Campbell CR800 Series Operator's Manual

OPERATOR'S MANUAL

Revision: 12/16

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Copyright © 2000 – 2016

(p. 35)

CR800 Series Dataloggers

Campbell Scientific, Inc.

3

Warranty

The CR800 Measurement and Control Datalogger is warranted for three (3) years
subject to this limited warranty:

Limited Warranty: Products manufactured by CSI are warranted by CSI to be free
from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service for
twelve months from the date of shipment unless otherwise specified in the
corresponding product manual. (Product manuals are available for review online
at www.campbellsci.com.) Products not manufactured by CSI, but that are resold
by CSI, are warranted only to the limits extended by the original manufacturer.
Batteries, fine-wire thermocouples, desiccant, and other consumables have no
warranty. CSI's obligation under this warranty is limited to repairing or replacing
(at CSI's option) defective Products, which shall be the sole and exclusive remedy
under this warranty. The Customer assumes all costs of removing, reinstalling,
and shipping defective Products to CSI. CSI will return such Products by surface
carrier prepaid within the continental United States of America. To all other
locations, CSI will return such Products best way CIP (port of entry) per
Incoterms ® 2010. This warranty shall not apply to any Products which have been
subjected to modification, misuse, neglect, improper service, accidents of nature,
or shipping damage. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or
implied. The warranty for installation services performed by CSI such as
programming to customer specifications, electrical connections to Products
manufactured by CSI, and Product specific training, is part of CSI's product
warranty. CSI EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS AND EXCLUDES ANY IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. CSI hereby disclaims, to the fullest extent allowed by
applicable law, any and all warranties and conditions with respect to the Products,
whether express, implied or statutory, other than those expressly provided herein.

5

Assistance

Products may not be returned without prior authorization. The following contact
information is for US and International customers residing in countries served by
Campbell Scientific, Inc. directly. Affiliate companies handle repairs for
customers within their territories. Please visit www.campbellsci.com to determine
which Campbell Scientific company serves your country.

To obtain a Returned Materials Authorization (RMA), contact CAMPBELL
SCIENTIFIC, INC., phone [phone]. After a support engineer determines
the nature of the problem, an RMA number will be issued. Please write this
number clearly on the outside of the shipping container. Campbell Scientific's
shipping address is:

CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.

RMA#_____

815 West 1800 North

Logan, Utah 84321-1784

For all returns, the customer must fill out a "Statement of Product Cleanliness and
Decontamination" form and comply with the requirements specified in it. The
form is available from our web site at www.campbellsci.com/repair. A completed
form must be either emailed to [e-mail] or faxed to 435-227-

9106. Campbell Scientific is unable to process any returns until we receive this
form. If the form is not received within three days of product receipt or is
incomplete, the product will be returned to the customer at the customer's
expense. Campbell Scientific reserves the right to refuse service on products that
were exposed to contaminants that may cause health or safety concerns for our
employees.

7

Precautions

DANGER — MANY HAZARDS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INSTALLING,
USING, MAINTAINING, AND WORKING ON OR AROUND TRIPODS,
TOWERS, AND ANY ATTACHMENTS TO TRIPODS AND TOWERS SUCH
AS SENSORS, CROSSARMS, ENCLOSURES, ANTENNAS, ETC. FAILURE
TO PROPERLY AND COMPLETELY ASSEMBLE, INSTALL, OPERATE,
USE, AND MAINTAIN TRIPODS, TOWERS, AND ATTACHMENTS, AND
FAILURE TO HEED WARNINGS, INCREASES THE RISK OF DEATH,
ACCIDENT, SERIOUS INJURY, PROPERTY DAMAGE, AND PRODUCT
FAILURE. TAKE ALL REASONABLE PRECAUTIONS TO AVOID THESE
HAZARDS. CHECK WITH YOUR ORGANIZATION'S SAFETY
COORDINATOR (OR POLICY) FOR PROCEDURES AND REQUIRED
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PRIOR TO PERFORMING ANY WORK.

Use tripods, towers, and attachments to tripods and towers only for purposes for
which they are designed. Do not exceed design limits. Be familiar and comply
with all instructions provided in product manuals. Manuals are available at
www.campbellsci.com or by telephoning 435-227-9000 (USA). You are
responsible for conformance with governing codes and regulations, including
safety regulations, and the integrity and location of structures or land to which
towers, tripods, and any attachments are attached. Installation sites should be
evaluated and approved by a qualified engineer. If questions or concerns arise
regarding installation, use, or maintenance of tripods, towers, attachments, or
electrical connections, consult with a licensed and qualified engineer or
electrician.

General

• Prior to performing site or installation work, obtain required approvals

and permits. Comply with all governing structure-height regulations,
such as those of the FAA in the USA.

• Use only qualified personnel for installation, use, and maintenance of

tripods and towers, and any attachments to tripods and towers. The use of
licensed and qualified contractors is highly recommended.

• Read all applicable instructions carefully and understand procedures

thoroughly before beginning work.

• Wear a hardhat and eye protection, and take other appropriate safety

precautions while working on or around tripods and towers.

• Do not climb tripods or towers at any time, and prohibit climbing by

other persons. Take reasonable precautions to secure tripod and tower
sites from trespassers.

• Use only manufacturer recommended parts, materials, and tools.

8

Utility and Electrical

• You can be killed or sustain serious bodily injury if the tripod, tower, or

attachments you are installing, constructing, using, or maintaining, or a
tool, stake, or anchor, come in contact with overhead or underground
utility lines.

• Maintain a distance of at least one-and-one-half times structure height, or

20 feet, or the distance required by applicable law, whichever is greater,
between overhead utility lines and the structure (tripod, tower,
attachments, or tools).

• Prior to performing site or installation work, inform all utility companies

and have all underground utilities marked.

• Comply with all electrical codes. Electrical equipment and related

grounding devices should be installed by a licensed and qualified
electrician.

Elevated Work and Weather

• Exercise extreme caution when performing elevated work.

• Use appropriate equipment and safety practices.

• During installation and maintenance, keep tower and tripod sites clear of

un-trained or non-essential personnel. Take precautions to prevent
elevated tools and objects from dropping.

• Do not perform any work in inclement weather, including wind, rain,

snow, lightning, etc.

Maintenance

• Periodically (at least yearly) check for wear and damage, including

corrosion, stress cracks, frayed cables, loose cable clamps, cable
tightness, etc. and take necessary corrective actions.

• Periodically (at least yearly) check electrical ground connections.

WHILE EVERY ATTEMPT IS MADE TO EMBODY THE HIGHEST
DEGREE OF SAFETY IN ALL CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTS, THE
CUSTOMER ASSUMES ALL RISK FROM ANY INJURY RESULTING
FROM IMPROPER INSTALLATION, USE, OR MAINTENANCE OF
TRIPODS, TOWERS, OR ATTACHMENTS TO TRIPODS AND TOWERS
SUCH AS SENSORS, CROSSARMS, ENCLOSURES, ANTENNAS, ETC.

9

Table of Contents

1. Introduction ............................................................... 29

1.1 HELLO .............................................................................................. 29

1.2 Typography ....................................................................................... 30

1.3 Capturing CRBasic Code .................................................................. 30

2. Precautions ................................................................ 31

3. Initial Inspection ........................................................ 33

4. Quickstart .................................................................. 35

4.1 Sensors — Quickstart ...................................................................... 35

4.2 Datalogger — Quickstart ................................................................... 36

4.2.1 CR800 Module ........................................................................... 36

4.2.1.1 Wiring Panel — Quickstart.............................................. 36

4.3 Power Supplies — Quickstart ........................................................... 37

4.3.1 Internal Battery — Quickstart .................................................... 38

4.4 Data Retrieval and Comms — Quickstart ......................................... 38

4.5 Datalogger Support Software — Quickstart ...................................... 39

4.6 Tutorial: Measuring a Thermocouple ................................................ 39

4.6.1 What You Will Need .................................................................. 40

4.6.2 Hardware Setup .......................................................................... 40

4.6.2.1 Connect External Power Supply ...................................... 40

4.6.2.2 Connect Comms .............................................................. 41

4.6.3 PC200W Software Setup ............................................................ 41

4.6.4 Write CRBasic Program with Short Cut .................................... 43

4.6.4.1 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 1 to 5) ................................. 44

4.6.4.2 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 6 to 7) ................................. 45

4.6.4.3 Procedure: (Short Cut Step 8) .......................................... 45

4.6.4.4 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 9 to 12) ............................... 45

4.6.4.5 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 13 to 14) ............................. 46

4.6.5 Send Program and Collect Data ................................................. 46

4.6.5.1 Procedure: (PC200W Step 1) ........................................... 47

4.6.5.2 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 2 to 4) .................................. 47

4.6.5.3 Procedure: (PC200W Step 5) ........................................... 48

4.6.5.4 Procedure: (PC200W Step 6) ........................................... 49

4.6.5.5 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 7 to 10) ................................ 50

4.6.5.6 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 11 to 12) .............................. 51

4.6.5.7 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 13 to 14) .............................. 51

4.7 Data Acquisition Systems — Quickstart ........................................... 52

5. Overview .................................................................... 55

5.1 Datalogger — Overview.................................................................... 56

5.1.1 Wiring Panel — Overview ......................................................... 57

5.1.1.1 Switched Voltage Output — Overview ........................... 59

Voltage Excitation — Overview .................................. 60

5.1.1.2

5.1.1.3 Power Terminals .............................................................. 61

5.1.1.3.1 Power In Terminals ............................................... 61

5.1.1.3.2 Power Out Terminals ............................................ 61

Table of Contents

10

5.1.1.4 Communication Ports — Overview ................................. 61

5.1.1.4.1 RS-232 Ports ......................................................... 62

5.1.1.4.2 SDI-12 Ports ......................................................... 63

5.1.1.4.3 SDM Port .............................................................. 63

5.1.1.4.4 CPI Port and CDM Devices — Overview ............ 63

5.1.1.4.5 Ethernet Port ......................................................... 64

5.1.1.5 Grounding — Overview .................................................. 64

5.2 Measurements — Overview .............................................................. 64

5.2.1 Time Keeping — Overview ....................................................... 65

5.2.2 Analog Measurements — Overview .......................................... 65

5.2.2.1 Voltage Measurements — Overview ............................... 65

5.2.2.1.1 Single-Ended Measurements — Overview ........... 67

5.2.2.1.2 Differential Measurements — Overview .............. 68

5.2.2.2 Current Measurements — Overview ............................... 68

5.2.2.3 Resistance Measurements — Overview .......................... 69

5.2.2.3.1 Voltage Excitation ................................................ 69

5.2.2.4 Strain Measurements — Overview .................................. 70

5.2.3 Pulse Measurements — Overview ............................................. 70

5.2.3.1 Pulses Measured .............................................................. 71

5.2.3.2 Pulse Input Channels ....................................................... 71

5.2.3.3 Pulse Sensor Wiring......................................................... 72

5.2.4 Period Averaging — Overview .................................................. 73

5.2.5 Vibrating Wire Measurements — Overview .............................. 73

5.2.6 Reading Smart Sensors — Overview ......................................... 74

5.2.6.1 SDI-12 Sensor Support — Overview .............................. 74

5.2.6.2 RS-232 — Overview ....................................................... 75

5.2.7 Field Calibration — Overview ................................................... 75

5.2.8 Cabling Effects — Overview ..................................................... 76

5.2.9 Synchronizing Measurements — Overview ............................... 76

5.2.9.1 Synchronizing Measurements in the CR800 —

Overview ...................................................................... 76

5.2.9.2 Synchronizing Measurements in a Datalogger

Network — Overview .................................................. 76

5.3 Data Retrieval and Comms — Overview .......................................... 76

5.3.1 Data File Formats in CR800 Memory ........................................ 77

5.3.2 Data Format on Computer .......................................................... 77

5.3.3 Mass-Storage Device .................................................................. 77

5.3.4

Comms Protocols ....................................................................... 77

5.3.4.1 PakBus Comms — Overview .......................................... 77

5.3.5 Alternate Comms Protocols — Overview .................................. 78

5.3.5.1 Modbus — Overview....................................................... 78

5.3.5.2 DNP3 — Overview .......................................................... 79

5.3.5.3 TCP/IP — Overview ........................................................ 79

5.3.6 Comms Hardware — Overview ................................................. 80

5.3.7 Keyboard/Display — Overview ................................................. 80

5.3.7.1 Integrated/Keyboard Display ........................................... 81

5.3.7.2 Character Set .................................................................... 81

5.3.7.3 Custom Menus — Overview ........................................... 82

5.4 Measurement and Control Peripherals — Overview ......................... 82

5.5 Power Supplies — Overview ............................................................ 83

5.6 CR800 Setup — Overview ................................................................ 83

5.7 CRBasic Programming — Overview ................................................ 84

5.8 Security — Overview ........................................................................ 84

5.9 Maintenance — Overview ................................................................. 85

5.9.1 Protection from Moisture — Overview ...................................... 85

Table of Contents

11

5.9.2 Protection from Voltage Transients — Overview ...................... 85

5.9.3 Factory Calibration — Overview ............................................... 86

5.9.4 Internal Battery — Overview ..................................................... 86

5.10 Datalogger Support Software — Overview ....................................... 86

5.11 PLC Control — Overview ................................................................. 87

5.12 Auto Self-Calibration — Overview ................................................... 89

5.13 Memory — Overview ....................................................................... 89

6. Specifications ............................................................ 91

7. Installation ................................................................. 93

7.1 Enclosures — Details ........................................................................ 93

7.2 Power Supplies — Details ................................................................. 94

7.2.1 CR800 Power Requirement ........................................................ 94

7.2.2 Calculating Power Consumption ................................................ 95

7.2.3 Power Sources ............................................................................ 95

7.2.3.1 Vehicle Power Connections ............................................. 95

7.2.4 Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) ........................................ 96

7.2.5 External Power Supply Installation ............................................ 96

7.2.6 External Alkaline Power Supply ................................................ 96

7.3 Grounding — Details ........................................................................ 96

7.3.1 ESD Protection ........................................................................... 97

7.3.1.1 Lightning Protection ........................................................ 98

7.3.2 Single-Ended Measurement Reference ...................................... 99

7.3.3 Ground Potential Differences ................................................... 100

7.3.3.1 Soil Temperature Thermocouple ................................... 100

7.3.3.2 External Signal Conditioner........................................... 100

7.3.4 Ground Looping in Ionic Measurements .................................. 101

7.4 Protection from Moisture — Details ............................................... 102

7.5 CR800 Setup — Details .................................................................. 102

7.5.1 Tools — Setup .......................................................................... 103

7.5.1.1 DevConfig — Setup Tools ............................................ 103

7.5.1.2 Network Planner — Setup Tools ................................... 104

7.5.1.2.1 Overview — Network Planner ............................ 105

7.5.1.2.2 Basics — Network Planner ................................. 106

7.5.1.3 Info Tables and Settings — Setup Tools ....................... 107

7.5.1.4 CRBasic Program — Setup Tools ................................. 108

7.5.1.5 Executable CPU: Files — Setup Tools .......................... 108

7.5.1.5.1 Default.cr8 File ................................

7.5.1.5.2 "Include" File ...................................................... 109

