Campbell CR510 User Guide

CR510 DATALOGGER

OPERATOR'S MANUAL

9/01

COPYRIGHT (c) 1986-2001 CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.

This is a blank page.

CR510 DATALOGGER OVERVIEW

The CR510 is a fully programmable datalogger/controller with non-volatile memory and a battery backed
clock in a small, rugged module. The combination of reliability, versatility, and telecommunications
support make it a favorite choice for networks and single logger applications.

Campbell Scientific Inc. provides four aids to operating the CR510:

1. This Overview

2. The CR510 Operator's Manual

3. The CR510 Prompt Sheet

4. Short Cut

This Overview introduces the concepts required to take advantage of the CR510's capabilities. Hands­on programming examples start in Section OV5. Working with a CR510 will help the learning process,
so don't just read the examples, do them. If you want to start this minute, go ahead and try the
examples, then come back and read the rest of the Overview.

The sections of the Operator's Manual which should be read to complete a basic understanding of the
CR510 operation are the Programming Sections 1-3, the portions of the data retrieval Sections 4 and 5
appropriate to the method(s) you are using (see OV6), and Section 14 which covers installation and
maintenance.

Section 6 covers details of serial communications. Sections 7 and 8 contain programming examples.
Sections 9-12 have detailed descriptions of each programming instruction, and Section 13 goes into
detail on the CR510 measurement procedures.

The Prompt Sheet is an abbreviated description of the programming instructions. Once familiar with the
CR510, it is possible to program it using only the Prompt Sheet as a reference, consulting the manual if
further detail is needed.

Short Cut is an easy-to-use DOS-based software program. It features point-and-click menus to guide
you through the process of creating simple CR510 programs. In addition to the downloadable program
file, Short Cut creates a table to simplify wiring sensors to the CR510.

Read the Selected Operating Details and Cautionary Notes at the front of the Manual before using the
CR510.

OV1. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

The CR510 was designed to provide a rugged
datalogger with a low per unit cost. Some of its
distinguishing physical features are:

• The CR510 does not have an integral
keyboard/display. The user accesses the
CR510 with the portable CR10KD Keyboard
Display or with a computer or terminal
(Section OV2).

• The power supply is external to the CR510.
This gives the user a wide range of options
(Section 14) for powering the CR510.

OV1.1 ANALOG INPUTS

The terminals labeled 1H to 4L are analog
inputs. These numbers refer to the high and
low inputs to the differential channels 1 and 2.
In a differential measurement, the voltage on
the H input is measured with respect to the
voltage on the L input. When making single­ended measurements, either the H or L input
may be used as an independent channel to
measure voltage with respect to the CR510
analog ground (AG). The single-ended
channels are numbered sequentially starting
with 1H; e.g., the H and L sides of differential
channel 1 are single-ended channels 1 and 2;
the H and L sides of differential channel 2 are
single-ended channels 3 and 4, etc.

OV-1

CR510 OVERVIEW

OV1.2 EXCITATION OUTPUTS

The terminals labeled E1, and E2 are precision,
switched excitation outputs used to supply
programmable excitation voltages for resistive
bridge measurements. DC or AC excitation
voltages between -2500 mV and +2500 mV are
user programmable (Section 9).

OV1.3 PULSE INPUTS

The terminals labeled P1, P2, and P3 are the
pulse counter inputs for the CR510. P1 and P2
are programmable for high frequency pulse, low
level AC, or switch closure (Section 9,
Instruction 3). C2/P3 can be configured to
count switch closures up to 40 Hz.

OV1.4 DIGITAL I/O PORTS

Terminal C1 is a digital Input/Output port. On
power-up it is configured as an input port,
commonly used for reading the status of an
external signal. High and low conditions are:
3V < high < 5.5V; -0.5V < low < 0.8V.

Configured as output the port allows on/off
control of external devices. A port can be set
high (5V ± 0.1V), set low (<0.1V), toggled or
pulsed (Sections 3, 8.3, and 12).

Port C2/P3 can be configured as pulse counters
for switch closures (Section 9, Instruction 3) or
used to trigger subroutine execution (Section

1.1.2), or serial SDI-12 communication.

OV1.5 ANALOG GROUND (AG)

OV1.7 5V OUTPUT

The 5V (±0.2%) output is commonly used to
power peripherals such as the QD1 Incremental
Encoder Interface and AVW1 Vibrating Wire
Interface.

The 5V output is common with pin 1 on the 9
pin serial connector; 200 mA is the maximum
combined current output.

OV1.8 SERIAL I/O

The 9 pin serial I/O port contains lines for serial
communication between the CR510 and external
devices such as computers, printers, Storage
Modules, etc. This port does NOT have the

same configuration as the 9 pin serial ports
currently used on many personal computers.

It has a 5VDC power line which is used to power
peripherals such as the Storage Modules. The
same 5VDC supply is used for the 5V output on
the terminal strip. It also has a continuous 12 V
power supply on pin 8 for external
communication devices such as the COM200
and COM300. Section 6 contains technical
details on serial communication.

OV1.9 CONNECTING POWER TO THE CR510

The CR510 can be powered by any 12VDC
source. The green power connector is a plug in
connector that allows the power supply to be
easily disconnected without unscrewing the
terminals. The Terminal Strip power connection
is reverse polarity protected. See Section 14 for
details on power supply connections.

The AG terminals are analog grounds, used as
the reference for single-ended measurements
and excitation return.

OV1.6 12V, POWER GROUND (G), AND EARTH

TERMINALS

The 12V and power ground (G) terminals are
used to supply 12V DC power to the datalogger.
The extra 12V and G terminals can be used to
connect other devices requiring 12V power.

The G terminals are also used to tie cable
shields to ground, and to provide a ground
reference for pulse counters and binary inputs.
The G terminals are directly connected to the
Earth terminal. For protection against transient
voltage spikes, Earth Ground should be
connected to a good earth ground (Section

14.7.1).

OV-2

CAUTION: The metal surfaces of the

CR510 Terminal Strip, and CR10KD
Keyboard Display are at the same potential
as power ground. To avoid shorting 12
volts to ground, connect the 12 volt lead
first, then connect the ground lead.

