09/2019
Copyright © 2019
Campbell Scientific, Inc.
Limited warranty
“Products manufactured by CSI are warranted by CSI to be free from defects in materials and
workmanship under normal use and service for twelve months from the date of shipment unless
otherwise specified in the corresponding product manual. (Product manuals are available for
review online at www.campbellsci.com.) Products not manufactured by CSI, but that are resold by
CSI, are warranted only to the limits extended by the original manufacturer. Batteries, fine-wire
thermocouples, desiccant, and other consumables have no warranty. CSI’s obligation under this
warranty is limited to repairing or replacing (at CSI’s option) defective Products, which shall be
the sole and exclusive remedy under this warranty. The Customer assumes all costs of removing,
reinstalling, and shipping defective Products to CSI. CSI will return such Products by surface
carrier prepaid within the continental United States of America. To all other locations, CSI will
return such Products best way CIP (port of entry) per Incoterms ® 2010. This warranty shall not
apply to any Products which have been subjected to modification, misuse, neglect, improper
service, accidents of nature, or shipping damage. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties,
expressed or implied. The warranty for installation services performed by CSI such as
programming to customer specifications, electrical connections to Products manufactured by CSI,
and Product specific training, is part of CSI's product warranty. CSI EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS AND
EXCLUDES ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. CSI hereby disclaims, to the fullest extent allowed by applicable law, any and all
warranties and conditions with respect to the Products, whether express, implied or statutory,
other than those expressly provided herein.”
Assistance
Products may not be returned without prior authorization. The following contact information is
for US and international customers residing in countries served by Campbell Scientific, Inc.
directly. Affiliate companies handle repairs for customers within their territories. Please visit
www.campbellsci.com to determine which Campbell Scientific company serves your country.
To obtain a Returned Materials Authorization (RMA) number, contact CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC,
INC., phone (435) 227-9000. Please write the issued RMA number clearly on the outside of the
shipping container. Campbell Scientific’s shipping address is:
CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.
RMA#_____
815 West 1800 North
Logan, Utah 84321-1784
For all returns, the customer must fill out a “Statement of Product Cleanliness and
Decontamination” form and comply with the requirements specified in it. The form is available
from our website at www.campbellsci.com/repair. A completed form must be either emailed to
repair@campbellsci.com or faxed to (435) 227-9106. Campbell Scientific is unable to process any
returns until we receive this form. If the form is not received within three days of product receipt
or is incomplete, the product will be returned to the customer at the customer’s expense.
Campbell Scientific reserves the right to refuse service on products that were exposed to
contaminants that may cause health or safety concerns for our employees.
Safety
DANGER — MANY HAZARDS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INSTALLING, USING, MAINTAINING, AND WORKING ON OR AROUND TRIPODS,
TOWERS, AND ANY ATTACHMENTS TO TRIPODS AND TOWERS SUCH AS SENSORS, CROSSARMS, ENCLOSURES, ANTENNAS, ETC. FAILURE
TO PROPERLY AND COMPLETELY ASSEMBLE, INSTALL, OPERATE, USE, AND MAINTAIN TRIPODS, TOWERS, AND ATTACHMENTS, AND
FAILURE TO HEED WARNINGS, INCREASES THE RISK OF DEATH, ACCIDENT, SERIOUS INJURY, PROPERTY DAMAGE, AND PRODUCT FAILURE.
TAKE ALL REASONABLE PRECAUTIONS TO AVOID THESE HAZARDS. CHECK WITH YOUR ORGANIZATION'S SAFETY COORDINATOR (OR
POLICY) FOR PROCEDURES AND REQUIRED PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PRIOR TO PERFORMING ANY WORK.
Use tripods, towers, and attachments to tripods and towers only for purposes for which they are designed. Do not exceed design limits. Be
familiar and comply with all instructions provided in product manuals. Manuals are available at www.campbellsci.com or by telephoning
(435) 227-9000 (USA). You are responsible for conformance with governing codes and regulations, including safety regulations, and the
integrity and location of structures or land to which towers, tripods, and any attachments are attached. Installation sites should be evaluated
and approved by a qualified engineer. If questions or concerns arise regarding installation, use, or maintenance of tripods, towers,
attachments, or electrical connections, consult with a licensed and qualified engineer or electrician.
General
l Prior to performing site or installation work, obtain required approvals and permits. Comply with all governing structure-height
regulations, such as those of the FAA in the USA.
l Use only qualified personnel for installation, use, and maintenance of tripods and towers, and any attachments to tripods and
towers. The use of licensed and qualified contractors is highly recommended.
l Read all applicable instructions carefully and understand procedures thoroughly before beginning work.
l Wear a hardhat and eye protection, and take other appropriate safety precautions while working on or around tripods and towers.
l Do not climb tripods or towers at any time, and prohibit climbing by other persons. Take reasonable precautions to secure tripod
and tower sites from trespassers.
l Use only manufacturer recommended parts, materials, and tools.
Utility and Electrical
l You can be killed or sustain serious bodily injury if the tripod, tower, or attachments you are installing, constructing, using, or
maintaining, or a tool, stake, or anchor, come in contact with overhead or underground utility lines.
l Maintain a distance of at least one-and-one-half times structure height, 20 feet, or the distance required by applicable law,
whichever is greater, between overhead utility lines and the structure (tripod, tower, attachments, or tools).
l Prior to performing site or installation work, inform all utility companies and have all underground utilities marked.
l Comply with all electrical codes. Electrical equipment and related grounding devices should be installed by a licensed and qualified
electrician.
Elevated Work and Weather
l Exercise extreme caution when performing elevated work.
l Use appropriate equipment and safety practices.
l During installation and maintenance, keep tower and tripod sites clear of un-trained or non-essential personnel. Take precautions to
prevent elevated tools and objects from dropping.
l Do not perform any work in inclement weather, including wind, rain, snow, lightning, etc.
Maintenance
l Periodically (at least yearly) check for wear and damage, including corrosion, stress cracks, frayed cables, loose cable clamps, cable
tightness, etc. and take necessary corrective actions.
l Periodically (at least yearly) check electrical ground connections.
WHILE EVERY ATTEMPT IS MADE TO EMBODY THE HIGHEST DEGREE OF SAFETY IN ALL CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTS, THE CUSTOMER
ASSUMES ALL RISK FROM ANY INJURY RESULTING FROM IMPROPER INSTALLATION, USE, OR MAINTENANCE OF TRIPODS, TOWERS, OR
ATTACHMENTS TO TRIPODS AND TOWERS SUCH AS SENSORS, CROSSARMS, ENCLOSURES, ANTENNAS, ETC.
Table of contents
1. Introduction 1
2. Precautions 1
3. Initial inspection 1
4. Measurement quickstart using SURVEYOR 2
5. Programming quickstart using SURVEYOR 5
6. Programming quickstart using Short Cut 6
7. Overview 9
7.1 Wiring panel overview 10
7.1.1 Analog input 11
7.1.1.1 Single-ended measurements 11
7.1.1.2 Differential measurements 12
7.1.1.3 Period averaging 12
7.1.2 Voltage and current excitation 12
7.1.3 Switched voltage output 12
7.1.4 Grounding terminals 13
7.1.5 Power terminals 13
7.1.5.1 Power in 13
7.1.5.2 Power out 13
7.1.6 Communications ports 13
7.1.7 LED indicators 14
7.1.7.1 COMM status 14
7.1.7.2 CPI port 14
8. Specifications 14
8.1 Voltage measurements 14
8.2 Resistance measurements 16
8.3 Voltage and current excitation 17
8.4 Period averaging 18
8.5 Voltage output 19
8.5.1 Continuous 12 VDC 19
Table of Contents - iv
8.5.2 Switched 12 VDC 19
8.5.3 Switched 5 VDC 20
8.6 Module 20
8.6.1 Communications 20
8.6.2 System 21
8.6.3 Power requirements 21
8.6.4 Compliance 21
8.6.5 Physical attributes 21
9. Installation 21
9.1 Install driver for computer connection 22
9.2 Operating systems 22
9.3 Configuring VOLT 100 series 23
9.3.1 Configuring with SURVEYOR 23
9.3.2 Configuring with the CPIAddModule() instruction 23
9.3.3 Configuring with Device Configuration Utility 23
9.3.4 Configuring with CPIStatus table 24
9.4 Data logger programming 25
9.4.1 Scan buffers 25
9.4.2 GRANITE Measurement Module instructions 25
9.5 Data logger connection 26
9.6 Connecting multiple GRANITE Measurement Modules 26
9.6.1 Daisy-chain topology 26
9.6.2 Star topology 27
9.7 Power connection 28
9.7.1 Power-up sequence 29
9.8 Earth ground connection 29
9.9 Mounting in an enclosure 29
10. Operation 31
10.1 SURVEYOR control 31
10.2 Data logger control 31
10.3 Measurements 31
10.3.1 First notch frequency 32
10.3.2 Panel temperature 32
10.4 Fast measurements 33
10.4.1 Measurement speed 33
Table of Contents - v
10.4.1.1 Sub-scans 35
10.4.1.2 Burst measurements 35
10.4.2 CPI network bit rate 36
10.5 Multiple devices 37
10.6 Switched voltage output 37
11. Maintenance and calibration 38
12. Troubleshooting 38
12.1 CPIStatus table 39
12.2 COMM status LED 39
12.3 CPI port LEDs 40
12.4 Replacing a GRANITE measurement module 40
Appendix A. Importing Short Cut code into CRBasic Editor 41
Appendix B. Analog voltage measurement range and resolution 42
Appendix C. Example programs 45
C.1 Configuring GRANITE Measurement Module with CPIAddModule() 45
C.2 Measuring thermocouples 46
C.3 Measuring TEMP120 and VOLT108 at different speeds 47
C.4 Synchronized TEMP120 and VOLT108 measurements 48
C.5 Controlling an AM16/32B multiplexer 49
Appendix D. Calculating network restrictions 51
D.1 Example 1 51
D.2 Example 2 52
D.3 Example 3 53
Table of Contents - vi
1. Introduction
The VOLT 108 and VOLT 116 are 24-bit analog input modules that significantly increase the
number of analog channels in a data logger system. The VOLT 108 has eight differential channels
and the VOLT 116 has 16 differential channels.
