Campbell UT10 Insrtuction Manual

UT10 Weather Station

Revision: 10/13

Copyright © 1993-2013

Campbell Scientific, Inc.

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warranted by Campbell Scientific, Inc. (“Campbell”) to be free from defects in
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consumables have no warranty. Campbell’s obligation under this warranty is
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customer shall assume all costs of removing, reinstalling, and shipping
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Table of Contents

PDF viewers: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use the
PDF reader bookmarks tab for links to specific sections.

1. General ........................................................................1

1.1 Installation Tasks .................................................................................1

1.1.1 Indoors ..........................................................................................1

1.1.2 Outdoors........................................................................................1

1.2 Tools Required.....................................................................................2

1.2.1 Tools for Tower Installation..........................................................2

1.2.2 Tools for Instrumentation and Maintenance .................................2

1.2.3 Supplies for Power and Communications Options........................3

1.3 Siting and Exposure .............................................................................3

1.3.1 Wind Speed and Direction............................................................3

1.3.2 Temperature and Relative Humidity.............................................3

1.3.3 Precipitation ..................................................................................4

1.3.4 Solar Radiation..............................................................................4

1.3.5 Soil Temperature...........................................................................4

1.3.6 Siting References ..........................................................................5

1.4 Specifications .......................................................................................6

2. UT10 Tower Installation..............................................6

2.1 UT10 Tower Installation ......................................................................6

2.1.1 Base Installation............................................................................7

2.1.2 Tower Installation .........................................................................9

2.2 Sensor Mounting Brackets.................................................................11

2.2.1 Crossarm Mounting.....................................................................11

2.2.1.1 CM202, CM203, CM204, CM206 Crossarms .................11

2.2.1.2 019ALU Crossarm ...........................................................12

2.2.2 Gill Radiation Shields (41303-5A, 41003-5, 41005-5) ...............12

2.2.3 CM225 Pyranometer Stand.........................................................13

3. Instrumentation Installation.....................................15

3.1 Enclosure, Datalogger, Power Supply................................................15

3.1.1 Enclosure.....................................................................................15

3.1.2 Datalogger and Power Supply.....................................................17

3.1.3 BPALK Alkaline Power Supply .................................................17

3.1.4 PS100 Rechargeable Power Supply ............................................17

3.1.5 Solar Panel ..................................................................................18

3.2 Sensor Connection .............................................................................20

3.3 Communication and Data Storage Peripherals...................................20

3.3.1 CFM100, NL115, or NL120 .......................................................21

3.3.2 COM220 Phone Modems............................................................21

3.3.3 Cellular Transceivers ..................................................................22

3.3.4 SRM-5A Rad Modem and SC932A Interface.............................23

3.3.4.1 SRM-5A at the Datalogger...............................................23

3.3.4.2 SRM-5A at the Computer.................................................23

3.3.5 RF500M RF Modem and RF310-Series Transceivers................26

3.3.5.1 RF500M Modem Configuration.......................................26

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Table of Contents

3.3.5.2 RF500M RF Base Station................................................ 27

3.3.5.3 Install Nearest Repeater/Field Station ............................. 28

3.3.6 MD485 Multidrop Interface ....................................................... 28

3.3.6.1 MD485 Multidrop Interface at the Datalogger ................ 28

3.3.6.2 MD485 Multidrop Interface at the Computer.................. 28

3.4 Sealing and Desiccating the Enclosure.............................................. 29

4. Sensor Installation ....................................................30

4.1 034B Met One Windset..................................................................... 30

4.2 05103, 05103-45, 05106, and 05305 RM Young Wind Monitors ..... 31

4.3 03002 RM Young Wind Sentry Wind Set......................................... 32

4.3.1 03002 Mounted to the Mast........................................................ 32

4.3.2 03002 Mounted to CM202, CM204, or CM206 Crossarm ........ 32

4.4 Licor Silicon Radiation Sensors (LI200X, LI200S, LI190SB).......... 33

4.5 107/108 Temperature Probe .............................................................. 34

4.6 107/108 Soil Temperature Probe....................................................... 35

