Camco VORTEX 2.6, VORTEX 4 User Manual

VORTEX OWNER’S MANUAL
CAMCO USER MANUAL
VORTEX POWER AMP SERIES
P.2
FOR VORTEX MODELS: 2.6, 4 & 6
Copyright 2001 by CAMCO Produktions-und Vertriebs-GmbH
©
Fischpicke 5, D-57482 Wenden, Germany
Telephone +49 (0)2762 408-0
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CAUTION
RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK
DO NOT OPEN
THE LIGHTNING FLASH WITH ARROW HEAD SYMBOL, IS INTENDED TO ALERT THE
USER TO THE PRESENCE OF UNINSULATED “DANGEROUS VOLTAGE” WITHIN THE
PRODUCT’S ENCLOSURE THAT MAY BE OF SUFFICIENT OPERATING
MAGNITUDE TO CONSTITUTE A RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK TO PERSONS
THE EXCLAMATION MARK IS INTENDED TO ALERT THE USER TO THE
INSTRUCTIONS IN THE LITERATURE ACCOMPANYING THE APPLIANCE
EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS
CAUTION - RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT OPEN
CAUTION - HIGH VOLTAGE HAZARDS
EXIST WITHIN THIS PRODUCT.
PLEASE REFER ALL SERVICING TO
AUTHORISED PERSONNEL
PRESENCE OF IMPORTANT AND MAINTENANCE (SERVICING)
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VORTEX POWER AMP SERIES
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WARNING - TO PREVENT FIRE OR SHOCK HAZARD, DO NOT EXPOSE THIS
APPLIANCE TO RAIN OR MOISTURE
1.0 Read Owner’s Manual
When shipping the VORTEX amplier, always use the original shipping carton and packing materials. For maximum protection, repack the unit as it was originally packed at the factory.
SAFETY
2.0 Environments
Use this amplier only in E1, E2, E3 or E4 environments according EN55103-2.
3.0 Ventilation
Slots and openings in the cabinet are provided for ventilation, to ensure reliable operation of the product and to protect it from overheating. These openings must not be blocked or covered. This product should not be installed unless proper ventilation is provided or manufacturer’s instructions have been adhered to.
4.0 Water & Moisture
Do not use this product near water (for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool)
8.0 Object And Liquid Entry
Never push objects of any kind into this product through openings as they may touch dangerous voltage points or short out parts that could result in a re or electric shock. Never spill liquid of any kind on the product.
9.0 Accessories
Do not place this product on an unstable cart, stand, tripod, bracket, or table. The product may fall, causing serious injury, and serious damage to the product. Any mounting of the product should follow the manufacturers instructions, and should use a mounting accessory recommended by the manufacturer.
10.0 Connecting
When you connect the amplier to other equipment, turn off the power and unplug all of the equipment from the supply source. Failure to do so may cause an electric shock and serious personal injury. Read the owner’s manual of the other equipment carefully and follow the instructions when making the connections.
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VORTEX POWER AMP SERIES
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5.0 Cleaning
Unplug this product from the wall outlet before cleaning. Do not use liquid or aerosol cleaners.
6.0 Power-cord Protection
Power-supply cords should be routed so that they are not likely to be walked on or pinched by items placed upon them or against them, paying particular attention to cords and plugs, and the point where they exit from the product.
7.0 Lightning
For added protection of this product during storms, or when it is left unattended and unused for long periods of time, unplug it from the wall outlet. This will prevent damage to the product due to lightning and power-line surges.
11.0 Sound Volume
Reduce the volume to minimum before you turn on the product to prevent sudden high levels which may cause hearing or speaker damage.
12.0 Damage Requiring Service
Unplug this product from the mains supply and refer to your dealer/distributor under the following conditions:
When the power-supply cord is damaged
If liquid has been spilled, or objects have fallen into the product
If the product does not operate normally by following the operating instructions. Adjust only those controls that are covered by the operating instructions as an improper adjustment of other controls may result in damage and will often require extensive work by a qualied technician to
restore the product to its normal operation.
If the product has been dropped or damaged in any way.
When the product exhibits a distinct change in performance this indicates
a need for a service.
SAFETY
13.0 Servicing
Do not attempt to service this product yourself as opening or removing covers may expose you to dangerous voltage or other hazards. Please refer to your dealer/distributor.
14.0 Replacement Parts
When replacement parts are required, be sure the dealer/distributor uses replacement parts specied by the manufacturer. Unauthorized substitutions may result in re, electric shock or hazards.
15.0 Safety Check
Upon completion of any service or repairs to this product, ask the dealer distributor to perform safety checks to determine that the product is in proper operating condition.
