SAT HDR GOES TRANSMITTER
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
REVISION: 1/04
COPYRIGHT (c) 2000-2004 CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.
This is a blank page.
Warranty and Assistance
815 W. 1800 N.
Logan, UT 84321-1784
USA
Phone (435) 753-2342
FAX (435) 750-9540
www.campbellsci.com
Campbell Scientific Canada Corp.
11564 -149th Street
Edmonton, Alberta T5M 1W7
CANADA
Phone (780) 454-2505
FAX (780) 454-2655
Campbell Scientific Ltd.
Campbell Park
80 Hathern Road
Shepshed, Loughborough
LE12 9GX, U.K.
Phone +44 (0) 1509 601141
FAX +44 (0) 1509 601091
The SAT HDR GOES TRANSMITTER is warranted by CAMPBELL
SCIENTIFIC, INC. to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under
normal use and ser vice for twelve (1 2) months from date of shipment unless
specified otherwise. Batteries have no warranty. CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC,
INC.'s obligation under this warranty is limited to repairing or replacing (at
CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.'s option) defective products. The customer
shall assume all costs of removing, reinstalling, and shipping defective products
to CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. will
return such products by surface carrier prepaid. This warranty shall not apply
to any CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. products which have been subjected to
modification, misuse, neglect, accidents of nature, or shipping damage. This
warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied, including
warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. CAMPBELL
SCIENTIFIC, INC. is not liable for special, indirect, incidental, or
consequential damages.
Products may not be returned without prior authorization. To obtain a
Returned Materials Authorization (RMA), contact CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC,
INC., phone (435) 753-2342. After an applications engineer determines the
nature of the problem, an RMA number will be issued. Please write this
number clearly on the outside of the shipping container. CAMPBELL
SCIENTIFIC's shipping address is:
CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.
RMA#_____
815 West 1800 North
Logan, Utah 84321-1784
CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. does not accept collect calls.
Non-warranty products returned for repair should be accompanied by a
purchase order to cover the repair.
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SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
Table of Contents
1. Introduction..................................................................1
2. GOES System...............................................................2
2.1 Orbit..........................................................................................................2
2.2 NESDIS and Transmit-Windows..............................................................2
2.3 Data Retrieval...........................................................................................2
3. SAT HDR GOES Functions .........................................3
3.1 LED Function........................................................................................... 3
3.2 Status Switch ............................................................................................4
3.3 Communication Ports ...............................................................................4
3.3.1 Configuration Port...........................................................................4
3.3.2 CS I/O Port......................................................................................4
3.3.3 Auxiliary Port
3.3.4 SDI-12 Serial Port...........................................................................5
3.4 RF Connectors..........................................................................................5
3.4.1 RF Transmission Connector............................................................5
3.4.2 GPS Receive
3.5 Power Connector ......................................................................................5
..................................................................................
onnector.................................................................5
r C
5
4. DCPComm....................................................................8
4.1 Install DCPComm..................................................................................... 8
4.2 Load and Edit the Co
4.3 Making Edits.............................................................................................9
4.3.1 Platform ID .....................................................................................9
4.3.2 Mode...............................................................................................9
4.3.3 Message Window............................................................................9
4.3.4 Minimum Supply Voltage...............................................................9
4.3.5 Timed Configuration.......................................................................9
4.3.6 Timed Channel................................................................................9
4.3.7 Baud Rate......................................................................................10
4.3.8 Interleaver.....................................................................................10
4.3.9 Random Configuration..................................................................10
4.3.10 GPS Fix Time Out.......................................................................10
4.3.11 Communication Port
4.3.12 Serial Time Out...........................................................................11
4.3.13 SDI-12 Settings
4.3.14 Debug..........................................................................................11
4.4 Transfer the Configuration Inform
4.5 Using DCPComm for SAT HDR GOES Setup and Testing...................12
4.5.1 Terminal Window.........................................................................12
4.5.2 Write Data to Self-timed or Random Buffer.................................12
4.5.3 Read Data from SAT HDR GOES................................................12
4.6 SDI-12 Transparent Mode......................................................................13
nfiguration File .......................................................8
Type
..........................................................11
...........................................................................
ation to the
SAT HDR GOES...........11
11
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SAT HDR GOES Transmitter Table of Contents
5. Programming the Datalogger ...................................13
5.1 General Programming Information........................................................ 13
5.1.1 Deciding How Much Data will be Tr
5.1.2 Deciding What Data Fo
5.1.3 Managing Data, Writing More Data Than Will Be Transmitted.. 15
5.2 Sending Data to the
5.2.1 Buffer Control.............................................................................. 16
5.2.2 Data Format.................................................................................. 16
5.2.3 P126 Res
5.3 Read Status and Diagnostic Information from the SAT HDR GOES.... 18
5.3.1 Program Instruction 127............................................................... 18
5.3.2 P127 Status Commands Explained............................................... 18
5.4 Programming Examples ......................................................................... 23
5.4.1 Using P126................................................................................... 23
6. Field Installation.........................................................26
6.1 Field Site Requirements......................................................................... 26
6.2 Transmission Antenna............................................................................ 26
6.3 GPS Antenna.......................................................................................... 26
6.3.1 How the GPS Signal is Acquired and Used ................................. 26
6.3.2 GPS Antenna Location................................................................. 27
ansmitted and When .......... 14
rmat to Use ............................................. 14
Tra
nsmitter............................................................. 15
u
lt Codes........................................................................ 16
Appendices
A. Information on Eligibility and Getting Onto
B. Data Conversion Computer Program....................B-1
C. Antenna Orientation Computer Program..............C-1
D. RAWS-7 Data Format ..............................................D-1
E. GOES DCS Transmit Frequencies .........................E-1
the GOES System...............................................A-1
A.1 Eligibility ............................................................................................ A-1
A.2 Acquiring Permission.......................................................................... A-1
D.1 Introduction......................................................................................... D-1
D.2 Format................................................................................................. D-1
D.3 Programming the Datalogger for RAWS-7 Format ............................D-1
D.4 RAWS-7 Sample Data........................................................................ D-2
es beyond the RAWS-7 .......................... D-3
D.5 Writing additional data val
u
F. High Resolution 18-Bit Binary Format................... F-1
G. GOES/Radio Set Certification ................................
ii
G-1
Figures
Tables
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter Table of Contents
2-1. Major Components of the GOES/DCP System.......................................3
3-1. SAT HDR GOES Label...........................................................................6
3-2. SAT HDR GOES Connectors..................................................................7
3-3. DCP Enclosure........................................................................................8
5.2-1. P126 Result Codes..............................................................................17
5.2-2. P127 Result Codes..............................................................................17
e
5.3-1. P127 Command 0: Read Tim
5.3-2. P127 Command 1: Read Status..........................................................
5.3-3. P127 Command 2: Read Last Message
5.3-4. P127 Command 3: Initiate Random Transm
5.3-5. P127 Command 4: Read SA
5.3-6. Error Codes.........................................................................................21
5.3-7. P127 Command 5: Clear Er
5.3-8. P127 Command 6: Force On-line Mode.............................................23
D-1. RAWS-7 Output................................................................................ D-2
............................................................19
Status....................................19
ission.............................20
T HDR GOES Error Registers...............20
ror
Registers ...........................................22
19
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SAT HDR GOES Transmitter Table of Contents
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iv
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
1. Introduction
The SAT HDR GOES transmitter supports one-way communication, via
satellite, from a Campbell Scientific datalogger to a ground receiving station.
Satellite telemetry offers a convenient telecommunication alternative for field
stations where phone lines or RF systems are impractical.
The SAT HDR GOES utilizes non-volatile memory to store configuration
information, such as platform ID, transmission baud rate, channel number,
scheduled transmission time, offset time and message window length. The SAT
HDR GOES also has two, 16 K byte RAM buffers to store data—one buffer for
schedule transmissions and one buffer for random transmissions. The clock is
maintained with a GPS receiver.
SAT HDR GOES supports the following certification standards:
• 300/1200 BPS DCPRS Certification Standard version 1.0b- March 2000
• 100 BPS Self-timed DCPRS Certification Standard - November 1981
• 100 BPS Random DCPRS Certification Standard - November 1981
• SDI-12, A Serial-Digital Interface Standard for Microprocessor-based
Sensors version 1.2 - October 21, 1996.
NOTE
High data rates are supported. The SAT HDR GOES includes 4 serial
communication ports:
• CS I/O for Campbell dataloggers.
• Config is used with a computer to setup, test, and configure the SAT HDR
GOES.
• AUX is an RS232 port used with non-Campbell Scientific dataloggers.
• SDI-12 is used where only SDI-12 sensors are used and a datalogger is not
needed.
The CS I/O port is a Campbell Scientific Synchronous Device for
Communication (SDC) p ort.
The 21X and CR7 dataloggers do not support SDC.
The SAT HDR GOES is manufactured for Campbell Scientific, Inc. by Seimac,
Ltd., Nova Scotia, Canada.
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SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
Specifications:
On-board memory: Non-volatile flash for setup parameters. 16 Kbytes for
self-timed data and 15 Kbytes for random data
Power requirements: 9.6 to 16 VDC, 1 mA quiescent, 350 mA during GPS
fix and less than 4 Amps during transmission
Transmit power: 7.9 watts for 100 and 300 bps, 15.9 watts for 1200 bps.
2. GOES System
2.1 Orbit
2.2 NESDIS and Transmit−Windows
Environmental:
Dimensions: 8.2” x 5.5” x 1.5”; 9.0” x 5.5” x 1.5” with connectors
Weight: < 2 pounds
The SAT HDR GOES transmitter sends data via Geostationary Operational
Environmental Satellites (GOES). GOES satellites have orbits that coincide
with the Earth's rotation, allowing each satellite to remain above a specific
region. This allows a user to point the GOES antenna at a fixed position in the
sky.
There are two satellites, GOES East and GOES West. GOES East is located at
75° West longitude and GOES West is located 135° West longitude. Both
satellites are located over the equator. Within the United States, odd numbered
channels are assigned to GOES East. Only even numbered channels are
assigned to GOES West. Channels used outside the United States are assigned
to either spacecraft.
-40° C to 50° C; 0 to 99% RH, non-condensing
GOES is managed by the National Environmental Satellite Data Information
Service (NESDIS). NESDIS assigns the platform ID, upl ink channel number,
and self-timed or random transmit time windows. Self-timed windows allow
data transmission only during a predetermined time frame (typically one minute
or less, every one, three, or four hours). The self-timed data is erased from the
transmitter's buffer after each transmission, random data is not. Random
windows are for critical applications (e.g., flood reporting) and allow
transmission immediately after a threshold has been exceeded. The
transmission is then randomly repeated to ensure it is received. A combination
of self-timed and random windows can be executed by the SAT HDR GOES.
2.3 Data Retrieval
Data retrieval via the SAT HDR GOES and the GOES system is illustrated in
Figure 2-1. The DAPS User Interface Manual, provided by NOAA/ NESDIS,
describes the process of retrieving the data from the NESDIS ground station.
The data are in the form of 3-byte ASCII (see Appendix B for a computer
program that converts the data to decimal). You can also retrieve data directly
from the NESDIS ground station via the DOMSAT satellite downlink.
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SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
DOMSAT is only practical for organizations with many GOES users; contact
NESDIS for more information (see Appendix A).
GOES Satellite
Satellite Antenna
GOES transmitter,
datalogger, and
power supply, also
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Ground Receiving Station Data Collection Platform (DCP)
FIGURE 2-1. Major Components of the GOES/DCP System
3. SAT HDR GOES Functions
3.1 LED Function
The SAT HDR GOES has one, tri-color LED. The color of the LED and the
state: on, flashing or off, indicates the state of the SAT HDR GOES transmitter.
When power is first applied to the SAT HDR GOES, the LED will cycle
through the three colors: red, green and yellow. The three colors are disp layed
while the SAT HDR GOES is performing internal diagnostics.
After power up the LED will show the current state of the SAT HDR GOES.
Flashing red indicates the fail safe mode has been tripped. Solid red indicates
the transmitter is currently transmitting.
Flashing yellow indicates a fault has been recorded. This could be due to a low
power supply or a GPS fix failure. Flashing yellow should be investigated, but
does not indicate a definite problem. Flashing yellow indicates a past failure,
the failure condition may not still exist. Check the error register (P127
command 4) for details.
3
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
3.2 Status Switch
3.3 Communication Ports
Solid green indicates the GPS receiver is currently obtaining a GPS fix.
