2.4.3.2 RS-232, RS-422, RS-485, TTL, and LVTTL ports14
2.4.3.3 SDM ports14
2.4.4 CS I/O port15
2.4.5 RS-232/CPI port16
2.5 Programmable logic control17
3. Setting up the CR619
3.1 Setting up communications with the data logger19
3.1.1 USB or RS-232 communications20
3.1.2 Virtual Ethernet over USB (RNDIS)21
3.1.3 Ethernet communications option22
3.1.3.1 Configuring data logger Ethernet settings23
3.1.3.2 Ethernet LEDs24
Table of Contents - i
3.1.3.3 Setting up Ethernet communications between the data logger and
computer24
3.1.4 Wi-Fi communications option25
3.1.4.1 Configuring the data logger to host a Wi-Fi network25
3.1.4.2 Connecting your computer to the data logger over Wi-Fi26
3.1.4.3 Setting up Wi-Fi communications between the data logger and the data
logger support software26
3.1.4.4 Configuring data loggers to join a Wi-Fi network27
3.1.4.5 Wi-Fi LED indicator28
3.1.5 Radio communications option28
3.1.5.1 Configuration options29
3.1.5.2 RF407-Series radio communications with one or more data loggers30
Configuring the RF407-Series radio30
Setting up communications between the RF407-Series data logger and the
computer31
3.1.5.3 RF407-Series radio communications with multiple data loggers using one
data logger as a router32
Configuring the RF407-Series radio33
Configuring the data logger acting as a router33
Adding routing data logger to LoggerNet network34
Adding leaf data loggers to the network35
Using additional communications methods35
3.1.5.4 RF451 radio communications with one or more dataloggers35
Configuring the RF451 radio connected to the computer36
Configuring slave RF451 dataloggers36
Setting up communications between the RF451 data logger and the computer37
3.1.5.5 RF451 radio communications with multiple dataloggers using one data
logger as a repeater38
Configuring the RF451 radio connected to the computer39
Configuring the data logger acting as a repeater39
Adding the repeater data logger to the LoggerNet network40
Adding leaf dataloggers to the network40
Using additional communication methods41
3.2 Testing communications with EZSetup41
3.3 Making the software connection43
3.4 Creating a Short Cut data logger program43
3.5 Sending a program to the data logger46
Table of Contents - ii
4. Working with data48
4.1 Default data tables48
4.2 Collecting data49
4.2.1 Collecting data using LoggerNet49
4.2.2 Collecting data using PC200W or PC40049
4.3 Viewing historic data50
4.4 Data types and formats50
4.4.1 Variables51
4.4.2 Constants52
4.4.3 Data storage53
4.5 About data tables54
4.5.1 Table definitions54
4.5.1.1 Header rows55
4.5.1.2 Data records56
4.6 Creating data tables in a program57
5. Data memory59
5.1 Data tables59
5.2 Memory allocation59
5.3 SRAM60
5.3.1 USRdrive61
5.4 Flash memory62
5.4.1 CPU drive62
5.5 MicroSD (CRD:drive)62
5.5.1 Formatting microSD cards63
5.5.2 MicroSDcard precautions63
5.5.3 Act LED indicator64
6. Measurements65
6.1 Voltage measurements65
6.1.1 Single-ended measurements66
6.1.2 Differential measurements67
6.1.2.1 Reverse differential67
6.2 Current-loop measurements67
6.2.1 Example Current-Loop Measurement Connections68
6.3 Resistance measurements70
6.3.1 Resistance measurements with voltage excitation71
Table of Contents - iii
6.3.2 Resistance measurements with current excitation73
6.3.3 Strain measurements75
6.3.4 AC excitation77
6.3.5 Accuracy for resistance measurements78
6.4 Period-averaging measurements78
6.5 Pulse measurements79
6.5.1 Low-level AC measurements81
6.5.2 High-frequency measurements81
6.5.2.1 U terminals82
6.5.2.2 C terminals82
6.5.3 Switch-closure and open-collector measurements82
A basic data acquisition system consists of sensors, measurement hardware, and a computer with
programmable software. The objective of a data acquisition system should be high accuracy,
high precision, and resolution as high as appropriate for a given application.
