Campbell DOT600 Instruction Manual

DOT600 Roadbed

Water Content Meter

1/10

Copyright © 2010

Campbell Scientific, Inc.

Warranty and Assistance

The DOT600 ROADBED WATER CONTENT METER is warranted by
CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. to be free from defects in materials and
workmanship under normal use and service for twelve (12) months from date
of shipment unless specified otherwise. Batteries have no warranty.
CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.'s obligation under this warranty is limited to
repairing or replacing (at CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.'s option) defective
products. The customer shall assume all costs of removing, reinstalling, and
shipping defective products to CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. CAMPBELL
SCIENTIFIC, INC. will return such products by surface carrier prepaid. This
warranty shall not apply to any CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. products
which have been subjected to modification, misuse, neglect, accidents of
nature, or shipping damage. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties,
expressed or implied, including warranties of merchantability or fitness for a
particular purpose. CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. is not liable for special,
indirect, incidental, or consequential damages.

Products may not be returned without prior authorization. The following
contact information is for US and International customers residing in countries
served by Campbell Scientific, Inc. directly. Affiliate companies handle
repairs for customers within their territories. Please visit
www.campbellsci.com to determine which Campbell Scientific company
serves your country.

To obtain a Returned Materials Authorization (RMA), contact CAMPBELL
SCIENTIFIC, INC., phone [phone]. After an applications engineer
determines the nature of the problem, an RMA number will be issued. Please
write this number clearly on the outside of the shipping container.
CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC's shipping address is:

CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.

RMA#_____
815 West 1800 North
Logan, Utah 84321-1784

For all returns, the customer must fill out a “Declaration of Hazardous Material
and Decontamination” form and comply with the requirements specified in it.
The form is available from our website at
completed form must be either emailed to [e-mail]
435-750-9579. Campbell Scientific will not process any returns until we
receive this form. If the form is not received within three days of product
receipt or is incomplete, the product will be returned to the customer at the
customer’s expense. Campbell Scientific reserves the right to refuse service on
products that were exposed to contaminants that may cause health or safety
concerns for our employees.

www.campbellsci.com/repair

. A

or faxed to

DOT600 Table of Contents

PDF viewers note: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use
the Adobe Acrobat® bookmarks tab for links to specific sections.

1. General Description.....................................................1

2. What Parts Comprise the DOT600 .............................2

3. Specifications ..............................................................3

4. User Interface for Measurement and Control............4

4.1 The Keypad...............................................................................................4

4.2 Main Menu ...............................................................................................4

4.2.1 Project Information.........................................................................5

4.2.2 Test ID Data....................................................................................5

4.2.3 Make Measurements.......................................................................6

4.2.4 System Menu ..................................................................................6

4.2.5 Measurement Report.......................................................................6

5. Making Measurements with the DOT600...................7

5.1 Tare Scale.................................................................................................8

5.2 Fill Sample Chamber................................................................................9

5.2.1 Weigh the Sample...........................................................................9

5.3 Compress Sample and Measure Water Content......................................10

5.3.1 Write Measurement Data to Record..............................................13

5.3.2 Start New Test...............................................................................14

5.4 Removing Samples.................................................................................14

6. Detailed Description..................................................15

6.1 Power System.........................................................................................15

6.1.1 Battery, Charger and Power Switch..............................................15

6.2 CR850 Datalogger..................................................................................15

6.3 Water Content Measurement..................................................................15

6.3.1 Electronics and Waveguide...........................................................15

6.3.2 Sample Chamber Volume and Compression Force......................16

6.3.3 Water Content Calibration............................................................16

7. Maintenance...............................................................16

i

DOT600 Table of Contents

Appendix

A. Design and Calibration ...........................................A-1

Figures

A.1 Description of Basic Technology........................................................ A-1

A.2 Description of the Modified Device.................................................... A-2

A.3 Detailed Description of any Field and Laboratory Work.................... A-2

A.4 Displacement Sensor Calibration........................................................ A-3

A.5 Sensitivity of Weight Position on Scale Surface................................. A-4

A.6 Soil Water Content Calibration........................................................... A-4

A.7 Description of the Test Performed and Factors Which Could Have

Effect on Results of DOT600 Measurements....................................A-5

1. Cross sectional drawing shows mounting of battery and charger/

regulator beneath panel ..................................................................... 15

A-1. Typical scale calibration. The standard error is 0.013 g.................... A-3

A-2. Typical calibration data for the displacement sensors.......................A-4

A-3. Partial calibration set showing calibration data and equation.