LED off is the default low power state. The LED is turned off when the
transmitter is functioning normally and is not transmitting or acquiring a GPS
fix.
The status switch (reset) has two purpo ses. Depress the switch for less than
four seconds and the SAT HDR GOES will wake up and display the current
status of the SAT HDR GOES by flashing the LED. The LED will flash for ten
seconds. Green indicates all systems good. Yellow indicates a past fault
condition, same as a flashing yellow after power up. Flashing red indicates the
fail safe has been tripped.
If the status switch is depressed for seven seconds or more, the SAT HDR
GOES will reset. This will reset the fail safe circuit. The reset requires 60
seconds. Configuration information is not lost. Data buffers are erased.
3.3.1 Configuration Port
The Configuration port or Config port is an RS232 port utilizing a DB9 female
connector configured as DCE. Only three pins are used, transmit on pin two,
receive on pin three and ground on pin five. Transmit is an output and receive
is an input to the SAT HDR GOES.
The configuration port is used in conjunction with a PC and the 32 bit windows
compatible software, DCPComm. DCPComm software is used to transmit the
configuration information from the computer to the SAT HDR GOES
transmitter. DCPComm communicates with the SAT HDR GOES through the
Config port.
3.3.2 CS I/O Port
The CS I/O port is a Campbell Scientific Synchronous Device for
Communication (SDC) port. The CS I/O port is specifically designed to work
with Campbell Scientific SDC capable dataloggers. The CS I/O port is used by
Campbell Scientific dataloggers to transfer data from the datalogger to the SAT
HDR GOES transmitter. The CS I/O SDC port allows other SDC devices and
one modem enabled device to be connected to the same port at the same time.
Only one device can be active at a time. This SDC port will allow the SAT
HDR GOES transmitter, the RF95A RF modem and a phone modem to be
connected to the CSI datalogger serial port all at the same time. The CS I/O
port is a DB9 male, voltage levels are TTL, pin out is:
1, 3, 5, 8 are not used
2 = Ground
4 = RXD (output)
6 = SDE (input)
7 = CLK (input)
9 = TXD (input)
4
3.3.3 Auxiliary Port
The Auxiliary port is an RS232 port utilizing a DB9 female connector. The
Auxiliary port is used by non-Campbell Scientific dataloggers to transfer data
from the datalogger to the SAT HDR GOES transmitter. Only three pins are
used: two is TXD (output), three is RXD (inp ut ) and five is gro und. The
Auxiliary serial port allows communications with dataloggers that are not SDC
compatible.
3.3.4 SDI-12 Serial Port
The SDI-12 serial port is used by the SAT HDR GOES only when a datalogger
is not used. Under most operating conditions, the datalogger is responsible for
the SDI-12 functions.
3.4 RF Connectors
3.4.1 RF Transmission Connector
The SAT HDR GOES utilizes the type N female connector for RF power out.
This connector must have a proper antenna connection before transmission
occurs. Failure to use a properly matched antenna cable and antenna may cause
permanent damage to the RF amplifiers. The nominal impedance is 50 ohms,
the frequency range is approximately 400 to 403 MHz. RF power out is a
nominal 8 or 15 watts. At 100 and 300 BPS transmission rates, the nominal
EIRP is 48 dBm with an 11 dbic gain antenna. At 1200 BPS, the nominal
EIRP is 52 dBm.
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
3.4.2 GPS Receiver Connector
The GPS connector is an input to the SAT HDR GOES. Operation without an
antenna connected will not cause damage, but the transmitter will not transmit
without a valid GPS fix. The GPS connector is an OSX (MCX) jack. The GPS
receiver uses an active 3.3 V, 13 dB gain ceramic patch antenna. The GPS
antenna gain at the SAT HDR GOES GPS input must be between 12 and 18 dB
for proper GPS reception.
The SAT HDR GOES transmitter uses the GPS receiver for two functions. The
precise GPS time is used to ensure scheduled transmissions occur at the proper
time. The one-second GPS synchronization pulse is used to ensure a precise,
drift-free carrier frequency. See Section 6.3 for more information regarding
GPS and GPS antenna placement.
3.5 Power Connector
The SAT HDR GOES power connector has two pins: ground and 12 V. The
input power requirement is 9.6 to 16 VDC at 4 amps. The power connector
uses the same power plug as the CR10X datalogger. Because the SAT HDR
GOES can use up to 4 amps, the power should be connected directly to the
battery. An in-line 7 amp fast blow fuse should be used. The SAT HDR
GOES is shipped with a power cable that includes the fuse and a connector
arrangement that allows the transmitter to pull power directly from the battery.
5
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
The SAT HDR GO ES has four differe nt operationa l st ates. The current use in
each of these states is less than or equal to the values listed below:
Inactive or Quiescent: 1 mA
Active: 100 mA
Acquiring GPS fix: 350 mA, observed 160 mA.
Transmit: 4000 mA, observed 1900 max during 100/300 baud
and 3200 mA observed during 1200 baud.
With the potential for a 4000 mA current drain, the voltage drop along the
battery power leads must be considered. The battery power leads are both
wires that run from the battery to the power input connectors of the SAT HDR
GOES. To calculate the voltage drop along the power leads, we must know the
resistance of the wire and the length of the wire. Usually the resistance of the
wire is listed as ohms per 1000 feet. As an example, a 24 AWG wire used by
CSI has a resistance of 23 ohms per 1000 feet. The length of the wire is the
distance the wire travels from the battery to the transmitter multiplied by two.
You must consider the current travels from the battery, to the transmitter and
back to the battery.
The SAT HDR GOES will operate with a battery voltage range from 9.6 V to
16 V. A fully charged lead acid battery will have a voltage of about 12.5 V. If
the battery is fully charged, a 3 V drop along the battery leads will stop the
transmitter from transmitting. At 4 amps, 3 V will be dropped with 0.75 ohms
of resistance. Using the 24 AWG wire with 23 ohms resistance per 1000 ft, 32
feet of wire (battery power leads 16 ft long) will prevent transmission. A
reliable system that will transmit without a perfect battery voltage will minimize
voltage drop along the battery power leads. To minimize voltage drop, keep
the battery power leads short. A five-foot power lead is a long power lead. If
you must have a longer lead, use heavy wire. For power leads less than ten feet
but more than five feet, use no smaller than 18 AWG.
+12V Power
Auxilary I/O
RS232 (DCE)
CS I/O
SDI-12
3
2 Data
1 +12V
SAT HDR GOES
High Data Rate GOES Transmitter
Manufactured by Seimac, Ltd.
Nova Scotia, Canada
Configuration
Port RS232
(DCE)
Status
GPS
Reset
RF Out
FIGURE 3-1. SAT HDR GOES Label
6
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
Configuration
Reset
Status
RF Out
GPS
Power CS I/ORS-232 SDI-12
12V
RF Out:
Type N Female, connects
to the antenna cable
Power Port:
Connects to a 12 V power
source (e.g., CH12R) via
the power cable
Reset Switch:
Activates status LED
or resets transmitter
GPS Port:
Connects to the
GPS antenna
12V
Configuration Port:
Used to set up DCP
parameters
Status LED:
Illuminates during transmission
or after the reset switch has been
set to indicate proper function;
flashes to indicate fail safe mode
SDI-12 Port:
Used to
communicate
with SDI-12
sensors in
applications
without
dataloggers.
Auxiliary RS-232 I/O Port:
Used to communicate with nonCampbell Scientific dataloggers
CS I/O Port:
Communicates with Campbell
Scientific dataloggers via the
SC12 cable
FIGURE 3-2. SAT HDR GOES Connectors
7
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
4. DCPComm
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FIGURE 3-3. DCP Enclosure
Certain information required by NESDIS is unique to each DCP. This setup
information includes: platform ID, transmission baud rate, channel number,
scheduled transmission time, offset time, and message window length. The
SAT HDR GOES has non-volatile memory to store the setup information. The
setup information is e nt ered in the SAT HD R GOES with a computer running
DCPComm software. DCPComm software is a 32-bit windows application.
4.1 Install DCPComm
Follow instructions on the disk.
4.2 Load and Edit the Configuration File
The configuration file contains information such as Platform ID number,
transmission window size and start time, channel number, etc. A unique
configuration file can be saved for each DCP in service.
To load and edit the configuration file, start DCPComm.exe. From the main
menu select file open. Open file goes terminal version 2_2.cfg. Goes terminal
version 2_2.cfg is the default configuration file. Using the “Save As” option
from the file menu, save goes terminal version 2_2.cfg with a new name. It
may be helpful to select a name that relates to the DCP site.
8
4.3 Making Edits
Edits are made in the Value column. Only white fields may be changed. Gray
fields are set at the factory.
4.3.1 Platform ID
Starting from the top of the configuration table, select the “Value” field for
Platform ID number. Type in your NESDIS assigned id number. This is an 8
digit hex number. Valid characters are 0-9, A, B, C, D, E and F. The upper
case H designates a hex value and is not part of the ID. Example: 4F3E2D1E
4.3.2 Mode
Moving down the table, the next field to edit is Mode (ASCII = 1, Pseudo = 3).
The mode is the data type. If sending ASCII, select a 1. If sending a binary
format, select 3. The mode function sets a marker bit in the flag word.
NESDIS DAPS-2 can use this bit to determine the data format, and decode the
data if binary (pseudo). Except for the marker bit, there is no difference
between selecting ASCII or pseudo. Only 300 and 1200 baud transmission use
the flag word.
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
4.3.3 Message Window
The message window is the length of the assigned self-timed transmission
window. Units are in seconds, valid entries are 1 - 120.
4.3.4 Minimum Supply Voltage
The minimum supply voltage is the power supply voltage where the transmitter
will stop transmitting. The default value of 96 (9.6 volts) is the lowest voltage
level where the transmitter can function. Values greater than 96 can be used to
prevent the transmitter from completely drawing down a week power supply.
Generally this field should be left at the default value.
4.3.5 Timed Configuration
For Self-timed transmissions, four values must be entered. The interval is the
time between self-timed transmission. For a 3-hour interval, select 0 days, 3
hours, 0 minutes and 0 seconds. Generally the interval will be in units of whole
hours, therefore days, minutes, and seconds will be zero.
The offset is the time after midnight of the first transmission for the day.
Sometimes the offset is called the start time. Generally the offset will include
hours and minutes. Seconds is used to split whole minutes into partial minutes.
When the offset includes seconds, the message window is usually less than 60
seconds.
4.3.6 Timed Channel
The Timed Channel is the NESDIS assigned self-timed transmission channel.
When using 100 and 300 baud, valid channel numbers are between 0 and 267.
When using 1200 baud, valid channel numbers are 0 to 133 where 100 to 133
9
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
4.3.7 Baud Rate
4.3.8 Interleaver
are international channels. For 1200-baud channels, the formal channel
designation is the channel number followed by the letter A, for example: 99A.
For clarification, see Appendix E. If your assigned channel number does not
include the letter A, either you don’t have a 1200-baud channel assignment or
you’ve been given a 100/300 channel number. In DCPComm, don’t enter the
letter A. When 0 is entered, self-timed transmissions are disabled.
The baud rate must match your NESDIS channel assignment. The high dat a
rate includes both 300 and 1200 baud. Valid entries are 1 for 100 bps, 2 for
300 bps and 3 for 1200 bps. You can use different baud rates for self-timed
and random channel assignments.
The interleaver only applies to high data rate transmissions. When using 300 or
1200 baud, the interleaver will provide some error correction to the data
transmission. When the interleaver is used, the number of bytes transmitted
will increase when compared with an equal amount of data transmitted with the
interleaver off.
4.3.9 Random Configuration
The random interval is the average time between random transmissions. When
the SAT HDR GOES receives data in the random data buffer, a random
transmission is scheduled. After the first transmission, the transmitter will
select a pseudo random time somewhere within the random interval. This
process is repeated until the datalogger removes the data from the random
buffer.
The random channel is the NESDIS assigned random transmission channel.
When using 100 and 300 baud, valid channel numbers are 0 to 266. When
using 1200 baud, valid channel numbers are 0 to 133 where 100 to 133 are
international channels. For 1200-baud channels, the formal channel
designation is the channel number followed by the letter A, for example: 99A.
For clarification, see Appendix E. If your assigned channel number does not
include the letter A, either you don’t have a 1200-baud channel assignment or
you’ve been given a 100/300 channel number. In DCPComm, don’t enter the
letter A. When 0 is entered, random transmissions are disabled.
4.3.10 GPS Fix Time Out
The GPS receiver has 2 settings. The “fix time out” and “first fix time out”.