4.7 HMP60 Vaisala Temperature and RH Probe..................................... 35

4.8 HC2S3 Rotronic Temperature and RH Probe.................................... 37

4.9 CS100 or CS106 Barometric Pressure Sensor................................... 38

4.10 Texas Electronics Tipping Bucket Rain Gages (TE525,

TE525WS, TE525MM) ................................................................. 38

4.11 TB4, TB4MM or CS700 Rain Gage.................................................. 39

4.12 SR50A Sonic Ranging Sensor........................................................... 40

4.12.1 Beam Angle................................................................................ 40

4.12.2 Mounting Height ........................................................................ 40

4.12.2.1 Reference Point ............................................................... 40

4.12.3 Mounting Options ...................................................................... 41

4.13 CS616 Water Content Reflectometer ................................................ 43

4.14 237 Leaf Wetness Sensor .................................................................. 44

4.15 257 Soil Moisture Sensor .................................................................. 44

4.16 CS210 Enclosure Humidity Sensor................................................... 45

4.17 Wind Direction Sensor Orientation ................................................... 46

4.17.1 Determining True North and Sensor Orientation ....................... 46

4.17.2 National Geophysical Data Center Web Site ............................. 47

5. Standard Software Installation ................................48

5.1 Datalogger Program........................................................................... 48

5.2 Weather Station or Datalogger Support Suite.................................... 49

5.3 Quick Start Review ........................................................................... 49

6. Maintenance and Troubleshooting..........................49

6.1 Maintenance ...................................................................................... 49

6.2 Troubleshooting................................................................................. 51

6.1.1 Instrumentation Maintenance..................................................... 49

6.1.2 Batteries...................................................................................... 50

6.1.3 Desiccant .................................................................................... 50

6.1.4 Sensor Maintenance ................................................................... 50

6.2.1 No Response Using the Keypad................................................. 51

6.2.2 No Response from Datalogger through SC32B or Modem

Peripheral................................................................................ 52

6.2.3 NaN Displayed in a Variable...................................................... 52

6.2.4 Unreasonable Results Displayed in a Variable........................... 53

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Figures

Table of Contents

1-1. Effect of Structure on Wind Flow........................................................5

2-1. UT10 Weather Tower ..........................................................................7

2-2. J-Bolt Template Assembly ...................................................................8

2-3. Positioning the j-bolt in concrete. ........................................................8

2-4. Install the UT10 mast. ..........................................................................9

2-5. UT10 Mounting Brace Removal ........................................................10

2-6. UT10 Mounting Foot Detail View.....................................................11

2-7. Top View of Tower............................................................................12

2-8. CM210 crossarm-to-pole bracket (top) is included with the

crossarm for attaching the crossarm to the tower’s mast or leg......13

2-9. 019ALU Crossarm and Lightning Rod ..............................................13

2-10. CM225 Solar Radiation Mount with a LI2003S Leveling Base

and LI200X Solar Radiation Sensor ...............................................14

2-11. CM225 Attached to a Mast ................................................................14

3-1. Enclosure brackets configured for a tower mount..............................16

3-2. This exploded view shows the components of a “-TM” bracket

option..............................................................................................16

3-3. An enclosure attached to two tower legs............................................17

3-4. CR1000 and PS100 Mounted to an Enclosure Backplate ..................19

3-5. SP10 Solar Panel ................................................................................19

3-6. Routing and Wiring Sensor Leads to the Datalogger.........................20

3-7. The NL115 connects to the CR1000’s peripheral port allowing

data to be stored on removable Compact Flash cards.....................21

3-8. COM220 Modem with Surge Protector .............................................22

3-9. SRM-5A Rad Modem and SC932A Interface....................................24

3-10. SRM-5A Wiring.................................................................................25

3-11. You can configure any two types of interface ports (RS-485,

RS-232, and CS I/O) to be used at a time.......................................29

3-12. Enclosure Supply Kit .........................................................................30

4-1. Met One 034B Wind Speed and Direction Sensor.............................31

4-2. 05103 RM Young Wind Monitor.......................................................32

4-3. 03002 Mounted to a CM200-series Crossarm....................................33