When primary power falls below 9.6 VDC, the
CR510 stops executing its programs. The Low
Voltage Counter (∗B window 9) is incremented
by one each time the primary power falls below

9.6 VDC and E10 is displayed on the CR10KD.
A double dash (--) in the 9th window of the ∗B
mode indicates that the CR510 is currently in a
low primary power mode. (Section 1.6)

The datalogger program and stored data remain
in memory, and the clock continues to keep

CR510 OVERVIEW

time when power is disconnected. The clock
and Static Random Access Memory (SRAM)
are powered by an internal lithium battery.

OV2. MEMORY AND PROGRAMMING

CONCEPTS

OV2.1 INTERNAL MEMORY

The standard CR510 has 128 K of Flash
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only
Memory (EEPROM) and 128 K Static Random
Access Memory (SRAM). The Flash EEPROM
stores the operating system and user programs.
RAM is used for data and running the program.
Data Storage can be expanded with an optional
Flash EEPROM (Figure OV2.1-1). The use of
the Input, Intermediate, and Final Storage in the
measurement and data processing sequence is
shown in Figure OV2.1-2. The five areas of
SRAM are:

1. System Memory - used for overhead tasks
such as compiling programs, transferring
data, etc. The user cannot access this
memory.

2. Program Memory - available for user
entered programs.

3. Input Storage - Input Storage holds the
results of measurements or calculations.
The ∗6 Mode is used to view Input Storage
locations for checking current sensor

readings or calculated values. Input
Storage defaults to 28 locations. Additional
locations can be assigned using the ∗A
Mode.

4. Intermediate Storage - Certain Processing
Instructions and most of the Output
Processing Instructions maintain
intermediate results in Intermediate
Storage. Intermediate storage is
automatically accessed by the instructions
and cannot be accessed by the user. The
default allocation is 64 locations. The
number of locations can be changed using
the ∗A Mode.

5. Final Storage - Final processed values are
stored here for transfer to printer, solid state
Storage Module or for retrieval via
telecommunication links. Values are stored
in Final Storage only by the Output
Processing Instructions and only when the
Output Flag is set in the user’s program.
Approximately 62,000 locations are
allocated to Final Storage on power up.
This number is reduced if Input or
Intermediate Storage is increased.

While the total size of these areas remains
constant, memory may be reallocated between
the areas to accommodate different
measurement and processing needs (∗A Mode,
Section 1.5).

OV-3

CR510 OVERVIEW

Flash Memory

(EEPROM)

Total 128 Kbytes

Operating System

(96 Kbytes)

Active Program

(16 Kbytes)

Stored Programs

(16 Kbytes)

How it works:

The Operating System is loaded into
Flash Memory at the factory. System
Memory is used while the CR510 is
running calculations, buffering data and
for general operating tasks.

Any time a user loads a program into
the CR510, the program is compiled in
SRAM and stored in the Active
Program areas. If the CR510 is
powered off and then on, the Active
Program is loaded from Flash and run.

The Active Program is run in SRAM to
maximize speed. The program
accesses Input Storage and
Intermediate Storage and stores data
into Final Storage for later retrieval by
the user.

The Active Program can be copied into
the Stored Programs area. While 98
program "names" are available, the
number of programs stored is limited
by the available memory. Stored
programs can be retrieved to become
the active program. While programs
are stored one at a time, all stored
programs must be erased at once. That
is because the flash memory can only
be written to once before it must be
erased and can only be erased in 16
Kbytes blocks.

SRAM

Total 128 Kbytes

System Memory

(4096 Bytes)

Active Program

(default 2048 Bytes)

Input Storage

(default 28 locations,
112 bytes)

Intermediate Storage

(default 64 locations,
256 bytes)

Final Storage Area 1

(default 62,280
locations, 124,560
bytes)

Final Storage Area 2

(default 0 locations,
0 bytes)

Optional

Flash EEPROM

OV-4

With the Optional Flash Memory, up to
2 Mbytes of additional memory can be
added to increase Final Storage by
another 524,288 data values per
Mbyte. The user can allocate this extra
memory to any combination of Area 1
or Area 2.

(Memory Areas separated by dashed
lines:
can be re-sized by the user.)

FIGURE OV2.1-1. CR510 Memory

Final Storage Area 1

and/or

Final Storage Area 2

(Additional 524,288
locations per Mbyte)

CR510 OVERVIEW

OV2.2 PROGRAM TABLES, EXECUTION

INTERVAL AND OUTPUT INTERVALS

The CR510 must be programmed before it will
make any measurements. A program consists
of a group of instructions entered into a

program table. The program table is given an
execution interval which determines how

frequently that table is executed. When the
table is executed, the instructions are executed
in sequence from beginning to end. After
executing the table, the CR510 waits the
remainder of the execution interval and then
executes the table again starting at the
beginning.

The interval at which the table is executed
generally determines the interval at which the
sensors are measured. The interval at which
data are stored is separate from how often the
table is executed, and may range from samples
every execution interval to processed
summaries output hourly, daily, or on longer or
irregular intervals.

Table 1.
Execute every x sec.

0.125 < x < 8191

Instructions are executed
sequentially in the order they
are entered in the table. One
complete pass through the
table is made each execution
interval unless program
control instructions are used
to loop or branch execution.

Normal Order:
MEASURE
PROCESS
CHECK OUTPUT COND.
OUTPUT PROCESSING

Table 2.
Execute every y sec.

0.125 < y < 8191

Table 2 is used if there is a
need to measure and
process data on a separate
interval from that in Table 1.

Programs are entered in Tables 1 and 2.
Subroutines, called from Tables 1 and 2, are
entered in Subroutine Table 3. The size of
program memory can be fixed or automatically
allocated by the CR510 (Section 1.5).

Table 1 and Table 2 have independent
execution intervals, entered in units of seconds
with an allowable range of 1/8 to 8191 seconds.
Subroutine Table 3 has no execution interval;
subroutines are only executed when called from
Table 1 or 2.

OV2.2.1 THE EXECUTION INTERVAL

The execution interval specifies how often the
program in the table is executed, which is
usually determined by how often the sensors
are to be measured. Unless two different

measurement rates are needed, use only one
table. A program table is executed sequentially

starting with the first instruction in the table and
proceeding to the end of the table.

Table 3.
Subroutines

A subroutine is executed
only when called from Table
1 or 2.