The difference is basically the same as a warm start verses and cold start. The
SAT HDR GOES usually will require a valid GPS fix for transmission. See
Section 6.3 for details on GPS operation. The first fix requires more time
because the GPS receiver does not have satellite almanac data stored. The
default settings of 300 and 1200 seconds generally work fine. After the SAT
HDR GEOS has a valid GPS fix, the GPS receiver is powered down. A GPS
fix time longer than necessary does not increase battery drain if the GPS
receiver is able to read the GPS satellite signal.
10
4.3.11 Communication Port Type
The communication port type sets the active port on the SAT HDR GOES. The
CSI port is used with Campbell Scientific dataloggers (CR10X, CR510,
CR23X). Only one port can be selected at a time. The SDI-12 port can not be
used in conjunction with a datalogger.
4.3.12 Serial Time Out
The serial time out is set long enough for all dat a to be copied from the
datalogger to the transmitter before the time out expires. The default of 20
seconds should be plenty. The wait before sleep field should be set to 5.
4.3.13 SDI-12 Settings
SDI-12 setup is only valid when the SDI-12 serial port is the active port. There
is one sample interval and one offset which applies to all sensors. The sample
interval is how often the SAT HDR GOES will query each sensor. The offset is
the time after midnight of the first sample. The SAT HDR GOES does not wait
for midnight to start the offset. The sensors are sampled in order.
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
Each sensor has two fields. The SDI-12 sensor address and the command the
SAT HDR GOES will issue to the SDI-12 sensor. Valid SDI-12 addresses are
0 through 9. When the command is NNN, the sensor is not sampled.
Concurrent measurements are supported.
4.3.14 Debug
When debug is on, status messages are sent o ut t he configuration p ort. The
default state is off.
When finished editing the configuration file, save the edits.
4.4 Transfer the Configuration Information to the SAT HDR GOES
Edit and save the configuration file before it is transferred to the SAT HDR
GOES. See previous section.
Open DCPComm.exe, select “file” then “com port settings”. Select the
appropriate com port for your computer, select 9600 baud.
Open the configuration file you wish to send. From the main menu, select
“DCP Communications/Start User Interface”. You will receive a message
about user interface mode started. From the main menu, select “DCP
Communications/Send Confi guration”. Wa i t for the message regarding
configuration se nt. From the main menu, select “DCP Communications/Stop
User Interface Mode”.
When you exit user interface mode, the transmitter will immediately start a
GPS fix. All information from the configuration file is stored in non-volatile
11
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
4.5 Using DCPComm for SAT HDR GOES Setup and Testing
4.5.1 Terminal Window
4.5.2 Write Data to Self-timed or Random Buffe r
memory. After the configuration file has been received by the SAT HDR
GOES, it is ready to be installed in the field.
DCPComm has an option to retrieve the configuration information from a
transmitter. When the configuration is retrieved, the information is stored in
the current configuration file. All previous information is displaced.
The menu item Terminal has several functions that can be used to interrogate
the SAT HDR GOES. To use the terminal window, use a standard serial cable
to connect the serial port of the computer to the Configuration port of the SAT
HDR GOES. From the main menu select Terminal/Open Terminal Window.
When the terminal window is open, DCPComm can be used to send data to the
transmitter, read the status, last message status, GPS time, GPS position and
error registers.
From the main menu select Terminal/Write String to Buffer. A dialog box will
open and allow you to type in a data string and select which buffer the data is
written to. To send a file to a buffer, select Terminal/Write File to Buffer.
Using the write file option allows you to send the same data many times without
having to retype it. Strings sent to the transmitter are scheduled for
transmission.
The Start Timed Messages option is used to repeatedly send data to either
buffer of the SAT HDR GOES. Timed messages are similar to the Send data
command, except the command is repeated until stopped with the Stop Timed
Messages Command.
4.5.3 Read Data from SAT HDR GOES
The read commands retrieve information from the SAT HDR GOES and
display the information on screen. General status information is available like
GPS time and position, transmitter configuration including Platform ID,
channel number, baud rate, and when the next message will be transmitted.
4.5.3.1 Read GPS
The Read GPS command returns the GPS time in seconds, latitude, longitude,
elevation and magnetic declination.
12
4.5.3.2 Read Configuration
The Read Co nfiguration command returns the curre nt configuration parameters
of the SAT HDR GOES. The Platform ID is displayed with leading zeros
eliminated. The Message Window is the number of seconds allocated to the
self-timed message window. The baud rate, channel number, interval, offset
and interleaver settings are displayed for both self-timed and random messages.
The read configuration command is a useful check to determine if the
transmitter has been properly setup before being deployed.
4.5.3.3 Read Last Message Status
The Read Last Message Status command will display information specific to
the last message transmitted. A self-timed message is type 0, random is type 1.
The forward power should be above 125 for 100 or 300 baud and above 160
for 1200 baud. The reflected power should be about half of the forward power.
The supply voltage is a loaded battery voltage test.
4.5.3.4 Read Status
The Read Status command will display information specific to the next
message to be transmitted. The number of bytes in each buffer and time until
transmission is displayed. Note: The time until next random message is the
time until the next random interval starts, not the time until the next random
message. The time until the next self-timed message is the time until the next
self-time message starts to transmit. The fail-safe status will show the number 1
if the fail-safe has tripped. The fail-safe should not trip.
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
4.5.3.5 Read Error Register
The Read Error Register command will display the number of errors that have
occurred since the unit was last reset. The command that caused the error and
the error code for the last four errors are displayed. All errors should be
investigated. Many times a simple GPS fix error is not a problem, unless the
system routinely has trouble acquiring a GPS fix. The SAT HDR GOES
requires a regular GPS fix for proper operation.
4.5.3.6 Read GPS Time
The Read Time command will display the time acquired from the GPS receiver.
The GPS time is always in GMT.
4.6 SDI-12 Transparent Mode
The menu item SDI-12 can be used for SDI-12 transparent mode. SDI-12
transparent mode is used to manually send commands to SDI-12 sensors.
Before using SDI-12 transparent mode, the terminal window must be opened.
See Section 4.5.1 for details. SDI-12 responses are displayed in the terminal
window. See your SDI-12 sensor manual for informatio n regarding SDI-12
commands. When finished with SDI-12 transparent mode, use the Exit
Transparent Mode command. After using SDI-12 transparent mode, the SAT
HDR GOES will reset.
5. Programming the Datalogger
5.1 General Programming Information
The datalogger is used to measure and record data values. The SAT HDR
GOES is used to transmit data over a GOES satellite to a ground receiving
13
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
station. Program instruction 126 is used to send data from the datalogger to the
SAT HDR GOES satellite transmitter. The SAT HDR GOES has two data
buffers. The data buffers will hold data until it is time to transmit the data.
Data in the self-timed buffer is erased after transmission. Data in the random
buffer must be erased by the datalogger. If there is data in the random buffer,
the SAT HDR GOES will continuously schedule and send the data. When
properly configured, the SAT HDR GOES will ensure the data is transmitted on
the correct channel, at the correct baud rate and at the correct time.
The datalogger will interface with the SAT HDR GOES under program control.
Two program instructions are used, P126 and P127. P126 is used to send data
to a buffer. New data is either added to existing data (append) or overwrites
existing data (insert). In overwrite mode, all data in the buffer is erased before
new data is written. P127 is used to retrieve information from the SAT HDR
GOES. Information regarding GPS time, latitude and longitude can be
retrieved and stored in the datalogger. Information regarding the status and
past errors can also be retrieved.
Data can be sent to the self-timed buffer 20 seconds before transmit time,
otherwise the data will be scheduled for a later transmission. P126 should not
be executed during a GPS fix.
5.1.1 Deciding How Much Data will be Transmitted and When
The amount of data that can be transmitted depends on several factors: the
transmit window length, the transmit baud rate, and the data format. The
transmit window limits the time available for data to be sent. The baud rate
determines how fast data is sent. The data format determines how many bytes
are required per data point.
The maximum number of data points that can be sent is estimated with this
formula:
b(a-2)/8c = total number of data points per transmission
Where:
a = Window length in seconds
b = baud rate or Bits/second; i.e., 100, 300, or 1200
c = bytes per data point
Binary data uses 3 bytes per data point.
ASCII data uses 7 bytes per data point.
5.1.2 Deciding What Data Format to Use
14
The choice of data format effects two areas. First the data format effects how
much data can be sent in a single transmission. Binary data formats require 3
bytes per data point. ASCII data formats require 7 bytes per data point.
Second, binary data must be decoded after transmission, ASCII does not. The
datalogger formats the data before the data is sent to the SAT HDR GOES.
The data format is chosen with the P126 program instruction.
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
The high data rate specification allows the data to be encrypted for
transmission. The SAT HDR GOES must know the data format to apply the
encryption. The data format chosen with the P126 instruction must match the
data format chosen in the DCPComm configuration file. DCPComm is used to
select data encryption. The setting is called the interleaver. Most DCP’s will
set the interleaver to off.
5.1.3 Managing Data, Writing More Data than Will Be Transmitted
The datalogger has two data storage areas, Final Storage area 1 (FS1) and Final
Storage area 2 (FS2). When data is written to final storage, data is written to
the active final storage area. The active final storage area defaults to FS1 when
the datalogger starts the program table. Program instruction 80 (P80) is used to
set the active final storage area. When P126 executes, all new data in the active
final storage area is sent to the transmitter. New data is all data that has been
written to the active final storage area since P126 last executed.
Two separate data files can be maintained by managing which final storage area
is active when data is written. The amount of data copied to the transmitter and
the order of data copied to the transmitter can be controlled by utilizing both
final storage areas. If using FS2, datalogger memory must be allocated to FS2.
Final storage area 2 memory can be allocated using Edlog or the keypa d.
5.2 Sending Data to the Transmitter
Program instruction 126
Transfer Data to HDR GOES
1: Data Transfer to HDR GOES (P126)
1: 0000 Buffer Control
2: 0000 Data Format
3: 0000 Result Code Loc [ ______ ]
Parameter1: Buffer Control
0 Append to S elf-Timed B uffer
1 Overwrite Self-Timed Buffer
2 Append to Random Buffer
3 Overwrite Random Buffer
9 Clear Random Buffer
Parameter 2: Data Format
0 CSI Floating Point Binary
1 Floating Point ASCII
2 Binary Integer, 18 Bit
3 RAWS 7, Fire Weather
4 Fixed Decimal, ASCII, xxx.x
5 Fixed Decimal, ASCII, xx.xx
6 Fixed Decimal, ASCII, x.xxx
7 Fixed Decimal, ASCII, xxx
8 Fixed Decimal, ASCII, xxxxx
15
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
5.2.1 Buffer Control
5.2.2 Data Format
Parameter 3: Input Location for Result Code
1 Input Loc [ ________ ]; see table 5.2
The first parameter of program instruction 126 (P126) is called buffer control.
Buffer control has two purposes: 1) to determine which buffer data is written
to, and 2) if the buffer is erased before data is written. The SAT HDR GOES
has two independent buffers, one for self-timed transmissions and one for
random transmissions. The self-timed buffer is treated differently than the
random buffer. After a self-timed transmission, the data is erased from the selftimed buffer. After a random transmission, the data in the random buffer is
scheduled to be transmitted again. Random transmissions are repeated at
random intervals until P126 is used to “Clear Random Buffer”.
The second parameter of P126 is used to format the data. The data is formatted
as P126 copies data from the datalogger to the transmitter.
CSI floating point binary data requires 3 bytes per data point. Data must be
low resolution. Sign and decimal location are maintained. This is an efficient
data format.
Floating point ASCII requires 7 bytes per data point. Data must be low
resolution. Sign and decimal location are maintained. Data does not need to be
converted after transmission. Data points are separated by a comma. This is
not an efficient data format, but it is convenient.
Binary, 18 bit, integer data format requires 3 bytes per data point. All data
stored in datalogger must be in high resolution. All information right of the
decimal place is truncated. Data is transmitted as a signed, two’s compliment,
18-bit integer. Precision can be maintained by pre and post processing. This is
an efficient data format that requires conversion and post processing. See
Appendix F for details.
RAWS 7 and fixed decimal ASCII are used to format data in a specific way.
See Appendix D for details.
5.2.3 P126 Result Codes
The third parameter of P126 requires an input location. In the input location,
the result of the P126 execution is stored as a result code. The result code can
be used to determine if P126 executed successfully. Under most conditions, if
P126 was not successful, a second execution of P126 will work.
