface carrier prepaid. This warranty shall not apply to any CAMPBELL
SCIENTIFIC, INC. products which have been subjected to modification, misuse, neglect, accidents of
nature, or shipping damage. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied, including
warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. is not
liable for special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages.
Products may not be returned without prior authorization. To obtain a Returned Materials Authorization
(RMA), contact CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC., phone (435) 753-2342. After an applications engineer
determines the nature of the problem, an RMA number will be issued. Please write this number clearly on
the outside of the shipping container. CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC's shipping address is:
CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.
RMA#_____
815 West 1800 North
Logan, Utah 84321-1784
CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. does not accept collect calls.
Non-warranty products returned for repair should be accompanied by a purchase order to cover the repair.
815 W. 1800 N.
Logan, UT 84321-1784
USA
Phone (435) 753-2342
FAX (435) 750-9540
www.campbellsci.com
Campbell Scientific Canada Corp.
11564 -149th Street
Edmonton, Alberta T5M 1W7
CANADA
Phone (780) 454-2505
FAX (780) 454-2655
Campbell Scientific Ltd.
Campbell Park
80 Hathern Road
Shepshed, Loughborough
LE12 9GX, U.K.
Phone +44 (0) 1509 601141
FAX +44 (0) 1509 601091
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CR7 OPERATOR'S MANUAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
WARRANTY AND ASSISTANCE
SELECTED OPERATING DETAILS..............................................................................................v
CAUTIONARY NOTES......................................................................................................................vi
OVERVIEW
OV1. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
OV1.1 700X Control Module ..........................................................................................................OV-1
OV1.2 720 I/O Module.................................................................................................................... OV-2
OV1.3 Enclosures and Connector Options .................................................................................... OV-2
OV2. MEMORY AND PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS
OV2.1 Internal Memory.................................................................................................................. OV-3
OV2.2 CR7 Instruction Types......................................................................................................... OV-6
OV2.3 Program Tables and the Execution and Output Intervals ................................................... OV-6
OV3. PROGRAMMING THE CR7
OV3.1 Functional Modes................................................................................................................ O V-8
OV3.2 Key Definition......................................................................................................................OV-8
OV3.3 Programming Sequence .....................................................................................................OV-8
OV3.4 Instruction Format............................................................................................................... OV-9
OV3.5 Entering a Program.............................................................................................................OV-9
OV4. PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE
OV4.1 Measurement.................................................................................................................... OV-10
OV4.2 Output ...............................................................................................................................OV-12
OV4.3 Editing an Existing Program.............................................................................................. OV-14
OV4.4 EDLOG Program Listing ...................................................................................................OV-14
OV5. DATA RETRIEVAL OPTIONS................................................................................ OV-15
OV6. SPECIFICATIONS...................................................................................................... OV-17
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROGRAMMING
1. FUNCTIONAL MODES
1.1 Program Tables - *1, *2, and *3 Modes ................................................................................. 1-1
1.2 Setting and Displaying the Clock - *5 Mode........................................................................... 1-2
1.3 Displaying and Altering Input Memory or Flags - *6 Mode..................................................... 1-2
1.4 Compiling and Logging Data - *0 Mode ................................................................................. 1-3
1.5 Memory Allocation - *A........................................................................................................... 1-4
1.6 Memory Testing and System Status - *B Mode ..................................................................... 1-5
1.7 *C Mode - Security................................................................................................................. 1-6
1.8 *D Mode - Save or Load Program.......................................................................................... 1-7
2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE
2.1 Final Storage Areas, Output Arrays, and Memory Pointers................................................... 2-1
2.2 Data Output Format and Range Limits .................................................................................. 2-2
2.3 Displaying Stored Data on Keyboard/Display - *7 Mode........................................................ 2-3
3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS
3.1 Parameter Data Types........................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 Repetitions/Card Number....................................................................................................... 3-1
3.3 Entering Negative Numbers................................................................................................... 3-1
3.4 Indexing Input Locations ........................................................................................................ 3-2
3.5 Voltage Range and Overrange Detection .............................................................................. 3-2
3.6 Output Processing.................................................................................................................. 3-2
3.7 Use of Flags: Output and Program Control........................................................................... 3-3
3.8 Program Control Logical Constructions ................................................................................. 3-4
3.9 Instruction Memory and Execution Time................................................................................ 3-6
3.10 Error Codes............................................................................................................................ 3-9
DATA RETRIEVAL/COMMUNICATION
4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS
4.1 On-Line Data Transfer - Instruction 96, *4 Mode ................................................................... 4-1
4.2 Manually Initiated Data Output - *9 Modes............................................................................. 4-2
4.3 Storage Module...................................................................................................................... 4-3
4.4 Printer Output Formats........................................................................................................... 4-4
5. TELECOMMUNICATIONS
5.1 Telecommunications Commands .......................................................................................... 5-1
5.2 Remote Programming of the CR7.......................................................................................... 5-3
6. 9 PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT
6.1 Pin Description....................................................................................................................... 6-1
6.2 Enabling Peripherals.............................................................................................................. 6-2
6.3 Interrupting Data Transfer to Storage Peripherals................................................................. 6-2
6.4 Telecommunications - Modem Peripherals............................................................................ 6-2
6.5 Interfacing with Computers, Terminals, and Printers............................................................. 6-2
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES
7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES
7.1 Single Ended Voltage-LI200S Silicon Pyranometer................................................................7-1
7.2 Differential Voltage Measurement...........................................................................................7-1
7.3 Thermocouple Temperatures Using 723-T Reference...........................................................7-2
7.4 Thermocouple Temperatures Using an External Reference Junction....................................7-2
7.5 Thermocouples for Differential Temperature Measurement...................................................7-3
7.6 Temperature with Calibrated Thermocouples.........................................................................7-4
7.7 107 Temperature Probe..........................................................................................................7-5
7.8 207 Temperature and RH Probe.............................................................................................7-5
7.9 Anemometer with Photochopper Output.................................................................................7-6
7.10 Tipping Bucket Raingage with Long Leads.............................................................................7-6
7.11 100 ohm PRT in 4 Wire Half-Bridge........................................................................................7-7
7.12 100 ohm PRT in 3 Wire Half-Bridge........................................................................................7-8
7.13 100 ohm PRT in 4 Wire Full-Bridge ........................................................................................7-9
7.14 Pressure Transducer-4 Wire Full-Bridge ..............................................................................7-10
7.15 Lysimeter-6 Wire Load Cell...................................................................................................7-11
7.16 227 Gypsum Soil Moisture Block ..........................................................................................7-13
7.17 Nonlinear Thermistor in Half Bridge (CSI Model 101)...........................................................7-14
8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES
8.1 Computation of Running Average...........................................................................................8-1
8.2 Rainfall Intensity......................................................................................................................8-2
8.3 SUB 1 Minute Output Interval Synched to Real Time.............................................................8-3
8.4 Analog Output to Strip Chart...................................................................................................8-4
8.5 Converting 0-360 Wind Direction Output to 0-540 for Strip Chart...........................................8-5
8.6 Covariance Correlation Programming Example......................................................................8-6
INSTRUCTIONS
9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS.....................................................................................9-1
10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS......................................................................................10-1
11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS...................................................................11-1
12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS......................................................................12-1
MEASUREMENTS
13. CR7 MEASUREMENTS
13.1 Fast and Slow Measurement Sequence ...............................................................................13-1
13.2 Single-Ended and Differential Voltage Measurements .........................................................13-1
13.3 The Effect of Sensor Lead Length on the Signal Settling Time ............................................13-3
13.4 Thermocouple Measurements............................................................................................13-11
13.5 Bridge Resistance Measurements ......................................................................................13-15
13.6 Resistance Measurements Requiring AC Excitation ..........................................................13-19
13.7 Pulse Count Measurements................................................................................................13-20
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INSTALLATION
14. INSTALLATION
14.1 Environmental Enclosure, Connectors and Junction Boxes ................................................ 14-1
14.2 System Power Requirements and Options .......................................................................... 14-2
14.3 Humidity Effects and Control................................................................................................ 14-5
14.4 Recommended Grounding Practices................................................................................... 14-5
14.5 Use of Digital Control Ports for Switching Relays ................................................................ 14-6
15. I/O CARD ADDRESSING AND MULTIPLE I/0 MODULES
15.1 I/O Card Identification Number Decoding ............................................................................ 15-1
15.2 Use of Multiple I/O Modules................................................................................................. 15-4
APPENDICES
A. GLOSSARY..............................................................................................................................A-1
B. CR7 PROM SIGNATURES FOR SYSTEMS EQUIPPED WITH
STANDARD SOFTWARE....................................................................................................B-1
C. BINARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS
C.1 Telecommunications Command With Binary Responses......................................................C-1
C.2 Final Storage Format .............................................................................................................C-3
C.3 Generation of Signature.........................................................................................................C-4
D. CALIBRATION PROCEDURES
D.1 Voltage Reference Calibration Procedure..............................................................................D-1
D.2 Clock Calibration Procedure ..................................................................................................D-2
LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................................... LT-1
LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................................................LF-1
INDEX ................................................................................................................................................... I-1
iv
SELECTED OPERATING DETAILS
The channel numbering on the Analog Input
Card refers to differential measurements. Single
ended measurements assume the HI and LO
side of each differential channel are two
independent single ended channels, e.g., the HI
and LO side of differential channel 2 are single
ended channels 3 and 4 respectively.