The effect of clay content on sensor response is apparent ..............A-5

Tables

1. Common and Special Keypad Functions................................................... 4

2. Information in the report............................................................................ 6

ii

DOT600 Roadbed Water Content Meter

1. General Description

The DOT600 is a portable device for measuring the water content of soils used
in construction of roads, parking lots, foundations, etc. Samples collected from
field sites are compacted using a vertical stress of (15-45 PSI), then the water
content is measured using dielectric permittivity sensitive methods. A separate
scale and magnetic linear sensors measure the sample volume and mass, which
allows calculation of bulk density and conversion of the measured volumetric
water content to gravimetric water content. Measurement results are written to
a data table for permanent record. All measurements are controlled by a
Campbell Scientific CR850 datalogger which includes an 8 line display and
keypad for interface.

1

DOT600 Roadbed Water Content Meter

2. What Parts Comprise the DOT600

DOT600 components are housed in a rugged case. Contained in the case are:

1. Cable to charge DOT 600 from AC power source

2. Sample chamber base

3. Sample chamber cylinder

4. Ratcheting box-end wrench

5. Compression cap

6. Sieve, #4 mesh

7. DOT600 operating manual

8. RS-232 serial cable

9. PC200W software

10. External Keypad

2

3. Specifications

Power

Battery

2.9 Ahr rechargeable sealed lead-acid battery
Operating temperature range: -20°C to 60°C
Standby charge retention at 20°C for one year = 95%
Lifetime approximately 500 cycles with discharge to 50% followed by
recharge.
See section Power System

Scale

Capacity = 1000 g
Accuracy = ±0.032%
Repeatability = 0.02% FS
The scale has overload protection in both the up and down d i rect i ons d uring
shipping. But it only has overload protect i o n in the dow n di rect i o n du ri n g use.

Water Content Measurement

Resolution = 1% volumetric water content
Precision = 0.75% volumetric water content

DOT600 Roadbed Water Content Meter

Resolution is the minimum change in the measured parameter, water content,
that the sensor can repeatedly detect.

Precision is the expected range for repeated measurements on the same sample.

Accuracy is defined by comparing DOT600 measured water contents to
independently determined values. The independent method is water content by
gravimetric method (weighing sample before and after oven drying).

The DOT600 water content measurement uses a calibration to convert sensor
output period to volumetric water content. This calibration was derived at the
factory for various soil types. The calibration coefficients used are determined
by the material type selected by the user. Repeated measurements on the sandy
loam soil over the water content range from air dry to about 70% saturation
show deviations from independent measurements of less than ±1.5%
volumetric water content.

Since the gravimetric water content measurement uses sample volume and
weight to convert from measured volumetric water content, the accuracy of the
gravimetric water content will be less than the volumetric value because of
inherent errors of the volume and weight measurements.

Sample Volume and Applied Force Measurement

Sample Volume
±1.5% for compressed sampled with thickness between .400 in to 1.000 in.
Sensitive Volume
The electromagnetic field penetrates the sample 0.39 in. Sensitive volume is
about 3.5 in
Applied vertical stress range and accuracy
Applied vertical stress: 0 to 45 PSI.
Applied vertical stress measurement accuracy: 1.7 PSI.

3

.

3

DOT600 Roadbed Water Content Meter

4. User Interface for Measurement and Control

The Measurement and Control Datalogger has a built-in ruggedized
membrane-switch keypad for control and a display with 8 lines and 21
characters per line. Measurement control uses a hierarchical structure of
menus and submenus.

4.1 The Keypad

The keypad keys that are commonly used or have special functions are listed in
Table 1.

