CFM100 CompactFlash® Module
Revision: 1/11
Copyright © 2000-2011
Campbell Scientific, Inc.
Warranty and Assistance
The CFM100 COMPACT FLASH MODULE is warranted by Campbell
Scientific, Inc. to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under
normal use and service for twelve (12) months from date of shipment unless
specified otherwise. Batteries have no warranty. Campbell Scientific, Inc.'s
obligation under this warranty is limited to repairing or replacing (at Campbell
Scientific, Inc.'s option) defective products. The customer shall assume all
costs of removing, reinstalling, and shipping defective products to Campbell
Scientific, Inc. Campbell Scientific, Inc. will return such products by surface
carrier prepaid. This warranty shall not apply to any Campbell Scientific, Inc.
products which have been subjected to modification, misuse, neglect, accidents
of nature, or shipping damage. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties,
expressed or implied, including warranties of merchantability or fitness for a
particular purpose. Campbell Scientific, Inc. is not liable for special, indirect,
incidental, or consequential damages.
Products may not be returned without prior authorization. The following
contact information is for US and International customers residing in countries
served by Campbell Scientific, Inc. directly. Affiliate companies handle
repairs for customers within their territories. Please visit
www.campbellsci.com to determine which Campbell Scientific company
serves your country.
To obtain a Returned Materials Authorization (RMA), contact Campbell
Scientific, Inc., phone (435) 753-2342. After an applications engineer
determines the nature of the problem, an RMA number will be issued. Please
write this number clearly on the outside of the shipping container. Campbell
Scientific's shipping address is:
CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.
RMA#_____
815 West 1800 North
Logan, Utah 84321-1784
For all returns, the customer must fill out a “Declaration of Hazardous Material
and Decontamination” form and comply with the requirements specified in it.
The form is available from our website at
completed form must be either emailed to repair@campbellsci.com
435-750-9579. Campbell Scientific will not process any returns until we
receive this form. If the form is not received within three days of product
receipt or is incomplete, the product will be returned to the customer at the
customer’s expense. Campbell Scientific reserves the right to refuse service on
products that were exposed to contaminants that may cause health or safety
concerns for our employees.
www.campbellsci.com/repair
. A
or faxed to
CFM100 Table of Contents
PDF viewers note: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use
the Adobe Acrobat® bookmarks tab for links to specific sections.
1. CFM100 CompactFlash® Module Overview ............1-1
1.1 Specifications........................................................................................ 1-1
1.2 Physical Description ............................................................................. 1-2
1.3 Power.................................................................................................... 1-3
1.3.1 Primary Power ............................................................................ 1-3
1.3.2 Backup Power and Data Retention ............................................. 1-3
1.4 Function................................................................................................ 1-3
1.5 Quick Start Procedure........................................................................... 1-3
1.5.1 Preparation .................................................................................. 1-3
1.5.2 Programming the Datalogger to Send Data to the CFM100....... 1-3
1.5.3 Data Retrieval ............................................................................. 1-4
2. File Formats ..............................................................2-1
2.1 Data Files.............................................................................................. 2-1
2.2 Program Files........................................................................................ 2-1
2.3 Power-up Files (powerup.ini) ............................................................... 2-1
2.3.1 Creating and Editing Powerup.ini............................................... 2-2
2.3.2 Applications ................................................................................ 2-3
2.3.3 Program Execution...................................................................... 2-4
2.3.4 Example Power-up.ini Files........................................................ 2-4
2.3 Camera Files ......................................................................................... 2-5
3. Programming ............................................................3-1
3.1 The CardOut Instruction....................................................................... 3-1
3.2 Program Examples................................................................................ 3-1