The components of a basic data acquisition system are shown in the following figure.
Following is a list of typical data acquisition system components:
l Sensors - Electronic sensors convert the state of a phenomenon to an electrical signal (see
Sensors (p. 3) for more information).
l Data logger - The data logger measures electrical signals or reads serial characters. It
converts the measurement or reading to engineering units, performs calculations, and
reduces data to statistical values. Data is stored in memory to await transfer to a computer
by way of an external storage device or a communications link.
l Data Retrieval and Communications - Data is copied (not moved) from the data logger,
usually to a computer, by one or more methods using data logger support software. Most
communications options are bi-directional, which allows programs and settings to be sent
1. CR6 data acquisition system components1
to the data logger. For more information, see Sending a program to the data logger (p.
46).
l Datalogger Support Software - Software retrieves data, sends programs, and sets settings.
The software manages the communications link and has options for data display.
l Programmable Logic Control - Some data acquisition systems require the control of
external devices to facilitate a measurement or to control a device based on measurements.
This data logger is adept at programmable logic control. See Programmable logic control
(p. 17) for more information.
lMeasurement and Control Peripherals - Sometimes, system requirements exceed the
capacity of the data logger. The excess can usually be handled by addition of input and
output expansion modules.
1.1 The CR6 Datalogger
The CR6 data logger provides fast communications, low power requirements, built-in USB,
compact size and and high analog input accuracy and resolution. It includes universal (U)
terminals, which allow connection to virtually any sensor - analog, digital, or smart. This
multipurpose data logger is also capable of doing static vibrating-wire measurements.
1.1.1 Overview
The CR6 data logger is the main part of a data acquisition system (see CR6 data acquisition
system components (p. 1) for more information). It has a central-processing unit (CPU), analog
and digital measurement inputs, analog and digital outputs, and memory. An operating system
(firmware) coordinates the functions of these parts in conjunction with the onboard clock and
the CRBasic application program.
The CR6 can simultaneously provide measurement and communications functions. Low power
consumption allows the data logger to operate for extended time on a battery recharged with a
solar panel, eliminating the need for ac power. The CR6 temporarily suspends operations when
primary power drops below 9.6 V, reducing the possibility of inaccurate measurements.
1.1.2 Communications Options
The CR6 can include Wi-Fi or the following radio options for different regions:
l RF407: 900 MHz (United States and Canada)
l RF412: 920 MHz (Australia and New Zealand)
l RF422: 868 MHz (Europe)
l RF451: 900 MHz, 1 Watt (United States, Canada, and Australia)
1. CR6 data acquisition system components2
1.1.3 Operations
The CR6 measures almost any sensor with an electrical response, drives direct communications
and telecommunications, reduces data to statistical values, performs calculations, and controls
external devices. After measurements are made, data is stored in onboard, nonvolatile memory.
Because most applications do not require that every measurement be recorded, the program
usually combines several measurements into computational or statistical summaries, such as
averages and standard deviations.
1.1.4 Programs
A program directs the data logger on how and when sensors are measured, calculations are
made, data is stored, and devices are controlled. The application program for the CR6 is written
in CRBasic, a programming language that includes measurement, data processing, and analysis
routines, as well as the standard BASIC instruction set. For simple applications, Short Cut, a userfriendly program generator, can be used to generate the program. For more demanding
programs, use the full featured CRBasic Editor.
Programs are run by the CR6 in either sequential mode or pipeline mode. In sequential mode,
each instruction is executed sequentially in the order it appears in the program. In pipeline
mode, the CR6 determines the order of instruction execution to maximize efficiency.
1.2 Sensors
Sensors transduce phenomena into measurable electrical forms by modulating voltage, current,
resistance, status, or pulse output signals. Suitable sensors do this with accuracy and precision.
Smart sensors have internal measurement and processing components and simply output a
digital value in binary, hexadecimal, or ASCII character form.