7.5.1.5.3 Executable File Run Priorities ............................ 112

7.5.2 Setup Tasks .............................................................................. 113

7.5.2.1 Operating System (OS) — Details ................................. 113

7.5.2.1.1 OS Update with DevConfig Send OS Tab .......... 114

7.5.2.1.2 OS Update with File Control .............................. 115

7.5.2.1.3 OS Update with Send Program Command ......... 116

7.5.2.1.4 OS Update with External Memory and

PowerUp.ini File ............................................. 117

7.5.2.2 Factory Defaults — Installation ..................................... 118

7.5.2.3 Saving and Restoring Configurations — Installation .... 118

7.6 CRBasic Programming — Details ................................................... 119

7.6.1 Program Structure .................................................................... 119

7.6.2 Writing and Editing Programs .................................................. 122

................... 109

Table of Contents

12

7.6.2.1 Short Cut Programming Wizard .................................... 122

7.6.2.2 CRBasic Editor .............................................................. 122

7.6.2.2.1 Inserting Comments into Program ...................... 123

7.6.2.2.2 Conserving Program Memory ............................. 124

7.6.3 Programming Syntax ................................................................ 124

7.6.3.1 Program Statements ....................................................... 124

7.6.3.1.1 Multiple Statements on One Line ....................... 125

7.6.3.1.2 One Statement on Multiple Lines ....................... 125

7.6.3.2 Single-Statement Declarations ....................................... 125

7.6.3.3 Declaring Variables ....................................................... 126

7.6.3.3.1 Declaring Data Types ......................................... 127

7.6.3.3.2 Dimensioning Numeric Variables ....................... 131

7.6.3.3.3 Dimensioning String Variables ........................... 132

7.6.3.3.4 Declaring Flag Variables .................................... 132

7.6.3.4 Using Variable Pointers ................................................. 133

7.6.3.5 Declaring Arrays ............................................................ 134

7.6.3.5.1 Advanced Array Declaration .............................. 135

7.6.3.6 Declaring Local and Global Variables ........................... 136

7.6.3.7 Initializing Variables...................................................... 136

7.6.3.8 Declaring Constants ....................................................... 137

7.6.3.8.1 Predefined Constants .......................................... 138

7.6.3.9 Declaring Aliases and Units........................................... 138

7.6.3.10 Numerical Formats ........................................................ 139

7.6.3.11 Multi-Statement Declarations ........................................ 140

7.6.3.11.1 Declaring Data Tables ......................................... 141

7.6.3.11.2 Declaring Subroutines ......................................... 148

7.6.3.11.3 Declaring Subroutines ......................................... 149

7.6.3.11.4 Declaring Incidental Sequences .......................... 149

7.6.3.12 Execution and Task Priority........................................... 150

7.6.3.12.1 Pipeline Mode ..................................................... 151

7.6.3.12.2 Sequential Mode ................................................. 152

7.6.3.13 Execution Timing .......................................................... 153

7.6.3.13.1 Scan() / NextScan ............................................... 153

7.6.3.13.2 SlowSequence / EndSequence ............................ 154

7.6.3.13.3 SubScan() / NextSubScan ................................... 155

7.6.3.13.4 Scan Priorities in Sequential Mode ..................... 155

7.6.3.14 Programming Instructions .............................................. 157

7.6.3.14.1 Measurement and Data Storage Processing ........ 157

7.6.3.14.2 Argument Types.................................................. 158

7.6.3.14.3 Names in Arguments ........................................... 158

7.6.3.15 Expressions in Arguments ............................................. 159

7.6.3.16 Programming Expression Types .................................... 160

7.6.3.16.1 Floating-Point Arithmetic ................................... 160

7.6.3.16.2 Arithmetic Operations ......................................... 161

7.6.3.16.3 Expressions with Numeric Data Types ............... 161

7.6.3.16.4 Logical Expressions

............................................ 163

7.6.3.16.5 String Expressions .............................................. 166

7.6.3.17 Programming Access to Data Tables ............................. 167

7.6.3.18 Programming to Use Signatures .................................... 169

7.6.3.19 Functions (with a capital F) ........................................... 169

7.6.4 Sending CRBasic Programs ..................................................... 170

7.6.4.1 Preserving Data at Program Send .................................. 170

7.7 Programming Resource Library ...................................................... 171

7.7.1 Advanced Programming Techniques........................................ 171

7.7.1.1 Capturing Events ........................................................... 171

Table of Contents

13

7.7.1.2 Conditional Output ........................................................ 173

7.7.1.3 Groundwater Pump Test ................................................ 173

7.7.1.4 Miscellaneous Features .................................................. 176

7.7.1.5 PulseCountReset Instruction .......................................... 178

7.7.1.6 Scaling Array ................................................................. 179

7.7.1.7 Signatures: Example Programs ...................................... 180

7.7.1.7.1 Text Signature ..................................................... 180

7.7.1.7.2 Binary Runtime Signature................................... 180

7.7.1.7.3 Executable Code Signatures ............................... 180

7.7.1.8 Use of Multiple Scans .................................................... 181

7.7.2 Data Input: Loading Large Data Sets ....................................... 182

7.7.3 Data Input: Array-Assigned Expression ................................... 183

7.7.4 Data Output: Calculating Running Average ............................. 187

7.7.5 Data Output: Two Intervals in One Data Table ........................ 191

7.7.6 Data Output: Triggers and Omitting Samples .......................... 192

7.7.7 Data Output: Using Data Type Bool8 ...................................... 193

7.7.8 Data Output: Using Data Type NSEC ...................................... 198

7.7.8.1 NSEC Options ............................................................... 198

7.7.9 Data Output: Wind Vector ....................................................... 201

7.7.9.1 OutputOpt Parameters ................................................... 202

7.7.9.2 Wind Vector Processing ................................................ 202

7.7.9.2.1 Measured Raw Data ............................................ 203

7.7.9.2.2 Calculations ........................................................ 204

7.7.10 Displaying Data: Custom Menus — Details ............................ 207

7.7.11 Field Calibration — Details ..................................................... 214

7.7.11.1 Field Calibration CAL Files .......................................... 214

7.7.11.2 Field Calibration Programming ..................................... 215

7.7.11.3 Field Calibration Wizard Overview ............................... 215

7.7.11.4 Field Calibration Numeric Monitor Procedures............. 215

7.7.11.4.1 One-Point Calibrations (Zero or Offset) ............. 216

7.7.11.4.2 Two-Point Calibrations (gain and offset) ............ 217

7.7.11.4.3 Zero Basis Point Calibration ............................... 217

7.7.11.5 Field Calibration Examples ........................................... 217

7.7.11.5.1 FieldCal() Zero or Tare (Opt 0) Example ........... 218

7.7.11.5.2 FieldCal() Offset (Opt 1) Example ..................... 220

7.7.11.5.3 FieldCal() Slope and Offset (Opt 2) Example ..... 223

7.7.11.5.4 FieldCal() Slope (Opt 3) Example ...................... 225

7.7.11.5.5 FieldCal() Zero Basis (Opt 4) Example .............. 228

7.7.11.6 Field Calibration Strain Examples ................................. 228

7.7.11.6.1 FieldCalStrain() Shunt Calibration Concepts...... 228

7.7.11.6.2 FieldCalStrain() Shunt Calibration Example ...... 229

7.7.11.6.3 FieldCalStrain() Quarter-Bridge Shunt

Example ........................................................... 231

7.7.11.6.4 FieldCalStrain() Quarter-Bridge Zero ................. 232

7.7.12 Measurement: Fast Analog Voltage ......................................... 233

7.7.12.1

Tips — Fast Analog Voltage ......................................... 237

7.7.13 Measurement: Excite, Delay, Measure ..................................... 239

7.7.14 Serial I/O: SDI-12 Sensor Support — Details .......................... 240

7.7.14.1 SDI-12 Transparent Mode ............................................. 240

7.7.14.1.1 SDI-12 Transparent Mode Commands ............... 241

7.7.14.2 SDI-12 Recorder Mode .................................................. 246

7.7.14.2.1 Alternate Start Concurrent Measurement

Command ........................................................ 248

7.7.14.2.2 SDI-12 Extended Command Support ................. 253

7.7.14.3 SDI-12 Sensor Mode ..................................................... 253

Table of Contents

14

7.7.14.4 SDI-12 Power Considerations........................................ 255

7.7.15 Compiling: Conditional Code................................................... 256

7.7.16 Measurement: RTD, PRT, PT100, PT1000 .............................. 258

7.7.16.1 Measurement Theory (PRT) .......................................... 259

7.7.16.2 General Procedure (PRT) ............................................... 260

7.7.16.3 Example: 100 Ω PRT in Four-Wire Half Bridge with

Voltage Excitation (PT100 / BrHalf4W() ) ................ 262

7.7.16.4 Example: 100 Ω PRT in Three-Wire Half Bridge with

Voltage Excitation (PT100 / BrHalf3W() ) ................ 266

7.7.16.5 Example: 100 Ω PRT in Four-Wire Full Bridge with

Voltage Excitation (PT100 / BrFull() ) ...................... 270

7.7.16.6 PRT Callendar-Van Dusen Coefficients ........................ 275

7.7.16.7 Self-Heating and Resolution .......................................... 279

7.7.17 Serial I/O: Capturing Serial Data ............................................. 279

7.7.17.1 Introduction.................................................................... 279

7.7.17.2 I/O Ports ......................................................................... 280

7.7.17.3 Protocols ........................................................................ 281

7.7.17.4 Glossary of Serial I/O Terms ......................................... 281

7.7.17.5 Serial I/O CRBasic Programming .................................. 284

7.7.17.5.1 Serial I/O Programming Basics ........................... 284

7.7.17.5.2 Serial I/O Input Programming Basics ................. 286

7.7.17.5.3 Serial I/O Output Programming Basics ............... 288

7.7.17.5.4 Serial I/O Translating Bytes ................................ 289

7.7.17.5.5 Serial I/O Memory Considerations ..................... 289

7.7.17.5.6 Serial I/O Example I ........................................... 290

7.7.17.6 Serial I/O Application Testing ....................................... 292

7.7.17.6.1 Configure HyperTerminal ................................... 292

7.7.17.6.2 Create Send-Text File ......................................... 294

7.7.17.6.3 Create Text-Capture File ..................................... 294

7.7.17.6.4 Serial I/O Example II .......................................... 295

7.7.17.7 Serial I/O Q & A ............................................................ 300

7.7.18 String Operations ...................................................................... 303

7.7.18.1 String Operators ............................................................. 303

7.7.18.2 String Concatenation...................................................... 304

7.7.18.3 String NULL Character ................................................. 306

7.7.18.4 Inserting String Characters ............................................ 307

7.7.19 Subroutines ............................................................................... 307

8. Operation ................................................................. 311

8.1 Measurements — Details................................................................. 311

8.1.1 Time Keeping — Details .......................................................... 311

8.1.1.1 Time Stamps .................................................................. 311

8.1.2 Analog Measurements — Details ............................................. 313

8.1.2.1 Voltage Measurement Quality ....................................... 314

8.1.2.2 Thermocouple Measurements — Details ....................... 331

8.1.2.3 Resistance Measurements — Details ............................. 332

8.1.2.3.1 Ac Excitation ...................................................... 335

8.1.2.3.2 Accuracy — Resistance Measurements .............. 335

8.1.2.4 Auto Self-Calibration — Details ................................... 337

8.1.2.4.1 Auto Self-Calibration Process ............................. 337

8.1.2.5 Strain Measurements — Details .................................... 343

8.1.2.6 Current Measurements — Details .................................. 344

8.1.2.7 Voltage Measurements — Details ................................. 345

8.1.2.7.1 Voltage Measurement Limitations ...................... 345

Table of Contents

15

8.1.2.7.2 Voltage Measurement Mechanics ....................... 348

8.1.2.7.3 Voltage Measurement Quality ............................ 351

8.1.3 Pulse Measurements — Details ................................................ 369

8.1.3.1 Pulse Measurement Terminals ....................................... 372

8.1.3.2 Low-Level Ac Measurements — Details ...................... 372

8.1.3.3 High-Frequency Measurements ..................................... 373

8.1.3.3.1 Frequency Resolution ......................................... 374

8.1.3.3.2 Frequency Measurement Q & A ......................... 375

8.1.3.4 Switch Closure and Open-Collector Measurements ...... 375

8.1.3.5 Edge Timing .................................................................. 376

8.1.3.6 Edge Counting ............................................................... 377

8.1.3.7 Timer Input on I/O NAN Conditions ............................. 377

8.1.3.8 Pulse Measurement Tips ................................................ 377

8.1.3.8.1 Pay Attention to Specifications ........................... 379

8.1.3.8.2 Input Filters and Signal Attenuation ................... 380

8.1.4 Vibrating Wire Measurements — Details ................................ 382

8.1.4.1 Time-Domain Measurement .......................................... 382

8.1.5 Period Averaging — Details .................................................... 383

8.1.6 Reading Smart Sensors — Details ........................................... 384

8.1.6.1 RS-232 and TTL — Details ........................................... 384

8.1.6.2 SDI-12 Sensor Support — Details ................................. 385

8.1.7 Field Calibration — Overview ................................................. 385

8.1.8 Cabling Effects — Details ........................................................ 386

8.1.8.1 Analog Sensor Cabling .................................................. 386

8.1.8.2 Pulse Sensor Cabling ..................................................... 386

8.1.8.3 RS-232 Sensor Cabling .................................................. 386

8.1.8.4 SDI-12 Sensor Cabling .................................................. 386

8.1.9 Synchronizing Measurements — Details ................................. 387

8.1.9.1 Synchronizing Measurement in the CR800 —

Details ........................................................................ 387

8.1.9.2 Synchronizing Measurements in a Datalogger

Network — Details .................................................... 387

8.2 Switched-Voltage Output — Details ............................................... 388

8.2.1 Switched-Voltage Excitation .................................................... 389

8.2.2 Continuous-Regulated (5V Terminal) ...................................... 390

8.2.3 Continuous-Unregulated Voltage (12V Terminal) ................... 390

8.2.4 Switched-Unregulated Voltage (SW12 Terminal) ................... 391

8.3 PLC Control — Details ................................................................... 391

8.3.1 Terminals Configured for Control ............................................

392

8.4 Measurement and Control Peripherals — Details ........................... 393

8.4.1 Analog Input Modules .............................................................. 393

8.4.2 Analog Output Modules ........................................................... 394

8.4.3 PLC Control Modules — Overview ......................................... 394

8.4.3.1 Relays and Relay Drivers .............................................. 394

8.4.3.2 Component-Built Relays ............................................... 394

8.4.4 Pulse Input Modules ................................................................. 395

8.4.4.1 Low-Level Ac Input Modules — Overview .................. 395

8.4.5 Serial I/O Modules — Details .................................................. 396

8.4.6 Terminal-Input Modules .......................................................... 396

8.4.7 Vibrating Wire Modules ........................................................... 396

8.5 Datalogger Support Software — Details ......................................... 396

8.6 Program and OS File Compression Q and A ................................... 397

8.7 Security — Details .......................................................................... 400

8.7.1 Vulnerabilities .......................................................................... 401

8.7.2 Pass-Code Lockout ................................................................... 402

Table of Contents

16

8.7.2.1 Pass-Code Lockout By-Pass .......................................... 403

8.7.3 Passwords ................................................................................. 404

8.7.3.1 .csipasswd ...................................................................... 404

8.7.3.2 PakBus Instructions ....................................................... 404

8.7.3.3 TCP/IP Instructions........................................................ 404

8.7.3.4 Settings — Passwords .................................................... 405

8.7.4 File Encryption ......................................................................... 405

8.7.5 Communication Encryption...................................................... 405

8.7.6 Hiding Files .............................................................................. 405

8.7.7 Signatures ................................................................................. 406

8.7.8 Read Only Variables ................................................................ 406

8.8 Memory — Details .......................................................................... 406

8.8.1 Storage Media .......................................................................... 406

8.8.1.1 Memory Drives — On-Board ........................................ 409

8.8.1.1.1 Data Table SRAM............................................... 409

8.8.1.1.2 CPU: Drive ......................................................... 409

8.8.1.1.3 USR: Drive ......................................................... 410

8.8.1.1.4 USB: Drive ......................................................... 410

8.8.2 Data File Formats ..................................................................... 411

8.8.3 Resetting the CR800 ................................................................. 415

8.8.3.1 Full Memory Reset ........................................................ 415

8.8.3.2 Program Send Reset ....................................................... 416

8.8.3.3 Manual Data-Table Reset .............................................. 416

8.8.3.4 Formatting Drives .......................................................... 416

8.8.4 File Management in CR800 Memory ....................................... 416

8.8.4.1 File Attributes ................................................................ 418

8.8.4.2 Files Manager ................................................................ 419

8.8.4.3 Data Preservation ........................................................... 420

8.8.4.4 Powerup.ini File — Details ........................................... 421

8.8.4.4.1 Creating and Editing Powerup.ini ....................... 422

8.8.4.5 File Management Q & A ............................................... 424

8.8.5 File Names................................................................................ 424

8.8.6 File System Errors .................................................................... 425

8.9 Data Retrieval and Comms — Details ............................................. 426

8.9.1 Protocols ................................................................................... 426

8.9.2 Conserving Bandwidth ............................................................. 427

8.9.3 Initiating Comms (Callback) .................................................... 427

8.10 Alternate Comms Protocols ............................................................. 428

8.10.1 TCP/IP — Details ..................................................................... 428

8.10.1.1 FYIs — OS2; OS28 ................................

....................... 429

8.10.1.2 DHCP ............................................................................. 429

8.10.1.3 DNS ............................................................................... 430

8.10.1.4 FTP Server ..................................................................... 430

8.10.1.5 FTP Client ...................................................................... 430

8.10.1.6 HTTP Web Server ......................................................... 430

8.10.1.6.1 Default HTTP Web Server .................................. 430

8.10.1.6.2 Custom HTTP Web Server ................................. 431

8.10.1.7 Micro-Serial Server........................................................ 434

8.10.1.8 Modbus TCP/IP ............................................................. 434

8.10.1.9 PakBus Over TCP/IP and Callback ............................... 434

8.10.1.10 Ping (IP) ......................................................................... 435

8.10.1.11 SNMP ............................................................................ 435

8.10.1.12 Telnet ............................................................................. 435

8.10.1.13 SMTP ............................................................................. 435

8.10.1.14 Web API ........................................................................ 435

Table of Contents

17

8.10.1.15 Web API — Details ....................................................... 435

8.10.2 DNP3 — Details....................................................................... 436

8.10.3 Modbus — Details ................................................................... 436

8.10.3.1 Modbus Terminology .................................................... 437

8.10.3.1.1 Glossary of Modbus Terms ................................. 437

8.10.3.2 Programming for Modbus .............................................. 438

8.10.3.2.1 Declarations (Modbus Programming) ................. 438

8.10.3.2.2 CRBasic Instructions (Modbus) .......................... 439

8.10.3.2.3 Addressing (ModbusAddr) ................................. 439

8.10.3.2.4 Supported Modbus Function Codes .................... 440

8.10.3.2.5 Reading Inverse Format Modbus Registers ........ 440

8.10.3.2.6 Timing................................................................. 441

8.10.3.3 Troubleshooting (Modbus) ............................................ 441

8.10.3.4 Modbus over IP ............................................................. 441

8.10.3.5 Modbus Security ............................................................ 441

8.10.3.6 Modbus Over RS-232 7/E/1 .......................................... 442

8.10.3.7 Converting Modbus 16-Bit to 32-Bit Longs .................. 442

8.11 Keyboard/Display — Details .......................................................... 443

8.11.1 Character Set ............................................................................ 444

8.11.2 Data Display ............................................................................. 446

8.11.2.1 Real-Time Tables and Graphs ....................................... 447

8.11.2.2 Real-Time Custom ......................................................... 447

8.11.2.3 Final-Storage Data ......................................................... 449

8.11.3 Run/Stop Program .................................................................... 450

8.11.4 File Management ...................................................................... 451

8.11.4.1 File Edit ......................................................................... 451

8.11.5 Port Status and Status Table ..................................................... 453

8.11.6 Settings ..................................................................................... 454

8.11.6.1 CR1000KD: Set Time / Date ......................................... 454

8.11.6.2 CR1000KD: PakBus Settings ........................................ 454

8.11.7 Configure Display .................................................................... 455

8.12 CPI Port and CDM Devices — Details ........................................... 455

9. Maintenance — Details ........................................... 457

9.1 Protection from Moisture — Details ............................................... 457

9.2 Internal Battery — Details ............................................................... 457

9.3 Factory Calibration or Repair Procedure ......................................... 461

10. Troubleshooting ..................................................... 463

10.1 Troubleshooting — Essential Tools ................................................ 463

10.2 Troubleshooting — Basic Procedure ............................................... 463

Troubleshooting — Error Sources ................................................... 464

10.3

10.4 Troubleshooting — Status Table ..................................................... 465

10.5 Troubleshooting — CRBasic Programs .......................................... 465

10.5.1 Program Does Not Compile ..................................................... 465

10.5.2 Program Compiles / Does Not Run Correctly .......................... 466

10.5.3 NAN and ±INF ......................................................................... 466

10.5.3.1 Measurements and NAN ................................................ 466

10.5.3.1.1 Voltage Measurements ....................................... 467

10.5.3.1.2 SDI-12 Measurements ........................................ 467

10.5.3.2 Floating-Point Math, NAN, and ±INF ........................... 467

10.5.3.3 Data Types, NAN, and ±INF ......................................... 467

10.5.3.4 Output Processing and NAN.......................................... 469

Table of Contents

18

10.5.4 Status Table as Debug Resource .............................................. 470

10.5.4.1 CompileResults .............................................................. 471

10.5.4.2 SkippedScan .................................................................. 472

10.5.4.3 SkippedSystemScan ....................................................... 473

10.5.4.4 SkippedRecord ............................................................... 473

10.5.4.5 ProgErrors ...................................................................... 473

10.5.4.6 MemoryFree .................................................................. 473

10.5.4.7 VarOutOfBounds ........................................................... 473

10.5.4.8 Watchdog Errors ............................................................ 474

10.5.4.8.1 Status Table WatchdogErrors ............................. 474

10.5.4.8.2 Watchdoginfo.txt File ......................................... 475

10.6 Troubleshooting — Operating Systems ........................................... 475

10.7 Troubleshooting — Auto Self-Calibration Errors ........................... 475

10.8 Troubleshooting — Communications .............................................. 476

10.8.1 RS-232 ...................................................................................... 476

10.8.2 Communicating with Multiple PCs .......................................... 476

10.8.3 Comms Memory Errors ............................................................ 477

10.9 Troubleshooting — Power Supplies ................................................ 477

10.9.1 Troubleshooting Power Supplies — Overview ........................ 477

10.9.2 Troubleshooting Power Supplies — Examples ........................ 478

10.9.3 Troubleshooting Power Supplies — Procedures ...................... 478

10.9.3.1 Battery Test .................................................................... 478

10.9.3.2 Charging Regulator with Solar Panel Test ..................... 479

10.9.3.3 Charging Regulator with Transformer Test ................... 481

10.9.3.4 Adjusting Charging Voltage .......................................... 482

10.10 Troubleshooting — Using Terminal Mode ..................................... 483

10.10.1 Serial Talk Through and Comms Watch .................................. 486

10.11 Troubleshooting — Using Logs ...................................................... 486

10.12 Troubleshooting — Data Recovery ................................................. 486

10.13 Troubleshooting — Miscellaneous Errors ....................................... 487

10.13.1 Voltage Calibration Error! ........................................................ 487

10.14 Troubleshooting — Rebooting ........................................................ 488

11. Glossary.................................................................. 489

11.1 Terms ............................................................................................... 489

11.2 Concepts .......................................................................................... 522

11.2.1 Accuracy, Precision, and Resolution ........................................ 522

12. Attributions ............................................................. 525

Appendices

A. Info Tables and Settings ......................................... 527

A.1 Info Tables and Settings Directories ................................................ 529

A.1.1.1 Info Tables and Settings: Frequently Used

A.1.1.2 Info Tables and Settings: Keywords .............................. 530

A.1.1.3 Info Tables and Settings: Accessed by Keyboard/

Display ....................................................................... 532

A.1.1.4 Info Tables and Settings: Communications ................... 534

A.1.1.5 Info Tables and Settings: Programming......................... 535

A.1.1.6 Info Tables and Settings: Other ..................................... 535

A.2 Info Tables and Settings Descriptions ............................................. 536

.................... 529

Table of Contents

19

B. Serial Port Pinouts .................................................. 553

B.1 CS I/O Communication Port ........................................................... 553

B.2 RS-232 Communication Port .......................................................... 554

B.2.1 Pin Outs .................................................................................... 554

B.2.2 Power States ............................................................................. 555

C. FP2 Data Format ...................................................... 557

D. Endianness .............................................................. 559

E. Supporting Products — List ................................... 561

E.1 Dataloggers — List ......................................................................... 561

E.2 Measurement and Control Peripherals — List ................................ 562

E.3 Sensor-Input Modules — List ......................................................... 562

E.3.1 Analog Input Modules — List .................................................. 562

E.3.2 Pulse Input Modules — List ..................................................... 562

E.3.3 Serial I/O Modules — List ....................................................... 563

E.3.4 Vibrating Wire Input Modules — List ..................................... 563

E.3.5 Passive Signal Conditioners — List ......................................... 563

E.3.5.1 Resistive-Bridge TIM Modules — List ......................... 564

E.3.5.2 Voltage Divider Modules — List .................................. 564

E.3.5.3 Current-Shunt Modules — List ..................................... 564

E.3.5.4 Transient Voltage Suppressors — List .......................... 564

E.3.6 Terminal Strip Covers — List .................................................. 565

E.4 PLC Control Modules — Lists ........................................................ 565

E.4.1 Digital-I/O Modules — List ..................................................... 565

E.4.2 Continuous-Analog Output (CAO) Modules — List ............... 565

E.4.3 Relay-Drivers — List ............................................................... 566

E.4.4 Current-Excitation Modules — List ......................................... 566

E.5 Sensors — Lists ............................................................................... 567

E.5.1 Wired-Sensor Types — List ..................................................... 567

E.5.2 Wireless-Network Sensors — List ........................................... 568

E.6 Cameras — List ............................................................................... 568

E.7 Data Retrieval and Comms Peripherals — List ............................... 568

E.7.1 Keyboard/Display — List ........................................................ 569

E.7.2 Hardwire, Single-Connection Comms Devices — List ............ 569

E.7.3

E.7.4 TCP/IP Links — List ................................................................ 570

E.7.5 Telephone Modems — List ...................................................... 570

E.7.6 Private-Network Radios — List ............................................... 570