3.2.1 Ring Mode .................................................................................. 3-1
3.2.2 Fill and Stop Mode...................................................................... 3-2
3.2.3 Mixed Modes .............................................................................. 3-2
3.3 Table Size and Mode ............................................................................ 3-4
4. Data Retrieval............................................................4-1
4.1 Via a Communication Link................................................................... 4-1
4.2 Transporting CF Card to Computer...................................................... 4-1
4.2.1 Converting File Formats ............................................................. 4-1
4.2.2 Reinserting the Card ................................................................... 4-2
4.2.3 Card Swapping............................................................................ 4-2
i
CFM100 Table of Contents
Appendices
A. Formatting CF Card................................................. A-1
B. PC/CF Card Information.......................................... B-1
Figure
Tables
A.1 Windows Explorer ..............................................................................A-1
A.2 CR1000KD ......................................................................................... A-2
A.3 LoggerNet File Control....................................................................... A-2
1-1. CompactFlash Module......................................................................... 1-2
2.3.1-1. Powerup.ini Commands................................................................. 2-3
B-1. CRBasic Dataloggers and PC/CF Cards ............................................ B-1
B-2. SLC and MLC Performance Characteristics...................................... B-1
B-3. Comparison of Industrial and Commercial Grade Cards................... B-2
B-4. Silicon Systems and Campbell Scientific PC/CF Model Numbers.... B-2
ii
Section 1. CFM100 CompactFlash® Module Overview
Campbell Scientific’s CFM100 CompactFlash® Module stores the datalogger’s data on a
removable CompactFlash (CF) card. The CFM100 module connects to the datalogger via
the 40-pin peripheral port. Currently, only our CR1000 and CR3000 dataloggers have the
40-pin peripheral port; the CFM100 is not compatible with the CR200-series, CR800,
CR850, CR5000, and CR9000X dataloggers.
This section of the manual surveys the CFM100 and its function. It also explains how to
quickly begin using a CFM100 for straightforward data storage operations. The
remainder of the manual is a technical reference which describes in detail such operations
as: file formats, datalogger programming and data retrieval.
1.1 Specifications
Storage Capacity: Depends on card size (up to 2 GB supported)
Dimensions: 4.0" x 3.3" x 2.6" (10.0 x 8.3 x 6.5 cm)
Weight: 132.5 g
Operating Temp. Range: -35°C to +65°C (-55°C to +85°C optional)
Typical Access Speed: 200 - 400 Kb/sec
Memory Configuration: User selectable for either ring style (default) or
fill and stop.
Power Requirements: 12 V supplied through CR1000 peripheral port
Power:
The CFM100 receives power from the datalogger through the peripheral port.
The following currents are for the CR1000 with the CFM100 attached and can
vary with the card.
Writing to card with
RS-232 port active: 30 mA (avg.)
Reading from card with
RS-232 port active: 20 mA (avg.)
Writing to card with
RS-232port not active: 20 mA (avg.)
Reading from card with
RS-232 port not active: 15 mA (avg.)
Low Power Standby State: 700–800 μA
Maintenance: There are no user-serviceable parts inside the
module.
1-1
Section 1. CFM100 CompactFlash® Module Overview
STATUS
SN:
12057
Logan, Utah
MADE IN USA
CONTROL
CompactFlash Memory Module
CFM100
CARD
FIGURE 1-1. CompactFlash Module
1.2 Physical Description
The CFM100 connects to a datalogger peripheral port and has a slot for a Type
I or Type II CompactFlash (CF) card (3.3V, 75 mA).
There is one red-green-orange LED (light emitting diode) and two buttons:
control and eject. The LED indicates the status of the module. The LED will
flash red when the CF card is being accessed, solid green when it is OK to
remove the card, solid orange to indicate an error, and flashing orange if the
card has been removed and has been out long enough that CPU memory has
wrapped and data is being overwritten without being stored to the card. The
control button must be pressed before removing a card to allow the datalogger
to store any buffered data to the card and then power it off.
1-2
1.3 Power
1.3.1 Primary Power
1.3.2 Backup Power and Data Retention
1.4 Function
Section 1. CFM100 CompactFlash® Module Overview
The CompactFlash Module is powered by 12 VDC received from the
datalogger through the peripheral port.
The module accepts CompactFlash (CF) cards which do not require power to
retain data.
Typically, a CF card can be erased and rewritten a minimum of 100,000 times.
Industrial CF cards, graded for 2,000,000 write cycles, are recommended for
most applications.
