Campbell Scientific 27106T User Manual

27106T Gill Propeller

Anemometer

Revision: 2/11

Copyright © 1984-2011

Campbell Scientific, Inc.

Warranty and Assistance

The 27106T GILL PROPELLER ANEMOMETER is warranted by
Campbell Scientific, Inc. to be free from defects in materials and workmanship
under normal use and service for twelve (12) months from date of shipment
unless specified otherwise. Batteries have no warranty. Campbell Scientific,
Inc.'s obligation under this warranty is limited to repairing or replacing (at
Campbell Scientific, Inc.'s option) defective products. The customer shall
assume all costs of removing, reinstalling, and shipping defective products to
Campbell Scientific, Inc. Campbell Scientific, Inc. will return such products
by surface carrier prepaid. This warranty shall not apply to any Campbell
Scientific, Inc. products which have been subjected to modification, misuse,
neglect, accidents of nature, or shipping damage. This warranty is in lieu of all
other warranties, expressed or implied, including warranties of merchantability
or fitness for a particular purpose. Campbell Scientific, Inc. is not liable for
special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages.

Products may not be returned without prior authorization. The following
contact information is for US and International customers residing in countries
served by Campbell Scientific, Inc. directly. Affiliate companies handle
repairs for customers within their territories. Please visit
www.campbellsci.com to determine which Campbell Scientific company
serves your country.

To obtain a Returned Materials Authorization (RMA), contact Campbell
Scientific, Inc., phone [phone]. After an applications engineer
determines the nature of the problem, an RMA number will be issued. Please
write this number clearly on the outside of the shipping container. Campbell
Scientific's shipping address is:

CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.

RMA#_____
815 West 1800 North
Logan, Utah 84321-1784

For all returns, the customer must fill out a “Declaration of Hazardous Material
and Decontamination” form and comply with the requirements specified in it.
The form is available from our website at
completed form must be either emailed to [e-mail]
435-750-9579. Campbell Scientific will not process any returns until we
receive this form. If the form is not received within three days of product
receipt or is incomplete, the product will be returned to the customer at the
customer’s expense. Campbell Scientific reserves the right to refuse service on
products that were exposed to contaminants that may cause health or safety
concerns for our employees.

www.campbellsci.com/repair

. A

or faxed to

27106T Table of Contents

PDF viewers note: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use
the Adobe Acrobat® bookmarks tab for links to specific sections.

1. General Description.....................................................1

2. Specifications ..............................................................1

3. Installation....................................................................2

3.1 Unpack Equipment and Assemble the 27106T.........................................2

3.2 Mounting to Crossarm ..............................................................................3

4. Wiring............................................................................5

5. Programming ...............................................................5

5.1 Wind Speed Multiplier and Offset............................................................5

5.2 Example Programs....................................................................................6

5.2.1 CR1000 Example Program .............................................................6

5.2.2 CR10X Example Program ..............................................................7

6. Sensor Maintenance....................................................8

6.1 Flange Bearing Replacement....................................................................8

6.2 Tach-Generator Replacement ...................................................................9

7. Troubleshooting ........................................................10

8. References .................................................................10

Figures

3-1. 27106T Mounted to a Crossarm via the CM220.....................................4

3-2. 27106T Mounted to a Crossarm via a NU-RAIL Fitting ........................4

Tables

1-1. Recommended Lead Lengths ..................................................................1

4-1. Connections to Campbell Scientific Dataloggers....................................5

5-1. Wind Speed Multiplier ............................................................................6

5-2. Wiring for Example Programs ................................................................6

i

27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer

1. General Description

The 27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer sensor is used to measure vertical
wind speed. Wind speed is measured with a helicoid-shaped, four-blade
propeller. Rotation of the propeller produces an analog voltage signal
proportional to wind speed with polarity determined by the direction of the
wind.

The R.M. Young Instruction Manual includes additional information on the
operating principles, installation and maintenance of the sensor.

Lead length for the 27106T is specified when the sensor is ordered. Table 1-1
gives the recommended lead length for mounting the sensor at the top of the
tripod/tower with a 019ALU or CM200 series crossarm.

TABLE 1-1. Recommended Lead Lengths

CM6 CM10 CM110 CM115 CM120 UT10 UT20 UT30

10’ 13’ 13’ 19’ 24’ 13’ 24’ 34’

The 27106T ships with:

(1) ResourceCD
(1) 1180 Mount

2. Specifications

Range
Axial Flow: 0 to 90 mph (0 to 40 m/s)
All Angles: 0 to 80 mph (0 to 35 m/s)

Threshold Sensitivity*: 0.8 mph (0.4 m/s)

Distance Constant*: <6.9 feet (2.1 m)

Pitch: 11.8 inch (30.0 cm) air passage per

Signal Output: Analog DC Voltage proportional to axial

1800 rpm (500 mV) = 9.0 m/s (20.1 mph)

Operating Temperature: -50° to +50°C

revolution

wind component. Polarity reverses with
reverse rotation.