When multiple measurements are specified in
one measurement instruction (through use of
the "Repetitions Parameter") the CR7 I/O
Module is capable of sequencing through 500
fast, single-ended measurements per second.
This specification is the MEASUREMENT
SPEED and should not be confused with
throughput which is the rate at which
measurements are made, converted to
engineering units and stored in Final memory.
With the 700X Control Module (6303 CPU
board), the maximum throughput rate for fast,
single-ended measurements is approximately
310 measurements per second (1 second
execution: Instruction 1 entered 4 times, 3 times
with 99 repetitions, once with 11 repetitions).
Data is stored in Final Memory only by Output
Processing Instructions and only when the
Output Flag is set.
The default case for data stored in Final
Memory is low resolution (4 characters). High
resolution values (5 characters) must be
specified through use of Instruction 78. All data
contained in Input Memory is displayed (*6) as
HIGH RESOLUTION (5 characters) but the
default case for all data stored in Final Memory
is LOW RESOLUTION unless high resolution is
specified through use of Instruction 78.
Floating Point Format - The computations
performed in the CR7 use floating point
arithmetic. CSI's 4 byte floating point numbers
contain a 23 bit binary mantissa and a 6 bit
binary exponent. The largest and smallest
numbers that can be stored and processed are
9 x 1018 and 1 x 10
The computations performed in the CR7 are
done in floating point arithmetic. Internally, the
number is stored and processed as a binary
number with a 23 bit binary mantissa and a 6 bit
binary exponent. The largest and smallest
numbers that can be stored and processed are
9 x 1018 and 1 x 10
of the mantissa limits the resolution of the
arithmetic to 1 part in 223 binary (1.3 x 10
decimal).
Time is stored with data in Final Memory only if
specifically requested through use of the Real
Time Instruction 77.
Data in Final Storage can be erased without
altering the program by using the *A Mode to
repartition memory. The simplest method is to
re-enter the current allocation for Input Storage
(32 locations is the default allocation). All
memory can be erased and the CR7 completely
reset by entering 1744 for the number of bytes
left in Program Memory.
On-line (as opposed to a manually initiated
dump) data transfer to peripherals (printer,
storage module, etc.) occurs only if enabled
through use of the *4 Mode or Instruction 96.
Data transfer to cassette tape is no longer
supported.
-19
, respectively.
-19
respectively. The size
9
v
CAUTIONARY NOTES
The typical current drain for the CR7 is
approximately 100 mA while executing and 8-10
mA quiescent. Do not allow the lead-acid
batteries (2.5 Ahr) to drop below 11.76 V as
irreversible battery damage may result.
An external battery connected to the I/O Module
+12V and ground terminals continues to power
the CR7 system even though the CR7 power
switch is off. Reverse polarity protection is NOT
provided on this connection so exercise
extreme care if connecting external power
supplies.
Damage will occur to the analog input channel
circuitry if voltages in excess of +16V are
applied for a sustained period.
A POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS situation can
result due to hydrogen gas build up if the CR7 is
housed in a gas tight enclosure and the internal
lead acid batteries are shorted or overcharged.
Hydrogen concentration levels may occur which
are capable of causing injury or equipment
damage if ignited.
vi
CR7 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEM OVERVIEW
The CR7 Measurement and Control System combines precision measurement with processing and
control capability in a battery operated system.
Campbell Scientific, Inc. provides three documents to aid in understanding and operating the CR7:
1. This Overview
2. The CR7 Operator's Manual
3. The CR7 Prompt Sheet
This Overview introduces the concepts required to take advantage of the CR7's capabilities. Hands-on
programming examples start in Section OV4. Working with a CR7 will help the learning process, so
don't just read the examples, turn on the CR7 and do them. If you want to start this minute, go ahead
and try the examples, then come back and read the rest of the Overview.
The sections of the Operator's Manual which should be read to complete a basic understanding of the
CR7 operation are the Programming Sections 1-3, the portions of the data retrieval Sections 4 and 5
appropriate to the method(s) you are using (see OV5), and Section 14 which covers installation and
maintenance.
Section 6 covers the details of serial communications. Sections 7 and 8 contain programming examples.
Sections 9-12 have detailed descriptions of the programming instructions, and Section 13 goes into
detail on the CR7 measurement procedures.
The Prompt Sheet is an abbreviated description of the programming instructions. Once familiar with the
CR7, it is possible to program it using only the Prompt Sheet as a reference, consulting the manual if
further detail is needed.
Read the Selected Operating Details and Cautionary Notes at the front of the Manual before using the
CR7.
OV1. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
The CR7 features a modular, multiple
processor design that provides precision
measurement and control capability in a rugged,
battery operated system. Control Module
functions include real-time task initiation,
measurement processing, data storage,
telecommunications, and keyboard/display
interaction. The I/O Module performs all analog
and pulse signal measurement functions as well
as the analog and digital control output
functions. The I/O Module contains its own
processor card, a precision analog interface
card, and seven card slots which can
accommodate any combination of I/O Cards.
Sensor leads are connected to the I/O cards via
screw terminals.
A maximum of four I/O modules, separated by
up to 1,000 feet, may be connected to a single
Control Module in applications that require
distributed measurement capability.
OV1.1 700X CONTROL MODULE
Contains the CPU card, with 24K of system
PROM and 40K of RAM; the serial interface
card for peripheral communication and
connection of up to four I/O Modules; and the
keyboard display card. Two slots are present
for optional RAM expansion. The system's 2.5
Ahr lead-acid batteries and AC charging
circuitry are also contained in this module.
The CS I/O 9-pin port provides connection to
data storage peripherals, such as the
SM192/716 Storage Module, and provides
serial communication to computer or modem
devices for data transfer or remote
programming (Section 6). This 9 pin port does
NOT have the same pin configuration as the
OV-1
CR7 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEM OVERVIEW
RS232 9 pin serial ports used on many
computers.
The SDM terminals adjacent to the serial port
allow connection to Synchronous Device for
Measurement (SDM) peripherals. These
peripherals include the SDM-INT8 Interval
Timer, the SDM-SW8A Switch Closure Module,
the SDM-CD16AC AC/DC Controller, and the
SDM-OBDII Engine Controller Interface.
709 512K MEMORY CARD: This card
provides RAM storage for an additional 262,126
Final Data values. Only one 709 card may be
installed.
OV1.2 720 I/O MODULE
The processor card provides regulated power
for analog and digital functions from the
unregulated 12 volt supply. The analog
interface card contains a 16-bit A/D-D/A
converter, and a precision voltage reference.
The standard I/O Module contains slots for 7 I/O
Cards; the expanded Model 720XL contains 14
slots. All input and output connections to the
I/O module are transient protected with spark
gaps.
voltage with respect to the CR7 ground. Singleended channels are numbered sequentially,
e.g., the HI and LOW sides of differential
channels 2 are single-ended channels 3 and 4,
respectively (Section 13.2).