The CFM100/CF card combination can be used to expand the datalogger’s
memory, transport data/programs from the field site(s) to the office, upload
datalogger power up functions, and store JPEG images from the CC640
camera. Data stored on cards can be retrieved through a communication link
to the datalogger or by removing the card and carrying it to a computer. The
computer can read the CF card either with the CF1 adapter or 17752
Reader/Writer. The CF1 adapter allows the PC’s PCMCIA card slot to read
the CF card; the 17752 Reader/Writer allows the PC’s USB port to read the CF
card. User-supplied CF adapters may also be used.
CAUTION
LoggerNet’s File Control should not be used to retrieve
data from a CompactFlash card. Using File Control to
retrieve the data can result in a corrupted data file.
1.5 Quick Start Procedure
This Section describes the basics of storing and retrieving datalogger data.
These operations are discussed in detail in Sections 3 and 4 of this manual.
1.5.1 Preparation
CAUTION
1.5.2 Programming the Datalogger to Send Data to the CFM100
Always power down the datalogger before installing or
removing the CFM100 to/from the datalogger.
After powering down the datalogger, plug the CFM100 into the datalogger
peripheral port. Restore power to the datalogger. Insert formatted CF card.
(For instructions on formatting a CF card, see Appendix A.)
The CardOut instruction is used in the datalogger program to send data to the
CF card. The CardOut instruction must be entered within each DataTable
declaration that is to store data to the CF card. The file is saved to the card
with the name stationname.tablename and a .DAT extension.
1-3
Section 1. CFM100 CompactFlash® Module Overview
The CardOut instruction has the following parameters:
StopRing: A constant is entered for the StopRing parameter to specify
whether the DataTable created should be a Ring Mode table (0) or a Fill and
Stop table (1).
Size: The Size parameter is the minimum number of records that will be
included in the DataTable. If –1000 is entered, the size of the file on the card
will be the same as the size of the internal table on the datalogger. If any other
negative number is entered, the memory that remains after creating any fixedsize tables on the card will be allocated to this table. If multiple DataTables are
set to a negative number, the remaining memory will be divided among them.
The datalogger attempts to size the tables so that all of them will be full at the
same time
In the following example, the minimum batt_voltage and a sample of PTemp is
written to the card each time the data table is called. The StopRing parameter
is 0 for Ring mode. This means that once the data table is full, new data will
begin overwriting old data. The size parameter is –1, so all available space on
the card will be allocated to the table.
DataTable (Table1,1,-1)
CardOut (0 ,-1)
Minimum (1,batt_volt,FP2,0,False)
Sample (1,PTemp,IEEE4)
EndTable
CAUTION
To prevent losing data, collect data from the CF card
before sending the datalogger a new or modified program.
When a program is sent to the datalogger using the Send
button in the Connect screen of LoggerNet or PC400, an
attribute is sent along with the program that commands the
datalogger to erase all data on the CF card from the
currently running program.
1.5.3 Data Retrieval
Data stored on cards can be retrieved through a communication link to the
datalogger or by removing the card and carrying it to a computer with a CF
adapter. With large files, transferring the CF card to a computer may be faster
than collecting the data over a communication link. Data retrieval is discussed
in detail in Section 4.
CAUTION
Removing a card while it is active can cause garbled data
and can actually damage the card. Always press the
control button and wait for a green light before removing
card.
1-4
CAUTION
LoggerNet’s File Control should not be used to retrieve
data from a CompactFlash card. Using File Control to
retrieve the data can result in a corrupted data file.
Section 2. File Formats
This section covers the different types of files stored on the CF card
2.1 Data Files
The datalogger stores data on the CF card in TOB3 Format. TOB3 is a binary
format that incorporates features to improve reliability of the CF cards. TOB3
allows the accurate determination of each record’s time without the space
required for individual time stamps.
TOB3 format is different than the data file formats created when data are
collected via a communications link. Data files read directly from the CF card
generally need to be converted into another format to be used
When TOB3 files are converted to another format, the number of records may
be slightly greater or less than the number requested in the data table
declaration. There is always some additional memory allocated. When the file
is converted this will result in additional records if no lapses occurred. If more
lapses occur than were anticipated, there may be fewer records in the file than
were allocated.