To better understand the result codes, it is necessary to understand the sequence
of communication with the transmitter. Here are the steps:
16
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
1) CS I/O is checked to see if serial port is available. If not, return code 6.
2) The transmitter is addressed and should return the STX character within
200 msec. If there is no response from the transmitter, result code is 2. If
something other than the STX character is received, result code is 3.
3) The command to select a data buffer is sent (random or self-timed). The
transmitter should respond with the ACK (06) character. If something
besides the ACK is received, result code is 4. If nothing is received within
500 msec, result code is 5.
4) If the first three steps are successful, the datalogger sends the command to
append or overwrite (insert) the data buffer, followed by the data. If the
transmitter does not respond with the ACK character within 500 msec,
result code is 7. Result code 7 indicates the data was not received by the
transmitter. The datalogger cannot resend the data.
The result codes can be utilized to increase the success rate of data
transmissions. When the result code is 0, all went well. When the result code
is 2-6, P126 did not execute properly, but can still send the data. A result code
of 7 indicates P126 did not execute properly and the data probably cannot be
sent again.
TABLE 5.2-1. P126 Result Codes
0 Command executed successfully
2 Time out waiting for STX character after SDC addressing
3 Wrong character (not STX) received after SDC Addressing
4 Something other than ACK returned when select data buffer
command executed
5 Timed out waiting for an ACK when data buffer command was sent
6 CS I/O port not available, port busy
7 ACK not returned following data append or insert command
TABLE 5.2-2. P127 Result Codes
0 Execution successful
1 Checksum error in response
2 Time out waiting for STX character after addressing
3 Something besides STX received after addressing
4 Received a NAK
5 Timed out while waiting for an ACK
6 CS I/O not available
7 Transmit random message failure, could be no data in random buffer
9 Invalid command code
17
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
5.3 Read Status and Diagnostic Information from the SAT HDR GOES
5.3.1 Program Instruction 127
1: HDR GOES Status (P127)
1: 0000 Status Command
2: 0000 Result Code Loc [ _____ ]
Parameter 1: Status Command
0 Read Time, Uses four Input Locations
1 Read Status, Uses 13 Input Locations
2 Read Last Message Status, Uses 14 Input Locations
3 Transmit Random Message, must be followed by command 6. One
Input Location
4 Read Error Register, Uses Ten Input Locations
5 Reset Error Register, One Input Location
6 Return transmitter to online mode, used after command 3, One Input
Location
5.3.2 P127 Status Commands Explained
Program instruction 127 (P127) has four basic functions:
1) Datalogger will retrieve information from the SAT HDR GOES
transmitter.
2) Datalogger will initiate a test transmission on a random channel.
3) Datalogger will reset the error register of the SAT HDR GOES
4) Return SAT HDR GOES to on-line mode following a forced random
transmission.
Parameter 1 allows you to determine what command will be issued to the SAT
HDR GOES.
Parameter 2 is the starting input location for the string of information the HDR
GOES will return.
Each P127 command returns a string of information. Each command requires a
different number of input locations. The first piece of information returned is
always the result code of the command. Table 5.2-2 is a list of result codes and
what they mean.
18
5.3.2.1 P127, Command 0: Read Time
Retrieve the GPS time from the HDR GOES transmitter. The time is
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). A time of 153 hours, 153 minutes, 153
seconds indicates GPS time is not available.
TABLE 5.3-1. P127 Command 0: Read Time
In Loc Contents
1 Command Result Code
2 Hours (GMT)
3 Minutes
4 Seconds
5.3.2.2 P127, Command 1: Read Status
Read Status Command provides information specific to the next scheduled or
random transmission, including the amount of data in the buffers and power
supply voltage.
TABLE 5.3-2. P127 Command 1: Read Status
In Loc Contents
1 Command Result Code
2 Bytes of data in self-timed buffer
3 Time until next self-timed transmission: Days
4 Time until next self-timed transmission: Hours
5 Time until next self-timed transmission: Minutes
6 Time until next self-timed transmission: Seconds
7 Bytes of data in random buffer
8 Time until next random transmission interval start: Hours
9 Time until next random transmission interval start: Minutes
10 Time until next random transmission interval: Seconds
11 Failsafe, 1 indicates transmitter disabled due to failsafe.
12 Loaded power supply voltage, 1 amp load. (tenths of volts)
13 Average GPS acquisition time (tens of seconds)
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
5.3.2.3 P127, Command 2: Read Last Message Status
Returns information specific to the last message transmitted plus the GPS
derived Latitude and Longitude.
TABLE 5.3-3. P127 Command 2: Read Last Message Status
In Loc Contents
1 Command Result Code
2 Message type: Self-timed or Random
3 Size of message in bytes
4 Forward power in tenths of watts
5 Reflected power in tenths of watts
6 Power supply voltage under full load, in tenths of volts
7 GPS acquisition time in tens of seconds
8 Oscillator drift (signed, hundreds of Hz)
9 Latitude degrees
10 Latitude minutes
11 Latitude seconds
12 Longitude degrees
13 Longitude minutes
14 Longitude seconds.
19
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
5.3.2.4 P127, Command 3: Transmit Random Message
Overwrite random buffer with 1 2 3 4 (ASCII)
During GPS acquisition the LED lights green.
During transmission the LED lights red.
TABLE 5.3-4. P127 Command 3: Initiate Random Transmission
In Loc Contents
1 Result Code
Random message channel and repeat interval must be enabled in the SAT HDR
GOES configuration. If rando m messages have not been enabled, command 3
will fail. If the GPS acquisition fails, the random transmission will fail.
Command 3 will pull the SAT HDR GOES off line. After the random
transmission attempt, the SAT HDR GOES must be put back on line with
command 6. When command 6 is used, all data in the SAT HDR GOES is
erased. Random transmission may require up to five minutes (GPS timeout) for
setup and transmission. If command 6 is executed before transmission, random
transmission will be canceled.
During GPS acquisition, the LED will light solid green. During transmission,
the LED will light solid red. Command 3 will return 1 value, the command
result code. Zero indicates a successful execution of command 3, but does not
indicate the random transmission has happened or was successful.
5.3.2.5 P127, Command 4: Read SAT HDR GOES Error Registers
Read error registers of SAT HDR GOES. Requires 10 input locations.
TABLE 5.3-5. P127 Command 4: Read SAT HDR GOES Error Registers
In Loc Contents
1 Result Code
2 Number of Errors
3 Command that Caused the Error
4 Error Code
5 Command that Caused the Error
6 Error Code
7 Command that Caused the Error
8 Error Code
9 Command that Caused the Error
10 Error Code
20
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
TABLE 5.3-6. Error Codes
Error Codes:
Hex Decimal
0x00 00 No error
0x01 01 Illegal command
0x02 02 Command rejected
0x03 03 Illegal checksum or too much data
0x04 04 Time out or too little data
0x05 05 Illegal parameter
0x06 06 Transmit buffer overflow
0x10 16 Message abort due to PLL
0x11 17 Message abort due to GPS
0x12 18 Message abort due to power supply – internal 16 volt – RF
0x13 19 Software fault
0x14 20 Failsafe fault
0x15 21 GPS time sync fault
0x16 22 SWR fault – transmission antenna connection
The SAT HDR GOES has 9 registers used to store information about errors that
have occurred. The total number of errors is stored, up to 255. Also stored is
the command that was issued when the error occurred and a code specific to the
type or error. Internal fault codes are stored. When the command that failed is
listed as 31 (0x1F), the error condition is an internal error with the SAT HDR
GOES. The datalogger receives the error code as a hex value and converts to
decimal. Decimal values are placed in input locations.
The error codes are very important information if the DCP experiences trouble
during operation. Generally a GPS time synchronize fault should not cause
concern, but a GPS fault may cause a scheduled transmission to be missed.
The data will be sent on the next transmission if P126 appends data to the selftimed buffer.
The internal SAT HDR GOES errors provide critical information for
diagnostics. E rror codes are return in he x format when using DCPComm
software. Error codes are returned in decimal format when using the
datalogger.
Error code 16 (0x10), message abort due to PLL, is a hardware failure of the
phase locked loop circuit. Repeated PLL failures can not be rectified in the
field.
Error code 17 (0x11), message abort due to GPS, indicates the transmitter
aborted a transmission because the required GPS information was not available
at transmit time. Usually the transmitter will transmit on the next transmit time.
Check GPS antenna placement and GPS antenna type. See Section 6.3 for
more information regarding the GPS antenna.
Error code 18 (0x12), message abort due to power supply, indicates the
transmitter RF power supply did not provide enough voltage. Chec k system
battery. If the system battery is low, the RF power supply will not be able to
operate properly.
21
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
Error code 19 (0x13), Software error, indicates the transmitter was not able to
run its internal software.
Error code 20 (0x14) is the Failsafe error. The failsafe is an internal hardware
circuit that will shut down the SAT HDR GOES if it transmits too frequently or
for too long. The failsafe error code is not logged until the transmitter tries to
transmit after the failsafe has been tripped. Check the SAT HDR GOES
configuration file. The transmitter only trips the failsafe when the configuration
file tells the transmitter to transmit more then allowed, or a serious hardware
failure has occurred. Failsafe limits are different for different baud rates. At
1200 baud, transmission can not exceed 105 seconds or repeat more often than
every 30 seconds. At 100 baud, transmission can not exceed 270 seconds or
repeat more often than 60 seconds. At 300 baud, same transmission on time as
100 baud, but can not repeat more often then every 30 seconds. The Failsafe
can be reset by pressing and holding the reset switch for 7 seconds.
Error code 21 (0x15) indicates the transmitter missed a GPS fix, but does not
guarantee a missed a transmission. See Section 6.3 for GPS antenna
information.
Error code 22 (0x16) indicates a Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) Fault. The SWR
fault can be triggered by several different conditions. High reflected power will
trigger the SWR fault. Reflected power is caused by poor transmission antenna
and or antenna cable condition or wrong type of antenna or antenna cable. See
Section 6 for transmission antenna information. Ice build up on an antenna can
change the antenna properties, which can cause excessive reflected power.
Corrosion in connectors, water in antenna cables, metal in close proximity to
the antenna and a damaged antenna can also cause excessive reflected power.
The SWR fault can also be triggered by a low battery. If the transmitter can not
generate enough transmission power, the SW R fault will trip. Always check
the system battery if there has been an SWR fault. This condition is indicated
by low reflected power.
To determine if the reflected power is too high or low, read the last message
status information. When the reflected power number is divided by the forward
power number, the result should be 0.5, with limits of 0.4 to 0.6. See Section
4.5.3.3 for details on the Last Message Status command.
5.3.2.6 P127, Command 5: Clear SAT HDR GOES Error Registers
Clear error registers of SAT HDR GOES. Requires 1 input location.
TABLE 5.3-7. P127 Command 5: Clear Error Registers
In Loc Contents
1 Result Code
Result code of 0 indicates success. Command 5 is used to erase all errors from
the error registers of the SAT HDR GOES.
22
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
5.3.2.7 P127, Command 6: Return SAT HDR GOES to on-line mode.
Command 6 is used to return the SAT HDR GOES to online mode. Typically
used after a forced random transmission. The SAT HDR GOES has an off-line
time-out of one hour.
TABLE 5.3-8. P127 Command 6: Force On-line Mode
In Loc Contents
1 Result code
Result code of 0 indicates success.
5.4 Programming Examples
5.4.1 Using P126
Program instruction 126 is used to copy data from the datalogger final storage
area to the SAT HDR GOES data buffer.
Program example 1 writes data to final storage once an hour and transfers data
to the SAT HDR GOES once every 4 hours.
Program Example 1
; Set output flag high hourly
1: If time is (P92)
1: 0 Minutes (Seconds --) into a
2: 60 Interval (same units as above)
3: 10 Set Output Flag High (Flag 0)
; Write a time stamp to final storage
2: Real Time (P77)
1: 1221 Year,Day,Hour/Minute,Seconds (midnight = 2400)
; Write 41 input locations to final storage
3: Sample (P70)
1: 41 Reps
2: 1 Loc [ Status_RC ]
; Check if top of 4 hour interval, if true execute P126
4: If time is (P92)
1: 0 Minutes (Seconds --) into a
2: 240 Interval (same units as above)
3: 30 Then Do
; Transfer data to SAT HDR GOES
23
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
5: Data Transfer to HDR GOES (P126)
1: 0 Self-Timed/Append
2: 0 Binary Format
3: 41 Result Code Loc [ P126_RC ]
6: End (P95)
Program Example 2
; Set output flag high hourly
1: If time is (P92)
1: 0 Minutes (Seconds --) into a
2: 60 Interval (same units as above)
3: 10 Set Output Flag High (Flag 0)
; Write a time stamp to final storage
Program example 2 writes data to final storage once an hour and transfers data
to the SAT HDR GOES once every 4 hours. Example 2 also shows how to use
the result codes to ensure P126 executes successfully.