4-4. LI200X/LI200S/LI190SB and LI2003S Leveling Fixture .................33

4-5. 107 Temperature Probe ......................................................................34

4-6. HMP60 Temperature and RH Probe ..................................................36

4-7. HMP45C Vaisala Temperature and RH Probe...................................37

4-8. TE525 Texas Electronics Rain Gage..................................................38

4-9. TB4 or TB4MM Mounted onto a CM310 Pole via the CM240

Mount .............................................................................................39

4-10. Beam Angle Clearance.......................................................................40

4-11. Distance from Edge of Transducer Housing to Grill..........................41

4-12. SR50A Mounted to a Crossarm via the 19517 Mounting Kit ............41

4-13. The SR50A Mounted to the Crossarm Shown from Another Angle..42

4-14. SR50A - Mounted using Nurail and C2151 Mounting Stem .............42

4-15. CS650G Rod Insertion Guide Tool ....................................................43

4-16. 237 Leaf Wetness Sensor ...................................................................44

4-17. 257 Soil Moisture Sensor ...................................................................45

4-18. CS210 Installed on a CR1000............................................................45

4-19. Magnetic Declination for the Contiguous United States....................47

4-20. Declination Angles East of True North are Subtracted from 0 to

get True North ................................................................................48

4-21. Declination Angles West of True North are Added to 0 to get

True North ......................................................................................48

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Table of Contents

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UT10 Weather Station

1. General

This section provides preparation and siting information as well as
specifications.

1.1 Installation Tasks

1.1.1 Indoors

• Immediately upon receipt of your shipment…

⇒ Open shipping cartons.

⇒ Check contents against invoice. Contact Campbell Scientific

immediately about any shortages.

• Several days prior to the planned installation date…

1.1.2 Outdoors

⇒ Collect tools and site information (Section 1)

⇒ Assemble datalogger, communications device, and power supply in

enclosure (Section 3)

⇒ Install datalogger support software on PC (Section 5)

⇒ Establish communications between the datalogger and the PC

⇒ Program datalogger, test sensors, and retrieve data

⇒ Trial run the tower / tripod installation, assembling as much as

possible (Section 2)

⇒ Repackage equipment for transport to the field site

• Locate suitable site (Section 1)

• Prepare tower base (Section 2)

⇒ Raise tower (Section 2)

⇒ Install instrumentation enclosure (Section 3)

⇒ Install sensors (Section 4)

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UT10 Weather Station

1.2 Tools Required

1.2.1 Tools for Tower Installation

Tools required to install and maintain a weather station are listed below.

Shovel
Rake
Open end wrenches: 3/8 in, 7/16 in, ½ in, (2) 9/16 in
Magnetic compass
6 ft Step ladder
Tape measure (12 ft and 20 ft)
Nut driver (3/8 in)
Level (24 in to 36 in)
Pick or digging bar
Claw hammer
Materials for concrete form:

Hand Saw
(4) 2 in x 4 in x 8 ft piece of lumber
(8) 8 p double-head nails
(8) 16 p double-head nails
Concrete trowels
(2) 1 in to 1.5 in thick x 24 in boards to support base above forms (optional)
Concrete
(2) 1 in x 2 in x 30 in piece of lumber for template frame
(2) 1 in x 2 in x 10 in piece of lumber for template frame

1.2.2 Tools for Instrumentation and Maintenance

Lock and key for enclosure
Magnetic declination angle (Section 4)
Magnetic compass
Straight bit screwdrivers (small, medium, large)
Phillips-head screwdrivers (small, medium)
Small diagonal side-cuts
Needle-nose pliers
Wire strippers
Pocket knife
Calculator
Volt / Ohm Meter
Electrical Tape
Step ladder (6 ft)
Station manuals
Station log and pen
Open end wrenches: 3/8 in, 7/16 in, ½ in, (2) 9/16 in
Socket wrench and 7/16 in deep well socket
Adjustable wrench
Pliers
Conduit and associated tools (as required)
Felt-tipped marking pen
Claw hammer
Pipe wrench (12 in)
Tape measure (12 ft to 20 ft)
3/8 in nut driver
Level (24 in to 36 in)
Teflon tape or pipe dope
5/64 in Allen hex wrench