Subroutine Label
Instructions
End
Subroutine Label
Instructions
End
Subroutine Label
Instructions
End

FIGURE OV2.2-1. Program and Subroutine Tables

OV-5

CR510 OVERVIEW

Each instruction in the table requires a finite
time to execute. If the execution interval is less
than the time required to process the table, an
execution interval overrun occurs; the CR510
finishes processing the table and waits for the
next execution interval before initiating the
table. When an overrun occurs, decimal points
are shown on either side of the G on the display
in the LOG mode (∗0). Overruns and table
priority are discussed in Section 1.1.

OV2.2.2. THE OUTPUT INTERVAL

The interval at which output occurs must be an
integer multiple of the execution interval (e.g., a
table cannot have a 10 minute execution
interval and output every 15 minutes).

A single program table can have many different
output intervals and conditions, each with a
unique data set (Output Array). Program
Control Instructions are used to set the Output
Flag. The Output Processing Instructions which
follow the instruction setting the Output Flag
determine the data output and its sequence.
Each additional Output Array is created by
another Program Control Instruction checking a
output condition, followed by Output Processing
Instructions defining the data set to output.

OV2.3 CR510 INSTRUCTION TYPES

Figure OV2.3-1 illustrates the use of three
different instruction types which act on data.
The fourth type, Program Control, is used to
control output times and vary program
execution. Instructions are identified by
numbers.

1. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS (1-12,
16-29, 105-106, 114, 117, 130, 131, Section

9) control the terminal strip inputs and
outputs (Figure OV1.1-2), storing the results
in Input Storage (destination). Multiplier
and offset parameters allow conversion of
linear signals into engineering units. The
Digital I/O Ports are also addressed with I/O
Instructions.

2. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS (30-68,
Section 10) perform numerical operations
on values located in Input Storage and
store the results back in Input Storage.
These instructions can be used to develop
high level algorithms to process
measurements prior to Output Processing.

3. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS
(69-82, Section 11) are the only
instructions which store data in Final
Storage. Input Storage values are
processed over time to obtain averages,
maxima, minima, etc. There are two types
of processing done by Output Instructions:

Intermediate and Final.
Intermediate processing normally takes

place each time the instruction is executed.
For example, when the Average Instruction
is executed, it adds the values from the
input locations being averaged to running
totals in Intermediate Storage. It also keeps
track of the number of samples.

Final processing occurs only when the
Output Flag is high (Section 3.7.1). The
Output Processing Instructions check the
Output Flag. If the flag is high, final values
are calculated and output. With the
Average, the totals are divided by the
number of samples and the resulting
averages sent to Final Storage.
Intermediate locations are zeroed and the
process starts over. The Output Flag, Flag

0, is set high by a Program Control
Instruction which must precede the Output
Processing Instructions in the user entered
program.

4. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS
(83-98, 111, 120-121, Section 12) are used
for logic decisions, conditional statements,
and to send data to peripherals. They can
set flags and ports, compare values or
times, execute loops, call subroutines,
conditionally execute portions of the
program, etc.

OV-6

INPUT/OUTPUT
INSTRUCTIONS

Specify the conversion of a sensor signal
to a data value and store it in Input
Storage. Programmable entries specify:
(1) the measurement type
(2) the number of channels to measure
(3) the input voltage range
(4) the Input Storage Location
(5) the sensor calibration constants
used to convert the sensor output to
engineering units

I/O Instructions also control analog
outputs and digital control ports.

INPUT STORAGE

Holds the results of measurements or
calculations in user specified locations.
The value in a location is written over
each time a new measurement or
calculation stores data to the locations.

CR510 OVERVIEW

PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS

Perform calculations with values in Input
Storage. Results are returned to Input
Storage. Arithmetic, transcendental and
polynomial functions are included.

OUTPUT PROCESSING
INSTRUCTIONS

Perform calculations over time on the
values updated in Input Storage.
Summaries for Final Storage are
generated when a Program Control
Instruction sets the Output Flag in
response to time or events. Results
may be redirected to Input Storage for
further processing. Examples include
sums, averages, max/min, standard
deviation, histograms, etc.

Output Flag set high

FINAL STORAGE

Final results from OUTPUT
PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS are
stored here for on-line or interrogated
transfer to external devices (Figure
OV5.1-1). When memory is full, new
data overwrites the oldest data.

FIGURE OV2.3-1. Instruction Types and Storage Areas

INTERMEDIATE STORAGE

Provides temporary storage for
intermediate calculations required by the
OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS;
for example, sums, cross products,
comparative values, etc.

OV-7

CR510 OVERVIEW

OV3. COMMUNICATING WITH CR510

An external device must be connected to the
CR510's Serial I/O port to communicate with the
CR510. This may be either Campbell
Scientific's CR10KD Keyboard Display or a
computer/terminal.

The CR10KD is powered by the CR510 and
connects directly to the serial port via the SC12
cable (supplied with the CR10KD). No
interfacing software is required.

Computer communication and program editing
is accomplished using Campbell Scientific's
datalogger support software. This package
contains a program editor (EDLOG), datalogger
communications, automated
telecommunications data retrieval, a data
reduction program, and programs to retrieve
data from Campbell Scientific Storage Modules.

To participate in the programming examples
(Section OV5) you must communicate with the
CR510. Read Section OV3.1 if the CR10KD is
being used or Section OV3.2 if datalogger
support software is being used.

OV3.1 KEYBOARD/DISPLAY

The SC12 cable (supplied with the CR10KD) is
used to connect the Keyboard/Display to the 9
pin Serial I/O port on the CR510.

OV3.1.1 FUNCTIONAL MODES

CR510/User interaction is broken into different
functional MODES (e.g., programming the
measurements and output, setting time,
manually initiating a block data transfer to
Storage Module, etc.). The modes are referred
to as Star (∗) Modes since they are accessed by
first keying ∗, then the mode number or letter.
Table OV3.1-1 lists the CR510 Modes.

TABLE OV3.1-1. ∗∗∗∗ Mode Summary

Key Mode

0

∗
∗
∗
∗
∗
∗
∗

LOG data and indicate active Tables

1

Program Table 1

2

Program Table 2

3

Program Table 3, subroutines only

4

Parameter Entry Table

5

Display/set real time clock

6

Display/alter Input Storage data,
toggle flags or control ports.