Most electronic sensors, regardless of manufacturer, will interface with the data logger. Some
sensors require external signal conditioning. The performance of some sensors is enhanced with
specialized input modules. The data logger, sometimes with the assistance of various peripheral
devices, can measure or read nearly all electronic sensor output types.
The following list may not be comprehensive. A library of sensor manuals and application notes
is available at www.campbellsci.com/support to assist in measuring many sensor types.
l Analog
o
Voltage
o
Current
o
Strain
1. CR6 data acquisition system components3
o
Thermocouple
o
Resistive bridge
l Pulse
o
High frequency
o
Switch-closure
o
Low-level ac
o
Quadrature
l Period average
l Vibrating wire
l Smart sensors
o
SDI-12
o
RS-232
o
Modbus
o
DNP3
o
TCP/IP
o
RS-422
o
RS-485
1. CR6 data acquisition system components4
2. Wiring panel and terminal
functions
The CR6 wiring panel provides ports and removable terminals for connecting sensors, power, and
communications devices. It is protected against surge, over-voltage, over-current, and reverse
power. The wiring panel is the interface to most data logger functions so studying it is a good
way to get acquainted with the data logger. Functions of the terminals are broken down into the
following categories:
l Analog input
l Pulse counting
l Analog output
l Communications
l Digital I/O
l Power input
l Power output
l Power ground
l Signal ground
2. Wiring panel and terminal functions5
Table 2-1: Analog input terminal functions
U1U2U3U4U5U6U7U8U9U10U11U12RG
Single-Ended Voltage✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓
Differential VoltageHLHLHLHLHLHL
Ratiometric/Bridge✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓
Vibrating Wire (Static,
✓✓✓✓✓✓
VSPECT®)
Vibrating Wire with
✓✓✓
Thermistor
Thermistor✓✓✓✓✓✓
Thermocouple✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓
Current Loop✓
Period Average✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓
Table 2-2: Pulse counting terminal functions
U1U2U3U4U5U6U7U8U9U10U11U12C1-C4
Switch-Closure✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓
High Frequency✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓
Low-level Ac✓✓✓✓✓✓
NOTE:
Conflicts can occur when a control port pair is used for different instructions (TimerInput(),
PulseCount(), SDI12Recorder(), WaitDigTrig()). For example, if C1 is used for
SDI12Recorder(), C2 cannot be used for TimerInput(), PulseCount(), or
WaitDigTrig().
Table 2-3: Analog output terminal functions
U1-U12
Switched Voltage Excitation✓
Switched Current Excitation✓
2. Wiring panel and terminal functions6
Table 2-4: Voltage output terminal functions
U1-U12C1-C412VSW12-1SW12-2
3.3 VDC✓✓
5 VDC✓✓
12 VDC✓✓✓
C and even numbered U terminals have limited drive capacity. Voltage levels are configured in pairs.
The data logger requires a power supply. It can receive power from a variety of sources, operate
for several months on non-rechargeable batteries, and supply power to many sensors and
devices. The data logger operates with external power connected to the green BAT and/or CHG
terminals on the face of the wiring panel. The positive power wire connects to +. The negative
wire connects to -. The power terminals are internally protected against polarity reversal and high
voltage transients.
In the field, the data logger can be powered in any of the following ways:
l 10 to 18 VDC applied to the BAT + and – terminals
l 16 to 32 VDC applied to the CHG + and – terminals
To establish an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), connect the primary power source (often a
transformer, power converter, or solar panel) to the CHG terminals and connect a nominal 12
VDC sealed rechargeable lead-acid battery to the BAT terminals. See Power budgeting (p. 130)
for more information. The Status Table ChargeState may display any of the following:
2. Wiring panel and terminal functions8
l No Charge - The charger input voltage is either less than +9.82V±2% or there is no charger
attached to the terminal block.
l Low Charge Input – The charger input voltage is less than the battery voltage.
l Current Limited – The charger input voltage is greater than the battery voltage AND the
battery voltage is less than the optimal charge voltage. For example, on a cloudy day, a
solar panel may not be providing as much current as the charger would like to use.
l Float Charging – The battery voltage is equal to the optimal charge voltage.
l Regulator Fault - The charging regulator is in a fault condition.