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VORTEX POWER AMP SERIES
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EC Declaration of Conformity in accordance to EC Directives:
electro-magnetic compatibility (Council Directive 89/336/EEC, as amended by Directives 92/31/EEC and 93/68/EEC); low-voltage electrical equipment (Council Directive 73/23/EEC )
Manufacturers Name:
CAMCO Produktions- und Vertriebs- GmbH
Manufacturers Address:
Fischpicke 5 57482 Wenden Germany
Declares that the product with the model name:
CAMCO Power amplier VORTEX 2.6, VORTEX 4 and VORTEX 6
Conforms to the following standards:
EN60065 Security
EN55103-1 Emission
EN55103-2 Immunity
EC DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
The operating conditions and application environments presupposed in the operating instruction are to be kept accordingly.
Wenden, 26.10.2000
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Joachim Stöcker
P.3 P.4 P.6 P.7 P.8
CONTENTS
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P.11
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VORTEX POWER AMP SERIES
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EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS SAFETY DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY CE CONTENTS
1.0 WELCOME
1.1 Welcome to CAMCO
1.2 Unpacking
1.3 Features (Introduction)
2.0 FACILITIES
2.1 Front Panel
2.2 Rear Panel
3.0 INSTALLATION
3.1 ON/OFF Switch
3.2 Precautions
3.3 Mounting
3.4 Cooling
3.5 Ground Lift
3.6 Wiring
3.6.1 SPEAKON Connection
3.6.2 E.U.I. and XLR Connection
3.6.3 Stereo Operation
3.6.4 Bridge-Mono Operation
3.6.5 Parallel-Mono Operation
3.7 Input Signal Parallel Switch on E.U.I.
4.0 OPERATION
4.1 Precautions
4.2 Controls
4.2.1 Volume Control
4.2.2 Gain Selector
4.2.3 Limiter Switch
4.3 Indicators
4.3.1 On/Failure Indicators
4.3.2 Signal Indicators
4.3.3 Clip/Output Current Indicators
4.4 Power Amp Protection Systems
4.4.1 Clip Limiter
4.4.2 Under Impedance Limiter
4.4.3 Speaker Protect Limiter
4.4.4 SOA Protection
4.4.5 DC Protection
4.4.6 DC Servo
4.4.7 Power Amp Over Current Protection
4.4.8 Power Amp Thermal Protection
4.5 Mains Protection
4.5.1 Inrush Current Limitation
4.5.2 Mains Over Voltage Detection
4.5.3 Mains Failure detection
4.5.4 Fuse Protection
4.6 Main SMPS Protection
4.6.1 Main SMPS Over Current Protection
4.7 Fans
4.8 Filter Cleaning
5.0 OPTIONS
P.21
5.1 E.U.I.
5.1.1 Input Signal Parallel Switch
5.1.2 Filter On/Off Switch
5.1.3 Accessories
5.1.4 Using E.U.I.
5.2 C.A.I.
5.2.1 CAMCO Audio Interface
5.2.2 Wiring
5.2.3 CAI - Address Settings
5.2.4 To Activate CAI Address Selection Procedure
5.2.5 CAI - Status Indicator
5.2.6 Overview or Remote Controls with CAI
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6.0 TROUBLESHOOTING
6.1 On LED Flashing Sequences
6.2 Examples of LED Sequences
6.3 Problem: No Sound
6.4 Problem: No Sound or Sound is too Low
6.5 Problem: No Channel Separation
6.6 Problem: Distorted Sound
6.7 Problem: Music Sounds Frequency Filtered
6.8 Problem: Hiss
6.9 Problem: Squeals and Feedback
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7.0 SPECIFICATION
P.28
8.0 MEASUREMENTS
P.32
9.0 WARRANTY INFORMATION
8.1 Summary of Warranty
8.2 Items Excluded from this Warranty
8.3 What CAMCO will do
8.4 How to obtain Warranty Service
8.5 CAMCO’s Product Improvement
P.33
10.0 SERVICE INFORMATION
9.1 Owner’s Information
9.2 Nature of Problem
9.3 Expired Warranty
9.4 Shipping Address
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11.0 COMPANY INFORMATION
1.1 Welcome to CAMCO
Established in 1983, CAMCO has gained worldwide experience with professional sound reinforcement technology. Within the audio market, CAMCO specialises in the production and marketing of high quality power ampliers and sound systems for use both on tour and in static installations.
The success of the LA, DL and DX series power amps has made the CAMCO name synonymous with professional quality, high performance and utterly
1.0 WELCOME
reliable power amps.