724 PULSE COUNTER CARD: Provides 4
pulse counting channels for switch closures, low
level AC cycles, or high frequency pulse signals.
725 EXCITATION CARD: There are 8
switched analog excitation channels. These
supply programmable excitation voltages for
resistive bridge measurements. The excitation
channels are only switched on during the
measurement. Only one is on at a time.
The two Continuous Analog Output (CAO)
channels supply continuous output voltages,
under program control, for use with strip charts,
X-Y plotters, or proportional controllers.
The 8 Digital Control Ports (0 or 5 volt states)
allow on-off control of external devices. These
control ports have a very limited current output
(5mA) and are used to switch solid state
devices which in turn provide power to relay
coils (Section 14.4).
The +12 volt and ground terminals provide a
direct connection to the CR7 power supply.
723 ANALOG INPUT CARD: Contains 14
differential or 28 single ended inputs. Input
ground terminals connect to a heavy copper
bar, which reduces single ended measurement
offsets to less than 5µV.
723-T ANALOG INPUT CARD WITH RTD:
Identical to the 723 Card except that a platinum
resistance thermometer is mounted in the
center of the terminal strip. The PRT provides a
reference junction temperature for
thermocouple measurement. The PRT
measurement is accurate to ±0.1oC over a
range of -40oC to +60oC.
The numbering on the terminals refers to the
differential channels; i.e., the voltage on the HI
input is measured with respect to the voltage on
the Low input. When making single-ended
measurements either the HI or the Low channel
may be used independently to measure the
726 50 VOLT ANALOG INPUT CARD:
Provides 8 differential or 16 single ended inputs
for full scale DC ranges of ±50 V and ±15V.
Resolution is 1.66 millivolts on the ±50 V and
0.5 millivolts on the ±15 V range. The common
mode range is ±50 volts.
OV1.3 ENCLOSURES AND CONNECTOR
OPTIONS
ENC-7L ALUMINUM FRAME FOR
LABORATORY ENVIRONMENTS: 17" x 12" x
6"; provides a housing for benchtop use or a
frame for attachment to a wall or a NEMA type
enclosure.
ENC-7F ENVIRONMENTALLY SEALED
FIBERGLASS ENCLOSURE: 20" x 13" x 10";
housing for harsh environments. Sensor leads
enter via two ports fitted with 0.75" conduit
bushings, and plugged with removable
stoppers. The 1.040" hole size accommodates
#14 shell size circular connectors.
OV-2
CR7 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEM OVERVIEW
CR7
RELIEF VALVE
N
TTO
U
SS B
E
E
R
CAUTION
PR
SE
FO
A
E
B
C
G
IN
K
C
LO
N
U
FIGURE OV1-1. CR7 Measurement and Control System
OV2. MEMORY AND PROGRAMMING
CONCEPTS
The CR7 must be programmed before it will
make any measurements. A program consists
of a group of instructions entered into a program
table. The program table is given an execution
interval which determines how frequently that
table is executed. When the table is executed,
the instructions are executed in sequence from
beginning to end. After executing the table, the
CR7 waits the remainder of the execution
interval and then executes the table again
starting at the beginning.
The interval at which the table is executed will
generally determine the interval at which the
sensors are measured. The interval at which
data are stored is separate and may range from
samples every execution interval to processed
summaries output hourly, daily, or on longer or
irregular intervals.
Figure OV2-1 represents the measurement,
processing, and data storage sequence in the
CR7 and shows the types of instructions used
to accomplish these tasks.
OV2.1 INTERNAL MEMORY
The CR7 has 40,960 bytes of Random Access
Memory (RAM), divided into five areas. The
five areas of RAM are:
1. Input Storage - Input Storage holds the
results of measurements or calculations.
The *6 Mode is used to view Input Storage
locations to check current sensor readings
or calculated values. Input Storage defaults
to 28 locations. Additional locations can be
assigned using the *A Mode.
2. Intermediate Storage - Certain Processing
Instructions and most of the Output
Processing Instructions maintain
intermediate results in Intermediate
Storage. Intermediate storage is
automatically accessed by the Instructions
and cannot be accessed by the user. The
default allocation is 64 locations. The
number of locations can be changed using
the *A Mode.
OV-3
CR7 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEM OVERVIEW
ANALOG IPUTS
Input/Output Inst ruc tions
1. Volt (SE)
2. Volt (DIFF)
4. Ex-Del-Se
5. AC Half Br
6. Full Br
7. 3W Half Br
9. Full Br-Mex
11. Temp (107)
12. RH-(07)
13. Temp-TC SE
14. Temp-TC DIFF
17. Temp-Panel
+12
RTD
SDM PORTS
101 SDM-INT8
102 SDM-SW8
103 SDM-AO4
104 SDM-CD16
113 SDM-SIO4
115 Set SDM Clock
118 SDM-OBDII
720 I/O MODULE
ANALOG INTERFACE
H
726
50 VOLT INPUT
1234
H H H H
123456 7891011121314
HL HL HL HL HL HL HL HL HL HL HL HL HL HL
L1H L2H L3H L4H L5H L6H L7H L
724 PULSE COUNTER
MADE IN USA
8
CS I/O PORT
Telecommunications
Program Control Instructions
96 (Storage Module, Printer)
97 Initiate Telecommunications
98 Print Character
700X CONTROL MODULE
CAMPBELL
SCIENTIFIC
LOGAN, UTAH
INC.
1
CR7 MEASUREMENT & CONTROL SYSTEM
2
I. D.
3
DATA
C3C2C1
+12
SDM
SERIAL I/O
PULSE INPUTS
Input/Output Inst ruc tions
3. Pulse
SWITCHED ANALOG OUT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2
EXCITATION OUTPUTS
Input/Output Inst ruc tions
4. Ex-Del-Se
5. AC Half Br
6. Full Br
7. 3W Half Br
9. Full Br-Mex
11. Temp (107)
12. RH (207)
22. Excit-Del
CONTINUOUS ANALOG OUT
725
EXCITATION
DIGITAL CONTROL OUT
1234 5678
CAO
21ANALOG OUT
4
ON
OFF
AUX.
POWER
CONTROL PORTS
Input/Output Inst ruc tions
20 Set Port
Program Control Instructions
83 If Case < F
86 Do
88 If x < = > y
89 If x < = > f
91 If flag, port
92 If Time
Command Codes:
4x Set port x high
5x Set port x low
6x Toggle port x
7x Puls e port x
123A
456B
789C
0#D
*
MADE IN USA
OV-4
FIGURE OV1-2. CR7 Wiring Panel and Associated Programming Instructions
CR7 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEM OVERVIEW
INPUT/OUTPUT
INSTRUCTIONS
Specify the conversion of a sensor signal
to a data value and store it in Input
Storage. Programmable entries specify:
(1) the measurement type
(2) the number of channels to measure
(3) the input voltage range
(4) the Input Storage Location
(5) the sensor calibration constants
used to convert the sensor output to
engineering units
I/O Instructions also control analog
outputs and digital control ports.
INPUT STORAGE
Holds the results of measurements or
calculations in user specified locations.
The value in a location is written over
each time a new measurement or
calculation stores data to the locations.
PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS
Perform calculations with values in Input
Storage. Results are returned to Input
Storage. Arithmetic, transcendental and
polynomial functions are included.
OUTPUT PROCESSING
INSTRUCTIONS
Perform calculations over time on the
values updated in Input Storage.
Summaries for Final Storage are
generated when a Program Control
Instruction sets the Output Flag in
response to time or events. Results
may be redirected to Input Storage for
further processing. Examples include
sums, averages, max/min, standard
deviation, histograms, etc.
Output Flag set high
FINAL STORAGE
Final results from OUTPUT
PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS are
stored here for on-line or interrogated
transfer to external devices (Figure
OV5.1-1). When memory is full, new
data overwrites the oldest data.
FIGURE OV2-1. Instruction Types and Storage Areas
INTERMEDIATE STORAGE
Provides temporary storage for
intermediate calculations required by the
OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS;
for example, sums, cross products,
comparative values, etc.