2

1.2.3 Supplies for Power and Communications Options

AC Power
Wire, conduit, and junction boxes as needed

Phone Modem
Hayes compatible calling modem for PC
Phone line to weather station or junction box

Short-Haul Modem
4 Conductor communications cable from PC to weather station or junction box
6 ft copper ground rod and clamp for PC surge protection (optional)

1.3 Siting and Exposure

UT10 Weather Station

CAUTION

If any part of the weather station comes in contact with
power lines, you could be killed. Contact local utilities for
the location of buried utility lines before digging or driving
ground rods.

Selecting an appropriate site for the weather station is critical in order to obtain
accurate meteorological data. In general, the site should be representative of
the general area of interest, and away from the influence of obstructions such
as buildings and trees.

The weather station should not be located where sprinkler irrigation water will
strike sensors or instrument enclosure.

Some general guidelines for site selection are listed below, which were
condensed from EPA (1988)

1.3.1 Wind Speed and Direction

Wind sensors should be located over open level terrain, and at a distance of at
least ten times (EPA) the height of any nearby building, tree or other
obstruction, as illustrated in FIGURE 1-1.

Standard measurement heights:

3.0 m ± 0.1 m recommended (AASC)

2.0 m ± 0.1 m, 10.0 m ± 0.5 m optional (AASC)

10.0 m (WMO and EPA)

1

, WMO (1983)2, and AASC (1985)3 publications.

1.3.2 Temperature and Relative Humidity

Sensors should be located over an open level area at least 9 m (EPA) in
diameter. The surface should be covered by short grass, or where grass does
not grow, the natural earth surface. Sensors should be located at a distance of
at least four times the height of any nearby obstruction and at least 30 m (EPA)
from large paved areas. Sensors should be protected from thermal radiation,
and adequately ventilated.

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UT10 Weather Station

1.3.3 Precipitation

Situations to avoid include:

• large industrial heat sources

• rooftops

• steep slopes

• sheltered hollows

• high vegetation

• shaded areas

• swamps

• areas where snow drifts occur

• low places holding standing water after rains

Standard measurement heights:

1.5 m ± 1.0 m (AASC)

1.25 - 2.0 m (WMO)

2.0 m temperature (EPA)

2.0 m and 10.0 m for temperature difference (EPA)

A rain gage should be sited on level ground that is covered with short grass or
gravel. In open areas, the distance to obstructions should be two to four times
(EPA, AASC) the height of the obstruction.

The height of the opening should be as low as possible, but should be high
enough to avoid splashing from the ground. Wind shields, such as those used
by the National Weather Service, are recommended for open areas.

Collectors should be heated, if necessary, to properly measure frozen
precipitation. The gage must be mounted above the average level of snow
accumulation in areas that experience significant snowfall.

Standard measurement heights:

1.0 m ± 1.0 cm (AASC)

30.0 cm minimum (WMO, EPA)

1.3.4 Solar Radiation

Pyranometers should be located to avoid shadows on the sensor at any time.
Mounting it on the southern most (northern hemisphere) portion of the weather
station will minimize the chance of shading from other weather station
structures. Reflective surfaces and sources of artificial radiation should be
avoided. The height at which the sensor is mounted is not critical.

1.3.5 Soil Temperature

The measurement site for soil temperature should be at least 1 m2 and typical of
the surface of interest. The ground surface should be level with respect to the
immediate area (10 m radius).

4

Standard measurement depths:

10.0 cm ± 1.0 cm (AASC)

5.0 cm, 10.0 cm, 50.0 cm, 100.0 cm (WMO)

UT10 Weather Station

FIGURE 1-1. Effect of Structure on Wind Flow

1.3.6 Siting References

1

EPA, (1987). On-Site Meteorological Program Guidance for Regulatory
Modeling Applications, EPA-450/4-87-013. Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711.

2

WMO, (1983). Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of
Observation. World Meteorological Organization No. 8, 5th edition, Geneva,
Switzerland.