E.7.7 Satellite Transceivers — List ................................................... 571

E.8 Data Storage Devices — List .......................................................... 571

E.9 Datalogger Support Software — List .............................................. 571

E.9.1 Starter Software — List ............................................................ 572

E.9.2 Datalogger Support Software — List ....................................... 572

E.9.3 Software Tools — List ............................................................. 574

E.9.4 Software Development Kits — List ......................................... 575

E.10 Power Supplies — List .................................................................... 576

E.10.1 Battery / Regulator Combinations — List ................................ 576

E.10.2 Batteries — List ....................................................................... 577

E.10.3 Regulators — List .................................................................... 577

Hardwire, Networking Devices — List .................................... 570

E.9.2.1 LoggerNet Suite — List ................................................. 573

Table of Contents

20

E.10.4 Primary Power Sources — List ................................................ 577

E.10.5 24 Vdc Power Supply Kits — List ........................................... 578

E.11 Enclosures — List ........................................................................... 578

E.12 Tripods, Towers, and Mounts — List .............................................. 579

E.13 Protection from Moisture — List .................................................... 580

Index ............................................................................. 581

List of Figures

FIGURE 1: Wiring Panel .............................................................................. 37

FIGURE 2: Connect Power and Comms ....................................................... 41

FIGURE 3: PC200W Main Window ............................................................. 42

FIGURE 4: Short Cut Temperature Sensor Folder ....................................... 44

FIGURE 5: Short Cut Outputs Tab ............................................................... 45

FIGURE 6: Short Cut Compile Confirmation Window and Results Tab ...... 46

FIGURE 7: PC200W Main Window ............................................................. 47

FIGURE 8: PC200W Monitor Data Tab – Public Table ............................... 48

FIGURE 9: PC200W Monitor Data Tab — Public and OneMin Tables ...... 49

FIGURE 10: PC200W Collect Data Tab....................................................... 49

FIGURE 11: PC200W View Data Utility ..................................................... 50

FIGURE 12: PC200W View Data Table....................................................... 51

FIGURE 13: PC200W View Line Graph ...................................................... 52

FIGURE 14: Data-Acquisition System Components .................................... 53

FIGURE 15: Data Acquisition System — Overview .................................... 56

FIGURE 16: Wiring Panel ............................................................................ 58

FIGURE 17: Control and Monitoring with C Terminals............................... 60

FIGURE 18: Analog Sensor Wired to Single-Ended Channel #1 ................. 66

FIGURE 19: Analog Sensor Wired to Differential Channel #1 .................... 67

FIGURE 20: Half-Bridge Wiring Example — Wind Vane Potentiometer ... 69

FIGURE 21: Full-Bridge Wiring Example — Pressure Transducer ............. 70

FIGURE 22: Pulse Sensor Output Signal Types ........................................... 71

FIGURE 23: Pulse Input Wiring Example — Anemometer ......................... 72

FIGURE 24: Terminals Configurable for RS-232 Input ............................... 75

FIGURE 25: Use of RS-232 and Digital I/O when Reading RS-232

Devices ................................................................................................... 75

FIGURE 26: CR1000KD Keyboard/Display ................................................ 81

FIGURE 27: Custom Menu Example............................................................ 82

FIGURE 28: Enclosure ................................................................................. 93

FIGURE 29: Connecting to Vehicle Power Supply ...................................... 96

FIGURE 30: Schematic of Grounds .............................................................. 98

FIGURE 31: Lightning Protection Scheme ................................................... 99

FIGURE 32: Model of a Ground Loop with a Resistive Sensor ................. 102

FIGURE 33: Device Configuration Utility (DevConfig) ............................ 104

FIGURE 34: Network Planner Setup .......................................................... 105

FIGURE 35: "Include" File Settings With DevConfig................................ 110

FIGURE 36: "Include" File Settings With PakBusGraph ........................... 111

FIGURE 37: Summary of CR800 Configuration ........................................ 119

FIGURE 38: Sequential-Mode Scan Priority Flow Diagrams .................... 157

FIGURE 39: CRBasic Editor Program Send File Control window............. 171

FIGURE 40: Running-Average Frequency Response ................................. 190

FIGURE 41: Running-Average Signal Attenuation .................................... 190

FIGURE 42: Data from TrigVar Program................................................... 193

FIGURE 43: Alarms Toggled in Bit Shift Example.................................... 195

Table of Contents

21

FIGURE 44: Bool8 Data from Bit Shift Example (Numeric Monitor) ....... 195

FIGURE 45: Bool8 Data from Bit Shift Example (PC Data File) .............. 196

FIGURE 46: Input Sample Vectors ............................................................ 204

FIGURE 47: Mean Wind-Vector Graph ..................................................... 205

FIGURE 48: Standard Deviation of Direction ............................................ 206

FIGURE 49: Standard Deviation of Direction ............................................ 206

FIGURE 50: Custom Menu Example — Home Screen .............................. 209

FIGURE 51: Custom Menu Example — View Data Window .................... 209

FIGURE 52: Custom Menu Example — Make Notes Sub Menu ............... 209

FIGURE 53: Custom Menu Example — Predefined Notes Pick List ......... 210

FIGURE 54: Custom Menu Example — Free Entry Notes Window .......... 210

FIGURE 55: Custom Menu Example — Accept / Clear Notes Window .... 210

FIGURE 56: Custom Menu Example — Control Sub Menu ...................... 211

FIGURE 57: Custom Menu Example — Control LED Pick List ............... 211

FIGURE 58: Custom Menu Example — Control LED Boolean Pick

List ....................................................................................................... 211

FIGURE 59: Quarter-Bridge Strain Gage with RC Resistor Shunt ............ 230

FIGURE 60: Strain Gage Shunt Calibration Start ....................................... 231

FIGURE 61: Strain Gage Shunt Calibration Finish .................................... 232

FIGURE 62: Zero Procedure Start .............................................................. 232

FIGURE 63: Zero Procedure Finish ............................................................ 232

FIGURE 64: Entering SDI-12 Transparent Mode ....................................... 241

FIGURE 65: PT100 BrHalf4W() Four-Wire Half-Bridge Schematic ......... 262

FIGURE 66: PT100 BrHalf3W() Three-Wire Half-Bridge Schematic ....... 266

FIGURE 67: PT100 BrFull() Four-Wire Full-Bridge Schematic ................ 270

FIGURE 68: HyperTerminal New Connection Description ....................... 292

FIGURE 69: HyperTerminal Connect-To Settings ..................................... 293

FIGURE 70: HyperTerminal COM Port Settings Tab: Click File |

Properties | Settings | ASCII Setup... and set as shown. ....................... 293

FIGURE 71: HyperTerminal ASCII Setup ................................................. 294

FIGURE 72: HyperTerminal Send-Text File Example ............................... 294

FIGURE 73: HyperTerminal Text-Capture File Example .......................... 295

FIGURE 74: Ac Power Noise Rejection Techniques .................................. 317

FIGURE 75: Input voltage rise and transient decay .................................... 319

FIGURE 76: Settling Time for Pressure Transducer .................................. 321

FIGURE 77: Example voltage measurement accuracy band, including

the effects of percent of reading and offset, for a differential

measurement with input reversal at a temperature between 0 to

40 °C. ................................................................................................... 329

FIGURE 78: PGIA with Input Signal Decomposition ................................ 348

FIGURE 79: Simplified voltage measurement sequence. ........................... 348

FIGURE 80: Programmable Gain Input Amplifier (PGIA): H to V+, L

to V–, VH to V+, VL to V– correspond to text. ................................... 349

FIGURE 81: Ac Power Noise Rejection Techniques .................................. 354

FIGURE 82: Input voltage rise and transient decay .................................... 357

FIGURE 83: Settling Time for Pressure Transducer .................................. 359

FIGURE 84: Example voltage measurement accuracy band, including

the effects of percent of reading and offset, for a differential

measurement with input reversal at a temperature between 0 to

40 °C. ................................................................................................... 368

FIGURE 85: Pulse Sensor Output Signal Types ......................................... 370

FIGURE 86: Switch Closure Pulse Sensor ................................................. 370

FIGURE 87: Terminals Configurable for Pulse Input ................................ 371

FIGURE 88: Amplitude reduction of pulse count waveform (before and

after 1 µs µs time-constant filter) ......................................................... 381

Table of Contents

22

FIGURE 89: Vibrating Wire Sensor ........................................................... 382

FIGURE 90: Input Conditioning Circuit for Period Averaging .................. 384

FIGURE 91: Circuit to Limit C Terminal Input to 5 Vdc ........................... 385

FIGURE 92: Current-Limiting Resistor in a Rain Gage Circuit ................. 386

FIGURE 93: Current sourcing from C terminals configured for control .... 393

FIGURE 94: Relay Driver Circuit with Relay ............................................ 395

FIGURE 95: Power Switching without Relay ............................................. 395

FIGURE 96: Preconfigured HTML Home Page ......................................... 431

FIGURE 97: Home Page Created Using WebPageBegin() Instruction ...... 432

FIGURE 98: Customized Numeric-Monitor Web Page .............................. 432

FIGURE 99: CR1000KD: Navigation ........................................................ 445

FIGURE 100: CR1000KD: Displaying Data .............................................. 446

FIGURE 101: CR1000KD Real-Time Tables and Graphs. ......................... 447

FIGURE 102: CR1000KD Real-Time Custom ........................................... 448

FIGURE 103: CR1000KD: Final Storage Data .......................................... 449

FIGURE 104: CR1000KD: Run/Stop Program .......................................... 450

FIGURE 105: CR1000KD: File Management ............................................ 451

FIGURE 106: CR1000KD: File Edit .......................................................... 452

FIGURE 107: CR1000KD: Port Status and Status Table ........................... 453

FIGURE 108: CR1000KD: Settings ........................................................... 454

FIGURE 109: CR1000KD: Configure Display ........................................... 455

FIGURE 110: Remove Retention Nuts ....................................................... 459

FIGURE 111: Pull Edge Away from Panel ................................................. 459

FIGURE 112: Remove Nuts to Disassemble Canister ................................ 460

FIGURE 113: Remove and Replace Battery ............................................... 460

FIGURE 114: Potentiometer R3 on PS100 and CH100 Charger /

Regulator .............................................................................................. 483

FIGURE 115: DevConfig Terminal Tab ..................................................... 485

FIGURE 116: Relationships of Accuracy, Precision, and Resolution ........ 523

List of Tables

PC200W EZSetup Wizard Prompts ............................................ 43

CR800 Wiring Panel Terminal Definitions ............................... 58

Differential and Single-Ended Input Terminals .......................... 67

Pulse Input Terminals and Measurements ................................... 72

Info Tables and Settings Interfaces ........................................... 107

Common Configuration Actions and Tools ............................... 113

Program Send Command Locations .......................................... 116

CRBasic Program Structure ...................................................... 119

Data Types in Variable Memory ............................................... 127

Data Types in Final-Storage Memory ..................................... 128

Formats for Entering Numbers in CRBasic ............................. 139

Typical Data Table .................................................................. 142

TOA5 Environment Line ......................................................... 142

DataInterval() Lapse Parameter Options ................................. 146

Program Tasks ......................................................................... 151

Program Timing Instructions ................................................... 153

Rules for Names ...................................................................... 159

Binary Conditions of TRUE and FALSE ................................ 164

Logical Expression Examples ................................................. 165

Data Process Abbreviations ..................................................... 168

Program Send Options That Reset Memory1........................... 171

WindVector() OutputOpt Options ........................................... 202

FieldCal() Codes...................................................................... 216

Table of Contents

23

Calibration Report for Relative Humidity Sensor ................... 218

Calibration Report for Salinity Sensor .................................... 221

Calibration Report for Flow Meter .......................................... 223

Calibration Report for Water Content Sensor ......................... 226

Maximum Measurement Speeds Using VoltSE() ................... 233

Voltage Measurement Instruction Parameters for Dwell

Burst ..................................................................................................... 237

SDI-12 Commands for Transparent Mode .............................. 242

SDI-12 Commands for Programmed (SDIRecorder())

Mode .................................................................................................... 246

SDI-12 Sensor Configuration CRBasic Example —

Results .................................................................................................. 255

Example Power Usage Profile for a Network of SDI-12

Probes................................................................................................... 256

PRT Measurement Circuit Overview ...................................... 260

PT100 Temperature and ideal resistances (RS); α =

1

0.00385

............................................................................................... 261

Callandar-Van Dusen Coefficients for PT100, α = 0.00385 ... 261

Input Ranges (mV) .................................................................. 261

Input Limits (mV) ................................................................... 261

Excitation Ranges .................................................................... 262

BrHalf4W() Four-Wire Half-Bridge Equations ...................... 262

Bridge Resistor Values (mΩ) .................................................. 262

BrHalf3W() Three-Wire Half-Bridge Equations ..................... 266

Bridge Resistor Values (mΩ) .................................................. 266

PRTCalc() PRTType = 1, α = 0.003851 .................................. 276

PRTCalc() PRTType = 2, α = 0.003921 ................................ 277

PRTCalc() PRTType = 3, α = 0.003911 .................................. 277

PRTCalc() PRTType = 4, α = 0.0039161 ................................ 277

PRTCalc() PRTType = 5, α = 0.003751 .................................. 278

PRTCalc() PRTType = 6, α = 0.0039261 ................................ 278

ASCII / ANSI Equivalents ...................................................... 279

CR800 Serial Ports .................................................................. 281

String Operators ...................................................................... 303

String Concatenation Examples .............................................. 304

String NULL Character Examples .......................................... 306

Analog Measurement Integration ............................................ 316

Ac Noise Rejection on Small Signals1 .................................... 317

Ac Noise Rejection on Large Signals1 .................................... 318

CRBasic Measurement Settling Times .................................... 319

First Six Values of Settling Time Data .................................... 322

Range-Code Option C Over-Voltages ..................................... 323

Offset Voltage Compensation Options .................................... 326

Analog Voltage Measurement Accuracy1 ............................... 328

Analog Voltage Measurement Offsets .................................... 328

Analog Voltage Measurement Resolution ............................... 329

Resistive-Bridge Circuits with Voltage Excitation ................. 333

Ratiometric-Resistance Measurement Accuracy ..................... 336

CalGain() Field Descriptions ................................................... 339

CalSeOffset() Field Descriptions ............................................ 340

CalDiffOffset() Field Descriptions .......................................... 340

Calibrate() Instruction Results ................................................. 341

StrainCalc() Instruction Equations .......................................... 343

Analog Voltage Input Ranges and Options ............................. 346

Table of Contents

24

Parameters that Control Measurement Sequence and

Timing .................................................................................................. 350

Analog Measurement Integration ............................................ 354

Ac Noise Rejection on Small Signals1 .................................... 355

Ac Noise Rejection on Large Signals1 .................................... 355

CRBasic Measurement Settling Times .................................... 357

First Six Values of Settling Time Data .................................... 359

Range-Code Option C Over-Voltages ..................................... 361

Offset Voltage Compensation Options .................................... 364

Analog Voltage Measurement Accuracy1 ............................... 366

Analog Voltage Measurement Offsets .................................... 366

Analog Voltage Measurement Resolution ............................... 367

Pulse Measurements: Terminals and Programming ................ 371

Example: E for a 10 Hz input signal ........................................ 374

Frequency Resolution Comparison ......................................... 375

Switch Closures and Open Collectors on P Terminals ............ 378

Switch Closures and Open Collectors ..................................... 378

Three Specifications Differing Between P and C Terminals ... 380

Time Constants (τ) .................................................................. 381

Low-Level Ac Pules Input Ranges .......................................... 381

Current Source and Sink Limits .............................................. 389

Typical Gzip File Compression Results .................................. 400

CR800 Memory Allocation ..................................................... 407

CR800 SRAM Memory ........................................................... 408

CR800 Memory Drives ........................................................... 409

TableFile() Instruction Data File Formats ............................... 411

File Control Functions ............................................................. 417

CR800 File Attributes ............................................................. 418

Powerup.ini Script Commands and Applications .................. 423

File System Error Codes ........................................................ 425

Modbus to Campbell Scientific Equivalents ......................... 437

Modbus Registers: CRBasic Port, Flag, and Variable

Equivalents ........................................................................................... 438

Supported Modbus Function Codes ...................................... 440

Special Keyboard/Display Key Functions ............................. 444

Internal Lithium Battery Specifications ................................ 458

Math Expressions and CRBasic Results ................................ 468

Variable and Final-Storage Data Types with NAN and

±INF ..................................................................................................... 468

Warning Message Examples ................................................. 471

CR800 Terminal Commands ................................................. 484

Log Locations ........................................................................ 486

Program Send Command ....................................................... 510

Info Tables and Settings Interfaces ....................................... 527

Info Tables and Settings: Directories .................................... 529

Info Tables and Settings: Frequently Used ............................ 529

Info Tables and Settings: Keywords ...................................... 530

Info Tables and Settings: KD Settings | Datalogger .............. 532

Info Tables and Settings: KD Settings | Comports ................ 532

Info Tables and Settings: KD Settings | Ethernet .................. 532

Info Tables and Settings: KD Settings | PPP ......................... 532

Info Tables and Settings: KD Settings | CS I/O IP ................ 532

Info Tables and Settings: KD Settings (TCP/IP) on

CR1000KD Keyboard/Display ............................................................ 532

Info Tables and Settings: KD Settings | Advanced ................ 532

Table of Contents

25

Info Tables and Settings: KD Status Table Fields ................. 533

Info Tables and Settings: Settings Only in Settings Editor ... 533

Info Tables and Settings: Communications, General ............ 534

Info Tables and Settings: Communications, PakBus ............. 534

Info Tables and Settings: Communications, TCP_IP I .......... 534

Info Tables and Settings: Communications, TCP_IP II ........ 534

Info Tables and Settings: Communications, TCP_IP III ....... 534

Info Tables and Settings: CRBasic Program I ....................... 535

Info Tables and Settings: CRBasic Program II ..................... 535

Info Tables and Settings: Auto Self-Calibration ................... 535

Info Tables and Settings: Data .............................................. 535

Info Tables and Settings: Data Table Information Table

(DTI) Keywords ................................................................................... 535

Info Tables and Settings: Memory ........................................ 535

Info Tables and Settings: Miscellaneous ............................... 535

Info Tables and Settings: Obsolete ........................................ 536

Info Tables and Settings: OS and Hardware Versioning ....... 536

Info Tables and Settings: Power Monitors ............................ 536

Info Tables and Settings: Security ......................................... 536

Info Tables and Settings: Signatures ..................................... 536

Info Tables and Settings: B ................................................... 537

Info Tables and Settings: C ................................................... 537

Info Tables and Settings: D ................................................... 540

Info Tables and Settings: E ................................................... 540

Info Tables and Settings: F .................................................... 541

Info Tables and Settings: H ................................................... 541

Info Tables and Settings: I ..................................................... 542

Info Tables and Settings: L ................................................... 543

Info Tables and Settings: M .................................................. 544

Info Tables and Settings: N ................................................... 545

Info Tables and Settings: O ................................................... 545

Info Tables and Settings: P .................................................... 546

Info Tables and Settings: R ................................................... 548

Info Tables and Settings: S .................................................... 549

Info Tables and Settings: T ................................................... 551

Info Tables and Settings: U ................................................... 551

Info Tables and Settings: V ................................................... 552

Info Tables and Settings: W .................................................. 552

Pinout of CR800 CS I/O D-Type Connector Port ................. 553

Pin Out of CR800 RS-232 D-Type Connector Port .............. 554

Standard Null-Modem Cable Pin Out ................................... 555

FP2 Data-Format Bit Descriptions ........................................ 557

FP2 Decimal Locater Bits ..................................................... 557

Endianness in Campbell Scientific Instruments .................... 559

Dataloggers ........................................................................... 561

Analog Input Modules ........................................................... 562

Pulse Input Modules .............................................................. 563

Serial I/O Modules List ......................................................... 563

Vibrating Wire Input Modules .............................................. 563

Resistive Bridge TIM1 Modules ............................................ 564

Voltage Divider Modules ...................................................... 564

Current-Shunt Modules ......................................................... 564

Transient Voltage Suppressors .............................................. 564

Terminal-Strip Covers ........................................................... 565

Digital I/O Modules .............................................................. 565

Table of Contents

26

Continuous-Analog Output (CAO) Modules......................... 566

Relay-Drivers — Products .................................................... 566

Current-Excitation Modules .................................................. 566

Wired Sensor Types .............................................................. 567

Wireless Sensor Modules ...................................................... 568

Sensors Types Available for Connection to CWS900 ........... 568

Cameras ................................................................................. 568

Datalogger Keyboard/Displays1 ............................................ 569

Hardwire, Single-Connection Comms Devices ..................... 569

Hardwire, Networking Devices ............................................. 570

TCP/IP Links — List ............................................................. 570

Telephone Modems ............................................................... 570

Private-Network Radios ........................................................ 570

Satellite Transceivers ............................................................ 571

Mass-Storage Devices ........................................................... 571