OV-5
CR7 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEM OVERVIEW
3. Final Storage - Final, processed values are
stored here for transfer to printer, solid state
Storage Module or for retrieval via
telecommunication links. Values are stored
in Final Storage only by the Output
Processing Instructions and only when the
Output Flag is set in the users program.
The 18,336 locations allocated to Final
Storage at power up is reduced if Input or
Intermediate Storage is increased.
4. System Memory - used for overhead tasks
such as compiling programs, transferring
data, etc. The user cannot access this
memory.
5. Program Memory - available for user
programs entered in Program Tables 1 and
2, and Subroutine Table 3. (Sections OV3,
1.1)
The use of the Input, Intermediate, and Final
Storage in the measurement and data
processing sequence is shown in Figure OV2-1.
While the total size of these three areas
remains constant, memory may be reallocated
between the areas to accommodate different
measurement and processing needs (*A Mode,
Section 1.5). The size of system and program
memory are fixed.
3. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS
(69-82, Section 11) are the only
instructions which store data in Final
Storage (destination). Input Storage
(source) values are processed over time to
obtain averages, maxima, minima, etc.
There are two types of processing done by
Output Instructions: Intermediate and Final.
Intermediate processing normally takes
place each time the instruction is executed.
For example, when the Average Instruction
is executed, it adds the values from the
input locations being averaged to running
totals in Intermediate Storage. It also keeps
track of the number of samples.
Final processing occurs only when the
Output Flag is high. The Output Processing
Instructions check the Output Flag. If the
flag is high, final values are calculated and
output. With the Average, accumulated
totals are divided by the number of samples
and the resulting averages sent to Final
Storage. Intermediate locations are zeroed
and the process starts over. The Output
Flag, Flag 0, is set high by a Program
Control Instruction which must precede the
Output Processing Instructions in the user
entered program.
OV2.2 CR7 INSTRUCTION TYPES
Figure OV2.1 illustrates the use of the three
different instruction types which act on data.
The fourth type, Program Control, is used to
control output times and vary program
execution. Instructions are identified by
numbers.
1. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS (126,101-104, Section 9) control the terminal
strip inputs and outputs (the sensor is the
source, Figure OV1-2), storing the results in
Input Storage (destination). Multiplier and
offset parameters allow conversion of linear
signals into engineering units. The Control
Ports and Continuous Analog Outputs are
also addressed with I/O Instructions.
2. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS (30-66,
Section 10) perform numerical operations
on values located in Input Storage (source)
and store the results back in Input Storage
(destination). These instructions can be
used to develop high level algorithms to
process measurements prior to Output
Processing (Section 10).
4. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS
(85-98, Section 12) are used for logic
decisions and conditional statements. They
can set flags, compare values or times,
execute loops, call subroutines,
conditionally execute portions of the
program, etc.
OV2.3 PROGRAM TABLES AND THE
EXECUTION AND OUTPUT INTERVALS
Programs are entered in Tables 1 and 2.
Subroutines, called from Tables 1 and 2, are
entered in Subroutine Table 3. The size of each
table is flexible, limited only by the total amount
of program memory. If Table 1 is the only table
programmed, the entire program memory is
available for Table 1.
Table 1 and Table 2 have independent
execution intervals, entered in units of seconds
with an allowable range of 0.0125 to 6553
seconds. Intervals shorter than 0.1 seconds are
allowed only in Table 1. Subroutine Table 3 has
no execution interval; subroutines are only
executed when called from Table 1 or 2.
OV-6
CR7 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Table 1.
Execute every x sec.
0.0125 < x < 6553
Instructions are executed
sequentially in the order they
are entered in the table. One
complete pass through the table
is made each execution interval
unless program control
instructions are used to loop or
branch execution.
Normal Order:
MEASURE
PROCESS
CHECK OUTPUT COND.
OUTPUT PROCESSING
FIGURE OV2-2. Program and Subroutine Tables
OV2.3.1 THE EXECUTION INTERVAL
The execution interval specifies how often the
program in the table is executed, which is
usually determined by how often the sensors
are to be measured. Unless two different
measurement rates are needed, use only one
table. A program table is executed sequentially
starting with the first instruction in the table and
proceeding to the end of the table.
Each instruction in the table requires a finite
time to execute. If the execution interval is less
than the time required to process the table, the
CR7 overruns the execution interval, finishes
processing the table and waits for the next
execution interval before initiating the table.
When an overrun occurs, decimal points are
shown on either side of the G on the display in
the LOG mode (*0). Overruns and table priority
are discussed in Section 1.1.
Table 2.
Execute every y sec.
0.1 < y < 6553
Table 2 is used if there is a
need to measure and process
data on a separate interval from
that in Table 1.
Table 3.
Subroutines
A subroutine is executed only
when called from Table 1 or 2.
Subroutine Label
Instructions
End
Subroutine Label
Instructions
End
Subroutine Label
Instructions
End
OV2.3.2 THE OUTPUT INTERVAL
The interval at which output occurs is
independent from the execution interval, other
than the fact that it must occur when the table is
executed (i.e., a table cannot have a 10 minute
execution interval and output every 15 minutes).
A single program table can have many different
output intervals and conditions, each with a unique
data set (output array). Program Control
Instructions are used to set the Output Flag which
determines when output occurs. The Output
Processing Instructions which follow the instruction
setting the Output Flag determine the data output
and its sequence. Each additional output array is
created by another Program Control Instruction
setting the Output Flag high in response to an
output condition, followed by Output Processing
Instructions defining the data set to output.
OV3. PROGRAMMING THE CR7
A program is created by keying it directly into
the datalogger or on a PC using the PC208 or
PC208W Datalogger Support Software program
EDLOG. This manual describes direct
interaction with the CR7. Work through the
direct programming examples in this overview
before using EDLOG and you will have the
basics of CR7 operation as well as an
appreciation for the help provided by the
software. Section OV3.5 describes options for
loading the program into the CR7.
OV-7
CR7 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEM OVERVIEW
OV3.1 FUNCTIONAL MODES
User interaction with the CR7 is broken into
different functional MODES, (e.g., programming
the measurements and output, setting time,
manually initiating a block data transfer to
Storage Module, etc.). The modes are referred
to as Star (*) Modes since they are accessed by
first keying *, then the mode number or letter.
Table OV3.1 lists the CR7 Modes.
TABLE OV3-1. * Mode Summary
Key Mode
*0 LOG data and indicate active Tables
*1 Program Table 1
*2 Program Table 2
*3 Program Table 3, subroutines only
*4 Enable/disable printer output
*5 Display/set real time clock
*6 Display/alter Input Storage data, toggle
flags
*7 Display Final Storage data
*8 Final Storage data transfer to cassette
tape
*9 Final Storage data transfer to printer
*A Memory allocation/reset
*B Signature test/PROM version
*C Security
*D Save/load Program
TABLE OV3-2. Key Description/Editing
Functions
Key Action
0-9 Key numeric entries into display
* Enter Mode (followed by Mode Number)
A Enter/Advance
B Back up
C Change the sign of a number or index
an input location to loop counter
D Enter the decimal point
# Clear the rightmost digit keyed into the
display
#A Advance to next instruction in program
table (*1, *2, *3) or to next output array
in Final Storage (*7)
#B Back up to previous instruction in
program table or to previous output
array in Final Storage
#D Delete entire instruction
OV3.3 PROGRAMMING SEQUENCE
In routine applications, sensor signals are
measured, processed over some time interval,
and the results are stored in Final Storage. A
generalized programming sequence is:
1. Enter the execution interval, determined by
the desired sensor scan rate.
OV3.2 KEY DEFINITION
Keys and key sequences have specific
functions when using the CR7 keyboard or a
terminal/computer in the remote keyboard state
(Section 5). Table OV3.2 lists these functions.
In some cases, the exact action of a key
depends on the mode the CR7 is in and is
described with the mode in the manual.
2. Enter the Input/Output Instructions required
to measure the sensors.
3. Enter any Processing Instructions required
to get the data ready for Output Processing.
4. Enter a Program Control Instruction to test
the output condition and Set the Output
Flag when the condition is met. For
example, use Instruction 92 to output based
on time, 86 to output each time the table is
executed, and 88 or 89 to compare input
values. This instruction must precede the
Output Processing Instructions.