The CardConvert software included in LoggerNet, PC400, and PC200 will
convert data files from one format to another.
2.2 Program Files
The CF card can be used to provide extra program storage space for the
datalogger. Program files can be copied to the card while it is attached as a
drive on the computer. They can also be sent to the card using LoggerNet’s
File Control. They may also be copied from CPU memory to the card (or from
the card to CPU memory) using the keyboard display.
2.3 Power-up Files (powerup.ini)
Users can insert a properly-configured CF card into the CFM100, cycle
through the datalogger power, and have power up functions automatically
performed.
Power-up functions of CompactFlash(R) cards can include
a) Sending programs to the CR1000 or CR3000
b) Setting attributes of datalogger program files
c) Setting disposition of old CF files
d) Sending an OS to the CR1000 or CR3000
e) Formatting memory drives
f) Deleting data files
2-1
Section 2. File Formats
CAUTION
Test the power-up functions in the office before going into
the field to ensure the power-up file is configured correctly.
The key to the CF power-up function is the powerup.ini file, which contains a
list of one or more command lines. At power-up, the powerup.ini command
line is executed prior to compiling the program. Powerup.ini performs three
operations:
1) Copies the specified program file to a specified memory drive.
2) Sets a file attribute on the program file
3) Optionally deletes CF data files from the overwritten (just previous)
program.
Powerup.ini takes precedence during power-up. Though it sets file attributes
for the programs it uploads, its presence on the CF does not allow those file
attributes to control the power-up process. To avoid confusion, either remove
the CF card or delete the powerup.ini file after the powerup.ini upload.
2.3.1 Creating and Editing Powerup.ini
Powerup.ini is created with a text editor, then saved as “powerup.ini”.
NOTE
Some text editors (such as WordPad) will attach header
information to the powerup.ini file causing it to abort. Check the
text of a powerup.ini file with the datalogger keyboard display to
see what the datalogger actually sees.
Comments can be added to the file by preceding them with a single-quote
character (‘). All text after the comment mark on the same line is ignored.
Syntax
Syntax allows functionality comparable to File Control in LoggerNet.
Powerup.ini is a text file that contains a list of commands and parameters. The
syntax for the file is:
Command,File,Device
where
Command = one of the numeric commands in Table 2.3.1-1.
File = file on CF associated with the action. Name can be up to 22
characters.
Device = the device to which the associated file will be copied to.
Options are CPU:, USR:, and CRD:. If left blank or with invalid option,
will default to CPU:.
2-2
TABLE 2.3.1-1. Powerup.ini Commands
Command Description
1 Run always, preserve CF data files
2 Run on power-up
5 Format
6 Run now, preserve CF data files
9 Load OS (File = .obj)
13 Run always, erase CF data files now
14 Run now, erase CF data files now
By using PreserveVariables() instruction in the datalogger CRBASIC program,
with options 1 & 6, data and variables can be preserved.
EXAMPLE 2.3.1-1. Powerup.ini code.
Section 2. File Formats
'Command = numeric power-up command
'File = file on CF associated with the action
'Device = the device to which File will be copied. Defaults to CPU:
'Command,File,Device
13,Write2CRD_2.cr1,CPU:
2.3.2 Applications
• Commands 1, 2, 6, 13, and 14 (Run Now and / or Run On Power-up). If a
device other than CRD: drive is specified, the file will be copied to that
device.
• Command 1, 2, 13 (Run On Power-up). If the copy (first application,
above) succeeds, the new Run On Power-up program is accepted. If the
copy fails, no change will be made to the Run On Power-up program.
• Commands 1, 6, 13, and 14 (Run Now). The Run Now program is
changed whether or not the copy (first application, above) occurs. If the
copy does succeed, the Run Now program will be opened from the device
specified.
• Commands 13 and 14 (Delete Associated Data). Since CRD:powerup.ini
is only processed at power-up, there is not a compiled program to delete
associated data for. The information from the last running program is still
available for the datalogger to delete the files used by that program.
2-3
Section 2. File Formats
2.3.3 Program Execution
2.3.4 Example Power-up.ini Files
EXAMPLE 2.3.4-1. Run Program on Power-up.