Starter Software ..................................................................... 572

Datalogger Support Software ................................................ 572

LoggerNet Suite — List

1,2

..................................................... 573

Software Tools ...................................................................... 574

Software Development Kits .................................................. 575

Battery / Regulator Combinations ......................................... 576

Batteries ................................................................................. 577

Regulators .............................................................................. 577

Primary Power Sources ......................................................... 577

24 Vdc Power Supply Kits .................................................... 578

Enclosures — Products ......................................................... 578

Prewired Enclosures .............................................................. 579

Tripods, Towers, and Mounts ................................................ 579

Protection from Moisture — Products................................... 580

List of CRBasic Examples

Simple Default.cr8 File to Control SW12

Terminal ............................................................................................... 109

Using an "Include" File ........................................ 111

'Include' File to Control SW12 Terminal.............. 112

Inserting Comments ............................................. 124

Data Type Declarations ........................................ 130

Using Variable Array Dimension Indices ............ 132

Flag Declaration and Use ..................................... 133

Using a Variable Array in Calculations ................ 135

Initializing Variables ............................................ 137

Using the Const Declaration ............................... 138

Load binary information into a variable ............. 140

Declaration and Use of a Data Table .................. 143

Use of the Disable Variable ................................ 148

BeginProg / Scan() / NextScan / EndProg

Syntax .................................................................................................. 154

Measurement Instruction Syntax ........................ 158

Use of Move() to Conserve Code Space ............ 161

Use of Variable Arrays to Conserve Code

Space .................................................................................................... 161

Conversion of FLOAT / LONG to Boolean ....... 162

Evaluation of Integers ........................................ 163

Constants to LONGs or FLOATs ....................... 163

Table of Contents

27

String and Variable Concatenation ..................... 166

BeginProg / Scan / NextScan / EndProg

Syntax .................................................................................................. 172

Conditional Output ............................................. 173

Groundwater Pump Test ..................................... 174

Miscellaneous Program Features........................ 176

Scaling Array ..................................................... 179

Program Signatures ............................................ 181

Use of Multiple Scans ........................................ 182

Loading Large Data Sets .................................... 183

Array Assigned Expression: Sum Columns

and Rows .............................................................................................. 185

Array Assigned Expression: Transpose an

Array .................................................................................................... 185

Array Assigned Expression: Comparison /

Boolean Evaluation .............................................................................. 186

Array Assigned Expression: Fill Array

Dimension ............................................................................................ 187

Two Data-Output Intervals in One Data Table .. 191

Using TrigVar to Trigger Data Storage .............. 193

Bool8 and a Bit Shift Operator ........................... 196

NSEC — One Element Time Array ................... 199

NSEC — Two Element Time Array .................. 199

NSEC — Seven and Nine Element Time

Arrays................................................................................................... 200

NSEC —Convert Timestamp to Universal

Time ..................................................................................................... 201

Custom Menus ................................................... 212

FieldCal() Zero ................................................... 219

FieldCal() Offset ................................................ 222

FieldCal() Two-Point Slope and Offset .............. 224

FieldCal() Multiplier .......................................... 227

FieldCalStrain() Calibration ............................... 230

Fast Analog Voltage Measurement: Fast

Scan() ................................................................................................... 234

Analog Voltage Measurement: Cluster Burst ..... 235

Dwell Burst Measurement .................................. 236

Measurement with Excitation and Delay ........... 239

Using SDI12Sensor() to Test Cv Command ...... 250

Using Alternate Concurrent Command (aC) ...... 251

Using an SDI-12 Extended Command ............... 253

SDI-12 Sensor Setup .......................................... 254

Conditional Code ............................................... 257

PT100 BrHalf4W() Four-Wire Half-Bridge

Calibration ........................................................................................... 264

PT100 BrHalf4W() Four-Wire Half-Bridge

Measurement ........................................................................................ 265

PT100 BrHalf3W() Three-Wire Half-Bridge

Calibration ........................................................................................... 268

PT100 BrHalf3W() Three-Wire Half-Bridge

Measurement ........................................................................................ 269

PT100 BrFull() Four-Wire Full-Bridge

Calibration ........................................................................................... 271

PT100 BrFull() Four-Wire Full-Bridge

Calibration ........................................................................................... 273

Table of Contents

28

PT100 BrFull() Four-Wire Full-Bridge

Measurement ........................................................................................ 273

Receiving an RS-232 String ............................... 291

Measure Sensors / Send RS-232 Data ................ 296

Concatenation of Numbers and Strings .............. 305

Subroutine with Global and Local Variables ..... 308

Time Stamping with System Time ..................... 312

Measuring Settling Time .................................... 320

Four-Wire Full-Bridge Measurement and

Processing ............................................................................................ 335

Measuring Settling Time .................................... 358

Custom Web Page HTML .................................. 433

Concatenating Modbus Long Variables ............. 443

Using NAN to Filter Data .................................. 470

Reboot under program control with Restart

instruction ............................................................................................ 488

Reboot under program control with

FileManage() instruction: ..................................................................... 488

29

1. Introduction

1.1 HELLO

Whether in extreme cold in Antarctica, scorching heat in Death Valley, salt spray
from the Pacific, micro-gravity in space, or the harsh environment of your office,
Campbell Scientific dataloggers support research and operations all over the
world. Our customers work a spectrum of applications, from those more complex
than any of us imagined, to those simpler than any of us thought practical. The
limits of the CR800 are defined by our customers. Our intent with this operator's
manual is to guide you to the tools you need to explore the limits of your
application.

You can take advantage of the advanced CR800 analog and digital measurement
features by spending a few minutes working through the Quickstart
Overview

(p. 55). For more demanding applications, the remainder of the manual

(p. 35) and the

and other Campbell Scientific publications are available. If you are programming
with CRBasic, you will need the extensive help available with the CRBasic Editor
software. Formal CR800 training is also available from Campbell Scientific.

This manual is organized to take you progressively deeper into the complexity of
CR800 functions. You may not find it necessary to progress beyond the
Quickstart or Overview. Quickstart is a cursory view of CR800 data-acquisition
and walks you through a procedure to set up a simple system. Overview

reviews

salient topics that are covered in-depth in subsequent sections and appendices.

Review the exhaustive table of contents to learn how the manual is organized,
and, when looking for a topic, use the index and PDF reader search.

More in-depth study requires other Campbell Scientific publications, most of
which are available on-line at www.campbellsci.com. Generally, if a particular
feature of the CR800 requires a peripheral hardware device, more information is
available in the manual written for that device.

Don't forget the Glossary

(p. 489) when you run across a term that is unfamiliar.

Many specialized terms are hyperlinked in this manual to a glossary entry.

If you are unable to find the information you need, need assistance with ordering,
or just wish to speak with one of our many product experts about your application,
please call us:

Technical Support [phone]

Sales and Application
Engineering

[phone]

Orders [phone]

Accounts Receivable [phone]

Repairs [phone]

General Inquiries [phone]

Section 1. Introduction

30

1.2 Typography

In earlier days, Campbell Scientific dataloggers greeted our customers with a
cheery HELLO at the flip of the ON switch. While the user interface of the
CR800 datalogger has advanced beyond those simpler days, you can still hear the
cheery HELLO echoed in voices you hear at Campbell Scientific.

The following type faces are used throughout the CR800 Operator's Manual.
Type color other than black on white does not appear in printed versions of the
manual:

• Underscore — information specifically flagged as unverified. Usually

found only in a draft or a preliminary released version.

• Capitalization — beginning of sentences, phrases, titles, names,

Campbell Scientific product model numbers.

• Bold — CRBasic instructions within the body text, input commands,

output responses, GUI commands, text on product labels, names of data
tables.

• Italic — glossary entries and titles of publications, software, sections,

tables, figures, and examples.

• Bold italic — CRBasic instruction parameters and arguments within the

body text.

8 pt blue — cross reference page numbers. In the PDF version of the

•

manual, click on the page number to jump to the cross referenced page.

Lucida Sans Typewriter — blocks of CRBasic code. Type colors are

•

as follows:

○ instruction

○ 'comments

○ all other code

1.3 Capturing CRBasic Code

Many examples of CRBasic code are found throughout this manual. The manual
is designed to make using this code as easy as possible. Keep the following in
mind when copying code from this manual into CRBasic Editor:

If an example crosses pages, select and copy only the contents of one page at a
time. Doing so will help avoid unwanted characters that may originate from page
headings, page numbers, and hidden characters.

31

2. Precautions

• DANGER: Fire, explosion, and severe-burn hazard. Misuse or improper

installation of the internal lithium battery can cause severe injury. Do not
recharge, disassemble, heat above 100 °C (212 °F), solder directly to the
cell, incinerate, or expose contents to water. Dispose of spent lithium
batteries properly.

• WARNING:

o Protect from over-voltage

o Protect from water

o Protect from ESD

• IMPORTANT: Note the following about the internal battery:

o When primary power is continuously connected to the CR800, the

battery will last up to 10 years or more.

o When primary power is NOT connected to the CR800, the battery

will last about three years.

o

o See section Internal Battery — Details

• IMPORTANT: Maintain a level of calibration appropriate to the

application. Campbell Scientific recommends factory recalibration of the
CR800 every three years.

(p. 97)

(p. 457) for more information.

33

3. Initial Inspection

• Check the Ships With tab at http://www.campbellsci.com/CR800 for a

list of items shipped with the CR800. Among other things, the
following are provided for immediate use:

o Screwdriver to connect wires to terminals

o Type-T thermocouple for use in the Quickstart

o A datalogger program pre-loaded into the CR800 that measures

power-supply voltage and wiring-panel temperature.

o A serial communication cable to connect the CR800 to a PC

o A ResourceDVD that contains product manuals and the following

starter software:

— Short Cut
— PC200W
— DevConfig

• Upon receipt of the CR800, inspect the packaging and contents for

damage. File damage claims with the shipping company.

• Immediately check package contents. Thoroughly check all packaging

material for product that may be concealed. Check model numbers, part
numbers, and product descriptions against the shipping documents.
Model or part numbers are found on each product. On cabled items, the
number is often found at the end of the cable that connects to the
measurement device. The Campbell Scientific number may differ from
the part or model number printed on the sensor by the sensor vendor.
Ensure that the you received the expected cable lengths. Contact
Campbell Scientific immediately about discrepancies.

(p. 35) tutorial

• Check the operating system version in the CR800 as outlined in the

Operating System (OS) — Installation

(p. 113) and update as needed.

35

4. Quickstart

4.1 Sensors — Quickstart

The following tutorial introduces the CR800 by walking you through a
programming and data retrieval exercise.

Related Topics:

• Sensors — Quickstart (p. 35)

• Measurements — Overview

• Measurements — Details

• Sensors — Lists

(p. 567)

(p. 64)

(p. 311)

Sensors transduce phenomena into measurable electrical forms by modulating
voltage, current, resistance, status, or pulse output signals. Suitable sensors do
this accurately and precisely

(p. 522). Smart sensors have internal measurement

and processing components and simply output a digital value in binary,
hexadecimal, or ASCII character form. The CR800, sometimes with the
assistance of various peripheral devices, can measure or read nearly all electronic
sensor output types.

Sensor types supported include:

• Analog

o Voltage

o Current

o Thermocouples

o Resistive bridges

• Pulse

o High frequency

o Switch closure

o Low-level ac

• Period average

• Vibrating wire

• Smart sensors

o SDI-12

o RS-232

Section 4. Quickstart

36

o Modbus

o DNP3

o RS-485

Refer to the Sensors — Lists

(p. 567) for a list of specific sensors available from

Campbell Scientific. This list may not be comprehensive. A library of sensor
manuals and application notes are available at www.campbellsci.com to assist in
measuring many sensor types.

4.2 Datalogger — Quickstart

Related Topics:

• Datalogger — Quickstart (p. 36)

• Datalogger — Overview

• Dataloggers — List

(p. 56)

(p. 561)

The CR800 can measure almost any sensor with an electrical response. The
CR800 measures electrical signals and converts the measurement to engineering
units, performs calculations and reduces data to statistical values. Most
applications do not require that every measurement be stored. Instead, individual
measurements can be combined into statistical or computational summaries. The
CR800 will store data in memory to await transfer to the PC with an external
storage devices or telecommunication device.

4.2.1 CR800 Module

CR800 electronics are protected in a sealed stainless steel shell. This design
makes the CR800 economical, small, and very rugged.

4.2.1.1 Wiring Panel — Quickstart

Related Topics

• Wiring Panel — Quickstart (p. 36)

• Wiring Panel — Overview

• Measurement and Control Peripherals

As shown in figure Wiring Panel (p. 37), the CR800 wiring panel provides terminals
for connecting sensors, power, and communication devices. Surge protection is
incorporated internally in most wiring panel connectors.

(p. 57)

(p. 393)

37

FIGURE 1: Wiring Panel

Section 4. Quickstart

4.3 Power Supplies — Quickstart

Related Topics:

• Power Input Terminals — Specifications

• Power Supplies — Quickstart

• Power Supplies — Overview (p. 83)

• Power Supplies — Details (p. 94)

• Power Supplies — Products (p. 576)

• Power Sources (p. 95)

• Troubleshooting — Power Supplies (p. 477)

The CR800 requires a power supply. Be sure that power supply components
match the specifications of the device to which they are connected. When
connecting power, first switch off the power supply, make the connection, then
turn the power supply on.

The CR800 operates with power from 9.6 to 16 Vdc applied at the POWER IN
terminals of the green connector on the face of the wiring panel.

External power connects through the green POWER IN connector on the face of
the CR800. The positive power lead connects to 12V. The negative lead connects
to G. The connection is internally reverse-polarity protected.

(p. 37)

Section 4. Quickstart

38

4.3.1 Internal Battery — Quickstart

4.4 Data Retrieval and Comms — Quickstart

The CR800 is internally protected against accidental polarity reversal on the
power inputs.

Related Topics:

• Internal Battery — Quickstart (p. 38)

• Internal Battery — Details

(p. 457)

Warning Misuse or improper installation of the internal lithium battery
can cause severe injury. Fire, explosion, and severe burns can result. Do
not recharge, disassemble, heat above 100 °C (212 °F), solder directly to
the cell, incinerate, or expose contents to water. Dispose of spent lithium
batteries properly.

A lithium battery backs up the CR800 clock, program, and memory.

Related Topics:

• Data Retrieval and Comms — Quickstart (p. 38)

• Data Retrieval and Comms — Overview (p. 76)

• Data Retrieval and Comms — Details (p. 426)

• Data Retrieval and Comms Peripherals — Lists (p. 568)

If the CR800 datalogger sits near a PC, direct-connect serial communication is
usually the best solution. In the field, direct serial, a data storage device, can be
used during a site visit. A remote comms option (or a combination of comms
options) allows you to collect data from your CR800 over long distances. It also
allows you to discover system problems early.

A Campbell Scientific sales engineer can help you make a shopping list for any of
these comms options:

• Standard

o RS-232 serial

• Options

o Ethernet

o Mass Storage

o Cellular, Telephone

o iOS, Android

Section 4. Quickstart

39

o PDA

o Multidrop, Fiber Optic

o Radio, Satellite

Some comms options can be combined.

4.5 Datalogger Support Software — Quickstart

Related Topics:

• Datalogger Support Software — Quickstart (p. 39)

• Datalogger Support Software — Overview

• Datalogger Support Software — Details

• Datalogger Support Software — Lists

Campbell Scientific datalogger support software is PC or Linux software that
facilitates comms between the computer and the CR800. A wide array of
software are available. This section focuses on the following:

(p. 86)

(p. 396)

(p. 571)

• Short Cut Program Generator for Windows (SCWin)

• PC200W Datalogger Starter Software for Windows

• LoggerLink Mobile Datalogger Starter software for iOS and Android

A CRBasic program must be loaded into the CR800 to enable it to make
measurements, read sensors, and store data. Use Short Cut to write simple
CRBasic programs without the need to learn the CRBasic programming language.
Short Cut is an easy-to-use wizard that steps you through the program building
process.

After the CRBasic program is written, it is loaded onto the CR800. Then, after
sufficient time has elapsed for measurements to be made and data to be stored,
data are retrieved to a computer. These functions are supported by PC200W and

LoggerLink Mobile.

Short Cut and PC200W are available at no charge at
www.campbellsci.com/downloads.

Note More information about software available from Campbell Scientific
can be found at www.campbellsci.com.

4.6 Tutorial: Measuring a Thermocouple

This exercise guides you through the following:

• Attaching a sensor to the CR800

• Creating a program for the CR800 to measure the sensor

Section 4. Quickstart

40

4.6.1 What You Will Need

• Making a simple measurement

• Storing measurement data on the CR800

• Collecting data from the CR800 with a PC

• Viewing real-time and historical data with the PC

The following items are used in this exercise. If you do not have all of these
items, you can provide suitable substitutes. If you have questions about
compatible power supplies or serial cables, review and Power Supplies — Details

(p. 94) or contact Campbell Scientific.

• CR800 datalogger

• Power supply with an output between 10 to 16 Vdc

• Thermocouple, 4 to 5 inches long; one is shipped with the CR800

• Personal computer (PC) with an available nine-pin RS-232 serial port, or

with a USB port and a USB-to-RS-232 adapter

• Nine-pin female to nine-pin male RS-232 cable; one is shipped with the

CR800.

• PC200W software, which is available on the Campbell Scientific

resource DVD or thumb drive, or at www.campbellsci.com.

Note If the CR800 datalogger is to be connected to the PC during normal
operations, use the Campbell Scientific SC32B interface to provide optical
isolation through the CS I/O port. Doing so protects low-level analog
measurements from grounding disturbances.

4.6.2 Hardware Setup

Note The thermocouple is attached to the CR800 later in this exercise.

4.6.2.1 Connect External Power Supply

With reference to FIGURE: Connect Power and Serial Comms (p. 41), proceed as
follows:

1. Remove the green power connector from the CR800 wiring panel.

2. Switch power supply to OFF.

Section 4. Quickstart

41

3. Connect the positive lead of the power supply to the 12V terminal of the green
power connector. Connect the negative (ground) lead of the power supply to
the G terminal of the green connector.

4. Confirm the power supply connections have the correct polarity then insert the
green power connector into its receptacle on the CR800 wiring panel.

FIGURE 2: Connect Power and Comms

4.6.2.2 Connect Comms

Connect the serial cable between the RS-232 port on the CR800 and the RS-232

port on the PC. If your CR800 is Wi-Fi enabled, and you wish to use the Wi­Fi link for this exercise, go to On-Board Wi-Fi.

Switch the power supply ON.

4.6.3 PC200W Software Setup

1. Install PC200W software onto the PC. Follow on-screen prompts during the
installation process. Use the default folders.

2. Open PC200W. Your PC should display a window similar to figure PC200W

Main Window

automatically in a new window. This will configure the software to
communicate with the CR800 datalogger. The table PC200W EZSetup Wizard
Prompts
Click Next at the lower portion of the window to advance.

(p. 42). When PC200W is first run, the EZSetup Wizard will run

(p. 42) indicates what information to enter on each screen of the wizard.

Section 4. Quickstart

42

Note A video tutorial is available at

https://www.campbellsci.com/videos?video=80
(https://www.campbellsci.com/videos?video=80). Other video tutorials are
available at www.campbellsci.com/videos.

After exiting the wizard, the main PC200W window becomes visible. This
window has several tabs. The Clock/Program tab displays clock and program
information. Monitor Data and Collect Data tabs are also available. Icons across
the top of the window access additional functions.

FIGURE 3: PC200W Main Window

Section 4. Quickstart

43

PC200W EZSetup Wizard Prompts

Screen Name Information Needed

Provides an introduction to the EZSetup Wizard

Introduction

along with instructions on how to navigate through
the wizard.

Datalogger Type and
Name

COM Port Selection

Datalogger Settings

Datalogger Settings —
Security

Select the CR800 from the list box.

Accept the default name of CR800.

Select the correct PC COM port for the serial
connection. Typically, this will be COM1, but
other COM numbers are possible, especially when
using a USB cable.

Leave COM Port Communication Delay at 00
seconds.

Note When using USB serial cables, the COM

number may change if the cable is moved to a
different USB port. This will prevent data transfer
between the software and CR800. Should this
occur, simply move the cable back to the original
port. If this is not possible, close then reopen the
PC200W software to refresh the available COM
ports. Click on Edit Datalogger Setup and change
the COM port to the new port number.

Configures how the CR800 communicates with the
PC.

For this tutorial, accept the default settings.

For this tutorial, Security Code should be set to 0
and PakBus Encryption Key should be left blank.

Communication Setup
Summary

Summary of settings in previous screens. No
changes are needed for this tutorial. Press

Finish to

exit the wizard.

4.6.4 Write CRBasic Program with Short Cut

Following are the objectives for this Short Cut programming exercise:

• Create a program to measure the voltage of the CR800 power supply,

temperature of the CR800 wiring panel, and ambient air temperature
using a thermocouple.