5. Enter the Output Processing Instructions to
store processed data in Final Storage. The
order in which the data are stored is
determined by the order of the Output
Processing Instructions in the table.
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 for output on different
intervals or conditions.
OV-8
CR7 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEM OVERVIEW
OV3.4 INSTRUCTION FORMAT
Instructions are identified by an instruction
number. Each instruction has a number of
parameters that give the CR7 the information it
needs to execute the instruction.
The CR7 Prompt Sheet has the instruction
numbers in red, with the parameters briefly
listed in columns following the description.
Some parameters are footnoted with further
description under the "Instruction Option Codes"
heading.
For example, Instruction 73 stores the
maximum value that occurred in an Input
Storage Location over the output interval. The
instruction has three parameters (1)
REPetitionS, the number of sequential Input
Storage locations on which to find maxima, (2)
TIME, an option of storing the time of
occurrence with the maximum value, and (3)
LOC the first Input Storage Location operated
on by the Maximum Instruction. The codes for
the TIME parameter are listed in the "Instruction
Option Codes".
The repetitions parameter specifies how many
times an instruction's function is to be repeated.
For example, four 107 thermistor probes, wired
to single-ended channels 1 through 4, are
measured using a single Instruction 11, Temp107, with four repetitions. Parameter 2
specifies the input channel of the first thermistor
(channel 1) and parameter 4 specifies the Input
Storage Location in which to store
measurements from the first thermistor. If
Location 5 were used, the temperature of the
thermistor on channel 1 would be stored in Input
Location 5, the temperature from channel 2 in
Input Location 6, etc.
Detailed descriptions of the instructions are
given in Sections 9-12.
OV3.5 ENTERING A PROGRAM
Programs are entered into the CR7 in one of
four ways:
1. Keyed in using the CR7 keyboard.
b. Stored/loaded from SM192/716 Storage
Module
3. Loaded from Storage Module or internal
PROM (special software) upon power-up.
A program is created by keying it directly into
the datalogger as described in the following
Section, or on a PC using the PC208
Datalogger Support Software.
PC208 Software programs are used to develop
and send programs to the CR7. Program files
developed can be downloaded directly to the
CR7 via direct wire, telephone, or Radio
Frequency (RF).
Programs on disk can be copied to a Storage
Module. Using the *D Mode to save or load a
program from a Storage Module is described in
Section 1.8.
If the SM192/716 Storage Module is connected
when the CR7 is powered-up, the CR7 will
automatically load program number 8, provided
that a program 8 is loaded in the Storage
Module (Section 1.8).
It is also possible (with special software) to
create a PROM (Programmable Read Only
Memory) that contains a datalogger program.
With this PROM installed in the datalogger, the
program will automatically be loaded and run
when the datalogger is powered-up, requiring
only that the clock be set.
OV4. PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE
The best way to become acquainted with the
CR7 is to program it and make some
measurements. If your CR7 contains either a
723 or 723-T Analog Input card, a short
copper-constantan thermocouple (TC) should
be connected to channel 5. In this example, you
will program the CR7 to sample the
thermocouple temperature. If you have not
purchased the 723-T with a Resistive
Temperature Device (RTD) to measure the TC
reference junction temperature, a "dummy"
reference temperature will be used.
2. Loaded from a pre-recorded listing using
the *D Mode. There are two types of
storage/input:
a. Stored on disk/sent from computer
(PC208 software).
OV-9
CR7 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Tables OV3-1 and OV3-2 summarize the
Keyboard Commands and Control Modes used
to program the CR7, monitor Input and Final
Storage and control data output to peripherals.
The instructions, and their associated
parameters, are the CR7's programming steps
and are used to build the CR7's program. It is
not necessary to understand all the commands
to proceed with this programming exercise. It is
helpful to find the example's instructions on the
CR7 Prompt Sheet provided with this manual.
As you become familiar with programming the
CR7, you will find that the Prompt Sheet or the
PC208 program EDLOG has all the information
you need to write your program. By following
along on the Prompt Sheet as you proceed with
this exercise, you will learn how to use it to write
your own programs.
OV4.1 MEASUREMENT
To make a thermocouple temperature
measurement, the CR7 must know the
temperature of the reference junction. The CR7
takes the reference temperature, converts it to
the equivalent TC voltage, adds the measured
TC voltage and converts the sum to
temperature through a polynomial fit to the TC
output curve. In this example, the reference
junction is at the Analog Input Card. Its
temperature is measured with Instruction 17,
Panel Temperature. If you have an Analog
Input Card with RTD, check to see which
number is assigned to it. A tag labeled RTD is
on the left hand side and the card number is on
the right hand side of the Analog Input Card. If
the RTD card is not card 1, you must enter the
correct card number as Parameter 1 of
Instruction 17. If you do not have an Analog
Input Card with RTD, you will omit Instruction 17
from the Program and enter a "dummy"
reference temperature after the Program is
compiled.
The thermocouple temperature measurement is
made using Instruction 14 (differential voltage
measurement of TC) on differential channel 5.
When using a copper-constantan
thermocouple, the copper lead is connected to
the high input of a differential channel and the
constantan lead is connected to the low side.
The channel numbering printed on the Analog
Input Cards refers only to differential channels.
Either the high or low side of a differential
channel may be used for single ended
measurements. (Each side is counted when
assigning single ended channel numbers; e.g.,
the high side of differential channel 8 is single
ended channel 15 and the low side is single
ended channel 16).
The first parameter in Instruction 14 is the
number of times to repeat the measurement: 1
is entered because only one thermocouple is
measured. If more thermocouple
measurements were desired, the copper leads
would be connected to the high sides of
consecutive differential channels, the
constantan leads to the low sides and the
number of repetitions entered in Parameter 1
would equal the number of thermocouples.
Parameter 2 is the voltage range to use when
making the measurement. The output of a
copper-constantan thermocouple is
approximately 40 microvolts per oC difference
in temperature between the two junctions. The
+5000 uV scale will provide a range of +5000/40
= +125 oC (i.e., this scale will not overrange as
long as the measuring junction is within 125 oC
of the panel temperature). The resolution of the
+5000 uV range is 166 nV or 0.004 oC.
Parameter 3 is the Input Card number and
Parameter 4 is the channel on which to make
the first measurement. If more than one
thermocouple is measured, the CR7 will
automatically advance through the channels
and on to the next card if necessary. Similarly,
Parameter 7 is the Input Storage Location in
which to store the first measurement; e.g., if
there are five repetitions and the first
measurement is stored in location 3, the final
measurement will be stored in location 7.
Parameter 6 is the Input Storage location in
which the reference temperature is stored, and
Parameters 8 and 9 are the multiplier and offset
to apply to the temperature value. A multiplier of
1 and an offset of 0 give the result in oC, a
multiplier of 1.8 and an offset of 32 give the
result in oF.
Now that you have some idea of what you are
telling the CR7 by entering the parameters, we
will proceed with programming the CR7.
OV-10
CR7 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEM OVERVIEW
TABLE OV4-1. Thermocouple Measurement Programming Example
TURN ON THE POWER SWITCH AND PROCEED AS FOLLOWS:
Display
ID:Data Key
HELLO 01
00:00
01:0.0000
01:P00
01:00
02:0000
02:P00
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:0000
07:0000
08: 0.0000
09: 0.0000
03:P00
17
14
Display
ID:Data Key Description
:0064
1
01:00
2
01:2
-------Users without RTD omit next Instruction------
01:P17
1
01:1
1
02:1
-------Users without RTD continue here-------
Instruction Location Number will be 1 less (i.e., 01:P00)
02:P14
1
01:1
2
02:2
1
03:1
5
04:5
1
05:1
1
06:1
2
07:2
1
08:1
09:0.0000
*
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
*
The number after "HELLO" will count up as memory
is checked. If you have a 512K Memory Card, this
can take a long time; key # to abort the test. The
result of the CPU board memory check is then
displayed (Sect. 1.5)
Enter Program Table 1, advance to Execution
Interval
Enter 2 second Execution Interval advance to first
instruction
Measure Panel Temp., advance to first Parameter
RTD in input card #1, if RTD card other than #1,
enter correct card #
Store temp in location 1
TC temp., differential meas.