The VOLT 108 and VOLT 116 feature a 24-bit analog-to-digital converter and a low-noise, analog
front-end to provide superior analog measurements. They also support period average
measurements and include both current and voltage excitation channels.
Connect up to 50 GRANITE Measurement Modules to a single data logger.
Throughout this manual, any reference to the VOLT 100 series applies to both the VOLT 108 and
VOLT 116, unless specifically noted.
2. Precautions
l READ AND UNDERSTAND the Safety (p. iii) section at the front of this manual.
l WARNING:
o
Protect from over-voltage
o
Protect from water
o
Protect from ESD (electrostatic discharge)
l IMPORTANT: Maintain a level of calibration appropriate to the application. Campbell
Scientific recommends factory recalibration of the VOLT 100 series every three years.
3. Initial inspection
l The VOLT 100 series ships with the following:
o
GRANITE Parts Kit (1)
o
Calibration certificate. For more information watch a video at
https://www.campbellsci.com/videos/calibration-certs.
VOLT 100 series 1
l Inspect the packaging and contents for damage immediately. File damage claims with the
shipping company.
l Check packaging materials for all products. Check model numbers, part numbers, product
descriptions, and cable lengths against shipping documents. Model or part numbers are
found on each product. Cable numbers are normally found at the end of the cable that
connects to the measurement device. Check that expected cable lengths were received.
Contact Campbell Scientific immediately if you find any discrepancies.
l Check the operating system version in the VOLT 100 series, and the data logger. Update as
needed. See Operating systems (p. 22).
4. Measurement quickstart using SURVEYOR
Campbell Scientific SURVEYOR software is an easy way to quickly see measurement results and
store data from the VOLT 100 series. The module configuration can be saved on the computer or
exported as a CRBasic data logger program. SURVEYOR is available as a download from
www.campbellsci.com/cs-surveyor.
This section will guide you through reading a differential Type-T thermocouple on a VOLT 100
series. With minor changes, these steps can apply to other compatible measurements.
1.
Open SURVEYOR .
2. Connect a USB cable between your computer and the VOLT 100 series USB port.
3. Apply 9.6 to 32 VDC external power using the green Power connector on the side of the
VOLT 100 series.
4.
Select Connect Now .
5. Select the communications port, it will be labeled similar to VOLT 100 series(COM3).
6. Make selections for Speed or Noise Rejection and CAN enabled. See the SURVEYOR help
for more information on all settings.
7. Click Apply.
8. Select a Sample Rate. For this exercise, select 10 Hz. (1/2 Hz is typical for thermocouple
measurements.)
VOLT 100 series 2
9. Add Measurement(s). For this exercise, add a Type-T differential thermocouple on DIFF1.
VOLT 100 series 3
10. Wire the sensor according to the given wiring diagram.
11. Complete the rest of the form and Apply to save the configuration.
VOLT 100 series 4
12. Check the resulting measurements in the numeric and graphic displays.
13.
Click Start Storing Data . While data is being stored the option to stop or
pause data storage become available.
5. Programming quickstart using SURVEYOR
Campbell Scientific SURVEYOR is an easy way to generate a simple CRBasic program for your
Campbell Scientific data acquisition system.
1. Configure the VOLT 100 series for measurements, see Measurement quickstart using
SURVEYOR (p. 2).
VOLT 100 series 5
2. Select File > Export Datalogger Program then select the data logger you will be connecting
the VOLT 100 series to. For this example, we'll select GRANITE 6.
3. By default, the CRBasic program will be saved in
C:\Users\username\Documents\SURVEYOR.
6. Programming quickstart using Short Cut
Short Cut is an easy way to program the GRANITE data acquisition system to measure a sensor
and assign wiring terminals. Short Cut is available as a download from
https://www.campbellsci.com/shortcut. It is also included in installations of LoggerNet and
RTDAQ.
The following procedure shows using Short Cut to program the data logger to measure a type-T
thermocouple on a VOLT 100 series.
1. Open Short Cut and click Create New Program.
2. Double-click your GRANITE data logger.
3. In the Available Sensors and Devices box, start typing GRANITE. You can also locate it in
the Devices folder. Double click the GRANITE Measurement Module you are working with.
Type the serial number located on the VOLT 100 series label. Optionally, type a name in the
Module ID String if you want the module to have an ID. This is useful when multiple VOLT
100 series modules are connected to the GRANITE data logger.
VOLT 100 series 6
4. In the Available Sensors and Devices box, type Type T. You can also locate the
thermocouple in the Sensors > Temperature folder. Double click Type T Thermocouple.
Type the number of type T thermocouples connected to the VOLT 100 series. The
temperature defaults to degree C. This can be changed by clicking the Temperature units
box and selecting one of the other options.
VOLT 100 series 7
5. Click on the Wiring tab to see how the sensor is to be wired to the VOLT 100 series. Click
OK after wiring the thermocouple.
6. Repeat steps four and five for other sensors you want to measure. Click Next.
7. In Output Setup, type the scan rate, a meaningful table name, and the Data Output
Storage Interval.
VOLT 100 series 8
8. Select the measurement and its associated output option.
9. Click Finish and save the program. Send the program just created to the GRANITE data
logger if it is connected to the computer.
10. If the thermocouple is connected to the VOLT 100 series, check the output of the
thermocouple in the data logger support software data display in LoggerNet or RTDAQ to
make sure it is making reasonable measurements.
7. Overview
The VOLT 100 series expands the number of analog measurement channels and increases the
measurement-speed potential in a data logger system. GRANITE Measurement Modules operate
through a data logger program and communicate using the CAN peripheral interface (CPI). A
single data logger can operate up to 50 GRANITE Measurement Modules.
The VOLT 100 series is compatible with the following data loggers:
l GRANITE 10
l GRANITE 9
l GRANITE 6
l CR6
l CR1000X
VOLT 100 series 9
7.1 Wiring panel overview
CAUTION:
To avoid damage to sensors and devices, ensure that each removable wiring-terminal strip is
connected to the VOLT 108 and VOLT 116 in the proper location before applying power. Each
strip is keyed identically.
FIGURE 7-1. VOLT 108 Wiring panel
FIGURE 7-2. VOLT 116 Wiring panel
VOLT 100 series 10
FIGURE 7-3. Power and CPI ports view (left) and ground lug view (right)
7.1.1 Analog input
Analog sensors output a continuous voltage or current signal that varies with the phenomena
measured. Sensors compatible with the VOLT 100 series output a voltage. Current output can be
made compatible with a resistive shunt.
Sensor connection is to H/L terminals configurable for differential (DIFF), single-ended (SE), or
period-average inputs. For example, differential channel 1 is comprised of terminals 1H and 1L,
with 1H as high and 1L as low.
l Maximum input voltage range: ±5000 mV
l Measurement resolution range: 0.020 to 14.756 µV
7.1.1.1 Single-ended measurements
A single-ended measurement measures the difference in voltage between the terminal
configured for single-ended input and the reference ground. Single-ended terminals are labeled
RMS
VOLT 100 series 11
in blue. The VOLT 108 has 16 SE terminals, and the VOLT 116 has 32. For example, single-ended
channel 1 is comprised of terminals 1 and ⏚.
7.1.1.2 Differential measurements
A differential measurement measures the difference in voltage between two input terminals. Use
a differential measurement to measure current by using external resistors to convert current to
voltage. The VOLT 108 has 8 H/L differential terminals, and the VOLT 116 has 16.
7.1.1.3 Period averaging
Single-ended terminals on the VOLT 100 series are also configurable for measuring the period of
an analog signal.
l Voltage gain: 1, 3.8, 19, 67
l Maximum frequency: 200 kHz
l Resolution: 130 ns ÷ number of cycles to be measured
7.1.2 Voltage and current excitation
X terminals supply switched voltage or current to sensors. The VOLT 108 has two X terminals, and
the VOLT 116 has four.
l Voltage Excitation (switched-analog output) – X terminals, configured for voltage
excitation output, supply precise voltage in the range of ±5000 mV. These terminals are
regularly used with resistive-bridge measurements. Each terminal will source up to ±50 mA.
l Current Excitation (switched-analog output) – X terminals, configured for current excitation
output, supply precise current in the range of ±2.5 mA. These terminals are regularly used
with resistive-bridge measurements.
7.1.3 Switched voltage output
SW5V and SW12V terminals supply voltage and control for sensors. The VOLT 108 includes two
SW5V and one SW12V terminals. The VOLT 116 includes four SW5V and two SW12V terminals.
l 5 V control – SW5V terminals supply 5000 mV. See Switched 5 VDC (p. 20) for information
on voltage and current sourcing limits.
l Switched 12 V – SW12V terminals supply 12 V and will source up to 200 mA each.