• When the program is downloaded to the CR800, it will take samples

once per second and store averages of the samples at one-minute
intervals.

NOTE A video tutorial is available at

https://www.campbellsci.com/videos?video=80
https://www.campbellsci.com/videos?video=80. Other video resources
are available at www.campbellsci.com/videos.

Section 4. Quickstart

44

4.6.4.1 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 1 to 5)

1. Click on the Short Cut icon in the upper-right corner of the PC200W window.
The icon resembles a clock face.

2. The Short Cut window is shown. Click New Program.

3. In the Datalogger Model drop-down list, select CR800.

4. In the Scan Interval box, enter 1 and select Seconds in the drop-down list
box. Click Next.

Note The first time Short Cut is run, a prompt will appear asking for a
choice of ac noise rejection. Select 60 Hz for the United States and other
areas using 60 Hz ac voltage. Select 50 Hz for most of Europe and other
areas that operate at 50 Hz. A second prompt lists sensor support options.
Campbell Scientific, Inc. (US) is probably the best fit if you are outside
Europe.

5. The next window displays Available Sensors and Devices as shown in the
following figure. Expand the Sensors folder by clicking on the symbol.
This shows several sub-folders. Expand the Temperature folder to view
available sensors. Note that a wiring panel temperature (PTemp_C in the
Selected column) is selected by default.

FIGURE 4: Short Cut Temperature Sensor Folder

Section 4. Quickstart

45

4.6.4.2 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 6 to 7)

6. Double-click Type T (copper-constantan) Thermocouple to add it into the
Selected column. A dialog window is presented with several fields. By
immediately clicking OK, you accept default options that include selection of
1 sensor and PTemp_C as the reference temperature measurement.

Note BattV (battery voltage) and PTempC (wiring panel temperature)
are default measurements. During normal operations, battery and
temperature can be recorded at least daily to assist in monitoring system
status.

7. In the left pane of the main Short Cut window, click Wiring Diagram. Attach
the physical type-T thermocouple to the CR800 as shown in the diagram.
Click on 3. Sensors in the left pane to return to the sensor selection screen.

4.6.4.3 Procedure: (Short Cut Step 8)

8. As shown in the following figure, click Next to advance to the Outputs tab,
which displays the list Selected Sensors to the left and data storage tables to
the right under Selected Outputs.

FIGURE 5: Short Cut Outputs Tab

4.6.4.4 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 9 to 12)

9. As shown in the right-most pane of the previous figure, two output tables (1
Table1 and 2 Table2 tabs) are initially configured. Both tables have a Store
Every field and a drop-down list from which to select the time units. These

are used to set the time intervals when data are stored.

Section 4. Quickstart

46

4.6.4.5 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 13 to 14)

10. Only one table is needed for this tutorial, so remove Table 2. Click 2 Table2
tab, then click Delete Table.

11. Change the name of the remaining table from Table1 to OneMin, and then
change the Store Every interval to 1 Minutes.

12. Add measurements to the table by selecting BattV under Selected Sensors in
the center pane. Click Average in the center column of buttons. Repeat this
procedure for PTemp_C and Temp_C.

13. Click Finish at the bottom of the Short Cut window to compile the program.
At the prompt, name the program MyTemperature. A summary screen, like
the one in the following figure, will appear showing the pre-compiler results.
Pre-compile errors, if any, are displayed here.

FIGURE 6: Short Cut Compile Confirmation Window and Results Tab

14. Close this window by clicking on X in the upper right corner.

4.6.5 Send Program and Collect Data

PC200W Datalogger Support Software objectives:

• Send the CRBasic program created by Short Cut in the previous

procedure to the CR800.

Section 4. Quickstart

47

• Collect data from the CR800.

• Store the data on the PC.

4.6.5.1 Procedure: (PC200W Step 1)

1. From the PC200W Clock/Program tab, click on Connect (upper left) to
connect the CR800 to the PC. As shown in the following figure, when
connected, the Connect button changes to Disconnect.

CAUTION This procedure assumes there are no data already on the
CR800. If there are data that you want to keep on the CR800, you should
collect it before proceeding to the next step.

FIGURE 7: PC200W Main Window

4.6.5.2 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 2 to 4)

2. Click Set Clock (right pane, center) to synchronize the CR800 clock with the
computer clock.

3. Click Send Program... (right pane, bottom). A warning appears that data on
the datalogger will be erased. Click Yes. A dialog box will open. Browse
to the C:\CampbellSci\SCWin folder. Select the MyTemperature.cr8 file.
Click Open. A status bar will appear while the program is sent to the CR800
followed by a confirmation that the transfer was successful. Click OK to
close the confirmation.

4. After sending a program to the CR800, a good practice is to monitor the
measurements to ensure they are reasonable. Select the Monitor Data tab. As

Section 4. Quickstart

48

shown in the following figure, PC200W now displays data found in the CR800
Public table.

FIGURE 8: PC200W Monitor Data Tab – Public Table

4.6.5.3 Procedure: (PC200W Step 5)

5. To view the OneMin table, select an empty cell in the display area. Click
Add. In the Add Selection window Tables field, click on OneMin, then click
Paste. The OneMin table is now displayed.

Section 4. Quickstart

49

FIGURE 9: PC200W Monitor Data Tab — Public and OneMin Tables

4.6.5.4 Procedure: (PC200W Step 6)

6. Click on the Collect Data tab and select data to be collected and the storage
location on the PC.

FIGURE 10: PC200W Collect Data Tab

Section 4. Quickstart

50

4.6.5.5 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 7 to 10)

7. Click the OneMin box so a check mark appears in the box. Under What to
Collect, select New data from datalogger.

8. Click on a table in the list to highlight it, then click Change Table's Output
File... to change the name of the destination file.

9. Click on Collect. A progress bar will appear as data are collected, followed
by a Collection Complete message. Click OK to continue.

10. To view data, click the icon at the top of the PC200W window to open
the View utility.

FIGURE 11: PC200W View Data Utility

Section 4. Quickstart

51

4.6.5.6 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 11 to 12)

11. Click on to open a file for viewing. In the dialog box, select the
CR800_OneMin.dat file and click Open.

12. The collected data are now shown.

FIGURE 12: PC200W View Data Table

4.6.5.7 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 13 to 14)

13. Click the heading of any data column. To display the data in that column in a

line graph, click the icon.

14. Close the Graph and View windows, and then close the PC200W program.

Section 4. Quickstart

52

FIGURE 13: PC200W View Line Graph

4.7 Data Acquisition Systems — Quickstart

Related Topics:

• Data Acquisition Systems — Quickstart (p. 52)

• Data Acquisition Systems — Overview

Acquiring data with a CR800 datalogger requires integration of the following into
a data acquisition system:

• Electronic sensor technology

• CR800 datalogger

• Comms link

• Datalogger support software

(p. 86)

A failure in any part of the system can lead to bad data or no data. The concept of
a data acquisition system is illustrated in figure Data Acquisition System
Components

• Sensors

(p. 53) Following is a list of typical system components:

(p. 35) — Electronic sensors convert the state of a phenomenon to

an electrical signal.

(p. 56)

• Datalogger

(p. 36) — The CR800 measures electrical signals or reads

serial characters. It converts the measurement or reading to engineering
units, performs calculations, and reduces data to statistical values. Data
are stored in memory to await transfer to a PC by way of an external
storage device or a comms link.

Section 4. Quickstart

53

• Data Retrieval and Comms (p. 38) — Data are copied (not moved) from

the CR800, usually to a PC, by one or more methods using datalogger
support software. Most of these comms options are bi-directional, which
allows programs and settings to be sent to the CR800.

• Datalogger Support Software

(p. 39) — Software retrieves data and sends

programs and settings. The software manages the comms link and has
options for data display.

• Programmable Logic Control

(p. 87) — Some data acquisition systems

require the control of external devices to facilitate a measurement or to
control a device based on measurements. The CR800 is adept at
programmable logic control.

• Measurement and Control Peripherals

(p. 82) — Sometimes, system

requirements exceed the capacity of the CR800. The excess can usually
be handled by addition of input and output expansion modules.

FIGURE 14: Data-Acquisition System Components

55

5. Overview

You have just received a big box (or several big boxes) from Campbell Scientific,
opened it, spread its contents across the floor, and now you sit wondering what to
do.

Well, that depends.

Probably, the first thing you should understand is the basic architecture of a data
acquisition system. Once that framework is in mind, you can begin to
conceptualize what to do next. So, job one, is to go back to the Quickstart

(p. 35)

section of this manual and work through the tutorial. When you have done that,
and then read the following, you should have the needed framework.

A Campbell Scientific data acquisition system is made up of the following five
basic components:

• Sensors

• Datalogger, which includes:

o Clock

o Measurement and control circuitry

o Memory

o Hardware and firmware to communicate with comms devices

o User-entered CRBasic program

• Power supply

• Comms link or external storage device

• Datalogger support software

(p. 494)

The figure Data Acquisition Systems — Overview (p. 56) illustrates a common
CR800-based data acquisition system.

Section 5. Overview

56

FIGURE 15: Data Acquisition System — Overview

5.1 Datalogger — Overview

The CR800 datalogger is the main part of the system. It is a precision instrument
designed to withstand demanding environments and to use the smallest amount of
power possible. It has a central-processing unit (CPU), analog and digital
measurement inputs, analog and digital outputs, and memory. An operating
system (firmware) coordinates the functions of these parts in conjunction with the
on-board clock and the CRBasic application program.

Section 5. Overview

57

The application program is written in CRBasic, which is a programming language
that includes measurement, data processing, and analysis routines and the
standard BASIC instruction set. For simpler applications, Short Cut

(p. 514), a user-

friendly program generator, can be used to write the progam. For more demanding
programs, use CRBasic Editor

(p. 493).

After measurements are made, data are stored in non-volatile memory. Most
applications do not require that every measurement be recorded. Instead, the
program usually combines several measurements into computational or statistical
summaries, such as averages and standard deviations.

Programs are run by the CR800 in either sequential mode
efficient pipeline mode

(p. 509). In sequential mode, each instruction is executed

(p. 514) or the more

sequentially in the order it appears in the program. In pipeline mode, the CR800
determines the order of instruction execution.

5.1.1 Wiring Panel — Overview

In the following figure, the CR800 wiring panel is illustrated. The wiring panel is
the interface to most CR800 functions so studying it is a good way to get
acquainted with the CR800. Functions of the terminals are broken down into the
following categories.

• Analog input

• Analog output

• Pulse counting

• Digital I/O input

• Digital I/O output

• Digital I/O communications

• Dedicated power output terminal

• Power input terminal

• Ground terminals

Section 5. Overview

58

VX1

VX2

P1

P2

C1

C2

C3

C4

5V

12V

SW1 RS- CS Max

FIGURE 16: Wiring Panel

CR800 Wiring Panel Terminal Definitions

SE 1 2 3 4 5 6

DIFF

┌ 1 ┐ ┌ 2 ┐ ┌ 3 ┐

COM1 COM2

Tx Rx Tx Rx

Labels

Analog Input

Single-ended       6

Differential (high/low)    3

Analog period average       6

Vibrating wire2

Analog Output

Function

Switched Precision Voltage   2

Pulse Counting

Switch closure       6

High frequency

Low-level Vac

H L H L H L

      6

   

 

2

 

6

Section 5. Overview

59

Digital I/O

Control

Status

General I/O (TX,RX)   2

Pulse-width modulation  1

Timer I/O     4

Interrupt     4

   

   

4

4

Continuous Regulated3

5 Vdc  1

Continuous Unregulated3

12 Vdc

Switched Regulated3

5 Vdc     4

Switched Unregulated3

12 Vdc

UART

True RS-232 (TX/RX)

TTL RS-232 (TX/RX)

SDI-12

SDM (Data/Clock/Enable)  1

1

Terminal expansion modules are available. See section Measurement and Control Peripherals —

Overview

2

Static, time domain measurement. Obsolete. See section Vibrating Wire Measurements — Overview (p.

73).

3

Check the table Current Source and Sink Limits (p. 389).

4

Requires an interfacing device for sensor input. See section Data Retrieval and Comms Peripherals —

Lists

(p. 82).

(p. 568).

1



1







4

 

 

2

4

2

5.1.1.1 Switched Voltage Output — Overview

Related Topics:

• Switched Voltage Output — Specifications

• Switched Voltage Output — Overview

• Switched Voltage Output — Details (p. 388)

• Current Source and Sink Limits (p. 389)

• PLC Control — Overview (p. 87)

• PLC Control Modules — Overview (p. 394)

• PLC Control Modules — Lists (p. 565)

C terminals are selectable as binary inputs, control outputs, or communication
ports. See Measurements — Overview
functions. Other functions include device-driven interrupts, asynchronous

(p. 59)

(p. 64) for a summary of measurement

Section 5. Overview

60

communications and SDI-12 communications. Table CR800 Terminal
Definitions

(p. 58) summarizes available options.

Figure Control and Monitoring with C Terminals

(p. 60) illustrates a simple

application wherein a C terminal configured for digital input and another
configured for control output are used to control a device (turn it on or off) and
monitor the state of the device (whether the device is on or off).

FIGURE 17: Control and Monitoring with C Terminals

5.1.1.2 Voltage Excitation — Overview

Related Topics:

• Voltage Excita (p. 60)tion — Specifications

• Voltage Excitation — Overview

The CR800 has several terminals designed to supply switched voltage to
peripherals, sensors, or control devices:

• Voltage Excitation (switched-analog output) — Vx terminals supply

precise voltage. These terminals are regularly used with resistive-bridge
measurements..

• Digital I/O — C terminals configured for on / off and PWM (pulse width

modulation) or PDM (pulse duration modulation) on C4.

• Switched 12 Vdc — SW12 terminals. Primary battery voltage under

program control to control external devices (such as humidity sensors)

(p. 60)

Section 5. Overview

61

requiring nominal 12 Vdc. SW12 terminals can source up to 900 mA.
See the table Current Source and Sink Limits

(p. 389).

• Continuous Analog Output (CAO) — available by adding a peripheral

analog output device available from Campbell Scientific. Refer to
Analog-Output Modules — List

(p. 394) for information on available

expansion modules.

5.1.1.3 Power Terminals

5.1.1.3.1 Power In Terminals

The POWER IN connector is the connection point for external power supply
components.

5.1.1.3.2 Power Out Terminals

Note Refer to Switched-Voltage Output — Details (p. 388) for more
information about using the CR800 as a power supply for sensors and
peripheral devices.

The CR800 can be used as a power source for sensors and peripherals. The
following voltages are available:

• 12V terminals: unregulated nominal 12 Vdc. This supply closely tracks

the primary CR800 supply voltage, so it may rise above or drop below
the power requirement of the sensor or peripheral. Precautions should
be taken to prevent damage to sensors or peripherals from over- or
under-voltage conditions, and to minimize the error associated with the
measurement of underpowered sensors. See Power Supplies —

Overview

(p. 83).

• 5V terminals: regulated 5 Vdc at 300 mA. The 5 Vdc supply is

regulated to within a few millivolts of 5 Vdc so long as the main power
supply for the CR800 does not drop below <MinPwrSupplyVolts>.

5.1.1.4 Communication Ports — Overview

Related Topics:

• Communication Ports — Overview (p. 61)

• Data Retrieval and Comms — Overview (p. 76)

• CPI Port and CDM Devices — Overview (p. 63)

• PakBus — Overview (p. 77)

• RS-232 and TTL (p. 384)

Section 5. Overview

62

The CR800 is equipped with hardware ports that allow communication with other
devices and networks, such as:

• PC

• Smart sensors

• Modbus and DNP3 networks

• Ethernet

• Modems

• Campbell Scientific PakBus networks

• Other Campbell Scientific dataloggers

• Campbell Scientific datalogger peripherals

Communication ports include:

• CS I/O

• RS-232

• SDI-12

• SDM

• CPI (requires a peripheral device)

• Ethernet (requires a peripheral device)

• CS I/O Port

Read More See Serial Port Pinouts

(p. 553).

• One nine-pin port, labeled CS I/O, for communicating with a PC or

modem through Campbell Scientific communication interfaces, modems,
or peripherals. CS I/O comms interfaces are listed in the appendix

Serial I/O Modules — List

(p. 563).

Note Keep CS I/O cables short (maximum of a few feet).

5.1.1.4.1 RS-232 Ports

Note RS-232 communications normally operate well up to a transmission
cable capacitance of 2500 picofarads, or approximately 50 feet of
commonly available serial cable.

Section 5. Overview

63

• One nine-pin DCE port, labeled RS-232, normally used to communicate

with a PC running datalogger support software

(p. 86), or to connect a

third-party modem. With a null-modem adapter attached, it serves as a
DTE device.

Read More See Serial Port Pinouts

(p. 553).

• Two-terminal (TX and RX) RS-232 ports can be configured:

o Up to Two TTL ports, configured from C terminals.

Note RS-232 ports are not isolated

(p. 503).

5.1.1.4.2 SDI-12 Ports

Read More See the section Serial I/O: SDI-12 Sensor Support — Details

(p. 240).

SDI-12 is a 1200 baud protocol that supports many smart sensors. Each port
requires one terminal and supports up to 16 individually addressed sensors.

• Up to two ports configured from C terminals.

5.1.1.4.3 SDM Port

SDM is a protocol proprietary to Campbell Scientific that supports several
Campbell Scientific digital sensor and comms input and output expansion
peripherals and select smart sensors.

• One SDM port configured from C1, C2, and C3 terminals.

5.1.1.4.4 CPI Port and CDM Devices — Overview

Related Topics:

• CPI Port and CDM Devices — Overview (p. 63)

• CPI Port and CDM Devices — Details (p. 455)

CPI is a new proprietary protocol that supports an expanding line of Campbell
Scientific CDM modules. CDM modules are higher-speed input- and output­expansion peripherals. CPI ports also enable networking between compatible
Campbell Scientific dataloggers. Consult the manuals for CDM modules for
more information.

• Connection to CDM devices requires the SC-CPI interface.

Section 5. Overview

64

5.1.1.4.5 Ethernet Port

5.1.1.5 Grounding — Overview

Read More See the section TCP/IP — Details (p. 428).

• Ethernet capability requires a peripheral Ethernet interface device, as

listed in Network Links — List

(p. 570).

Related Topics:

• Grounding — Overview (p. 64)

• Grounding — Details (p. 96)

Proper grounding lends stability and protection to a data acquisition system. It is
the easiest and least expensive insurance against data loss — and often the most
neglected. The following terminals are provided for connection of sensor and
CR800 datalogger grounds:

• Signal ground reference for single-ended analog inputs, pulse

inputs, excitation returns, and as a ground for sensor shield wires. Signal
returns for pulse inputs should use terminals located next to the pulse

input terminal. Current loop sensors, however, should be grounded to
power ground.

• G Power ground return for 5V, SW12, 12V terminals, current loop

sensors, and C configured for control. Use of G grounds for these
outputs minimizes potentially large current flow through the analog­voltage-measurement section of the wiring panel, which can cause
single-ended voltage measurement errors.

• Earth ground lug connection point for a heavy-gage earth-ground

wire. A good earth connection is necessary to secure the ground potential
of the CR800 and shunt transients away from electronics. Minimum 14
AWG wire is recommended.

5.2 Measurements — Overview

Related Topics:

• Sensors — Quickstart (p. 35)

• Measurements — Overview

• Measurements — Details

• Sensors — Lists

(p. 567)

Most electronic sensors, whether or not they are supplied by Campbell Scientific,
can be connected directly to the CR800.

Manuals that discuss alternative input routes, such as external multiplexers,
peripheral measurement devices, or a wireless sensor network, can be found at
www.campbellsci.com/manuals.

(p. 64)

(p. 311)

Section 5. Overview

65

This section discusses direct sensor-to-datalogger connections and applicable
CRBasic programming to instruct the CR800 how to make, process, and store the
measurements. The CR800 wiring panel has terminals for the following
measurement inputs:

5.2.1 Time Keeping — Overview

Related Topics:

• Time Keeping — Overview (p. 65)

• Time Keeping — Details (p. 311)

Measurement of time is an essential function of the CR800. Time measurement
with the on-board clock enables the CR800 to attach time stamps to data, measure
the interval between events, and time the initiation of control functions.

5.2.2 Analog Measurements — Overview

Related Topics:

• Analog Measurements — Overview (p. 65)

• Analog Measurements — Details

(p. 313)

Analog sensors output a continuous voltage or current signal that varies with the
phenomena measured. Sensors compatible with the CR800 output a voltage.
The CR800 can also measure analog current output when the current is converted
to voltage by using a resistive shunt.

Sensor connection is to H/L terminals configured for differential (DIFF) or
single-ended (SE) inputs. For example, differential channel 1 is comprised of
terminals 1H and 1L, with 1H as high and 1L as low.

