Campbell CR6 Series Operator's Manual

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OPERATOR'S MANUAL

Revision: 7/17

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CR6 Series Dataloggers

Campbell Scientific, Inc.

Warranty

The CR6 Measurement and Control Datalogger is warranted for three (3) years subject to this limited warranty:

Limited Warranty: Products manufactured by CSI are warranted by CSI to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service for twelve months from the date of shipment unless otherwise specified in the corresponding product manual. (Product manuals are available for review online at www.campbellsci.com.) Products not manufactured by CSI, but that are resold by CSI, are warranted only to the limits extended by the original manufacturer. Batteries, fine-wire thermocouples, desiccant, and other consumables have no warranty. CSI's obligation under this warranty is limited to repairing or replacing (at CSI's option) defective Products, which shall be the sole and exclusive remedy under this warranty. The Customer assumes all costs of removing, reinstalling, and shipping defective Products to CSI. CSI will return such Products by surface carrier prepaid within the continental United States of America. To all other locations, CSI will return such Products best way CIP (port of entry) per Incoterms ® 2010. This warranty shall not apply to any Products which have been subjected to modification, misuse, neglect, improper service, accidents of nature, or shipping damage. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied. The warranty for installation services performed by CSI such as programming to customer specifications, electrical connections to Products manufactured by CSI, and Product specific training, is part of CSI's product warranty. CSI EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS AND EXCLUDES ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. CSI hereby disclaims, to the fullest extent allowed by applicable law, any and all warranties and conditions with respect to the Products, whether express, implied or statutory, other than those expressly provided herein.

Assistance

Products may not be returned without prior authorization. The following contact information is for US and International customers residing in countries served by Campbell Scientific, Inc. directly. Affiliate companies handle repairs for customers within their territories. Please visit www.campbellsci.com to determine which Campbell Scientific company serves your country.

To obtain a Returned Materials Authorization (RMA), contact CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC., phone (435) 227-9000. After a support engineer determines the nature of the problem, an RMA number will be issued. Please write this number clearly on the outside of the shipping container. Campbell Scientific's shipping address is:

MPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.

RMA#_____

815 West 1800 North

Logan, Utah 84321-1784

For all returns, the customer must fill out a "Statement of Product Cleanliness and Decontamination" form and comply with the requirements specified in it. The form is available from our web site at www.campbellsci.com/repair. A completed form must be either emailed to repair@campbellsci.com or faxed to 435-227-9106. Campbell Scientific is unable to process any returns until we receive this form. If the form is not received within three days of product receipt or is incomplete, the product will be returned to the customer at the customer's expense. Campbell Scientific reserves the right to refuse service on products that were exposed to contaminants that may cause health or safety concerns for our employees.

Precautions

DANGER — MANY HAZARDS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INSTALLING, USING, MAINTAINING, AND WORKING ON OR AROUND TRIPODS, TOWERS, AND ANY ATTACHMENTS TO TRIPODS AND TOWERS SUCH AS SENSORS, CROSSARMS, ENCLOSURES, ANTENNAS, ETC. FAILURE TO PROPERLY AND COMPLETELY ASSEMBLE, INSTALL, OPERATE, USE, AND MAINTAIN TRIPODS, TOWERS, AND ATTACHMENTS, AND FAILURE TO HEED WARNINGS, INCREASES THE RISK OF DEATH, ACCIDENT, SERIOUS INJURY, PROPERTY DAMAGE, AND PRODUCT FAILURE. TAKE ALL REASONABLE PRECAUTIONS TO AVOID THESE HAZARDS. CHECK WITH YOUR ORGANIZATION'S SAFETY COORDINATOR (OR POLICY) FOR PROCEDURES AND REQUIRED PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PRIOR TO PERFORMING ANY WORK.

Use tripods, towers, and attachments to tripods and towers only for purposes for which they are designed. Do not exceed design limits. Be familiar and comply with all instructions provided in product manuals. Manuals are available at www.campbellsci.com or by telephoning 435-227-9000 (USA). You are responsible for conformance with governing codes and regulations, including safety regulations, and the integrity and location of structures or land to which towers, tripods, and any attachments are attached. Installation sites should be evaluated and approved by a qualified engineer. If questions or concerns arise regarding installation, use, or maintenance of tripods, towers, attachments, or electrical connections, consult with a licensed and qualified engineer or electrician.

General

• Prior to performing site or installation work, obtain required approvals

and permits. Comply with all governing structure-height regulations, such as those of the FAA in the USA.

• Use only qualified personnel for installation, use, and maintenance of

tripods and towers, and any attachments to tripods and towers. The use of licensed and qualified contractors is highly recommended.

• Read all applicable instructions carefully and understand procedures

thoroughly before beginning work.

• Wear a hardhat and eye protection, and take other appropriate safety

precautions while working on or around tripods and towers.

• Do not climb tripods or towers at any time, and prohibit climbing by

other persons. Take reasonable precautions to secure tripod and tower sites from trespassers.

• Use only manufacturer recommended parts, materials, and tools.

Utility and Electrical

• You can be killed or sustain serious bodily injury if the tripod, tower, or

attachments you are installing, constructing, using, or maintaining, or a tool, stake, or anchor, come in contact with overhead or underground utility lines.

• Maintain a distance of at least one-and-one-half times structure height, or

20 feet, or the distance required by applicable law, whichever is greater, between overhead utility lines and the structure (tripod, tower, attachments, or tools).

• Prior to performing site or installation work, inform all utility companies

and have all underground utilities marked.

• Comply with all electrical codes. Electrical equipment and related

grounding devices should be installed by a licensed and qualified electrician.

Elevated Work and Weather

• Exercise extreme caution when performing elevated work.

• Use appropriate equipment and safety practices.

• During installation and maintenance, keep tower and tripod sites clear of

un-trained or non-essential personnel. Take precautions to prevent elevated tools and objects from dropping.

• Do not perform any work in inclement weather, including wind, rain,

snow, lightning, etc.

Maintenance

• Periodically (at least yearly) check for wear and damage, including

corrosion, stress cracks, frayed cables, loose cable clamps, cable tightness, etc. and take necessary corrective actions.

• Periodically (at least yearly) check electrical ground connections.

WHILE EVERY ATTEMPT IS MADE TO EMBODY THE HIGHEST DEGREE OF SAFETY IN ALL CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTS, THE CUSTOMER ASSUMES ALL RISK FROM ANY INJURY RESULTING FROM IMPROPER INSTALLATION, USE, OR MAINTENANCE OF TRIPODS, TOWERS, OR ATTACHMENTS TO TRIPODS AND TOWERS SUCH AS SENSORS, CROSSARMS, ENCLOSURES, ANTENNAS, ETC.

1. Introduction .............................................................. 33

1.1 HELLO ................................................................................................. 33

1.2 Typography ........................................................................................... 34

1.3 Capturing CRBasic Code ...................................................................... 34

2. Precautions .............................................................. 35

3. Initial Inspection ....................................................... 37

4. Quickstart ................................................................. 39

4.1 Sensors — Quickstart ......................................................................... 39

4.2 Datalogger — Quickstart ...................................................................... 40

4.2.1 CR6 Module ................................................................................ 40

4.2.1.1 Wiring Panel — Quickstart................................................ 40

4.3 Power Supplies — Quickstart ................................................................ 41

4.3.1 Internal Battery — Quickstart ..................................................... 42

4.3.2 Internal Voltage Regulator / Battery Charger — Quickstart ....... 42

4.4 Data Retrieval and Comms — Quickstart ............................................ 43

4.5 Datalogger Support Software — Quickstart ......................................... 44

4.6 Tutorial: Measuring a Thermocouple ................................................... 45

4.6.1 What You Will Need ................................................................... 45

4.6.2 Hardware Setup ........................................................................... 45

4.6.2.1 Connect Comms ................................................................ 46

4.6.3 PC200W Software Setup ............................................................. 46

4.6.4 Write CRBasic Program with Short Cut ..................................... 47

4.6.4.1 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 1 to 5) ................................... 48

4.6.4.2 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 6 to 7) ................................... 48

4.6.4.3 Procedure: (Short Cut Step 8) ............................................ 49

4.6.4.4 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 9 to 12) ................................. 50

4.6.4.5 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 13 to 14) ............................... 50

4.6.5 Send Program and Collect Data .................................................. 51

4.6.5.1 Procedure: (PC200W Step 1)............................................. 51

4.6.5.2 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 2 to 4) .................................... 52

4.6.5.3 Procedure: (PC200W Step 5)............................................. 53

4.6.5.4 Procedure: (PC200W Step 6)............................................. 54

4.6.5.5 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 7 to 10) .................................. 55

4.6.5.6 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 11 to 12) ................................ 56

4.6.5.7 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 13 to 14) ................................ 56

4.7 Data Acquisition Systems — Quickstart .............................................. 57

5. Overview ................................................................... 59

5.1 Datalogger — Overview ....................................................................... 60

5.1.1 Wiring Panel — Overview .......................................................... 61

5.1.1.1 Switched Voltage Output — Overview ............................. 65

5.1.1.2 Voltage and Current Excitation — Overview ................. 66

5.1.1.3 Power Terminals ................................................................ 67

5.1.1.3.1 Power In Terminals ................................................. 67

5.1.1.3.2 Power Out Terminals .............................................. 67

Table of Contents

5.1.1.4 Communication Ports — Overview ................................... 67

5.1.1.4.1 CS I/O Port .............................................................. 68

5.1.1.4.2 RS-232 Ports ........................................................... 69

5.1.1.4.3 USB Port ................................................................. 69

5.1.1.4.4 Micro SD Card Slot ................................................. 69

5.1.1.4.5 SDI-12 Ports ............................................................ 69

5.1.1.4.6 SDM Port ................................................................ 70

5.1.1.4.7 CPI Port and CDM Devices — Overview ............... 70

5.1.1.4.8 Ethernet Port ............................................................ 70

5.1.1.5 Grounding — Overview .................................................... 70

5.2 Measurements — Overview ................................................................... 71

5.2.1 Time Keeping — Overview ........................................................ 71

5.2.2 Analog Measurements — Overview ........................................... 71

5.2.2.1 Voltage Measurements — Overview ................................. 72

5.2.2.1.1 Single-Ended Measurements — Overview ............. 73

5.2.2.1.2 Differential Measurements — Overview ................ 74

5.2.2.2 Current Measurements — Overview ................................. 75

5.2.2.3 Resistance Measurements — Overview ............................ 75

5.2.2.3.1 Voltage Excitation ................................................... 75

5.2.2.3.2 Current Excitation ................................................... 77

5.2.2.4 Strain Measurements — Overview .................................... 78

5.2.3 Pulse Measurements — Overview .............................................. 78

5.2.3.1 Pulses Measured ................................................................ 78

5.2.3.2 Pulse Input Channels ......................................................... 79

5.2.3.3 Pulse Sensor Wiring .......................................................... 79

5.2.4 Period Averaging — Overview ................................................... 81

5.2.5 Vibrating Wire Measurements — Overview ............................... 81

5.2.5.1 VSPECT Quickstart ........................................................... 82

5.2.6 Reading Smart Sensors — Overview .......................................... 82

5.2.6.1 SDI-12 Sensor Support — Overview ................................ 83

5.2.6.2 RS-232 — Overview ......................................................... 83

5.2.6.3 RS-485 — Overview ......................................................... 84

5.2.7 Field Calibration — Overview .................................................... 84

5.2.8 Cabling Effects — Overview ...................................................... 85

5.2.9 Synchronizing Measurements — Overview ................................ 85

5.2.9.1 Synchronizing Measurements in the CR6 — Overview .... 85

5.2.9.2 Synchronizing Measurements in a Datalogger

Network — Overview ............................................................... 85

5.3 Data Retrieval and Comms — Overview ............................................. 85

5.3.1 Data File Formats in CR6 Memory ............................................. 86

5.3.2 Data Format on Computer ........................................................... 86

5.3.3 Mass-Storage Device................................................................... 86

5.3.4 Memory Card (CRD: Drive) — Overview .................................. 86

5.3.4.1 Comms ............................................................................... 87

5.3.4.2 Direct with Adapter to PC ................................................. 87

5.3.5 Comms Protocols ........................................................................ 87

5.3.5.1 PakBus Comms — Overview ............................................ 87

5.3.6 Alternate Comms Protocols — Overview ................................... 88

5.3.6.1 Modbus — Overview ........................................................ 88

5.3.6.2 DNP3 — Overview ........................................................... 89

5.3.6.3 TCP/IP — Overview.......................................................... 89

5.3.6.4 SPI — Overview ................................................................ 90

5.3.6.5 I2C — Overview ............................................................... 90

5.3.7 Comms Hardware — Overview .................................................. 90

5.3.8 Keyboard/Display — Overview .................................................. 90

Table of Contents

5.3.8.1 Character Set ..................................................................... 91

5.3.8.2 Custom Menus — Overview ............................................. 91

5.4 Measurement and Control Peripherals — Overview ............................ 92

5.5 Power Supplies — Overview ................................................................ 93

5.5.1 Charging Batteries — Overview ................................................. 93

5.6 CR6 Setup — Overview ....................................................................... 93

5.7 CRBasic Programming — Overview ................................................... 94

5.8 Security — Overview ........................................................................... 94

5.9 Maintenance — Overview .................................................................... 95

5.9.1 Protection from Moisture — Overview....................................... 95

5.9.2 Protection from Voltage Transients — Overview ....................... 95

5.9.3 Factory Calibration — Overview ................................................ 96

5.9.4 Internal Battery — Overview ...................................................... 96

5.10 Datalogger Support Software — Overview ........................................ 97

5.11 PLC Control — Overview .................................................................. 97

5.12 Auto Self-Calibration — Overview .................................................... 99

5.13 Memory — Overview ......................................................................... 99

6. Specifications .......................................................... 101

6.1 Programmable Terminals — Specifications ....................................... 101

6.1.1 Analog Function: Input — Specifications ................................. 101

6.1.1.1 Basic Voltage Measurements — Specifications .............. 102

6.1.1.2 Thermocouple Measurements — Specifications ............. 105

6.1.1.3 Thermistor Measurements — Specifications ................... 106

6.1.1.4 Resistance Measurements — Specifications ................... 106

6.1.1.5 Static Vibrating Wire Measurements — Specifications .. 107

6.1.1.6 Period Average Measurements — Specifications ......... 107

6.1.2 Analog Function: Output — Specifications .............................. 108

6.1.2.1 Voltage and Current Excitation — Specifications ........... 108

6.1.3 Logic Levels — Specifications ................................................. 109

6.1.4 Pulse Counting Function — Specifications ............................... 110

6.1.5 Digital I/O Function: Input — Specifications ........................... 112

6.1.5.1 State — Specifications ..................................................... 112

6.1.5.2 Edge Timing — Specifications ........................................ 113

6.1.5.3 Edge Counting — Specifications ..................................... 113

6.1.5.4 Interrupt — Specifications ............................................... 113

6.1.6 Digital I/O Function: Output — Specifications ........................ 113

6.1.6.1 Control (Switched-Voltage Output) — Specifications .... 114

6.1.6.2 Pulse Width Modulation — Specifications ..................... 114

6.1.7 Digital I/O Function: Communications — Specifications ........ 114

6.2 Dedicated Communication Terminals — Specifications .................... 116

6.2.1 Wi-Fi — Specifications ............................................................. 117

6.3 Communications — Specifications .................................................... 117

6.3.1 Communication Protocols — Specifications ............................ 119

6.3.2 Proven Communication Interfaces — Specifications ................ 121

6.4 Data Retrieval — Specifications ......................................................... 121

6.5 Power Input Terminals — Specifications ........................................... 122

6.5.1 Power Requirements — Specifications ..................................... 123

6.6 Power Output Terminals — Specifications ......................................... 124

6.7 Omnibus Current Source and Sink Limits — Specifications.............. 124

6.8 Ground Terminals — Specifications .................................................. 128

6.9 Status Lights — Specifications ........................................................... 129

6.10 Memory — Specifications ................................................................ 130

6.11 Auto Self-Calibration — Specifications ........................................... 130

Table of Contents

6.12 Security — Specifications ................................................................ 130

6.13 Special Features — Specifications .................................................... 131

6.14 System — Specifications .................................................................. 131

6.15 Physical — Specifications ................................................................ 131

6.16 Compliance — Specifications........................................................... 131

6.17 Configuration — Specifications ....................................................... 132

6.18 Programming — Specifications ........................................................ 133

6.19 Maintenance — Specifications ......................................................... 134

6.20 Measurement and Control Peripherals — Specifications ................. 134

6.21 Support Software — Specifications .................................................. 134

7. Installation ............................................................... 137

7.1 Enclosures — Details.......................................................................... 137

7.2 Power Supplies — Details .................................................................. 138

7.2.1 Calculating Power Consumption ............................................... 139

7.2.2 Power Sources ........................................................................... 139

7.2.2.1 Vehicle Power Connections ............................................. 140

7.2.3 Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) ....................................... 141

7.2.4 External Alkaline Power Supply ............................................... 141

7.3 Grounding — Details .......................................................................... 141

7.3.1 ESD Protection .......................................................................... 142

7.3.1.1 Lightning Protection ........................................................ 143

7.3.2 Single-Ended Measurement Reference ..................................... 144

7.3.3 Ground Potential Differences .................................................... 145

7.3.3.1 Soil Temperature Thermocouple ..................................... 145

7.3.3.2 External Signal Conditioner ............................................ 145

7.3.4 Ground Looping in Ionic Measurements ................................... 146

7.4 Protection from Moisture — Details ................................................... 147

7.5 CR6 Setup — Details .......................................................................... 147

7.5.1 Tools — Setup........................................................................... 148

7.5.1.1 DevConfig — Setup Tools .............................................. 148

7.5.1.2 Network Planner — Setup Tools ..................................... 149

7.5.1.2.1 Overview — Network Planner .............................. 150

7.5.1.2.2 Basics — Network Planner ................................... 151

7.5.1.3 Info Tables and Settings — Setup Tools ......................... 152

7.5.1.4 CRBasic Program — Setup Tools ................................... 153

7.5.1.5 Executable CPU: Files — Setup Tools ............................ 153

7.5.1.5.1 Default.CR6 File ................................................... 154

7.5.1.5.2 "Include" File ........................................................ 154