TABLE 1. Common and Special Keypad Functions

Key Usage

[2] and [8] Navigate up and down through the menu list one line at a time
[Enter] Selects the line or toggles the option of the line the cursor is on
[Esc] Backs up one level in the menu
[Home] Moves cursor to top of the list

4.2 Main Menu

[End] Moves cursor to bottom of the list
[BkSpc] Delete character to the left
[Shift] Change alpha character selected (shown at top right)
[Num Lock] Change to numeric entry

The Main Menu is the starting point for each set of measurements and is
discussed in this section.

4

4.2.1 Project Information

A 9-digit alphanumeric value can be entered to identify the project. The
current date is automatically set. The project information is written to the
measurement report (see Measurement Report section). Data can be displayed
in either Imperial or SI units.

4.2.2 Test ID Data

DOT600 Roadbed Water Content Meter

The elements of this submenu allow the user to enter information about a set of
measurements. Scroll to the element and press the Enter button to enter value.
The entered information will appear in the report. Abbreviations such as
“Matrl Type” are used because the number of characters used in a field is
limited.

Parameter Description

Tester Enter name of person performing the measurements
Test # Enter a numeric test identifier
Material Type

(Matrl Type)

Station (X-Coor)
Offset (Y-Coor)
Depth (Z-Coor)

Press Enter and scroll the pick list to select a soil type,
or select “custom” for custom material. The sandy
loam calibration has been found to work for most
typical soils

Enter value to identify sample location(s) in X, Y and
Z coordinates

5

DOT600 Roadbed Water Content Meter

4.2.3 Make Measurements

Scrolling to and selecting Make Measurements allows selection of
measurement steps and displays the results as measurements are made. See
Measurement section for detailed description .

4.2.4 System Menu

The System Menu allows user access to numerous settings and data. For
operation of the DOT600, the only control of interest is System
Menu/Configure, Settings/Display. From this menu the user can control the
display back lighting, contrast and display timeout to save power. The
calibration file can also be edited through this menu, and a list of files stored on
the datalogger CPU can be accessed.

4.2.5 Measurement Report

A command in the measurement sequence writes measurement data to a file.
The information in the file is similar to information recorded on data sheets
commonly used by Departments of Trans po r t a ti on. Table 2 descri bes the
report information. Units are SI or Im perial, as selected by user.

TABLE 2. Information in the report.

Variable Description

TIMESTAMP Date and time when measurements are written

to data file
RECORD Record number
Project# Value entered by user to identify project
DMY Day, month and year
Tester Value entered by user to identify person making

measurements
TestNum Incremental record number. Automatically

increments after each data write to output table
XCoordinate, YCoordinate,

ZCoordinate
Per Output period of measurement circuit
Freq Output frequency of measurement circuit
Gwc Gravimetric water content
Vwc Volumetric water content
Material Type Soil texture
Dry Bulk Density Sample dry bulk density

Values entered by user to identify sample

location

Sample Weight Sample net weight
SampleVolume Sample volume
SampleDepth Depth or thickness of sample at time of

6

measurement

DOT600 Roadbed Water Content Meter

Sample Vertical Stress Vertical stress applied to compress the sample
CompressionForce Force applied to compress the sample
batt_volt_Min Minimum system battery voltage during

measurement period

5. Making Measurements with the DOT600

Level the DOT600 case using the built-in bubble.

Turn DOT600 on and wait for program to compile and Main Menu to appear.
After entering Project Information and Test ID Data values as desired, select
Make Measurements in the Main Menu.

The Measurement selection allows the user to select the various measurement
functions. The Process Step shows the status of the measurement. Beginning
at Test #, the user can scroll down to view measurement values. Or the user
may change the Test # at this location.

7

DOT600 Roadbed Water Content Meter

5.1 Tare Scale

Place the empty sample chamber base and cylinder on the scale.

CAUTION

The scale is very sensitive. Do not pull up on scale during
use. Doing so could permanently damage the scale.

In the top level menu select Make Measurements , select Measurement, and
then select Tare Scale. The display will then shift back to the Make
Measurement menu. When the Measurement value is 0 the measurement is
complete.

Weighing measurements take about 3 seconds. When the tare measurement is
complete the weight of the item on the scale is displayed next to Tare (g)
(found at the bottom of the list. Use arrow keys to scroll down list). If an
accurate measurement is not made within 9 seconds, a “wind error” message
will appear on the screen and the tare process will need to be started again.