Propeller Description: 4-blade helicoids propeller molded of

carbon fiber thermoplastic

1

27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer

Dimensions
Overall Length: 17 inch (43 cm)

Propeller Diameter: 8 inch (20 cm)
Housing Diameter: 1 inch (2.5 cm)

1180 Mounting Pipe Description: 12-in. long, 3/4-in. IPS schedule 40 pipe

Weight: 1.2 lbs (0.5 kg)

*Threshold and Distant Constant values are for axial flows.

Manufactured by RM Young (Traverse City, MI) and cabled by Campbell
Scientific for use with our dataloggers.

NOTE

The black outer jacket of the cable is Santoprene
compound was chosen for its resistance to temperature extremes,
moisture, and UV degradation. However, this jacket will
support combustion in air. It is rated as slow burning when
tested according to U.L. 94 H.B. and will pass FMVSS302.
Local fire codes may preclude its use inside buildings.

(1.05 in. OD)

®

rubber. This

3. Installation

3.1 Unpack Equipment and Assemble the 27106T

CAUTION

Upon receipt of your shipment, immediately open the shipping carton and
ensure that you have all of the 27106T’s components.

The shipping carton should include:

• 16” x 2” x 2” box labeled Propeller Anemometer

• 9” x 9” x 2” box labeled Carbon Fiber Propeller

• Cable (routed through the 1180 mounting pipe to mating connector)

• 1180 Mounting Pipe

Make sure that you have removed everything (two boxes,
cable, and mounting pipe) from the shipping carton before
discarding the shipping foam and shipping carton. Foam
included with the shipping carton may conceal items. If an
item listed above is not initially visible, remove the foam
from the shipping carton and thoroughly inspect both sides
of the foam for the item. Immediately contact Campbell
Scientific if any item is missing.

2

Once everything has been retrieved from the shipping carton, assemble the
27106T by doing the following:

1. Remove the propeller shaft from the Propeller Anemometer box

2. Remove the propeller from the Carbon Fiber Propeller box

3. Remove the nut that is on the top of the propeller shaft

4. Place the propeller onto the top of the propeller shaft

5. Replace the nut and tighten to secure the propeller to the shaft

6. Remove the dust cap from the cable’s connector and attach the cable to the

anemometer’s connector

3.2 Mounting to Crossarm

Tools Required:

• 5/32” Allen wrench for the NU-RAIL fitting or ½” open-end wrench for

CM220 Right Angle mount

27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer

• UV resistant cable ties

• small pair of diagonal-cutting pliers

• 6” to 10” torpedo level

This anemometer can be mounted to a CM200-series crossarm or a 019ALU
crossarm. The 1180’s pipe that ships with the 27106 mounts to a CM200
series crossarm via the CM220 (Figure 3-1) or 1049 NU-RAIL Fitting (Figures
3-2) or to the 019ALU’s NU-RAIL fitting (Figure 3-2).

When mounting the sensor to the crossarm, care should be taken to ensure that
there are no obstacles, or sensors, that will interfere with the vertical air flow
from either the up or down direction.

Route the sensor cable along the underside of the crossarm to the tower/tripod
mast, and to the instrument enclosure. Secure the sensor cable to the crossarm
and mast using cable ties.

3

27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer

N

Mounting Pipe

CM220

Crossarm

FIGURE 3-1. 27106T Mounted to a Crossarm via the CM220

U-RAIL

Fitting

Crossarm

FIGURE 3-2. 27106T Mounted to a Crossarm via a NU-RAIL Fitting

4

4. Wiring

27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer

Connections to Campbell Scientific dataloggers are given in Table 4-1. When
Short Cut for Windows software is used to create the datalogger program, the
sensor should be wired to the channels shown in the wiring diagram created by
Short Cut.

TABLE 4-1. Connections to Campbell Scientific Dataloggers

5. Programming

Color

Wire Label

CR800
CR850
CR5000
CR3000
CR1000

CR510
CR500
CR10(X)

21X,
CR7
CR23X

CR200(X)

White Signal SE Analog SE Analog SE Analog SE Analog

Black Signal Reference

Clear Shield

G

This section is for users who write their own programs. A datalogger program
to measure this sensor can be generated using Campbell Scientific’s Short Cut
Program Builder software. You do not need to read this section to use Short
Cut software.