7

∗
∗
∗
∗
∗
∗
∗
∗

Display Final Storage data

8

Final Storage data transfer to peripheral

9

Storage Module commands

A

Memory allocation/reset

B

Signature/status

C

Security

D

Save/load Program

#

Used with TGT1 satellite transmitter

If the Keyboard/Display is connected to the
CR510 prior to being powered up, the "HELLO"
message is displayed while the CR510 checks
memory. The total size of memory is then
displayed (256 for 256 K bytes of memory).
When the CR10KD is plugged in after the
CR510 has powered up, the display is
meaningless until "∗" is pressed to enter a
mode.

This manual describes direct interaction with
the CR510. If you have a CR10KD, work
through the direct programming examples in
this overview in addition to using EDLOG and
you will have the basics of CR510 operation as
well as an appreciation for the help provided by
the software.

OV-8

OV3.1.2 KEY DEFINITION

Keys and key sequences have specific
functions when using the CR10KD keyboard or
a computer/terminal in the remote keyboard
state (Section 5). Table OV3.1-2 lists these
functions. In some cases, the exact action of a
key depends on the mode the CR510 is in and
is described with the mode in the manual.

CR510 OVERVIEW

TABLE OV3.1-2 Key Description/Editing

Functions

Key Action

0

9

-

∗

Key numeric entries into display
Enter Mode (followed by Mode

Number)

A
B
C

Enter/Advance
Back up
Change the sign of a number or index

an input location to loop counter

D
#

Enter the decimal point
Clear the rightmost digit keyed into

the display

# A

Advance to next instruction in
program table (∗1, ∗2, ∗3) or to next
Output Array in Final Storage (∗7)

# B

Back up to previous instruction in
program table or to previous Output
Array in Final Storage

# D
# 0

Delete entire instruction
(then A) Back up to the start of the

current array.

When using a computer/terminal to communicate
with the CR510 (Telecommunications remote
keyboard state) there are some keys available in
addition to those found on the CR10KD. Table
OV3.1-3 lists these keys.

TABLE OV3.1-3. Additional Keys Allowed in

Telecommunications

Key Action

- Change Sign, Index (same as C)
CR Enter/advance (same as A)
: Colon (used in setting time)
S or ^S Stops transmission of data (10

second time-out; any character
restarts)

C or ^C Aborts transmission of Data

When using the support software, the
computer’s baud rate, port, and modem types
are specified and stored in a file for future use.

The simplest and most common interface is the
SC32A Optically Isolated RS232 Interface. The
SC32A converts and optically isolates the
voltages passing between the CR510 and the
external terminal device.

The SC12 Two Peripheral cable which comes
with the SC32A is used to connect the serial I/O
port of the CR510 to the 9 pin port of the SC32A
labeled "Datalogger". Connect the
"Terminal/Printer" port of the SC32A to the
serial port of the computer with a straight 25 pin
cable or, if the computer has a 9 pin serial port,
a standard 9 to 25 pin adapter cable.

OV3.3 ASCII TERMINAL OR COMPUTER WITH

TERMINAL EMULATOR

Devices which can be used to communicate
with the CR510 include standard ASCII
terminals and computers programmed to
function as a terminal emulator. See Section

6.7 for details.
To communicate with any device other than the

CR10KD, the CR510 enters its Telecom­munications Mode and responds only to valid
telecommunications commands. Within the
Telecommunications Mode, there are 2 "states";
the Telecommunications Command state and the
Remote Keyboard state. Communication is
established in the Telecommunications command
state. One of the commands is to enter the
Remote Keyboard state (Section 5).

The Remote Keyboard state allows the
keyboard of the computer/terminal to act like
the CR10KD keyboard. Various datalogger
modes may be entered, including the mode in
which programs may be keyed in to the CR510
from the computer/terminal.

OV3.2 USING COMPUTER WITH DATALOGGER

SUPPORT SOFTWARE

Direct datalogger communication programs in
the datalogger support software provide menu
selection of tools to perform the datalogger
functions (e.g., set clock, send program,
monitor measurements, and collect data). The
user also has the option of directly entering
keyboard commands via a built-in terminal
emulator (Section OV3.3).

OV4. PROGRAMMING THE CR510

A datalogger program is created on a computer
using EDLOG or one of the programming aids
such as Short Cut. A program can also be
entered directly into the datalogger. Section
OV4.3 describes options for loading the
program into the CR510.

OV-9

CR510 OVERVIEW

OV4.1 PROGRAMMING SEQUENCE

In routine applications, the CR510 measures
sensor output signals, processes the
measurements over some time interval and
stores the processed results. A generalized
programming sequence is:

1. Enter the execution interval. In most cases,
the execution interval is determined by the
desired sensor scan rate.

2. Enter the Input/Output instructions required
to measure the sensors.

3. If processing in addition to that provided by
the Output Processing Instructions (step 5)
is required, enter the appropriate
Processing Instructions.

4. Enter the Program Control Instruction to
test the output condition and set the Output
Flag when the condition is met. For
example, use

Instruction 92 to output based on time.
Instruction 86 to output every execution

interval.
Instruction 88 or 89 to output based on a

comparison of values in input locations.
This instruction must precede the Output

Processing Instructions which store data in
Final Storage. Instructions are described in
Sections 9 through 12.

Execution intervals and output intervals set with
Instruction 92 are synchronized with datalogger
time starting at midnight.

OV4.2 INSTRUCTION FORMAT

Instructions are identified by an instruction
number. Each instruction has a number of
parameters that give the CR510 the information
it needs to execute the instruction.

The CR510 Prompt Sheet has the instruction
numbers in red, with the parameters briefly
listed in columns following the description.
Some parameters are footnoted with further
description under the "Instruction Option Codes"
heading.

For example, Instruction 73 stores the
maximum value that occurred in an Input
Storage location over the output interval.

P73 Maximum

1: Reps
2: TimeOption
3: Loc

The instruction has three parameters (1)
REPetitionS, the number of sequential Input
Storage locations on which to find maxima, (2)
TIME, an option of storing the time of
occurrence with the maximum value, and (3)
LOC the first Input Storage location operated on
by the Maximum Instruction. The codes for the
TIME parameter are listed in the "Instruction
Option Codes".