1 repetition
Range code (5000uV, slow)
Input card #1
Input channel of 1st TC
TC type (copper-constantan)
Reference temp. is in location 1
Store TC temp. in location 2
Multiplier of 1
No offset entered (offset=0), advance to next
instruction
Exit Table 1
00:00
The CR7 is now programmed to measure the thermocouple temperature and to store the result in Input
Storage Location 2. The colon between the ID and Data fields blinks each time Table 1 is executed,
every 2 seconds in this example. If you do not have an RTD, the "reference temperature" is 0.0 and the
value stored in Location 2 is the difference in temperature between the panel and the thermocouple. The
*6 Mode can be used to monitor the values in the Input Storage and to change the value of the dummy
reference temperature.
0
:LOG 1
Enter *0 Mode, compile table
OV-11
CR7 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEM OVERVIEW
TABLE OV4-2. Using *6 Mode to Observe Example TC Measurements
(User with Model 723-T RTD Card)
Display
ID:Data Key
:LOG 1
00:00
Display
ID:Data Key
:LOG 1
:0.0000
00:00
*6
TABLE OV4-3. Using *6 Mode to Observe Example TC Measurements
*6
20
Display
ID:Data Key Description
06:0000
01:21.234
02:22.433
01:21.199
0
:LOG 1
(User with Model 723 Card, No RTD)
Display
ID:Data Key Description
06:0000
01:0.0000
02:2.9533
01:0.0000
:20
01:20.000
02:22.866
0
:LOG 1
A
A
B
*
A
A
B
C
A
A
*
Enter *6 Mode, advance to first location
Panel temp is 21.234 oC, advance to location 2
TC temp is 22.433 oC, backup to location 1
Panel temp is now 21.199 oC
Return to *0 Mode
Enter *6 Mode, advance to first location
Reference temp is 0.0oC, advance to location 2
TC "temp" is 2.9533 C, backup to location 1
Setup to change stored value
Store 20 in location 1
Advance to location 2
The TC temp in location 2 using a reference
temperature of 20
Return to *0 Mode
o
You can advance through Input Storage by
keying in the advance command, A, or backup
by keying in the backup command, B. The Input
Location you are observing is shown on the left
in the display ID field. The temperature data
stored in the Input locations are updated every 2
seconds, each time Table 1 is executed. Verify
this by changing the temperature of the
thermocouple (hold it in your fingers) while
monitoring the proper Input Location.
It is possible to go directly to a specific Input
Storage location by entering the *6 Mode and
keying in the desired location before keying A.
A similar utility is available in other Modes.
OV4.2 OUTPUT
In the following example instructions are
appended to Table 1 to output the time and the
average temperatures to Final Storage every 5
minutes.
OV-12
CR7 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEM OVERVIEW
TABLE OV4-4. Example Programming to Obtain Five Minute Averages
Display
ID:Data Key
00:00
01:00
03:P00
01:0000
02:0000
03:00
04:P00
01:0000
05:P00
01:00
02:0000
06:P00
00:00
05:00
05:0000
05:00:21
13:24:01
: LOG 1
92
10
77
10
71
85
11
1324
Display
ID:Data Key Description
1
3
0
5
2
1
5
: LOG 1
01:00
01:3
03:P92
01:0
02:5
03:10
04:P77
:10
05:P71
01:2
02:1
:00:21:32
05:85
05:11
05:13:24
*
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
*
A
A
A
A
*0
Program Table 1
Advance to 3rd Instruction location (Key in 2 if
Instruction 17 was not entered, Instruction Location
Number will be 1 less than shown in table)
Enter If Time Instruction
Enter 0 minutes into interval
Enter 5 minute time interval
Set output Flag 0
Enter Output Time Instruction
Code for HR:MIN
Enter Average Instruction
2 repetitions
Location of 1st input data to be averaged
Exit Table 1
Enter *5 Mode to set clock (the clock will be running)
Enter Year
Enter Julian day (January 11 assumed in this
example)
Enter Hours:Minutes (24 hour time, 1:24 PM
assumed in this example)
Exit *5 Mode, compile Table 1, commence logging
data
The CR7 is now programmed to sample the panel and thermocouple temperatures every 2 seconds and
to output the time and the average temperatures to Final Storage every 5 minutes. Each Output Array
sent to Final Storage will consist of 4 data values. The first value will be an output identifier which gives
the number of the Table which caused the output, and the instruction location number of the instruction
which set the output flag. The second value will be the time, and the third and fourth values will be the
average temperatures of the I/O Module and the thermocouple. Values stored in Final Storage can be
viewed using the *7 Mode. Table 1.2-5 shows an example of the use of the *7 Mode, it is assumed that
the CR7 has been logging data for 8 minutes since the time was set in the previous example.
OV-13
CR7 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEM OVERVIEW
TABLE OV4-5. Using *7 Mode to View Values in Final Storage
Display
ID:Data Key
:LOG 1
00:00
01:0103.
02:1325.
03:22.57
04:23.43
01:0103.
02:1330.
03:22.61
00:00
OV4.3 EDITING AN EXISTING PROGRAM
When editing an existing program in the CR7,
entering a new instruction inserts the
instruction; entering a new value for an
instruction parameter replaces the previous
value.
To insert an instruction, enter the program table
and advance to the position where the
instruction is to be inserted (i.e., P in the data
portion of the display), key in the instruction
number, and then key A. The new instruction
will be inserted at that point in the table,
advance through and enter the parameters.
The Instruction that was at that point and all
instructions following it will be pushed down to
follow the inserted instruction.
An instruction is deleted by advancing to the
instruction number (P in display) and keying #D
(Table OV3-2).
To change the value entered for a parameter,
advance to parameter and key in the correct
value then key A. Note that the new value is not
entered until A is keyed.
OV4.4 EDLOG PROGRAM LISTING
The examples in the rest of this manual use
program listings generated by EDLOG, the
datalogger Program Editor for the PC
(PC208(W) Software). The EDLOG listing does
not show the CR7 display or the "A" keystrokes
used to enter data. The EDLOG listing for the
previous example is given in Table OV4-6.
Display
ID:Data Key Description
7007:9.0000
:LOG 1
*
A
Enter *7 Mode. The DSP is at Final Storage location 9,
advance to first data value
A
Output identifier: users who did not enter Instruction 17 will
see 01: 0102 because the output flag is set by the second
instruction in Table 1
A
Time
A
Average panel temp for readings between 1:24 and 1:25 P.M.
A
Average thermocouple temp.
A
Output identifier
A
Time
*
Average panel temp for readings between 1:25 and 1:30 P.M.
Enter *0 Mode
TABLE OV4-6. EDLOG Listing of Example
Program
* 1 Table 1 Programs
01: 2 Sec. Execution Interval
01: P17 Panel Temperature
01: 1 IN Card
02: 1 Loc :
02: P14 Thermocouple Temp (DIFF)
01: 1 Rep
02: 2 5000 uV slow Range
03: 1 IN Card
04: 5 IN Chan
05: 1 Type T (Copper-Constantan)
06: 1 Ref Temp Loc
07: 2 Loc [:TC Temp ]
08: 1 Mult
09: 0 Offset
03: P92 If time is
01: 0 minutes into a
02: 5 minute interval
03: 10 Set high Flag 0 (output)
04: P77 Real Time
01: 10 Hour-Minute
05: P71 Average
01: 2 Reps
02: 1 Loc
OV-14
CR7 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEM OVERVIEW
OV5. DATA RETRIEVAL OPTIONS
There are several options for data storage and
retrieval. These options are covered in detail in
Sections 2, 4, and 5. Figure OV5-1
summarizes the various possible methods.
Regardless of the method used, there are three
general approaches to retrieving data from a
datalogger.
1. On-line output of Final Storage data to a
peripheral storage device. On a regular
schedule, that storage device is brought
back to the office/lab where the data is
transferred to the computer. Another
storage device is usually taken into the field
and exchanged for the one which is
retrieved so that data collection can
continue uninterrupted.
2. Bring a storage device to the datalogger
and transfer all the data that has
accumulated in Final Storage since the last
visit.