2: Real Time (P77)
1: 1221 Year,Day,Hour/Minute,Seconds (midnight = 2400)
; Write 41 input locations to final storage
3: Sample (P70)
1: 41 Reps
2: 1 Loc [ Status_RC ]
; Check if top of 4 hour interval, if true execute P126
4: If time is (P92)
1: 0 Minutes (Seconds --) into a
2: 240 Interval (same units as above)
3: 30 Then Do
; Transfer data to SAT HDR GOES
5: Data Transfer to HDR GOES (P126)
1: 0 Self-Timed/Append
2: 0 Binary Format
3: 41 Result Code Loc [ P126_RC ]
6: End (P95)
; Check result code for P126, if between 1 and 6 P126 will be executed again.
24
7: If (X<=>F) (P89)
1: 41 X Loc [ P126_RC ]
2: 3 >=
3: 1 F
4: 30 Then Do
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
8: If (X<=>F) (P89)
1: 41 X Loc [ P126_RC ]
2: 4 <
3: 7 F
4: 30 Then Do
; increment counter to count number of time P126 has been tried again
9: Z=Z+1 (P32)
1: 42 Z Loc [ Counter ]
; Try P126 again
10: Data Transfer to HDR GOES (P126)
1: 0 Self-Timed/Append
2: 0 Binary Format
3: 41 Result Code Loc [ P126_RC ]
; Check number of times P126 has been executed unsuccessfully
; If P126 failed more than 3 times, give up and reset counter
11: If (X<=>F) (P89)
1: 42 X Loc [ Counter ]
2: 3 >=
3: 4 F
4: 30 Then Do
; Reset counter
12: Z=F (P30)
1: 0.0 F
2: 00 Exponent of 10
3: 42 Z Loc [ Counter ]
; Set P126 result code to zero, this will stop P126 from
; executing until the 4 hour transmit time comes around again.
13: Z=F (P30)
1: 0.0 F
2: 00 Exponent of 10
3: 41 Z Loc [ P126_RC ]
14: End (P95)
15: End (P95)
16: End (P95)
25
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
6. Field Installation
6.1 Field Site Requirements
The SAT HDR GOES has two siting requirements for proper operation. The
GPS antenna must have a clear view of most of the sky. The transmission
antenna must have a clear view of the spacecraft. Other requirements are not
specific to the SAT HDR GOES, but are mentioned here anyway. The SAT
HDR GOES must be mounted in an enclosure that will protect it from the
environment, including condensati on. Most GOES systems are powered by a
battery that is charged by a solar panel. The solar panel must have a clear view
of the southern sky. Pa y special attention to winter sun angles.
6.2 Transmission Antenna
The SAT HDR GOES transmission antenna (part number 12261) is a right
hand circular polarized Yagi with 9 dBic gain. The antenna is directional and
should be aimed at the spacecraft. Both elevation and azimuth are unique to the
location on the planet, and must be set. A poorly aimed antenna will cause a
drop in signal strength or possibly prevent successful transmission.
To determine antenna elevation and azimuth, use DCPComm help. Select
Antenna Alignment. Enter the latitude, longitude and elevation for the field
site. If you enter zero for Magnetic Variance, base your azimuth off true North.
If you enter the Magnetic Declination in the Magnetic Variance field, base your
azimuth off magnetic North. If you don’t know the field site elevation, take a
guess. Field site elevation has little influence on antenna azimuth and
elevation.
The accuracy of the antenna aiming is not critical, but should be reasonably
good. As a guide, if the antenna is aimed 25 degrees off the spacecraft, the
received power will be half of a properly aimed antenna. Beyond 25 degrees,
the received power drops off very quickly.
6.3 GPS Antenna
6.3.1 How the GPS Signal is Acquired and Used
The GPS signal is used for two functions. The obvious use is to keep track of
time. The GPS receiver requires 3 satellites to acquire the time. For best
accuracy, four satellites are required. The second use of the GPS signal is to
correct the oscillator frequency. The GPS receiver will output a very accurate
1-second pulse. The 1-second pulse is used to correct oscillator drift caused by
changes in temperature and crystal aging.
26
The GPS is required for proper operation. After the transmitter is reset, or first
powered up, it can’t schedule a transmission until a GPS fix has been
established. After the first fix, the SAT HDR GOES will acquire a GPS fix
about once an hour for the first 24 hours. Over the first 24 hours, The SAT
HDR GOES will try to acquire enough GPS information to establish a
relationship between crystal oscillator frequency and operating temperature.
After 24 hours of continual operation, the SAT HDR GOES will be able to
transmit without first acquiring a GPS fix, if the operating temperature does not
change much from the previous 24 hours. Until the relationship between
crystal oscillator frequency and temperature is established and stored in the
SAT HDR GOES memory, a GPS fix will be required before transmission.
6.3.2 GPS Antenna Location
The ideal location for the GPS antenna is above everything, with the shortest
cable possible. The GPS antenna will not receive the GPS signal through a
steel roof or steel walls. Concrete will probably act like steel. Heavy foliage,
snow, and ice will attenuate the GPS signal. The more of the sky the antenna
has a clear unobstructed view of, the better the GPS performance. Better GPS
performance will show up as less or no missed transmissions. Poor GPS
antenna placement will increase the number of missed transmissions, or
possibly stop all transmissions.
The GPS antenna mounting location is limited by the antenna cable length.
Campbell Scientific supplies two different GPS antennae with different cable
lengths. The 5-meter cable is intended for 6 and 10-foot tripod mounted
applications. The 10-meter cable length allows mounting the antenna further
away. The antenna cable can’t be shortened or lengthened. Any attempt to cut
the antenna cable will probably ruin it.
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
Previous GPS antennae included a snap on mounting bracket that can be
screwed to an external mounting surface. The mounting bracket is attached to
the bottom of the antenna. As an alternative, the snap on mounting bracket can
be removed to expose the magnet mount. The current GPS antenna uses the
magnet mount. Campbell Scientific also offers a separate mounting bracket
number 15787. The optional mount is powder-coated sheet metal that forms a
right angle. A U-bolt for pole mounting is included. The mounting surface will
hold the magnet and has threaded holes for the snap on mounting bracket.
27
SAT HDR GOES Transmitter
This is a blank page.
28
Appendix A. Information on Eligibility and Getting Onto the GOES System
A.1 Eligibility
U.S. federal, state, or local government agencies, or users sponsored by one of
those agencies, may use GOES. Potential GOES users must receive formal
permission from NESDIS.
A.2 Acquiring Permission
1. The user contacts NESDIS at the following address and submits a formal
request to transmit data via GOES. Non-U.S. or private users must also
submit a written statement indicating that their sponsor requires all or part
of the transmitted data. NESDIS will fax or mail the user a question form
to complete and submit for approval.
DCS Coordinator
Federal Office Building 4
Suitland, MD
(301) 457-5681
http://dcs.noaa.gov/contact.htm
2. Following approval, NESDIS sends a Memorandum of Agreement
OA). The M
(M
3. After the MOA is approved, NESDIS will issue a channel assignment and
an ID address code.
4. NESDIS MUST BE contacted to coordinate a “start-up” date.
OA must be signed and returned to NESDIS.
A-1
This is a blank page.
Appendix B. Data Conversion Computer Program (written in BASIC)
1 REM THIS PROGRAM CONVERTS 3-BYTE ASCII DATA INTO
DECIMAL
5 INPUT "RECEIVE FILE?", RF$
6 OPEN RF$ FOR OUTPUT AS #2
10 INPUT "NAME OF FILE CONTAINING GOES DATA"; NFL$
20 DIM DV$(200)
25 WIDTH "LPT1:", 120
30 OPEN NFL$ FOR INPUT AS #1
40 WHILE NOT EOF(1)
50 LINE INPUT #1, A$
55 A$ = MID$(A$, 38)
56 PRINT A$
100 J = INT(LEN(A$) / 3)
105 PRINT J
110 FOR I = 1 TO J
120 DV$(I) = MID$(A$, 3 * I - 2, 3)
130 NEXT I
140 B$ = RIGHT$(A$, LEN(A$) - 3 * J)
160 A$ = B$ + A$
170 K = INT(LEN(A$) / 3)
180 L = J
190 FOR I = J + 1 TO L
200 DV$(I) = MID$(A$, 3 * (I - J) - 2, 3)
210 NEXT I
270 FOR I = 1 TO L
280 A = ASC(LEFT$(DV$(I), 1)) AND 15
290 B = ASC(MID$(DV$(I), 2, 1)) AND 63
300 C = ASC(RIGHT$(DV$(I), 1)) AND 63
310 IF (A * 64) + B >= 1008 THEN DV = (B - 48) * 64 + C + 9000:
GOTO 400
320 IF A AND 8 THEN SF = -1 ELSE SF = 1
330 IF A AND 4 THEN SF = SF * .01
340 IF A AND 2 THEN SF = SF * .1
350 IF A AND 1 THEN DV = 4096
360 DV = (DV + ((B AND 63) * 64) + (C AND 63)) * SF
400 PRINT #2, USING "####.### "; DV;
405 IF I MOD 17 = 0 THEN PRINT #2, CHR$(13)
406 DV = 0
410 NEXT I
1000 WEND
B-1
This is a blank page.
Appendix C. Antenna Orientation Computer Program (written in BASIC)
5 REM THIS PROGRAM CALCULATES THE AZIMUTH AND
ELEVATION FOR AN
6 REM ANTENNA USED WITH A DCP FOR GOES SATELLITE
M
COM
10 CLS : CLEAR 1000
20 INPUT "SATELLITE LONGITUDE (DDD.DD)"; SO
30 INPUT "ANTENNA LONGITUDE (DDD.DD)"; SA
40 PRINT "ANTENNA LATITUDE (DDD.DD)--(SOUTH LATITUDE
ENTERED"
45 INPUT "AS NEGATIVE NUMBER)"; AA: A = 90 - AA
50 INPUT "ANTENNA HEIGHT ABOVE SEA LEVEL IN FEET"; AH
60 T = SO - SA: TR = T * .01745329#: BR = 90 * .01745329#: AR = A *
.01745329#
70 X = COS(AR) * COS(BR) + SIN(AR) * SIN(BR) * COS(TR)
80 CR = -ATN(X / SQR(-X * X + 1)) + 1.5708
90 C = CR * (1 / .01745329#)
100 X1 = (SIN(BR) * SIN(TR)) / SIN(CR)
110 BR = ATN(X1 /SQR(-X1 * X1 + 1)): B = BR * (1 / .01745329#)
115 GOSUB 300
120 A1 = 90 - C: R1 = A1 * .01745329#
130 S1 = (6378 + (AH * .0003048)) / SIN(R1)
140 S2 = 35785! + 6378 - S1
150 A2 = 180 - A1: R2 = A2 * .01745329#
155 S4 = SQR(S1 ^ 2 - (6378 + AH * .0003048) ^ 2)
160 S3 = SQR(S4 ^ 2 + S2 ^ 2 - 2 * S4 * S2 * COS(R2))
170 X2 = (SIN(R2) / S3) * S2
180 ER = ATN(X2 / SQR(-X2 * X2 + 1)): E = ER * (1 / .01745329#)
190 PRINT "ANTENNA ELEVATION ANGLE="; E; " DEGREES"
200 PRINT "ANTENNA AZIMUTH ANGLE="; B; " DEGREES"
210 PRINT : PRINT : PRINT "HIT ANY KEY TO CONTINUE"
220 I$ = INKEY$: IF I$ = "" THEN 220 ELSE CLS : GOTO 20
300 IF T < 0 AND AA > 0 THEN B = B + 180: GOTO 380
310 IF T < 0 AND AA < 0 THEN B = B * -1: GOTO 380
320 IF T > 0 AND AA < 0 THEN B = 360 - B: GOTO 380
330 IF T > 0 AND AA > 0 THEN B = B + 180: GOTO 380
340 IF T = 0 AND AA > 0 THEN B = 180: GOTO 380
350 IF T = 0 AND AA < 0 THEN B = 360: GOTO 380
360 IF AA = 0 AND T > 0 THEN B = 270: GOTO 380
370 IF AA = 0 AND T < 0 THEN B = 90
380 RETURN
400 RETURN
460 RETURN
UNICATIONS
C-1
This is a blank page.