5.2.2.1 Voltage Measurements — Overview

Related Topics:

• Voltage Measurements — Specifications

• Voltage Measurements — Overview

• Voltage Measurements — Details

• Maximum input voltage range: ±5000 mV

• Measurement resolution range: 0.67 µV to 1333 µV

Single-ended and differential connections are illustrated in the figures Analog
Sensor Wired to Single-Ended Channel #1
Differential Channel #1
Terminals

(p. 67) lists CR800 analog input channel terminal assignments.

(p. 67). Table Differential and Single-Ended Input

(p. 65)

(p. 345)

(p. 66) and Analog Sensor Wired to

Conceptually, analog voltage sensors output two signals: high and low. For
example, a sensor that outputs 1000 mV on the high lead and 0 mV on the low has
an overall output of 1000 mV. A sensor that outputs 2000 mV on the high lead
and 1000 mV on the low also has an overall output of 1000 mV. Sometimes, the

Section 5. Overview

66

low signal is simply sensor ground (0 mV). A single-ended measurement
measures the high signal with reference to ground, with the low signal tied to
ground. A differential measurement measures the high signal with reference to
the low signal. Each configuration has a purpose, but the differential
configuration is usually preferred.

A differential configuration may significantly improve the voltage measurement.
Following are conditions that often indicate that a differential measurement
should be used:

• Ground currents cause voltage drop between the sensor and the signal-

ground terminal. Currents >5 mA are usually considered undesirable.
These currents may result from resistive-bridge sensors using voltage
excitation, but these currents only flow when the voltage excitation is
applied. Return currents associated with voltage excitation cannot
influence other single-ended measurements of small voltage unless the
same voltage-excitation terminal is enabled during the unrelated
measurements.

• Measured voltage is less than 200 mV.

FIGURE 18: Analog Sensor Wired to

Single-Ended Channel #1

Section 5. Overview

67

FIGURE 19: Analog Sensor Wired to

Differential Channel #1

Differential and Single-Ended Input

Terminals

Differentiaol

DIFF Terminals

Single-Ended
SE Terminals

1H 1

1L 2

2H 3

2L 4

3H 5

3L 6

5.2.2.1.1 Single-Ended Measurements — Overview

Related Topics:

• Single-Ended Measurements — Overview (p. 67)

• Single-Ended Measurements — Details

A single-ended measurement measures the difference in voltage between the
terminal configured for single-ended input and the reference ground. While
differential measurements are usually preferred, a single-ended measurement is
often adequate in applications wherein some types of noise are not present and
care is taken to avoid problems caused by ground currents
applications wherein a single-ended measurement may be preferred include:

(p. 350)

(p. 501). Examples of

• Not enough differential terminals available. Differential measurements

use twice as many H/L terminals as do single-ended measurements.

• Rapid sampling is required. Single-ended measurement time is about half

that of differential measurement time.

Section 5. Overview

68

• Sensor is not designed for differential measurements. Many Campbell

Scientific sensors are not designed for differential measurement, but the
draw backs of a single-ended measurement are usually mitigated by large
programmed excitation and/or sensor output voltages.

However, be aware that because a single-ended measurement is referenced to
CR800 ground, any difference in ground potential between the sensor and the
CR800 will result in error, as emphasized in the following examples:

• If the measuring junction of a thermocouple used to measure soil

temperature is not insulated, and the potential of earth ground is greater
at the sensor than at the point where the CR800 is grounded, a
measurement error will result. For example, if the difference in grounds
is 1 mV, with a copper-constantan thermocouple, the error will be
approximately 25 °C.

• If signal conditioning circuitry, such as might be found in a gas analyzer,

and the CR800 use a common power supply, differences in current drain
and lead resistance often result in different ground potentials at the two
instruments despite the use of a common ground. A differential
measurement should be made on the analog output from the external
signal conditioner to avoid error.

5.2.2.1.2 Differential Measurements — Overview

Related Topics:

• Differential Measurements — Overview (p. 68)

• Differential Measurements — Details

(p. 351)

Summary Use a differential configuration when making voltage
measurements, unless constrained to do otherwise.

A differential measurement measures the difference in voltage between two input
terminals. Its autosequence is characterized by multiple measurements, the
results of which are autoaveraged before the final value is reported. For example,
the sequence on a differential measurement using the VoltDiff() instruction
involves two measurements — first with the high input referenced to the low, then
with the inputs reversed. Reversing the inputs before the second measurement
cancels noise common to both leads as well as small errors caused by junctions of
different metals that are throughout the measurement electronics.

5.2.2.2 Current Measurements — Overview

Related Topics:

• Current Measurements — Overview (p. 68)

• Current Measurements — Details

(p. 344)

A measurement of current is accomplished through the use of external resistors to
convert current to voltage, then measure the voltage as explained in the section

Section 5. Overview

69

Differential Measurements — Overview (p. 68). The voltage is measured with the
CR800 voltage measurement circuitry.

5.2.2.3 Resistance Measurements — Overview

Related Topics:

• Resistance Measurements — Specifications

• Resistance Measurements — Overview

• Resistance Measurements — Details (p. 332)

• Measurement: RTD, PRT, PT100, PT1000 (p. 258)

Many analog sensors use some kind of variable resistor as the fundamental
sensing element. As examples, wind vanes use potentiometers, pressure
transducers use strain gages, and temperature sensors use thermistors. These
elements are placed in a Wheatstone bridge or related circuit. With the exception
of PRTs, another type of variable resistor. See Measurement: RTD, PRT, PT100,
PT1000

(p. 258). This manual does not give instruction on how to build variable

resistors into a resistor bridge. Sensor manufacturers consider many criteria
when deciding what type of resistive bridge to use for their sensors. The CR800
can measure most bridge circuit configurations.

(p. 69)

5.2.2.3.1 Voltage Excitation

Bridge resistance is determined by measuring the difference between a known
voltage applied to the excitation (input) arm of a resistor bridge and the voltage
measured on the output arm. The CR800 supplies a precise-voltage excitation
via Vx terminals . Return voltage is measured on H/L terminals configured for
single-ended or differential input. Examples of bridge-sensor wiring using
voltage excitation are illustrated in figures Half-Bridge Wiring — Wind Vane

Potentiometer

(p. 69) and Full-Bridge Wiring — Pressure Transducer (p. 70).

FIGURE 20: Half-Bridge Wiring

Example — Wind Vane
Potentiometer

Section 5. Overview

70

FIGURE 21: Full-Bridge Wiring Example

— Pressure Transducer

5.2.2.4 Strain Measurements — Overview

Related Topics:

• Strain Measurements — Overview (p. 70)

• Strain Measurements — Details

• FieldCalStrain() Examples

(p. 343)

(p. 228)

Strain gage measurements are usually associated with structural-stress analysis.

5.2.3 Pulse Measurements — Overview

Related Topics:

• Pulse Measurements — Specifications

• Pulse Measurements — Overview

• Pulse Measurements — Details (p. 369)

The output signal generated by a pulse sensor is a series of voltage waves. The
sensor couples its output signal to the measured phenomenon by modulating wave
frequency. The CR800 detects the state transition as each wave varies between
voltage extremes (high-to-low or low-to-high). Measurements are processed and
presented as counts, frequency, or timing data.

(p. 70)

P terminals are configurable for pulse input to measure counts or frequency from
the following signal types:

• High-frequency 5 Vdc square-wave

• Switch closure

Section 5. Overview

71

• Low-level ac

C terminals configurable for input for the following:

• State

• Edge counting

• Edge timing

Note A period-averaging sensor has a frequency output, but it is
connected to a SE terminal configured for period-average input and
measured with the PeriodAverage() instruction. See Period Averaging
— Overview

(p. 73).

5.2.3.1 Pulses Measured

The CR800 measures three types of pulse outputs, which are illustrated in the
figure Pulse Sensor Output Signal Types

FIGURE 22: Pulse Sensor Output Signal Types

(p. 71).

5.2.3.2 Pulse Input Channels

Table Pulse Input Terminals and Measurements (p. 71) lists devices, channels and
options for measuring pulse signals.

Section 5. Overview

72

Pulse Input Terminals and Measurements

Pulse Input

Terminal

P Terminal

• Low-level ac

• High-

• Switch-closure

Input Type

frequency

Data Option

• Counts

• Frequency

• Run

average of
frequency

CRBasic

Instruction

PulseCount()

• Counts

• Low-level ac

with LLAC4

module

C Terminal

562)

• High-

frequency

• Switch-closure

• Frequency

(p.

• Running

• Interval

• Period

• State

average of
frequency

PulseCount()

TimerIO()

5.2.3.3 Pulse Sensor Wiring

Read More See Pulse Measurement Tips (p. 377).

An example of a pulse sensor connection is illustrated in figure Pulse Input
Wiring Example — Anemometer Switch

wires, one of which is ground. Connect the ground wire to a (signal ground)
terminal. Connect the other wire to a P terminal. Sometimes the sensor will
require power from the CR800, so there may be two added wires — one of which
will be power ground. Connect power ground to a G terminal. Do not confuse
the pulse wire with the positive power wire, or damage to the sensor or CR800
may result. Some switch closure sensors may require a pull-up resistor.

FIGURE 23: Pulse Input Wiring

Example — Anemometer

(p. 72). Pulse sensors have two active

Section 5. Overview

73

5.2.4 Period Averaging — Overview

Related Topics:

• Period Average Measurements — Specifications

• Period Average Measurements — Overview

• Period Average Measurements — Details (p. 383)

CR800 SE terminals can be configured to measure period average.

Note Both pulse count and period average measurements are used to
measure frequency output sensors. Yet pulse count and period average
measurement methods are different. Pulse count measurements use
dedicated hardware — pulse count accumulators, which are always
monitoring the input signal, even when the CR800 is between program
scans. In contrast, period average measurement instructions only monitor
the input signal during a program scan. Consequently, pulse count scans
can usually be much less frequent than period average scans. Pulse
counters may be more susceptible to low-frequency noise because they
are always "listening", whereas period averaging may filter the noise by
reason of being "asleep" most of the time. Pulse count measurements are
not appropriate for sensors that are powered off between scans, whereas
period average measurements work well since they can be placed in the
scan to execute only when the sensor is powered and transmitting the
signal.

(p. 73)

Period average measurements use a high-frequency digital clock to
measure time differences between signal transitions, whereas pulse count
measurements simply accumulate the number of counts. As a result,
period average measurements offer much better frequency resolution per
measurement interval, as compared to pulse count measurements. The
frequency resolution of pulse count measurements can be improved by
extending the measurement interval by increasing the scan interval and by
averaging. For information on frequency resolution, see Frequency

Resolution

(p. 374).

5.2.5 Vibrating Wire Measurements — Overview

Related Topics:

• Vibrating Wire Measurements — Specifications

• Vibrating Wire Measurements — Overview

• Vibrating Wire Measurements — Details

Vibrating wire sensors are the sensor of choice in many environmental and
industrial applications that need sensors that will be stable over very long periods,
such as years or even decades. The CR800 can measure these sensors either
directly or through interface modules.

A thermistor included in most sensors can be measured to compensate for
temperature errors.

(p. 73)

(p. 382)

Section 5. Overview

74

5.2.6 Reading Smart Sensors — Overview

Measuring the resonant frequency by means of period averaging is the classic
technique, but Campbell Scientific has developed static and dynamic spectral­analysis techniques (VSPECT

(p. 521)) that produce superior noise rejection, higher

resolution, diagnostic data, and, in the case of dynamic VSPECT, measurements
up to 333.3 Hz.

SE terminals are configurable for time-domain vibrating wire measurement,
which is a technique now superseded in most applications by VSPECT

(p. 521)

vibrating wire analysis. See Vibrating Wire Input Modules — List (p. 563) for more
information

Dynamic VSPECT measurements require addition of an interface module.

Related Topics:

• Reading Smart Sensors — Overview (p. 74)

• Reading Smart Sensors — Details

(p. 384)

A smart sensor is equipped with independent measurement circuitry that makes
the basic measurement and sends measurement and measurement related data to
the CR800. Smart sensors vary widely in output modes. Many have multiple
output options. Output options supported by the CR800 include SDI-12

(p. 279), Modbus (p. 436), and DNP3 (p. 436).

RS-232

(p. 240),

The following smart sensor types can be measured on the indicated terminals:

• SDI-12 devices: C

• Synchronous Devices for Measurement (SDM): C

• Smart sensors: C terminals, RS-232 port, and CS I/O port with the

appropriate interface.

• Modbus or DNP3 network: RS-232 port and CS I/O port with the

appropriate interface

• Other serial I/O devices: C terminals, RS-232 port, and CS I/O port with

the appropriate interface

5.2.6.1 SDI-12 Sensor Support — Overview

Related Topics:

• SDI-12 Sensor Support — Overview (p. 74)

• SDI-12 Sensor Support — Details (p. 385)

• Serial I/O: SDI-12 Sensor Support — Programming Resource (p. 240)

SDI-12 is a smart-sensor protocol that uses one input port on the CR800 and is
powered by 12 Vdc. Refer to the chart CR800 Terminal Definitions
indicates C terminals that can be configured for SDI-12 input.

(p. 58), which

Section 5. Overview

75

5.2.6.2 RS-232 — Overview

The CR800 has 4 ports available for RS-232 input as shown in figure Terminals
Configurable for RS-232 Input

As indicated in figure Use of RS-232 and Digital I/O when Reading RS-232
Devices

(p. 75), RS-232 sensors can often be connected to C terminal pairs

configured for serial I/O, to the RS-232 port, or to the CS I/O port with the proper
adapter. Ports can be set up for baud rate, parity, stop-bit, and so forth as
described in CRBasic Editor Help.

FIGURE 24: Terminals Configurable for

RS-232 Input

(p. 75).

FIGURE 25: Use of RS-232 and Digital I/O when Reading RS-232

Devices

5.2.7 Field Calibration — Overview

Related Topics:

• Field Calibration — Overview (p. 75)

• Field Calibration — Details

(p. 214)

Section 5. Overview

76

5.2.8 Cabling Effects — Overview

5.2.9 Synchronizing Measurements — Overview

Calibration increases accuracy of a measurement device by adjusting its output, or
the measurement of its output, to match independently verified quantities.
Adjusting sensor output directly is preferred, but not always possible or practical.
By adding FieldCal() or FieldCalStrain() instructions to the CR800 CRBasic
program, measurements of a linear sensor can be adjusted by modifying the
programmed multiplier and offset applied to the measurement without modifying
or recompiling the CRBasic program.

Related Topics:

• Cabling Effects — Overview (p. 76)

• Cabling Effects — Details

(p. 386)

Sensor cabling can have significant effects on sensor response and accuracy. This
is usually only a concern with sensors acquired from manufacturers other than
Campbell Scientific. Campbell Scientific sensors are engineered for optimal
performance with factory-installed cables.

Related Topics:

• Synchronizing Measurements — Overview (p. 76)

• Synchronizing Measurements — Details

(p. 387)

5.2.9.1 Synchronizing Measurements in the CR800 — Overview

5.2.9.2 Synchronizing Measurements in a Datalogger Network — Overview

Large numbers of sensors, cable length restrictions, or long distances between
measurement sites may require use of multiple CR800s.

5.3 Data Retrieval and Comms — Overview

Related Topics:

• Data Retrieval and Comms — Quickstart (p. 38)

• Data Retrieval and Comms — Overview (p. 76)

• Data Retrieval and Comms — Details (p. 426)

• Data Retrieval and Comms Peripherals — Lists (p. 568)

The CR800 communicates with external devices to receive programs, send data,
or join a network. Data are usually moved through a comms link consisting of
hardware and a protocol using Campbell Scientific datalogger support software

572).

Data can also be shuttled with external memory such as a or a Campbell

Scientific mass storage media (USB: drive) to the PC.

(p.

Section 5. Overview

77

5.3.1 Data File Formats in CR800 Memory

Routine CR800 operations store data in binary data tables. However, when the
TableFile() instruction is used, data are also stored in one of several formats in
discrete text files in internal or external memory. See Memory Drives — On-

(p. 409) for more information on the use of the TableFile() instruction.

board

5.3.2 Data Format on Computer

CR800 data stored on a PC with datalogger support software (p. 572) are formatted
as either ASCII or binary depending on the file type selected in the support
software. Consult the software manual for details on available data-file formats.

5.3.3 Mass-Storage Device

Caution When removing a Campbell Scientific mass storage device

(thumb drive) from the CR800, do so only when the LED is not lit or
flashing. Removing the device while it is active can cause data
corruption.

Data stored on a SC115 Campbell Scientific mass storage device can be retrieved
via a comms link to the CR800 if the device remains on the CS I/O port. Data
can also be retrieved by removing the device, connecting it to a PC, and copying
off files using Windows File Explorer.

5.3.4 Comms Protocols

The primary communication protocol is PakBus (p. 508). PakBus is a protocol
proprietary to Campbell Scientific.

5.3.4.1 PakBus Comms — Overview

Related Topics:

• PakBus Comms — Overview (p. 77)

• PakBus Networking Guide (available at

www.campbellsci.com/manuals)

The CR800 communicates with datalogger support software (p. 572), comms
peripherals

network communication protocol. PakBus is a protocol similar in concept to IP
(Internet Protocol). By using signatured data packets, PakBus increases the
number of communication and networking options available to the CR800.
Communication can occur via TCP/IP, on the RS-232 port, CS I/O port, and C
terminals.

(p. 568), and other dataloggers (p. 561) with PakBus, a proprietary

Advantages of PakBus are as follows:

• Simultaneous communication between the CR800 and other devices.

Section 5. Overview

78

• Peer-to-peer communication — no PC required. Special CRBasic

instructions simplify transferring data between dataloggers for
distributed decision making or control.

• Data consolidation — other PakBus dataloggers can be used as sensors

to consolidate all data into one Campbell Scientific datalogger.

• Routing — the CR800 can act as a router, passing on messages intended

for another Campbell Scientific datalogger. PakBus supports automatic
route detection and selection.

• Short distance networks — with no extra hardware, a CR800 can talk to

another CR800 over distances up to 30 feet by connecting transmit,
receive and ground wires between the dataloggers.

In a PakBus network, each datalogger is set to a unique address. The default
PakBus address in most devices is 1. To communicate with the CR800, the
datalogger support software
address is changed using the CR1000KD Keyboard/Display

(p. 103), CR800 Status table (p. 527), or PakBus Graph (p. 508) software.

utility

must know the CR800 PakBus address. The PakBus

(p. 443), DevConfig

5.3.5 Alternate Comms Protocols — Overview

Related Topics:

• Alternate Comms Protocols — Overview (p. 78)

• Alternate Comms Protocols — Details (p. 428)

Other comms protocols are also included:

• Web API

• Modbus

• DNP3 (p. 79)

Refer to Specifications (p. 91) for a complete list of supported protocols. See Data
Retrieval and Comms Peripherals — Lists

Campbell Scientific.

Keyboard displays also communicate with the CR800. See Keyboard/Display —
Overview

(p. 80) for more information.

5.3.5.1 Modbus — Overview

Related Topics:

• Modbus — Overview (p. 78)

• Modbus — Details

(p. 435, p. 435)

(p. 78)

(p. 568) for devices available from

(p. 436)

The CR800 supports Modbus master and Modbus slave communications for
inclusion in Modbus SCADA networks. Modbus is a widely used SCADA
communication protocol that facilitates exchange of information and data between

Section 5. Overview

79

computers / HMI software, instruments (RTUs) and Modbus-compatible sensors.
The CR800 communicates with Modbus over RS-232, (with a RS-232 to RS­485 such as an MD485 adapter), and TCP.

Modbus systems consist of a master (PC), RTU / PLC slaves, field instruments
(sensors), and the communication-network hardware. The communication port,
baud rate, data bits, stop bits, and parity are set in the Modbus driver of the master
and / or the slaves. The CR800 supports RTU and ASCII communication modes
on RS-232 and RS485 connections. It exclusively uses the TCP mode on IP
connections.

Field instruments can be queried by the CR800. Because Modbus has a set
command structure, programming the CR800 to get data from field instruments is
much simpler than from serial sensors. Because Modbus uses a common bus and
addresses each node, field instruments are effectively multiplexed to a CR800
without additional hardware.

5.3.5.2 DNP3 — Overview

Related Topics:

• DNP3 — Overview (p. 79)

• DNP3 — Details (p. 436)

The CR800 supports DNP3 slave communications for inclusion in DNP3 SCADA
networks.

5.3.5.3 TCP/IP — Overview

Related Topics:

• TCP/IP — Overview

• TCP/IP — Details

• TCP/IP Links — List (p. 570)

The following TCP/IP protocols are supported by the CR800 when using network

(p. 570) that use the resident IP stack or when using a cell modem with the

links

PPP/IP key enabled. The following sections include information on some of
these protocols:

(p. 428)

Section 5. Overview

80

•

5.3.6 Comms Hardware — Overview

• DHCP

• DNS

• FTP

• HTML

• HTTP

•

• Micro-serial server

• Modbus TCP/IP

• NTCIP

• NTP

• POP3

• SMTP

• SNMP

• Telnet

• Web API

• XML

• UDP

• IPv4

• IPv6

•

• PakBus over TCP/IP

• Ping

The CR800 can accommodate, in one way or another, nearly all comms options.
Campbell Scientific specializes in RS-232, USB, RS-485, short haul (twisted
pairs), Wi-Fi, radio (single frequency and spread spectrum), land-line telephone,
cell phone / IP modem, satellite, ethernet/internet, and sneaker net (external
memory).