3

The State Climatologist, (1985) Publication of the American Association of
State Climatologists: Height and Exposure Standards for Sensors on
Automated Weather Stations,
v. 9, No. 4 October, 1985.

4

EPA, (1989). Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement
Systems, EPA Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina 27711.

5

UT10 Weather Station

1.4 Specifications

Required Concrete
Pad Dimensions (see note 1): 61 x 61 x 61 cm (24 x 24 x 24 in)

Crossarm Height (attached to mast)

Standard: 3 m (10 ft)
Maximum (mast fully extended): 3.7 m (~12 ft)
Minimum: 2.7 m (~9 ft)

Pipes Outer Diameter (OD)
Vertical: 2.5 cm (1 in)
Cross Support: 0.953 cm (0.375 in)

Leg Spacing: 26 cm (10.25 in) between legs (center to center)

Material: Aluminum

Shipping Weight: 18 kg (40 lb)

Wind Load
Recommendation (see note 2): 110 mph maximum

Notes:

1. The concrete pad requirements assume heavy soil; light, shifting, or sandy
soils require a larger concrete pad.

2. The wind load recommendation assumes proper installation, proper
anchoring, adequate soil, and total instrument projected area of less than 2
square feet. The amount of wind load that this mount can withstand is
affected by quality of anchoring and installation, soil type, and the number,
type, and location of instruments fastened to the UT10.

2. UT10 Tower Installation

2.1 UT10 Tower Installation

The UT10 3-meter tower provides a support structure for mounting the weather
station components. FIGURE 2-1 shows a typical UT10 equipped with an
instrumentation enclosure, meteorological sensors, and a solar panel.

6

UT10 Weather Station

FIGURE 2-1. UT10 Weather Tower

2.1.1 Base Installation

The UT10 tower attaches to a user-supplied concrete foundation as shown in
FIGURE 2-1. The base brackets, anchor bolts, and nuts are included with the
tower.

1. Dig a hole 24 in square and 24 in deep. Lighter soils will require a deeper

hole.

2. Assemble the j-bolt template as shown in FIGURE 2-2. Begin by

threading two 5/8 in nuts onto each j-bolt, followed by a 5/8 in washer.
Next, place a template piece over the j-bolt, followed by another 5/8 in
washer and a 5/8 in split lock washer. Thread a third 5/8 in nut onto the j­bolt just until the bolt is even with the top of the bolt. Once all three j­bolts are assembled, slide them together as shown in FIGURE 2-2. Align

7

UT10 Weather Station

each j-bolt so the angled portion is pointing outward and tighten the lower
nuts to secure the assembly.

3. Construct a concrete form shown in FIGURE 2-3 out of 2 in x 4 in lumber

24 in square (inside dimensions). Construct the 1 in x 2 in template frame
and set it aside. Center the form over the hole and drive a stake centered
along the outside edge of each side. Level the form by driving nails
through the stakes and into the form while holding the form level.

4. Position the j-bolt template as shown in FIGURE 2-3. The top of each bolt

will be 3.00 in ±0.25 in above the level of the form. Level the tops of the
j-bolts in all directions using a small level and secure the j-bolt template to
the template frame with 7/8 in screws where holes in the template overlap
the wooden frame.

5. Fill the hole and form with concrete. Screed the concrete level with the

top of the form as shown in FIGURE 2-3. Smooth the concrete around the
three j-bolts and allow the concrete to harden.

j-bolt template

5/8 in nut

5/8 in split lock washer

5/8 in washer

2 in x 4 in concrete form (42 in long)

concrete

North

7/8 in screws

1-1/2 in screws

2-1/2 in screws

5/8 in washer (not shown)

5/8in nut (2)

FIGURE 2-2. J-Bolt Template Assembly

2 in x 4 in concrete form (24 in long)

1 in x 2 in template frame (30 in long )

1 in x 2 in template frame (10 in long)

(7.6 in)

8.9 in

(24.0 in)

2 in x 4 in concrete form

(7.6 in)

concrete footing

10.3 in

(6.9 in)

(6.9 in)

(24.0 in)

(Note how each piece overlaps the next)

Top View

(varies)

3.00 in ±.25 in

24.0 in

FIGURE 2-3. Positioning the j-bolt in concrete.