VOLT 100 series 12
7.1.4 Grounding terminals
Proper grounding lends stability and protection to a data acquisition system. It is the easiest and
least expensive insurance against data loss — and often the most neglected. The following
terminals are provided for connection of sensor and VOLT 100 series grounds:
l Signal Ground (⏚) – reference for single-ended analog inputs, excitation returns, and as a
ground for sensor shield wires. Current loop sensors, however, should be grounded to
power ground.
l Power Ground (G) – return for 5V, 12V, and current loop sensors. Use of G grounds for
these outputs minimizes potentially large current flow through the analog-voltagemeasurement section of the wiring panel, which can cause single-ended voltage
measurement errors.
l Earth Ground Lug (⏚) – connection point for a heavy-gage earth-ground wire. A good
earth connection is necessary to secure the ground potential of the VOLT 100 series and
shunt transients away from electronics. 14 AWG wire, minimum, is recommended.
NOTE:
Several ground wires can be connected to the same ground terminal.
7.1.5 Power terminals
7.1.5.1 Power in
The removable Power connector is the connection point for external power supply components.
The power supply must be in the range of 9.6 to 32 VDC.
7.1.5.2 Power out
The VOLT 100 series can be used as a power source for sensors. The following voltage terminals
are available:
l 12V and SW12V – Regulated 12 VDC when the supply voltage is 14.5 to 32 VDC. Below 14.5
VDC, the voltage tracks the power supply. Current output is limited to 200 mA.
l SW5V – See Switched 5 VDC (p. 20) for information on voltage and current sourcing limits.
7.1.6 Communications ports
One micro-B USB port, labeled USB, is for communicating with a computer through SURVEYOR
or Device Configuration Utility software.
VOLT 100 series 13
CPI is a proprietary protocol that supports GRANITE Measurement Modules. Two RJ45 ports
labeled CPI enable communications with a Campbell Scientific data logger and other GRANITE
Measurement Modules.
7.1.7 LED indicators
7.1.7.1 COMM status
When the VOLT 100 series has successfully been configured by a data logger, the COMM Status
LED will flash green. For scan rates 500 ms or slower, it will flash at the scan rate. For faster scan
rates, the LED will flash green every few scans. See Table 12-2 (p. 40).
7.1.7.2 CPI port
When the VOLT 100 series has successfully been configured by a data logger, the green LED on
the CPI port will flash. For scan rates 500 ms or slower, it will flash at the scan rate. For faster scan
rates, the green LED will flash every few scans. A flashing orange LED indicates bus activity. A
solid orange LED indicates a bus error. See Table 12-3 (p. 40).
8. Specifications
All VOLT 100 series units meet electrical specifications in a standard temperature range of –40to
70°C, non-condensing environment. XD units are tested over an extended temperature range of
–55to 85°C. Recommended calibration interval is every three years.
8.1 Voltage measurements
Voltage measurements use a 24-bit Analog-to-Digital (A-to-D) converter. One channel at a time
is measured in numeric succession. Differential and single-ended channels can be mixed.
Terminals
Differential configuration
VOLT 108:
VOLT 116:
Single-endedconfiguration
VOLT 108:
DIFF 1H/1L–8H/8L
DIFF 1H/1L–16H/16L
SE 1–16
VOLT 116:
Range:
SE 1–32
±5000, ±1000, ±250 mV. See
Table B-1 (p. 42)
VOLT 100 series 14
Accuracy
1
0 to 40 °C:
–40 to 70 °C:
–55 to 85 °C:
Resolution:
Speed:
Input resistance:
Input limits:
Maximum input voltage:
DCcommon-moderejection:
Normal-mode rejection:
Input current:
±(0.04% of Reading + Offset2)
±(0.06% of Reading + Offset2)
±(0.08% of Reading + Offset2)
Table B-1 (p. 42)
See
Table 8-2 (p. 16)
See
See also
Fast measurements (p. 33)
>20 GΩ
±5 VDC
±20 VDC
>120 dB with input reversal
≥86 dB without input reversal
>70 dB at 60 Hz
±3 nA typical at 25 °C
±12 nA maximum at 50 °C
±100 nA maximum at 85 °C
1
Accuracy specification does not include sensor error or measurement noise.
2
See Table 8-1 (p. 15)
Table 8-1: Analog voltage measurement accuracy offsets
Differential or
Differential with
Range (mV)
single-ended without
input reversal (µV)
input reversal (µV)
±5000 ±4 ±40
±1000 ±2 ±10
±200 ±1 ±3
VOLT 100 series 15
Table 8-2: Analog voltage measurement speed
Multiplexed2measurement
1
f
N1
(Hz)
With input reversal Without input reversal
Time
(ms)
Rate
(Hz)
Time
(ms)
Rate
(Hz)
30000 1.46 698.49 0.75 1394.05
15000 1.53 667.41 0.78 1332.15
7500 1.66 612.87 0.85 1223.49
3750 1.93 526.78 0.98 1051.89
2000 2.40 422.83 1.22 844.59
1000 3.40 297.18 1.72 593.82
500 5.40 186.39 2.72 372.58
100 21.40 46.81 10.72 93.60
60 34.73 28.82 17.38 57.63
50 41.40 24.18 20.72 48.35
30 68.06 14.70 34.05 29.40
25 81.40 12.29 40.72 24.58
15 134.73 7.42 67.38 14.85
10 201.40 4.97 100.72 9.93
5 401.40 2.49 200.72 4.98
2.5 801.40 1.25 400.72 2.50
1
Default settling time of 500 µs.
2
Refers to multiplexing circuitry internal to the VOLT 108/116.
8.2 Resistance measurements
Resistance measurements for four- and six-wire full-bridge and two-, three-, and four-wire halfbridge using voltage excitation or direct resistance measurements using current excitation.
Excitation polarity reversal minimizes DC error.
VOLT 100 series 16
Terminals
VOLT 108: SE
terminals1–
DIFF
terminals
Excitation terminalsX1–
VOLT 116: SE
terminals1–
DIFF
terminals
Excitation terminalsX1–
Accuracy
0 to 40 °C:
–40 to 70 °C:
–55 to 85 °C:
1
Assumes input reversal for differential measurements and excitation reversal for excitation voltage <1000 mV and
excitation current <1 mA, not including bridge resistor errors and sensor and measurement noise.
2
See GRANITE 6 Data logger Manual for help estimating measurement accuracy for ratiometric measurements. For
Resistance() instruction, the excitation current is internally measured across an internal resistor (200 Ω, ±0.005%
@ 25 °C, 2 ppm/°C TCR) with sensor resistance determined as Vs/Ix, where Ix is the measured excitation current and
Vs is the returned sensor signal.
1,2
±(0.02% of voltage measurement + offset)
±(0.025% of voltage measurement + offset)
±(0.03% of voltage measurement + offset)
16
1H/1L–8H/8L
X2
32
1H/1L–16H/16L
X4
8.3 Voltage and current excitation
Two terminals on the VOLT 108 and four terminals on the VOLT 116 can be configured for voltage
or current excitation using a 12-bit D-to-A converter. When used for ratiometric-resistance
measurement, excitation is active only during measurement.
Terminals
VOLT 108: X1–X2
VOLT 116: X1–X4
Voltage excitation
Range:
Accuracy
1
0 to 40 °C:
–40 to 70 °C:
–55 to 85 °C:
Resolution:
±5000 mV
±(0.05% of setting + 2.5 mV)
±(0.08% of setting + 2.5 mV)
±(0.1% of setting + 2.5 mV)
1.25 mV
VOLT 100 series 17
Maximum source or sink
current:
Current excitation
±50 mA
Range:
Accuracy
1
0 to 40 °C:
–40 to 70 °C:
–55 to 85 °C:
Resolution:
Compliance voltage2:
1
Note that ratiometric accuracy, rather than absolute accuracy, determines overall measurement accuracy of
ratiometric-resistance measurements.
2
Current excitation meets specified accuracy when voltage at the port remains within the compliance voltage.
±2.5 mA
±(0.05% of setting + 2.5 µA)
±(0.08% of setting + 2.5 µA)
±(0.1% of setting + 2.5 µA)
638 nA
±5000 mV
8.4 Period averaging
Terminals
VOLT 108: SE 1–16
VOLT 116: SE 1–32
Range:
Accuracy:
Resolution:
See
±(0.01% of reading + resolution)
130 ns ÷ number of cycles
Table 8-3: Period average ranges
Minimum
peak-to-peak
Voltage gain
Signal
1 500 2.4 200
3.8 50 8 50
Table 8-3 (p. 18)
1,2
(mV)
Minimum
pulse width
(μs)
Maximum
frequency
(kHz)
VOLT 100 series 18
Table 8-3: Period average ranges
Minimum
Voltage gain
19 10 50 8
67 2 80 5
1
With signal centered around VOLT 108/116 ground.
2
Maximum period average signal amplitude = 20 V peak-to-peak.
peak-to-peak
Signal
1,2
(mV)
8.5 Voltage output
8.5.1 Continuous 12 VDC
Terminals
VOLT 108: 12V
VOLT 116: 12V
Minimum
pulse width
(μs)
Maximum
frequency
(kHz)
Voltage output1:
Currentsourcinglimit(each):
1
Unregulated below 14.5 V.
12.5 ± 0.5 VDC
200 mA typical, 180 mA minimum
8.5.2 Switched 12 VDC
Terminals
VOLT 108: SW12V-1
VOLT 116: SW12V-1-2
Voltage output1:
Currentsourcinglimit(each):
1
Unregulated below 14.5 V.
12.5 ± 0.5 VDC
200 mA typical, 180 mA minimum
VOLT 100 series 19
8.5.3 Switched 5 VDC
Terminals
VOLT 108:
VOLT 116:
Voltage output
On, no load:
Off:
Output resistance:
Currentsourcinglimit:
SW5V-1-2
SW5V-1-4
4.75 ± 0.25 VDC
<0.1 VDC
30 Ω
FIGURE 8-1 (p. 20)
See
FIGURE 8-1. Current sourcing on SW5V terminals
8.6 Module
8.6.1 Communications
CPI:
USB:
RJ45 interface to Campbell Scientific data loggers, sensors, and
GRANITE Measurement Modules.