1.2 Unpacking
Please unpack and inspect your new amplier for any damage that may have occurred during transit. If damage is found, notify the transportation company immediately. Only you the consignee may initiate a claim for shipping damage. CAMCO will be happy to cooperate fully as needed. Please save the shipping carton as evidence of damage for the shipper’s inspection.
Even if the amplier has arrived in perfect condition, save all packing materials so you will have them if you ever need to transport the unit.
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CAMCO’s commitment to research and development, seen not just in the area of materials and technology but also most importantly in its highly skilled and motivated workforce, is one of the keys to its ongoing success.
With its all-new VORTEX power amp series, CAMCO is pioneering a new dimension in professional power amp construction. The seamless combination of groundbreaking technology with secure and proven elements is the hallmark of the new series.
Welcome to the new world of professional power ampliers -
WELCOME TO CAMCO!
NEVER SHIP THE AMPLIFIER WITHOUT THE ORIGINAL
PACKING MATERIALS.
When shipping the VORTEX amplier, always use the original shipping carton and packing materials. For maximum protection, repack the unit as it was originally packed at the factory.
1.3 The amplier
The VORTEX is a Class-H power amplier with a power output of 3 kW per channel / 2 Ohm load (6 kW in mono / 4 Ohm load) for VORTEX 6, 2 kW per channel / 2 Ohm load (4 kW in mono / 4 Ohm load) for VORTEX 4 and 1300 W per chanel / 2 Ohm load (2,6 kW in mono / 4 Ohm load) for VORTEX 2.6. It is supplied by Switched Mode Power Supplies (SMPS). These SMPS’s radically reduce the weight and size (only 2U) of the amplier. Using SMPS, the 3 ­symmetrical supply voltages (2- symmetrical supply voltages for VORTEX 2.6)
1.0 WELCOME
of the power amplier are more stable than the power supplies used in con­ventional ampliers.
The VORTEX also uses a microprocessor for controlling and monitoring the power amp. Controlling a power amp designed for use in modern sound systems, has four main advantages over more traditional power amp systems:
Reduced Distortion
Improved Noise Characteristics
Integrated Remote Control
Indication of protection or failures by different LED sequences
The VORTEX has been designed as an intelligent and powerful product for performing specialised tasks within a complex audio system. Users can adapt the power amp to meet their specic audio requirements before use. Controls mounted on the front and the rear of the VORTEX allow access to the functionality.
Since some of the externally mounted controls have multiple functions, it is important that users should familiarise themselves with the entire range of controls and programmable features before using the power amp.
If you have questions about features of the VORTEX power amp that are not covered by the basic descriptions in this manual, CAMCO would be pleased to offer you further information. Alternatively, contact your dealer/distributor.
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2.0 FACILITIES
11
9
10
2
1
3
VORTEX - The Front
1 ON / OFF Switch 2 Volume Control - Channel A 3 Volume Control - Channel B 4 On / Failure Indicators 5 Signal Indicators 6 Clip / Output Current Indicators
13 16 17 18 19
4
5
6
7 8
7 Removable Air Filter System 8 Cooling Air Inlet Vents 9 Enter-Switch (behind Front Panel) 10 Operating Mode Indicators 11 CAI Status Indicator
VORTEX - The Rear
12 AC Power Cable 13 CAMCO Audio Interface (C.A.I.) 14 Speakon Connectors 15 Cooling Vents 16 Input Ground Lift Switch 17 Operating Mode Selector
18 Limiter Switch 19 Gain - Selector 20 Extended User Interface (E.U.I.) 21 XLR - Line Inputs 22 XLR - Line Outputs
20
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VORTEX POWER AMP SERIES
12 14
15
21
2222 21
3.1 On/off Switch
NOTE: This switch does not isolate the appliance from mains.
It initiates start-up by activating the inrush current limiter. When the amp is connected to mains, only the line-lter and the input of the silicon controlled rectier (fused) are energised.
10,5 mm
76,2 mm
3.0 INSTALLATION
88,1 mm
411,0 mm
465,0 mm 442,0 mm
3.2 Precautions
When mounting or connecting the amp always disconnect it from mains.
3.3 Mounting
Use four screws and washers when mounting the amplier to the front rack rails. Rear support is also recommended, especially in mobile and touring use.
76,2 mm
10,5 mm
427,0 mm
436,0 mm
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VORTEX POWER AMP SERIES
3.4 Cooling
Under normal operation of the power amp, overheating should never be a problem. The temperature of the cooling air will depend on the immediate environment (e.g. an enclosed rack, direct sunlight) and on whether the front lter is clogged. If the amp is installed in a case, the open area at the back of the case must be at least 140 cm². This area should be in line with the amp. If this can not be achived a forced ventilation system has to be used. The air is taken in from the front and out through the back, it is of course essential that while the power amp is running air is able to circulate around it freely.