3. Retrieve the data over some form of
telecommunications link, that is, Radio
Frequency (RF), telephone, short haul
modem, multi-drop interface, or satellite.
The PC208 software automates this
process.
Regardless of which method is used, the
retrieval of data from the datalogger does NOT
erase those data from Final Storage. The data
remain in the ring memory until:
• they are written over by new data
(Section 2.1)
• memory is reallocated (Section 1.5)
• the power to the datalogger is turned
off.
Table OV5-1 lists the instructions used with the
various methods of data retrieval.
TABLE OV5-1. Data Retrie val Methods and Related Instructions
Storage Printer, other Telecommunications
Module Serial Device
Inst. 96, Inst. 96, 98 Inst. 97
*4 *4
*9 *9 (Telecommunications Commands)
*D *D
TABLE OV5-2. Data Retrieval Sections in Manual
Topic Section in Manual
Instr. 96 4.1, 12
Instr. 97 12
*4 4.1
*8 4.2
*9 4.2
*D 1.8
Storage Module 4.3
Telecommunications 5
(RF, Phone, Short Haul, SC32A)
OV-15
CR7 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEM OVERVIEW
+12
720 I/O MODULE
ANALOG INTERFACE
H
726
50 VOLT INPUT
1234
H H H H
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
HL HL HL HLHL HL HLHL HLHL HLHL HL HL
RTD
SWITCHED ANALOG OUT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2
L1HL2HL3HL4HL5HL6HL7HL
724 PULSE COUNTER
CONTINUOUS ANALOG OUT
725
EXCITATION
700X CONTROL MODULE
MADE IN USA
CAMPBELL
SCIENTIFIC
LOGAN, UTAH
INC.
SERIAL I/O
8
1
CR7 MEASUREMENT & CONTROL SYSTEM
2
I. D.
DATA
3
DIGITAL CONTROL OUT
1234 5678
4
123A
456B
789C
0#D
*
ON
AUX.
POWER
OFF
MADE IN USA
Display
Storage
Module
Storage
Module
RS-232
Interface
Card Storage
Module
Multidrop
Modem
Shorthaul
Modem
RF Modem Phone
Transceiver
Card Storage
Module
RS-232
Interface
Direct
RS-232
Interface
Multidrop
Modem
RS-232
Interface
Logger Time 00:03:54
= Graph enter/exit
G
= Re-scale
R
Flags
= Incr. auto exponent
+
Ports
= Decr. auto exponent
-
H=Help
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Shorthaul
Modem
V = View save to file
F1. . F8 = Toggle flags
P1. . P6 = Toggle ports
C = Collect data
SOLAR
1:
TEMP C
2:
RH %
3:
Scale = Auto
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
Transceiver
RF Base
Station
FIGURE OV5-1. Data Retrieval Hardware Options
Modem
Phone
Modem
Satellite
Interface
Satellite
Ground
Station
OV-16
OV6. SPECIFICATIONS
Electrical specifications are valid for over a -25° to +50°C range unless otherwise specified.
CR7 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Analog Inputs
(723T or 723 Card specifications below;
726 ±50 V Card specifications discussed in
System Description
Voltage Measurement Types: Single-ended or
differential.
Range and Resolution: Ranges are software
selectable on any input channel.
Full Scale Resolution
Input Range (mV) Differential Single-ended
±5000 166 µV 333 µV
±1500 50 µV 100 µV
±500 16.6 µV 33.3 µV
±150 5 µV10µV
±50 1.66 µV 3.33 µV
±15 500 nV 1000 nV
±5 166 nV 333 nV
±1.5 50 nV 100 nV
Accuracy of Voltage Measurements:
Differential: ±0.02% FSR (±0.01%, 0-40°C)
(e.g. ±0.02% FSR = ±2.0 mV for ±5 V range)
Positive single-ended: ±0.02% FSR
(±0.01%, 0-40°C) ±5 µV
Negative single-ended: ±0.03% FSR
(±0.015%, 0-40°C) ±5 µV
Input Sample Rates: Fast A/D conversions are
integrated over 250 µs. Slow A/D conversions
are integrated over 16.67 ms for 60 Hz AC
rejection or optionally, 20.0 ms for 50 Hz AC
rejection. Differential measurements include
two conversions, one with reversed input polarity, to reduce thermal offset and common mode
errors. The following intervals do not include
the self-calibration measurement which occurs
once per instruction.
Fast Single-ended 2.9 350
Fast Differential 4.7 250
Slow Single-ended 22.0 43
Slow Differential 43.0 30
Fast Differential (TC) 7.9 250
Common Mode Range: ±5 V
Common Mode Rejection: > 140 dB (DC to 100 Hz)
Normal Mode Rejection: 70 dB (60 Hz with
slow differential measurement)
Input Current: 100 pA max
Input Current Noise: 9 pA RMS (slow differential)
Input Resistance: 2.5 GΩ typical
Sustained Input Voltage without Damage:
≤ ±16 VDC
)
Input sample Typical input
rates noise
ms/channel nV/RMS
Pulse Counters
(724 Card)
Pulse Counters per Card: 4
Maximum Counts per Interval: 32,767 (with
overrange detection)
Modes: Programmable modes are switch
closure, high frequency pulse, and low level AC.
Switch Closure Mode
Minimum Switch Closed Time:1 ms
Minimum Switch Open Time:4 ms
Maximum Bounce Time:1.4 ms open without
being counted.
High Frequency Pulse Mode
Minimum Pulse Width: 2 µs
Maximum Input Frequency: 250 kHz
Voltage Thresholds: The count is incremented
when the input voltage changes from below
1.5 V to above 3.5 V.
Maximum Input Voltage: ±20 V
Low Level AC Mode
This mode is used for counting the frequency
of low voltage, sine wave signals.
Input Hysteresis: 11 mV
Maximum AC Input Voltage (RMS): 20 V
Frequency Range:
Minimum AC Input Voltage Range (Hz)
(mV RMS)
15 1 to 100
25 1 to 1,000
50 1 to 3,000
160 1 to 10,000
Digital Control Outputs
(725 Card)
Each card includes 8 digital control outputs.
Output Voltages (no load):
High: 5.0 V ±0.1 V
Low: < 0.1 V
Output Resistance: 400 Ω
Analog Outputs
(725 Card)
Each card contains 8 switched and 2 continuous
analog outputs.
Switched: Provides a precision voltage for
resistance measurement, then switches off
(high impedance). Only one switched output
can be active at a time.
Continuous: A preset voltage is held until
updated. Voltage degrades 0.17 mV every 7
seconds. All continuous analog outputs (and
digital control ports) can be active simultaneously.
Range: ±5 V
Resolution: 166 µV
Accuracy: Same as voltage measurements.
Output Current: 25 mA at ±5 V, 50 mA at ±2 V
Resistance and Conductivity
Measurements
(Combination of 723 and 725 Cards)
Accuracy: ±0.01% of full scale bridge output
provided the matching bridge resistors are not
the limiting factor.
Measurement Types: 6-wire and 4-wire full
bridge, 4-wire, 3-wire, and 2-wire half bridges.
High accuracy, low impedance bridge
measurements are made ratiometrically with
dual polarity measurements of excitation and
output to eliminate thermal emfs. AC resistance and conductivity measurements use a
750 µs excitation pulse with the signal integration occurring over the last 250 µs. An equal
duration pulse of opposite polarity is applied
for ionic depolarization.
Transient Protection
All input and output connections to the I/O
Module are protected using spark gaps that
are rated to 10,000 A. The spark gaps are
connected directly to a heavy copper bar on
each input card with no more than 2 inches of
20 AWG copper wire.
Control Module
Processor: Hitachi 6303
Memory: 24K ROM; 40K RAM, 709 Card
provides an additional 512K RAM.
Data Storage: 18.8K values, standard;280K
values, expanded.
Display: 8 digit LCD (0.5” digits).
Peripheral Interface: 9-pin, D-type connector
on the Control Module panel for connection to
storage module, card storage module,
multidrop interface, modem, printer, or RS-232
adapter. Baud rates selectable at 300, 1200,
9600, and 76,800.
I/O Module Interface: Optically isolated current
loops allow connection of up to 4 I/O Modules.