5. Enter the Output Processing Instructions to
store processed data in Final Storage. The
order in which data are stored is determined
by the order of the Output Processing
Instructions in the table.

6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 for additional outputs
on different intervals or conditions.

NOTE: The program must be executed for
output to occur. Therefore, the interval at
which the Output Flag is set must be evenly
divisible by the execution interval. For
example, with a 2 minute execution interval
and a 5 minute output interval, the program
will only be executed on the even multiples
of the 5 minute intervals, not on the odd.
Data will be output every 10 minutes
instead of every 5 minutes.

OV-10

The repetitions parameter specifies how many
times an instruction's function is to be repeated.
For example, four 107 thermistor probes may be
measured with a single Instruction 11, Temp­107, with four repetitions. Parameter 2 specifies
the input channel of the first thermistor (the
probes must be connected to sequential
channels). Parameter 4 specifies the Input
Storage location in which to store measurements
from the first thermistor. If location 5 were used
and the first probe was on channel 1, the
temperature of the thermistor on channel 1
would be stored in input location 5, the
temperature from channel 2 in input location 6,
etc.

Detailed descriptions of the instructions are
given in Sections 9-12. Entering an instruction
into a program table is described in OV5.

CR510 OVERVIEW

OV4.3 ENTERING A PROGRAM

Programs are entered into the CR510 in one of
three ways:

1. Keyed in using the CR10KD keyboard.

2. Loaded from a pre-recorded listing using
the ∗D Mode. There are 2 types of
storage/input:
a. Stored on disk/sent from computer.
b. Stored/loaded from Storage Module.

3. Loaded from internal Flash Memory or
Storage Module upon power-up.

A program is created by keying it directly into
the datalogger as described in Section OV5, or
on a PC using EDLOG or a programming aid
such as Short Cut.

Program files (.DLD) can be downloaded directly to
the CR510 using Campbell’s datalogger support
software. Communication via direct wire,
telephone, or Radio Frequency (RF) is supported.

Programs can be copied to a Storage Module
with the appropriate software. Using the ∗D
Mode to save or load a program from a Storage
Module is described in Section 1.8.

Once a program is loaded in the CR510, the
program will be stored in flash memory and will
automatically be loaded and run when the
datalogger is powered-up.

OV5. PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES

The following examples stress direct interaction
with the CR510 using the CR10KD. At the
beginning of each example is an EDLOG listing
of the program. You can also participate in the
example by entering the program in EDLOG
and sending it to the CR510 and viewing
measurements with Campbell’s datalogger
support software. If you have the CR10KD,
work through the examples as well as using
EDLOG. You will learn the basics of CR510
operation as well as an appreciation for the help
provided by the software.

We will start with a simple programming
example. There is a brief explanation of each
step to help you follow the logic. When the
example uses an instruction, find it on the
Prompt Sheet and follow through the description
of the parameters. Using the Prompt Sheet
while going through these examples will help
you become familiar with its format. Sections 9­12 have more detailed descriptions of the
instructions.

Connect the CR510 to the CR10KD
Keyboard/Display or a terminal (Section OV3).
Hook up the power leads as described in
Section OV1.2. The programming steps in the
following examples use the keystrokes possible
on the keyboard/display. With a terminal, some
responses will be slightly different.

The program on power up function can also be
achieved by using a Storage Module. Up to 8
programs can be stored in the Storage Module,
the programs may be assigned any of the
numbers 1-8. If the Storage Module is
connected when the CR510 is powered-up the
CR510 will automatically load program number
8, provided that a program 8 is loaded in the
Storage Module (Section 1.8). The program
from the Storage Module will replace the active
program in flash memory.

If the CR10KD is connected to the CR510 when
it is powered up, the display will show:

Display Explanation
HELLO On power-up, the CR510

displays "HELLO" while it
checks the memory (this
display occurs only with the
CR10KD).

after a few seconds delay

:0256 The size of the machine's total

memory, 256 K (1280 if 1 meg
option).

When primary power is applied to the CR510, it
tests the FLASH memory and loads the current
program to RAM. After the program compiles
successfully, the CR510 begins executing the
program. If the ring line on the 9 pin connector
is raised while the CR510 is testing memory,

OV-11

CR510 OVERVIEW

there will be a 128 second delay before
compiling and running the program. This can
be used to edit or change the program before it
starts running. To raise the ring line, press any
key on the CR10KD keyboard display or call the
CR510 with the computer during the power up
sequence (i.e., while “HELLO” is displayed on
the CR10KD).

In order to ensure that there is no active
program in the CR510, we will load an empty
program using the *D Mode:

Display Will Show:

Key (ID:Data) Explanation

∗

00:00 Enter mode

D

13:00 Enter *D Mode

7

13:7 7 is command to load

program from flash

A

07:00 Execute command 7,

CR510 is ready for
program number

0

07:0 Load Program 0 (empty

program)

A

Execute program load,
after a short wait, the
display will show

13:0000 Indicating that the

command is complete.

OV5.1 SAMPLE PROGRAM 1

EDLOG Listing Program 1:
*Table 1 Program

01: 5.0 Execution Interval (seconds)
1: Internal Temperature (P17)

1: 1 Loc [ CR510Temp ]

2: Do (P86)

1: 10 Set Output Flag High

3: Sample (P70)

1: 1 Reps
2: 1 Loc [ CR510Temp ]

In this example the CR510 is programmed to
read its own internal temperature (using a built
in thermistor) every 5 seconds and to send the
results to Final Storage.

Display Will Show:

Key (ID:Data) Explanation

∗

00:00 Enter mode.

1

01:0000 Enter Program Table 1.

A

01:0.0000 Advance to execution

interval (In seconds)

5

01:5 Key in an execution

interval of 5 seconds.

A

01:P00 Enter the 5 second

execution interval and
advance to the first program
instruction location.

1 7

01:P17 Key in Instruction 17

which directs the CR510
to measure the internal
temperature in degrees
C. This is an
Input/Output Instruction.

A

01:0000 Enter Instruction 17 and

advance to the first
parameter.

1

01:1 The input location to

store the measurement,
location 1.

A

02:P00 Enter the location # and

advance to the second
program instruction.

The CR510 is now programmed to read the internal
temperature every 5 seconds and place the reading
in Input Storage Location 1. The program can be
compiled and the temperature displayed.