3.0 INSTALLATION
3.5 Ground Lift
The input signal ground (pin 1 for all 4 XLR’s) is tied to the ground potential in the mains supply. Opening the ground lift switch causes this connection to be broken. This allows ground loops that sometimes occur in practice to be eliminated. The ground potential of the power amp and therefore of the loudspeaker outputs is independent of the switch setting and remains at the ground potential of the mains supply.
3.6 Wiring
3.6.1 SPEAKON Connection
4 Ohm speaker cabinets in parallel Use the contacts in both SPEAKON connectors for each channel. If not, this may cause permanent damage of the connectors, depending on the music material.
INPUT CHANNEL A
INPUT CHANNEL B
CH. A
CH. B
UPPER SPEAKON
P.12
Removing the mains connector ground - as often practiced - is not only illegal but pointless too, since in practice it never produces any improvement!
CAMCO USER MANUAL
VORTEX POWER AMP SERIES
DO NOT REMOVE MAINS CONNECTOR GROUND
IT IS ILLEGAL AND DANGEROUS
BOTTOM SPEAKON
3.6.2 E.U.I. and XLR Connection
Pin 1 Ground (or lifted via 15 Ohm resistor)
XLR:
Pin 2 Hot Pin 3 Cold
Always use symmetrical (balanced) shielded cable to connect the amplier wherever possible.
To Gnd
Lift Switch
To Ch. B
3.0 INSTALLATION
input stage
Stereo = Open
S1
Input signal chaining = Close
To Ch. A
input stage
3.6.3 Mode Indicators
On the front panel there are two yellow LED’s to indicate the mode that is set. In stereo mode none of them will be lit. In Parallel Mono the (PM) LED will be lit and in Mono Bridge, the (MB) LED will be lit.
3.6.4 Mode Switch
The switch on the rear panel changes the operating mode. Moving this switch will shutdown the amplier and restart it in the new operating mode.
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3
1
CAMCO USER MANUAL
VORTEX POWER AMP SERIES
2
INPUT
CHANNEL B
3
1
2
3
1
2
INPUT
CHANNEL A
3
2
1
3.6.5 Stereo Operation
Two fully independent amplier channels (normal operating mode).
MODE
BRIDGE
STEREO
PARALLEL MONO
VORTEX
WARNING! RMS output voltages as high as 230 V are available at the output. Wiring to the speaker loads must conform to NEC Class 3 safety standards.
3.6.7 Parallel-Mono Operation
Parallel operation of the two channels together.
3.0 INSTALLATION
P.14
3.6.6 Bridge-Mono Operation
One-channel mono bridged operation.
MODE
BRIDGE
STEREO
PARALLEL MONO
VORTEX
The second channel processes the same input signal, but with reversed phase. The (single) load is connected between the two positive channel outputs using a suitable connected SPEAKON connector. While the total output of the ampli­er remains the same, both the available output voltage and the minimum impedance that can be connected are doubled, as compared with stereo oper­ation. Only Channel A-Input is active. A signal feeding Channel B will have no effect on the output.
CAMCO USER MANUAL
VORTEX POWER AMP SERIES
MODE
BRIDGE
STEREO
PARALLEL MONO
VORTEX
The output terminals of the two channels are congured in parallel using an internal relay. The (single) load is connected either to the output of channel 1 or to that of channel 2 (as if in stereo). While the total output of the amplier remains the same and the output voltage level is also the same as in stereo operation, the minimum impedance that can be connected is reduced by half due to the fact that current capability is doubled. Only Channel A-Input is active. This mode is useful when powering 3 speaker cabinets in parallel. A load balancing is achieved in this case.
NOTE: For parallel mono operation, to prevent damage of one SPEAKON connector and to reduce loss of power because of contact or cable resistance, it is highly recommended to wire speaker loads using both 2 channel SPEAKON connectors with all contacts connected.
3.7 Input Signal Chaining
The input signals to the XLR connectors can be hard-wired in parallel using a switch on the E.U.I. (See 3.6.2, Switch 1, 5.1, Extended User Interface and 5.1.1, Input Signal Parallel Switch). This serves as a replacement for an external short XLR female - XLR male cable for parallel linking the signal inputs.
Switch S1
3.0 INSTALLATION
CAUTION: Linking channels together can cause damage to system components if for example two inputs are used with separate ‘LF’ and ‘HF’ feeds. If the amplier is to be used for ‘LF’ and ‘HF’, ensure this switch is set to STEREO Mode before switching on.