USB micro-B device only, 2.0 full-speed 12 Mbps, for computer
connection.
VOLT 100 series 20
8.6.2 System
Processor:
Memory:
Renesas RX63N (32-bit with hardware FPU, running at 96 MHz)
2 MB SRAM
8.6.3 Power requirements
Voltage:
Typical Current Drain
Sleep:
Active 1 Hz Scan1:
Active20HzScan1:
1
Assumes one single-ended measurement with the first notch frequency (fN1) at 30 kHz
9.6 to 32 VDC
<1 mA
2 mA, estimated
20 mA
8.6.4 Compliance
View EU Declarations of Conformity at www.campbellsci.com/volt108 and
www.campbellsci.com/volt116.
8.6.5 Physical attributes
Dimensions:
Weight
VOLT108:
VOLT116: 0.9 kg (1.95 lb)
Operating Temperature
Standard:
Extended:
20.3 x 12.7 x 5.1 cm (8.0 x 5.0 x 2.0 in); additional clearance
required for cables and wires
0.8 kg (1.75 lb)
–40 to 70 °C
–55 to 85 °C
9. Installation
Preconfigure and test stations in an indoor location before doing the field installation.
VOLT 100 series 21
After installing a field station, wait around long enough to confirm that good measurements are
being made, that data are collected to the GRANITE data logger, and that data from the
GRANITE data loggercan be collected to a computer.
9.1 Install driver for computer connection 22
9.2 Operating systems 22
9.3 Configuring VOLT 100 series 23
9.4 Data logger programming 25
9.5 Data logger connection 26
9.6 Connecting multiple GRANITE Measurement Modules 26
9.7 Power connection 28
9.8 Earth ground connection 29
9.9 Mounting in an enclosure 29
9.1 Install driver for computer connection
Installing the VOLT 100 series may require a connection to a computer. Install the device driver
before plugging the VOLT 100 series into your computer for the first time. You will need the
device driver properly installed before you can connect to the VOLT 100 series via USB.
SURVEYOR automatically installs the required drivers. To install the device driver using the Device
Configuration Utility, select GRANITE > VOLT 100 series. Click the Install the USB driver link and
follow the prompts.
TIP:
Driver installation is optional for computers running Windows 10 and later.
9.2 Operating systems
Campbell Scientific posts OS updates at www.campbellsci.com/downloads when they become
available. Before deploying instruments, check operating system versions and update as needed
to the most recent version. Use the Device Configuration Utility and follow the procedures on the
Send OS tab.
NOTE:
For best performance, use the most recent operating system for each device.
VOLT 100 series 22
9.3 Configuring VOLT 100 series
The VOLT 100 series arrives ready to be connected to a system. Device configuration is only
required when multiple GRANITE Measurement Modules are connected to a single data logger.
Each module must have a unique address. Set a unique device name for further distinction
between GRANITE Measurement Modules.
Configure the VOLT 100 series using one of four methods: through SURVEYOR, the
CPIAddModule() program instruction, Device Configuration Utility software, or the CPIStatus
table.
9.3.1 Configuring with SURVEYOR
Modules are automatically configured when connected to SURVEYOR. SURVEYOR sets the
module CPI address to 1 and uses the device type and serial number to generate and assign a
device name such as ‘VOLT108-1234’.
For more information see Measurement quickstart using SURVEYOR (p. 2)
9.3.2 Configuring with the CPIAddModule() instruction
To configure a VOLT 100 series within a program, use the CPIAddModule() instruction. A
separate instruction is used for each device. The CPIAddModule() instruction overrides
settings entered by other means, such as Device Configuration Utility or the CPIStatus table.
CPIAddModule(CDMType, CDMSerialNo, CDMDeviceName, CPIAddress)
The data logger creates an internal list of CPI modules from each CPIAddModule()
instruction. Modules added to the CPI bus will be checked against this list and reconfigured
accordingly. See a programming example: Configuring GRANITE Measurement Module with
CPIAddModule() (p. 45).
NOTE:
The CPIAddModule() instruction overrides changes made through SURVEYOR, Device
Configuration Utility or the CPIStatus table.
9.3.3 Configuring with Device Configuration Utility
Install the device driver before connecting the VOLT 100 series to a computer. This is optional for
Windows 10, or later, operating systems.
VOLT 100 series 23
1. Open Device Configuration Utility.
2. Under Device Type, select GRANITE > VOLT 100 series.
3. Carefully review the Connect Instructions text provided on the right.
4. With the USB device driver installation complete, connect the supplied USB cable between
the USB port on your computer and the USB port on the VOLT 100 series.
5. Apply 9.6 to 32 VDC to the power terminals on the device.
6. Click the browse button next to Communication Port.
7. Select the port labeled VOLT 100 series.
8. Click OK.
9. Click Connect then OK to avoid conflicts.
10. Set the Device Name (optional) and the CPI Address.
a. Device Name is a user-editable field to set a unique name to the VOLT 100 series. The
default name is VOLT 100.
b. CPI Address specifies the address of the VOLT 100 series. Each GRANITE
Measurement Module connected to the same data logger must have a unique
address. By default, the VOLT 100 series uses a CPI address of 1. Allowable addresses
are 1 through 120.
11. Click Apply to save your changes.
9.3.4 Configuring with CPIStatus table
When a GRANITE Measurement Module is used in a program, the data logger adds a CPIStatus
table to display current CPI information. View the CPIStatus table in the LoggerNet Connect
screen, or Device Configuration Utility Data Monitor tab. Information about each module
included in the data logger program or connected to the CPI bus appears in the CPIStatus table
within the ModuleInfo() array. Information is shown in the following order:
GRANITE Measurement Module Type, Serial Number, Device Name, CPI Address,
Activity
Within the ModuleInfo() array index string, the Device Name and CPI Address fields can be
edited. This provides a way to rename and readdress a VOLT 100 series through Campbell
Scientific software without editing the CRBasic program or connecting directly to the USB port.
See CPIStatus table (p. 39) for additional information.
VOLT 100 series 24
9.4 Data logger programming
Short Cut is the best source for up-to-date data logger programming code. Programming code is
needed when:
l Creating a program for a new data logger installation
l Adding sensors to an existing data logger program
If your data acquisition requirements are simple, you can likely create and maintain a data logger
program exclusively with Short Cut. If your data acquisition needs are more complex, the files
that Short Cut creates are a great source for programming code to start a new program or add to
an existing custom program.
NOTE:
Short Cut cannot edit programs after they are imported and edited in CRBasic Editor.
See Programming quickstart using Short Cut (p. 6) for a Short Cut tutorial. If you wish to import
Short Cut code into CRBasic Editor to create or add to a customized program, follow the
procedure in Importing Short Cut code into CRBasic Editor (p. 41). Complete program examples
can be found in: Example programs (p. 45).
9.4.1 Scan buffers
When VOLT 100 series instructions are included in a program, Campbell Scientific recommends
setting the BufferOption of the Scan() instruction to a value greater than or equal to two
seconds’ worth of scans. For example, if the scan rate is 50 ms (.05 s), set the BufferOption to
40 (2 s ÷ .05 s = 40). At a minimum, the BufferOption should be set to 3.
The data logger processes the data from the VOLT 100 series in batches according to frame syncs
received from the VOLT 100 series. Upon receiving a batch of data, the data logger puts it into a
processing queue. Processing the data may take more time than is available in a single scan. The
BufferOption allows the data logger to balance its task load by processing the data from the
VOLT 100 series during subsequent scans while maintaining correct data time stamps. If a
BufferOption is not set, the data logger will attempt to process all of the data during the
scan it is received, which can result in skipped scans. Scan buffers are only used when the data
logger is running in pipeline mode.
9.4.2 GRANITE Measurement Module instructions
For the most current information on data logger instructions, refer to the CRBasic Editor Help.
The first two parameters for each CDM instruction are the CDMType and CPI_Addr. CDMType
refers to the GRANITE Measurement Model used. Valid entries are VOLT108 and VOLT116. CPI_
VOLT 100 series 25
Addr is the address of the VOLT 100 series. Wire sensors according to the channels specified
within the corresponding measurement instructions. The program example below shows the use
of the CDM_VoltSE() instruction.
CRBasic Example 1: Measuring a single-ended voltage
'Program Example: Measuring a single-ended voltage
Public SEVolt
BeginProg
Scan(5,Sec,3,0)
'Measure Single-Ended Voltage on VOLT 108, CPI address 1
CDM_VoltSe(VOLT108,1,SEVolt,1,mV5000,1,True,500,60,1,0)
NextScan
EndProg
9.5 Data logger connection
VOLT 100 series devices communicate with a data logger through a CPI port. Each VOLT 100
series ships with a 6-inch RJ45 cable for this connection, though any CAT5e, or better, RJ45 cable
can be used. To allow daisy-chaining, two CPI ports are available on the VOLT 100 series. Either
can be used for connection to a data logger.
The CPI port on VOLT 100 series connects directly to the CPI port on a GRANITE data logger
module, CR6 and the CR1000X.
9.6 Connecting multiple GRANITE Measurement Modules
The CPI bus, which handles the communications between the data logger and GRANITE
Measurement Modules, can accept addresses 1-120. Multiple GRANITE Measurement Modules
may be connected to a single data logger using a daisy-chain or star topology. In both network
configurations, as total cable length increases, the maximum possible bit rate decreases.