Appendix D. RAWS-7 Data Format
D.1 Introduction
RAWS-7 data format is used to transmit weather data in an ASCII based table
format. Upon reception, data does not need to be decoded. Software such as
WeatherPro can be used to archive and view the data. RAWS-7 data format is
compatible with NIFC.
D.2 Format
RAWS-7 format writes data in columnar format. The first 7 data points are
written to column 1, the next 7 data points are written to column 2 and the next
7 data points are written to column 3. Each data point is configured with a
fixed decimal place and a fixed number of characters. The RAWS-7 data block
is preceded by a carriage return and line feed character.
D.3 Programming the Datalogger for RAWS-7 format
When using the RAWS-7 format, special care should be taken to ensure the
correct data will be written to final storage of the datalogger and thus
transferred to the SAT HDR GOES transmitter. Data is written in groups of 7.
One group of 7 represents 7 data points, usually for 1 hour of data. All data for
the RAWS-7 group must be transferred from the datalogger to the transmitter
at the same time. If writing hourly data, but transmitting on a 3-hour interval,
write all three hours of RAWS-7 data before P126 is executed. Write
additional data beyond the RAWS-7 data after the RAWS-7 data has been sent
to the transmitter.
The RAWS-7 format has some special functions built in. The RAWS-7 format
will behave differently depending on the am
orage area of the datalogger. If there are 7 data points in the active final
st
storage area that have not been sent to the transmitter, the datalogger will
format 1 column of data. More than 7 and less than 14 data points are not sent
to the transmitter. If there are 14 data points, the RAWS-7 format will create a
table with 2 columns of 7 rows. If 21 data points are available, 3 columns of 7
rows each are created. If the number of data points is more than 14 but less
than 21, the first 14 data points are used while the extra are discarded. If there
are more that 21 data points, 3 columns of 7 rows are created. Data points in
excess of 21 are not sent to the transmitter, and can not be sent later.
The RAWS-7 data formats include fixed decim
characters. If the data value exceeds the range of the data format, all numbers
will default to 9. When the data value is negative, the minus sign is counted as
one character. As an example, if using data format 6, x.xxx, the minus sign fills
the only character location left of the decimal. All numbers less than -.999 will
print as -.999. All numbers greater than 9.9 will print as 9.999. P126, second
parameter, codes 3 through 8 are considered RAWS data formats
ount of data in the active final
l place and fixed number of
a
D-1
Appendix D. RAWS-7 Data Format
D.4 RAWS-7 Sample Data
00.12 00.05 01.09 Rain fall: Hundredths of and inch
109 022 002 Wind Speed: Avg of last 10 minutes
234 123 087 Wind Direction: Avg of last 10 minutes
115 069 -23 Air Temperature: Sample
100 056 012 Relative Humidity: Avg of Last 10 minutes
056 098 012 Fuel Temperature: Sample
10.5 11.9 13.6 Battery Voltage: Sample
Table D-1. RAWS-7 Output
Row
Number Measurement Format
1 Total Rain (hr) xx.xx
2 Wind Speed (10 min avg.) xxx
3 Wing Direction (10 min avg.) xxx
4 Air Temp (Sample) xxx
5 RH (10 min avg.) xxx
6 Fuel Temp (Sample) xxx
7 Battery Voltage (Sample) xx.x
Oldest data in left column
Using P126 for RAWS-7 data format
P126 has three parameters. Parameter 2 “Data Format” is used to select the
desired dat
1: Data Transfer to HDR GOES (P126)
1: 0000 Buffer Control
2: 0000 Data Format
3: 0000 Result Code Loc [ ______ ]
Parameter 2: Data Format
0 CSI Floating Point Binary
1 Floating Point ASCII
2 Binary Integer, 18 Bit
3 RAWS 7, Fire Weather
4 Fixed Decimal, ASCII, xxx.x
5 Fixed Decimal, ASCII, xx.xx
6 Fixed Decimal, ASCII, x.xxx
7 Fixed Decimal, ASCII, xxx
8 Fixed Decimal, ASCII, xxxxx
a format.
D-2
Appendix D. RAWS-7 Data Format
P126 format code 3
ASCII RAWS-7 format, 1, 2 or 3 columns
1 Total Rain xx.xx
2 Avg Wind Speed xxx
3 Avg Wing Direction xxx
4 Sample Air Temp xxx
5 Av g Relative Humidity xxx
6 Sample Fuel Temp xxx
7 Battery Voltage xx.x
P126 format code 4
ASCII fixed decimal xxx.x
P126 format code 5
ASCII fixed decimal xx.xx
P126 format code 6
ASCII fixed decimal x.xxx
P126 format code 7
ASCII fixed decimal xxx
P126 format code 8
ASCII fixed decimal xxxxx
D.5 Writing additional data values beyond the
RAWS-7
If additional data points beyond the RAWS-7 need to be transmitted, each row
of data is stored in input locations until the data set is complete. Then the data
is copied to the transmitter.
When P126 is executed with a data format code of 4 through 8, the line of data
is preceded by a carriage return and line feed. Each data point is separated by a
space. Form
are req
storage, copy data to transmitter by executing P126.
Program example
CR10X program example to send fire weather data. If using the example
program, usi
helpful. In Edlog.exe, start a new program then press F5 to bring up the input
location editor. Type in the names for all the input locations. The input location
names are listed at the end of the program example. F6 will bring up a pick list
of all the input locations. Using the pick list helps to avoid mistakes when
selecting input locations.
at code 8 can be used with high or low resolution data. Three steps
uired to write a row of data: Set the output flag, write data to final
ng the input location editor to name all the input locations can be
D-3
Appendix D. RAWS-7 Data Format
;{CR10X}
;
; RAWS-7 Data format example program
;
;Description:
; Measurements:
; Battery voltage (BattVolt) - volts
; Air temperature (AirTemp) - Degrees F
; Relative humidity (RH) - Percent
; Wind speed (Wspd) - MPH
; Wind direction (Wdir) - Degrees 0 to 355
; Fuel temperature (FuelT) - Degrees F
; Fuel Moisture (FuelM) - Percent
; Precipitation (Prcip) - Hundredth of inch
; Solar radiation (Srad) - Watts per meter squared W/m^2
;
; Calculations:
; 10 minute averages for wind speed and direction.
; Hourly maximum wind speed with corresponding wind direction.
; Program Signature (Prog_Sig)
; RAWS-7 data format and transmission:
;
; Program based on a 3 hour window. Hourly data transmitted. The hourly
; RAWS-7 values are written to final storage at the top of the hour.
; At the top of the 3 hour interval, the RAWS-7 values are copied
; to the SAT HDR GOES transmitter. (P126, Self-timed/insert, format code 3).
; Four additional values are written to final storage and copied to
; the SAT HDR GOES:
; Hourly maximum wind speed and direction of max wind speed.
; Hourly average solar radiation.
; Hourly Fuel moisture
;
*Table 1 Program
01: 10 Execution Interval (seconds)
1: Batt Voltage (P10)
1: 1 Loc [ BattVolt ]
; Power up air temp and RH sensor (HMP45C-L)
2: Do (P86)
1: 41 Set Port 1 High
; Power up fuel moisture sensor
3: Do (P86)
1: 48 Set Port 8 High
D-4
Appendix D. RAWS-7 Data Format
; Measure Fuel Moisture
; Wiring:
; Power enable: C8
; Signal: SE 12
4: Period Average (SE) (P27)
1: 1 Reps
2: 4 200 kHz Max Freq @ 2 V Peak to Peak, Period Output
3: 12 SE Channel
4: 10 No. of Cycles
5: 5 Timeout (units = 0.01 seconds)
6: 28 Loc [ FuelM ]
7: .001 Mult
8: 0 Offset
5: Do (P86)
1: 58 Set Port 8 Low
; Measure temperature and RH (HMP45C-L)
6: Excitation with Delay (P22)
1: 1 Ex Channel
2: 0 Delay W/Ex (units = 0.01 sec)
3: 15 Delay After Ex (units = 0.01 sec)
4: 0 mV Excitation
7: Volt (SE) (P1)
1: 1 Reps
2: 25 2500 mV 60 Hz Rejection Range
3: 2 SE Channel
4: 3 Loc [ AirTemp ]
5: .1 Mult
6: -40 Offset
8: Volt (SE) (P1)
1: 1 Reps
2: 25 2500 mV 60 Hz Rejection Range
3: 1 SE Channel
4: 4 Loc [ RH ]
5: .1 Mult
6: 0 Offset
; Measure wind speed (03001-L)
9: Pulse (P3)
1: 1 Reps
2: 1 Pulse Channel 1
3: 21 Low Level AC, Output Hz
4: 5 Loc [ Wspd ]
5: 1.677 Mult ; MPH
6: 0.4 Offset
D-5
Appendix D. RAWS-7 Data Format
; Wind Direction (03001-L)
10: Excite-Delay (SE) (P4)
1: 1 Reps
2: 5 2500 mV Slow Range
3: 3 SE Channel
4: 2 Excite all reps w/Exchan 2
5: 2 Delay (units 0.01 sec)
6: 2500 mV Excitation
7: 6 Loc [ Wdir ]
8: 0.142 Mult
9: 0 Offset
; Measure fuel temp
11: Temp (107) (P11)
1: 1 Reps
2: 9 SE Channel
3: 3 Excite all reps w/E3
4: 7 Loc [ FuelT ]
5: 1.8 Mult
6: 32 Offset
; Measure precip (TE525-L)
12: Pulse (P3)
1: 1 Reps
2: 2 Pulse Channel 2
3: 2 Switch Closure, All Counts
4: 8 Loc [ Prcip ]
5: 0.01 Mult
6: 0 Offset
; Measure solar radiation (LI200X-L)
13: Volt (Diff) (P2)
1: 1 Reps
2: 22 7.5 mV 60 Hz Rejection Range
3: 3 DIFF Channel
4: 9 Loc [ SRad ]
5: 200 Mult
6: 0 Offset
; **** Start of calculation section ****
; Set negative solar radiation values to zero
14: If (X<=>F) (P89)
1: 9 X Loc [ SRad ]
2: 4 <
3: 0 F
4: 30 Then Do
15: Z=F (P30)
1: 0 F
2: 0 Exponent of 10
3: 9 Z Loc [ SRad ]
16: End (P95)
D-6
; Correct Fuel Moisture
17: Polynomial (P55)
1: 1 Reps
2: 28 X Loc [ FuelM ]
3: 28 F(X) Loc [ FuelM ]
4: -220.14 C0
5: 365.89 C1
6: -114.96 C2
7: 0.0 C3
8: 0.0 C4
9: 0.0 C5
; Convert Air Temp to degrees F
18: Z=X*F (P37)
1: 3 X Loc [ AirTemp ]
2: 1.8 F
3: 3 Z Loc [ AirTemp ]
19: Z=X+F (P34)
1: 3 X Loc [ AirTemp ]
2: 32.0 F
3: 3 Z Loc [ AirTemp ]
Appendix D. RAWS-7 Data Format
; Eliminate RH values greater than 100
20: If (X<=>F) (P89)
1: 4 X Loc [ RH ]
2: 3 >=
3: 100 F
4: 30 Then Do
21: Z=F (P30)
1: 100 F
2: 0 Exponent of 10
3: 4 Z Loc [ RH ]
22: End (P95)
; correct zero wind speed offset.