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4.1 Precautions
Only connect the VORTEX amplier to a appropriate AC circuit and outlet, according to the requirements indicated on the rating plate label.
improved noise characteristics. The implementation is comparatively simple: the volume potentiometers pass the relevant control information (quieter or louder depending on the adjustment made to the potentiometers) to the microprocessor. The microprocessor then adjusts the power amp output using various strategies implemented in software. In addition to improved technical parameters, this approach allows a signicant reduction in the number of components and circuits required.
4.0 OPERATION
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NOTE: Even under normal conditions the mains current can reach levels (up to 60 A / 230 V and 120 A / 115 V); this could cause lamps to icker if connected to the same mains as the amp. The impedance of the AC circuit should be less than 0,157 Ohms to avoid icker according to EN61000-3-11. Ask / inform your local power provider. Don’t even think about measureing this with your ohmmeter. This may damage your meter, caution - high voltage hazards!
4.2 Controls
4.2.1 Volume Control
A microprocessor-controlled DCA (Digital Controlled Attenuator) with a control resolution of 12 bits per channel is integrated into the signal path. This means that the signal is not subject to an A/D followed by a D/A conversion with associated losses. Each channel is governed by a linear potentiometer with 41 notched settings. These settings have been selected to correspond to human hearing characteristics (logarithmically) and therefore guarantee an optimal range of settings for practical applications. Each channel can be set individually except when operating in mono mode whereby only ChA is active.
Using an intelligent DCA control (Digital Controlled Attenuator) instead of the “conventional” VCA results in considerably reduced distortion as well as
CAMCO USER MANUAL
VORTEX POWER AMP SERIES
The volume pots are also used to set the CAI-address.
(See 5.2.3, CAI Address Settings)
4.2.2 Gain Selector
A switch on the rear of the VORTEX allows the maximum amplication attainable to be set directly in the input stage.
GAIN
26dB 1.4V
32dB
The VORTEX amplier has a 26 dB and 32 dB voltage gain setting along with a 1.4 V sensitivity setting.
4.2.3 Limiter Switch
This switch is located at the rear of VORTEX. It allows you to set the mode of the limiter. There are three modes:
LIMITER
OFF
LIMITER
OFF
SpP
SpP
SpP Clip
SpP Clip
Right position:
Clip Limiter: ON & Speaker Protect: ON
Middle position:
Clip Limiter: OFF & Speaker Protect: ON
LIMITER
OFF
(See 4.4.1,Clip Limiter and 4.4.3, Speaker Protect Limiter)
4.3 Indicators
4.3.1 On / Failure Indicators
4.0 OPERATION
Under normal operation, after the amp has started, the green power LEDs are permanently lit. A variety of different sequences of ashing LEDs are used to indicate other operating states and errors in one of the channels of the power amp. (See 6.0, Trouble Shooting)
4.3.2 Signal Indicators
The green signal LED is illuminated when the voltage level at the output reaches approx. 4 V; this corresponds to a power of approx. 4 W at an impedance of 4 Ohms.
SpP
SpP Clip
Left position:
Clip Limiter: OFF & Speaker Protect: OFF
4.3.3 Clip / Output Current Indicators
The clip LED’s are bi-coloured: green / red. Each colour indicates a different status.
The green section is subject to analogue control. The brightness is proportional to the output current in the channel. The LED is visibly lit above around 1 Amp, while full brightness corresponds to the maximum rated current. If the LED is lit red only, no load is applied to the outputs or Clip is active with a duty cycle of more than 10 %.
When under load, there is also a certain current that ows when controlling the power level; the green section will be lit appropriately. If the power level is taken to the limit, the green and red sections will appear mixed, resulting in a shade of yellow that depends on the current. If the microprocessor detects a clip signal with a duty cycle of more than 10 % within a time interval of 50 ms, then it suppresses the green section so that the clip LED appears only red. Careful analysis of the various dependencies when comparing channels that are subject to identical control (possibly in several different power amps) will allow conclusions to be drawn about the inherent impedances. This can aid the detection of incorrectly wired components and faults in loudspeakers at an early stage.
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4.0 OPERATION
P.18
4.4 Power Amp Protection Systems
4.4.1 Clip Limiter
If the power amp is overdriven, the clip detection circuit triggers the micro­processor. The processor reduces input signal level by controlling the DAC. The strategy is implemented in software. For sinusoidal signals the microprocessor limits the input signal level with the result that the non-linear distortion factor never exceeds 1 %.