7.5.1.5.3 Executable File Run Priorities ............................... 158

7.5.2 Setup Tasks ............................................................................... 158

7.5.2.1 On-Board Wi-Fi ............................................................... 159

7.5.2.2 Operating System (OS) — Details ................................... 175

7.5.2.2.1 OS Update with DevConfig Send OS Tab ............ 175

7.5.2.2.2 OS Update with File Control ................................. 176

7.5.2.2.3 OS Update with Send Program Command ............ 177

7.5.2.2.4 OS Update with External Memory and

PowerUp.ini File.............................................. 179

7.5.2.3 Factory Defaults — Installation ....................................... 180

7.5.2.4 Saving and Restoring Configurations — Installation ...... 180

7.6 CRBasic Programming — Details ........................................................ 180

7.6.1 Program Structure ..................................................................... 181

7.6.2 Writing and Editing Programs ................................................... 183

7.6.2.1 Short Cut Programming Wizard ...................................... 183

Table of Contents

7.6.2.2 CRBasic Editor ................................................................ 183

7.6.2.2.1 Inserting Comments into Program ........................ 184

7.6.2.2.2 Conserving Program Memory ............................... 184

7.6.3 Programming Syntax ................................................................. 185

7.6.3.1 Program Statements ......................................................... 185

7.6.3.1.1 Multiple Statements on One Line .......................... 185

7.6.3.1.2 One Statement on Multiple Lines .......................... 185

7.6.3.2 Single-Statement Declarations......................................... 186

7.6.3.3 Declaring Variables ......................................................... 186

7.6.3.3.1 Declaring Data Types ............................................ 187

7.6.3.3.2 Dimensioning Numeric Variables ......................... 192

7.6.3.3.3 Dimensioning String Variables ............................. 192

7.6.3.3.4 Declaring Flag Variables ....................................... 193

7.6.3.4 Using Variable Pointers ................................................... 194

7.6.3.5 Declaring Arrays .............................................................. 194

7.6.3.5.1 Advanced Array Declaration ................................. 195

7.6.3.6 Declaring Local and Global Variables............................. 196

7.6.3.7 Initializing Variables ....................................................... 197

7.6.3.8 Declaring Constants ......................................................... 197

7.6.3.8.1 Predefined Constants ............................................. 198

7.6.3.9 Declaring Aliases and Units ............................................ 199

7.6.3.10 Numerical Formats......................................................... 199

7.6.3.11 Multi-Statement Declarations ........................................ 200

7.6.3.11.1 Declaring Data Tables ......................................... 201

7.6.3.11.2 Declaring Subroutines ......................................... 208

7.6.3.11.3 Declaring Subroutines ......................................... 209

7.6.3.11.4 Declaring Incidental Sequences .......................... 209

7.6.3.12 Execution and Task Priority .......................................... 210

7.6.3.12.1 Pipeline Mode ..................................................... 211

7.6.3.12.2 Sequential Mode.................................................. 212

7.6.3.13 Execution Timing .......................................................... 213

7.6.3.13.1 Scan() / NextScan ................................................ 213

7.6.3.13.2 SlowSequence / EndSequence ............................ 214

7.6.3.13.3 SubScan() / NextSubScan ................................... 215

7.6.3.13.4 Scan Priorities in Sequential Mode ..................... 215

7.6.3.14 Programming Instructions ............................................. 217

7.6.3.14.1 Measurement and Data Storage Processing ........ 217

7.6.3.14.2 Argument Types .................................................. 218

7.6.3.14.3 Names in Arguments ........................................... 218

7.6.3.15 Expressions in Arguments ............................................. 219

7.6.3.16 Programming Expression Types .................................... 220

7.6.3.16.1 Floating-Point Arithmetic ................................... 220

7.6.3.16.2 Arithmetic Operations ......................................... 222

7.6.3.16.3 Expressions with Numeric Data Types ............... 222

7.6.3.16.4 Logical Expressions ............................................ 224

7.6.3.16.5 String Expressions ............................................... 227

7.6.3.17 Programming Access to Data Tables ............................. 228

7.6.3.18 Programming to Use Signatures .................................... 230

7.6.3.19 Functions (with a capital F) ........................................... 230

7.6.4 Sending CRBasic Programs ...................................................... 231

7.6.4.1 Preserving Data at Program Send .................................... 231

7.7 Programming Resource Library.......................................................... 232

7.7.1 Advanced Programming Techniques ........................................ 232

7.7.1.1 Capturing Events ............................................................. 232

7.7.1.2 Conditional Output .......................................................... 234

Table of Contents

7.7.1.3 Groundwater Pump Test .................................................. 234

7.7.1.4 Miscellaneous Features .................................................... 237

7.7.1.5 PulseCountReset Instruction ............................................ 239

7.7.1.6 Scaling Array ................................................................... 240

7.7.1.7 Signatures: Example Programs ........................................ 241

7.7.1.7.1 Text Signature ....................................................... 241

7.7.1.7.2 Binary Runtime Signature ..................................... 241

7.7.1.7.3 Executable Code Signatures .................................. 241

7.7.1.8 Use of Multiple Scans ...................................................... 242

7.7.2 Data Input: Loading Large Data Sets ........................................ 243

7.7.3 Data Input: Array-Assigned Expression .................................... 244

7.7.4 Data Output: Calculating Running Average .............................. 248

7.7.5 Data Output: Two Intervals in One Data Table ......................... 252

7.7.6 Data Output: Triggers and Omitting Samples ........................... 253

7.7.7 Data Output: Using Data Type Bool8 ....................................... 254

7.7.8 Data Output: Using Data Type NSEC .................................... 259

7.7.8.1 NSEC Options ................................................................. 259

7.7.9 Data Output: Wind Vector ........................................................ 262

7.7.9.1 OutputOpt Parameters ..................................................... 263

7.7.9.2 Wind Vector Processing .................................................. 263

7.7.9.2.1 Measured Raw Data .............................................. 264

7.7.9.2.2 Calculations ........................................................... 265

7.7.10 Data Output: Writing High-Frequency Data to Memory

Cards ................................................................................... 268

7.7.10.1 TableFile() with Option 64 ............................................ 269

7.7.10.2 TableFile() with Option 64 Replaces CardOut()............ 269

7.7.10.3 TableFile() with Option 64 Programming ..................... 270

7.7.10.4 TableFile() with Option 64 Q & A ................................ 270

7.7.11 Displaying Data: Custom Menus — Details ........................... 273

7.7.12 Field Calibration — Details .................................................... 280

7.7.12.1 Field Calibration CAL Files .......................................... 280

7.7.12.2 Field Calibration Programming ..................................... 281

7.7.12.3 Field Calibration Wizard Overview ............................... 281

7.7.12.4 Field Calibration Numeric Monitor Procedures ............. 281

7.7.12.4.1 One-Point Calibrations (Zero or Offset) .............. 282

7.7.12.4.2 Two-Point Calibrations (gain and offset) ............ 283

7.7.12.4.3 Zero Basis Point Calibration ............................... 283

7.7.12.5 Field Calibration Examples ........................................... 283

7.7.12.5.1 FieldCal() Zero or Tare (Opt 0) Example ............ 284

7.7.12.5.2 FieldCal() Offset (Opt 1) Example ...................... 286

7.7.12.5.3 FieldCal() Slope and Offset (Opt 2) Example ..... 289

7.7.12.5.4 FieldCal() Slope (Opt 3) Example ....................... 291

7.7.12.5.5 FieldCal() Zero Basis (Opt 4) Example ............... 294

7.7.12.6 Field Calibration Strain Examples ................................. 296

7.7.12.6.1 FieldCalStrain() Shunt Calibration Concepts ...... 297

7.7.12.6.2 FieldCalStrain() Shunt Calibration Example ....... 297

7.7.12.6.3 FieldCalStrain() Quarter-Bridge Shunt

Example ........................................................... 299

7.7.12.6.4 FieldCalStrain() Quarter-Bridge Zero ................. 300

7.7.13 Measurement: Fast Analog Voltage ........................................ 301

7.7.13.1 Tips — Fast Analog Voltage ......................................... 305

7.7.14 Measurement: Excite, Delay, Measure .................................... 307

7.7.15 Serial I/O: SDI-12 Sensor Support — Details ......................... 308

7.7.15.1 SDI-12 Transparent Mode ............................................. 308

7.7.15.1.1 SDI-12 Transparent Mode Commands ................ 309

Table of Contents

7.7.15.2 SDI-12 Recorder Mode ................................................. 314

7.7.15.2.1 Alternate Start Concurrent Measurement

Command ........................................................ 316

7.7.15.2.2 SDI-12 Extended Command Support .................. 320

7.7.15.3 SDI-12 Sensor Mode ..................................................... 321

7.7.15.4 SDI-12 Power Considerations ....................................... 323

7.7.16 Compiling: Conditional Code ................................................. 324

7.7.17 Measurement: RTD, PRT, PT100, PT1000 ............................ 326

7.7.17.1 Measurement Theory (PRT) .......................................... 327

7.7.17.2 General Procedure (PRT) .............................................. 328

7.7.17.3 Example: 100 Ω PRT in Four-Wire Half Bridge with

Voltage Excitation (PT100 / BrHalf4W() ) .................. 330

7.7.17.4 Example: 100 Ω PRT in Three-Wire Half Bridge with

Voltage Excitation (PT100 / BrHalf3W() ) .................. 334

7.7.17.5 Example: 100 Ω PRT in Four-Wire Full Bridge with

Voltage Excitation (PT100 / BrFull() ) ........................ 338

7.7.17.6 Example: 100 Ω PRT in Four-Wire Basic Circuit

(PT100 / Basic Resistance() )....................................... 343

7.7.17.7 Example: 100 Ω PRT in Four-Wire Full Bridge with

Current Excitation (PT100 / Full-Bridge

Resistance()) ................................................................ 349

7.7.17.8 PRT Callendar-Van Dusen Coefficients ........................ 353

7.7.17.9 Self-Heating and Resolution .......................................... 356

7.7.18 Serial I/O: Capturing Serial Data ............................................ 356

7.7.18.1 Introduction ................................................................... 357

7.7.18.2 I/O Ports ........................................................................ 358

7.7.18.3 Protocols ........................................................................ 358

7.7.18.4 Glossary of Serial I/O Terms ......................................... 359

7.7.18.5 Serial I/O CRBasic Programming ................................. 361

7.7.18.5.1 Serial I/O Programming Basics ........................... 361

7.7.18.5.2 Serial I/O Input Programming Basics ................. 363

7.7.18.5.3 Serial I/O Output Programming Basics ............... 364

7.7.18.5.4 Serial I/O Translating Bytes ................................ 365

7.7.18.5.5 Serial I/O Memory Considerations...................... 366

7.7.18.5.6 Serial I/O Example I ............................................ 367

7.7.18.6 Serial I/O Application Testing ....................................... 368

7.7.18.6.1 Configure HyperTerminal ................................... 369

7.7.18.6.2 Create Send-Text File ......................................... 371

7.7.18.6.3 Create Text-Capture File ..................................... 371

7.7.18.6.4 Serial I/O Example II .......................................... 371

7.7.18.7 Serial I/O Q & A ............................................................ 377

7.7.19 String Operations .................................................................... 379

7.7.19.1 String Operators ............................................................. 380

7.7.19.2 String Concatenation ..................................................... 381

7.7.19.3 String NULL Character ................................................. 383

7.7.19.4 Inserting String Characters ............................................ 384

7.7.20 Subroutines ............................................................................. 384

8. Operation ................................................................ 387

8.1 Measurements — Details .................................................................... 387

8.1.1 Time Keeping — Details .......................................................... 387

8.1.1.1 Time Stamps .................................................................... 387

8.1.2 Analog Measurements — Details ............................................. 389

8.1.2.1 Voltage Measurement Quality ......................................... 390

Table of Contents

8.1.2.2 Thermocouple Measurements — Details......................... 405

8.1.2.3 Resistance Measurements — Details ............................... 406

8.1.2.3.1 Ac Excitation ......................................................... 410

8.1.2.3.2 Accuracy — Resistance Measurements ................ 410

8.1.2.4 Auto Self-Calibration — Details ..................................... 412

8.1.2.4.1 Auto Self-Calibration Process ............................... 412

8.1.2.5 Strain Measurements — Details ...................................... 413

8.1.2.6 Current Measurements — Details.................................... 415

8.1.2.7 Voltage Measurements — Details ................................... 415

8.1.2.7.1 Voltage Measurement Limitations ........................ 415

8.1.2.7.2 Voltage Measurement Mechanics ......................... 418

8.1.2.7.3 Voltage Measurement Quality............................... 423

8.1.3 Pulse Measurements — Details ................................................. 438

8.1.3.1 Pulse Measurement Terminals ......................................... 441

8.1.3.2 Low-Level Ac Measurements — Details ........................ 441

8.1.3.3 High-Frequency Measurements ....................................... 442

8.1.3.3.1 Frequency Resolution ............................................ 442

8.1.3.3.2 Frequency Measurement Q & A ........................... 443

8.1.3.4 Switch Closure and Open-Collector Measurements ........ 443

8.1.3.5 Edge Timing .................................................................... 444

8.1.3.6 Edge Counting ................................................................. 444

8.1.3.7 Timer Input on I/O NAN Conditions ............................... 444

8.1.3.8 Pulse Measurement Tips .................................................. 445

8.1.3.8.1 Pay Attention to Specifications ............................. 446

8.1.3.8.2 Input Filters and Signal Attenuation...................... 446

8.1.4 Vibrating Wire Measurements — Details ................................. 447

8.1.4.1 VSPECT Measurements .................................................. 447

8.1.4.1.1 VSPECT Quickstart .............................................. 448

8.1.4.1.2 Static VSPECT Measurement Theory ................... 449

8.1.4.1.3 VSPECT Connections ........................................... 456

8.1.4.1.4 VSPECT Programming ......................................... 456

8.1.5 Period Averaging — Details ..................................................... 465

8.1.6 Reading Smart Sensors — Details ............................................ 466

8.1.6.1 RS-232 and TTL — Details ............................................. 466

8.1.6.2 RS-485 — Overview ..................................................... 467

8.1.6.3 SDI-12 Sensor Support — Details ................................... 469

8.1.7 Field Calibration — Overview .................................................. 469

8.1.8 Cabling Effects — Details ......................................................... 470

8.1.8.1 Analog Sensor Cabling .................................................... 470

8.1.8.2 Current Excitation Cabling .............................................. 470

8.1.8.3 Pulse Sensor Cabling ....................................................... 470

8.1.8.4 RS-232 Sensor Cabling .................................................... 470

8.1.8.5 SDI-12 Sensor Cabling .................................................... 470

8.1.9 Synchronizing Measurements — Details .................................. 471

8.1.9.1 Synchronizing Measurement in the CR6 — Details ........ 471

8.1.9.2 Synchronizing Measurements in a Datalogger

Network — Details ...................................................... 471

8.2 Switched-Voltage Output — Details .................................................. 473

8.2.1 Switched-Voltage Excitation ..................................................... 473

8.2.2 Switched-Current Excitation ..................................................... 474

8.2.3 Continuous-Unregulated Voltage (12V Terminal) .................... 474

8.2.4 Switched-Unregulated Voltage (SW12 Terminal) .................... 474

8.3 PLC Control — Details....................................................................... 475

8.3.1 Terminals Configured for Control ............................................. 476

8.4 Measurement and Control Peripherals — Details ............................... 476

Table of Contents

8.4.1 Analog Input Modules............................................................... 477

8.4.2 Analog Output Modules ............................................................ 477

8.4.3 PLC Control Modules — Overview .......................................... 477

8.4.3.1 Relays and Relay Drivers ................................................ 477

8.4.3.2 Component-Built Relays ................................................. 478

8.4.4 Pulse Input Modules .................................................................. 479

8.4.4.1 Low-Level Ac Input Modules — Overview .................... 479

8.4.5 Serial I/O Modules — Details ................................................... 479

8.4.6 Terminal-Input Modules ........................................................... 479

8.4.7 Vibrating Wire Modules ........................................................... 479

8.5 Datalogger Support Software — Details ............................................ 480

8.6 Program and OS File Compression Q and A ...................................... 481

8.7 Security — Details .............................................................................. 483

8.7.1 Vulnerabilities ........................................................................... 484

8.7.2 Pass-Code Lockout ................................................................... 485

8.7.2.1 Pass-Code Lockout By-Pass ............................................ 487

8.7.3 Passwords .................................................................................. 487

8.7.3.1 .csipasswd ........................................................................ 487

8.7.3.2 PakBus Instructions ......................................................... 487

8.7.3.3 TCP/IP Instructions ......................................................... 488

8.7.3.4 Settings — Passwords ..................................................... 488

8.7.4 File Encryption .......................................................................... 488

8.7.5 Communication Encryption ...................................................... 489

8.7.6 Hiding Files ............................................................................... 489

8.7.7 Signatures .................................................................................. 489

8.7.8 Read Only Variables ................................................................. 489

8.8 Memory — Details ............................................................................. 490

8.8.1 Storage Media ........................................................................... 490

8.8.1.1 Memory Drives — On-Board .......................................... 493

8.8.1.1.1 Data Table SRAM ................................................. 493

8.8.1.1.2 CPU: Drive ............................................................ 494

8.8.1.1.3 USR: Drive ............................................................ 494

8.8.1.1.4 USB: Drive ............................................................ 495

8.8.1.2 Memory Card (CRD: Drive) ............................................ 495

8.8.2 Data File Formats ...................................................................... 497

8.8.3 Memory Cards and Record Numbers ........................................ 500

8.8.4 Resetting the CR6 ..................................................................... 502

8.8.4.1 Full Memory Reset .......................................................... 502

8.8.4.2 Program Send Reset......................................................... 503

8.8.4.3 Manual Data-Table Reset ................................................ 503

8.8.4.4 Formatting Drives ............................................................ 503

8.8.5 File Management in CR6 Memory ............................................ 503

8.8.5.1 File Attributes .................................................................. 505

8.8.5.2 Files Manager .................................................................. 506

8.8.5.3 Data Preservation ............................................................. 507

8.8.5.4 Powerup.ini File — Details ............................................. 508

8.8.5.4.1 Creating and Editing Powerup.ini ......................... 509

8.8.5.5 File Management Q & A ................................................. 512

8.8.6 File Names ................................................................................ 512

8.8.7 File System Errors ..................................................................... 512

8.8.8 Memory Q & A ......................................................................... 514

8.9 Data Retrieval and Comms — Details ................................................ 514

8.9.1 Protocols ................................................................................... 514

8.9.2 Conserving Bandwidth .............................................................. 514

8.9.3 Initiating Comms (Callback) ..................................................... 515

Table of Contents

8.9.4 On-Board Wi-Fi — Details ....................................................... 516

8.10 Alternate Comms Protocols .............................................................. 516

8.10.1 TCP/IP — Details ................................................................... 517

8.10.1.1 FYIs — OS2; OS28 ....................................................... 517

8.10.1.2 DHCP ............................................................................ 518

8.10.1.3 DNS ............................................................................... 518

8.10.1.4 FTP Server ..................................................................... 518

8.10.1.5 FTP Client ..................................................................... 518

8.10.1.6 HTTP Web Server ......................................................... 519

8.10.1.6.1 Default HTTP Web Server .................................. 519

8.10.1.6.2 Custom HTTP Web Server.................................. 519

8.10.1.7 HTTPS ........................................................................... 522

8.10.1.8 Micro-Serial Server ....................................................... 523

8.10.1.9 Modbus TCP/IP ............................................................. 523

8.10.1.10 PakBus Over TCP/IP and Callback ............................. 523

8.10.1.11 Ping (IP) ....................................................................... 523

8.10.1.12 SNMP 523

8.10.1.13 Telnet 524

8.10.1.14 SMTP 524

8.10.1.15 Web API ...................................................................... 524

8.10.1.16 Web API — Details ..................................................... 524

8.10.2 DNP3 — Details ..................................................................... 525

8.10.3 Modbus — Details .................................................................. 525

8.10.3.1 Modbus Terminology .................................................... 525

8.10.3.1.1 Glossary of Modbus Terms ................................. 526

8.10.3.2 Programming for Modbus .............................................. 527

8.10.3.2.1 Declarations (Modbus Programming) ................. 527

8.10.3.2.2 CRBasic Instructions (Modbus) .......................... 527

8.10.3.2.3 Addressing (ModbusAddr) .................................. 528

8.10.3.2.4 Supported Modbus Function Codes .................... 528

8.10.3.2.5 Reading Inverse Format Modbus Registers......... 529

8.10.3.2.6 Timing ................................................................. 529

8.10.3.3 Troubleshooting (Modbus) ............................................ 530

8.10.3.4 Modbus over IP ............................................................. 530

8.10.3.5 Modbus Security ............................................................ 530

8.10.3.6 Modbus Over RS-232 7/E/1 .......................................... 531

8.10.3.7 Converting Modbus 16-Bit to 32-Bit Longs .................. 531

8.11 Keyboard/Display — Details ............................................................ 532

8.11.1 Character Set ........................................................................... 533

8.11.2 Data Display ............................................................................ 535

8.11.2.1 Real-Time Tables and Graphs ....................................... 536

8.11.2.2 Real-Time Custom ......................................................... 536

8.11.2.3 Final-Storage Data ......................................................... 538

8.11.3 Run/Stop Program ................................................................... 539

8.11.4 File Management ..................................................................... 540

8.11.4.1 File Edit ......................................................................... 540

8.11.5 PCCard (Memory Card) Management .................................... 542

8.11.6 Port Status and Status Table .................................................... 543

8.11.7 Settings .................................................................................... 544

8.11.7.1 CR1000KD: Set Time / Date ......................................... 544

8.11.7.2 CR1000KD: PakBus Settings ........................................ 544

8.11.8 Configure Display ................................................................... 545

8.12 CPI Port and CDM Devices — Details ............................................. 545

Table of Contents

9. Maintenance — Details .......................................... 547

9.1 Protection from Moisture — Details .................................................. 547

9.2 Internal Battery — Details .................................................................. 547

9.2.1 Replacing the Internal Battery ................................................ 548

9.3 Factory Calibration or Repair Procedure ............................................ 550

10. Troubleshooting ................................................... 553

10.1 Troubleshooting — Essential Tools ................................................. 553

10.2 Troubleshooting — Basic Procedure ................................................ 553

10.3 Troubleshooting — Error Sources .................................................... 554

10.4 Troubleshooting — Status Table ...................................................... 555

10.5 Troubleshooting — CRBasic Programs ............................................ 555

10.5.1 Program Does Not Compile .................................................... 555

10.5.2 Program Compiles / Does Not Run Correctly ......................... 556

10.5.3 NAN and ±INF ........................................................................ 556

10.5.3.1 Measurements and NAN ............................................... 556

10.5.3.1.1 Voltage Measurements ........................................ 557

10.5.3.1.2 SDI-12 Measurements ......................................... 557

10.5.3.2 Floating-Point Math, NAN, and ±INF ........................... 557

10.5.3.3 Data Types, NAN, and ±INF ......................................... 557

10.5.3.4 Output Processing and NAN ......................................... 559

10.5.4 Status Table as Debug Resource ............................................. 560

10.5.4.1 CompileResults .............................................................. 560

10.5.4.2 SkippedScan .................................................................. 562

10.5.4.3 SkippedSystemScan....................................................... 562

10.5.4.4 SkippedRecord .............................................................. 562

10.5.4.5 ProgErrors...................................................................... 562

10.5.4.6 MemoryFree .................................................................. 562

10.5.4.7 VarOutOfBounds ........................................................... 563

10.5.4.8 Watchdog Errors ............................................................ 563

10.5.4.8.1 Status Table WatchdogErrors .............................. 564

10.5.4.8.2 Watchdoginfo.txt File ......................................... 564

10.6 Troubleshooting — Operating Systems ............................................ 564

10.7 Troubleshooting — Auto Self-Calibration Errors ............................ 565

10.8 Troubleshooting — Communications ............................................... 565

10.8.1 RS-232 .................................................................................... 565

10.8.2 Communicating with Multiple PCs ......................................... 566

10.8.3 Comms Memory Errors ........................................................... 566

10.9 Troubleshooting — Power Supplies ................................................. 566

10.9.1 Troubleshooting Power Supplies — Overview ....................... 566

10.10 Troubleshooting — Using Terminal Mode ..................................... 567

10.10.1 Serial Talk Through and Comms Watch ............................... 569

10.11 Troubleshooting — Using Logs ..................................................... 570

10.12 Troubleshooting — Data Recovery ................................................ 570

10.13 Troubleshooting — Miscellaneous Errors ...................................... 571

10.13.1 Voltage Calibration Error! .................................................... 571

10.14 Troubleshooting — Rebooting ....................................................... 571

11. Glossary ............................................................... 573

11.1 Terms ................................................................................................ 573

11.2 Concepts ........................................................................................... 609

11.2.1 Accuracy, Precision, and Resolution ....................................... 609

Table of Contents

12. Attributions ........................................................... 611

Appendices

A. Info Tables and Settings ....................................... 613

A.1 Info Tables and Settings Directories .................................................. 615