’Copy pwrup.cr1 to USR:, will run only when powered-up later
2,pwrup.cr1,usr:
After File is processed, the following rules determine what datalogger program
to run:
1) If the Run Now program is changed then it will be the program that runs.
2) If no change is made to Run Now program, but Run on Power-up program
is changed, the new Run on Power-up program runs.
3) If neither Run on Power-up nor Run Now programs are changed, the
previous Run on Power-up program runs.
Example 2.3.4-1 through Example 2.3.4-6 are example powerup.ini files.
EXAMPLE 2.3.4-2. Format the USR: drive.
’Format the USR: drive
5,,usr:
EXAMPLE 2.3.4-3. Send OS on Power-up.
’Load this file into FLASH as the new OS
9,CR1000.Std.04.obj
EXAMPLE 2.3.4-4. Run Program from CRD: drive.
’Leave program on CRD:, run always, erase CRD: data files
13,toobigforcpu.cr1,crd:
EXAMPLE 2.3.4-5. Run Program Always, Erase CF data.
’Run always, erase CRD: data files
13,pwrup_1.cr1,crd
2-4
EXAMPLE 2.3.4-6. Run Program Now, Erase CF data.
’Copy run.cr1 to CPU:, erase CF data, run CPU:run.cr1, but not if later powered-up
14,run.cr1,cpu:
2.4 Camera Files
JPEG images taken by a digital camera connected to the datalogger can be
stored to the CF card rather than CPU memory. This is done by configuring
the PakBus setting “Files Manager” for the datalogger. This can be done using
the Device Configuration Utility or PakBus Graph.
Section 2. File Formats
2-5
Section 2. File Formats
2-6
Section 3. Programming
3.1 The CardOut Instruction
The CardOut Instruction is used to send data to a CF card. The CardOut
Instruction must be entered within each DataTable declaration that is to store
data to the CF card. Data is stored to the card when a call is made to the data
table.
CardOut (StopRing, Size)
Parameter
& Data Type
StopRing
Constant
Size
Constant
Enter
A code to specify if the Data Table on the CF card is fill and stop or ring (newest data
overwrites oldest).
Value Result
0 Ring
1 Fill and Stop
The size to make the data table. The number of data sets (records) for which to allocate
memory in the CF card. Each time a variable or interval trigger occurs, a line (or row) of
data is output with the number of values determined by the Output Instructions within the
table. This data is called a record.
Note
Enter any other negative number and all remaining memory (after creating any
Enter –1000 and the size of the table on the card will match the size of the
internal table on the datalogger
fixed size data tables) will be allocated to the table or partitioned among all
tables with a negative value for size. The partitioning algorithm attempts to
have the tables full at the same time.
3.2 Program Examples
3.2.1 Ring Mode
The following program outputs the maximum and minimum of the panel
temperature to the card once a second. The first parameter of the CardOut
instruction is 0, which sets the table on the card to ring mode. The second
parameter is negative, so all available memory on the card will be allocated to
the data table. Once all available memory is used, new data will begin
overwriting the oldest data.
PROGRAM
'CR1000
Public temp
DataTable (Table1,1,-1)
CardOut (0, -1)
Maximum (1,temp,FP2,False,False)
Minimum (1,temp,FP2,False,False)
EndTable
3-1
Section 3. Programming
BeginProg
Scan(1,SEC,3,0)
PanelTemp(temp,250)
CallTable Table1
NextScan
EndProg
3.2.2 Fill and Stop Mode
'CR1000
Public temp
DataTable (Table1,1,1000)
CardOut (1,1000)
Sample(1,temp,IEEE4)
EndTable
BeginProg
Scan(1,SEC,3,0)
PanelTemp(temp,250)
CallTable Table1
NextScan
EndProg
The following program outputs a sample of the panel temperature to the card
once a second. The first parameter of the CardOut instruction is 1, which sets
the table on the card to fill and stop mode. The second parameter (1000) is the
number of records which will be written before the table is full and data
storage stops. Once 1000 records have been stored, data storage will stop.