WARNING:
Sustained input voltages in excess of 32 VDC on CHGor BAT terminals can damage the
transient voltage suppression.
Ensure that power supply components match the specifications of the device to which they are
connected. When connecting power, switch off the power supply, insert the connector, then turn
the power supply on. See Troubleshooting power supplies (p. 147) for more information.
Following is a list of CR6 power input terminals and the respective power types supported.
l BAT terminals: Voltage input is 10 to 18 VDC. This connection uses the least current since
the internal data logger charging circuit is bypassed. If the voltage on the BAT terminals
exceeds 19 VDC, power is shut off to certain parts of the data logger to prevent damaging
connected sensors or peripherals.
l CHG terminals: Voltage input range is 16 to 32 VDC. Connect a primary power source, such
as a solar panel or VAC-to-VDC transformer, to CHG. The voltage applied to CHG terminals
must be at least 0.3 V higher than that needed to charge a connected battery. When within
the 16 to 32 VDC range, it will be regulated to the optimal charge voltage for a lead acid
battery at the current data logger temperature, with a maximum voltage of approximately
15 VDC. A battery need not be connected to the BAT terminals to supply power to the data
logger through the CHG terminals. The onboard charging regulator is designed for
efficiently charging lead-acid batteries. It will not charge lithium or alkaline batteries.
l USB port: 5 VDC via USB connection. If power is also provided with BAT or CHG, power will
be supplied by whichever has the highest voltage. If USB is the only power source, then the
CS I/O port and the 12V and SW12 terminals will not be operational. When powered by
USB (no other power supplies connected) Status field Battery = 0. Functions that will be
active with a 5 VDC source include sending programs, adjusting data logger settings, and
making some measurements.
2. Wiring panel and terminal functions9
NOTE:
The Status field Battery value and the destination variable from the Battery() instruction
(often called batt_volt or BattV) in the Public table reference the external battery
voltage. For information about the internal battery, see Internal battery (p. 126).
2.1.1 Powering a data logger with a vehicle
If a data logger is powered by a motor-vehicle power supply, a second power supply may be
needed. When starting the motor of the vehicle, battery voltage often drops below the voltage
required for data logger operation. This may cause the data logger to stop measurements until
the voltage again equals or exceeds the lower limit. A second supply or charge regulator can be
provided to prevent measurement lapses during vehicle starting.
In vehicle applications, the earth ground lug should be firmly attached to the vehicle chassis with
12 AWG wire or larger.
2.1.2 Power LED indicator
When the data logger is powered, the Power LED will turn on according to power and program
states:
l Off: No power, no program running.
l 1 flash every 10 seconds: Powered from BAT, program running.
l 2 flashes every 10 seconds: Powered from CHG, program running.
l 3 flashes every 10 seconds: Powered via USB, program running.
l Always on: Powered, no program running.
2.2 Power output
The data logger can be used as a power source for communications devices, sensors and
peripherals. Take precautions to prevent damage to these external devices due to over- or undervoltage conditions, and to minimize errors. Additionally, exceeding current limits causes voltage
output to become unstable. Voltage should stabilize once current is again reduced to within
stated limits. The following are available:
l 12V: unregulated nominal 12 VDC. This supply closely tracks the primary data logger supply
voltage; so, it may rise above or drop below the power requirement of the sensor or
peripheral. Precautions should be taken to minimize the error associated with
measurement of underpowered sensors.
2. Wiring panel and terminal functions10
l SW12: program-controlled, switched 12 VDC terminals. It is often used to power devices
such as sensors that require 12 VDC during measurement. Voltage on a SW12 terminal will
change with data logger supply voltage. CRBasic instruction SW12() controls the SW12
terminal. See the CRBasic Editor help for detailed instruction information and program
examples: https://help.campbellsci.com/crbasic/cr6/.
l CS I/O port: used to communicate with and often supply power to Campbell Scientific
peripheral devices.