The most common comms hardware is an RS-232 cable or USB cable. These are
short-distance direct-connect devices that require no configuration of the CR800.
All other comms methods require peripheral devices; some require that CR800
settings be configured differently than the defaults.

5.3.7 Keyboard/Display — Overview

The CR1000KD Keyboard/Display is a powerful tool for field use. The
CR1000KD, illustrated in figure CR1000KD Keyboard/Display
separately from the CR800.

The keyboard/display is an essential installation, maintenance, and
troubleshooting tool for many applications. It allows interrogation and
configuration of the CR800 datalogger independent of other comms links. More
information on the use of the keyboard/display is available in Custom Menus —

Overview

(p. 82). The keyboard/display will not operate when a USB cable is

plugged into the USB port.

(p. 81), is purchased

Section 5. Overview

81

FIGURE 26: CR1000KD

Keyboard/Display

5.3.7.1 Integrated/Keyboard Display

The integrated keyboard display, illustrated in figure Wiring Panel (p. 37), is a
purchased option when buying a CR800 series datalogger.

5.3.7.2 Character Set

The keyboard display character set is accessed using one of the following three
procedures:

• The 16 keys default to ▲, ▼, ◄, ►, Home, PgUp, End, PgDn, Del,

and Ins.

• To enter numbers, first press Num Lock. Num Lock stays set until

pressed again.

• Above all keys, except Num Lock and Shift, are characters printed in

blue. To enter one of these characters, press Shift one to three times to
select the position of the character as shown above the key, then press the
key. For example, to enter Y, press Shift Shift Shift PgDn.

• To insert a space (Spc) or change case (Cap), press Shift one to two

times for the position, then press BkSpc.

• To insert a character not printed on the keyboard, enter Ins , scroll down

to Character, press Enter, then press ▲, ▼, ◄, ► to scroll to the
desired character in the list that is presented, then press Enter.

Section 5. Overview

82

5.3.7.3 Custom Menus — Overview

CRBasic programming in the CR800 facilitates creation of custom menus for the
CR1000KD Keyboard/Display.

Figure Custom Menu Example

(p. 82) shows windows from a simple custom menu

named DataView by the programmer. DataView appears in place of the default
main menu on the keyboard display. As shown, DataView has menu item
Counter, and submenus PanelTemps, TCTemps and System Menu. Counter
allows selection of one of four values. Each submenu displays two values from
CR800 memory. PanelTemps shows the CR800 wiring-panel temperature at each
scan, and the one-minute sample of panel temperature. TCTemps displays two
thermocouple temperatures.

FIGURE 27: Custom Menu Example

5.4 Measurement and Control Peripherals — Overview

Modules are available from Campbell Scientific to expand the number of
terminals on the CR800. These include:

Multiplexers

Multiplexers increase the input capacity of terminals configured for analog­input, and the output capacity of Vx excitation terminals.

SDM Devices

Serial Device for Measurement expand the input and output capacity of the
CR800. These devices connect to the CR800 through terminals C1, C2, and
C3.

Section 5. Overview

83

CDM Devices

Campbell Distributed Modules measurement and control modules that use

the high speed CAN Peripheral Interface (CPI) bus technology. These
connect through the SC-CPI interface.

5.5 Power Supplies — Overview

The CR800 is powered by a nominal 12 Vdc source. Acceptable power range is

9.6 to 16 Vdc.External power connects through the green POWER IN connector

on the face of the CR800. The positive power lead connects to 12V. The negative
lead connects to G. The connection is internally reverse-polarity protected.

The CR800 is internally protected against accidental polarity reversal on the
power inputs.

The CR800 has a modest-input power requirement. For example, in low-power
applications, it can operate for several months on non-rechargeable batteries.
Power systems for longer-term remote applications typically consist of a charging
source, a charge controller, and a rechargeable battery. When ac line power is
available, a Vac-to-Vac or Vac-to-Vdc wall adapter, a peripheral charging
regulator, and a rechargeable battery can be used to construct a UPS (un­interruptible power supply).

5.6 CR800 Setup — Overview

Related Topics:

• CR800 Setup — Overview (p. 83)

• CR800 Setup — Details (p. 102)

• Status, Settings, and Data Table Information (Info Tables and Settings)

(p. 527)

The CR800 is shipped factory-ready with an operating system (OS) installed.
Settings default to those necessary to communicate with a PC via RS-232 and to
accept and execute application programs. For more complex applications, some
settings may need adjustment. Settings can be changed with the following:

• DevConfig (Device Configuration Utility)

• CR1000KD Keyboard/Display

• Datalogger support software

OS files are sent to the CR800 with DevConfig or through the program Send
button in datalogger support software. When the OS is sent with DevConfig, most
settings are cleared, whereas, when sent with datalogger support software, most
settings are retained. Operating systems can also be transferred to the CR800 with
a Campbell Scientific mass storage device. OS and settings remain intact when
power is cycled.

OS updates are occasionally made available at www.campbellsci.com.

Section 5. Overview

84

5.7 CRBasic Programming — Overview

Related Topics:

• CRBasic Programming — Overview (p. 84)

• CRBasic Programming — Details (p. 119)

• Programming Resource Library (p. 171)

• CRBasic Editor Help

A CRBasic program directs the CR800 how and when sensors are to be measured,
calculations made, and data stored. A program is created on a PC and sent to the
CR800. The CR800 can store a number of programs in memory, but only one
program is active at a given time. Two Campbell Scientific software applications,
Short Cut and CRBasic Editor, are used to create CR800 programs.

• Short Cut creates a datalogger program and wiring diagram in four easy

steps. It supports most sensors sold by Campbell Scientific and is
recommended for creating simple programs to measure sensors and store
data.

• Programs generated by Short Cut are easily imported into CRBasic

Editor for additional editing. For complex applications, experienced

programmers often create essential measurement and data storage code
with Short Cut, then add more complex code with CRBasic Editor.

Note Once a Short Cut generated program has been edited with
CRBasic Editor, it can no longer be modified with Short Cut.

5.8 Security — Overview

The CR800 is supplied void of active security measures. By default, RS-232,
Telnet, FTP and HTTP services, all of which give high level access to CR800 data
and CRBasic programs, are enabled without password protection.

You may wish to secure your CR800 from mistakes or tampering. The following
may be reasons to concern yourself with datalogger security:

• Collection of sensitive data

• Operation of critical systems

• Networks accessible by many individuals

If you are concerned about security, especially TCP/IP threats, you should send
the latest operating system to the CR800, disable un-used services, and secure
those that are used. Security actions to take may include the following:

• Set passcode lockouts

• Set PakBus/TCP password

• Set FTP username and password

Section 5. Overview

85

• Set AES-128 PakBus encryption key

• Set .csipasswd file for securing HTTP and web API

• Track signatures

• Encrypt program files if they contain sensitive information

• Hide program files for extra protection

• Secure the physical CR800 and power supply under lock and key

Note All security features can be subverted through physical access to
the CR800. If absolute security is a requirement, the physical CR800 must
be kept in a secure location.

5.9 Maintenance — Overview

Related Topics:

• Maintenance — Overview (p. 85)

• Maintenance — Details

(p. 457)

With reasonable care, the CR800 should give many years of reliable service.

5.9.1 Protection from Moisture — Overview

Protection from Moisture — Overview (p. 85)
Protection from Moisture — Details (p. 102)
Protection from Moisture — Products (p. 580)

The CR800 and most of its peripherals must be protected from moisture. Moisture
in the electronics will seriously damage, and probably render un-repairable, the
CR800. Water can come in liquid form from flooding or sprinkler irrigation, but
most often it comes as condensation. In most cases, protection from water is
easily accomplished by placing the CR800 in a weather-tight enclosure with
desiccant and by elevating the enclosure above the ground. The CR800 is shipped
with internal desiccant packs to reduce humidity. Desiccant in enclosures should
be changed periodically.

Note Do not completely seal the enclosure if lead acid batteries are
present; hydrogen gas generated by the batteries may build up to an
explosive concentration.

5.9.2 Protection from Voltage Transients — Overview

The CR800 must be grounded to minimize the risk of damage by voltage
transients associated with power surges and lightning-induced transients. Earth
grounding is required to form a complete circuit for voltage clamping devices
internal to the CR800.

Section 5. Overview

86

5.9.3 Factory Calibration — Overview

5.9.4 Internal Battery — Overview

Related Topics

• Auto Self-Calibration — Overview (p. 89)

• Auto Self-Calibration — Details (p. 337)

• Auto Self-Calibration — Errors (p. 475)

• Offset Voltage Compensation (p. 323)

• Factory Calibration (p. 86)

• Factory Calibration or Repair Procedure (p. 461)

The CR800 uses an internal voltage reference to routinely calibrate itself.
Campbell Scientific recommends factory recalibration as specified in
Specifications

(p. 91). If calibration services are required, see Assistance (p. 5).

Related Topics:

• Internal Battery — Quickstart (p. 38)

• Internal Battery — Details

(p. 457)

Warning Misuse or improper installation of the internal lithium battery
can cause severe injury. Fire, explosion, and severe burns can result. Do
not recharge, disassemble, heat above 100 °C (212 °F), solder directly to
the cell, incinerate, or expose contents to water. Dispose of spent lithium
batteries properly.

The CR800 contains a lithium battery that operates the clock and powers SRAM
when the CR800 is not externally powered. Voltage of the battery is monitored
from the CR800 Status table (LithiumBattery
directed in Internal Battery — Details

(p. 457).

(p. 543)). Replace the battery as

The lithium battery is not rechargeable. Its design is one of the safest available
and uses lithium thionyl chloride technology. Maximum discharge current is
limited to a few mA. It is protected from discharging excessive current to the
internal circuits (there is no direct path outside) with a 100 ohm resistor. The
design is UL listed. See:

http://www.tadiran-batterie.de/download/eng/LBR06Eng.pdf.

5.10 Datalogger Support Software — Overview

Related Topics:

• Datalogger Support Software — Quickstart (p. 39)

• Datalogger Support Software — Overview

• Datalogger Support Software — Details

• Datalogger Support Software — Lists

(p. 86)

(p. 396)

(p. 571)

Section 5. Overview

87

Datalogger support software handles communication between a computer or
device and the CR800. A wide array of software are available, but the following
are the most commonly used:

• Short Cut Program Generator for Windows (SCWin) — Generates

simple CRBasic programs without the need to learn the CRBasic
programming language

• PC200W Datalogger Starter Software for Windows — Supports only

direct serial connection to the CR800 with hardwire or select Campbell
Scientific radios. It supports sending a CRBasic program, data collection,
and setting the CR800 clock; available at no charge at
www.campbellsci.com/downloads

• LoggerLink Mobile Apps — Simple tools that allow an iOS or Android

device to communicate with IP, Wi-Fi, or Bluetooth enabled CR800s;
includes most PC200W functionality.

• PC400 Datalogger Support Software — Includes PC200W functions,

CRBasic Editor, and supports all Campbell Scientific communications

hardware, except satellite, in attended mode

• LoggerNet Datalogger Support Software — Includes all PC400 functions

and supports all Campbell Scientific communication options, except
satellite, attended and automatically; includes many enhancements such
as graphical data displays and a display builder

Note More information about software available from Campbell Scientific
can be found at www.campbellsci.com.

5.11 PLC Control — Overview

Related Topics:

• PLC Control — Overview (p. 87)

• PLC Control Modules — Overview (p. 394)

• PLC Control Modules — Lists (p. 565)

• Switched Voltage Output — Specifications

• Switched Voltage Output — Overview

• Switched Voltage Output — Details (p. 388)

• Current Source and Sink Limits (p. 389)

The CR800 can control instruments and devices such as the following:

• Wireless cellular modem to conserve power.

(p. 59)

• GPS receiver to conserve power.

• Trigger a water sampler to collect a sample.

• Trigger a camera to take a picture.

• Activate an audio or visual alarm.

Section 5. Overview

88

• Move a head gate to regulate water flows in a canal system.

• Control pH dosing and aeration for water quality purposes.

• Control a gas analyzer to stop operation when temperature is too low.

• Control irrigation scheduling.

Controlled devices can be physically connected to C terminals, usually through an
external relay driver, or the SW12V

(p. 391) terminal. C terminals can be set low (0

Vdc) or high (5 Vdc) using PortSet() or WriteIO() instructions. Control modules
are available to expand and augment CR800 control capacity. On / off and
proportional control modules are available. See appendix PLC Control Modules

(p. 565).

— List

Tips for writing a control program:

• Short Cut programming wizard has provisions for simple on/off control.

• PID control can be done with the CR800.

Control decisions can be based on time, an event, or a measured condition.

Example:

In the case of a cell modem, control is based on time. The modem requires 12 Vdc
power, so connect its power wire to the CR800 SW12V terminal. The following
code snip turns the modem on for ten minutes at the top of the hour using the
TimeIntoInterval() instruction embedded in an If/Then logic statement:

If TimeIntoInterval( 0,60,Min) Then PortSet(9,1) 'Port “9” is

the SW12V Port. Turn phone on.

If TimeIntoInterval(10,60,Min) Then PortSet(9,0) 'Turn phone

off.

TimeIsBetween() returns TRUE if the CR800 real-time clock falls within the
specified range; otherwise, the function returns FALSE. Like
TimeIntoInterval(), TimeIsBetween() is often embedded in an If/Then logic
statement, as shown in the following code snip.

If TimeIsBetween(0,10,60,Min) Then

SW12(1) 'Turn phone on.

Else

SW12(0) 'Turn phone off.

EndIf

TimeIsBetween() returns TRUE for the entire interval specified whereas
TimeIntoInterval() returns TRUE only for the one scan that matches the interval

specified.

For example, using the preceding code snips, if the CRBasic program is sent to
the datalogger at one minute past the hour, the TimeIsBetween() instruction will

Section 5. Overview

89

evaluate as TRUE on its first scan. The TimeIntoInterval() instruction will
evaluate as TRUE at the top of the next hour (59 minutes later).

Note START is inclusive and STOP is exclusive in the range of time that
will return a TRUE result. For example: TimeIsBetween(0,10,60,Min) will
return TRUE at 8:00:00.00 and FALSE at 08:10:00.00.

5.12 Auto Self-Calibration — Overview

Related Topics

• Auto Self-Calibration — Overview (p. 89)

• Auto Self-Calibration — Details (p. 337)

• Auto Self-Calibration — Errors (p. 475)

• Offset Voltage Compensation (p. 323)

• Factory Calibration (p. 86)

• Factory Calibration or Repair Procedure (p. 461)

The CR800 auto self-calibrates to compensate for changes caused by changing
operating temperatures and aging. Disable auto self-calibration when it interferes
with execution of very fast programs and less accuracy can be tolerated.

5.13 Memory — Overview

Related Topics:

• Memory — Overview (p. 89)

• Memory — Details (p. 406)

• Data Storage Devices — List (p. 571)

• TABLE: Info Tables and Settings: Memory (p. 535)

The CR800 organizes memory as follows:

• OS Flash

o Operating system (OS)

o Serial number and board rev

o Boot code

o Erased when loading new OS (boot code only erased if changed)

• Serial Flash

o Device settings

o Write protected

o Non-volatile

Section 5. Overview

90

o CPU: drive

— Automatically allocated
— FAT32 file system
— Limited write cycles (100,000)
— Slow (serial access)

• Main Memory

o Battery backed

o OS variables

o CRBasic compiled program binary structure (490 KB maximum)

o CRBasic variables

o Data memory

o Communication memory

o USR: drive

— User allocated
— FAT32 RAM drive
— Photographic images (see Cameras — List

(p. 568))

— Data files from TableFile() instruction (TOA5, TOB1, CSIXML

and CSIJSON)

o Keep memory

(p. 503) (OS variables not initialized)

o Dynamic runtime memory allocation

Note CR800s with serial numbers smaller than 3605 were usually
supplied with only 2 MB of SRAM.

Memory for data can be increased with the addition of a mass storage device
(thumb drive) that connects to CS I/O. See Data Storage Devices — List

(p. 571)

for information on available memory expansion products.

By default, final-storage memory (memory for stored data) is organized as ring
memory. When the ring is full, oldest data are overwritten by newest data. The

DataTable() instruction, however, has an option to set a data table to Fill and
Stop.

91

6. Specifications

-- 8 10 30

CR800 specifications are valid from ─25° to 50°C in non-condensing environments unless otherwise specified. Recalibration is recommended every three years. Critical specifications and system

2.0 -- 8 10 30

PROGRAM EXECUTION RATE

Range (mV)1

DIFF

Res (μV)2

Basic
Res (μV)

±5000

±2.5

667

0.33

1333

0.67

Range overhead of ≈9% on all ranges guarantees full-scale

2

Resolution of DIFF measurements with input reversal.

---Total Time4---

Inte-

Code

Time

Time

SE

Rev

DIFF

Rev

250

_50Hz5

250 µs

20.00 ms

450 µs

3 ms

≈1 ms

≈25 ms

≈12 ms

≈50 ms

Includes 250 μs for conversion to engineering units.

5

AC line noise filter

Current

(VX 1–2)

±2.5 Vdc

0.67 mV

±25 mA

3.5.0 -- 8 10 30

PERIOD AVERAGE

Volt-

Input

Peak-Peak

Pulse

Max

age
Gain

Range
Code

Min
mV6

Max
V7

Width
µs

Freq
kHz8

1

100

mV250

mV2_5

500

2

10

2

2.5

100

200

5

Signal to be centered around Threshold (see PeriodAvg()

for 50% of duty cycle signals.

Sine wave (mV RMS)

Range (Hz)

20

5000

1.0 to 20

0.3 to 20,000

7.0 -- 8 10 30

DIGITAL I/O PORTS (C 1–4)

configurations should be confirmed with a Campbell Scientific sales engineer before purchase.

2.1 -- 8 10 30

10 ms to one day at 10 ms increments

3.0 -- 8 10 30

ANALOG INPUTS (SE 1–6, DIFF 1–3)

3.0.1 -- 8 10 30

Three differential (DIFF) or six single-ended (SE) individually
configured input channels. Channel expansion provided by optional
analog multiplexers.

3.1.0 -- 8 10 30

RANGES and RESOLUTION: With reference to the following

table, basic resolution (Basic Res) is the resolution of a single A/D
conversion. A DIFF measurement with input reversal has better
(finer) resolution by twice than Basic Res.

3.1.1 -- 8 10

±2500
±250
±25
±7.5

1

voltage will not cause over-range.

3.2 -- 8 10

ANALOG INPUT ACCURACY3:

±(0.06% of reading + offset
±(0.12% of reading + offset
±(0.18% of reading + offset

3.2.1 -- 8 10 30

Accuracy does not include sensor and measurement noise.

3

Offset definitions:

Offset = 1.5 x Basic Res + 1.0 µV (for DIFF measurement w/ input

reversal)

Offset = 3 x Basic Res + 2.0 µV (for DIFF measurement w/o input

reversal)

Offset = 3 x Basic Res + 3.0 µV (for SE measurement)

3.3 -- 8 10 30

ANALOG MEASUREMENT SPEED:

3.3.1 -- 8 10

gration
Type

_60Hz5

4

3.4 -- 8 10 30

3.4.1 -- 8 10 30

INPUT-NOISE VOLTAGE: For DIFF measurements with input

reversal on ±2.5 mV input range (digital resolution dominates for
higher ranges):

250 μs Integration: 0.34 μV RMS
50/60 Hz Integration: 0.19 μV RMS

3.4.2 -- 8 10 30

INPUT LIMITS: ±5 Vdc

3.4.3 -- 8 10 30

DC COMMON-MODE REJECTION: >100 dB

3.4.4 -- 8 10 30

NORMAL-MODE REJECTION: 70 dB @ 60 Hz when using 60

Hz rejection

3.4.5 -- 8 10 30

INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE W/O MEASUREMENT

CORRUPTION: ±8.6 Vdc max.

3.4.6 -- 8 10 30

SUSTAINED-INPUT VOLTAGE W/O DAMAGE: ±16 Vdc max

3.4.7 -- 8 10 30

INPUT CURRENT: ±1 nA typical, ±6 nA max. @ 50°C; ±90 nA

@ 85°C

3.4.8 -- 8 10 30

INPUT RESISTANCE: 20 GΩ typical

3.4.9 -- 8 10 30

ACCURACY OF BUILT-IN REFERENCE JUNCTION

THERMISTOR (for thermocouple measurements):
±0.3°C, -25° to 50°C
±0.8°C, -55° to 85°C (-XT only)

4.0 -- 8 10 30

ANALOG OUTPUTS (VX 1–2)

4.0.1 -- 8

Two switched voltage outputs sequentially active only during
measurement.