A.1.1.1 Info Tables and Settings: Frequently Used ..................... 616

A.1.1.2 Info Tables and Settings: Keywords ............................... 617

A.1.1.3 Info Tables and Settings: Accessed by Keyboard/

Display ......................................................................... 618

A.1.1.4 Info Tables and Settings: Communications .................... 621

A.1.1.5 Info Tables and Settings: Programming.......................... 622

A.1.1.6 Info Tables and Settings: Other ...................................... 622

A.2 Info Tables and Settings Descriptions ............................................... 624

B. Serial Port Pinouts ................................................ 643

B.1 CS I/O Communication Port .............................................................. 643

B.2 RS-232 Communication Port ............................................................. 644

B.2.1 Pin Outs .................................................................................... 644

B.2.2 Power States ............................................................................. 645

C. FP2 Data Format .................................................... 647

D. Endianness ............................................................ 649

E. Supporting Products — List ................................. 651

E.1 Dataloggers — List ............................................................................ 651

E.2 Measurement and Control Peripherals — List ................................... 652

E.3 Sensor-Input Modules — List ............................................................ 652

E.3.1 Analog Input Modules — List .................................................. 652

E.3.2 Pulse Input Modules — List ..................................................... 652

E.3.3 Serial I/O Modules — List ........................................................ 653

E.3.4 Vibrating Wire Input Modules — List ...................................... 653

E.3.5 Passive Signal Conditioners — List ......................................... 653

E.3.5.1 Resistive-Bridge TIM Modules — List ........................... 654

E.3.5.2 Voltage Divider Modules — List .................................... 654

E.3.5.3 Current-Shunt Modules — List ....................................... 654

E.3.5.4 Transient Voltage Suppressors — List ............................ 655

E.3.6 Terminal Strip Covers — List .................................................. 655

E.4 PLC Control Modules — Lists ........................................................... 655

E.4.1 Digital-I/O Modules — List ..................................................... 655

E.4.2 Continuous-Analog Output (CAO) Modules — List ................ 656

E.4.3 Relay-Drivers — List................................................................ 656

E.4.4 Current-Excitation Modules — List ......................................... 657

E.5 Sensors — Lists .................................................................................. 657

E.5.1 Wired-Sensor Types — List ..................................................... 657

E.5.2 Wireless-Network Sensors — List ............................................ 658

E.6 Cameras — List .................................................................................. 658

E.7 Data Retrieval and Comms Peripherals — List .................................. 659

E.7.1 Keyboard/Display — List ......................................................... 659

Table of Contents

E.7.2 Hardwire, Single-Connection Comms Devices — List .......... 660

E.7.3 Hardwire, Networking Devices — List .................................. 660

E.7.4 TCP/IP Links — List .............................................................. 660

E.7.5 Telephone Modems — List .................................................... 661

E.7.6 Private-Network Radios — List ............................................. 661

E.7.7 Satellite Transceivers — List.................................................. 661

E.8 Data Storage Devices — List ............................................................... 661

E.9 Datalogger Support Software — List ................................................... 662

E.9.1 Starter Software — List .......................................................... 662

E.9.2 Datalogger Support Software — List ..................................... 663

E.9.2.1 LoggerNet Suite — List ................................................... 664

E.9.3 Software Tools — List ........................................................... 665

E.9.4 Software Development Kits — List ....................................... 666

E.10 Power Supplies — List .................................................................. 666

E.10.1 Battery / Regulator Combinations — List .............................. 667

E.10.2 Batteries — List ...................................................................... 667

E.10.3 Regulators — List ................................................................... 668

E.10.4 Primary Power Sources — List .............................................. 668

E.10.5 24 Vdc Power Supply Kits — List ......................................... 668

E.11 Enclosures — List ......................................................................... 669

E.12 Tripods, Towers, and Mounts — List ............................................ 669

E.13 Protection from Moisture — List .................................................. 670

Index ............................................................................. 671

List of Figures

FIGURE 1: Wiring Panel .............................................................................. 41

FIGURE 2: PC200W Main Window............................................................. 46

FIGURE 3: Short Cut Temperature Sensor Folder ....................................... 48

FIGURE 4: Short Cut Wiring Diagram Tab ................................................. 49

FIGURE 5: Short Cut Outputs Tab ............................................................... 50

FIGURE 6: Short Cut Compile Confirmation Window and Results Tab ..... 51

FIGURE 7: PC200W Main Window............................................................. 52

FIGURE 8: PC200W Monitor Data Tab – Public Table ............................... 53

FIGURE 9: PC200W Monitor Data Tab — Public and OneMin Tables ...... 54

FIGURE 10: PC200W Collect Data Tab ...................................................... 54

FIGURE 11: PC200W View Data Utility ..................................................... 55

FIGURE 12: PC200W View Data Table ...................................................... 56

FIGURE 13: PC200W View Line Graph ...................................................... 57

FIGURE 14: Data Acquisition System Components .................................... 58

FIGURE 15: Data Acquisition System — Overview .................................... 60

FIGURE 16: Wiring Panel ............................................................................ 62

FIGURE 17: Control and Monitoring with U or C Terminals ...................... 66

FIGURE 18: Analog Sensor Wired to Single-Ended Channel #1 ................. 73

FIGURE 19: Analog Sensor Wired to Differential Channel #1 .................... 73

FIGURE 20: Half-Bridge Wiring Example — Wind Vane Potentiometer ... 76

FIGURE 21: Full-Bridge Wiring Example — Pressure Transducer ............. 77

FIGURE 22: Pulse Sensor Output Signal Types ........................................... 79

FIGURE 23: Pulse Input Wiring Example — Anemometer ......................... 80

FIGURE 24: VSPECT Vibrating Wire Measurement Wiring ...................... 82

FIGURE 25: Terminals Configurable for RS-232 Input ............................... 84

FIGURE 26: CR1000KD Keyboard/Display ................................................ 91

FIGURE 27: Custom Menu Example ........................................................... 92

Table of Contents

FIGURE 28: Drive Capacity for CR6 C Terminals, 5 Vdc Logic Level ..... 125

FIGURE 29: Drive Capacity for CR6 C Terminals, 3.3 Vdc Logic

Level .................................................................................................... 125

FIGURE 30: Drive Capacity for CR6 Odd U Terminals, 5 Vdc Logic

Level .................................................................................................... 126

FIGURE 31: Drive Capacity for CR6 Odd U Terminals, 3.3 Vdc Logic

Level .................................................................................................... 126

FIGURE 32: Drive Capacity for CR6 Even U Terminals, 5 Vdc Logic

Level .................................................................................................... 127

FIGURE 33: Drive Capacity for CR6 Even U Terminals, 3.3 Vdc Logic

Level .................................................................................................... 127

FIGURE 34: Enclosure ............................................................................... 138

FIGURE 35: Connecting to Vehicle Power Supply .................................... 141

FIGURE 36: Schematic of Grounds ............................................................ 143

FIGURE 37: Lightning Protection Scheme ................................................. 144

FIGURE 38: Model of a Ground Loop with a Resistive Sensor ................. 147

FIGURE 39: Device Configuration Utility (DevConfig) ............................ 149

FIGURE 40: Network Planner Setup .......................................................... 150

FIGURE 41: "Include" File Settings With DevConfig................................ 156

FIGURE 42: "Include" File Settings With PakBusGraph ........................... 156

FIGURE 43: Summary of CR6 Configuration ............................................ 180

FIGURE 44: Sequential-Mode Scan Priority Flow Diagrams .................... 217

FIGURE 45: CRBasic Editor Program Send File Control window............. 232

FIGURE 46: Running-Average Frequency Response ................................. 251

FIGURE 47: Running-Average Signal Attenuation .................................... 251

FIGURE 48: Data from TrigVar Program................................................... 254

FIGURE 49: Alarms Toggled in Bit Shift Example.................................... 256

FIGURE 50: Bool8 Data from Bit Shift Example (Numeric Monitor) ....... 256

FIGURE 51: Bool8 Data from Bit Shift Example (PC Data File) .............. 257

FIGURE 52: Input Sample Vectors ............................................................. 265

FIGURE 53: Mean Wind-Vector Graph ..................................................... 266

FIGURE 54: Standard Deviation of Direction ............................................ 267

FIGURE 55: Standard Deviation of Direction ............................................ 267

FIGURE 56: Custom Menu Example — Home Screen .............................. 274

FIGURE 57: Custom Menu Example — View Data Window .................... 275

FIGURE 58: Custom Menu Example — Make Notes Sub Menu ............... 275

FIGURE 59: Custom Menu Example — Predefined Notes Pick List ......... 275

FIGURE 60: Custom Menu Example — Free Entry Notes Window .......... 276

FIGURE 61: Custom Menu Example — Accept / Clear Notes Window .... 276

FIGURE 62: Custom Menu Example — Control Sub Menu ...................... 276

FIGURE 63: Custom Menu Example — Control LED Pick List ............... 277

FIGURE 64: Custom Menu Example — Control LED Boolean Pick

List ....................................................................................................... 277

FIGURE 65: Quarter-Bridge Strain Gage with RC Resistor Shunt ............ 298

FIGURE 66: Strain Gage Shunt Calibration Start ....................................... 299

FIGURE 67: Strain Gage Shunt Calibration Finish .................................... 300

FIGURE 68: Zero Procedure Start .............................................................. 300

FIGURE 69: Zero Procedure Finish ............................................................ 300

FIGURE 70: Entering SDI-12 Transparent Mode ....................................... 309

FIGURE 71: PT100 BrHalf4W() Four-Wire Half-Bridge Schematic ......... 330

FIGURE 72: PT100 BrHalf3W() Three-Wire Half-Bridge Schematic ....... 334

FIGURE 73: PT100 BrFull() Four-Wire Full-Bridge Schematic ................ 338

FIGURE 74: PT100 Resistance() Basic-Circuit Schematic ........................ 344

FIGURE 75: PT100 Resistance() Basic-Circuit Series Schematic .............. 348

FIGURE 76: PT100 Resistance() Four-Wire Full-Bridge Schematic ......... 349

Table of Contents

FIGURE 77: HyperTerminal New Connection Description ....................... 369

FIGURE 78: HyperTerminal Connect-To Settings ..................................... 369

FIGURE 79: HyperTerminal COM Port Settings Tab: Click File |

Properties | Settings | ASCII Setup... and set as shown. ....................... 370

FIGURE 80: HyperTerminal ASCII Setup ................................................. 370

FIGURE 81: HyperTerminal Send-Text File Example ............................... 371

FIGURE 82: HyperTerminal Text-Capture File Example .......................... 371

FIGURE 83: Normalized Sinc Frequency Response .................................. 392

FIGURE 84: Input voltage rise and transient decay .................................... 393

FIGURE 85: Settling Time for Pressure Transducer .................................. 395

FIGURE 86: Example voltage measurement accuracy band, including

the effects of percent of reading and offset, for a differential

measurement with input reversal at a temperature between –40 to

70 °C. ................................................................................................... 404

FIGURE 87: PGIA with Input Signal Decomposition ................................ 418

FIGURE 88: Simplified voltage measurement sequence. Because the

CR6 uses digital signal processing (DSP) to make voltage

measurements, integration and A to D measurement are actually

combined functions. Effective integration time equals 1/fN1, fN1

being the "digital filter" entered into the measurement instruction. ..... 419

FIGURE 89: Programmable Gain Input Amplifier (PGIA): H to V+, L

to V–, VH to V+, VL to V– correspond to text. ................................... 420

FIGURE 90: Normalized Sinc Frequency Response .................................. 425

FIGURE 91: Input voltage rise and transient decay .................................... 426

FIGURE 92: Settling Time for Pressure Transducer .................................. 429

FIGURE 93: Example voltage measurement accuracy band, including

the effects of percent of reading and offset, for a differential

measurement with input reversal at a temperature between –40 to

70 °C. ................................................................................................... 437

FIGURE 94: Pulse Sensor Output Signal Types ......................................... 440

FIGURE 95: Switch Closure Pulse Sensor ................................................. 440

FIGURE 96: Terminals Configurable for Pulse Input ................................ 440

FIGURE 97: Amplitude reduction of pulse count waveform (before and

after 1 µs µs time-constant filter) ......................................................... 446

FIGURE 98: Vibrating Wire Sensor ........................................................... 447

FIGURE 99: VSPECT Vibrating Wire Measurement Wiring .................... 449

FIGURE 100: Unconditioned Time Domain Data ...................................... 450

FIGURE 101: VSPECT Data ...................................................................... 450

FIGURE 102: Narrow Sweep, Low Noise .................................................. 452

FIGURE 103: Wide Sweep, Low Noise ..................................................... 453

FIGURE 104: Narrow Sweep, High Noise ................................................. 454

FIGURE 105: Wide Sweep, High Noise ..................................................... 455

FIGURE 106: Vibrating Wire Sensor Calibration Report ........................... 459

FIGURE 107: Error from thermistor wire resistance. Computed for a

two-wire thermistor embedded in a vibrating wire sensor.

Thermistor lead-wire resistance is 16 Ω per 1000 feet; size is 22

AWG. Shows error increasing with cable temperature and length. ... 462

FIGURE 108: Error from thermistor wire resistance on 1000 ft

(304.8 m) of cable. Computed for a two-wire thermistor

embedded in a vibrating wire sensor. Thermistor lead wire

resistance is 16 Ω per foot; size is 22 AWG.. Shows error

increasing with cable temperature. ....................................................... 462

FIGURE 109: Error from thermistor wire resistance on 3000 ft

(914.4 m) of cable. Computed for a two-wire thermistor

embedded in a vibrating wire sensor. Thermistor lead wire

Table of Contents

resistance is 16 Ω per foot; size is 22 AWG. Shows error

increasing with cable temperature. ....................................................... 462

FIGURE 110: Error from thermistor wire resistance on 5000 ft

(1524 m) of cable. Computed for a two-wire thermistor

embedded in a vibrating wire sensor. Thermistor lead wire

resistance is 16 Ω per foot; size is 22 AWG. Shows error

increasing with cable temperature. ....................................................... 463

FIGURE 111: Input Conditioning Circuit for Period Averaging ................ 466

FIGURE 112: Circuit to Limit C Terminal Input to 5 Vdc ......................... 467

FIGURE 113: Setting Up RS-485 Ports with DevConfig ........................... 468

FIGURE 114: Current-Limiting Resistor in a Rain Gage Circuit ............... 470

FIGURE 115: Relay Driver Circuit with Relay .......................................... 478

FIGURE 116: Power Switching without Relay ........................................... 478

FIGURE 117: Preconfigured HTML Home Page ....................................... 519

FIGURE 118: Home Page Created Using WebPageBegin() Instruction..... 520

FIGURE 119: Customized Numeric-Monitor Web Page ............................ 521

FIGURE 120: CR1000KD: Navigation....................................................... 534

FIGURE 121: CR1000KD: Displaying Data .............................................. 535

FIGURE 122: CR1000KD Real-Time Tables and Graphs.[ Note that

when graphing points as 50 ms the CR6 will miss the ESC character. 536

FIGURE 123: CR1000KD Real-Time Custom ........................................... 537

FIGURE 124: CR1000KD: Final Storage Data .......................................... 538

FIGURE 125: CR1000KD: Run/Stop Program .......................................... 539

FIGURE 126: CR1000KD: File Management ............................................ 540

FIGURE 127: CR1000KD: File Edit .......................................................... 541

FIGURE 128: CR1000KD: PCCard (Memory Card) Management ............ 542

FIGURE 129: CR1000KD: Port Status and Status Table ........................... 543

FIGURE 130: CR1000KD: Settings ........................................................... 544

FIGURE 131: CR1000KD: Configure Display ........................................... 545

FIGURE 132: Remove Retention Screws ................................................... 548

FIGURE 133: Separate Back Shell from Module ....................................... 549

FIGURE 134: Disconnect Battery Connector ............................................. 549

FIGURE 135: Remove and Replace Battery ............................................... 550

FIGURE 136: DevConfig Terminal Tab ..................................................... 569

FIGURE 137: Relationships of Accuracy, Precision, and Resolution ........ 610

List of Tables

TABLE 1: PC200W EZSetup Wizard Prompts ............................................ 47

TABLE 2: CR6 Wiring Panel Terminal Definitions ..................................... 62

TABLE 3: Other Wiring Panel Features ....................................................... 65

TABLE 4: Programmable Terminals — Analog Function: Input ............... 101

TABLE 5: Analog Voltage Measurement Accuracy Offsets ...................... 103

TABLE 6: Analog Voltage Range and Resolution — Differential

Measurement ........................................................................................ 104

TABLE 7: Analog Voltage Measurement Time1........................................ 104

TABLE 8: Limits of Error on CR6 Thermocouple Polynomials ................ 105

TABLE 9: Reference Temperature Compensation Range and Error .......... 105

TABLE 10: Period Average Ranges ........................................................... 108

TABLE 11: Programmable Terminals — Analog Function: Output .......... 108

TABLE 12: Voltage Excitation Absolute Accuracy1 ................................. 109

TABLE 13: Current Excitation Absolute Accuracy1 .................................. 109

TABLE 14: Programmable Terminals — Pulse Counting Function1 ......... 110

TABLE 15: Time Constants (τ) .................................................................. 111

TABLE 16: Low-Level Ac Pulse Input Ranges .......................................... 112

Table of Contents

TABLE 17: Programmable Terminals — Digital I/O Function: Input ....... 112

TABLE 18: U and C Terminal Input Resistance......................................... 113

TABLE 19: Programmable Terminals — Digital I/O Function: Output ..... 113

TABLE 20: Programmable Terminals — Digital I/O Function:

Communications .................................................................................. 115

TABLE 21: Dedicated Communication Terminals ..................................... 116

TABLE 22: Omnibus List of CR6 Communication Ports ........................... 120

TABLE 23: CR6 Power Out Limits1: U, C, CS I/O ................................... 124

TABLE 24: CR6 Power Out Limits: 12V and SW12 ................................. 128

TABLE 25: CR6 Power Out Limits: Total System ..................................... 128

TABLE 26: Main Status Light (LED) States .............................................. 129

TABLE 27: Micro SD Status Light (LED) States ....................................... 129

TABLE 28: Ethernet Status Light (LED) States ......................................... 129

TABLE 29: Wi-Fi or Radio Status Light (LED) States .............................. 129

TABLE 30: Info Tables and Settings Interfaces ......................................... 133

TABLE 31: Program Send Portals .............................................................. 133

TABLE 32: Info Tables and Settings Interfaces ......................................... 152

TABLE 33: Common Configuration Actions and Tools............................. 159

TABLE 34: Procedures for Common Wi-Fi Uses ...................................... 160

TABLE 35: Program Send Command Locations ........................................ 177

TABLE 36: CRBasic Program Structure .................................................... 181

TABLE 37: Data Types in Variable Memory ............................................. 187

TABLE 38: Data Types in Final-Storage Memory ..................................... 189

TABLE 39: Formats for Entering Numbers in CRBasic ............................. 199

TABLE 40: Typical Data Table .................................................................. 202

TABLE 41: TOA5 Environment Line......................................................... 202

TABLE 42: DataInterval() Lapse Parameter Options ................................. 206

TABLE 43: Program Tasks ......................................................................... 211

TABLE 44: Program Timing Instructions ................................................... 213

TABLE 45: Rules for Names ...................................................................... 219

TABLE 46: Binary Conditions of TRUE and FALSE ................................ 225

TABLE 47: Logical Expression Examples ................................................. 226

TABLE 48: Data Process Abbreviations..................................................... 229

TABLE 49: Program Send Options That Reset Memory1 .......................... 232

TABLE 50: WindVector() OutputOpt Options ........................................... 263

TABLE 51: FieldCal() Codes ..................................................................... 282

TABLE 52: Calibration Report for Relative Humidity Sensor ................... 284

TABLE 53: Calibration Report for Salinity Sensor .................................... 287

TABLE 54: Calibration Report for Flow Meter .......................................... 289

TABLE 55: Calibration Report for Water Content Sensor ......................... 292

TABLE 56: Maximum Measurement Speeds Using VoltSE() ................... 301

TABLE 57: Voltage Measurement Instruction Parameters for Dwell

Burst ..................................................................................................... 305

TABLE 58: SDI-12 Commands for Transparent Mode .............................. 310