PROGRAM
To reset a table after a fill and stop table has been filled and stopped, either use
the reset button in LoggerNet (LN Connect | Datalogger | View Station Status |
Table Fill Times, Reset Tables button) or use the CRBasic ResetTable
instruction.
3-2
3.2.3 Mixed Modes
The following program stores 4 data tables to the card. The first two tables
will output samples of the panel temperature and battery voltage to the card
once a second. The first parameter of the CardOut instructions is 1, which sets
the tables on the card to fill and stop mode. The second parameter is 1000, so
1000 records will be written to each table before stopping.
Tables 3 and 4 will output the maximum and minimum of the panel
temperature and battery voltage to the card once every five seconds. (The
tables will be called once a second. The DataInterval instruction causes data to
only be stored every five seconds.) The first parameter of the CardOut
instructions is 0, which sets the tables on the card to ring mode. The second
parameter is negative, so all available memory on the card will be allocated to
these tables, once space for the fixed-size tables has been allocated. The
datalogger will attempt to size the tables so that both of them will be full at the
same time.
PROGRAM
'CR1000
Public temp
Public batt
DataTable (Table1,1,-1)
CardOut (1,1000)
Sample(1,temp,IEEE4)
EndTable
DataTable (Table2,1,-1)
CardOut (1,1000)
Sample(1,batt,IEEE4)
EndTable
DataTable (Table3,1,1000)
DataInterval(0,5,sec,4)
CardOut (0 ,-1)
Maximum (1,temp,FP2,False,False)
Minimum (1,temp,FP2,False,False)
EndTable
DataTable (Table4,1,1000)
DataInterval(0,5,sec,4)
CardOut (0 ,-1)
Maximum (1batt,FP2,False,False)
Minimum (1,batt,FP2,False,False)
EndTable
BeginProg
Scan(1,SEC,3,0)
PanelTemp(temp,250)
Battery(Batt)
CallTable Table1
CallTable Table2
CallTable Table3
CallTable Table4
NextScan
EndProg
Section 3. Programming
3-3
Section 3. Programming
3.3 Table Size and Mode
The size of each data table in CPU memory is set as part of the DataTable
instruction and the size of each data table on the CF card is set with the
CardOut instruction. Because they are set independently, they can be different.
It is important to note that if the CPU memory is set to fill and stop mode, once
a table is full, all data storage to the table will stop. No more records will be
stored to the CPU memory or the card.
3-4
Section 4. Data Retrieval
Data stored on CF cards can be retrieved through a communication link to the datalogger
or by removing the card and carrying it to a computer.
4.1 Via a Communication Link
Data can be transferred to a computer via a communications link using one of
Campbell Scientific’s datalogger support software packages (e.g., PC200,
PC400, LoggerNet). There is no need to distinguish whether the data is to be
collected from the CPU memory or a CF card. The software package will look
for data in the CPU memory and then the CF card.
4.2 Transporting CF Card to Computer
With large files, transferring the CF card to a computer may be faster than
collecting the data over a link.
CAUTION
Removing a card while it is active can cause garbled data
and can actually damage the card. Do not switch off the
CR1000 power if a card is present and active.
To remove a card, press the control button on the CFM100. The CR1000 or
CR3000 will transfer any buffered data to the card and then power off. The
Status LED will turn green when it is OK to remove the card. The card will be
reactivated after 20 seconds if it is not removed.
When the CF card is inserted in a computer, the data files can be copied to
another drive or used directly from the CF card just as one would from any
other disk. In most cases, however, it will be necessary to convert the file
format before using the data.
4.2.1 Converting File Formats
Files can be converted using LoggerNet’s CardConvert. Begin by using
“Select Output Drive” to indicate where the files to be converted are stored.
Then use “Change Output Dir” to choose where you would like the converted
files to be stored. Place check marks next to the files to be converted. A
default destination filename is given. It can be changed by right-clicking with
the filename highlighted. Use the drop-down to select what file format to
convert to. Then press “Start Conversion” to begin converting files. Green
checkmarks will appear next to each filename as conversion is complete.
4-1
Section 4. Data Retrieval
4.2.2 Reinserting the Card
If the same card is inserted again into the CFM100, the datalogger will store all
data to the card that has been generated since the card was removed that is still
in the CPU memory. If the data tables have been left on the card, new data
will be appended to the end of the old files. If the data tables have been
deleted, new ones will be generated.