Therefore, in networks with long cable lengths, it may be necessary to use the CPISpeed()
instruction to decrease the CPI network bit rate from its default 250 kbps. Limitations on cable
length and bit rate are discussed further in CPI network bit rate (p. 36) and listed in Table 10-2 (p.
36).
9.6.1 Daisy-chain topology
In a daisy-chain topology, GRANITE Measurement Modules are connected one after another, as
shown in FIGURE 9-1 (p. 27).
VOLT 100 series 26
FIGURE 9-1. Multiple GRANITE Measurement Modules connected in a daisy-chain
topology
For best performance, CPI terminators (supplied in GRANITE Network Kit) are usually installed in
the open CPI ports at both ends of a daisy-chain network. But a half-terminated bus is also
allowed by using only the resistors at the data logger end of the network. For more information
see:https://s.campbellsci.com/documents/us/technical-papers/cpi-bus.pdf.
9.6.2 Star topology
A star topology uses a passive RJ45 hub, such as the HUB-CPI, to connect multiple GRANITE
Measurement Modules. An illustration of this is shown in FIGURE 9-2 (p. 28).
NOTE:
Do not use a CPI-terminator with this configuration.
VOLT 100 series 27
FIGURE 9-2. Multiple GRANITE Measurement Modules connected in a star topology
9.7 Power connection
Connect the power supply to the removable Power connector on the side of the VOLT 100 series.
Power supplies providing voltages from 9.6 to 32 VDC may be used.
l While the input power requirements of Campbell Scientific instruments vary, there is one
constant – they all run on 12 VDC. To keep things simple, we only discuss the use of 12 VDC
power supplies in this manual.
l Do not connect live leads to an instrument. All connections discussed assume dead leads,
so switch off power supplies before making connections.
l Double check the polarity of connections before switching on power supplies.
NOTE:
When the supply voltage is below 14.5 VDC, the voltage on the 12V and SW12V terminals
track the power supply. Voltage on these terminals is regulated to 12.5 ± 0.5 VDC when the
supply voltage is 14.5 to 32 VDC.
Open the power connector by inserting a screwdriver into the slots shown in FIGURE 9-3 (p. 29).
When the screwdriver is pushed in far enough, the orange terminals will open and remain open
until the screwdriver is removed. The power connector includes two positive (+VDC) terminals
and two negative (–VDC) terminals to allow for daisy-chaining power supplies. Terminals of the
same type open and close together. Insert the positive wire from the power supply into a +VDC
terminal, and insert the negative wire into a –VDC terminal.
VOLT 100 series 28
FIGURE 9-3. Opening the power connector terminals
9.7.1 Power-up sequence
Best practice is to power up all instruments in a station simultaneously from a single power
supply. If this is not possible, first power up VOLT 100 seriess, then power up the GRANITE data
logger. This procedure will reduce the time required to syncronize the CPI bus.
See COMM status LED (p. 39) for more information.
9.8 Earth ground connection
Earth grounding provides protection from static discharge, transients, and power surges. A
ground lug is provided on the VOLT 100 series for connection to earth ground, see Power and
CPI ports view (left) and ground lug view (right) (p. 11). Minimum 14 AWG ground wire is
recommended. The earth side of the connection should be to a grounding rod or other
grounded device.
9.9 Mounting in an enclosure
GRANITE data loggers and measurement module brackets have mounting holes through which
small screws are inserted into nylon anchors in an enclosure backplate.
VOLT 100 series 29
FIGURE 9-4. Enclosure backplate mounting
If mounting to a DIN rail, use the GRANITE-series DIN-Rail Kit as shown in the following images.
FIGURE 9-5. GRANITE DIN-Rail Mounting Kit
VOLT 100 series 30
FIGURE 9-6. DIN rail mounting
10. Operation
The VOLT 100 series makes analog measurements either under the direction of SURVEYOR or the
data logger.
10.1 SURVEYOR control
SURVEYOR sets up the VOLT 100 series to start making measurements, display data, and store
that data to a computer. For more information, see Measurement quickstart using SURVEYOR (p.
2).
10.2 Data logger control
Upon compiling the program, the data logger sends information to each VOLT 100 series about
every relevant sequence, scan, and measurement. The data logger uses a data sync to initiate
measurements on the VOLT 100 series. Because measurements can be made in multiple scans,
slow sequences, sub-scans, and subroutines, the data logger firsts sends a message to the
modules indicating which measurements are to be made upon the next data sync.
When the VOLT 100 series receives a sync signal, it begins making measurements. The
measurement order on the VOLT 100 series follows the sequence of the instructions addressed to
it within the current active scan of the data logger program. After the measurements are
completed, it sends the data to the data logger for processing.
10.3 Measurements
Because the VOLT 100 series makes measurements similar to the GRANITE 6 series data logger,
refer to the GRANITE 6 Measurement and Control System manual for in-depth measurement
details. Information specific to the VOLT 100 series is provided in the subsequent sections.
VOLT 100 series 31
10.3.1 First notch frequency
The first notch frequency (fN1) determines the lowest frequency that will be eliminated, or
notched out, by a sinc filter. This filter notches out frequencies at integer multiples of fN1by
averaging for a time equal to 1/ fN1. Thus, lower first notch frequencies result in longer
measurement times. Any value between 2.5 Hz and 30 kHz can be entered, but the value will be
rounded to the closest of 16 frequency options, with the midway point rounding up. The options
for the first notch frequency are shown in Table 8-2 (p. 16).
Common options for filtering noise are:
l 30000 – Performs a 0.0333 millisecond integration (for fast measurements)
l 60 – Performs a 16.67 millisecond integration (filters 60 Hz noise)
l 50 – Performs a 20 millisecond integration (filters 50 Hz noise)
10.3.2 Panel temperature
Each terminal strip has a panel temperature thermistor (Measurement Specialties 10K3A1A)
located just under its center-point. The VOLT 108 includes two panel-temperature thermistors,
and the VOLT 116 includes four. The thermistor has an interchangeability specification of 0.1 °C
for temperatures between 0 and 70 °C. Below freezing and at higher temperatures, this
specification is degraded. Combined with possible errors in the completion-resistor measurement
and the Steinhart and Hart equation used to calculate the temperature from resistance, the
accuracy of panel temperature is estimated at ±0.1 °C over 0 to 40 °C, ±0.3 °C from –25 to 50 °C,
and ±0.8 °C from –55 to 85 °C.
The panel temperature can be measured with the CDM_PanelTemp() instruction, where each
thermistor is numbered as shown in the following figure. In thermocouple measurements, using
the panel temperature for the thermocouple-wiring strip will result in more accurate
measurements.
CDM_TCComp() automatically measures the nearest panel temperature. Measuring
thermocouples (p. 46), shows how to use this instruction. Short Cut automatically uses the proper
reference.
VOLT 100 series 32
FIGURE 10-1. Wiring panel thermistor locations on VOLT 108 (top) and VOLT 116 (bottom)
10.4 Fast measurements
Follow the steps below when designing fast-measurement networks:
1. Work out the time the VOLT 100 series will take to make all of the measurements (See
Measurement speed (p. 33)).
2. Calculate the CPI bit rate necessary to keep up with the sum of data generated by all
devices (CPI network bit rate (p. 36)).
3. Determine if the physical layout of your network will allow for the calculated CPI bit rate
(See Table 10-2 (p. 36)).
See Calculating network restrictions (p. 51) for complete examples.
10.4.1 Measurement speed
Use the equations in Table 10-1 (p. 34) to ensure that the VOLT 100 series is able to make
measurements at the speed required. Compare that speed with the scan rate options for the data
logger to determine if the VOLT 100 series measurements can be done within the main scan or if
they need to be performed in a sub-scan or burst. The Sample Rate refers to the rate at which the
VOLT 100 series makes measurements when the Reps parameter is greater than 1.
VOLT 100 series 33
These equations show that smaller notch frequencies increase measurement time. At the same
time, larger notch frequencies result in lower measurement resolution. Consider this trade-off
when designing your system.
Table 10-1: Multiplexed analog voltage measurement speed
Measurement
Without input
time (µs)
or excitation
reversal
Sample rate (Hz)
Measurement
With input or
time (µs)
excitation
reversal
Sample rate (Hz)
Measurement
With input
time (µs)
and excitation
reversal
Sample Rate (Hz)
Measurement
Burst
Time (µs)
measurement
Sample Rate (Hz)
1,2,3
1
If the instruction uses excitation, calculate the measurement time separately and add 46 µs for each excitation
terminal used. Refer to Example 3 in Calculating network restrictions (p. 51).
2
Refers to multiplexing circuitry internal to the VOLT 100 series series.
3
Default settling time, Tsettle, is 500 µs, minimum 100 µs.
NOTE:
The VOLT 100 series auto-calibrates to compensate for changes caused by changing
temperature and aging. This calibration occurs during downtime for the measurement
hardware. A time-consuming program may prevent background calibration if there is
insufficient downtime.
VOLT 100 series 34
10.4.1.1 Sub-scans
To measure at rates faster than the maximum scan rate of the data logger, the SubScan
()/NextSubScan instruction pair is added within the data logger scan. Using this method,
the measurement speed is dictated by the SubInterval and Units parameters.
The following program makes 20 CDM_VoltSE() measurements on SE 1 at 200 Hz. Note that
the notch frequency chosen must accommodate the SubScan rate. In this example, fN1must be
500 or greater to allow for a single-ended measurement in a 5 ms SubScan. Refer to Table 8-2 (p.
16) for analog voltage measurement speeds associated with fN1options.