TABLE 59: SDI-12 Commands for Programmed (SDIRecorder())

Mode .................................................................................................... 314

TABLE 60: SDI-12 Sensor Configuration CRBasic Example —

Results .................................................................................................. 323

TABLE 61: Example Power Usage Profile for a Network of SDI-12

Probes................................................................................................... 324

TABLE 62: PRT Measurement Circuit Overview ...................................... 328

TABLE 63: PT100 Temperature and ideal resistances (RS); α =

0.003851 .............................................................................................. 329

TABLE 64: Callandar-Van Dusen Coefficients for PT100, α =

0.00385 ................................................................................................ 329

Table of Contents

TABLE 65: Input Ranges (mV) .................................................................. 329

TABLE 66: Input Limits (mV) ................................................................... 330

TABLE 67: Excitation Ranges .................................................................... 330

TABLE 68: BrHalf4W() Four-Wire Half-Bridge Equations ....................... 330

TABLE 69: Bridge Resistor Values (mΩ) .................................................. 330

TABLE 70: BrHalf3W() Three-Wire Half-Bridge Equations ..................... 334

TABLE 71: Bridge Resistor Values (mΩ) .................................................. 335

TABLE 72: Resistance() Basic Circuit Equation ........................................ 344

TABLE 73: Number of PT100 .................................................................... 347

TABLE 74: Four-Wire Half-Bridge Equations for PRT Example .............. 349

TABLE 75: Bridge Resistor Values (mΩ) .................................................. 349

TABLE 76: Resistance() Four-Wire Full-Bridge Bridge-Resistance (RB)

Values .................................................................................................. 350

TABLE 77: PRTCalc() PRTType = 1, α = 0.003851 .................................. 354

TABLE 78: PRTCalc() PRTType = 2, α = 0.003921 ................................ 354

TABLE 79: PRTCalc() PRTType = 3, α = 0.003911 .................................. 355

TABLE 80: PRTCalc() PRTType = 4, α = 0.0039161 ................................ 355

TABLE 81: PRTCalc() PRTType = 5, α = 0.003751 .................................. 355

TABLE 82: PRTCalc() PRTType = 6, α = 0.0039261 ................................ 356

TABLE 83: ASCII / ANSI Equivalents ...................................................... 357

TABLE 84: String Operators ...................................................................... 380

TABLE 85: String Concatenation Examples .............................................. 381

TABLE 86: String NULL Character Examples .......................................... 383

TABLE 87: CRBasic Measurement Settling Times .................................... 393

TABLE 88: First Six Values of Settling Time Data .................................... 396

TABLE 89: Range-Code Option C Over-Voltages ..................................... 397

TABLE 90: Offset Voltage Compensation Options .................................... 400

TABLE 91: Analog Voltage Measurement Accuracy ................................. 402

TABLE 92: Analog Voltage Measurement Offsets .................................... 402

TABLE 93: Analog Voltage Measurement Resolution ............................... 403

TABLE 94: Resistive-Bridge Circuits with Voltage Excitation .................. 407

TABLE 95: Resistive-Bridge Circuits with Current Excitation .................. 409

TABLE 96: Ratiometric-Resistance Measurement Accuracy ..................... 411

TABLE 97: CalGain() Field Descriptions ................................................... 413

TABLE 98: CalOffset() Field Descriptions ................................................ 413

TABLE 99: Calibrate() Instruction Results ................................................. 413

TABLE 100: StrainCalc() Instruction Equations ........................................ 414

TABLE 101: Analog Voltage Input Ranges and Options ........................... 416

TABLE 102: Parameters that Control Measurement Sequence and

Timing .................................................................................................. 421

TABLE 103: CRBasic Measurement Settling Times .................................. 426

TABLE 104: First Six Values of Settling Time Data .................................. 429

TABLE 105: Range-Code Option C Over-Voltages ................................... 430

TABLE 106: Offset Voltage Compensation Options .................................. 433

TABLE 107: Analog Voltage Measurement Accuracy ............................... 435

TABLE 108: Analog Voltage Measurement Offsets .................................. 436

TABLE 109: Analog Voltage Measurement Resolution ............................. 436

TABLE 110: Pulse Measurement Application Examples ........................... 439

TABLE 111: Example: E for a 10 Hz input signal ...................................... 442

TABLE 112: Frequency Resolution Comparison ....................................... 443

TABLE 113: Switch Closures and Open Collectors ................................... 445

TABLE 114: VibratingWire() Instruction: Controls ................................... 456

TABLE 115: VibratingWire() Instruction Outputs ..................................... 457

TABLE 116: RS-485 SerialOpen() Configuration Codes ........................... 468

TABLE 117: RS-485 Wiring Chart ............................................................. 469

Table of Contents

TABLE 118: Typical Gzip File Compression Results ................................ 483

TABLE 119: CR6 Memory Allocation ....................................................... 490

TABLE 120: CR6 SRAM Memory ............................................................ 492

TABLE 121: CR6 Memory Drives ............................................................. 493

TABLE 122: Memory Card States .............................................................. 496

TABLE 123: TableFile() Instruction Data File Formats ............................. 497

TABLE 124: File Control Functions ........................................................... 504

TABLE 125: CR6 File Attributes ............................................................... 506

TABLE 126: Powerup.ini Script Commands and Applications .................. 510

TABLE 127: File System Error Codes........................................................ 512

TABLE 128: Modbus to Campbell Scientific Equivalents ......................... 526

TABLE 129: Modbus Registers: CRBasic Port, Flag, and Variable

Equivalents ........................................................................................... 527

TABLE 130: Supported Modbus Function Codes ...................................... 529

TABLE 131: Special Keyboard/Display Key Functions ............................. 533

TABLE 132: Math Expressions and CRBasic Results ................................ 558

TABLE 133: Variable and Final-Storage Data Types with NAN and

±INF ..................................................................................................... 558

TABLE 134: Warning Message Examples ................................................. 561

TABLE 135: CR6 Terminal Commands ..................................................... 567

TABLE 136: Log Locations ........................................................................ 570

TABLE 137: Program Send Command....................................................... 596

TABLE 138: Info Tables and Settings Interfaces ....................................... 613

TABLE 139: Info Tables and Settings: Directories .................................... 615

TABLE 140: Info Tables and Settings: Frequently Used............................ 616

TABLE 141: Info Tables and Settings: Keywords ...................................... 617

TABLE 142: Info Tables and Settings: KD Settings | Datalogger .............. 618

TABLE 143: Info Tables and Settings: KD Settings | Comports ................ 618

TABLE 144: Info Tables and Settings: KD Settings | Ethernet .................. 618

TABLE 145: Info Tables and Settings: KD Settings | PPP ......................... 618

TABLE 146: Info Tables and Settings: KD Settings | CS I/O IP ................ 619

TABLE 147: Info Tables and Settings: KD Settings | WiFi ....................... 619

TABLE 148: Info Tables and Settings: KD Settings | Radio (RF407) ........ 619

TABLE 149: Info Tables and Settings: KD Settings | RF451 ..................... 619

TABLE 150: Info Tables and Settings: KD Settings (TCP/IP) on

CR1000KD Keyboard/Display ............................................................ 619

TABLE 151: Info Tables and Settings: KD Settings | TLS......................... 619

TABLE 152: Info Tables and Settings: KD Settings | Advanced ............... 620

TABLE 153: Info Tables and Settings: KD Status Table Fields ................. 620

TABLE 154: Info Tables and Settings: Settings Only in Settings Editor ... 620

TABLE 155: Info Tables and Settings: Communications, General ............ 621

TABLE 156: Info Tables and Settings: Communications, PakBus ............. 621

TABLE 157: Info Tables and Settings: Communications, TCP_IP I .......... 621

TABLE 158: Info Tables and Settings: Communications, TCP_IP II ........ 621

TABLE 159: Info Tables and Settings: Communications, TCP_IP III ....... 621

TABLE 160: Info Tables and Settings: Communications, WiFi ................. 622

TABLE 161: Info Tables and Settings: Communications, CPI ................... 622

TABLE 162: Info Tables and Settings: CRBasic Program I ....................... 622

TABLE 163: Info Tables and Settings: CRBasic Program II ..................... 622

TABLE 164: Info Tables and Settings: Auto Self-Calibration ................... 622

TABLE 165: Info Tables and Settings: Data .............................................. 622

TABLE 166: Info Tables and Settings: Data Table Information Table

(DTI) Keywords ................................................................................... 623

TABLE 167: Info Tables and Settings: Memory ........................................ 623

TABLE 168: Info Tables and Settings: Miscellaneous ............................... 623

Table of Contents

TABLE 169: Info Tables and Settings: Obsolete ........................................ 623

TABLE 170: Info Tables and Settings: OS and Hardware Versioning ....... 623

TABLE 171: Info Tables and Settings: Power Monitors ............................ 623

TABLE 172: Info Tables and Settings: Security ......................................... 623

TABLE 173: Info Tables and Settings: Signatures ..................................... 623

TABLE 174: Info Tables and Settings: B ................................................... 624

TABLE 175: Info Tables and Settings: C ................................................... 625

TABLE 176: Info Tables and Settings: D ................................................... 627

TABLE 177: Info Tables and Settings: E .................................................... 627

TABLE 178: Info Tables and Settings: F .................................................... 628

TABLE 179: Info Tables and Settings: H ................................................... 629

TABLE 180: Info Tables and Settings: I ..................................................... 629

TABLE 181: Info Tables and Settings: L .................................................... 631

TABLE 182: Info Tables and Settings: M .................................................. 631

TABLE 183: Info Tables and Settings: N ................................................... 633

TABLE 184: Info Tables and Settings: O ................................................... 633

TABLE 185: Info Tables and Settings: P .................................................... 633

TABLE 186: Info Tables and Settings: R ................................................... 636

TABLE 187: Info Tables and Settings: S .................................................... 637

TABLE 188: Info Tables and Settings: T .................................................... 639

TABLE 189: Info Tables and Settings: U ................................................... 640

TABLE 190: Info Tables and Settings: V ................................................... 640

TABLE 191: Info Tables and Settings: W .................................................. 641

TABLE 192: Pinout of CR6 CS I/O D-Type Connector Port ..................... 643

TABLE 193: RJ-45 RS-232 / CPI Port Pinout ............................................ 644

TABLE 194: Pin Out of CR6 RS-232 D-Type Connector Port with

Adapter pn 31055 RS-232/CPI RJ45 to DB9 Male DTE ..................... 645

TABLE 195: Standard Null-Modem Cable Pin Out ................................... 645

TABLE 196: FP2 Data-Format Bit Descriptions ........................................ 647

TABLE 197: FP2 Decimal Locater Bits ..................................................... 647

TABLE 198: Endianness in Campbell Scientific Instruments .................... 649

TABLE 199: Dataloggers ............................................................................ 651

TABLE 200: Analog Input Modules ........................................................... 652

TABLE 201: Pulse Input Modules .............................................................. 653

TABLE 202: Serial I/O Modules List ......................................................... 653

TABLE 203: Vibrating Wire Input Modules .............................................. 653

TABLE 204: Resistive Bridge TIM1 Modules ........................................... 654

TABLE 205: Voltage Divider Modules ...................................................... 654

TABLE 206: Current-Shunt Modules ......................................................... 654

TABLE 207: Transient Voltage Suppressors .............................................. 655

TABLE 208: Terminal-Strip Covers ........................................................... 655

TABLE 209: Digital I/O Modules ............................................................... 656

TABLE 210: Continuous-Analog Output (CAO) Modules......................... 656

TABLE 211: Relay-Drivers — Products .................................................... 656

TABLE 212: Current-Excitation Modules .................................................. 657

TABLE 213: Wired Sensor Types .............................................................. 657

TABLE 214: Wireless Sensor Modules ...................................................... 658

TABLE 215: Sensors Types Available for Connection to CWS900 ........... 658

TABLE 216: Cameras ................................................................................. 659

TABLE 217: Datalogger Keyboard/Displays1............................................ 659

TABLE 218: Hardwire, Single-Connection Comms Devices ..................... 660

TABLE 219: Hardwire, Networking Devices ............................................. 660

TABLE 220: TCP/IP Links — List ............................................................. 660

TABLE 221: Telephone Modems ............................................................... 661

TABLE 222: Private-Network Radios ........................................................ 661

Table of Contents

TABLE 223: Satellite Transceivers ............................................................ 661

TABLE 224: Mass-Storage Devices ........................................................... 662

TABLE 225: Starter Software ..................................................................... 663

TABLE 226: Datalogger Support Software ................................................ 663

TABLE 227: LoggerNet Suite — List1,2 ................................................... 664

TABLE 228: Software Tools ...................................................................... 665

TABLE 229: Software Development Kits .................................................. 666

TABLE 230: Battery / Regulator Combinations ......................................... 667

TABLE 231: Batteries................................................................................. 667

TABLE 232: Regulators ............................................................................. 668

TABLE 233: Primary Power Sources ......................................................... 668

TABLE 234: 24 Vdc Power Supply Kits .................................................... 668

TABLE 235: Enclosures — Products ......................................................... 669

TABLE 236: Prewired Enclosures .............................................................. 669

TABLE 237: Tripods, Towers, and Mounts ................................................ 669

TABLE 238: Protection from Moisture — Products .................................. 670

List of CRBasic Examples

CRBasic EXAMPLE 1: Simple Default.CR6 File to Control SW12

Terminal ............................................................................................... 154

CRBasic EXAMPLE 2: Using an "Include" File ........................................ 157

CRBasic EXAMPLE 3: 'Include' File to Control SW12 Terminal. ............ 157

CRBasic EXAMPLE 4: Inserting Comments ............................................. 184

CRBasic EXAMPLE 5: Data Type Declarations ........................................ 191

CRBasic EXAMPLE 6: Using Variable Array Dimension Indices ............ 192

CRBasic EXAMPLE 7: Flag Declaration and Use ..................................... 193

CRBasic EXAMPLE 8: Using a Variable Array in Calculations................ 195

CRBasic EXAMPLE 9: Initializing Variables ............................................ 197

CRBasic EXAMPLE 10: Using the Const Declaration............................... 198

CRBasic EXAMPLE 11: Load binary information into a variable ............. 200

CRBasic EXAMPLE 12: Declaration and Use of a Data Table .................. 203

CRBasic EXAMPLE 13: Use of the Disable Variable................................ 208

CRBasic EXAMPLE 14: BeginProg / Scan() / NextScan / EndProg

Syntax .................................................................................................. 214

CRBasic EXAMPLE 15: Measurement Instruction Syntax ........................ 218

CRBasic EXAMPLE 16: Double-Precision Math: (Double = Double +

Double) Results in Double ................................................................... 221

CRBasic EXAMPLE 17: Double-Precision Math: (Single = Double +

Double) Results in Single .................................................................... 221

CRBasic EXAMPLE 18: Double Precision Math: (Double = Single +

Single) Results in Single ...................................................................... 221

CRBasic EXAMPLE 19: Use of Move() to Conserve Code Space ............ 222

CRBasic EXAMPLE 20: Use of Variable Arrays to Conserve Code

Space .................................................................................................... 222

CRBasic EXAMPLE 21: Conversion of FLOAT / LONG to Boolean ....... 223

CRBasic EXAMPLE 22: Evaluation of Integers ........................................ 224

CRBasic EXAMPLE 23: Constants to LONGs or FLOATs ....................... 224

CRBasic EXAMPLE 24: String and Variable Concatenation ..................... 227

CRBasic EXAMPLE 25: BeginProg / Scan / NextScan / EndProg

Syntax .................................................................................................. 233

CRBasic EXAMPLE 26: Conditional Output ............................................. 234

CRBasic EXAMPLE 27: Groundwater Pump Test ..................................... 235

CRBasic EXAMPLE 28: Miscellaneous Program Features........................ 237

CRBasic EXAMPLE 29: Scaling Array ..................................................... 240

Table of Contents

CRBasic EXAMPLE 30: Program Signatures ............................................ 242

CRBasic EXAMPLE 31: Use of Multiple Scans ........................................ 243

CRBasic EXAMPLE 32: Loading Large Data Sets .................................... 244

CRBasic EXAMPLE 33: Array Assigned Expression: Sum Columns

and Rows .............................................................................................. 246

CRBasic EXAMPLE 34: Array Assigned Expression: Transpose an

Array .................................................................................................... 246

CRBasic EXAMPLE 35: Array Assigned Expression: Comparison /

Boolean Evaluation .............................................................................. 247

CRBasic EXAMPLE 36: Array Assigned Expression: Fill Array

Dimension ............................................................................................ 248

CRBasic EXAMPLE 37: Two Data-Output Intervals in One Data Table .. 252

CRBasic EXAMPLE 38: Using TrigVar to Trigger Data Storage .............. 254

CRBasic EXAMPLE 39: Bool8 and a Bit Shift Operator ........................... 257

CRBasic EXAMPLE 40: NSEC — One Element Time Array ................... 260

CRBasic EXAMPLE 41: NSEC — Two Element Time Array .................. 260

CRBasic EXAMPLE 42: NSEC — Seven and Nine Element Time

Arrays ................................................................................................... 261

CRBasic EXAMPLE 43: NSEC —Convert Timestamp to Universal

Time ..................................................................................................... 262

CRBasic EXAMPLE 44: Using TableFile() with Option 64 with

Memory Card ....................................................................................... 270

CRBasic EXAMPLE 45: Custom Menus.................................................... 278

CRBasic EXAMPLE 46: FieldCal() Zero ................................................... 285

CRBasic EXAMPLE 47: FieldCal() Offset ................................................ 288

CRBasic EXAMPLE 48: FieldCal() Two-Point Slope and Offset .............. 290

CRBasic EXAMPLE 49: FieldCal() Multiplier .......................................... 293

CRBasic EXAMPLE 50: FieldCal() Zero-Basis Point ................................ 295

CRBasic EXAMPLE 51: FieldCalStrain() Calibration ............................... 298

CRBasic EXAMPLE 52: Fast Analog Voltage Measurement: Fast

Scan() ................................................................................................... 302

CRBasic EXAMPLE 53: Analog Voltage Measurement: Cluster Burst ..... 303

CRBasic EXAMPLE 54: Dwell Burst Measurement .................................. 304

CRBasic EXAMPLE 55: Measurement with Excitation and Delay............ 307

CRBasic EXAMPLE 56: Using SDI12Sensor() to Test Cv Command ...... 318

CRBasic EXAMPLE 57: Using Alternate Concurrent Command (aC) ...... 319

CRBasic EXAMPLE 58: Using an SDI-12 Extended Command ............... 321

CRBasic EXAMPLE 59: SDI-12 Sensor Setup .......................................... 322

CRBasic EXAMPLE 60: Conditional Code ................................................ 325

CRBasic EXAMPLE 61: PT100 BrHalf4W() Four-Wire Half-Bridge

Calibration ............................................................................................ 333

CRBasic EXAMPLE 62: PT100 BrHalf4W() Four-Wire Half-Bridge

Measurement ........................................................................................ 333

CRBasic EXAMPLE 63: PT100 BrHalf3W() Three-Wire Half-Bridge

Calibration ............................................................................................ 337

CRBasic EXAMPLE 64: PT100 BrHalf3W() Three-Wire Half-Bridge

Measurement ........................................................................................ 337

CRBasic EXAMPLE 65: PT100 BrFull() Four-Wire Full-Bridge

Calibration ............................................................................................ 340

CRBasic EXAMPLE 66: PT100 BrFull() Four-Wire Full-Bridge

Calibration ............................................................................................ 341

CRBasic EXAMPLE 67: PT100 BrFull() Four-Wire Full-Bridge

Measurement ........................................................................................ 342

CRBasic EXAMPLE 68: PT100 Resistance() Basic-Circuit Calibration ... 346

Table of Contents

CRBasic EXAMPLE 69: PT100 Resistance() Basic-Circuit

Measurement ........................................................................................ 346

CRBasic EXAMPLE 70: PT100 Resistance() Basic-Circuit

Measurement ........................................................................................ 348

CRBasic EXAMPLE 71: PT100 Resistance() Four-Wire Full-Bridge

Calibration ........................................................................................... 352

CRBasic EXAMPLE 72: PT100 Resistance() Four-Wire Full-Bridge

Measurement ........................................................................................ 352

CRBasic EXAMPLE 73: Receiving an RS-232 String ............................... 367

CRBasic EXAMPLE 74: Measure Sensors / Send RS-232 Data ................ 372

CRBasic EXAMPLE 75: Concatenation of Numbers and Strings .............. 382

CRBasic EXAMPLE 76: Subroutine with Global and Local Variables ..... 385

CRBasic EXAMPLE 77: Time Stamping with System Time ..................... 388

CRBasic EXAMPLE 78: Measuring Settling Time .................................... 394

CRBasic EXAMPLE 79: Four-Wire Full-Bridge Measurement and

Processing ............................................................................................ 410

CRBasic EXAMPLE 80: Measuring Settling Time .................................... 428

CRBasic EXAMPLE 81: VSPECT Vibrating Wire Measurement ............. 464

CRBasic EXAMPLE 82: Custom Web Page HTML .................................. 521

CRBasic EXAMPLE 83: Concatenating Modbus Long Variables ............. 532

CRBasic EXAMPLE 84: Using NAN to Filter Data .................................. 559

CRBasic EXAMPLE 85: Reboot under program control with Restart

instruction ............................................................................................ 572

CRBasic EXAMPLE 86: Reboot under program control with

FileManage() instruction: ..................................................................... 572

1. Introduction

1.1 HELLO

Whether in extreme cold in Antarctica, scorching heat in Death Valley, salt spray from the Pacific, micro-gravity in space, or the harsh environment of your office, Campbell Scientific dataloggers support research and operations all over the world. Our customers work a spectrum of applications, from those more complex than any of us imagined, to those simpler than any of us thought practical. The limits of the CR6 are defined by our customers. Our intent with this operator's manual is to guide you to the tools you need to explore the limits of your application.