In CRBasic, wind speed is measured by the VoltSE instruction. Dataloggers
that use CRBasic include the CR200(X) series, CR800, CR850, CR1000,
CR3000, CR5000, and CR9000(X).

In Edlog, wind speed is measured by the Volt (SE) (P1) instruction.
Dataloggers that use Edlog include the CR500, CR510, CR10(X), 21X,
CR23X, and CR7.

5.1 Wind Speed Multiplier and Offset

The expression for wind speed (U) is:

U = MX + B

Where,

M = multiplier
X = voltage measured by the datalogger
B = offset

Table 5-1 lists the multipliers to obtain miles/hour, meters/second, km/H, and
knots. The helicoid propeller has a calibration that passes through zero, so the
offset is zero.

5

27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer

*When the propeller is used for measuring the vertical wind component, users
may want to apply an additional multiplier of 1.25 to the output signal. This
may be done numerically in the data processing operations or electronically in
the signal conditioning. Using the additional multiplier brings the anemometer
output signal within ±3% of the cosine response for elevation angles between

-30° and +30°. Since the standard deviation of wind elevation angle in open
terrain rarely exceeds 12°, 98% (2.5 standard deviations) of observations will
be within ±30°. Using the multiplier is NOT necessary when the anemometer
is used in a UVW configuration with RM YOUNG model 26601UVW
Translator.

TABLE 5-1. Wind Speed Multiplier

(With Configuration Code 21*)

Unit Multiplier

Miles per Hour 0.04025

Meters/Second 0.01800

Kilometers/Hour 0.06480

Knots 0.03496

5.2 Example Programs

The following programs measure the 27106T every 1 second, and store the
maximum, minimum, and average wind speed every 10 minutes. Wiring for
the examples is given in Table 5-2.

TABLE 5-2. Wiring for Example Programs

Color Wire Label CR1000 CR10X

White Signal SE1 SE1

Black Signal Reference

Clear Shield

5.2.1 CR1000 Example Program

'CR1000 Series Datalogger
'Declare Public Variables

Public Batt_Volt
Public WS_ms

Units Batt_Volt=Volts
Units WS_ms=meters/second

G

G

6

27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer

'Define Data Tables

DataTable (Table1,True,-1)
DataInterval (0,10,Min,10)
Maximum (1,WS_ms,FP2,False,False)
Minimum (1,WS_ms,FP2,0,False)
Average (1,WS_ms,FP2,False)
EndTable

'Main Program

BeginProg
Scan (1,Sec,1,0)
Battery (Batt_Volt)

'27106T Wind Speed Sensor measurement

VoltSe (WS_ms,1,mV2500,1,1,0,250,0.01800,0)

'mV5000 range code for CR3000 and CR5000 dataloggers

'Call Output Tables

CallTable Table1
NextScan
EndProg

5.2.2 CR10X Example Program

;{CR10X}
;

*Table 1 Program
01: 1.000 Execution Interval (seconds)

;27106T Wind Speed Sensor Measurement

1: Volt (SE) (P1)
1: 1 Reps
2: 5 2500 mV Slow Range ;5000mV (slow 60Hz) Range for CR23X, 21X, CR7
3: 1 SE Channel
4: 1 Loc [ WS_ms ]
5: 0.01800 Multiplier
6: 0 Offset

2: If time is (P92)
1: 0 Minutes (Seconds --) into a
2: 10 Interval (same units as above)
3: 10 Set Output Flag High (Flag 0)

3: Set Active Storage Area (P80)^23620
1: 1 Final Storage Area 1
2: 101 Array ID

4: Real Time (P77)^28329
1: 1220 Year,Day,Hour/Minute (midnight = 2400)

5: Maximum (P73)
1: 1 Reps
2: 0 Value Only
3: 1 Loc [ WS_ms ]

7

27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer

6: Minimum (P74)
1: 1 Reps
2: 0 Value Only
3: 1 Loc [ WS_ms ]

7: Average (P71)^4771
1: 1 Reps
2: 1 Loc [ WS_ms ]

6. Sensor Maintenance

Given proper care, the Gill Propeller Anemometer should provide years of
service. Components are conservatively rated and require little maintenance.
The only parts likely to need replacement due to normal wear are the precision
ball bearings and the tach-generator. The replacement procedures are best
performed in a service facility and only by qualified technicians.

If service facilities are not available, return the instrument to the factory.
Before returning the sensor to the factory, customers must get a Returned
Materials Authorization (RMA) and must fill out a Declaration of Hazardous
Material and Decontamination form (for more information, refer to the
Warranty and Assistance Section at the beginning of this manual).

6.1 Flange Bearing Replacement

CAUTION

NOTE

This replacement procedure needs to be done by a
qualified technician. If a qualified technician is not
available, return the sensor to Campbell Scientific and
have their qualified technicians replace the bearing. Refer
to the Warranty and Assistance page for more information.