CRBasic Example 2: Measuring VoltSE() in a sub-scan
'Program Example: Measuring VoltSE() in a Sub-Scan
Public FastSE(20)
Dim i 'index counter
DataTable(FastSETable,True,-1)
Sample (20,FastSE(),FP2)
EndTable
BeginProg
Scan(1,sec,10,0)
i=1 'initialize index counter
SubScan(5,msec,20) 'repeat the 200 Hz measurement 20 times
CDM_VoltSe(VOLT108,1,FastSE(i),1,mV5000,1,False,150,500,1,0)
i = i + 1 'increment index counter after each measurement
NextSubScan
CallTable FastSETable
NextScan
EndProg
10.4.1.2 Burst measurements
To measure at rates greater than the maximum sub-scan rate of the data logger, switch the
measurement into burst mode by negating the measurement channel parameter. In burst mode,
the measurement dwells on a single channel and measures it at rates up to 30 kHz, as
demonstrated in the following CRBasic example . Burst measurements do not allow offset
measurement, input reversal, or excitation reversal.
The measurement rate is determined by the notch frequency (fN1). With fN1set to 15000, the
measurement is made at 15 kHz. User-entered notch frequencies will be rounded to the nearest
notch-frequency option (see Table 8-2 (p. 16) or the CRBasic Help for a full list of frequency
options). The destination parameter must be an array sized to the total number of measurements
to be made. Refer to the GRANITE 6 CRBasic Help for more information. The following program
makes 1,735 CDM_VoltSE() measurements on SE 1 at a rate of 15 kHz.
VOLT 100 series 35
CRBasic Example 3: Measuring VoltSE() in burst mode
Public BurstSE(1735)
DataTable(BurstSETable,True,-1)
Sample (1735,BurstSE(),FP2)
EndTable
BeginProg
Scan(1,sec,10,0)
'Negate the measurement channel to make a burst measurement
CDM_VoltSe(VOLT108,1,BurstSE(),1735,mV5000,-1,False,150,15000,1,0)
CallTable BurstSETable
NextScan
EndProg
10.4.2 CPI network bit rate
A CPI network is capable of operating at 1000, 500, 250, 125, or 50 kbps, depending on your
network configuration (see Connecting multiple GRANITE Measurement Modules (p. 26)). This is
the rate that data are transferred from the GRANITE Measurement Module to the data logger.
When multiple GRANITE Measurement Modules are making measurements faster than 1 Hz, it is
important to ensure that the CPI network bit rate is higher than the rate that data is generated by
the GRANITE Measurement Modules within the network.
To calculate how many kilobits per second (kbps) will be generated, use the following equation
for each GRANITE Measurement Module in your network:
Kilobits per second = (number of measurements) × (measurement frequency) × (0.064 kilobits
per measurement)
The network topology and cable length affect the maximum allowable CPI network bit rate. Refer
to Table 10-2 (p. 36) for the maximum cable length allowed for the topology and bit rate your
network requires. The bit rate of the network defaults to 250 kbps and can be changed by using
the CPISpeed() instruction in the data logger program.
Table 10-2: Network topology, bit rate, and cable length
Maximum total cable length (ft)
Bit Rate1 (kbps)
Daisy-chain topology Star topology
Full termination Half termination No termination
1000 50 1 not viable
500 200 200 100
VOLT 100 series 36
Table 10-2: Network topology, bit rate, and cable length
Maximum total cable length (ft)
Bit Rate1 (kbps)
Full termination Half termination No termination
250 500 400 400
125 1200 1000 1000
50 2800 2400 2400
1
Default Bit Rate is 250 kbps. Change with CPISpeed() instruction.
Daisy-chain topology Star topology
10.5 Multiple devices
Multiple GRANITE Measurement Modules may be connected to a single data logger using a
daisy-chain or star topology (see Connecting multiple GRANITE Measurement Modules (p. 26)).
In both network configurations, as total cable length increases, the maximum possible bit rate
decreases. Limitations on cable length and baud rate are examined in the document Designing
Physical Network Layouts for the CPI Bus, which is available at www.campbellsci.com/app-notes.
When including two or more VOLT 100 series devices in the program, the processing mode of the
data logger affects the measurement timing of each VOLT 100 series. In sequential mode, the
VOLT 100 series devices make measurements one after the other, following the order of their
instructions within the program. Conversely, in pipeline mode, the devices start their
measurements simultaneously. Pipeline mode is recommended.
NOTE:
In either mode, measurements that require excitation MUST be made on the same VOLT 100
series that provides the excitation voltage or current.
10.6 Switched voltage output
An SW5V terminal is normally used to operate an external relay-driver circuit because the port
itself has limited drive capacity. Drive capacity is determined by the 5 VDC supply, a Schottky
diode, and a 30 Ω output resistance. It is expressed as:
V0= 5 V – 0.3 V – (30 Ω) x I
Where V0is the drive limit, and I0is the current required by the external device. FIGURE 8-1 (p.
20) shows the relationship between supply voltage and current load.
0
VOLT 100 series 37
The SW12V terminals are used to power devices such as sensors that require 12 VDC during
measurement. Current sourcing must be limited to 200 mA or less on each channel. When the
supply voltage is below 14.5 VDC, the voltage on the SW12V terminals track the power supply.
Voltage on these terminals is regulated to 12.5 ± 0.5 VDC when the supply voltage is 14.5 to 32
VDC.
11. Maintenance and calibration
l Protect the VOLT 100 series from humidity and moisture.
l Send to Campbell Scientific for factory calibration every three years.
If sending the VOLT 100 series to Campbell Scientific for calibration or repair, consult first with a
Campbell Scientific representative. If the VOLT 100 series is malfunctioning, be prepared to
perform some troubleshooting procedures with Campbell Scientific. Many problems can be
resolved with a conversation. If calibration or repair is needed, the procedure shown in Assistance
(p. ii) should be followed when sending the product.
12. Troubleshooting
1. Check the voltage of the power source at the Power connector. It should be between 9.6
and 32 VDC.
2. Check wires and cables for the following:
l Loose connection points
l Faulty connectors
l Cut wires
l Damaged insulation, which allows water to migrate into the cable. Water, whether or
not it comes in contact with wire, can cause system failure. Water may increase the
dielectric constant of the cable sufficiently to impede sensor signals, or it may
migrate into the sensor, which will damage sensor electronics.
VOLT 100 series 38
3. Check the CRBasic program. Create a simplified version of the program, or break it up into
multiple smaller units to test individually. For example, if a sensor signal-to-data
conversion is faulty, create a program that only measures that sensor and stores the data,
absent from all other inputs and data. Write these mini-programs before going to the field,
if possible.
4. Verify that each VOLT 100 series in the network has a unique CPI address.
5. Check the data logger and VOLT 100 series operating system and update them as needed.
6. Check that the scan rate is long enough for the measurement time. (See Measurement
speed (p. 33).) The data logger compiler often catches scan rates that are too fast.
7. Ensure that the CPI network bit rate is fast enough for the data generated and that it can
accommodate the cable lengths in use. (See CPI network bit rate (p. 36).)
12.1 CPIStatus table
Information in the CPIStatus table, located in the data logger, helps in troubleshooting. The
ModuleInfo() array shows the following information:
CDM Type, Serial Number, Device Name, CPI Address, Activity
The last entry in the ModuleInfo() index shows the activity of the module. Possible entries and
their meanings are shown in the following table.
Table 12-1: CPIStatus activity
Response Meaning
Active
Offline The module was present after startup but is no longer responding.
Unused
WaitConfig The module has not yet responded to a data logger’s attempts to configure it.
Config Fail
The module is connected to the CPI bus and is making measurements according to
the data logger program.
The module is or was connected and powered but is not included in the data
logger program.
The module could not be configured. A configuration error message is appended
to this response.
12.2 COMM status LED
The COMM status LED indicates the current operation of the VOLT 100 series, as shown in the
following table..
VOLT 100 series 39
Table 12-2: COMM Status LED Activity
Green Flashing
Orange Flashing Device has not been configured by data logger
Single-Flash Device has been configured but is not receiving sync signals
Double-
Red
Flash
Solid Error
Module has been configured by data logger and is receiving sync
signals
Device has encountered a scan timeout
12.3 CPI port LEDs
Green and Orange LEDs on the CPI bus indicate the current operation of the CPI bus as shown in
the following table.
Table 12-3: CPI port LED activity
Green Flashing Frame sync
Flash CPI activity
Orange
Solid CPI bus fault
12.4 Replacing a GRANITE measurement module
An existing VOLT 100 series or CDM-A100 series can be replaced with a new module using the
same CPI address without requiring a change to the program.
VOLT 100 series 40
Appendix A. Importing Short Cut code into CRBasic Editor
Short Cut creates a .DEF file that contains wiring information and a program file that can be
imported into the CRBasic Editor. By default, these files reside in the C:\campbellsci\SCWin
folder.
Import Short Cut program file and wiring information into CRBasic Editor:
1. Create the Short Cut program. After saving the Short Cut program, click the Advanced tab
then the CRBasic Editor button. A program file with a generic name will open in CRBasic.
Provide a meaningful name and save the CRBasic program. This program can now be
edited for additional refinement.
NOTE:
Once the file is edited with CRBasic Editor, Short Cut can no longer be used to edit the
program it created.
2. To add the Short Cut wiring information into the new CRBasic program, open the .DEF file
located in the C:\campbellsci\SCWin folder, and copy the wiring information, which is at
the beginning of the .DEF file.
3. Go into the CRBasic program and paste the wiring information into it.
4. In the CRBasic program, highlight the wiring information, right-click, and select Comment
Block. This adds an apostrophe (') to the beginning of each of the highlighted lines, which
instructs the data logger compiler to ignore those lines when compiling. The Comment
Block feature is demonstrated at about 5:10 in the CRBasic | Features video .