8

5.2 Fill Sample Chamber

On a flat surface away from the case, place the sieve on the sample chamber
and fill the sieve with material. Push the material through the sieve using
fingers or tool. Do not pack the material into the sample chamber, only fill it.

DOT600 Roadbed Water Content Meter

NOTE

Sample depth measurement range is 0.4” (~1cm) to 1.0” (2.5cm).

Once the material is pushed through the sieve, tap the sample chamber/sieve on
a hard surface and remove the sieve. Brush away any material on the side or
bottom of the sample chamber. Take care to not let the base detach from the
sample chamber cylinder while moving the filled sample chamber. It is
advisable to hold the sample chamber at the base when moving the chamber to
the scale or placing on contact pins.

5.2.1 Weigh the Sample

Place the filled sample chamber on the scale.

9

DOT600 Roadbed Water Content Meter

Select Measurement, select Weigh Sample. The display will shift to the
Make Measurement menu.

When the weighing process is complete the net sample weight is displayed next
to Weight (g), and the process step will read “weigh”. If an accurate weight
measurement is not made within 9 seconds, a “wind error” message will appear
on the screen and the weighing process will need to be started again.

5.3 Compress Sample and Measure Water Content

Place the filled and weighed sample chamber base over the pins with the
indices aligned. The base should rest flat against the surface. Make sure there
is no soil under sample chamber, which could affect volume accuracy.

10

DOT600 Roadbed Water Content Meter

Place the compression cap on the sample chamber by aligning the pins in slots
and twist to lock.

Turn the compression nut clockwise by hand or with a wrench until you can
feel the sample being compressed.

11

DOT600 Roadbed Water Content Meter

Place the wrench on the compression nut and rotate clockwise. Compress the
sample to a desired pressure (PSI), displayed on the logger screen.

CAUTION

NOTE

Do not compress sample beyond 45 PSI.

When samp le is compressed r emove wrench from co mpression
nut and place on foam away from the compression chamber.
Failing to do so will create interference with the magnetic
positioning sensors.

NOTE

Sample elasticity will require some time for the sample to
compress (~30 sec to 1 min). As the sample compacts the
pressure will decrease and the compression may need to be
adjusted.

12

DOT600 Roadbed Water Content Meter

When the target pressure is reached select Measurement, select Sample
VWC.

Press Enter to

1. measure volumetric water content, VWC

2. record applied pressure

3. measure sample volume

4. calculate sample dry bulk density

5. calculate gravimetric water content, GWC

The values are displayed on the logger screen. Additional values can be seen
by scrolling down with the arrow key (8 key).

5.3.1 Write Measurement Data to Record

Any operation from Tare_Scale to Sample_VWC may be repeated at this time
and values updated accordingly.

Once the measurement is finished, data may be recorded by selecting
Measurement, and Rec Sample Data to write the sample data to datalogger
storage. Once data is recorded it is stored in a data table named SampleData.
The Sample Data file can be collected from the Datalogger using a PC and
PC200 software (supplied).

13

DOT600 Roadbed Water Content Meter

5.3.2 Start New Test

Select Measurement, select New Sample.

Press Enter to:

1. zero all temporary values

2. increment test #

5.4 Removing Samples

Remove the sample chamber completely from the enclosure.
Loosen the compression nut by turning the ratchet in a counter clockwise
direction.
Remove the compression cap.
Remove the sample chamber ring from the sample chamber base.
The sample can then be removed from the sample ring.

14

6. Detailed Description

6.1 Power System

6.1.1 Battery, Charger and Power Switch

A 2.9 Ahr battery and a CH100 charger/regulator (manufactured by Campbell
Scientific) are mounted beneath the panel as shown in Figure 1.

A wiring harness distributes power and connects the charger to a jack located
on the panel in the upper-left corner near the power switch. This jack mates
with the wires from a wall transformer and allows charging the battery. The

2.9 Ahr battery will provide 24 hours of con tinuous operation. The battery will
not operate properly under 11.5V.

DOT600 Roadbed Water Content Meter

FIGURE 1. Cross sectional drawing shows mounting of battery and charger/regulator beneath panel.