8

UT10 Weather Station

CAUTION

It is common for air to be trapped behind the knee portion
of a j-bolt. Use a stick or rod to stir and tamp around each
j-bolt to insure proper anchoring.

6. Remove the top nuts, washers, and j-bolt template pieces. Leave the two

bottom nuts and one flat washer on each j-bolt. Remove the template
frame and the concrete form.

2.1.2 Tower Installation

1. Install the mast as shown in FIGURE 2-4. Attach the 3/4 in x 10 in nipple
to the mast using the bell reducer. Loosen the two bolts at the top of the
tower and insert the mast. For a 3 m mounting height, rest the bell reducer
against the top of the tower. Tighten the two bolts to secure the mast.

FIGURE 2-4. Install the UT10 mast.

2. Remove the three 5/16 in bolts, nuts, and fender washers from the UT10
mounting brace (FIGURE 2-5).

3. Pivot the three mounting feet to the vertical position.

9

UT10 Weather Station

5/16 in nut

5/16 in fender washer

mounting brace

5/16 in bolt

FIGURE 2-5. UT10 Mounting Brace Removal

4. Align the UT10 so the openings in the mounting feet are running East­West. Align the hole in the bottom of each mounting foot with one of the
j-bolts in the concrete base. Slide the UT10 onto the j-bolts.

5. Place a 5/8 in flat washer, a 5/8 in split washer, and 5/8 in nut on each j­bolt. Do not tighten the nut (FIGURE 2-6).

10

UT10 Weather Station

3/8-16 x 1.750 in bolt

UT10 connecting pipe

3/8-16 nut

3/8-16 x 2.000 in bolt

5/8 in nut

5/8 in split washer

5/8 in flat washer

5/8 in flat washer

UT10 tower

mounting foot

5/8 in nuts
(leveling nuts)

3.00 in ±.25 in

concrete

FIGURE 2-6. UT10 Mounting Foot Detail View

6. Check the UT10 for plumb using a level and adjust the leveling nuts below
the mounting feet on the j-bolts as required. When the tower is plumb, use
two wrenches to lock the lower nuts on each j-bolt together. Tighten the
upper nuts to secure the base.

7. Removing the lower 3/8 in bolt on the rear (West) leg allows the tower to
be hinged to the ground. If a step ladder is available, it is easier to leave
the tower upright.

2.2 Sensor Mounting Brackets

Sensor mounting brackets provide a means of mounting the sensors to the
tower. General orientation of the mounting brackets is shown in FIGURE 2-7.

2.2.1 Crossarm Mounting

2.2.1.1 CM202, CM203, CM204, CM206 Crossarms

1. Attach the crossarm at the desired height via the provided u-bolts and nuts
(FIGURE 2-8).

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UT10 Weather Station

2.2.1.2 019ALU Crossarm

2.2.2 Gill Radiation Shields (41303-5A, 41003-5, 41005-5)

Attach the 019ALU crossarm to the mast as shown in FIGURE 2-9.

2. Position the middle NU-RAIL so that it rests on top of the bell reducer.

Orient the 019ALU in a East/West direction, with the 3/4 in NU-RAIL
facing East and tighten the set screws. If the 019ALU is used with the 025
Crossarm Stand (Section 2.2.4), orient the 019ALU North/South, with the
3/4 in NU-RAIL facing South.

3. Install the lightning rod to the mast as shown in FIGURE 2-9. Loosen the

two screws on the lightning rod mounting bracket. Position the mounting
bracket 2 in down from the top of the mast and tighten both screws evenly.
Make sure the lightning rod set screw is tight.

1. Attach the radiation shield to the tower leg, tower mast, or CM202,

CM203, CM204, or CM206 crossarm with the u-bolt and nuts provided. If
attaching to the tower leg or mast, place u-bolt in the radiation shield’s
side holes. If attaching to a crossarm, place the u-bolt in the radiation
shield’s bottom holes.

FIGURE 2-7. Top View of Tower

12

North