NOTE
Check the status of the card before leaving the datalogger. If a
CF card was not properly accepted, the CFM100 will flash
orange. In that case, the user needs to reformat and erase all data
contained on the CF card. Formatting or erasing a CF card
might be done on a PC or datalogger. The procedure for
formatting a CF card is explained in Section OV5 of the CR1000
and CR3000 manuals.
4.2.3 Card Swapping
When transporting a CF card to a computer to retrieve data, most users will
want to use a second card to ensure that no data is lost. For this method of
collection, use the following steps.
4-2
1. Insert formatted card (“CF-A”) in CFM100 attached to datalogger.
2. Send Program containing CardOut instruction(s).
Section 4. Data Retrieval
3. When ready to retrieve data, press CFM100 button to remove card. LED
will show red while the most current data is stored to the card and then go
green. Eject card, while LED is green.
4. Put in clean card (“CF-B”).
5. Use CardConvert to copy data from CF-A to PC and convert. The default
CardConvert filename will be TOA5_stationname_tablename.dat Once
the data is copied, use Windows Explorer to delete all data files from the
card. NOTE: Windows98 and WindowsME users need to shift-delete to
completely delete files. Using standard delete may create an invisible
recycle bin on the CF card.
6. At the next card swap, eject CF-B and insert the clean CF-A.
7. Running CardConvert on CF-B will result in separate data files containing
records since CF-A was ejected. Card Convert can increment the filename
to TOA5_stationname_tablename_0.dat.
8. The data files can be joined using a software utility such as WordPad or
Excel.
CardConvert File CF-A Record
Numbers
CF-B Record
Numbers
TOA5_tablename.dat 0-100
TOA5_tablename.dat 101-1234
TOA5_tablename.dat 1235-….
4-3
Section 4. Data Retrieval
This is a blank page.
4-4
Appendix A. Formatting CF Card
The CF card can be formatted using 1) Windows Explorer, 2) the CR1000KD
or 3) LoggerNet File Control.
A.1 Windows Explorer
To format card using Windows Explorer:
1) Insert CF card into CF adapter or CF reader.
2) Windows Explorer should identify a drive as a removable disk (F:\).
3) Select that drive and right click.
4) Choose Format.
A-1
Appendix A. Formatting CF Card
5) Choose FAT32 under file system, give the card a label, then Start. (The
CR1000 will work with either FAT or FAT 32.)
A.2 CR1000KD
To format card using the CR1000KD:
1) Insert CF card into CFM100.
2) From Main Menu of CR1000KD, choose PCCard.
3) Choose Format Card..
4) Choose Yes to proceed.
A.3 LoggerNet File Control
To format card using LoggerNet File Control:
1) Insert CF card into CFM100.
2) Use LoggerNet to connect to datalogger
A-2
Appendix A. Formatting CF Card
3) Choose FileControl under the Tools menu of the Connect screen.
4) Highlight CRD.
5) Press Format.
6) Press Yes to confirm.
A-3
Appendix A. Formatting CF Card
This is a blank page.
A-4
Appendix B. PC/CF Card Information
PC or CompactFlash (CF) cards provide a relatively inexpensive, off-the-shelf
means of retrieving data from many of our CRBasic dataloggers or expanding
the on-board datalogger memory. The datalogger’s memory can be expanded
up to 2 Gbytes with the use of these cards. Some dataloggers can use either a
PC or CF card, and others can only use a CF card with the appropriate
expansion module. Table B-1 lists the compatibility between dataloggers and
cards.