This replacement procedure is from RM Young Operation
manual (see Section 8).

If anemometer bearings become noisy or wind speed threshold increases above
an acceptable level, bearings may need replacement. Check bearing condition
using a Model 18310 Anemometer Bearing Torque Disk (available from RM
Young). If, after replacing bearings, the torque is still too high, check the tach­generator.

Replace bearings as follows:

1. REMOVE OLD BEARINGS

a) Remove propeller from anemometer.

8

b) Unthread and separate shaft housing assembly from generator

housing.

27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer

c) Loosen set screw on shaft collar/coupling disk and remove from

propeller shaft.

d) Slide propeller shaft through both bearings and out of housing.

e) Pull front bearing dust shield off housing.

f) Using the edge of a pocket knife, gently pry front and rear bearings

out of housing.

2. INSTALL NEW BEARINGS

a) Gently insert front bearing into housing.

b) Push front bearing dust shield back onto housing.

c) Carefully slide propeller shaft through front bearing and into housing.

d) Slide rear bearing over propeller shaft and gently push it into

housing.

e) Place shaft collar/coupling disk on propeller shaft.

f) Allow 0.010 inch (0.25 mm) end play gap between shaft

collar/coupling disk and bearing. Tighten set screw (80 oz in, 5600
gm-cm max torque).

g) Thread shaft housing assembly into generator housing. Tighten

firmly.

h) Check bearing torque to confirm it is within specifications.

6.2 Tach-Generator Replacement

CAUTION

NOTE

This replacement procedure needs to be done by a
qualified technician. If a qualified technician is not
available, return the sensor to Campbell Scientific and
have their qualified technicians replace the Tach­Generator. Refer to the Warranty and Assistance page for
more information.

This replacement procedure is from RM Young Operation
manual (see Section 8).

When the tach-generator output becomes erratic (usually due to brush failure)
or begins to show signs of bearing failure (high torque), the entire generator
assembly should be removed and replaced. If replacing the tach-generator due
to excessive torque make certain it is indeed caused by a worn tach-generator,
not the anemometer flange bearings.

9

27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer

Replace the tach-generator as follows:

1. REMOVE OLD GENERATOR ASSEMBLY

a) Remove propeller from anemometer.

b) Unthread generator housing collar. Pull generator housing away from

c) Note position of generator wires on sensor connector pins. Unsolder

2. INSTALL NEW GENERATOR ASSEMBLY

a) Solder wires from new generator assembly onto proper sensor

b) Slide generator housing over generator assembly. Firmly tighten

c) Check bearing torque to confirm it is within specification.

sensor connector and generator assembly.

wires from pins and remove old generator assembly.

connector pins. Verify correct polarity: CCW rotation produces
negative output voltage.

housing collar onto connector threads.

7. Troubleshooting

Symptom: No wind speed

1. Check that the sensor is wired to the single-ended channel specified by
the VoltSE instruction.

2. Disconnect the sensor from the datalogger and use an ohm meter to check
the Tach-Generator. The resistance between the white and black wires
should be about 32 ohms. Infinite resistance indicates an open coil; low
resistance indicates a shorted coil.

3. Verify that the Voltage Range Code, and Multiplier and Offset parameters
for the VoltSE instruction are correct for the datalogger type.

Symptom: Wind speed does not change

1. For the dataloggers that are programmed with Edlog, the input location
for wind speed is not updated if the datalogger is getting “Program Table
Overruns”. Increase the execution interval (scan rate) to prevent
overruns.

8. References

References containing additional information about the Gill Propeller
Anemometer are listed below in chronological order.

10

Holmes, R.M., Gill, G.C., and Carson, H.W., “A Propeller Type Vertical
Anemometer”, Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol 3, 1964, pp. 802-804

27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer

Drinkow, R., “A Solution to the Paired Gill-Anemometer Response Function”,
Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol 11, 1972, pp. 7-80.

Hicks, B. B., “Propeller Anemometers as Sensors of Atmospheric
Turbulence”, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol 3, 1972, pp. 214-228

Fichtl, G. H., and Kumar, P., “The Response of Propeller Anemometer to
Turbulent Flow with the Mean Wind Vector Perpendicular to the Axis of
Rotation”, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol 6, 1974, pp. 363-379.

McMichael, J.M., and Klebanoff, P. S., “The Dynamic Response of Helicoid
Anemometers”, NBSIR 75-772, National Bureau of Standards, 1975.

R.M Young Model 27106 Gill Propeller Anemometer Manual PN: 27106-90,
Rev: D030106

11

27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer

12

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