CAUTION:
Voltage levels at the 12V and switched SW12 terminals, and pin 8 on the CS I/O port, are tied
closely to the voltage levels of the main power supply. Therefore, if the power received at the
POWER IN 12V and G terminals is 16 VDC, the 12V and SW12 terminals and pin 8 on the CS
I/O port will supply 16 VDC to a connected peripheral. The connected peripheral or sensor
may be damaged if it is not designed for that voltage level.
l C or U terminals: can be set low or high as output terminals . With limited drive capacity,
digital output terminals are normally used to operate external relay-driver circuits. Drive
current varies between terminals. See also Digital input/output specifications (p. 232).
l U terminals: can be configured to provide regulated ±2500 mV dc excitation.
See also Power output specifications (p. 223).
2.3 Grounds
Proper grounding lends stability and protection to a data acquisition system. Grounding the data
logger with its peripheral devices and sensors is critical in all applications. Proper grounding will
ensure maximum ESD protection and measurement accuracy. It is the easiest and least expensive
insurance against data loss, and often the most neglected. The following terminals are provided
for connection of sensor and data logger grounds:
l Signal Ground () - reference for single-ended analog inputs, excitation returns, and a
ground for sensor shield wires.
o
6 common terminals
l Power Ground (G) - return for 3.3 V, 5 V, 12 V, U or C terminals configured for control, and
digital sensors. Use of G grounds for these outputs minimizes potentially large current flow
through the analog-voltage-measurement section of the wiring panel, which can cause
single-ended voltage measurement errors.
o
4 common terminals
2. Wiring panel and terminal functions11
l Resistive Ground (RG) - used for non-isolated 0-20 mA and 4-20 mA current loop
measurements (see Current-loop measurements (p. 67) for more information). Also used
for decoupling ground on RS-485 signals. Includes 100 Ω resistance to ground. Maximum
voltage for RG terminal is ±16 V.
o
1 terminal
l
NOTE:
Resistance to ground input for non-isolated 0-20 mA and 4-20 mA current loop
measurements is available in CR6 data loggers with serial numbers 7502 and greater.
These data loggers have two blue stripes on the label.
l Earth Ground Lug () - connection point for heavy-gage earth-ground wire. A good earth
connection is necessary to secure the ground potential of the data logger and shunt
transients away from electronics. Campbell Scientific recommends 14 AWG wire, minimum.
NOTE:
Several ground wires can be connected to the same ground terminal.
A good earth (chassis) ground will minimize damage to the data logger and sensors by providing
a low-resistance path around the system to a point of low potential. Campbell Scientific
recommends that all data loggers be earth grounded. All components of the system (data
loggers, sensors, external power supplies, mounts, housings) should be referenced to one
common earth ground.
In the field, at a minimum, a proper earth ground will consist of a 5-foot copper-sheathed
grounding rod driven into the earth and connected to the large brass ground lug on the wiring
panel with a 14 AWG wire. In low-conductive substrates, such as sand, very dry soil, ice, or rock, a
single ground rod will probably not provide an adequate earth ground. For these situations,
search for published literature on lightning protection or contact a qualified lightning-protection
consultant.
In laboratory applications, locating a stable earth ground is challenging, but still necessary. In
older buildings, new VAC receptacles on older VAC wiring may indicate that a safety ground
exists when, in fact, the socket is not grounded. If a safety ground does exist, good practice
dictates to verify that it carries no current. If the integrity of the VAC power ground is in doubt,
also ground the system through the building plumbing, or use another verified connection to
earth ground.
See also:
l Ground loops (p. 152)
l Minimizing ground potential differences (p. 158)
2. Wiring panel and terminal functions12
2.4 Communications ports
The data logger is equipped with ports that allow communications with other devices and
networks, such as:
l Computers
l Smart sensors
l Modbus and DNP3 networks
l Ethernet
l Modems
l Campbell Scientific PakBus® networks
l Other Campbell Scientific data loggers
Campbell Scientific data logger communications ports include:
l CS I/O
l RS-232/CPI
l USB Device
l Ethernet
l C and U terminals
2.4.1 USB device port
One USB device port supports communicating with a computer through data logger support
software or through virtual Ethernet (RNDIS), and provides 5 VDC power to the data logger
(powering through the USB port has limitations - details are available in the specifications). The
data logger USB device port does not support USBflash or thumb drives. Although the USB
connection supplies 5 V power, a 12 VDC battery will be needed for field deployment.