23: If (X<=>F) (P89)
1: 5 X Loc [ Wspd ]
2: 4 <
3: 0.4001 F
4: 30 Then Do
24: Z=F (P30)
1: 0 F
2: 0 Exponent of 10
3: 5 Z Loc [ Wspd ]
25: End (P95)
D-7
Appendix D. RAWS-7 Data Format
; if no fuel temp sensor,
; load 999 for data value
26: If (X<=>F) (P89)
1: 7 X Loc [ FuelT ]
2: 4 <
3: -35 F
4: 30 Then Do
27: Z=F (P30)
1: 999 F
2: 0 Exponent of 10
3: 7 Z Loc [ FuelT ]
28: End (P95)
29: If (X<=>F) (P89)
1: 7 X Loc [ FuelT ]
2: 3 >=
3: 55 F
4: 30 Then Do
30: Z=F (P30)
1: 999 F
2: 00 Exponent of 10
3: 7 Z Loc [ FuelT ]
31: End (P95)
; Calculate program signature once a day
32: If time is (P92)
1: 0 Minutes (Seconds --) into a
2: 1440 Interval (same units as above)
3: 30 Then Do
33: Signature (P19)
1: 2 Loc [ Prog_Sig ]
34: End (P95)
; Calculate and hold 10 minute averages for Wspd and Wdir
; Values are written to input locations 10 and 11 (Avg10WS, Avg10WD)
35: If time is (P92)
1: 0 Minutes (Seconds --) into a
2: 10 Interval (same units as above)
3: 10 Set Output Flag High (Flag 0)
; Direct output processing to input locations
36: Set Active Storage Area (P80)
1: 3 Input Storage Area
2: 10 Loc [ Avg10WS ]
D-8
; Calculate average wind speed and direction
37: Wind Vector (P69)
1: 1 Reps
2: 0 Samples per Sub-Interval
3: 1 S, é1 Polar
4: 5 Wind Speed/East Loc [ Wspd ]
5: 6 Wind Direction/North Loc [ Wdir ]
; Calculate and hold hourly Max Wspd and Wdir in input
; locations 12 and 13 (MaxHrWS, MaxHrWD)
38: If time is (P92)
1: 0 Minutes (Seconds --) into a
2: 60 Interval (same units as above)
3: 10 Set Output Flag High (Flag 0)
; Direct output processing to input locations
39: Set Active Storage Area (P80)
1: 3 Input Storage Area
2: 12 Loc [ MaxHrWS ]
40: Maximum (P73)
1: 1 Reps
2: 0 Value Only
3: 5 Loc [ Wspd ]
Appendix D. RAWS-7 Data Format
41: Sample on Max or Min (P79)
1: 1 Reps
2: 6 Loc [ Wdir ]
; Write hourly RAWS-7 data to final storage area 1.
; Order is important, First in - First out.
;Precip (Hourly Total)
;Wind Speed (10 minute Average prior to the hour)
;Wind Direction (10 minute Average prior to the hour)
;Air Temperature (Hourly Sample)
;Fuel Temperature (Hourly Sample)
;RH (Hourly Sample)
;Battery Voltage (Hourly Minimum)
42: If time is (P92)
1: 0 Minutes (Seconds --) into a
2: 60 Interval (same units as above)
3: 10 Set Output Flag High (Flag 0)
; Direct output processing to final storage area 1
43: Set Active Storage Area (P80)
1: 1 Final Storage Area 1
2: 60 Array ID
44: Totalize (P72)
1: 1 Reps
2: 8 Loc [ Prcip ]
45: Sample (P70)
1: 1 Reps
2: 10 Loc [ Avg10WS ]
D-9
Appendix D. RAWS-7 Data Format
46: Sample (P70)
1: 1 Reps
2: 11 Loc [ Avg10WD ]
47: Sample (P70)
1: 1 Reps
2: 3 Loc [ AirTemp ]
48: Sample (P70)
1: 1 Reps
2: 7 Loc [ FuelT ]
49: Sample (P70)
1: 1 Reps
2: 4 Loc [ RH ]
50: Minimum (P74)
1: 1 Reps
2: 0 Value Only
3: 1 Loc [ BattVolt ]
; Send the basic RAWS-7 data to the SAT HDR GOES 5 minutes before transmit time.
; FS 1 must contain only the new RAWS-7 data, 3 hours of data.
51: If time is (P92)
1: 65 Minutes (Seconds --) into a
2: 180 Interval (same units as above)
3: 30 Then Do
; P126 set to "insert" data to "self-timed" buffer.
; Insert will erase the buffer before sending the
; new RAWS-7 data.
52: Data Transfer to HDR GOES (P126)
1: 1 Self Timed/Insert
2: 3 ASCII RAWS-7 Format
3: 14 Result Code Loc [ P126_RC ]
53: End (P95)
; ***********************************************
; Calculate and hold data beyond the RAWS-7 data.
; ***********************************************
; Four additional data values are written.
; Must create a table, one column for each hour.
; Each column has 4 data points:
; Direction of Max wind speed, Max wind speed,
; Ave Solar Radiation, fuel moisture.
; Solar radiation is in high resolution format.
D-10
; FIRST HOUR
; First hour (column 1) is the top of the first hour after
; the transmit window.
; Move hourly values to "old" place holders
; Input storage is used to hold hourly data until
Appendix D. RAWS-7 Data Format
; 3 hours of RAWS-7 data has been written to final storage
; and sent to the transmitter
54: If time is (P92)
1: 120 Minutes (Seconds --) into a ;changed 3/31/0
2: 180 Interval (same units as above)
3: 10 Set Output Flag High (Flag 0)
55: Set Active Storage Area (P80)
1: 3 Input Storage Area
2: 16 Loc [ MaxWD_Old ]
56: Sample (P70)
1: 1 Reps
2: 13 Loc [ WDHrMxWS ]
57: Set Active Storage Area (P80)
1: 3 Input Storage Area
2: 19 Loc [ MaxWS_Old ]
58: Sample (P70)
1: 1 Reps
2: 12 Loc [ MaxHrWS ]
59: Set Active Storage Area (P80)
1: 3 Input Storage Area
2: 22 Loc [ SRad_Old ]
;Solar radiation is high resolution format
60: Resolution (P78)
1: 1 High Resolution
61: Average (P71)
1: 1 Reps
2: 9 Loc [ SRad ]
62: Resolution (P78)
1: 0 Low Resolution
; Fuel Moisture
63: Set Active Storage Area (P80)
1: 3 Input Storage Area
2: 25 Loc [ FM_Old ]
64: Sample (P70)
1: 1 Reps
2: 28 Loc [ FuelM ]
;SECOND HOUR
; At the second hour of a 3 hour interval, move hourly data
; values to the "mid" place holders.
65: If time is (P92)
1: 0 Minutes (Seconds --) into a ;changed 3/31/0
2: 180 Interval (same units as above)
3: 10 Set Output Flag High (Flag 0)
D-11
Appendix D. RAWS-7 Data Format
66: Set Active Storage Area (P80)
1: 3 Input Storage Area
2: 17 Loc [ MaxWD_Mid ]
67: Sample (P70)
1: 1 Reps
2: 13 Loc [ WDHrMxWS ]
68: Set Active Storage Area (P80)
1: 3 Input Storage Area
2: 20 Loc [ MaxWS_Mid ]
69: Sample (P70)
1: 1 Reps
2: 12 Loc [ MaxHrWS ]
70: Set Active Storage Area (P80)
1: 3 Input Storage Area
2: 23 Loc [ SRad_Mid ]
71: Resolution (P78)
1: 1 High Resolution
72: Average (P71)
1: 1 Reps
2: 9 Loc [ SRad ]
73: Resolution (P78)
1: 0 Low Resolution
74: Set Active Storage Area (P80)
1: 3 Input Storage Area
2: 26 Loc [ FM_Mid ]
75: Sample (P70)
1: 1 Reps
2: 28 Loc [ FuelM ]
;THIRD HOUR
; At the top of the 3rd hour, move hourly data values
; to the "new" place holders
76: If time is (P92)
1: 60 Minutes (Seconds --) into a ;changed 3/31/0
2: 180 Interval (same units as above)
3: 10 Set Output Flag High (Flag 0)
77: Set Active Storage Area (P80)
1: 3 Input Storage Area
2: 18 Loc [ MaxWD_New ]
D-12
78: Sample (P70)
1: 1 Reps
2: 13 Loc [ WDHrMxWS ]
79: Set Active Storage Area (P80)
1: 3 Input Storage Area
2: 21 Loc [ MaxWS_New ]
80: Sample (P70)
1: 1 Reps
2: 12 Loc [ MaxHrWS ]
81: Set Active Storage Area (P80)
1: 3 Input Storage Area
2: 24 Loc [ SRad_New ]
82: Resolution (P78)
1: 1 High Resolution
83: Average (P71)
1: 1 Reps
2: 9 Loc [ SRad ]
84: Resolution (P78)
1: 0 Low Resolution
Appendix D. RAWS-7 Data Format
85: Set Active Storage Area (P80)
1: 3 Input Storage Area
2: 27 Loc [ FM_New ]
86: Sample (P70)
1: 1 Reps
2: 28 Loc [ FuelM ]
; **********************************************
; Data values beyond RAWS-7, written to final
; storage and copied to transmitter
; **********************************************
; Write wind direction of the max wind speed, max wind speed,
; average solar radiation and fuel moisture to FS 1 and the GOES transmitter.
; Format will look like:
; xxx xxx xxx Dir Max WS : Oldest to the left
; xxx xxx xxx Max WS : Oldest to the left
; xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx Avg SRad : Oldest to the left
; xxx xxx xxx fuel mois : Oldest to the left
;P126 Instruction, Parameter 2 Options
; 3 RAWS-7 Output
; 4 xxx.x ASCII Output
; 5 xx.xx ASCII Output
; 6 x.xxx ASCII Output
; 7 xxx ASCII Output
; 8 xxxxx ASCII Output of a high resolution value
D-13
Appendix D. RAWS-7 Data Format
; No less than 5 minutes before transmit time, data is
; written to final storage and copied to the transmitter
87: If time is (P92)
1: 65 Minutes (Seconds --) into a
2: 180 Interval (same units as above)
3: 30 Then Do
88: Do (P86)
1: 10 Set Output Flag High (Flag 0)
89: Set Active Storage Area (P80)
1: 1 Final Storage Area 1
2: 123 Array ID
; Write first row after RAWS-7 data, Row 8.