You can take advantage of the advanced CR6 analog and digital measurement features by spending a few minutes working through the Quickstart Overview

(p. 59). For more demanding applications, the remainder of the manual

(p. 39) and the

and other Campbell Scientific publications are available. If you are programming with CRBasic, you will need the extensive help available with the CRBasic Editor software. Formal CR6 training is also available from Campbell Scientific.

This manual is organized to take you progressively deeper into the complexity of CR6 functions. You may not find it necessary to progress beyond the Quickstart or Overview. Quickstart is a cursory view of CR6 data-acquisition and walks you through a procedure to set up a simple system. Overview

reviews salient

topics that are covered in-depth in subsequent sections and appendices.

Review the exhaustive table of contents to learn how the manual is organized, and, when looking for a topic, use the index and PDF reader search.

More in-depth study requires other Campbell Scientific publications, most of which are available on-line at www.campbellsci.com. Generally, if a particular feature of the CR6 requires a peripheral hardware device, more information is available in the manual written for that device.

Don't forget the Glossary

(p. 573) when you run across a term that is unfamiliar.

Many specialized terms are hyperlinked in this manual to a glossary entry.

If you are unable to find the information you need, need assistance with ordering, or just wish to speak with one of our many product experts about your application, please call us:

Technical Support (435) 227-9100

Sales and Application Engineering

(435) 227-9120

Orders (435) 227-9090

Accounts Receivable (435) 227-9092

Repairs (435) 227-9105

General Inquiries (435) 227-9000

Section 1. Introduction

1.2 Typography

In earlier days, Campbell Scientific dataloggers greeted our customers with a cheery HELLO at the flip of the ON switch. While the user interface of the CR6 datalogger has advanced beyond those simpler days, you can still hear the cheery HELLO echoed in voices you hear at Campbell Scientific.

The following type faces are used throughout the CR6 Operator's Manual. Type color other than black on white does not appear in printed versions of the manual:

• Underscore — information specifically flagged as unverified. Usually

found only in a draft or a preliminary released version.

• Capitalization — beginning of sentences, phrases, titles, names,

Campbell Scientific product model numbers.

• Bold — CRBasic instructions within the body text, input commands,

output responses, GUI commands, text on product labels, names of data tables.

• Italic — glossary entries and titles of publications, software, sections,

tables, figures, and examples.

• Bold italic — CRBasic instruction parameters and arguments within the

body text.

8 pt blue — cross reference page numbers. In the PDF version of the

•

manual, click on the page number to jump to the cross referenced page.

Lucida Sans Typewriter — blocks of CRBasic code. Type colors are

•

as follows:

○ instruction

○ 'comments

○ all other code

1.3 Capturing CRBasic Code

Many examples of CRBasic code are found throughout this manual. The manual is designed to make using this code as easy as possible. Keep the following in mind when copying code from this manual into CRBasic Editor:

If an example crosses pages, select and copy only the contents of one page at a time. Doing so will help avoid unwanted characters that may originate from page headings, page numbers, and hidden characters.

2. Precautions

• DANGER: Fire, explosion, and severe-burn hazard. Misuse or improper

installation of the internal lithium battery can cause severe injury. Do not recharge, disassemble, heat above 100 °C (212 °F), solder directly to the cell, incinerate, or expose contents to water. Dispose of spent lithium batteries properly.

• WARNING:

o Protect from over-voltage

o Protect from water

o Protect from ESD

(p. 142)

• IMPORTANT: Note the following about the internal battery:

o When primary power is continuously connected to the CR6, the

battery will last up to 10 years or more.

o When primary power is NOT connected to the CR6, the battery will

last about three years.

o To preserve the life of the internal lithium battery, it is disabled

when the CR6 leaves the factory. Because the battery is disabled, you need to set the clock when you first connect power to the CR6. When power is first connected, the CR6 automatically enables the lithium battery, which will then power the clock between subsequent power cycles. See Internal Battery — Quickstart

o See section Internal Battery — Details

(p. 547) for more information.

(p. 42).

• IMPORTANT: Maintain a level of calibration appropriate to the

application. Campbell Scientific recommends factory recalibration of the CR6 every three years.

• IMPORTANT regarding radio transmit power, antenna selection, and

proper installation of RF related equipment. Radio installations should be performed by a professional. It is very important that the transmit power level selected and the gain of the attached antenna do not exceed the maximum allowed ERP permitted by local regulations. Regulations vary by country and region. As the equipment owner, you are responsible for making sure that your installation and maintenance of the radio equipment ensure local regulations are met.

3. Initial Inspection

• Check the Ships With tab at http://www.campbellsci.com/CR6 for a list

of items shipped with the CR6. Among other things, the following are provided for immediate use:

o Screwdriver to connect wires to terminals

o Type-T thermocouple for use in the Quickstart

o A datalogger program pre-loaded into the CR6 that measures

power-supply voltage and wiring-panel temperature.

o A serial communication cable to connect the CR6 to a PC

o A ResourceDVD that contains product manuals and the following

starter software:

— Short Cut — PC200W — DevConfig

• Upon receipt of the CR6, inspect the packaging and contents for damage.

File damage claims with the shipping company.

• Immediately check package contents. Thoroughly check all packaging

material for product that may be concealed. Check model numbers, part numbers, and product descriptions against the shipping documents. Model or part numbers are found on each product. On cabled items, the number is often found at the end of the cable that connects to the measurement device. The Campbell Scientific number may differ from the part or model number printed on the sensor by the sensor vendor. Ensure that the you received the expected cable lengths. Contact Campbell Scientific immediately about discrepancies.

(p. 39) tutorial

• Check the operating system version in the CR6 as outlined in the

Operating System (OS) — Installation

(p. 175) and update as needed.

4. Quickstart

4.1 Sensors — Quickstart

The following tutorial introduces the CR6 by walking you through a programming and data retrieval exercise. For a procedure to set up the on-board Wi-Fi (CR6-WIFI only), go to On-Board Wi-Fi

(p. 159).

Related Topics:

• Sensors — Quickstart (p. 39)

• Measurements — Overview

• Measurements — Details

• Sensors — Lists

(p. 657)

(p. 71)

(p. 387)

Sensors transduce phenomena into measurable electrical forms by modulating voltage, current, resistance, status, or pulse output signals. Suitable sensors do this accurately and precisely

(p. 609). Smart sensors have internal measurement

and processing components and simply output a digital value in binary, hexadecimal, or ASCII character form. The CR6, sometimes with the assistance of various peripheral devices, can measure or read nearly all electronic sensor output types.

Sensor types supported include:

• Analog

o Voltage

o Current

o Thermocouples

o Resistive bridges

• Pulse

o High frequency

o Switch closure

o Low-level ac

• Period average

• Vibrating wire

• Smart sensors

o SDI-12

Section 4. Quickstart

o RS-232

o Modbus

o DNP3

o RS-485

Refer to the Sensors — Lists

(p. 657) for a list of specific sensors available from

Campbell Scientific. This list may not be comprehensive. A library of sensor manuals and application notes are available at www.campbellsci.com to assist in measuring many sensor types.

4.2 Datalogger — Quickstart

Related Topics:

• Datalogger — Quickstart (p. 40)

• Datalogger — Overview

• Dataloggers — List

(p. 60)

(p. 651)

The CR6 can measure almost any sensor with an electrical response. The CR6 measures electrical signals and converts the measurement to engineering units, performs calculations and reduces data to statistical values. Most applications do not require that every measurement be stored. Instead, individual measurements can be combined into statistical or computational summaries. The CR6 will store data in memory to await transfer to the PC with an external storage devices or telecommunication device.

4.2.1 CR6 Module

CR6 electronics are protected in a dust-tight case. The CR6 design makes it economical and very rugged.

4.2.1.1 Wiring Panel — Quickstart

4.3 Power Supplies — Quickstart

Related Topics:

• Power Input Terminals — Specifications (p. 122)

• Power Supplies — Quickstart (p. 41)

• Power Supplies — Overview (p. 93)

• Power Supplies — Details (p. 138)

• Power Supplies — Products (p. 666)

• Power Sources (p. 139)

• Troubleshooting — Power Supplies (p. 566)

The CR6 requires a power supply. Be sure that power supply components match the specifications of the device to which they are connected. When connecting power, first switch off the power supply, make the connection, then turn the power supply on.

The CR6 operates fully with power from 10 to 16 Vdc applied to the BAT terminals, or 16 to 32 Vdc applied to the CHG terminals. Both sets of connectors are found on the green power plug in the upper right of the wiring panel. Some functions, such as programming, the setting of settings, and analog measurement, operate with power from a standard PC USB port (5 Vdc) to the USB port on the CR6.

Section 4. Quickstart

4.3.1 Internal Battery — Quickstart

4.3.2 Internal Voltage Regulator / Battery Charger — Quickstart

The CR6 is internally protected against accidental polarity reversal on the power inputs.

Related Topics:

• Internal Battery — Quickstart (p. 42)

• Internal Battery — Details

(p. 547)

Warning Misuse or improper installation of the internal lithium battery can cause severe injury. Fire, explosion, and severe burns can result. Do not recharge, disassemble, heat above 100 °C (212 °F), solder directly to the cell, incinerate, or expose contents to water. Dispose of spent lithium batteries properly.

A lithium battery backs up the CR6 clock, program, and memory.

The CR6 has an internal voltage regulator and battery charger. Charge voltage is Vdc only. It includes a thermal fused limit at 1.2 amp, which resets when the load is removed. BAT terminals are for a 12 Vdc battery. Charge terminals can be used without a battery being attached.

Power regulator:

• Typical application: 20 W solar panel and 24 Ah 12 Vdc battery

• Smart power management

• Uses highest input voltage source

• Charges using voltage temperature profile of the battery

• 5 to 24 Vdc input

BAT terminals:

• 5 to 16.5 Vdc input or 12 Vdc battery

• Suitable for charging sealed-rechargeable lead acid batteries only.

• Primary power connection here has the lowest power consumption

because the regulator is bypassed.

• Limit 2.5 A @ 12 V at 25 °C

• Over-voltage protection

• Reverse-polarity protection

CHG terminals:

• Switched charging

• 10.5 to 32 Vdc using the internal switching regulator

• Use a high-quality DC source

• Limit 1.1 A @ 12 V @ room temp

• Over-voltage protection

• Reverse-polarity protection

Wall plug transformer pn 29296

• Input voltage: 100 to 240 Vac

• Input frequency: 47 to 63 Hz

• Output voltage: 24 Vdc

Section 4. Quickstart

• Max output current: 1.67 A

4.4 Data Retrieval and Comms — Quickstart

Related Topics:

• Data Retrieval and Comms — Quickstart (p. 43)

• Data Retrieval and Comms — Overview (p. 85)

• Data Retrieval and Comms — Details (p. 514)

• Data Retrieval and Comms Peripherals — Lists (p. 659)

If the CR6 datalogger sits near a PC, direct-connect serial communication is usually the best solution. In the field, direct serial, a data storage device, or Wi-Fi (if you have a CR6-WIFI) can be used during a site visit. A remote comms option (or a combination of comms options) allows you to collect data from your CR6 over long distances. It also allows you to discover system problems early.

A Campbell Scientific sales engineer can help you make a shopping list for any of these comms options:

• Standard

o USB serial

o Ethernet

o Wi-Fi (option at purchase)

Section 4. Quickstart

4.5 Datalogger Support Software — Quickstart

• Options

o Micro SD, Mass Storage

o Cellular, Telephone

o iOS, Android

o Multidrop, Fiber Optic

o Radio, Satellite

Some comms options can be combined.

Related Topics:

• Datalogger Support Software — Quickstart (p. 44)

• Datalogger Support Software — Overview

• Datalogger Support Software — Details

• Datalogger Support Software — Lists

(p. 97)

(p. 480)

(p. 662)

Campbell Scientific datalogger support software is PC or Linux software that facilitates comms between the computer and the CR6. A wide array of software are available. This section focuses on the following:

• Short Cut Program Generator for Windows (SCWin)

• PC200W Datalogger Starter Software for Windows

• LoggerLink Mobile Datalogger Starter software for iOS and Android

A CRBasic program must be loaded into the CR6 to enable it to make measurements, read sensors, and store data. Use Short Cut to write simple CRBasic programs without the need to learn the CRBasic programming language. Short Cut is an easy-to-use wizard that steps you through the program building process.

After the CRBasic program is written, it is loaded onto the CR6. Then, after sufficient time has elapsed for measurements to be made and data to be stored, data are retrieved to a computer. These functions are supported by PC200W and

LoggerLink Mobile.

Short Cut and PC200W are available at no charge at www.campbellsci.com/downloads.

Note More information about software available from Campbell Scientific can be found at www.campbellsci.com.

Section 4. Quickstart

4.6 Tutorial: Measuring a Thermocouple

This exercise guides you through the following:

• Attaching a sensor to the CR6

• Creating a program for the CR6 to measure the sensor

• Making a simple measurement

• Storing measurement data on the CR6

• Collecting data from the CR6 with a PC

• Viewing real-time and historical data with the PC

4.6.1 What You Will Need

The following items are used in this exercise. If you do not have all of these items, you can provide suitable substitutes. If you have questions about compatible power supplies or serial cables, review and Power Supplies — Details

(p. 138) or contact Campbell Scientific.

• CR6 datalogger

• USB power is adequate for this exercise, but a power supply is needed

for field deployment.

• Thermocouple, 4 to 5 inches long; one is shipped with the CR6

• Personal computer (PC) with an available USB port with USB driver

installed (see CR6 utility in Device Configuration Utility)

• USB to micro-USB cable; one is shipped with the CR6.

• PC200W software, which is available on the Campbell Scientific

resource DVD or thumb drive, or at www.campbellsci.com.

Note If the CR6 datalogger is to be connected to the PC during normal operations, use the Campbell Scientific SC32B interface to provide optical isolation through the CS I/O port. Doing so protects low-level analog measurements from grounding disturbances.

4.6.2 Hardware Setup

Note The thermocouple is attached to the CR6 later in this exercise.

Section 4. Quickstart

4.6.2.1 Connect Comms

4.6.3 PC200W Software Setup

Connect the USB cable between the USB port on the CR6 and a USB port on the

PC. If you have problems with the USB connection, make sure you are using the USB cable provided with the CR6. See USB Port is a CR6-WIFI and you want to connect over Wi-Fi, see On-Board Wii-Fi

159)

for a procedure. If your CR6 is Wi-Fi enabled, and you wish to use the

Wi-Fi link for this exercise, go to On-Board Wi-Fi

(p. 69). If your datalogger

(p.

(p. 159).

1. Install PC200W software onto the PC. Follow on-screen prompts during the

installation process. Use the default folders.

2. Open PC200W. Your PC should display a window similar to figure PC200W

Main Window

(p. 46). When PC200W is first run, the EZSetup Wizard will run

automatically in a new window. This will configure the software to communicate with the CR6 datalogger. The table PC200W EZSetup Wizard Prompts

(p. 47) indicates what information to enter on each screen of the wizard.

Click Next at the lower portion of the window to advance.

Note A video tutorial is available at

https://www.campbellsci.com/videos?video=80

https://www.campbellsci.com/videos?video=80). Other video tutorials are

( available at www.campbellsci.com/videos.

After exiting the wizard, the main PC200W window becomes visible. This window has several tabs. The Clock/Program tab displays clock and program information. Monitor Data and Collect Data tabs are also available. Icons across the top of the window access additional functions.

FIGURE 2: PC200W Main Window

Section 4. Quickstart

PC200W EZSetup Wizard Prompts

Screen Name Information Needed

Provides an introduction to the EZSetup Wizard

Introduction

along with instructions on how to navigate through the wizard.

Datalogger Type and Name

Select the CR6 from the list box.

Accept the default name of CR6.

Select the correct PC COM port for the serial connection. Typically, this will be COM1, but other COM numbers are possible, especially when using a USB cable.

Leave COM Port Communication Delay at 00 seconds.

COM Port Selection

Note When using USB cables, the COM number

may change if the cable is moved to a different USB port. This will prevent data transfer between the software and CR6. Should this occur, simply move the cable back to the original port. If this is not possible, close then reopen the PC200W software to refresh the available COM ports. Click on Edit Datalogger Setup and change the COM port to the new port number.

Configures how the CR6 communicates with the

Datalogger Settings

PC.

For this tutorial, accept the default settings.

Datalogger Settings — Security

Communication Setup Summary

For this tutorial, Security Code should be set to 0 and PakBus Encryption Key should be left blank.

Summary of settings in previous screens. No changes are needed for this tutorial. Press

Finish to

exit the wizard.

4.6.4 Write CRBasic Program with Short Cut

Following are the objectives for this Short Cut programming exercise:

• Create a program to measure the voltage of the CR6 power supply,

temperature of the CR6 wiring panel, and ambient air temperature using a thermocouple.

• When the program is downloaded to the CR6, it will take samples once

per second and store averages of the samples at one-minute intervals.

NOTE A video tutorial is available at

https://www.campbellsci.com/videos?video=80 https://www.campbellsci.com/videos?video=80. Other video resources are available at www.campbellsci.com/videos.

Section 4. Quickstart

4.6.4.1 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 1 to 5)

1. Click on the Short Cut icon in the upper-right corner of the PC200W window.

The icon resembles a clock face.

2. The Short Cut window is shown. Click New Program.

3. In the Datalogger Model drop-down list, select CR6.

4. In the Scan Interval box, enter 1 and select Seconds in the drop-down list

box. Click Next.

Note The first time Short Cut is run, a prompt will appear asking for a choice of ac noise rejection. Select 60 Hz for the United States and other areas using 60 Hz ac voltage. Select 50 Hz for most of Europe and other areas that operate at 50 Hz. A second prompt lists sensor support options. Campbell Scientific, Inc. (US) is probably the best fit if you are outside Europe.

5. The next window displays Available Sensors and Devices as shown in the

following figure. Expand the Sensors folder by clicking on the

symbol. This shows several sub-folders. Expand the Temperature folder to view available sensors. Note that a wiring panel temperature (PTemp_C in the Selected column) is selected by default.

FIGURE 3: Short Cut Temperature Sensor Folder

4.6.4.2 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 6 to 7)

6. Double-click Type T (copper-constantan) Thermocouple to add it into the Selected column. A dialog window is presented with several fields. By

Section 4. Quickstart

immediately clicking OK, you accept default options that include selection of 1 sensor and PTemp_C as the reference temperature measurement.

Note BattV (battery voltage) and PTempC (wiring panel temperature) are default measurements. During normal operations, battery and temperature can be recorded at least daily to assist in monitoring system status.

7. In the left pane of the main Short Cut window, click Wiring Diagram. Attach the physical type-T thermocouple to the CR6 as shown in the diagram. Click on 3. Sensors in the left pane to return to the sensor selection screen.

FIGURE 4: Short Cut Wiring Diagram Tab

4.6.4.3 Procedure: (Short Cut Step 8)

8. As shown in the following figure, click Next to advance to the Outputs tab, which displays the list Selected Sensors to the left and data storage tables to the right under Selected Outputs.

Section 4. Quickstart

FIGURE 5: Short Cut Outputs Tab

4.6.4.4 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 9 to 12)

9. As shown in the right-most pane of the previous figure, two output tables (1 Table1 and 2 Table2 tabs) are initially configured. Both tables have a Store Every field and a drop-down list from which to select the time units. These

are used to set the time intervals when data are stored.

10. Only one table is needed for this tutorial, so remove Table 2. Click 2 Table2 tab, then click Delete Table.

11. Change the name of the remaining table from Table1 to OneMin, and then change the Store Every interval to 1 Minutes.

12. Add measurements to the table by selecting BattV under Selected Sensors in the center pane. Click Average in the center column of buttons. Repeat this procedure for PTemp_C and Temp_C.

4.6.4.5 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 13 to 14)

13. Click Finish at the bottom of the Short Cut window to compile the program. At the prompt, name the program MyTemperature. A summary screen, like the one in the following figure, will appear showing the pre-compiler results. Pre-compile errors, if any, are displayed here.

Section 4. Quickstart

FIGURE 6: Short Cut Compile Confirmation Window and Results Tab

14. Close this window by clicking on X in the upper right corner.

4.6.5 Send Program and Collect Data

PC200W Datalogger Support Software objectives:

• Send the CRBasic program created by Short Cut in the previous

procedure to the CR6.

• Collect data from the CR6.

• Store the data on the PC.

4.6.5.1 Procedure: (PC200W Step 1)

1. From the PC200W Clock/Program tab, click on Connect (upper left) to connect the CR6 to the PC. As shown in the following figure, when connected, the Connect button changes to Disconnect.