VOLT 100 series 41
Appendix B. Analog voltage measurement range and resolution
Table B-1: Analog voltage measurement range and resolution
1
fN1
(Hz)
30000
15000
7500
Typical effective resolution
Range
2
(mV)
±5000 10.350 20.0 14.756 19.5
±1000 2.239 19.9 3.148 19.4
±200 0.799 19.0 1.121 18.5
±5000 9.012 20.2 12.819 19.7
±1000 1.948 20.1 2.809 19.5
±200 0.700 19.2 1.030 18.7
±5000 7.158 20.5 10.050 20.0
±1000 1.544 20.4 2.266 19.8
±200 0.553 19.5 0.817 19.0
Differential measurements
with input reversal
RMS (µV) bits RMS (µV) bits
Single-ended measurements
or differential measurements
without input reversal
3
3750
±5000 5.410 20.9 7.851 20.4
±1000 1.166 20.8 1.689 20.3
±200 0.410 20.0 0.627 19.4
VOLT 100 series 42
Table B-1: Analog voltage measurement range and resolution
fN1
(Hz)
2000
1000
500
Typical effective resolution
1
Range
2
Differential measurements
Single-ended measurements
3
or differential measurements
(mV)
with input reversal
without input reversal
RMS (µV) bits RMS (µV) bits
±5000 4.047 21.3 5.806 20.8
±1000 0.894 21.2 1.290 20.7
±200 0.310 20.4 0.459 19.8
±5000 2.838 21.9 4.359 21.2
±1000 0.613 21.7 0.931 21.1
±200 0.220 20.9 0.343 20.2
±5000 2.035 22.3 2.999 21.8
±1000 0.445 22.2 0.659 21.6
±200 0.157 21.4 0.248 20.7
100
60
50
30
±5000 0.950 23.4 1.388 22.9
±1000 0.205 23.3 0.323 22.6
±200 0.071 22.5 0.131 21.6
±5000 0.769 23.7 1.140 23.2
±1000 0.162 23.6 0.261 23.0
±200 0.056 22.9 0.113 21.8
±5000 0.732 23.8 1.112 23.2
±1000 0.161 23.7 0.254 23.0
±200 0.053 22.9 0.111 21.9
±5000 0.612 24.1 0.901 23.5
±1000 0.131 24.0 0.217 23.2
±200 0.042 23.3 0.099 22.0
VOLT 100 series 43
Table B-1: Analog voltage measurement range and resolution
fN1
(Hz)
25
15
10
Typical effective resolution
1
Range
2
Differential measurements
Single-ended measurements
3
or differential measurements
(mV)
with input reversal
without input reversal
RMS (µV) bits RMS (µV) bits
±5000 0.580 24.1 0.858 23.6
±1000 0.123 24.0 0.204 23.3
±200 0.038 23.4 0.095 22.1
±5000 0.502 24.4 0.734 23.8
±1000 0.107 24.2 0.177 23.5
±200 0.031 23.7 0.088 22.2
±5000 0.499 24.4 0.683 23.9
±1000 0.108 24.2 0.161 23.7
±200 0.029 23.8 0.082 22.3
±5000 0.472 24.4 0.617 24.1
5
±1000 0.102 24.3 0.151 23.7
±200 0.024 24.1 0.082 22.3
±5000 0.447 24.5 0.564 24.2
2.5
±1000 0.095 24.4 0.144 23.8
±200 0.020 24.3 0.077 22.4
1
First notch frequency
2
Range overhead of ≈6% on all ranges guarantees that full-scale values will not cause overrange.
3
Effective resolution (ER) in bits is computed from ratio of full-scale range to RMS noise.
VOLT 100 series 44
Appendix C. Example programs
These programs were written for a GRANITE 9 data logger. With slight modifications, they can be
used with other Campbell Scientific data loggers.
C.1 Configuring GRANITE Measurement Module with CPIAddModule()
The following program sets CPI addresses and device names on VOLT 108s with serial numbers
1234, 1235, and 1236 and makes a single-ended measurement on each module SE 1 channel.
With slight modifications, this program can be used with other Campbell Scientific data loggers.
CRBasic Example 4: Using CPIAddModule()
'GRANITE 9 Datalogger
'This program sets CPI addresses and device names on VOLT108s.
'It makes a single-ended measurement on each unit’s SE 1 channel.
'Declare Variables and Units
Public SEVolt1
Public SEVolt2
Public SEVolt3
'Main Program
BeginProg
'Set CPI Addresses
CPIAddModule (VOLT108,1234,"A",CPI_BusA + 4)
CPIAddModule (VOLT108,1235,"12345",CPI_BusA + 5)
CPIAddModule (VOLT108,1236,"VOLT108 in Pump House",CPI_BusA + 6)
'Main Scan
Scan(5,Sec,3,0)
'Single-ended voltage measurements on VOLT108s w/ CPI addresses 4, 5 and 6
CDM_VoltSe(VOLT108,4,SEVolt1,1,mV5000,1,True,500,60,1,0)
CDM_VoltSe(VOLT108,5,SEVolt2,1,mV5000,1,True,500,60,1,0)
CDM_VoltSe(VOLT108,6,SEVolt3,1,mV5000,1,True,500,60,1,0)
NextScan
EndProg
VOLT 100 series 45
C.2 Measuring thermocouples
The following program measures 20 thermocouples on a TEMP 120. This example uses
CDM_TCComp() to measure both the reference thermistor and thermocouples.
CRBasic Example 5: Measuring thermocouples
'GRANITE 9 Datalogger
'This program sets CPI Address and Device Name on a TEMP 120 with serial
'number 1234 and uses the TEMP 120 to measure 20 Type-T thermocouples.
'Declare Variables and Units
Public TC(20) : Units TC = DegC
'Define Data Tables
DataTable(Hourly, TRUE, -1)
DataInterval(0, 60, MIN, 10)
Average(20, TC(), FP2, FALSE)
EndTable
'Main Program
BeginProg
'Set CPI Address
CPIAddModule(TEMP120, 1234, "A", CPI_BUSA + 4)
Scan(5, SEC, 3, 0)
'Measure 20 Type-T thermocouples on TEMP 120 with CPI address 4
CDM_TCComp(TEMP120, CPI_BUSA + 4, TC(), 20, 1,TypeT, 1, 0)
'Call Data Tables and Store Data
CallTable(Hourly)
NextScan
EndProg
VOLT 100 series 46
C.3 Measuring TEMP120 and VOLT108 at
different speeds
The following program measures a full-bridge sensor on a VOLT108 at 100 Hz in the main
sequence, and 20 type-T thermocouples on a TEMP 120 module in a 5-second slow sequence.
CRBasic Example 6: Measuring TEMP120 and VOLT108
'GRANITE 9 Datalogger
'This program uses a VOLT 108 module to measure a full-bridge sensor
'at 100 Hz in the main sequence, and a TEMP 120 module to measure 20
'type-T thermocouples in a 5-second slow sequence.
'Declare Variables and Units
Public strain_raw : Units strain_raw = mVpV
Public TC(20):Units TC=DegC
'Define Data Tables
DataTable(OneSec, TRUE, -1)
DataInterval(0, 1, SEC, 10)
Maximum(1, strain_raw, FP2, FALSE, TRUE)
EndTable
DataTable(Hourly, TRUE, -1)
DataInterval(0, 60, MIN, 10)
Average(20, TC(), FP2, FALSE)
EndTable
'Main Program
BeginProg
'MainSequence
Scan(10, MSEC, 20, 0)
'Measure full-bridge sensor on VOLT 108 at CPI address 1
CDM_BrFull(VOLT108, CPI_BUSA + 1, strain_raw, 1, mV200, 1, X1, 1, 5000, _
TRUE, TRUE, 1000, 1000, 1.0, 0.0)
'Call 1-second data table to process and store data
CallTable(OneSec)
NextScan
EndSequence
SlowSequence
Scan(5, SEC, 1, 0)
'Measure 20 Type-T thermocouples on TEMP 120 with CPI address 2
CDM_TCComp(TEMP120, CPI_BUSA + 2, TC(), 20, 1, TYPET, 1, 0)
'Call hourly data table to process and store data
CallTable(Hourly)
NextScan
EndSequence
EndProg
VOLT 100 series 47
C.4 Synchronized TEMP120 and VOLT108
measurements
The following program measures a full-bridge sensor on a VOLT108 at 100 Hz, and 20 type-T
thermocouples on a TEMP 120 module at 1 Hz. The measurements are synchronized by putting
the faster measurements in a SubScan.
CRBasic Example 7: Synchronized TEMP120 and VOLT108 measurements
'GRANITE 9 Datalogger
'This program uses a TEMP 120 module to measure 20 type-T thermocouples at
'1 Hz and a VOLT 108 module to measure a full-bridge sensor at 100 Hz. A
'SubScan instruction is used to synchronize the full-bridge
'measurements with the thermocouple measurements.