TABLE B-1. CRBasic Dataloggers and PC/CF Cards
Datalogger Card Slot CF Card PC Card
CR200 Not Available Not Available Not Available
CR800/850 Not Available Not Available Not Available
CR1000 CFM100 or NL115 Yes No
CR3000 CFM100 or NL115 Yes No
CR5000 Built In Yes, with Adaptor Yes
CR9000(X) Built In Yes, with Adaptor Yes
PC/CF cards use NAND (Not AND) Flash (non-volatile) memory which has
the following characteristics: high density, low cost/bit, sequential access,
scalable, and a single standard. There are two types of NAND Flash memory:
Single-Level Cell (SLC) and Multi-Level Cell (MLC). SLC NAND Flash
sometimes called Binary Flash, store one bit of data per memory cell and has
two states: erased (1) or programmed (0). MLC NAND Flash store two bits of
data per memory cell and has four states: erased (11), two thirds (10), one
third (01), or programmed (00)
desirable, because each cell can hold more information. However, as
summarized in Table B-2, the increased data storage comes at a price, mainly
speed.
1
. At first glance, the MLC cards seem more
TABLE B-2. SLC and MLC Performance Characteristics
SLC MLC
Voltage 3.3 V / 1.8 V 3.3 V
Page Size / Block Size 2KB / 128KB 512 B / 32 KB or 2 KB /
256 KB
Access Time (maximum) 25 µs 70 µs
Page Program Time 250 µs 1.2 ms
Partial Programming Yes No
Endurance 100,000 10,000
Write Data Rate 8 MB/s+ 1.5 MB/s
There is a notable performance difference between the two types of NAND
Flash memory. In a performance study by Samsung Electronics
2
, Samsung
B-1
Appendix B. PC/CF Card Information
found that SLC outperformed MLC, offering greater durability, running 300%
faster in write mode, and 43% faster in read mode. While MLC Flash
increases the overall density of data storage, which therefore decreases cost; it
does so at the expense of data reliability, performance and memory
management. Furthermore, MLC technology is more prone to failure, data
corruption, or incorrect reading due to memory cell degradation from the
additional energy required during operations
There are two types of CF cards available today: Industrial grade and Standard
or Commercial grade. Industrial grade PC/CF cards are held to a higher
standard; specifically they operate over a wider temperature range, offer better
vibration and shock resistance, and have faster read/write times than their
commercial counterparts (Table B-3). The Industrial Grade cards more closely
match the operating envelope of the dataloggers, and for this reason we
recommend you always use extended temperature tested, Industrial Grade
PC/CF cards with a datalogger.
TABLE B-3. Comparison of Industrial and Commercial Grade Cards
2
.
Industrial Grade
Cards
Commercial Grade
Cards
Operating Temperature -40 to +85ºC 0 to +70ºC
Vibration Proofing 30 Gs 15 Gs
Shock Resistance 2000 Gs 1000 Gs
MTBF >3,000,000 hours >1,000,000 hours
Type of NAND Flash Memory SLC MLC typically
but some SLC
All Campbell Scientific products are Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) tested to
ensure that in the event of a static discharge neither the equipment nor the data
is damaged or lost. Campbell Scientific ESD tested several brands of cards,
only the Silicon Systems cards passed this testing. Campbell Scientific
recommends that only Silicon Systems cards be used with Campbell Scientific
CRBasic dataloggers. It is not necessary to purchase the cards directly from
Campbell Scientific, as long as the Silicon Systems card model number
matches Table B-4.
TABLE B-4. Silicon Systems and Campbell Scientific
PC/CF Model Numbers
Card
Type
Size
(Mbytes)
Silicon Systems
(model number)
Campbell Scientific
(model number)
CF 64 SSD-C64MI-3038 CFMC64M
CF 256 SSD-C25MI-3038 CFMC256M
CF 1024 SSD-C01GI-3038 CFM1GM
CF 2048 SSD-C02GI-3038 Not Available
PC 1024 SSD-P01GI-3038 Not Available
PC 2048 SSD-P02GI-3038 Not Available
B-2
Appendix B. PC/CF Card Information
References
1. “Implementing MLC NAND Flash for Cost-Effective, High-Capacity
Memory”, written by Raz Dan and Rochelle Singer, September 2003,
Rev 1.1,
www.data-io.com/pdf/NAND/MSystems/Implementing_MLC_NAND_Flash.pdf
2. “Advantages of SLC NAND Flash Memory”,
www.mymemory.com.my/SLC%20VS%20MLC.html
.
.
B-3
Appendix B. PC/CF Card Information
This is a blank page.
B-4
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