2.4.2 Ethernet port
The RJ45 10/100 Ethernet port is used for IP communications.
2.4.3 C and U terminals for communications
C and U terminals are configurable for the following communications types:
l SDI-12
l RS-232
l RS-422
l RS-485
l TTL (0 to 5 V)
2. Wiring panel and terminal functions13
l LVTTL (0 to 3.3 V)
l SDM
Some communications types require more than one terminal, and some are only available on
specific terminals. This is shown in the data logger specifications.
2.4.3.1 SDI-12 ports
SDI-12 is a 1200 baud protocol that supports many smart sensors. C1, C3, U1, U3, U5, U7, U9, and
U11 can each be configured as SDI-12 ports. Maximum cable lengths depend on the number of
sensors connected, the type of cable used, and the environment of the application. Refer to the
sensor manual for guidance.
For more information, see SDI-12 communications (p. 111).
2.4.3.2 RS-232, RS-422, RS-485, TTL, and LVTTL ports
RS-232, RS-422, RS-485, TTL, and LVTTL communications are typically used for the following:
l Reading sensors with serial output
l Creating a multi-drop network
l Communications with other data loggers or devices over long cables
Configure C or U terminals as serial ports using Device Configuration Utility or by using the
SerialOpen() CRBasic instruction. C and U terminals are configured in pairs for TTL and
LVTTL communications, and C terminals are configured in pairs for RS-232 or half-duplex RS-422
and RS-485. For full-duplex RS-422 and RS-485, all four C terminals are required. See also
Communications protocols (p. 91).
NOTE:
RS-232 ports are not isolated.
2.4.3.3 SDM ports
SDM is a protocol proprietary to Campbell Scientific that supports several Campbell Scientific
digital sensor and communications input and output expansion peripherals and select smart
sensors. It uses a common bus and addresses each node. CRBasic SDM device and sensor
instructions configure terminals C1, C2, and C3 together to create an SDM port. Alternatively,
terminals U1, U2, and U3; U5, U6, and U7; or U9, U10, and U11 can be configured together to be
used as SDM ports by using the SDMBeginPort() instruction.
See also Communications specifications (p. 234).
2. Wiring panel and terminal functions14
2.4.4 CS I/O port
One nine-pin port, labeled CS I/O, is available for communicating with a computer through
Campbell Scientific communications interfaces, modems, and peripherals. Campbell Scientific
recommends keeping CS I/O cables short (maximum of a few feet). See also Communications
specifications (p. 234).
Table 2-7: CS I/O pinout
Pin
Function
Number
15 VDCO5 VDC: sources 5 VDC, used to power peripherals.
2SG
3RINGI
4RXDI
5MEO
6SDEO
7CLK/HSI/O
Input(I)
Description
Output(O)
Signal ground: provides a power return for pin 1 (5V),
and is used as a reference for voltage levels.
Ring: raised by a peripheral to put the CR6 in the
telecom mode.
Receive data: serial data transmitted by a peripheral are
received on pin 4.
Modem enable: raised when the CR6 determines that a
modem raised the ring line.
Synchronous device enable: addresses synchronous
devices (SD); used as an enable line for printers.
Clock/handshake: with the SDE and TXD lines addresses
and transfers data to SDs. When not used as a clock, pin
7 can be used as a handshake line; during printer
output, high enables, low disables.
812VDC
9TXDO
Nominal 12 VDC power. Same power as 12V and SW12
terminals.
Transmit data: transmits serial data from the data logger
to peripherals on pin 9; logic-low marking (0V), logichigh spacing (5V), standard-asynchronous ASCII: eight
data bits, no parity, one start bit, one stop bit. User
selectable baud rates: 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600,
19200, 38400, 115200.
2. Wiring panel and terminal functions15
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