I/O Modules can be separated from the Control
Module by up to 1,000 feet.
Clock Accuracy: ±1 minute per month.
Maximum Program Execution Rate: System
tasks can be initiated in sync with real-time up
to 80 Hz.
System Power Requirements
Voltage: 9.6 to 15 VDC
Typical Current Drain: 3.5 - 6 mA (minimum
system) quiescent, 16 mA during processing,
100 mA during analog measurement.
Internal Batteries: Sealed rechargeable with
2.5 Ahr capacity per charge.
Charging Circuit: Requires DC or rectified AC
voltage from 15 to 25 V. Thermal compensation is included to optimize charging voltage
according to ambient temperature.
External Batteries: Any 12 V external battery
can be a primary power source; internal batteries provide a backup while the external
batteries are changed.
Operation from AC Sources: An AC operated
battery charger is included with the enclosure
to maintain full charge on the batteries where
AC power is available. In the event of power
failure, the internal batteries will keep the
system operational for up to 5 days in most
applications.
Physical Specifications
Size: ENC 7L 17” x 12” x 6”
Weight: ~40 lbs (ENC 7F with 700X, 720, &
ENC 7F 20” x 13” x 10”
ENC 7XL 19” x 19” x 10”
seven I/O cards).
Warranty
Three years against defects in materials and
workmanship.
OV-17
CR7 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEM OVERVIEW
This is a blank page.
OV-18
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES
1.1 PROGRAM TABLES - *1, *2, AND *3 MODES
Data acquisition and processing functions are
controlled by instructions contained in program
tables. Programming can be separated into two
tables, each having its own programmable
execution interval. A third table is available for
programming subroutines which may be called
by instructions in Tables 1 or 2 or by a special
interrupt. The *1 and *2 Modes are used to
access Tables 1 and 2. The *3 Mode is used to
access Subroutine Table 3.
When a program table is first entered, the
display shows the table number in the ID Field
and 00 in the Data Field. Press A and the CR7
will advance to the execution interval. If there is
an existing program in the table, enter an
instruction location number prior to A and the
CR7 will advance directly to the instruction (e.g.,
5 will advance to the fifth instruction in the
table).
1.1.1 EXECUTION INTERVAL
The execution interval is entered in units of
seconds as follows:
0.0125 .... 0.1 seconds, in multiples of 0.0125
0.1 .....6553 seconds, in multiples of 0.1 second
Intervals less than 0.1 second are allowed in
Table 1 only. Execution of the table is repeated
at the rate determined by this entry. The table
will not be executed if 0 is entered. Values less
than 0.1 are rounded to the nearest even
multiple of 0.0125. If the Interval is 0.1 or
greater, the CR7 will not allow entry of digits
beyond 0.1.
The rate at which the CR7 can execute a given
table must not be confused with the sample
rates for the measurements contained within
the table. When a table is executed and a
measurement is made, the Control Module
instructs the I/O Module which measurement to
make and how many times to repeat it on
successive channels. The I/O module then
repeats the measurement as fast as possible
and stores the data until the Control Module is
ready for it. The Control Module takes the raw
data and scales it as required by the instruction
initiating the measurement. The next instruction
in the table is not executed until the scaling is
completed. The maximum sample rate for a
measurement is the rate at which the I/O
Module can make a number of measurements
specified by a single input instruction. Because
the sample rate does not include the processing
time required to scale the measurements into
engineer units, the execution time of an
instruction will be greater than the sample rate
for the measurement specified by the
instruction. The execution times for the
instructions are given in Section 3.9.
The throughput rate is the rate at which a
measurement can be made and the resulting
value stored in Final Storage. The maximum
throughput rate for fast single ended
measurements is approximately 310
measurements per second.
If the specified execution interval for a table is
less than the time required to process that
table, the CR7 overruns the execution interval,
finishes processing the table and waits for the
next occurrence of the execution interval before
again initiating the table (i.e., when the
execution interval is up and the table is still
executing, that execution is skipped). Since no
advantage is gained in the rate of execution
with this situation, it should be avoided by
specifying an execution interval adequate for
the table processing time.
NOTE: Whenever an overrun occurs,
decimal points are displayed on both sides
of the sixth digit of the CR7 display (e.g., L
O.G. in the *0 Mode).
When the Output Flag is set high, extra time is
consumed by final output processing. It may
be acceptable if the execution interval is
exceeded at this time. For example, suppose it
is desired to measure every 0.1 seconds and
output processed data every ten minutes. The
table requires less than 0.1 seconds to process
except when output occurs (every 10 minutes).
With final output processing the time required is
one second. With the execution interval set at
0.1 seconds, and a one second lag between
samples once every 10 minutes, 10
measurements out of 6000 (.17%) are missed:
an acceptable statistical error for most
populations.
1-1
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES
1.1.2 SUBROUTINES
Table 3 is used to enter subroutines which may
be called with Program Control Instructions in
Tables 1 and 2 or other subroutines. The group
of instructions which form a subroutine starts
with Instruction 85, Label Subroutine, and ends
with Instruction 95, End. (Section 12)
1.1.3 TABLE PRIORITY/INTERRUPTS
Table 1 execution has priority over Table 2. If
Table 2 is being executed when it is time to
execute Table 1, Table 2 will be interrupted.
After Table 1 is completed, Table 2 resumes at
the point of interruption. If the execution interval
of Table 2 coincides with Table 1, Table 1 will
be executed first, followed by Table 2.
Interrupts by Table 1 are not allowed in the
middle of a measurement or while output to
Final Storage is in process (the Output Flag,
flag 0, is set high). The interrupt occurs as
soon as the measurement is completed or flag
0 is set low.
1.1.4 COMPILING A PROGRAM
1.2 SETTING AND DISPLAYING THE CLOCK - *5 MODE
The *5 Mode is used to display time or change
the year, day of year, or time. When *5 is
pressed, the current time is displayed. The time
parameters displayed in the *5 Mode are given
in Table 1.2-1.
The CR7 powers-up with hours and minutes set
to 0 and the day and year set for the date that
the PROMs were first released by Campbell
Scientific. To set the year, day, or time, enter
the *5 Mode and advance to display the
appropriate value. Key in the desired number
and enter the value by pressing A. When a new
value for hours and minutes is entered, the
seconds are set to zero and current time is
again displayed. To exit the *5 Mode, press *.
When the time is changed, a partial recompile
is done automatically to resynchronize program
execution with real time. The resynchronization
process can change the interval of a pulse rate
measurements for one execution interval as
explained in the PULSE COUNT Instruction 3 in
Section 9.
When a program is entered, or any changes are
made in the *1, *2, *3, *4, *A, or *C Modes, the
program must be compiled before it starts
running. The compile function checks for
programming errors and optimizes program
information for execution. If errors are
detected, the appropriate error codes are
indicated on the Display (Section 3.10).
Compiling occurs when the *0 , *6, or *B Modes
are entered and prior to saving a program listing
in the *D Mode. Compiling only occurs after a
program change has been made; subsequent
use of any of these Modes does not cause
compiling.
Compiling with the *0, *B, or *D Mode sets
all output ports and flags low and resets the
timer (Instruction 26) and all data in Input
and Intermediate Storage to ZERO.
When the *6 Mode is used to compile data
in Input Storage, the state of flags, control
ports, and the timer are UNALTERED.
Compiling always zeros Intermediate
Storage.
TABLE 1.2-1. Sequence of Time Parameters
in *5 Mode
Display
Key ID:DATA Description
*5 :HH:MM:SS Display current time
A 05:XX Display/enter year
A 05:XXXX Displ ay/enter day of y ear
A 05:HH:MM: Display/enter
hours:minutes
1.3 DISPLAYING AND ALTERING INPUT MEMORY OR FLAGS - *6 MODE
The *6 Mode is used to display or change Input
Storage values and to toggle and display user
flags. If the *6 Mode is entered immediately
following any changes in program tables or the
*4 Mode, the programs will be compiled and
execution will begin.
When the *6 Mode is used to compile data
values contained in Input Storage, the state of
flags, control ports, and the timer are
UNALTERED. Compiling always zeros
Intermediate Storage.
1-2
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