Display Will Show:

Key (

∗

ID:Data) Explanation

0LOG 1 Exit Table 1, enter ∗0

Mode, compile table and
begin logging.

∗

606:0000 Enter ∗6 Mode (to view

Input Storage).

A

01:21.234 Advance to first storage

location. Internal
datalogger temp. is

o

21.234

C (display shows
actual temperature so
exact value will vary).

OV-12

CR510 OVERVIEW

Wait a few seconds:

01:21.423 The CR510 has read the

sensor and stored the
result again. The internal
temp is now 21.423
The value is updated
every 5 seconds when
the table is executed. At
this point the CR510 is
measuring the
temperature every 5
seconds and sending the
value to Input Storage.
No data are being saved.
The next step is to have
the CR510 send each
reading to Final Storage.
(Remember, the Output
Flag must be set first.)

∗

101:0000 Exit ∗6 Mode. Enter

program table 1.

2 A

02:P00 Advance to 2nd

instruction location (this
is where we left off).

8 6

02:P86 This is the DO instruction

(a Program Control
Instruction).

A

01:00 Enter 86 and advance to

the first parameter (which
will specify the command
to execute).

1 0

01:10 This command sets the

Output Flag. (Flag 0)

A

03:P00 Enter 10 and advance to

third program instruction.

7 0

03:P70 The SAMPLE instruction.

It directs the CR510 to
take a reading from an
Input Storage location
and send it to Final
Storage (an Output
Processing Instruction).

A

01:0000 Enter 70 and advance to

the first parameter
(repetitions).

1

01:1 There is only one input

location to sample;
repetitions = 1.

A

02:0000 Enter 1 and advance to

second parameter (Input

Storage location to
sample).

1

02:1 Input Storage Location 1,

o

C.

A

04:P00 Enter 1 and advance to

where the temperature is
stored.

fourth program
instruction.

∗

00:00 Exit Table 1.

0

LOG 1 Enter ∗0 Mode, compile

program, log data.

The CR510 is now programmed to measure the
internal temperature every 5 seconds and send
each reading to Final Storage. Values in Final

∗

Storage can be viewed using the

7 Mode.

Display Will Show:

Key (

∗

ID:Data) Explanation

707: 13.000 Enter ∗7 Mode. The

Data Storage Pointer
(DSP) is at Location 13
(in this example).

A

01: 0102 Advance to the first

value, the Output Array
ID. 102 indicates the
Output Flag was set by
the second instruction in
Program Table 1.

A

02: 21.23 Advance to the first

stored temperature.

A

01: 0102 Advance to the next

output array. Same
Output Array ID.

A

02: 21.42 Advance to 2nd stored

temp, 21.42 deg. C.

There are no date and time tags on the data.
They must be put there with Output Instruction

77. Instruction 77 is used in the next example.
If a terminal is used to communicate with the

CR510, Telecommunications Commands
(Section 5) can be used to view entire Output
Arrays (in this case the ID and temperature) at
the same time.

OV-13

CR510 OVERVIEW

OV5.2 EDITING AN EXISTING PROGRAM

When editing an existing program in the CR510,
entering a new instruction inserts the
instruction; entering a new parameter replaces
the previous value.

To insert an instruction, enter the program table
and advance to the position where the
instruction is to be inserted (i.e., P in the data
portion of the display) key in the instruction
number, and then key A. The new instruction
will be inserted at that point in the table,

Instruction # Parameter
(Loc:Entry) (

Par#:Entry) Description
∗1 Enter Program Table 1
01:60 60 second (1 minute) execution interval

# D

Key

until 01:P00 Erase previous Program before

is displayed continuing.
01:P11 Measure reference temperature

01:1 Store temp in Location 1
02:5
03:3
04:1
05:1.0
06:0.0

advance through and enter the parameters.
The instruction that was at that point and all
instructions following it will be pushed down to
follow the inserted instruction.

An instruction is deleted by advancing to the
instruction number (P in display) and keying #D
(Table 4.2-1).

To change the value entered for a parameter,
advance to the parameter and key in the correct
value then press A. Note that the new value is
not entered until A is keyed.

SAMPLE PROGRAM 2

02:P92 If Time instruction

01:0 0 minutes into the interval
02:60 60 minute interval
03:10 Set Output Flag 0

The CR510 is programmed to measure the datalogger internal temperature every sixty seconds.
The If Time instruction sets the Output Flag high at the beginning of every hour. Next, the
Output Instructions for time and average are added.

03:P77 Output Time instruction

01:110 Store Julian day, hour, and minute

04:P71 Average instruction

01:1 one repetition
02:1 Location 1 - source of temps. to be averaged

05:P92 If Time instruction

01:0 0 minutes into the interval
02:1440 1440 minute interval (24 hrs.)
03:10 Set Output Flag 0

06: P77 Output Time instruction

01:100 Store Julian day

OV-14

Instruction # Parameter
(Loc.:Entry) (

Par.#:Entry) Description

07: P73 Maximize instruction

01:1 One repetition
02:10 Output time of daily maximum in hours and minutes
03:2 Data source is Input Storage Location 1.

08: P74 Minimize instruction

01:1 One repetition
02:10 Output the time of the daily minimum in hours

03:1 Data source is Input Storage Location 1.

The program to make the measurements and to send the desired data to Final Storage has
been entered. At this point, Instruction 96 is entered to enable data transfer from Final Storage
to Storage Module.

09:P96 Activate Serial Data Output.

1:71 Output Final Storage data to Storage Module.

OV5.3 SETTING THE DATALOGGER TIME

CR510 OVERVIEW

and minutes

The next example shows how to set the datalogger date and time using the CR10KD. Here the
example reverts back to the key-by-key format.

Key Display

5

∗

A
1 9 9
A
1 9 7
A
1 3 2 4
A

∗

0

00:21:32 Enter ∗5 Mode. Clock running but perhaps not set correctly.
05:0000 Advance to location for year.

8

05:1998 Key in year (1998).
05:0000 Enter and advance to location for Julian day.
05:197 Key in Julian day.
05:0021 Enter and advance to location for hours and minutes (24 hr. time).
05:1324 Key in hrs.:min. (1:24 PM in this example).
:13:24:01 Clock set and running.
LOG 1 Exit ∗5, compile Table 1, commence logging data.