CAUTION This procedure assumes there are no data already on the CR6. If there are data that you want to keep on the CR6, you should collect it before proceeding to the next step.

Section 4. Quickstart

FIGURE 7: PC200W Main Window

4.6.5.2 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 2 to 4)

2. Click Set Clock (right pane, center) to synchronize the CR6 clock with the computer clock.

3. Click Send Program... (right pane, bottom). A warning appears that data on the datalogger will be erased. Click Yes. A dialog box will open. Browse to the C:\CampbellSci\SCWin folder. Select the MyTemperature.CR6 file. Click Open. A status bar will appear while the program is sent to the CR6 followed by a confirmation that the transfer was successful. Click OK to close the confirmation.

4. After sending a program to the CR6, a good practice is to monitor the measurements to ensure they are reasonable. Select the Monitor Data tab. As shown in the following figure, PC200W now displays data found in the CR6 Public table.

Section 4. Quickstart

FIGURE 8: PC200W Monitor Data Tab – Public Table

4.6.5.3 Procedure: (PC200W Step 5)

5. To view the OneMin table, select an empty cell in the display area. Click Add. In the Add Selection window Tables field, click on OneMin, then click Paste. The OneMin table is now displayed.

Section 4. Quickstart

FIGURE 9: PC200W Monitor Data Tab — Public and OneMin Tables

4.6.5.4 Procedure: (PC200W Step 6)

6. Click on the Collect Data tab and select data to be collected and the storage location on the PC.

FIGURE 10: PC200W Collect Data Tab

4.6.5.5 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 7 to 10)

7. Click the OneMin box so a check mark appears in the box. Under What to Collect, select New data from datalogger.

8. Click on a table in the list to highlight it, then click Change Table's Output File... to change the name of the destination file.

9. Click on Collect. A progress bar will appear as data are collected, followed by a Collection Complete message. Click OK to continue.

Section 4. Quickstart

10. To view data, click the

icon at the top of the PC200W window to open

the View utility.

FIGURE 11: PC200W View Data Utility

Section 4. Quickstart

4.6.5.6 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 11 to 12)

11. Click on to open a file for viewing. In the dialog box, select the CR6_OneMin.dat file and click Open.

12. The collected data are now shown.

FIGURE 12: PC200W View Data Table

4.6.5.7 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 13 to 14)

13. Click the heading of any data column. To display the data in that column in a

line graph, click the

14. Close the Graph and View windows, and then close the PC200W program.

icon.

Section 4. Quickstart

FIGURE 13: PC200W View Line Graph

4.7 Data Acquisition Systems — Quickstart

Related Topics:

• Data Acquisition Systems — Quickstart (p. 57)

• Data Acquisition Systems — Overview

Acquiring data with a CR6 datalogger requires integration of the following into a data acquisition system:

• Electronic sensor technology

• CR6 datalogger

• Comms link

• Datalogger support software (p. 97)

A failure in any part of the system can lead to bad data or no data. The concept of a data acquisition system is illustrated in figure Data Acquisition System Components

• Sensors

(p. 58) Following is a list of typical system components:

(p. 39) — Electronic sensors convert the state of a phenomenon to

an electrical signal.

(p. 60)

• Datalogger

(p. 40) — The CR6 measures electrical signals or reads serial

characters. It converts the measurement or reading to engineering units, performs calculations, and reduces data to statistical values. Data are stored in memory to await transfer to a PC by way of an external storage device or a comms link.

Section 4. Quickstart

• Data Retrieval and Comms (p. 43) — Data are copied (not moved) from

the CR6, usually to a PC, by one or more methods using datalogger support software. Most of these comms options are bi-directional, which allows programs and settings to be sent to the CR6.

• Datalogger Support Software

(p. 44) — Software retrieves data and sends

programs and settings. The software manages the comms link and has options for data display.

• Programmable Logic Control

(p. 97) — Some data acquisition systems

require the control of external devices to facilitate a measurement or to control a device based on measurements. The CR6 is adept at programmable logic control.

• Measurement and Control Peripherals

(p. 92) — Sometimes, system

requirements exceed the capacity of the CR6. The excess can usually be handled by addition of input and output expansion modules.

FIGURE 14: Data Acquisition System Components

5. Overview

You have just received a big box (or several big boxes) from Campbell Scientific, opened it, spread its contents across the floor, and now you sit wondering what to do.

Well, that depends.

Probably, the first thing you should understand is the basic architecture of a data acquisition system. Once that framework is in mind, you can begin to conceptualize what to do next. So, job one, is to go back to the Quickstart

(p. 39)

section of this manual and work through the tutorial. When you have done that, and then read the following, you should have the needed framework.

A Campbell Scientific data acquisition system is made up of the following five basic components:

• Sensors

• Datalogger, which includes:

o Clock

o Measurement and control circuitry

o Memory

o Hardware and firmware to communicate with comms devices

o User-entered CRBasic program

• Power supply

• Comms link or external storage device

• Datalogger support software (p. 579)

The figure Data Acquisition Systems — Overview (p. 60) illustrates a common CR6-based data acquisition system.

Section 5. Overview

FIGURE 15: Data Acquisition System — Overview

5.1 Datalogger — Overview

The CR6 datalogger is the main part of the system. It is a precision instrument designed to withstand demanding environments and to use the smallest amount of power possible. It has a central-processing unit (CPU), analog and digital measurement inputs, analog and digital outputs, and memory. An operating system (firmware) coordinates the functions of these parts in conjunction with the on-board clock and the CRBasic application program.

Section 5. Overview

The application program is written in CRBasic, which is a programming language that includes measurement, data processing, and analysis routines and the standard BASIC instruction set. For simpler applications, Short Cut

(p. 601), a

user-friendly program generator, can be used to write the progam. For more demanding programs, use CRBasic Editor

(p. 578).

After measurements are made, data are stored in non-volatile memory. Most applications do not require that every measurement be recorded. Instead, the program usually combines several measurements into computational or statistical summaries, such as averages and standard deviations.

Programs are run by the CR6 in either sequential mode pipeline mode

(p. 595). In sequential mode, each instruction is executed sequentially

(p. 600) or the more efficient

in the order it appears in the program. In pipeline mode, the CR6 determines the order of instruction execution.

5.1.1 Wiring Panel — Overview

In the following figure, the CR6 wiring panel is illustrated. The wiring panel is the interface to most CR6 functions so studying it is a good way to get acquainted with the CR6. Functions of the terminals are broken down into the following categories. Each category is hyperlinked to the specification for that function. The wiring terminals are removable. For applications wherein shock or vibration is expected, or where strain may exist on the wiring harness, be sure to lock down the terminals with the screws provided at each end of the blocks.

• Analog input (p. 101)

•

Analog output (p. 108)

•

Pulse counting (p. 110)

•

Digital I/O input (p. 112)

•

Digital I/O output (p. 113)

•

Digital I/O communications (p. 114)

•

Dedicated power output terminal (p. 116)

•

Power input terminal (p. 122)

•

Ground terminals (p. 128)

•

Status lights (p. 129)

Section 5. Overview

C1 C2 C3 C4 U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 U7 U8 U9 U10 U11 U12 12V SW12

SW12

CS I/O RS

232/CPI

Maximum

FIGURE 16: Wiring Panel

CR6 Wiring Panel Terminal Definitions

Terminal Label  ============ Function 

Analog Input Function:

Single-ended

Differential

Period average

Vibrating wire2

Vibrating wire with thermistor

Thermistor

           

H L H L H L H L H L H L

           

     

  

     

-1

-2

TABLE 2: CR6 Wiring Panel Terminal Definitions

C1 C2 C3 C4 U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 U7 U8 U9 U10 U11 U12 12V SW12

SW12

232/CPI

Maximum

Terminal Label  ============ Function 

Analog Output Function:

Section 5. Overview

-1

-2 I/O

Switched-voltage excitation

Switched-Current Excitation

           

Pulse Counting Function:

Switch closure                 16

Low-level Vac

High frequency

     

               

Digital I/O Function:

True RS-232 (TX/RX)

TTL or LVTTL RS-232 (TX/RX)

Half-Duplex RS-485 (A– B+)

Full-Duplex RS-485 (Tx– Tx+ Rx– Rx+)

 

       

 



34

SDI-12

SDM (Data/Clock/Enable)

SPI (MOSI/SCLK/MISO)

I2C (SDA/SCL)

Control

Status



               

      



  

       

General I/O                 16

Pulse-width modulation

Timer Input

               

Section 5. Overview

C1 C2 C3 C4 U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 U7 U8 U9 U10 U11 U12 12V SW12

SW12

CS I/O RS

232/CPI

Maximum

TABLE 2: CR6 Wiring Panel Terminal Definitions

Terminal Label  ============ Function 

-1

-2

Interrupt

Voltage Output5:

12 Vdc

Switched 12 Vdc

3.3 Vdc

5 Vdc

Switched 12 Vdc

               



 

Ground Terminals

(input terminal)6

G (power & control)7

RG (100 Ω RS-485)8

(system lug)9

If more terminals are needed, terminal expansion modules are available. See section Measurement and Control Peripherals —

Overview

Static, VSPECT (p. 608) vibrating wire measurement

Requires an interfacing device for sensor input. See the section Hardwire, Single-Connection Comms Devices List (p. 660).

Requires an interfacing cable for DB9 I/O. See the section Hardwire, Single-Connection Comms Devices List (p. 660).

Check the table Current Source and Sink Limits (p. 124).

Best practice is to use the terminal that is bracketed with the input terminals used. When used as a current return, use the

(p. 92).

terminal bracketed with the U terminal that is configured for current excitation.

Use for power and control returns.

Use only for RS-485 communications.

Connect to Earth or chassis ground with large gage wire.

Note U and C terminals are paired. Pairs are U1/U2, C1/C2 and so forth. If one of a pair is configured for digital I/O, pulse counting, or analog input or output (U channels only), the other of the pair can only be used in that same function class. Likewise, if one of a pair is configured for 3.3 V or 5 V logic level, the other of the pair can only be used with that same logic level. SDI-12 and low-level AC terminals, while using only one terminal in a pair, tie up both terminals in the pair. Short Cut program configuration software knows these rules and fills in unused terminals when it can.

Note When a U or C terminal is configured for switch closure or high-frequency pulse, it will be internally configured as a pull-up to logic high (p. 590).

Other Wiring Panel Features

Section 5. Overview

CHG +, CHG –

BAT +, BAT –

Ethernet

USB

(lug)

Telemetry status lights (LEDs)

Power status lights (LEDs)

MicroSD / Act status light (LED)

Resistive Ground. 100 ohm, 2 watt resistor to ground. Used to decouple ground on RS-485 signal.

16 to 32 Vdc only. Able to handle a 24 V solar panel with over-charge voltage of 45 Vdc.

VRLA (valve-regulated lead-acid) battery only, 7 to 24 Ahr typical, or a regulated power source if not using the Charge +/- terminals. Not using Charge terminals bypasses charge circuit inefficiencies. 10 to 16 Vdc allowable voltage levels.

RJ45, 10/100 Mbps, Protocols supported: IP V4,IP V6, PakBus, Modbus, DNP3, HTTP/HTTPS, PPP, TLSv1.1, TCP, UDP, DHCP, FTP/FTPS, POP3/STLS, SMTP/STLS, XML, JSON

USB micro B 2.0 full speed for computer connection; 12 Mbps

Heavy gauge connection to earth ground

See Status Lights — Specifications

(p. 129).

See Status Lights — Specifications (p. 129).

See Status Lights — Specifications

(p. 129).

Ethernet status lights (LEDs)

See Status Lights — Specifications (p. 129).

Antenna connection WiFi, Cellular, SS 900Mhz or 2.4Ghz

Supports CPI networks.

Can be used for true RS-232 Tx/Rx and handshaking. RS-232 (DB9 pin 5) ground to both the resistive ground pins and the shield of the

CPI / RS-232

cable. Pin 7 of the RJ45 will function as the DTR (output CR6) and pin 8 of the RJ45 will function as the CTS (input CR6). Pin 1 of the RJ45 will function as the TX (output CR6) and pin 2 of the RJ45 will function as the RX (input CR6)

5.1.1.1 Switched Voltage Output — Overview

Related Topics:

• Switched Voltage Output — Specifications (p. 114)

• Switched Voltage Output — Overview (p. 65)

• Switched Voltage Output — Details (p. 473)

• Omnibus Current Source and Sink Limits — Specifications (p. 124)

• PLC Control — Overview (p. 97)

• PLC Control Modules — Overview (p. 477)

• PLC Control Modules — Lists (p. 655)

U and C terminals are selectable as binary inputs, control outputs, or communication ports. See Measurements — Overview

(p. 71) for a summary of

Section 5. Overview

measurement functions. Other functions include device-driven interrupts, asynchronous communications and SDI-12 communications. Table CR6 Terminal Definitions

(p. 62) summarizes available options.

Figure Control and Monitoring with U or C Terminals

(p. 66) illustrates a simple

application wherein a C terminal configured for digital input and another configured for control output are used to control a device (turn it on or off) and monitor the state of the device (whether the device is on or off).

FIGURE 17: Control and Monitoring with U or C Terminals

5.1.1.2 Voltage and Current Excitation — Overview

Related Topics:

• Voltage (p. 108) and Current (p. 66)Excitation — Specifications (p. 108)

• Voltage and Current Excitation — Overview (p. 66)

The CR6 has several terminals, and terminal configurations, designed to supply switched voltage to peripherals, sensors, or control devices:

• Voltage Excitation (switched-analog output) — U terminals configured

for voltage excitation output supply precise voltage. These terminals are regularly used with resistive-bridge measurements..

• Digital I/O — U and C terminals configured for on / off and PWM (pulse

width modulation) or PDM (pulse duration modulation) .

• Switched 12 Vdc — SW12 terminals. Primary battery voltage under

program control to control external devices (such as humidity sensors) requiring nominal 12 Vdc.

Section 5. Overview

• Continuous Analog Output (CAO) — available by adding a peripheral

analog output device available from Campbell Scientific. Refer to Analog-Output Modules — List

(p. 477) for information on available

expansion modules.

• Switched Current Excitation — any U terminal configured for current

excitation with return to

terminal. These terminals are regularly

used with resistive-bridge measurements.

5.1.1.3 Power Terminals

5.1.1.3.1 Power In Terminals

The – BAT +– CHG + connector is the connection point for external power supply components.

5.1.1.3.2 Power Out Terminals

Note Refer to Switched-Voltage Output — Details (p. 473) for more information about using the CR6 as a power supply for sensors and peripheral devices.

The CR6 can be used as a power source for sensors and peripherals. The following voltages are available:

• 12V terminals: unregulated nominal 12 Vdc. This supply closely tracks

the primary CR6 supply voltage, so it may rise above or drop below the power requirement of the sensor or peripheral. Precautions should be taken to prevent damage to sensors or peripherals from over- or under-voltage conditions, and to minimize the error associated with the measurement of underpowered sensors. See Power Supplies —

Overview

(p. 93).

• U and C terminals configured for power out — regulated ±2500 mV

• U terminals configured for power out — 3.3 or 5 Vdc

• C terminals configured for power out — 3.3 or 5 Vdc

5.1.1.4 Communication Ports — Overview

Related Topics:

• Communication Ports — Overview (p. 67)

• Data Retrieval and Comms — Overview (p. 85)

• CPI Port and CDM Devices — Overview (p. 70)

• PakBus — Overview (p. 87)

• RS-232 and TTL (p. 466)

Section 5. Overview

The CR6 is equipped with hardware ports that allow communication with other devices and networks, such as:

• PC

• Smart sensors

• Modbus and DNP3 networks

• Ethernet

• Modems

• Campbell Scientific PakBus networks

• Other Campbell Scientific dataloggers

• Campbell Scientific datalogger peripherals

Communication ports include:

• CS I/O

• RS-232

• USB

• SDI-12

• SDM

• CPI

• Ethernet

• MicroSD card slot (requires a micro SD card)

5.1.1.4.1 CS I/O Port

Read More See Serial Port Pinouts (p. 643).

• One nine-pin port, labeled CS I/O, for communicating with a PC or

modem through Campbell Scientific communication interfaces, modems, or peripherals. CS I/O comms interfaces are listed in the appendix

Serial I/O Modules — List

(p. 653).

Note Keep CS I/O cables short (maximum of a few feet).

5.1.1.4.2 RS-232 Ports

Note RS-232 communications normally operate well up to a transmission cable capacitance of 2500 picofarads, or approximately 50 feet of commonly available serial cable.

Section 5. Overview

• One RJ45 port, labeled CPI/RS-232, normally used to communicate

with another manufacturer's modem or smart sensor. Purchase Campbell Scientific pn 31055 (male DTE) or pn 31056 (female DCE, null modem) as an adapter. Conventional RJ45 to RS-232 adapters available from third-party vendors are NOT compatible.

5.1.1.4.3 USB Port

One micro-B USB port, labeled USB, for communicating with a PC with

datalogger support software

The USB connection only powers the programming, configuration, and analog measurement circuitry of the CR6. A USB COM port for the CR6 is created automatically on your PC when first you install the driver (this is done automatically when you install LoggerNet) and second, you connect the CR6 to the PC over the supplied USB cable. Once established, the CR6 USB port may disappear from the PC COM port lists momentarily while the CR6 is occupied by a system reset. If servicing multiple dataloggers over USB with the same PC, you may want to use the USBEnumerate

(p. 579). Use the USB cable supplied with the CR6.

(p. 640) setting.

Some computer and CR6 combinations will not communicate unless the USB cable between them does not have ferrite bead chokes.

5.1.1.4.4 Micro SD Card Slot

A micro-SD card slot for a removable, supplemental, memory card. See Status Lights (LEDs)

(p. 129).

5.1.1.4.5 SDI-12 Ports

Read More See the section Serial I/O: SDI-12 Sensor Support — Details

(p. 308).

Section 5. Overview

5.1.1.4.6 SDM Port

5.1.1.4.7 CPI Port and CDM Devices — Overview

SDI-12 is a 1200 baud protocol that supports many smart sensors. Each port requires one terminal and supports up to 16 individually addressed sensors.

• Up to eight ports configured from C or U terminals.

SDM is a protocol proprietary to Campbell Scientific that supports several Campbell Scientific digital sensor and comms input and output expansion peripherals and select smart sensors.

• Up to four SDM ports configured from U or C terminals.

Related Topics:

• CPI Port and CDM Devices — Overview (p. 70)

• CPI Port and CDM Devices — Details (p. 545)

CPI is a new proprietary protocol that supports an expanding line of Campbell Scientific CDM modules. CDM modules are higher-speed input- and output-expansion peripherals. CPI ports also enable networking between compatible Campbell Scientific dataloggers. Consult the manuals for CDM modules for more information.

• One RJ45 port labeled CPI.

5.1.1.4.8 Ethernet Port

Read More See the section TCP/IP — Details (p. 517).

• One RJ45 port labeled Ethernet.

5.1.1.5 Grounding — Overview

Related Topics:

• Grounding — Overview (p. 70)

• Grounding — Details (p. 141)

Proper grounding lends stability and protection to a data acquisition system. It is the easiest and least expensive insurance against data loss — and often the most neglected. The following terminals are provided for connection of sensor and CR6 datalogger grounds:

Signal ground reference for single-ended analog inputs, pulse

•

inputs, excitation returns, and as a ground for sensor shield wires. Signal returns for pulse inputs should use

input terminal. Current loop sensors, however, should be grounded to power ground.

terminals located next to the pulse

Section 5. Overview

• G Power ground return for SW12, 12V terminals, current loop sensors,

and U or C configured for control. Use of G grounds for these outputs minimizes potentially large current flow through the analog-voltage-measurement section of the wiring panel, which can cause single-ended voltage measurement errors.

• RG Resistive ground return for RS-485 connections.

Earth ground lug connection point for a heavy-gage earth-ground

•

wire. A good earth connection is necessary to secure the ground potential of the CR6 and shunt transients away from electronics. Minimum 14 AWG wire is recommended.

5.2 Measurements — Overview

Related Topics:

• Sensors — Quickstart (p. 39)

• Measurements — Overview

• Measurements — Details

• Sensors — Lists

(p. 657)

(p. 71)

(p. 387)

Most electronic sensors, whether or not they are supplied by Campbell Scientific, can be connected directly to the CR6.

Manuals that discuss alternative input routes, such as external multiplexers, peripheral measurement devices, or a wireless sensor network, can be found at www.campbellsci.com/manuals.

This section discusses direct sensor-to-datalogger connections and applicable CRBasic programming to instruct the CR6 how to make, process, and store the measurements. Terminals on the CR6 wiring panel, as described in table CR6

Terminal Definitions

(p. 62), are configurable for the measurements discussed in the

following sections:

5.2.1 Time Keeping — Overview

Related Topics:

• Time Keeping — Overview (p. 71)

• Time Keeping — Details (p. 387)

Measurement of time is an essential function of the CR6. Time measurement with the on-board clock enables the CR6 to attach time stamps to data, measure the interval between events, and time the initiation of control functions.