The clip limiter can work on each channel independently (except in mono­operation).
To disable the Clip Limiter, see 4.2.3, Limiter Switch.
4.4.2 Under Impedance Limiter
As a result of incorrectly connected or defective loads, under impedance or even short circuits may be presented to one or both power amp channels. In order to detect an under impedance, the microprocessor calculates the result­ant impedance. If an impedance of less than 1.33 ohms/channel is detected, the microprocessor limits the signal to the power amp until a subsequent measurement indicates that impedance has risen to a safe level. Whenever the under impedance limiter is active, the corresponding channel’s power LED is turned off. (See 6.0, Trouble Shooting)
4.4.3 Speaker Protect Limiter
Whenever the Safe Operation Mode (SOA) protection of the power amp switches back the current rail there could be a small clipping at the output; but the microprocessor is also triggered by this protection and will reduce the signal level immediately to minimise the effect.
User can decide either to use speaker protect or not. When you use this amp for low frequencies (SUB bass / bass) and you want to squeeze the absolute
CAMCO USER MANUAL
VORTEX POWER AMP SERIES
maximum out of it, switch Speaker Protect off. For all other applications (e.g. Full Range) it’s recommended to switch Speaker Protect on.
4.4.4 SOA Protection
Whenever the power transistors leave their Safe Operation Area (SOA), the SOA-protection in stereo mode switches back the current rail of the respective power stage. In mono modes the rails of both channels are switched back.
4.4.5 DC Protection
Each output of the power amp is constantly monitored for persistent DC voltage levels. If the 3 V thresholds are exceeded at any of the outputs, the channel at that output will be automatically disconnected. The microprocessor performs a sophisticated strategy to locate the cause of DC. If short-term DC is detected, the amplier will recover and continue to operate. DC can be located in the Output stage, Driver stage or at the input of the amplier.
Output stage
When DC is located in either output stage, the amp stops the main SMPS and mutes the amp where DC was detected. The On-LEDs will show a different ash sequence. (See 6.0, Trouble Shooting)
Driver stage
When DC is located in the driver stage only the defective channel’s output stage and DCA are muted. The other channel still works. The On-LED of the defective channel will start the ash sequence. (See 6.0, Trouble Shooting)
Amplier Input
When DC is located at the input stage only the DCA of the affected channel is muted. (The other channel continues to operate normally). If the DC signal at the input vanishes the microprocessor will de-mute the affected channel and the amplier will work as usual again.
4.4.6 DC Servo
To Prevent DC-Offset at the Speaker output the VORTEX is tted with two DC-Servos. (Hence there are no capacitors in the signal path!)
4.4.7 Power Amp Over Current Protection
Over current is permanently controlled in the output stage. There are two limiting levels of over current depending on output voltage. These limits will be set automatically. This improves reliability without degrading sound quality when driving complex loads.
4.0 OPERATION
4.4.8 Power Amp Thermal Protection
The microprocessor uses several sensors in the amp in order to ascertain temperature data. If the microprocessor detects a temperature of more than 85 °C at the heat sinks, the input signal on that channel is reduced.
The power LED of the overheated channel will start a blinking-sequence
(See 6.0, Trouble Shooting)
4.5 Mains Protection
4.5.3 Mains Failure Detection
Mains failure detection is always operative. When the mains supply is interrupted for about 2 mains cycles, the amplier will be switched off. When the mains voltage returns to a normal value, a soft start occurs.
4.5.4 Fuse Protection
Depending on the load impedance and type of signal levels, the effective mains current can, even during normal operation, reach a level several times higher than its nominal value for short periods. Repeated peaks of this nature will also cause the average value to increase. In such cases, the internal mains fuse and external 16 A circuit breaker acts as a “bottleneck”, and would trip if the average current remained too high for an extended period. In order to avoid this unsatisfactory operation, the mains fuse is simulated inside the amplier and provides the microprocessor with information. Prior to the point when the circuit breaker would trip, a signal is sent to the microprocessor, which then instantaneously reduces the signal level. After the known recovery time for the fuse has elapsed, the signal is again adjusted to its normal level. This offers reliable operation of a 6 kW VORTEX on 16 A Mains at 230 V and 30 A at 115 V.
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4.5.1 Inrush Current Limitation
Within 2 seconds of the amplier being switched on, the inrush current limiter will increase mains current from nearly zero to nominal value. This value depends on program material, output level and speaker loads.
4.5.2 Mains Over Voltage Detection
Mains over voltage detection is always operative. When the mains voltage exceeds approx. 267 V (230 V operation) or 134 V (110 V operation), the ampli­er will be switched off. When the mains voltage returns to nominal value, a soft start occurs.