6.2 CR850 Datalogger

The CR850 Measurement and Control Datalogger monitors all measurement
sensors, executes measurement program and stores the measurement results as
a time-stamped record. These operations are controlled by a custom datalogger
program designed by Campbell Scientific.

6.3 Water Content Measurement

6.3.1 Electronics and Waveguide

The water content measurement uses a method that is sensitive to dielectric
permittivity. The permittivity of water is at least an order of magnitude greater
than other soil constituents. Other than air, which has permittivity of one,
water is the only soil constituent that changes with time.

This method is sensitive to volumetric water content which is reported directly
by the datalogger. Conversion to gravimetric water content is calculated from
the wet weight, volume and volumetric water content.

15

DOT600 Roadbed Water Content Meter

A circuit board containing water content measurement electronics is mounted
below the sample chamber and is electrically connected to a waveguide
mounted in the bottom of the chamber. As water content of the sample
increases, the oscillation frequency of the circuit decreases, and this frequency
is related to water content through empirical calibration.

6.3.2 Sample Chamber Volume and Compression Force

The sample volume is calculated from known diameter of the sample chamber
and the distance between the bottom of the chamber and the compression
piston. The distance is measured with a magnetic displacement sensor. The
compression force is calculated by knowing the distance between the
compression piston and the spring compression plate. This distance will
determine how far the springs between these two plates have compressed. This
is determined by comparing two different magnetic displacement sensors.
Knowing the distance the springs have compressed and the spring rate we can
then calculate the compression force.

6.3.3 Water Content Calibration

The water content measurement uses a calibration derived by the DOT600
manufacturer using soils with a range of textures. The calibration coefficients
are selected using material type. The DOT600 response can be affected by soil
salinity in addition to clay content. Soils high in clay and electrical
conductivity (greater than about 1.5 deciSiemens/meter) may require a soil
specific calibration. The water content response is linear so a one-point
calibration will work.

7. Maintenance

Sample Chamber and Compression Cap

The sample chamber and compression cap should be cleaned after use. Failure
to do so could affect future water content measurements.

The lead screw should be lubricated as needed with a liquid graphite lubricant.

Enclosure

Before placing the sample chamber in the location for measurement, the
surface should be clear of any dust or soil.

Calibration

The unit should be recalibrated at least once for each two-year period.

16

Appendix A. Design and Calibration

A.1 Description of Basic Technology

The DOT600 is based on the design of the DMM600 Duff Moisture Meter also
manufactured by Campbell Scientific. Both devices measure volumetric water
content of a porous-media sample by placing the sample in a cylindrical sample
chamber, compressing the sample to a known compaction and then measuring
the water content using a method that is sensitive to dielectric permittivity.
These devices are portable and are easily transported to the field work-site for
real-time measurements.

The method used to measure soil water content is an indirect measurement that
is sensitive to the dielectric permittivity of the material surrounding the probe
rods. Since water is the only soil constituent that (1) has a high value for
dielectric permittivity and (2) is the only component other than air that changes
in concentration, a device sensitive to dielectric permittivity can be used to
measure volumetric water content.

The waveguide that is the bottom of the 3 inch diameter sample chamber has
interlaced circuit traces that form the ‘plates’ of a capacitor. The amount of
water in the soil being measured determines the dielectric permittivity which is
directly related to capacitance. The oscillation frequency of the circuit is
dependent on the capacitance. The waveguide floats on precision springs.
When a preset travel distance has occurred from sample compression, a limit
switch is made and the measurement completed in about 0.5 milliseconds. A
scaled oscillation frequency is measured by the DMM 600 and used in an
empirically derived calibration equation to provide volumetric water content.

A-1

Appendix A. Design and Calibration

A.2 Description of the Modified Device

The method of water content measurement used by the DMM600 is also used
in the DOT600 but with several significant differences listed here.

• The electronics for the dielectric measurement method are modernized to

provide improved measurement accuracy and resolution. Surface-mount
components are used to obtain higher speed measurements which directly
improves water content measurement accuracy.

• An integral scale is used to measure sample weight.