4.0.2 -- 8 10 30

RANGES AND RESOLUTION:

4.1 -- 8 10

Channel

4.2 -- 8 10

ANALOG OUTPUT ACCURACY (VX):

±(0.06% of setting + 0.8 mV, 0° to 40°C
±(0.12% of setting + 0.8 mV, -25° to 50°C
±(0.18% of setting + 0.8 mV, -55° to 85°C (-XT only)

4.4 -- 8 10 30

VX FREQUENCY SWEEP FUNCTION: Switched outputs

provide a programmable swept frequency, 0 to 2500 mV square
waves for exciting vibrating wire transducers.

Inte­gration

16.67 ms

Range

333

33.3

3.33

1.0

), 0° to 40°C

3

), -25° to 50°C

3

), -55° to 85°C (-XT only)

3

Settling

3 ms

Resolu­tion

667

66.7

6.7

2.0

with
no

≈20 ms

Source
/ Sink

with
Input

≈40 ms

3.5.0a -- 8 10 30

Any of the 6 SE analog inputs can be used for period averaging.

Accuracy is ±(0.01% of reading + resolution), where resolution is

136 ns divided by the specified number of cycles to be measured.
INPUT AMPLITUDE AND FREQUENCY:

3.5.1 -- 8 10

10
33

6

instruction).

Signal to be centered around ground.

7

The maximum frequency = 1/(twice minimum pulse width)

8

5.0 -- 8 10 30

RATIOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS

5.1 -- 8 10

MEASUREMENT TYPES: The CR800 provides ratiometric

resistance measurements using voltage excitation. Three switched
voltage excitation outputs are available for measurement of four­and six-wire full bridges, and two-, three-, and four-wire half
bridges. Optional excitation polarity reversal minimizes dc errors.

5.2 -- 8 10

RATIOMETRIC MEASUREMENT ACCURACY
Note Important assumptions outlined in footnote 9:

±(0.04% of Voltage Measurement + Offset12)

5.2.1 -- 8 10 30

Accuracy specification assumes excitation reversal for excitation

9

voltages < 1000 mV. Assumption does not include bridge resistor
errors and sensor and measurement noise.

Estimated accuracy, ∆X (where X is value returned from

11

measurement with Multiplier =1, Offset = 0):

BRHalf() Instruction: ∆X = ∆V1/VX.
BRFull() Instruction: ∆X = 1000 x ∆V1/VX, expressed as mV•V

.

1

Note ∆V1 is calculated from the ratiometric measurement

accuracy. See manual section Resistance Measurements
information.

Offset definitions:

12

Offset = 1.5 x Basic Res + 1.0 µV (for DIFF measurement w/ input

reversal)

Offset = 3 x Basic Res + 2.0 µV (for DIFF measurement w/o input

reversal)

Offset = 3 x Basic Res + 3.0 µV (for SE measurement)
Note Excitation reversal reduces offsets by a factor of two.

6.0 -- 8 10 30

PULSE COUNTERS (P 1–2)

6.0.1 -- 8 10 30

Two inputs individually selectable for switch closure, high­frequency pulse, or low-level ac. Independent 24-bit counters for
each input.

6.1 -- 8 10 30

MAXIMUM COUNTS PER SCAN: 16.7 x 106

6.2 -- 8 10 30

SWITCH CLOSURE MODE:

Minimum Switch Closed Time: 5 ms
Minimum Switch Open Time: 6 ms
Max. Bounce Time: 1 ms open without being counted

6.3 -- 8 10 30

HIGH-FREQUENCY PULSE MODE:

Maximum-Input Frequency: 250 kHz
Maximum-Input Voltage: ±20 V
Voltage Thresholds: Count upon transition from below 0.9 V to

above 2.2 V after input filter with 1.2 μs time constant.

6.4 -- 8 10 30

LOW-LEVEL AC MODE: Internal ac coupling removes dc offsets

up to ±0.5 Vdc.
Input Hysteresis: 12 mV RMS @ 1 Hz
Maximum ac-Input Voltage: ±20 V
Minimum ac-Input Voltage:

6.4.1 -- 8 10 30

200
2000

mV25
mV7_5

Signal

10
5

Min

2

10

2

62

0.5 to 200

0.3 to 10,000

9,11

50
8

for more

7.0.1 -- 8 10 30

Four ports software selectable as binary inputs or control outputs.
Provide on/off, pulse width modulation, edge timing, subroutine
interrupts / wake up, switch closure pulse counting, high-frequency
pulse counting, asynchronous communications (UARTs), and SDI­12 communications. SDM communications are also supported.

7.1 -- 8 10 30

LOW FREQUENCY MODE MAX: <1 kHz

7.2 -- 8 10 30

HIGH FREQUENCY MODE MAX: 400 kHz

7.3 -- 8 10 30

SWITCH-CLOSURE FREQUENCY MAX: 150 Hz

7.4 -- 8 10 30

EDGE-TIMING RESOLUTION: 540 ns

7.5 -- 8 10 30

OUTPUT VOLTAGES (no load): high 5.0 V ±0.1 V; low < 0.1 V

7.6 -- 8 10 30

OUTPUT RESISTANCE: 330 Ω

7.7 -- 8 10 30

INPUT STATE: high 3.8 to 16 V; low -8.0 to 1.2 V

7.8 -- 8 10 30

INPUT HYSTERISIS: 1.4 V

7.9 -- 8 10 30

INPUT RESISTANCE:

100 kΩ with inputs < 6.2 Vdc
220 Ω with inputs ≥ 6.2 Vdc

7.10 -- 8 10 30

SERIAL DEVICE / RS-232 SUPPORT: 0 to 5 Vdc UART

7.12 -- 8 10 30

SWITCHED 12 Vdc (SW12)

One independent 12 Vdc unregulated terminal switched on and off
under program control. Thermal fuse hold current = 900 mA at
20°C, 650 mA at 50°C, and 360 mA at 85°C.

8.0 -- 8 10 30

COMPLIANCE

8.1 -- 8 10 30

View the EU Declaration of Conf ormity at

www.campbellsci.com/cr 800

9.0 -- 8 10 30

COMMUNICATION

9.1 -- 8 10 30

RS-232 PORTS:

DCE nine-pin: (not electrically isolated) for computer connection

or connection of modems not manufactured by Campbell
Scientific.

COM1 to COM2: two independent Tx/Rx pairs on control ports

(non-isolated); 0 to 5 Vdc UART
Baud Rate: selectable from 300 bps to 115.2 kbps.
Default Format: eight data bits; one stop bits; no parity.
Optional Formats: seven data bits; two stop bits; odd, even parity.

9.2 -- 8 10 30

CS I/O PORT: Interface with comms peripherals manufactured by

-

Campbell Scientific.

9.3 -- 8 10 30

SDI-12: Digital control ports C1, C3 are individually configurable

and meet SDI-12 Standard v. 1.3 for datalogger mode. Up to ten
SDI-12 sensors are supported per port.

9.5 -- 8 10 30

PROTOCOLS SUPPORTED: PakBus, AES-128 Encrypted

PakBus, Modbus, DNP3, FTP, HTTP, XML, HTML, POP3,
SMTP, Telnet, NTCIP, NTP, web API, SDI-12, SDM.

10.0 -- 8 10 30

SYSTEM

10.1 -- 8 10 30

PROCESSOR: Renesas H8S 2322 (16-bit CPU with 32-bit internal

core running at 7.3 MHz)

10.2 -- 8 10 30

MEMORY: 2 MB of flash for operating system; 4 MB of battery-

backed SRAM for CPU, CRBasic programs, and data.

10.3 -- 8 10 30

REAL-TIME CLOCK ACCURACY: ±3 min. per year. Correction

via GPS optional.

10.4 -- 8 10 30

RTC CLOCK RESOLUTION: 10 ms

11.0 -- 8 10 30

SYSTEM POWER REQUIREMENTS

11.1 -- 8 10 30

VOLTAGE: 9.6 to 16 Vdc

11.2 -- 8 10

INTERNAL BATTERY: 1200 mAhr lithium battery for clock and

SRAM backup. Typically provides three years of back-up.

11.3 -- 8 10 30

EXTERNAL BATTERIES: Optional 12 Vdc nominal alkaline and

rechargeable available. Power connection is reverse polarity
protected.

11.4 -- 8 10 30

TYPICAL CURRENT DRAIN at 12 Vdc:

Sleep Mode: 0.7 mA typical; 0.9 mA maximum
1 Hz Sample Rate (one fast SE meas.): 1 mA
100 Hz Sample Rate (one fast SE meas.): 16 mA
100 Hz Sample Rate (one fast SE meas. with RS-232

communications): 28 mA
Active external keyboard display adds 7 mA (100 mA with

backlight on).

12.0 -- 8 10 30

PHYSICAL

12.1

DIMENSIONS: 241 x 104 x 51 mm (9.5 x 4.1 x 2 in.) ; additional

clearance required for cables and leads.

12.2

MASS / WEIGHT: 0.7 kg / 1.5 lbs

13.0

WARRANTY

13.1

Warranty is stated in the published price list and in opening pages
of this and other user manuals.

93

7. Installation

7.1 Enclosures — Details

Related Topics:

• Quickstart (p. 35)

• Specifications (p. 91)

• Installation (p. 93)

• Operation (p. 311)

Enclosures — Details (p. 93)
Enclosures — Products (p. 578)

Illustrated in figure Enclosure (p. 93) is the typical use of enclosures available from
Campbell Scientific designed for housing the CR800. This style of enclosure is
classified as NEMA 4X (watertight, dust-tight, corrosion-resistant, indoor and
outdoor use). Enclosures have back plates to which are mounted the CR800
datalogger and associated peripherals. Back plates are perforated on one-inch
centers with a grid of holes that are lined as needed with anchoring nylon inserts.
The CR800 base has mounting holes through which small screws are inserted into
the nylon anchors. Screws and nylon anchors are supplied in a kit that is included
with the enclosure.

FIGURE 28: Enclosure

Section 7. Installation

94

7.2 Power Supplies — Details

Related Topics:

• Power Input Terminals — Specifications

• Power Supplies — Quickstart

(p. 37)

• Power Supplies — Overview (p. 83)

• Power Supplies — Details (p. 94)

• Power Supplies — Products (p. 576)

• Power Sources (p. 95)

• Troubleshooting — Power Supplies (p. 477)

Reliable power is the foundation of a reliable data acquisition system. When
designing a power supply, consideration should be made regarding worst-case
power requirements and environmental extremes. For example, when designing a
solar power system, design it to operate with 14 days of reserve time at the winter
solstice when the following are limiting environmental factors:

• Sunlight intensity is the lowest

• Sunlight duration is the shortest

• Battery temperatures are the lowest

• System power requires are often the highest

The CR800 is internally protected against accidental polarity reversal on the
power inputs.

The CR800 has a modest-input power requirement. For example, in low-power
applications, it can operate for several months on non-rechargeable batteries.
Power systems for longer-term remote applications typically consist of a charging
source, a charge controller, and a rechargeable battery. When ac line power is
available, a Vac-to-Vac or Vac-to-Vdc wall adapter, a peripheral charging
regulator, and a rechargeable battery can be used to construct a UPS (un­interruptible power supply).

Caution Voltage levels at the 12V and switched SW12 terminals, and pin
8 on the CS I/O port, are tied closely to the voltage levels of the main
power supply. For example, if the power received at the POWER IN 12V
and G terminals is 16 Vdc, the 12V and SW12 terminals, and pin 8 on
the CS I/O port, will supply 16 Vdc to a connected peripheral. If the
connected peripheral or sensor is not designed for that voltage level, it
may be damaged.

7.2.1 CR800 Power Requirement

The CR800 operates with power from 9.6 to 16 Vdc applied at the POWER IN
terminals of the green connector on the face of the wiring panel.

The CR800 is internally protected against accidental polarity reversal on the
power inputs. A transient voltage suppressor (TVS) diode at the POWER IN 12V

Section 7. Installation

95

terminals provides protection from intermittent high voltages by clamping these
transients to within the range of 19 to 21 V. Sustained input voltages in excess of
19 V, can damage the TVS diode.

7.2.2 Calculating Power Consumption

System operating time for batteries can be determined by dividing the battery
capacity (ampere-hours) by the average system current drain (amperes). The
CR800 typically has a quiescent current drain of 0.5 mA (with display off) 0.6
mA with a 1 Hz sample rate, and >10 mA with a 100 Hz scan rate. When the
CR1000KD Keyboard/Display is active, an additional 7 mA is added to the
current drain while enabling the backlight for the display adds 100 mA.

7.2.3 Power Sources

Related Topics:

• Power Input Terminals — Specifications

• Power Supplies — Quickstart

• Power Supplies — Overview (p. 83)

• Power Supplies — Details (p. 94)

• Power Supplies — Products (p. 576)

• Power Sources (p. 95)

• Troubleshooting — Power Supplies (p. 477)

(p. 37)

Be aware that some Vac-to-Vdc power converters produce switching noise or ac

(p. 489)

ripple as an artifact of the ac-to-dc rectification process. Excessive
switching noise on the output side of a power supply can increase measurement
noise, and so increase measurement error. Noise from grid or mains power also
may be transmitted through the transformer, or induced electro-magnetically from
nearby motors, heaters, or power lines.

High-quality power regulators typically reduce noise due to power regulation.
Using the optional 50 Hz or 60 Hz rejection arguments for CRBasic analog input
measurement instructions (see Measurements — Details

(p. 311)) often improves

rejection of noise sourced from power mains. The CRBasic standard deviation
instruction, SDEV(), can be used to evaluate measurement noise.

The main power for the CR800 is provided by an external-power supply.

7.2.3.1 Vehicle Power Connections

If a CR800 is powered by a motor-vehicle power supply, a second power supply
may be needed. When starting the motor of the vehicle, battery voltage often
drops below the voltage required for CR800 operation. This may cause the CR800
to stop measurements until the voltage again equals or exceeds the lower limit. A
second supply can be provided to prevent measurement lapses during vehicle
starting. The figure Connecting to Vehicle Power Supply
second power supply is connected to the CR800. The diode OR connection causes
the supply with the largest voltage to power the CR800 and prevents the second
backup supply from attempting to power the vehicle.

(p. 96) illustrates how a

Section 7. Installation

96

7.2.4 Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)

FIGURE 29: Connecting to Vehicle Power Supply

A UPS (un-interruptible power supply) is often the best power source for long­term installations. An external UPS consists of a primary-power source, a
charging regulator external to the CR800, and an external battery. The primary
power source, which is often a transformer, power converter, or solar panel,
connects to the charging regulator, as does a nominal 12 Vdc sealed rechargeable
battery. A third connection connects the charging regulator to the 12V and G
terminals of the POWER IN connector..

7.2.5 External Power Supply Installation

When connecting external power to the CR800, remove the green POWER IN
connector from the CR800 face. Insert the positive 12 Vdc lead into the green
connector, then insert the negative lead. Re-seat the green connector into the
CR800. The CR800 is internally protected against reversed external-power
polarity. Should this occur, correct the wire connections and the CR800 will
resume operation.

7.2.6 External Alkaline Power Supply

If external alkaline power is used, the alkaline battery pack is connected directly
to the POWER IN 12V and G terminals. Voltage input range is 9.6 to 16 Vdc.

7.3 Grounding — Details

Grounding the CR800 with its peripheral devices and sensors is critical in all
applications. Proper grounding will ensure maximum ESD (electrostatic
discharge) protection and measurement accuracy.

Section 7. Installation

97

7.3.1 ESD Protection

Related Topics:

• ESD Protection (p. 97)

• Lightening Protection (p. 98)

ESD (electrostatic discharge) can originate from several sources, the most
common and destructive being lightning strikes. Primary lightning strikes hit the
CR800 or sensors directly. Secondary strikes induce a high voltage in power
lines or sensor wires.

The primary devices for protection against ESD are gas-discharge tubes (GDT).
All critical inputs and outputs on the CR800 are protected with GDTs or transient
voltage suppression diodes. GDTs fire at 150 V to allow current to be diverted to
the earth ground lug. To be effective, the earth ground lug must be properly
connected to earth (chassis) ground. As shown in figure Schematic of Grounds

signal grounds and power grounds have independent paths to the earth-ground

98),

lug.

Communication ports are another path for transients. You should provide
communication paths, such as telephone or short-haul modem lines, with spark­gap protection. Spark-gap protection is usually an option with these products, so
request it when ordering. Spark gaps must be connected to either the earth ground
lug, the enclosure ground, or to the earth (chassis) ground.

(p.

A good earth (chassis) ground will minimize damage to the datalogger and
sensors by providing a low-resistance path around the system to a point of low
potential. Campbell Scientific recommends that all dataloggers be earth (chassis)
grounded. All components of the system (dataloggers, sensors, external power
supplies, mounts, housings, etc.) should be referenced to one common earth
(chassis) ground.

In the field, at a minimum, a proper earth ground will consist of a five foot
copper-sheathed grounding rod driven into the earth and connected to the large
brass ground lug on the wiring panel with a 14 AWG wire. In low-conductive
substrates, such as sand, very dry soil, ice, or rock, a single ground rod will
probably not provide an adequate earth ground. For these situations, search for
published literature on lightning protection or contact a qualified lightning­protection consultant.

In vehicle applications, the earth ground lug should be firmly attached to the
vehicle chassis with 12 AWG wire or larger.

In laboratory applications, locating a stable earth ground is challenging, but still
necessary. In older buildings, new Vac receptacles on older Vac wiring may
indicate that a safety ground exists when, in fact, the socket is not grounded. If a
safety ground does exist, good practice dictates the verification that it carries no
current. If the integrity of the Vac power ground is in doubt, also ground the
system through the building plumbing, or use another verified connection to earth
ground.

Section 7. Installation

98

FIGURE 30: Schematic of Grounds

7.3.1.1 Lightning Protection

Related Topics:

• ESD Protection (p. 97)

• Lightening Protection (p. 98)

The most common and destructive ESDs are primary and secondary lightning
strikes. Primary lightning strikes hit instrumentation directly. Secondary strikes
induce voltage in power lines or wires connected to instrumentation. While
elaborate, expensive, and nearly infallible lightning protection systems are on the
market, Campbell Scientific, for many years, has employed a simple and
inexpensive design that protects most systems in most circumstances. The
system employs a lightening rod, metal mast, heavy-gage ground wire, and
ground rod to direct damaging current away from the CR800. This system,
however, not infallible. Figure Lightning Protection Scheme
a typical application of the system.

(p. 99) is a drawing of

Section 7. Installation

99

Note Lightning strikes may damage or destroy the CR800 and
associated sensors and power supplies.

In addition to protections discussed in , use of a simple lightning rod and low­resistance path to earth ground is adequate protection in many installations. .

FIGURE 31: Lightning Protection Scheme

7.3.2 Single-Ended Measurement Reference

Low-level, single-ended voltage measurements (<200 mV) are sensitive to ground
potential fluctuation due to changing return currents from 12V, SW12, 5V, and
C1 – C4 terminals. The CR800 grounding scheme is designed to minimize these

Section 7. Installation

100

fluctuations by separating signal grounds ( ) from power grounds (G). To take
advantage of this design, observe the following rules:

• Connect grounds associated with 12V, SW12, 5V, and C1 – C4

terminals to G terminals.

• Connect excitation grounds to the nearest terminal on the same

terminal block.

• Connect the low side of single-ended sensors to the nearest terminal

on the same terminal block.

• Connect shield wires to the terminal nearest the terminals to which

the sensor signal wires are connected.

Note Several ground wires can be connected to the same ground
terminal.

If offset problems occur because of shield or ground leads with large current flow,
tying the problem leads into terminals next to terminals configured for

excitation and pulse-count should help. Problem leads can also be tied directly to
the ground lug to minimize induced single-ended offset voltages.

7.3.3 Ground Potential Differences

Because a single-ended measurement is referenced to CR800 ground, any
difference in ground potential between the sensor and the CR800 will result in a
measurement error. Differential measurements MUST be used when the input
ground is known to be at a different ground potential from CR800 ground. See
the section Single-Ended Measurements — Details

Ground potential differences are a common problem when measuring full-bridge
sensors (strain gages, pressure transducers, etc), and when measuring
thermocouples in soil.

7.3.3.1 Soil Temperature Thermocouple

If the measuring junction of a thermocouple is not insulated when in soil or water,
and the potential of earth ground is, for example, 1 mV greater at the sensor than
at the point where the CR800 is grounded, the measured voltage is 1 mV greater
than the thermocouple output. With a copper-constantan thermocouple, 1 mV
equates to approximately 25 °C measurement error.

7.3.3.2 External Signal Conditioner

External instruments with integrated signal conditioners, such as an infrared gas
analyzer (IRGA), are frequently used to make measurements and send analog
information to the CR800. These instruments are often powered by the same
Vac-line source as the CR800. Despite being tied to the same ground,
differences in current drain and lead resistance result in different ground

(p. 350) for more information.