5.2.2 Analog Measurements — Overview

Related Topics:

• Analog Measurements — Overview (p. 71)

• Analog Measurements — Details

(p. 389)

Section 5. Overview

5.2.2.1 Voltage Measurements — Overview

Analog sensors output a continuous voltage or current signal that varies with the phenomena measured. Sensors compatible with the CR6 output a voltage. The CR6 can also measure analog current output when the current is converted to voltage by using a resistive shunt.

Sensor connection is to U terminals configured for differential or single-ended inputs. For example, differential channel U1 is comprised of terminals U1 and U2, with U1 as high and U2 as low.

Related Topics:

• Voltage Measurements — Specifications (p. 102)

• Voltage Measurements — Overview

• Voltage Measurements — Details

(p. 72)

(p. 415)

• Maximum input voltage range: ±5000 mV

• Measurement resolution range: 0.05 µV to 30 µV RMS

Single-ended and differential connections are illustrated in the figures Analog Sensor Wired to Single-Ended Channel #1 Differential Channel #1

(p. 73). Table CR6 Terminal Definitions (p. 62) lists the

(p. 73) and Analog Sensor Wired to

available analog input configurations.

Conceptually, analog voltage sensors output two signals: high and low. For example, a sensor that outputs 1000 mV on the high lead and 0 mV on the low has an overall output of 1000 mV. A sensor that outputs 2000 mV on the high lead and 1000 mV on the low also has an overall output of 1000 mV. Sometimes, the low signal is simply sensor ground (0 mV). A single-ended measurement measures the high signal with reference to ground, with the low signal tied to ground. A differential measurement measures the high signal with reference to the low signal. Each configuration has a purpose, but the differential configuration is usually preferred.

A differential configuration may significantly improve the voltage measurement. Following are conditions that often indicate that a differential measurement should be used:

• Ground currents cause voltage drop between the sensor and the

signal-ground terminal. Currents >5 mA are usually considered undesirable. These currents may result from resistive-bridge sensors using voltage excitation, but these currents only flow when the voltage excitation is applied. Return currents associated with voltage excitation cannot influence other single-ended measurements of small voltage unless the same voltage-excitation terminal is enabled during the unrelated measurements.

• Measured voltage is less than 200 mV.

Section 5. Overview

FIGURE 18: Analog Sensor Wired to Single-Ended Channel #1

FIGURE 19: Analog Sensor Wired to Differential Channel #1

5.2.2.1.1 Single-Ended Measurements — Overview

Related Topics:

• Single-Ended Measurements — Overview (p. 73)

• Single-Ended Measurements — Details

(p. 422)

Section 5. Overview

A single-ended measurement measures the difference in voltage between the terminal configured for single-ended input and the reference ground. While differential measurements are usually preferred, a single-ended measurement is often adequate in applications wherein some types of noise are not present and care is taken to avoid problems caused by ground currents

(p. 585). Examples of

applications wherein a single-ended measurement may be preferred include:

• Not enough differential terminals available. Differential measurements

use twice as many U terminals as do single-ended measurements.

• Sensor is not designed for differential measurements. Many Campbell

Scientific sensors are not designed for differential measurement, but the draw backs of a single-ended measurement are usually mitigated by large programmed excitation and/or sensor output voltages.

However, be aware that because a single-ended measurement is referenced to CR6 ground, any difference in ground potential between the sensor and the CR6 will result in error, as emphasized in the following examples:

• If the measuring junction of a thermocouple used to measure soil

temperature is not insulated, and the potential of earth ground is greater at the sensor than at the point where the CR6 is grounded, a measurement error will result. For example, if the difference in grounds is 1 mV, with a copper-constantan thermocouple, the error will be approximately 25 °C.

• If signal conditioning circuitry, such as might be found in a gas analyzer,

and the CR6 use a common power supply, differences in current drain and lead resistance often result in different ground potentials at the two instruments despite the use of a common ground. A differential measurement should be made on the analog output from the external signal conditioner to avoid error.

5.2.2.1.2 Differential Measurements — Overview

Related Topics:

• Differential Measurements — Overview (p. 74)

• Differential Measurements — Details

(p. 422)

Summary Use a differential configuration when making voltage measurements, unless constrained to do otherwise.

A differential measurement measures the difference in voltage between two input terminals. Its autosequence is characterized by multiple measurements, the results of which are autoaveraged before the final value is reported. For example, the sequence on a differential measurement using the VoltDiff() instruction involves two measurements — first with the high input referenced to the low, then with the inputs reversed. Reversing the inputs before the second measurement cancels noise common to both leads as well as small errors caused by junctions of different metals that are throughout the measurement electronics.

Section 5. Overview

5.2.2.2 Current Measurements — Overview

Related Topics:

• Current Measurements — Overview (p. 75)

• Current Measurements — Details

(p. 415)

A measurement of current is accomplished through the use of external resistors to convert current to voltage, then measure the voltage as explained in the section

Differential Measurements — Overview

(p. 74). The voltage is measured with the

CR6 voltage measurement circuitry. U terminals can be configured to supply precise current excitation for use with resistive bridges.

5.2.2.3 Resistance Measurements — Overview

Related Topics:

• Resistance Measurements — Specifications (p. 106)

• Resistance Measurements — Overview (p. 75)

• Resistance Measurements — Details (p. 406)

• Measurement: RTD, PRT, PT100, PT1000 (p. 326)

Many analog sensors use some kind of variable resistor as the fundamental sensing element. As examples, wind vanes use potentiometers, pressure transducers use strain gages, and temperature sensors use thermistors. These elements are placed in a Wheatstone bridge or related circuit. With the exception of PRTs, another type of variable resistor. See Measurement: RTD, PRT, PT100, PT1000 resistors into a resistor bridge. Sensor manufacturers consider many criteria when deciding what type of resistive bridge to use for their sensors. The CR6 can measure most bridge circuit configurations.

(p. 326). This manual does not give instruction on how to build variable

5.2.2.3.1 Voltage Excitation

Bridge resistance is determined by measuring the difference between a known voltage applied to the excitation (input) arm of a resistor bridge and the voltage measured on the output arm. The CR6 supplies a precise-voltage excitation via U terminals configured for voltage excitation output. Return voltage is measured on U terminals configured for single-ended or differential input. Examples of bridge-sensor wiring using voltage excitation are illustrated in figures Half-Bridge

Wiring — Wind Vane Potentiometer Transducer

(p. 77).

(p. 76) and Full-Bridge Wiring — Pressure

Section 5. Overview

FIGURE 20: Half-Bridge Wiring Example — Wind Vane Potentiometer

Section 5. Overview

FIGURE 21: Full-Bridge Wiring Example — Pressure Transducer

5.2.2.3.2 Current Excitation

Resistance can also be measured by supplying a precise current and measuring the return voltage. The CR6 supplies a precise current from terminals configured for current excitation. Return voltage is measured on U terminals configured for single-ended or differential analog input. Examples of bridge-sensor wiring using current excitation are illustrated in FIGURE: PT100 Resistance() Basic-Circuit Schematic

(p. 344).

Section 5. Overview

5.2.2.4 Strain Measurements — Overview

5.2.3 Pulse Measurements — Overview

Related Topics:

• Strain Measurements — Overview (p. 78)

• Strain Measurements — Details

• FieldCalStrain() Examples

(p. 413)

(p. 296)

Strain gage measurements are usually associated with structural-stress analysis.

Related Topics:

• Pulse Measurements — Specifications (p. 110)

• Pulse Measurements — Overview (p. 78)

• Pulse Measurements — Details (p. 438)

The output signal generated by a pulse sensor is a series of voltage waves. The sensor couples its output signal to the measured phenomenon by modulating wave frequency. The CR6 detects the state transition as each wave varies between voltage extremes (high-to-low or low-to-high). Measurements are processed and presented as counts, frequency, or timing data.

U and C terminals are configurable for pulse input to measure counts or frequency from the following signal types:

• High-frequency 5 Vdc square-wave

• Switch closure

• Low-level ac

• State

• Edge counting

• Edge timing

Note A period-averaging sensor has a frequency output, but it is connected to a U terminal configured for period-average input and measured with the PeriodAverage() instruction. See Period Averaging — Overview

(p. 81).

5.2.3.1 Pulses Measured

The CR6 measures three types of pulse outputs, which are illustrated in the figure

Pulse Sensor Output Signal Types

(p. 79).

Section 5. Overview

FIGURE 22: Pulse Sensor Output Signal Types

5.2.3.2 Pulse Input Channels

The chart CR6 Terminal Definitions (p. 62) shows which terminals can be configured as pulse input channels and the types of pulse measurements made.

5.2.3.3 Pulse Sensor Wiring

Read More See Pulse Measurement Tips (p. 445).

An example of a pulse sensor connection is illustrated in figure Pulse Input Wiring Example — Anemometer Switch

wires, one of which is ground. Connect the ground wire to a terminal. Connect the other wire to a U or C terminal configured for pulse input. Sometimes the sensor will require power from the CR6, so there may be two added wires — one of which will be power ground. Connect power ground to a G terminal. Do not confuse the pulse wire with the positive power wire, or damage to the sensor or CR6 may result. Some switch closure sensors may require a pull-up resistor. Pulse input terminals can be configured in the program to use internal pull-up (default) or pull-down resistors.

(p. 80). Pulse sensors have two active

(signal ground)

Section 5. Overview

FIGURE 23: Pulse Input Wiring Example — Anemometer

Section 5. Overview

5.2.4 Period Averaging — Overview

Related Topics:

• Period Average Measurements — Specifications (p. 107)

• Period Average Measurements — Overview (p. 81)

• Period Average Measurements — Details (p. 465)

CR6 U terminals can be configured to measure period average. .

Note Both pulse count and period average measurements are used to measure frequency output sensors. Yet pulse count and period average measurement methods are different. Pulse count measurements use dedicated hardware — pulse count accumulators, which are always monitoring the input signal, even when the CR6 is between program scans. In contrast, period average measurement instructions only monitor the input signal during a program scan. Consequently, pulse count scans can usually be much less frequent than period average scans. Pulse counters may be more susceptible to low-frequency noise because they are always "listening", whereas period averaging may filter the noise by reason of being "asleep" most of the time. Pulse count measurements are not appropriate for sensors that are powered off between scans, whereas period average measurements work well since they can be placed in the scan to execute only when the sensor is powered and transmitting the signal.

Period average measurements use a high-frequency digital clock to measure time differences between signal transitions, whereas pulse count measurements simply accumulate the number of counts. As a result, period average measurements offer much better frequency resolution per measurement interval, as compared to pulse count measurements. The frequency resolution of pulse count measurements can be improved by extending the measurement interval by increasing the scan interval and by averaging. For information on frequency resolution, see Frequency

Resolution

(p. 442).

5.2.5 Vibrating Wire Measurements — Overview

Related Topics:

• Vibrating Wire Measurements — Specifications (p. 107)

• Vibrating Wire Measurements — Overview

• Vibrating Wire Measurements — Details

Vibrating wire sensors are the sensor of choice in many environmental and industrial applications that need sensors that will be stable over very long periods, such as years or even decades. The CR6 can measure these sensors either directly or through interface modules.

A thermistor included in most sensors can be measured to compensate for temperature errors.

(p. 81)

(p. 447)

Section 5. Overview

U terminals are configurable for VSPECT

(p. 608) vibrating wire analysis.

Dynamic VSPECT measurements require addition of an interface module.

5.2.5.1 VSPECT Quickstart

The figure VSPECT Vibrating Wire Measurement Wiring (p. 82) illustrates an example of how a vibrating wire sensor with a thermistor, and two vibrating wire sensors without thermistors, are connected to the CR6. Use Short Cut create a program and wiring diagram for most types of vibrating wire sensors. Access the vibrating wire measurement in Short Cut through the Generic Measurements sensors folder. Short Cut also has measurements for specific sensor models in the Geotechnical & Structural and Water | Level & Flow folders. More information about programming the CR6 for vibrating wire measurements is located in VSPECT Programming

(p. 456).

FIGURE 24: VSPECT Vibrating Wire Measurement Wiring

(p. 601) to

5.2.6 Reading Smart Sensors — Overview

Related Topics:

• Reading Smart Sensors — Overview (p. 82)

• Reading Smart Sensors — Details

A smart sensor is equipped with independent measurement circuitry that makes the basic measurement and sends measurement and measurement related data to the CR6. Smart sensors vary widely in output modes. Many have multiple output options. Output options supported by the CR6 include SDI-12

(p. 356), RS-485 (p. 356), Modbus (p. 525), and DNP3 (p. 525).

RS-232

(p. 466)

(p. 308),

Section 5. Overview

The following smart sensor types can be measured on the indicated terminals:

• SDI-12 devices: U and C

• Synchronous Devices for Measurement (SDM): U and C

• Smart sensors: U and C terminals, RS-232 port, and CS I/O port with

the appropriate interface.

• Modbus or DNP3 network: RS-232 port and CS I/O port with the

appropriate interface

• Other serial I/O devices: U and C terminals, RS-232 port, and CS I/O

port with the appropriate interface

5.2.6.1 SDI-12 Sensor Support — Overview

Related Topics:

• SDI-12 Sensor Support — Overview (p. 83)

• SDI-12 Sensor Support — Details (p. 469)

• Serial I/O: SDI-12 Sensor Support — Programming Resource (p. 308)

SDI-12 is a smart-sensor protocol that uses one input port on the CR6 and is powered by 12 Vdc. Refer to the chart CR6 Terminal Definitions

(p. 62), which

indicates U and C terminals that can be configured for SDI-12 input.

5.2.6.2 RS-232 — Overview

Refer to the chart CR6 Terminal Definitions (p. 62), which indicates which terminals can be configured for RS-232 sensors.

RS-232 sensors can often be connected to U or C terminal pairs configured for serial I/O or to the CS I/O port with the proper adapter. Ports can be set up for baud rate, parity, stop-bit, and so forth as described in CRBasic Editor Help.

Section 5. Overview

FIGURE 25: Terminals Configurable for RS-232 Input

5.2.6.3 RS-485 — Overview

Related Topics:

• RS-485 — Overview

• RS-485 — Details

Refer to the chart CR6 Terminal Definitions (p. 62), which indicates C terminals that can be configured for RS-485 input.

5.2.7 Field Calibration — Overview

Related Topics:

• Field Calibration — Overview (p. 84)

• Field Calibration — Details

Calibration increases accuracy of a measurement device by adjusting its output, or the measurement of its output, to match independently verified quantities. Adjusting sensor output directly is preferred, but not always possible or practical. By adding FieldCal() or FieldCalStrain() instructions to the CR6 CRBasic program, measurements of a linear sensor can be adjusted by modifying the programmed multiplier and offset applied to the measurement without modifying or recompiling the CRBasic program.

(p. 280)

Section 5. Overview

5.2.8 Cabling Effects — Overview

Related Topics:

• Cabling Effects — Overview (p. 85)

• Cabling Effects — Details

(p. 470)

Sensor cabling can have significant effects on sensor response and accuracy. This is usually only a concern with sensors acquired from manufacturers other than Campbell Scientific. Campbell Scientific sensors are engineered for optimal performance with factory-installed cables.

5.2.9 Synchronizing Measurements — Overview

Related Topics:

• Synchronizing Measurements — Overview (p. 85)

• Synchronizing Measurements — Details

Timing of a measurement is usually controlled relative to the CR6 clock.

(p. 471)

5.2.9.1 Synchronizing Measurements in the CR6 — Overview

When sensors in a sensor network are measured by a single CR6, measurement times are synchronized, often within a few milliseconds, depending on sensor number and measurement type.

5.2.9.2 Synchronizing Measurements in a Datalogger Network — Overview

Large numbers of sensors, cable length restrictions, or long distances between measurement sites may require use of multiple CR6s.

5.3 Data Retrieval and Comms — Overview

Related Topics:

• Data Retrieval and Comms — Quickstart (p. 43)

• Data Retrieval and Comms — Overview (p. 85)

• Data Retrieval and Comms — Details (p. 514)

• Data Retrieval and Comms Peripherals — Lists (p. 659)

The CR6 communicates with external devices to receive programs, send data, or join a network. Data are usually moved through a comms link consisting of hardware and a protocol using Campbell Scientific datalogger support software

663).

Data can also be shuttled with external memory such as a micro-SD card (CRD: drive) or a Campbell Scientific mass storage media (USB: drive) to the PC.

(p.

Section 5. Overview

5.3.1 Data File Formats in CR6 Memory

5.3.2 Data Format on Computer

5.3.3 Mass-Storage Device

Routine CR6 operations store data in binary data tables. However, when the TableFile() instruction is used, data are also stored in one of several formats in discrete text files in internal or external memory. See Memory Drives —

On-board

(p. 493) for more information on the use of the TableFile() instruction.

CR6 data stored on a PC with datalogger support software (p. 663) are formatted as either ASCII or binary depending on the file type selected in the support software. Consult the software manual for details on available data-file formats.

Caution When removing a Campbell Scientific mass storage device (thumb drive) from the CR6, do so only when the LED is not lit or flashing. Removing the device while it is active can cause data corruption.

Data stored on a SC115 Campbell Scientific mass storage device can be retrieved via a comms link to the CR6 if the device remains on the CS I/O port. Data can also be retrieved by removing the device, connecting it to a PC, and copying off files using Windows File Explorer.

5.3.4 Memory Card (CRD: Drive) — Overview

Related Topics:

• Memory Card (CRD: Drive) — Overview (p. 86)

• Memory Card (CRD: Drive) — Details (p. 495)

• Memory Cards and Record Numbers (p. 500)

• Data Output: Writing High-Frequency Data to Memory Cards (p. 268)

• File System Errors (p. 512)

• Data Storage Devices — List (p. 661)

• Data File Format Examples (p. 498)

• Data Storage Drives Table (p. 492)

Caution Observe the following precautions when using memory cards:

• Before removing a card from the card slot, disable it by pressing the

Eject button, wait for the green light.

• Do not remove a memory card while the drive is active or data

corruption and damage to the card may result.

• Prevent data loss by collecting data before sending a program from the

memory card to the CR6. Sending a program from the card to the CR6 often erases all data.

Section 5. Overview

Data stored on a memory card are collected to a PC through a comms link with the CR6 or by removing the card and collecting it directly using a third-party adapter on a PC.

5.3.4.1 Comms

The CR6 accesses data on the card as needed to fill data-collection requests initiated with the datalogger support software Collect

(p. 576) command. An

alternative, if care is taken, is to collect data in binary form. Binary data are collected using the datalogger support software File Control | Retrieve

(p. 583)

command. Before collecting data this way, stop the CR6 program to ensure data are not written to the card while data are retrieved, or data will be corrupted.

5.3.4.2 Direct with Adapter to PC

Data transfer is much faster through an adapter than through a comm link. This speed difference is especially noticeable with large files.

The format of data files collected by direct connection of the card with a PC may be different than the standard Campbell Scientific data file formats (binary — format depends on the instruction used to write to the card). See section Data File Format Examples converted to a Campbell Scientific format using CardConvert

(p. 498) for more information. Binary data files can be

(p. 575) software.

5.3.5 Comms Protocols

The primary communication protocol is PakBus (p. 594). PakBus is a protocol proprietary to Campbell Scientific.

5.3.5.1 PakBus Comms — Overview

Related Topics:

• PakBus Comms — Overview (p. 87)

• PakBus Networking Guide (available at www.campbellsci.com/manuals)

The CR6 communicates with datalogger support software (p. 663), comms peripherals

network communication protocol. PakBus is a protocol similar in concept to IP (Internet Protocol). By using signatured data packets, PakBus increases the number of communication and networking options available to the CR6. Communication can occur via TCP/IP, on the USB port, CS I/O port, and U or C terminals.

Advantages of PakBus are as follows:

• Simultaneous communication between the CR6 and other devices.

(p. 659), and other dataloggers (p. 651) with PakBus, a proprietary

Section 5. Overview

• Peer-to-peer communication — no PC required. Special CRBasic

instructions simplify transferring data between dataloggers for distributed decision making or control.

• Data consolidation — other PakBus dataloggers can be used as sensors

to consolidate all data into one Campbell Scientific datalogger.

• Routing — the CR6 can act as a router, passing on messages intended for

another Campbell Scientific datalogger. PakBus supports automatic route detection and selection.

• Short distance networks — with no extra hardware, a CR6 can talk to

another CR6 over distances up to 30 feet by connecting transmit, receive and ground wires between the dataloggers.

In a PakBus network, each datalogger is set to a unique address. The default PakBus address in most devices is 1. To communicate with the CR6, the datalogger support software address is changed using the CR1000KD Keyboard/Display

(p. 148), CR6 Status table (p. 613), or PakBus Graph (p. 594) software.

utility

must know the CR6 PakBus address. The PakBus

(p. 532), DevConfig

5.3.6 Alternate Comms Protocols — Overview

Related Topics:

• Alternate Comms Protocols — Overview (p. 88)

• Alternate Comms Protocols — Details (p. 516)

Other comms protocols are supported, including Web API (p. 524, p. 524), Modbus

(p. 88), DNP3 (p. 89), I2C (p. 90), and SPI (p. 90). Refer to Communications —

Specifications Retrieval and Comms Peripherals — Lists

Campbell Scientific.