; Direction of max wind speed
90: Sample (P70)
1: 3 Reps
2: 16 Loc [ MaxWD_Old ]
; Copy Row 8 to transmitter
91: Data Transfer to HDR GOES (P126)
1: 0 Self-Timed/Append
2: 7 ASCII xxx Format
3: 14 Result Code Loc [ P126_RC ]
92: Do (P86)
1: 10 Set Output Flag High (Flag 0)
; Write row 9 to final storage, Max Wind Speed
93: Sample (P70)
1: 3 Reps
2: 19 Loc [ MaxWS_Old ]
; Copy to transmitter
94: Data Transfer to HDR GOES (P126)
1: 0 Self-Timed/Append
2: 7 ASCII xxx Format
3: 14 Result Code Loc [ P126_RC ]
95: Do (P86)
1: 10 Set Output Flag High (Flag 0)
; Set resolution high
96: Resolution (P78)
1: 1 High Resolution
; Write row 10 to final storage
97: Sample (P70)
1: 3 Reps
2: 22 Loc [ SRad_Old ]
D-14
; set resolution low
98: Resolution (P78)
1: 0 Low Resolution
; Copy row 10 to transmitter
99: Data Transfer to HDR GOES (P126)
1: 0 Self-Timed/Append
2: 8 ASCII xxxxx Format
3: 14 Result Code Loc [ P126_RC ]
100: Do (P86)
1: 10 Set Output Flag High (Flag 0)
; Write row 11 to final storage
101: Sample (P70)
1: 3 Reps
2: 25 Loc [ FM_Old ]
; Copy row 11 to transmitter
102: Data Transfer to HDR GOES (P126)
1: 0 Self-Timed/Append
2: 7 ASCII xxx Format
3: 14 Result Code Loc [ P126_RC ]
103: End (P95)
Appendix D. RAWS-7 Data Format
*Table 2 Program
02: 600 Execution Interval (seconds)
1: If time is (P92)
1: 0 Minutes (Seconds --) into a
2: 180 Interval (same units as above)
3: 30 Then Do
2: HDR GOES Status (P127)
1: 2 Read Last Message Status
2: 30 Result Code Loc [ L_Msg_RC ]
3: Z=X*F (P37)
1: 35 X Loc [ Batt_load ]
2: .1 F
3: 35 Z Loc [ Batt_load ]
4: Z=X*F (P37)
1: 36 X Loc [ GPSAccTm ]
2: 10 F
3: 36 Z Loc [ GPSAccTm ]
5: End (P95)
; Set datalogger clock to GPS time once a day
6: If time is (P92)
1: 150 Minutes (Seconds --) into a
2: 1440 Interval (same units as above)
3: 30 Then Do
7: HDR GOES Status (P127)
1: 0 Read Time
2: 44 Result Code Loc [ time_rc ]
D-15
Appendix D. RAWS-7 Data Format
8: If (X<=>F) (P89)
1: 44 X Loc [ time_rc ]
2: 4 <
3: 1 F
4: 30 Then Do
9: If (X<=>F) (P89)
1: 45 X Loc [ GPS_hour ]
2: 3 >=
3: 0 F
4: 30 Then Do
10: If (X<=>F) (P89)
1: 45 X Loc [ GPS_hour ]
2: 4 <
3: 24.1 F
4: 30 Then Do
11: Set Real Time Clock (P114)
1: 0 Set Hr,Min,Sec from locations
2: 45 Loc [ GPS_hour ]
12: End (P95)
13: End (P95)
14: End (P95)
15: End (P95)
16: If time is (P92)
1: 0 Minutes (Seconds --) into a
2: 180 Interval (same units as above)
3: 10 Set Output Flag High (Flag 0)
17: Set Active Storage Area (P80)
1: 2 Final Storage Area 2
2: 222 Array ID
18: Real Time (P77)
1: 0220 Day,Hour/Minute (midnight = 2400)
19: Sample (P70)
1: 1 Reps
2: 14 Loc [ P126_RC ]
20: Sample (P70)
1: 8 Reps
2: 30 Loc [ L_Msg_RC ]
21: Sample (P70)
1: 1 Reps
2: 2 Loc [ Prog_Sig ]
D-16
*Table 3 Subroutines
End Program
Appendix E. GOES DCS Transmit Frequencies
300 & 100 BPS Channels 1200 BPS Channels
Channel Frequency Channel Frequency
Number MHz Number+ A MHz
1 401.701000 1 401.701750
2 401.702500
3 401.704000 2 401.704750
4 401.705500
5 401.707000 3 401.707750
6 401.708500
7 401.710000 4 401.710750
8 401.711500
9 401.713000 5 401.713750
10 401.714500
11 401.716000 6 401.716750
12 401.717500
13 401.719000 7 401.719750
14 401.720500
15 401.722000 8 401.722750
16 401.723500
17 401.725000 9 401.725750
18 401.726500
19 401.728000 10 401.728750
20 401.729500
21 401.731000 11 401.731750
22 401.732500
23 401.734000 12 401.734750
24 401.735500
25 401.737000 13 401.737750
26 401.738500
27 401.740000 14 401.740750
28 401.741500
29 401.743000 15 401.743750
30 401.744500
31 401.746000 16 401.746750
32 401.747500
33 401.749000 17 401.749750
34 401.750500
35 401.752000 18 401.752750
36 401.753500
37 401.755000 19 401.755750
38 401.756500
39 401.758000 20 401.758750
40 401.759500
41 401.761000 21 401.761750
42 401.762500
43 401.764000 22 401.764750
44 401.765500
45 401.767000 23 401.767750
46 401.768500
47 401.770000 24 401.770750
300 & 100 BPS Channels 1200 BPS Channels
Channel Frequency Channel Frequency
Number MHz Number+ A MHz
48 401.771500
49 401.773000 25 401.773750
50 401.774500
51 401.776000 26 401.776750
52 401.777500
53 401.779000 27 401.779750
54 401.780500
55 401.782000 28 401.782750
56 401.783500
57 401.785000 29 401.785750
58 401.786500
59 401.788000 30 401.788750
60 401.789500
61 401.791000 31 401.791750
62 401.792500
63 401.794000 32 401.794750
64 401.795500
65 401.797000 33 401.797750
66 401.798500
67 401.800000 34 401.800750
68 401.801500
69 401.803000 35 401.803750
70 401.804500
71 401.806000 36 401.806750
72 401.807500
73 401.809000 37 401.809750
74 401.810500
75 401.812000 38 401.812750
76 401.813500
77 401.815000 39 401.815750
78 401.816500
79 401.818000 40 401.818750
80 401.819500
81 401.821000 41 401.821750
82 401.822500
83 401.824000 42 401.824750
84 401.825500
85 401.827000 43 401.827750
86 401.828500
87 401.830000 44 401.830750
88 401.831500
89 401.833000 45 401.833750
90 401.834500
91 401.836000 46 401.836750
92 401.837500
93 401.839000 47 401.839750
94 401.840500
E-1
Appendix E. GOES DCS Transmit Frequencies
300 & 100 BPS Channels 1200 BPS Channels
Channel Frequency Channel Frequency
Number MHz Number+ A MHz
95 401.842000 48 401.842750
96 401.843500
97 401.845000 49 401.845750
98 401.846500
99 401.848000 50 401.848750
100 401.849500
101 401.851000 51 401.851750
102 401.852500
103 401.854000 52 401.854750
104 401.855500
105 401.857000 53 401.857750
106 401.858500
107 401.860000 54 401.860750
108 401.861500
109 401.863000 55 401.863750
110 401.864500
111 401.866000 56 401.866750
112 401.867500
113 401.869000 57 401.869750
114 401.870500
115 401.872000 58 401.872750
116 401.873500
117 401.875000 59 401.875750
118 401.876500
119 401.878000 60 401.878750
120 401.879500
121 401.881000 61 401.881750
122 401.882500
123 401.884000 62 401.884750
124 401.885500
125 401.887000 63 401.887750
126 401.888500
127 401.890000 64 401.890750
128 401.891500
129 401.893000 65 401.893750
130 401.894500
131 401.896000 66 401.896750
132 401.897500
133 401.899000 67 401.899750
134 401.900500
135 401.902000 68 401.902750
136 401.903500
137 401.905000 69 401.905750
138 401.906500
139 401.908000 70 401.908750
140 401.909500
141 401.911000 71 401.911750
142 401.912500
143 401.914000 72 401.914750
144 401.915500
300 & 100 BPS Channels
Channel Frequency Channel Frequency
Number MHz Number+ A MHz
145 401.917000 73 401.917750
146 401.918500
147 401.920000 74 401.920750
148 401.921500
149 401.923000 75 401.923750
150 401.924500
151 401.926000 76 401.926750
152 401.927500
153 401.929000 77 401.929750
154 401.930500
155 401.932000 78 401.932750
156 401.933500
157 401.935000 79 401.935750
158 401.936500
159 401.938000 80 401.938750
160 401.939500
161 401.941000 81 401.941750
162 401.942500
163 401.944000 82 401.944750
164 401.945500
165 401.947000 83 401.947750
166 401.948500
167 401.950000 84 401.950750
168 401.951500
169 401.953000 85 401.953750
170 401.954500
171 401.956000 86 401.956750
172 401.957500
173 401.959000 87 401.959750
174 401.960500
175 401.962000 88 401.962750
176 401.963500
177 401.965000 89 401.965750
178 401.966500
179 401.968000 90 401.968750
180 401.969500
181 401.971000 91 401.971750
182 401.972500
183 401.974000 92 401.974750
184 401.975500
185 401.977000 93 401.977750
186 401.978500
187 401.980000 94 401.980750
188 401.981500
189 401.983000 95 401.983750
190 401.984500
191 401.986000 96 401.986750
192 401.987500
193 401.989000 97 401.989750
194 401.990500
1200 BPS Channels
E-2
Appendix E. GOES DCS Transmit Frequencies
300 & 100 BPS Channels 1200 BPS Channels
Channel Frequency Channel Frequency
Number MHz Number+ A MHz
195 401.992000 98 401.992750
196 401.993500
197 401.995000 99 401.995750
198 401.996500
199 401.998000 100 401.998750
200 401.999500
201 402.001000 101 402.001750
202 402.002500
203 402.004000 102 402.004750
204 402.005500
205 402.007000 103 402.007750
206 402.008500
207 402.010000 104 402.010750
208 402.011500
209 402.013000 105 402.013750
210 402.014500
211 402.016000 106 402.016750
212 402.017500
213 402.019000 107 402.019750
214 402.020500
215 402.022000 108 402.022750
216 402.023500
217 402.025000 109 402.025750
218 402.026500
219 402.028000 110 402.028750
220 402.029500
221 402.031000 111 402.031750
222 402.032500
223 402.034000 112 402.034750
224 402.035500
225 402.037000 113 402.037750
226 402.038500
227 402.040000 114 402.040750
228 402.041500
229 402.043000 115 402.043750
230 402.044500
231 402.046000 116 402.046750
232 402.047500
233 402.049000 117 402.049750
234 402.050500
235 402.052000 118 402.052750
236 402.053500
237 402.055000 119 402.055750
238 402.056500
239 402.058000 120 402.058750
240 402.059500
241 402.061000 121 402.061750
242 402.062500
243 402.064000 122 402.064750
244 402.065500
300 & 100 BPS Channels 1200 BPS Channels
Channel Frequency Channel Frequency
Number MHz Number+ A MHz
245 402.067000 123 402.067750
246 402.068500
247 402.070000 124 402.070750
248 402.071500
249 402.073000 125 402.073750
250 402.074500
251 402.076000 126 402.076750
252 402.077500
253 402.079000 127 402.079750
254 402.080500
255 402.082000 128 402.082750
256 402.083500
257 402.085000 129 402.085750
258 402.086500
259 402.088000 130 402.088750
260 402.089500
261 402.091000 131 402.091750
262 402.092500
263 402.094000 132 402.094750
264 402.095500
265 402.097000 133 402.097750
266 402.098500
E-3
Appendix E. GOES DCS Transmit Frequencies
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E-4
Appendix F. High Resolution 18-Bit Binary Format
When using the binary 18 bit signed 2’s complement integer format, all data
values in the datalogger final storage area must be in high resolution format. In
most cases the datalogger program should set the data resolution to high at the
beginning of the program. Use the P78 instruction with parameter 1 set to 1.
Note: P77 Real Time can not write the time or date in high resolution. To send
a time stamp, first write the time back to input locations, then sample the input
locations as high resolution. As an alternative to using P77 for a time stamp, the
GPS time can be retrieved from the transmitter and written to final storage in
high resolution format. See instruction P127 for details.
Because the binary 18 bit integer is an integer, all information to the right of the
m
al point is dropped. This occurs while the datalogger is copying data to
deci
the transmitter. The original data is left intact in final storage of the datalogger.
If transmitted data requires precision to the right of the decimal place, multiply
the number by the required factor of 10 before storing the data to final storage.
After data is received by the ground station, division by the appropriate factor
of 10 will replace the decimal point.
In high resolutio n format, data sto red in final storage has a maximum
gnitude of 99999 and a minimum magnitude of 0.00001.
a
m
NESDIS has placed restrictions on the format of data sent over the GOES
e
satellite n
per byte. The second restriction is the most significant data bit of each byte, bit
6, is always set. Without data, each byte transmitted over the satellite has the
format of “p1xxxxxx”. The x’s will hold the 6 bits per byte allocated to data
information. The “p” is the parity bit and the “1” is bit 6 which is always set.
Resolution of each data point would be severely limited if the data point
consisted of only 6 bits. We use 3 consecutive bytes to form a data point word.
The first byte sent is byte 3, the most significant byte. A complete word is
created by using 3 consecutive bytes, stripping the 2 most significant bits from
each byte, then combining the 3 bytes into a word. See the examples below.
17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
p 1 x x x x x x p 1 x x x x x x p 1 x x x x x x
twork. The first restriction is the use of 7 data bits and one parity bit
Each data point is formatted as an 18 bit integer. The format uses the
st significant bit (bit 17) to designate sign. The format of each 3
o
m
byte data point is as follows, note the top row shows the bits used and
there significance.
Where each “p” is the parity bit for that byte.
Where each “1” is bit 6 for that byte and always set to 1
Where the 6 “x”s represent bits 0 through 5, these make up t he
ormation for each byte.
inf
Where the 18 bit data point is made by combining the three bytes after
d bit 6 of
bit 7 an
Where 0 represents bit 0 - the least significant bit
each byte have been dropped.
F-1
Appendix F. High Resolution 18-Bit Binary Format
Where 17 represents bit 17 - the most significant bit and is used to
determine the sign.
Converting the 18 bit data point to an integer can be done manually. Don’t
r
get the 18 bi t s are numbered 0 through 17. Bit 17 is the sign bit, when bit 17
fo
is set, the number is negative. If bit 17 is set, subtract 1 from the number then
take the complement of the number. If bit 17 is not set, simply convert the
number to its decimal equivalent.
Example positive data point conversion:
Byte Labe l byte 3 byte 2 byte 1
Actual data point 01000101 11110010 11010010
Drop first 2 bits of
each byte 000101 110010 010010
Combine the 3
bytes into one word 000101 110010 010010
Convert from Binary to Decimal 23698
Example of a negative data point conversio n:
Byte Labe l byte 3 byte 2 byte 1
Actual data point 01111010 11001101 11101101
Drop first 2 bits of
each byte 111010 001101 101101
Notice bit 17 is set,
Combine the 3
bytes into one word 111010 001101 101101
Subtract 1 from the number 111010 001101 101100
Take the complement of
each bit 000101 110010 010011
Convert the binary value
into a decimal value, don’t
forget the negative sign -23699
F-2
Appendix G. GOES/Radio Set Certification
G-1
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