Explanation

OV-15

CR510 OVERVIEW

OV6. DATA RETRIEVAL OPTIONS

There are several options for data storage and
retrieval. These options are covered in detail in
Sections 2, 4, and 5. Figure OV6.1-1
summarizes the various possible methods.

Regardless of the method used, there are three
general approaches to retrieving data from a
datalogger.

1) On-line output of Final Storage data to a
peripheral storage device. On a regular
schedule, that storage device is either
"milked" of its data or is brought back to the
office/lab where the data is transferred to
the computer. In the latter case, a "fresh"
storage device is usually left in the field
when the full one is taken so that data
collection can continue uninterrupted.

2) Bring a storage device to the datalogger
and milk all the data that has accumulated
in Final Storage since the last visit.

3) Retrieve the data over some form of
telecommunications link, whether it be RF,
telephone, short haul modem, or satellite.
This can be performed under program
control or by regularly scheduled polling of
the dataloggers. Campbell Scientific's
Datalogger Support Software automates
this process.

Regardless of which method is used, the
retrieval of data from the datalogger does NOT
erase those data from Final Storage. The data
remain in the ring memory until:

They are written over by new data (Section 2.1)
Memory is reallocated or the CR510 is reset

(Section 1.5)
Table OV6.1-1 lists the instructions used with

the various methods of data retrieval.

TABLE OV6.1-1. Data Retrieval Methods and Related Instructions

Method Instruction/Mode Section in Manual

Storage Module Instruction 96 4.1, 12

∗8
∗9

Telecommunications Telecommunications

Commands 5

Instruction 97 12
Printer or other Instruction 96 4.1, 12
Serial device

∗8

4.2

4.5

4.2

OV-16

S

DATALOGGER

SC12 CABLES

CR510 OVERVIEW

DSP4

HEADS UP

DISPLAY

SM192/716
STORAGE
MODULE

STORAGE
MODULE
OR CARD
BROUGHT
FROM THE
FIELD TO
THE
COMPUTER

SM192/716

STORAGE
MODULES

CSM1

CSM1

MD9

MULTIDROP

INTERFACE

COAXIAL
CABLE

MD9
MULTIDROP
INTERFACE

SC12 CABLE

SC532

RS-232

INTERFACE

COMPUTER

ASYNCHRONOUS SERIAL
COMMUNICATIONS PO RT

RF95 RF

RF

MODEM

MODEM

RF

RF100/RF200

TRANSCEIVER

TRANSCEIVER

W/ANTENNA

W/ ANTENNA

& CABLE

& CABLE

RF

RF100/RF200

TRANSCEIVER

TRANSCEIVER

W/ANTENNA

W/ ANTENNA &

& CABLE

CABLE

SC12 CABLE

RF232 RF

RF

BASE

BASE

STATION

STATION

SC32A

RS-232

INTERFACE

INTERFACE

SRM-5A RAD

SRM-6A RAD

SHORTHAUL

SHORTHAUL

MODEM

MODEM

2 TWISTED

PAIR WIRES

UP TO 5 MI.

SRM-5A RAD

SRM-6A RAD

SHORTHAUL

SHORTHAUL

MODEM

MODEM

RS-232

RS-232

CABLE

CABLE

SC932

COM200

DC112

PHONE

PHONE

MODEM

MODEM

PHONE
LINE

HAYES

COMPATIBLE

PHONE

MODEM

COM100

DC1765

CELLULAR

CELLULAR

PHONE

PHONE

NOTES: 1. ADDITIONAL METHODS OF DATA RETRIEVAL ARE:

A. SATELLITE TRANSMISSION
B. DIRECT DUMP TO PRINTER
C. VOICE PHONE MODEM TO VOICE PHONE OR PC WITH HAYES COMPATIBLE

PHONE MODEM

2. THE DSP4 HEADS UP DISPLAY ALLOWS THE USER TO VIEW DATA IN INPUT
STORAGE. ALSO BUFFERS FINAL STORAGE DATA AND WRITES IT TO PRINTER
OR STORAGE MODULE.

3. ALL CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC RS-232 INTERFACES HAVE A FEMALE 25 PIN RS-232
CONNECTOR.

FIGURE OV6.1-1. Data Retrieval Hardware Options

OV-17

CR510 OVERVIEW

OV7. SPECIFICATIONS

Electrical specifications are valid over a -25° to +50°C range unless otherwise specified; non-condensing environment
required. To maintain electrical specifications, yearly calibrations are recommended.

PROGRAM EXECUTION RATE

System tasks initiated in sync with real-time up
to 64 Hz. One measurement with data transfer is
possible at this rate without interruption.

ANALOG INPUTS

NUMBER OF CHANNELS: 2 differential or 4

single-ended, individually configured.

RANGE AND RESOLUTION:

Full Scale Resolution (µV)

Input Range (mV) Diff

±2500 333 666

±250 33.3 66.6

±25 3.33 6.66
±7.5 1.00 2.00
±2.5 0.33 0.66

INPUT SAMPLE RATES: Includes the measurement

time and conversion to engineering units. The
fast and slow measurements integrate the signal
for 0.25 and 2.72 ms, respectively. Differential
measurements incorporate two integrations with
reversed input polarities to reduce thermal offset
and common mode errors.

Fast differential voltage: 4.2 ms
Slow differential voltage: 9.2 ms
Differential with 60 Hz rejection: 25.9 ms

ACCURACY: ±0.1% of FSR (-25° to 50°C);

INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE (for ±2.5 mV range):

COMMON MODE RANGE: ±2.5 V
DC COMMON MODE REJECTION: > 140 dB
NORMAL MODE REJECTION: 70 dB (60 Hz with

INPUT CURRENT: ±9 nA maximum
INPUT RESISTANCE: 20 Gohms typical

±0.05% of FSR (0° to 40°C);
e.g., ±0.1% FSR = ±5.0 mV for ±2500
mV range

Fast differential: 0.82 µV rms
Slow differential: 0.25 µV rms
Differential with

60 Hz rejection: 0.18 µV rms

slow differential measurement)

erential Single-Ended

ANALOG OUTPUTS

DESCRIPTION: 2 switched excitations, active only

during measurement, one at a time.
RANGE: ±2.5 V
RESOLUTION: 0.67 mV
ACCURACY: ±2.5 mV (0° to 40°C);

CURRENT SOURCING: 25 mA
CURRENT SINKING: 25 mA
FREQUENCY SWEEP FUNCTION: The switched

±5 mV (-25° to 50°C)

outputs provide a programmable swept frequency,

0 to 2.5 V square wave for exciting vibrating wire

transducers.

RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS

MEASUREMENT TYPES: The CR510 provides

ratiometric bridge measurements of 4- and 6-wire

full bridge, and 2-, 3-, and 4-wire half bridges.

Precise dual polarity excitation using any of the

switched outputs eliminates dc errors.

Conductivity measurements use a dual polarity

0.75 ms excitation to minimize polarization errors.

ACCURACY: ±0.02% of FSR plus bridge errors.

PERIOD AVERAGING MEASUREMENTS

DEFINITION: The average period for a single cycle is

determined by measuring the duration of a speci­fied number of cycles. Any of the 4 single-ended
analog input channels can be used. Signal atten­tuation and ac coupling is typically required.

INPUT FREQUENCY RANGE:

Signal peak-to-peak

Min. Max. Pulse w. Freq.

500 mV 5.0 V 2.5 µs 200 kHz

10 mV 2.0 V 10 µs 50 kHz

5 mV 2.0 V 62 µs 8 kHz
2 mV 2.0 V 100 µs 5 kHz

RESOLUTION: 35 ns divided by the number of

cycles measured
ACCURACY: ±0.03% of reading
TIME REQUIRED FOR MEASUREMENT: Signal

period multiplied by the number of cycles

measured plus 1.5 cycles + 2 ms.

1

Min. Max

2

PULSE COUNTERS

NUMBER OF CHANNELS: 2 eight-bit or 1 sixteen-

bit; software selectable as switch closure, high

frequency pulse, or low-level ac modes. An addi-

tional channel (C2/P3) can be software configured

to read switch closures at rates up to 40 Hz.
MAXIMUM COUNT RATE: 16 kHz, eight-bit counter;

400 kHz, sixteen-bit counter. Channels are

scanned at 8 or 64 Hz (software selectable).
SWITCH CLOSURE MODE:

Minimum Switch Closed Time: 5 ms

Minimum Switch Open Time: 6 ms

Maximum Bounce Time: 1 ms open

without being counted

HIGH FREQUENCY PULSE MODE:

Minimum Pulse Width: 1.2 µs

Maximum Input Frequency: 400 kHz

Maximum Input Voltage: ±20 V

Voltage Thresholds: Count upon transition

from below 1.5 V to above 3.5 V at low frequen-

cies. Larger input transitions are required at high

frequencies because of input filter with 1.2 µs time

constant. Signals up to 400 kHz will be counted if

centered around +2.5 V with deviations ‡ – 2.5 V

for ‡ 1.2 µs.
LOW LEVEL AC MODE:

(Typical of magnetic pulse flow transducers or

other low voltage, sine wave outputs.)

Input Hysteresis: 14 mV

Maximum ac Input Voltage: ±20 V

Minimum ac Input Voltage:

(Sine wave mV rms)* Range (Hz)

20 1 to 1000

200 0.5 to 10,000

*16-bit config. or 64 Hz scan req’d for freq. > 2048 Hz

1000 0.3 to 16,000

DIGITAL I/O PORTS

DESCRIPTION: Port C1 is software selectable as a

binary input, control output, or as an SDI-12 port.

Port C2/P3 is input only and can be software con-

figured as an SDI-12 port, a binary input, or as a

switch closure counter (40 Hz max).
OUTPUT VOLTAGES (no load): high 5.0 V ±0.1 V;

low < 0.1 V
OUTPUT RESISTANCE: 500 ohms
INPUT STATE: high 3.0 to 5.5 V; low -0.5 to 0.8 V

INPUT RESISTANCE: 100 kohms

SDI-12 INTERFACE STANDARD

DESCRIPTION: Digital I/O Ports C1-C2 support

SDI-12 asynchronous communication; up to ten
SDI-12 sensors can be connected to each port.
Meets SDI-12 standard Version 1.2 for datalogger
and sensor modes.

EMI and ESD PROTECTION

The CR510 is encased in metal and incorporates EMI
filtering on all inputs and outputs. Gas discharge
tubes provide robust ESD protection on all terminal
block inputs and outputs. The following European
standards apply.

EMC tested and conforms to BS EN61326:1998.
Details of performance criteria applied are available

upon request.

CPU AND INTERFACE

PROCESSOR: Hitachi 6303.
PROGRAM STORAGE: Up to 16 kbytes for active

program; additional 16 kbytes for alternate
programs. Operating system stored in 128 kbytes
Flash memory.

DATA STORAGE: 128 kbytes SRAM standard

(approximately 62,000 values). Additional
2 Mbytes Flash available as an option.

OPTIONAL KEYBOARD DISPLAY: 8 digit LCD

(0.5" digits).

PERIPHERAL INTERFACE: 9 pin D-type

connector for keyboard display, storage module,
modem, printer, card storage module, and
RS-232 adapter.

BAUD RATES: Selectable at 300, 1200, and 9600,

76,800 for certain synchronous devices. ASCII
communication protocol is one start bit, one stop
bit, eight data bits (no parity).

CLOCK ACCURACY: ±1 minute per month

SYSTEM POWER REQUIREMENTS

VOLTAGE: 9.6 to 16 Vdc
TYPICAL CURRENT DRAIN: 1.3 mA quiescent,

13 mA during processing, and 46 mA during
analog measurement.

BATTERIES: Any 12 V battery can be connected as

a primary power source. Several power supply
options are available from Campbell Scientific.
The model CR2430 lithium battery for clock and
SRAM backup has a capacity of 270 mAhr.

PHYSICAL SPECIFICATIONS

SIZE: 8.4" x 1.5" x 3.9" (21.3 cm x 3.8 cm x 9.9 cm).

Additional clearance required for serial cable and
sensor leads.

WEIGHT: 15 oz. (425 g)

WARRANTY

Three years against defects in materials
and workmanship.

We recommend that you confirm system

configuration and critical specifications with

Campbell Scientific before purchase.

OV-18

Copyright © 1999, 2001
Campbell Scientific, Inc.
Printed September 2001