• The compression mechanism allows ma ximum compression of about 45

psi compared to less than 3 psi with the DMM600

• Magnetic displacement sensors are used to accurately measure sample

volume and applied force. With measured sample volume and weight, dry
bulk density can be calculated which allows water content to be expressed
in gravimetric terms.

• A CR850 datalogger with 8-line, 21 character display and control keypad

is the user interface and performs calculations along with controlling
measurement sequence and generating a record of all measurements and
parameters entered by the user.

• All DOT600 components are housed in a rugged, plastic carrying case.

A.3 Detailed Description of any Field and Laboratory

Work

Field work

The DOT600 has been used in the field to evaluate general operation, and for
demonstration. All of the calibration work was done in the laboratory.

Description of laboratory calibration

Laboratory calibration is required for the following components of the
DOT600 system:

1. scale

2. compression piston and spring-base travel

3. water content measurement

A-2

700

Appendix A. Design and Calibration

Calibrating the DOT600 scale is a simple matter of placing objects of known
weight on the scale and recording the output voltage. Precision calibration
weights manufactured by Ohaus and checked on an independent scale were
used. Figure 1 show the linear relationship

Weighi ng scal e cal i br ation

600

500

400

300

weight (g)

200

100

0

0.000 0.100 0 .200 0.300 0.400 0.500 0.600 0.700

-100

y = 1065x - 80.773

2

= 1

R

voltage output (V)

FIGURE A-1. Typical scale calibration. The standard error is 0.013 g.

A.4 Displacement Sensor Calibration

Magnetic displacement sensors provi de position of both the compression pist on
and the plate above the compression springs. With the information both
sample chamber volume and compression force can be derived. Calibration of
the displacement sensors was performed by placing spacers of known length in
the sample chamber and calibrating to measurement output voltage. The
spacers were custom made with tolerance +/- 0.0005 inch. The error from the
calibration and other error sources is considered in the performance
specifications. Figure 2 show a typical displacement sensor calibration.
Polynomial equations were used to define the calibration equations for all
sensors.

A-3

Appendix A. Design and Calibration

Typical di spl acement sensor cal i brat i on

1.00

0.80

0.60

0.40

Displ acement (i nch es)

0.20

0.00

-40.000 -20.000 0.000 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000

Displacement sensor output (millivolts)

FIGURE A-2. Typical calibration data for the displacement sensors.

A.5 Sensitivity of Weight Position on Scale Surface

Small weights (diameter = 3 cm, weight = 200 g) were placed at various
locations of a symmetrically defined grid superimposed on the scale surface.
There were no significant differences among any of the positions. It is
concluded that placing the sample chamber anywhere on the scale surface such
that it is not extending over any edge of the scale will result in no error
contribution to the measurement.

A.6 Soil Water Content Calibration

Multiple soil water content calibrations are derived to cover a range of soil
textures. Water content measurement methods that are sensitive to dielectric
permittivity are inherently sensitive to soil texture and specifically clay
content.

The calibrations were obtained by independently measuring sample volumetric
water content. Soils mixed to a range of water contents were measured in the
DOT600 in normal fashion. The cylindrically-shaped sample was removed
from the sample chamber intact. This allows accurate measurement of the
sample volume. Oven drying at 105C for 24 ho u rs was used to determine
sample gravimetric water content which is converted to volumetric water
content by multiplying by the sample dry bulk density. Three repetitions were
used for each soil at each water content.

A-4

0.45

0.4

0.35

0.3

0.25

0.2

Appendix A. Design and Calibration

0.15

0.1

volumetric water content (m^3 m^-3)

0.05

clay calib
sand calib
loam calib
silt calib

0

15 20 25 30 35 40

Water content sensor output (microseconds)

FIGURE A-3. Partial calibration set showing calibration data and equation.

The effect of clay content on sensor response is apparent.

A.7 Description of the Test Performed and Factors

Which Could Have Effect on Results of DOT600
Measurements

The scale/load cell

Weights from 100 grams to 1000 grams were placed at various locations of a
symmetrically defined grid superimposed on the scale surface. The CR850
measures an average weight over 2.5 seconds. There were no significant
differences in error among any of the positions. The total specified error of the
load cell is ± 0.32g. From our testing the maximum error of the load cell was ±

0.22g, giving us a maximum error of .22% for a typical 100g soil sample. The
load cells also appear to not have an error bias. It is concluded that placing the
sample chamber anywhere on the scale surface such that it is not extending
over any edge of the scale will result in no significant error contribution to the
measurement.