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4.6 Main SMPS Protections
4.6.1 Main SMPS Over Current Protection
Main SMPS (Switched Mode Power Supply) Transformer current is continuously monitored. If over current occurs, the main SMPS immediately stops working. Should there be an internal failure, this feature prevents other parts being damaged.
4.7 Fans
The fans mounted in the VORTEX operate permanently, but as long as the temperature remains below 40 °C they run at their slowest speed and can hardly be heard. The highest detected temperature from either channel controls the speed of the fans: above 40 °C the speed is increased until it reaches its maximum value.
4.8 Filter Cleaning
A removable lter system is provided on the air intakes to the cooling system. If the lter becomes clogged, the unit will not cool as efciently as it should and may produce output levels that are lower than normal due to high heat sink temperatures.
To clean, gently slide the whole plastic lter assembly to the left and release from the front panel. Carefully unclip the outer moulding to reveal the lter. Clean the lter
4.0 OPERATION
with a mild dishwashing detergent and warm water. Once dry, insert the lter back into the cradle and cover with the surround moulding. Slide the whole assembly to the right to secure onto the front panel.
Spare lter assembly’s may be ordered from your dealer.
3
VORTEX Filter Assembly
1 Clip Apertures 2 Injection Moulded Cradle 3 Foam Filter 4 Injection Moulded Surround 5 Injection Moulded CAMCO Badge
1
2
4
5
P.20
CAMCO USER MANUAL
VORTEX POWER AMP SERIES
5.1 E.U.I. (Extended User Interface)
The E.U.I. slot contains the Rear XLR Panel and the Input Signal Parallel switch as standard. Other input cards are available (See 5.1.3 Accessories) Always switch off and unplug the VORTEX from mains, when working on the E.U.I.
The switches described below are not readily accessible and cannot be checked visually from the outside. To remove the E.U.I. unscrew the two Phillips
5.0 OPTIONS
head screws at the left and right end of XLR-Panel and carefully slide out the E.U.I. To ret the E.U.I into the VORTEX, carefully insert the PCB in the guide-rail (left/right) and slide it in.
5.1.3 Accessories
Different types of lters are available. For further information contact your dealer or CAMCO
5.1.4 What Are The Possibilities Using The E.U.I.?
The E.U.I. is a very powerful interface, which allows access to most of the system parameters. For example: volume, input signal, mute, output current, clip signal, temperature and more. It makes it possible to utilise lters, remote control, signal processing, and more… Please contact your dealer or CAMCO to customise the E.U.I. according your wishes.
P.21
Don’t forget to replace the screws!
5.1.1 Input Signal Parallel Switch
If you want to hard-wire the XLR input connectors together on the E.U.I., just change from Stereo to Mono using switch S1. Be careful when you do this!
(See section 3.7, Input Signal Chaining)
5.1.2 Filter On / Off Switch
If a lter is present on the E.U.I. this can be activated or bypassed using switch S2.
Switch S2
CAMCO USER MANUAL
VORTEX POWER AMP SERIES
5.2 C.A.I. (Camco Audio Interface)
5.2.1 Camco Audio Interface
C.A.I. is a bus system, in which all signicant device functions can be monitored externally and remotely controlled using a master PC. Up to 99 devices can be controlled in parallel in each phase of the bus system, which simply consists of a two-core insulated cable. The master can serve several phases for larger applications. For more information, please contact your dealer or distributor.
5.2.2 Wiring
To connect the VORTEX to your C.A.I. - system use a fully-wired telephone-type cable with RJ12 connectors. For longer distances use high grade cable like for RS485, DMX512 for AES/EBU digital audio. You can chain several VORTEX ampliers using the second C.A.I. Connector on each amplier. A linear net­work topology is recommend with 100 Ohm termination at its end. Please refer to RS 485 specications.
5.2.3 C.A.I. Address Settings
The C.A.I. address selection procedure will not affect the operation of the VORTEX but whilst this procedure is active, the Volume cannot be adjusted by using the Pots.
NOTE: Ensure you return both pots to their original position after address selection is complete, otherwise the amplier will change its volume level to the new pot positions!
5.2.4 To Activate CAI Address Selection Procedure
Briey press the ENTER -Switch. This push button switch (Enter - Switch) can be accessed through the 3mm hole in the front panel located between the main
5.0 OPTIONS
power switch and the LEDs.
Enter Switch
After briey pressing the Enter-Switch the actual address will be displayed by the power LEDs.
Flashing of Power LED channel A indicates the tens,
Flashing of Power LED channel B indicates the units of the address.