'Declare Variables and Units
Public TC(20):Units TC=DegC
Public strain_raw : Units strain_raw = mVpV
'Define Data Tables
DataTable(OneSec, TRUE, -1)
DataInterval(0, 1, SEC, 10)
Average(20, TC(), FP2, FALSE)
Maximum(1, strain_raw, FP2, FALSE, TRUE)
EndTable
'Main Program
BeginProg
Scan(1, SEC, 3, 0)
'Measure 20 Type-T thermocouples on TEMP 120 with CPI address 1
CDM_TCComp(TEMP120, CPI_BUSA + 1, TC(), 20, 1, TYPET, 1, 0)
SubScan(10, MSEC, 100)
'Measure full-bridge sensor on VOLT 108 with CPI address 2
CDM_BrFull(VOLT108, CPI_BUSA + 2, strain_raw, 1, mV200, 1, X1, 1, _
5000, TRUE, TRUE, 1000, 1000, 1.0, 0.0)
NextSubScan
'Call data table to process and store data
CallTable(OneSec)
NextScan
EndProg
VOLT 100 series 48
C.5 Controlling an AM16/32B multiplexer
The following program makes 32 differential measurements through an AM16/32B multiplexer
controlled by a VOLT 108 connected to a GRANITE 9 data logger. With slight modifications, this
program can be used with other Campbell Scientific data loggers.
Table C-1: Wiring for example B-3
GRANITE 9 AM16/32B (2x32 mode) VOLT 108 Sensor
12V 12V
G G
RES SW5-2
CLK SW5-1
COM ODD H 1H
COM ODD L 1L
COM (⏚) ⏚ Ground
High channels 1H-24H Signal high
Low channels 1L – 24L
CPI A CPI Signal low
CRBasic Example 8: Controlling an AM16/32B multiplexer
'GRANITE 9 Datalogger
'This program sets CPI Address and Device Name on VOLT108 with serial number
'1234, and measures 32 differential voltages through an AM16/32B multiplexer
'controlled by a VOLT108
'**Set AM16/32B to 2x32 mode**
'Declare Variables
Dim LCount
Public MilliVolts(32)
DataTable(TenMin,True,-1)
DataInterval(0,10,Min,10)
Average(32,MilliVolts(),FP2,False)
EndTable
'Main Program
BeginProg
'Set CPI Address to 1
CPIAddModule (VOLT108,1234,"A",CPI_BusA + 1)
'Main Scan
VOLT 100 series 49
CRBasic Example 8: Controlling an AM16/32B multiplexer
Scan(1,Min,3,0)
'Turn AM16/32B Multiplexer on, and advance to first channel
CDM_MuxSelect(VOLT108,1,1,2,20,1,1)
LCount=0 'reset loop counter
SubScan(0,uSec,32)
LCount+=1 'increment loop counter
'Differential measurement on the AM16/32B Multiplexer
CDM_VoltDiff(VOLT108,1,MilliVolts(LCount),1,mV5000,1,True,5000,60,1.0,0)
'Switch to next AM16/32B Multiplexer channel
CDM_PulsePort(VOLT108,1,1,20000)
NextSubScan
'Turn AM16/32B Multiplexer Off
CDM_SW5(VOLT108,1,2,0,0)
Delay(0,150,mSec)
'Call Data Tables and Store Data
CallTable TenMin
NextScan
EndProg
VOLT 100 series 50
Appendix D. Calculating network restrictions
This section shows some common questions asked while designing networks with VOLT 100
series and how to calculate their answers. For all examples, the VOLT 108 or VOLT 116 is
connected to a GRANITE 6 data logger.
D.1 Example 1
a. How fast can a VOLT 116 make 32 single-ended measurements?
The time to make 32 single-ended measurements (which are measurements without input
or excitation reversal) is copied below from Appendix D (p. 51):
To make the fastest measurements possible, set fN1to its maximum (30000 Hz) and T
to its minimum (100 µs). With these inputs and 32 repetitions, the fastest measurement
time is calculated as 10186 µs.
=10186 µs
The GRANITE 6 has a scan rate resolution of 1 ms, so the fastest scan rate possible in this
example is 11 ms.
b. Choosing a more practical scan rate of 20 ms, what is the longest cable that could be used
between the VOLT 116 and the GRANITE 6 to make these 32 measurements?
A scan rate of 20 ms (0.02 s) equals a measurement frequency of 50 Hz (1 ÷ 0.02 s). Using
the equation found in CPI network bit rate (p. 36), the kilobits of data generated each
second is
Kilobits per second = (number of measurements) × (measurement frequency) × (0.064
kilobits per measurement)
= (32 measurements) × (50 Hz) × (0.064 kilobits per measurement)
= 102.4 kbps
settle
VOLT 100 series 51
In this case, the CPISpeed() instruction could be used to change the bit rate from the
250 kbps default to 125 kbps, allowing a longer cable. Then, referring to the table: Network
topology, bit rate, and cable length (p. 36), the longest cable length possible is 1200 ft with
the use of a termination plug, or 1000 ft without.
c. What should the scan BufferOption be set to for this example?
The general rule is that the number of scan buffers should be enough to hold 2 seconds’
worth of data. With a scan rate of 20 ms, the BufferOption should be 2 s ÷ 0.02 s =
100. The CRBasic Scan() instruction would be written this way:
Scan (20,msec,100,0)
d. If there were four other VOLT 116s on the network with this same configuration, what
restraints would there be on the system?
Because the system can run in pipeline mode, each VOLT 116 can start its measurements at
the same time, not requiring any change in the scan rate. The data generated (102.4 kbps)
would be multiplied by a total of five VOLT 116s, giving 512 kbps total. In order to keep up
with this data output, the CPI speed would need to be increased to 1000 kbps. This reduces
the total allowable cable length to 50 ft with the use of a termination plug, or 1 ft without
(see Network topology, bit rate, and cable length (p. 36)).
D.2 Example 2
a. How many differential measurements can a VOLT 116 or VOLT A108 make at 5 ms (200Hz) if
input reversal is used?
This example uses the measurement time equation for measurements with input reversal
from Appendix D (p. 51):
The equation shows that making multiple measurements by using the Repetitions
parameter within a measurement instruction is more efficient than using multiple
measurement instructions. Solving the previous equation for repetitions gives the
following:
With fN1= 30000 Hz, T
is calculated to be 7.866, so 7 repetitions, or measurements, are possible at that scan rate.
= 100 µs, and measurement time = 5 ms (5000 µs), repetitions
settle
VOLT 100 series 52
b. At that measurement rate, what is the best attainable resolution for the measurements?
Resolution increases as the fN1decreases, but measurement time increases. Solving the
equation for fN1gives the following:
With a measurement time of 5 ms (5000 µs), settling time of 100 µs, and 7 repetitions, f
must be greater than 13807 Hz.
Thus, to improve measurement resolution, fN1should be set to 15000. According to Analog
voltage measurement range and resolution (p. 42), this would improve the resolution to
9.012 µVRMS for the largest voltage range, ±5000 mV.
N1
D.3 Example 3
How fast can a VOLT 116 measure ten 3 kΩ full-bridge sensors using the default settling time (500
µs) and both excitation and input reversal, and achieve a resolution of less than 1 µV
easier wiring, limit the sensors excited per excitation terminal to four.
The full-bridge measurement, BrFull(), makes a differential measurement. It is given that the
measurement will use input reversal, so the resolution is given in the third column of Analog
voltage measurement range and resolution (p. 42). To achieve a resolution of less than 1 µV
within the ±5000 mV range, fN1must be 100 Hz or better.
RMS
? For
RMS
The measurement time is figured separately for each excitation channel used, where the
repetitions are the number of sensors excited on that channel. In this setup, three excitation
terminals are used, X1 – X3. The measurement times are given by the following equations:
VOLT 100 series 53
Because there are 10 measurements total, repetitions on X1 will be 4, repetitions on X2 will be 4,
and repetitions on X3 will be 2. Using the default settling time (500 µs) and the first notch
frequency figured earlier (100 Hz), the sum of the above equations gives a total measurement
time of 427511 µs (427.511 ms). Therefore, a practical scan rate for this setup would be 500 ms.
VOLT 100 series 54
INFO
Global Sales & Support Network
A worldwide network to help meet your needs
Australia
Location: Garbutt, QLD Australia
Phone:
61.7.4401.7700
Email: info@campbellsci.com.au
Website: www.campbellsci.com.au
Brazil
Location: São Paulo, SP Brazil
Phone:
11.3732.3399
Email: vendas@campbellsci.com.br
Website: www.campbellsci.com.br
Canada
Location: Edmonton, AB Canada
Phone:
780.454.2505
Email: dataloggers@campbellsci.ca
Website: www.campbellsci.ca
China
Location: Beijing, P. R. China
Phone:
86.10.6561.0080
Email: info@campbellsci.com.cn
Website: www.campbellsci.com
Costa Rica
Location: San Pedro, Costa Rica
Phone:
506.2280.1564
Email: info@campbellsci.cc
Website: www.campbellsci.cc
France
Location: Vincennes, France
Phone:
0033.0.1.56.45.15.20
Email: info@campbellsci.fr
Website: www.campbellsci.fr
Germany
Location: Bremen, Germany
Phone:
49.0.421.460974.0
Email: info@campbellsci.de
Website: www.campbellsci.de
India
Location: New Delhi, DL India
Phone:
91.11.46500481.482
Email: info@campbellsci.in
Website: www.campbellsci.in
South Africa
Location: Stellenbosch, South Africa
Phone:
27.21.8809960
Email: sales@campbellsci.co.za
Website: www.campbellsci.co.za
Spain
Location: Barcelona, Spain
Phone:
34.93.2323938
Email: info@campbellsci.es
Website: www.campbellsci.es
Thailand
Location: Bangkok, Thailand
Phone:
66.2.719.3399
Email: thitipongc@campbellsci.asia
Website: www.campbellsci.asia
UK
Location: Shepshed, Loughborough, UK
Phone:
44.0.1509.601141
Email: sales@campbellsci.co.uk
Website: www.campbellsci.co.uk
USA
Location: Logan, UT USA
Phone:
435.227.9120
Email: info@campbellsci.com
Website: www.campbellsci.com
Loading...