Also during field testing of the scale we found wind to have an effect on scale
accuracy. To remove the error caused by wind we added programming to
determine if there was a rate of change due to wind. This code will prevent any
spikes in weight, but if the scale is tared in a wind of 5mph and the sample is

A-5

Appendix A. Design and Calibration

weighted in a 10 mph wind there will be some error, so taring the scale and
weighting the sample should be performed in the same environment.

The enclosure should also be leveled, using the bubble level next to the scale,
to have accurate weight measurements.

Displacement Sensors/Sample Thickness/Compression Pressure

Magnetic displacement sensors provi de position of both the compression pist on
and the plate above the compression springs. With the information both
sample chamber volume and compression force can be derived.

Testing of the displacement sensor, used for measuring sample thickness, was
performed by placing spacers of known length in the sample chamber and
measurements were taken. The spacers were custom made with tolerance ±

0.0005 inches. The typical error from .400 inches to 1.00 inch was found to be
± .005 inches, with a maximum of ± .009 inches. Testing showed a positive
error bias for thicknesses of .400 inches to .600 inches and a negative error bias
for thicknesses of .600 inches to 1.00 inch. The error for sample thicknesses
between .600 inches to 1.00 inch also tends to be minimized.

Testing of the displacement sensor, used for measuring spring compression,
was done by using a load cell to determine compression pressure. Repeated
measurements showed an error of ± 1.7 PSI with no bias.

Soil water content

Soil water content tests were conducted on multiple soil textures. This was
done by measuring sample gravimetric water content using the DOT600. The
cylindrically-shaped sample was removed from the sample chamber intact. It
was then oven dried at 105C for 24 hours to determine sample dry weight, bulk
density, gravimetric water content. Three repetitions were used for each soil
and water mixture. Testing showed accuracy of ± 1.5% gravimetric water
content. For example, a measured gravimetric water content of 10% has an
actual value in the range of 8.5% to 11.5% gravimetric water content. Test
bias for gravimetric water content was positive.

A-6

Campbell Scientific Companies

Campbell Scientific, Inc. (CSI)

815 West 1800 North

Logan, Utah 84321

UNITED STATES

www.campbellsci.com • [e-mail]

Campbell Scientific Africa Pty. Ltd. (CSAf)

PO Box 2450

Somerset West 7129

SOUTH AFRICA

www.csafrica.co.za • [e-mail]

Campbell Scientific Australia Pty. Ltd. (CSA)

PO Box 444

Thuringowa Central

QLD 4812 AUSTRALIA

www.campbellsci.com.au • [e-mail]

Campbell Scientific do Brazil Ltda. (CSB)

Rua Luisa Crapsi Orsi, 15 Butantã

CEP: 005543-000 São Paulo SP BRAZIL

www.campbellsci.com.br • [e-mail]

Campbell Scientific Canada Corp. (CSC)

11564 - 149th Street NW

Edmonton, Alberta T5M 1W7

CANADA

www.campbellsci.ca • [e-mail]

Campbell Scientific Centro Caribe S.A. (CSCC)

300 N Cementerio, Edificio Breller

Santo Domingo, Heredia 40305

COSTA RICA

www.campbellsci.cc • [e-mail]

Campbell Scientific Ltd. (CSL)

Campbell Park

80 Hathern Road

Shepshed, Loughborough LE12 9GX

UNITED KINGDOM

www.campbellsci.co.uk • [e-mail]

Campbell Scientific Ltd. (France)

Miniparc du Verger - Bat. H

1, rue de Terre Neuve - Les Ulis

91967 COURTABOEUF CEDEX

FRANCE

www.campbellsci.fr • [e-mail]

Campbell Scientific Spain, S. L.

Psg. Font 14, local 8

08013 Barcelona

SPAIN

www.campbellsci.es • [e-mail]

Please visit www.campbellsci.com to obtain contact information for your local US or International representative.