Keyboard displays also communicate with the CR6. See Keyboard/Display — Overview

5.3.6.1 Modbus — Overview

Related Topics:

• Modbus — Overview (p. 88)

• Modbus — Details

The CR6 supports Modbus master and Modbus slave communications for inclusion in Modbus SCADA networks. Modbus is a widely used SCADA communication protocol that facilitates exchange of information and data between computers / HMI software, instruments (RTUs) and Modbus-compatible sensors. The CR6 communicates with Modbus over RS-232, RS-485, and TCP.

(p. 117) for a complete list of supported protocols. See Data

(p. 659) for devices available from

(p. 90) for more information.

(p. 525)

Modbus systems consist of a master (PC), RTU / PLC slaves, field instruments (sensors), and the communication-network hardware. The communication port, baud rate, data bits, stop bits, and parity are set in the Modbus driver of the master

Section 5. Overview

and / or the slaves. The CR6 supports RTU and ASCII communication modes on RS-232 and RS485 connections. It exclusively uses the TCP mode on IP connections.

Field instruments can be queried by the CR6. Because Modbus has a set command structure, programming the CR6 to get data from field instruments is much simpler than from serial sensors. Because Modbus uses a common bus and addresses each node, field instruments are effectively multiplexed to a CR6 without additional hardware.

5.3.6.2 DNP3 — Overview

Related Topics:

• DNP3 — Overview (p. 89)

• DNP3 — Details (p. 525)

The CR6 supports DNP3 slave communications for inclusion in DNP3 SCADA networks.

5.3.6.3 TCP/IP — Overview

•

Related Topics:

• TCP/IP — Overview

• TCP/IP — Details

(p. 517)

The following TCP/IP protocols are supported by the CR6 or when using a cell modem with the PPP/IP key enabled. The following sections include information on some of these protocols:

• DHCP

• DNS

• FTP/FTPS

• HTML

• HTTP

• HTTPS

• Micro-serial server

• Modbus TCP/IP

• NTCIP

• NTP

• PakBus over TCP/IP

• Ping

• POP3

• SMTP

• SNMP

• Telnet

• Web API

• XML

• UDP

• IPv4

• IPv6

• UDP

• SPI

• I2C

Section 5. Overview

5.3.6.4 SPI — Overview

5.3.6.5 I2C — Overview

Serial Peripheral Interface is a clocked synchronous interface, used for short distance communications, generally between embedded devices. Three CRBasic instructions provide support for the protocol. See CRBasic Editor Help.

U terminals support SPI. Use of CRBasic instructions that support SPI is considered an advanced use of the CR6, and programmers must obtain elsewhere an understanding of the operation and details of SPI. The CR6 acts as the master device communicating with slaves.

Inter-Integrated Circuit, generally pronounced I-squared-C or I-two-C. I2C uses two bidirectional open-drain lines. Serial Data Line (SDA) and Serial Clock Line (SCL) pulled up with resistors. The CR6 provides pull-ups to allow communications, but the pull resistors are not strong enough for high speed communications. If higher speeds are required, use external pull-up resistors.

U terminals support I2C. Use of CRBasic instructions that support I2C are considered advanced uses of the CR6, and programmers must obtain an understanding of the operation and details of I2C elsewhere. The CR6 acts as the master device communicating with slaves. See CRBasic Editor Help for more information and an example.

5.3.7 Comms Hardware — Overview

The CR6 can accommodate, in one way or another, nearly all comms options. Campbell Scientific specializes in RS-232, USB, RS-485, short haul (twisted pairs), Wi-Fi, radio (single frequency and spread spectrum), land-line telephone, cell phone / IP modem, satellite, ethernet/internet, and sneaker net (external memory).

The most common comms hardware is an RS-232 cable or USB cable. These are short-distance direct-connect devices that require no configuration of the CR6. The CR6-WIFI, CR6-RF407, and CR6-RF451, have built in comms devices. All other comms methods require peripheral devices; some require that CR6 settings be configured differently than the defaults.

Go to On-Board Wi-Fi Setup

(p. 159) for a procedure that configures the CR6-WIFI

for Wi-Fi comms.

5.3.8 Keyboard/Display — Overview

The CR1000KD Keyboard/Display is a powerful tool for field use. The CR1000KD, illustrated in figure CR1000KD Keyboard/Display separately from the CR6.

The keyboard/display is an essential installation, maintenance, and troubleshooting tool for many applications. It allows interrogation and configuration of the CR6 datalogger independent of other comms links. More

(p. 91), is purchased

Section 5. Overview

information on the use of the keyboard/display is available in Custom Menus — Overview

(p. 91). The keyboard/display will not operate when a USB cable is

plugged into the USB port.

FIGURE 26: CR1000KD Keyboard/Display

5.3.8.1 Character Set

The keyboard display character set is accessed using one of the following three procedures:

• The 16 keys default to ▲, ▼, ◄, ►, Home, PgUp, End, PgDn, Del,

and Ins.

• To enter numbers, first press Num Lock. Num Lock stays set until

pressed again.

• Above all keys, except Num Lock and Shift, are characters printed in

blue. To enter one of these characters, press Shift one to three times to select the position of the character as shown above the key, then press the key. For example, to enter Y, press Shift Shift Shift PgDn.

• To insert a space (Spc) or change case (Cap), press Shift one to two

times for the position, then press BkSpc.

• To insert a character not printed on the keyboard, enter Ins , scroll down

to Character, press Enter, then press ▲, ▼, ◄, ► to scroll to the desired character in the list that is presented, then press Enter.

5.3.8.2 Custom Menus — Overview

CRBasic programming in the CR6 facilitates creation of custom menus for the CR1000KD Keyboard/Display.

Section 5. Overview

Figure Custom Menu Example (p. 92) shows windows from a simple custom menu named DataView by the programmer. DataView appears in place of the default main menu on the keyboard display. As shown, DataView has menu item Counter, and submenus PanelTemps, TCTemps and System Menu. Counter allows selection of one of four values. Each submenu displays two values from CR6 memory. PanelTemps shows the CR6 wiring-panel temperature at each scan, and the one-minute sample of panel temperature. TCTemps displays two thermocouple temperatures.

FIGURE 27: Custom Menu Example

5.4 Measurement and Control Peripherals — Overview

Modules are available from Campbell Scientific to expand the number of terminals on the CR6. These include:

Multiplexers

Multiplexers increase the input capacity of terminals configured for analog-input, and the output capacity of terminals configured for excitation.

SDM Devices

Serial Device for Measurement expand the input and output capacity of the

CR6. These devices connect to the CR6 through one set of three U or C terminals configured as an SDM port..

CDM Devices

Campbell Distributed Modules measurement and control modules that use

the high speed CAN Peripheral Interface (CPI) bus technology. These connect through the CPI RJ45 connector.

Section 5. Overview

5.5 Power Supplies — Overview

The CR6 is internally protected against accidental polarity reversal on the power inputs.

The CR6 has a modest-input power requirement. For example, in low-power applications, it can operate for several months on non-rechargeable batteries. Power systems for longer-term remote applications typically consist of a charging source, a charge controller, and a rechargeable battery. When ac line power is available, a Vac-to-Vdc wall adapter, the on-board charging regulator, and a rechargeable battery can be used to construct a UPS (un-interruptible power supply).

5.5.1 Charging Batteries — Overview

The output of the BAT terminals when a charging voltage is applied to the CHG terminals is only suited for 12 Vdc lead acid batteries. It is NOT suited for lithium iron phosphate batteries.

5.6 CR6 Setup — Overview

Related Topics:

• CR6 Setup — Overview (p. 93)

• CR6 Setup — Details (p. 147)

• Status, Settings, and Data Table Information (Info Tables and Settings)

(p. 613)

The CR6 is shipped factory-ready with an operating system (OS) installed. Settings default to those necessary to communicate with a PC via USB and to accept and execute application programs. For more complex applications, some settings may need adjustment. Settings can be changed with the following:

• DevConfig (Device Configuration Utility)

• CR1000KD Keyboard/Display

• Datalogger support software

OS files are sent to the CR6 with DevConfig or through the program Send button in datalogger support software. When the OS is sent with DevConfig, most settings are cleared, whereas, when sent with datalogger support software, most settings are retained. Operating systems can also be transferred to the CR6 with a Campbell Scientific mass storage device or memory card. OS and settings remain intact when power is cycled.

Section 5. Overview

5.7 CRBasic Programming — Overview

OS updates are occasionally made available at www.campbellsci.com.

Related Topics:

• CRBasic Programming — Overview (p. 94)

• CRBasic Programming — Details (p. 180)

• Programming Resource Library (p. 232)

• CRBasic Editor Help

A CRBasic program directs the CR6 how and when sensors are to be measured, calculations made, and data stored. A program is created on a PC and sent to the CR6. The CR6 can store a number of programs in memory, but only one program is active at a given time. Two Campbell Scientific software applications, Short Cut and CRBasic Editor, are used to create CR6 programs.

• Short Cut creates a datalogger program and wiring diagram in four easy

steps. It supports most sensors sold by Campbell Scientific and is recommended for creating simple programs to measure sensors and store data.

• Programs generated by Short Cut are easily imported into CRBasic

Editor for additional editing. For complex applications, experienced

programmers often create essential measurement and data storage code with Short Cut, then add more complex code with CRBasic Editor.

Note Once a Short Cut generated program has been edited with CRBasic Editor, it can no longer be modified with Short Cut.

5.8 Security — Overview

The CR6 is supplied void of active security measures. By default, RS-232, Telnet, FTP and HTTP services, all of which give high level access to CR6 data and CRBasic programs, are enabled without password protection.

You may wish to secure your CR6 from mistakes or tampering. The following may be reasons to concern yourself with datalogger security:

• Collection of sensitive data

• Operation of critical systems

• Networks accessible by many individuals

If you are concerned about security, especially TCP/IP threats, you should send the latest operating system to the CR6, disable un-used services, and secure those that are used. Security actions to take may include the following:

• Set passcode lockouts

• Set PakBus/TCP password

Section 5. Overview

• Set FTP username and password

• Set AES-128 PakBus encryption key

• Set .csipasswd file for securing HTTP and web API

• Track signatures

• Encrypt program files if they contain sensitive information

• Hide program files for extra protection

• Secure the physical CR6 and power supply under lock and key

Note All security features can be subverted through physical access to the CR6. If absolute security is a requirement, the physical CR6 must be kept in a secure location.

5.9 Maintenance — Overview

Related Topics:

• Maintenance — Overview (p. 95)

• Maintenance — Details

(p. 547)

With reasonable care, the CR6 should give many years of reliable service.

5.9.1 Protection from Moisture — Overview

Protection from Moisture — Overview (p. 95) Protection from Moisture — Details (p. 147) Protection from Moisture — Products (p. 670)

The CR6 and most of its peripherals must be protected from moisture. Moisture in the electronics will seriously damage, and probably render un-repairable, the CR6. Water can come in liquid form from flooding or sprinkler irrigation, but most often it comes as condensation. In most cases, protection from water is easily accomplished by placing the CR6 in a weather-tight enclosure with desiccant and by elevating the enclosure above the ground. The CR6 is shipped with internal desiccant packs to reduce humidity. Desiccant in enclosures should be changed periodically.

Note Do not completely seal the enclosure if lead acid batteries are present; hydrogen gas generated by the batteries may build up to an explosive concentration.

5.9.2 Protection from Voltage Transients — Overview

The CR6 must be grounded to minimize the risk of damage by voltage transients associated with power surges and lightning-induced transients. Earth grounding is

Section 5. Overview

5.9.3 Factory Calibration — Overview

5.9.4 Internal Battery — Overview

required to form a complete circuit for voltage clamping devices internal to the CR6.

Related Topics:

• Internal Battery — Quickstart (p. 42)

• Internal Battery — Details

(p. 547)

The CR6 contains a lithium battery that operates the clock and powers SRAM when the CR6 is not externally powered. Voltage of the battery is monitored from the CR6 Status table (LithiumBattery Internal Battery — Details

(p. 547).

(p. 631)). Replace the battery as directed in

The lithium battery is not rechargeable. Its design is one of the safest available and uses lithium thionyl chloride technology. Maximum discharge current is limited to a few mA. It is protected from discharging excessive current to the internal circuits (there is no direct path outside) with a 100 ohm resistor. The design is UL listed. See:

http://www.tadiran-batterie.de/download/eng/LBR06Eng.pdf.

5.10 Datalogger Support Software — Overview

Related Topics:

• Datalogger Support Software — Quickstart (p. 44)

• Datalogger Support Software — Overview

• Datalogger Support Software — Details

• Datalogger Support Software — Lists

Datalogger support software handles communication between a computer or device and the CR6. A wide array of software are available, but the following are the most commonly used:

• Short Cut Program Generator for Windows (SCWin) — Generates

simple CRBasic programs without the need to learn the CRBasic programming language

• PC200W Datalogger Starter Software for Windows — Supports only

direct serial connection to the CR6 with hardwire or select Campbell Scientific radios. It supports sending a CRBasic program, data collection, and setting the CR6 clock; available at no charge at www.campbellsci.com/downloads

(p. 97)

(p. 480)

(p. 662)

Section 5. Overview

• LoggerLink Mobile Apps — Simple tools that allow an iOS or Android

device to communicate with IP, Wi-Fi, or Bluetooth enabled CR6s; includes most PC200W functionality.

• PC400 Datalogger Support Software — Includes PC200W functions,

CRBasic Editor, and supports all Campbell Scientific communications

hardware, except satellite, in attended mode

• LoggerNet Datalogger Support Software — Includes all PC400 functions

and supports all Campbell Scientific communication options, except satellite, attended and automatically; includes many enhancements such as graphical data displays and a display builder

Note More information about software available from Campbell Scientific can be found at www.campbellsci.com.

5.11 PLC Control — Overview

Related Topics:

• PLC Control — Overview (p. 97)

• PLC Control Modules — Overview (p. 477)

• PLC Control Modules — Lists (p. 655)

• Switched Voltage Output — Specifications (p. 114)

• Switched Voltage Output — Overview (p. 65)

• Switched Voltage Output — Details (p. 473)

• Omnibus Current Source and Sink Limits — Specifications (p. 124)

Section 5. Overview

The CR6 can control instruments and devices such as the following:

• Wireless cellular modem to conserve power.

• GPS receiver to conserve power.

• Trigger a water sampler to collect a sample.

• Trigger a camera to take a picture.

• Activate an audio or visual alarm.

• Move a head gate to regulate water flows in a canal system.

• Control pH dosing and aeration for water quality purposes.

• Control a gas analyzer to stop operation when temperature is too low.

• Control irrigation scheduling.

Controlled devices can be physically connected to C terminals, usually through an external relay driver, or the SW12V

(p. 474) terminal. C terminals can be set low (0

Vdc) or high (5 Vdc) using PortSet() or WriteIO() instructions. Control modules are available to expand and augment CR6 control capacity. On / off and proportional control modules are available. See appendix PLC Control Modules

(p. 655).

— List

Tips for writing a control program:

• Short Cut programming wizard has provisions for simple on/off control.

• PID control can be done with the CR6.

ontrol decisions can be based on time, an event, or a measured condition.

Example:

In the case of a cell modem, control is based on time. The modem requires 12 Vdc power, so connect its power wire to the CR6 SW12V terminal. The following code snip turns the modem on for ten minutes at the top of the hour using the TimeIntoInterval() instruction embedded in an If/Then logic statement:

If TimeIntoInterval( 0,60,Min) Then PortSet(9,1) 'Port “9” is the

SW12V Port. Turn phone on.

If TimeIntoInterval(10,60,Min) Then PortSet(9,0) 'Turn phone

off.

TimeIsBetween() returns TRUE if the CR6 real-time clock falls within the specified range; otherwise, the function returns FALSE. Like TimeIntoInterval(), TimeIsBetween() is often embedded in an If/Then logic statement, as shown in the following code snip.

Section 5. Overview

If TimeIsBetween(0,10,60,Min) Then

SW12(1) 'Turn phone on.

Else

SW12(0) 'Turn phone off.

EndIf

TimeIsBetween() returns TRUE for the entire interval specified whereas TimeIntoInterval() returns TRUE only for the one scan that matches the interval

specified.

For example, using the preceding code snips, if the CRBasic program is sent to the datalogger at one minute past the hour, the TimeIsBetween() instruction will evaluate as TRUE on its first scan. The TimeIntoInterval() instruction will evaluate as TRUE at the top of the next hour (59 minutes later).

Note START is inclusive and STOP is exclusive in the range of time that will return a TRUE result. For example: TimeIsBetween(0,10,60,Min) will return TRUE at 8:00:00.00 and FALSE at 08:10:00.00.

5.12 Auto Self-Calibration — Overview

5.13 Memory — Overview

Related Topics:

• Memory — Overview (p. 99)

• Memory — Details (p. 490)

• Data Storage Devices — List (p. 661)

• TABLE: Info Tables and Settings: Memory (p. 623)

The CR6 organizes memory as follows:

• OS Flash

o Operating system (OS)

o Serial number and board rev

o Boot code

o Erased when loading new OS (boot code only erased if changed)

Section 5. Overview

100

• Serial Flash

o Device settings

o Write protected

o Non-volatile

o CPU: drive

— Automatically allocated — FAT32 file system — Limited write cycles (100,000) — Slow (serial access)

• Main Memory

o Battery backed

o OS variables

o CRBasic compiled program binary structure (490 KB maximum)

o CRBasic variables

o Data memory

o Communication memory

o USR: drive

— User allocated — FAT32 RAM drive — Photographic images (see Cameras — List

(p. 658))

— Data files from TableFile() instruction (TOA5, TOB1, CSIXML

and CSIJSON)

o Keep memory

(p. 589) (OS variables not initialized)

o Dynamic runtime memory allocation

Memory for data can be increased with the addition of a micro SD card (inserted in the MicroSD slot) or a mass storage device (thumb drive) that connects to CS I/O or both. See Data Storage Devices — List

(p. 661) for information on

available memory expansion products.

By default, final-storage memory (memory for stored data) is organized as ring memory. When the ring is full, oldest data are overwritten by newest data. The

DataTable() instruction, however, has an option to set a data table to Fill and Stop.

Campbell CR6 Series Operator's Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Warranty

Assistance

Precautions

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

1.1 HELLO

1.2 Typography

1.3 Capturing CRBasic Code

2. Precautions

3. Initial Inspection

4. Quickstart

4.1 Sensors — Quickstart

4.2 Datalogger — Quickstart

4.2.1 CR6 Module

4.2.1.1 Wiring Panel — Quickstart

4.3 Power Supplies — Quickstart

4.3.1 Internal Battery — Quickstart

4.3.2 Internal Voltage Regulator / Battery Charger — Quickstart

4.4 Data Retrieval and Comms — Quickstart

4.5 Datalogger Support Software — Quickstart

4.6 Tutorial: Measuring a Thermocouple

4.6.1 What You Will Need

4.6.2 Hardware Setup

4.6.2.1 Connect Comms

4.6.3 PC200W Software Setup

4.6.4 Write CRBasic Program with Short Cut

4.6.4.1 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 1 to 5)

4.6.4.2 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 6 to 7)

4.6.4.3 Procedure: (Short Cut Step 8)

4.6.4.4 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 9 to 12)

4.6.4.5 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 13 to 14)

4.6.5 Send Program and Collect Data

4.6.5.1 Procedure: (PC200W Step 1)

4.6.5.2 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 2 to 4)

4.6.5.3 Procedure: (PC200W Step 5)

4.6.5.4 Procedure: (PC200W Step 6)

4.6.5.5 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 7 to 10)

4.6.5.6 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 11 to 12)

4.6.5.7 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 13 to 14)

4.7 Data Acquisition Systems — Quickstart

5. Overview

5.1 Datalogger — Overview

5.1.1 Wiring Panel — Overview

5.1.1.1 Switched Voltage Output — Overview

5.1.1.2 Voltage and Current Excitation — Overview

5.1.1.3 Power Terminals

5.1.1.3.1 Power In Terminals

5.1.1.3.2 Power Out Terminals

5.1.1.4 Communication Ports — Overview

5.1.1.4.1 CS I/O Port

5.1.1.4.2 RS-232 Ports

5.1.1.4.3 USB Port

5.1.1.4.4 Micro SD Card Slot

5.1.1.4.5 SDI-12 Ports

5.1.1.4.6 SDM Port

5.1.1.4.7 CPI Port and CDM Devices — Overview

5.1.1.4.8 Ethernet Port

5.1.1.5 Grounding — Overview

5.2 Measurements — Overview

5.2.1 Time Keeping — Overview

5.2.2 Analog Measurements — Overview

5.2.2.1 Voltage Measurements — Overview

5.2.2.1.1 Single-Ended Measurements — Overview

5.2.2.1.2 Differential Measurements — Overview

5.2.2.2 Current Measurements — Overview

5.2.2.3 Resistance Measurements — Overview

5.2.2.3.1 Voltage Excitation

5.2.2.3.2 Current Excitation

5.2.2.4 Strain Measurements — Overview

5.2.3 Pulse Measurements — Overview

5.2.3.1 Pulses Measured

5.2.3.2 Pulse Input Channels

5.2.3.3 Pulse Sensor Wiring

5.2.4 Period Averaging — Overview

5.2.5 Vibrating Wire Measurements — Overview

5.2.5.1 VSPECT Quickstart