These sequences are repeated for 30 seconds (timeout). Then the Power LEDs return to their normal function.
To change CAI address, turn the appropriate Volume Potentiometer to the required address (Volume Pot Ch A => TENS, Volume Pot Ch B => UNITS).
To adjust the address you can use the scale markings of the potentiometers. You will nd the digits 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 on the 10 scale spacing .
The current selected address will be immediately displayed BUT not automati­cally stored or activated! After each turn of pot you have another 30 seconds to timeout. You can leave this procedure without saving the new address by briey pressing the Enter-Switch or waiting for timeout (as described above). To store and activate the new address you have to press the Enter-Switch for 3 seconds. This new address is stored in an EEPROM, which holds the informa­tion even if the amp is subsequently disconnected from mains. Be sure to set the CAI-Master-PC to this new address. If not, the communication will be interrupted.
5.2.5 CAI Status Indicator
This green LED indicates the presence of communication between PC and the amp.
P.22
For example: different address setting LED sequences:
Address
01 (factory settings)
25
CAMCO USER MANUAL
VORTEX POWER AMP SERIES
Power LED Channel A/ TENS
0* ash
2* ashes then short pause
Power LED Channel B/ TENS
1* ash then short pause
5* ashes then short pause
5.2.6 Overview Or Remote Controls CAI
CAI allows:
To control the output-level of each channel independently
(exception: mono modes, only channel A is affected)
To mute each channel independently
(exception: mono modes, only channel A is affected)
To switch the VORTEX into STANDBY mode (and back again)
To monitor temperature, output-signal, clip, output-current.
6.1 On LED Flashing Sequences
When switching on the amp the Power LEDs ash twice accompanied by a ash of clip LEDs. This is normal for the ‘Start’ sequence of the VORTEX.
When switching off the amp the Power LEDs ash several times followed by a ash of clip LEDs. This is normal for the Shut Down sequence of the VORTEX. (It is the same as the loss of the mains voltage.)
In the following table you will nd the possible LED sequences of the ON-LEDs:
6.0 TROUBLESHOOTING
Operating Status
Normal (no failure)
Power fail
(i.e. switch off)
High Temperature:
signal attenuation
Over Temperature:
main SMPS off
DC:
reason unknown
DC:
input-signal-fault
DC:
fault in driving-stage
DC:
power-stage defect
Power-stage defect without DC
Main SMPS off:
(unless Hi Temp/Power Fail)
LED Sequence (X) = ash, (-) = off
Permanently lit
. . . X-------------------X-------------------X-------------------X . . .
. . . -XXX-XXX-XXX-XXX-XXX-XXX-XXX-XXX-XXX-…
…X---X---X---X---X---X---X---X---X---X---X---X---…
…-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-…
. . . ---X-X-X---X-X-X---X-X-X---X-X-X---X-X-X---…
. . . ---X-X-X-X---X-X-X-X---X-X-X-X---X-X-X-X---…
. . . ---X-X-X-X-X---X-X-X-X-X---X-X-X-X-X---…
. . . ---X-X-X-X-X-X---X-X-X-X-X-X---X-X-X-X-X-X---. . .
. . . ---X-X---X-X---X-X---X-X---X-X---X-X---X-X--- . . .
6.2 Examples of LED Sequences
LED sequence: Ch1 : …XXX-XXX-XXX-XXX-XXX-XXX-XXX-XXX-XXX-… Ch2 : …………..Permanently lit…………… Failure: Ch1: high temperature with signal attenuation Ch2: normal operation
LED sequence: Ch1 : . . X-X-X-X-X---X-X-X-X-X---X-X-X-X-X---. . . . . .
Ch2 : . . X-X---X-X---X-X---X-X---X-X---X-X---X-X---. . . Failure: Ch1: DC, power-stage defect Ch2: main SMPS off
Description of repeated sequences
Short 50 ms ash + 950 ms pause
750 ms ash + 250 ms pause
250 ms ash + 750 ms pause
250 ms ash + 250 ms pause
3 * ashing + 0.5 s pause
4 * ashing + 0.5 s pause
5 * ashing + 0.5 s pause
6 * ashing + 0.5 s pause
2 * ashing + 0.5 s pause
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6.0 TROUBLESHOOTING
P.24
6.3 Problem: No Sound
Indication: On LEDs not lit Clip/Output Current Indicators not lit
Check AC plug.
Conrm that AC outlet works by plugging in another device.
Indication: On LEDs lit Signal LEDs not lit
Make sure the signal source is operating and try another cable.
Check Position of Volume Pots.
Indication: On LEDs lit Signal LEDs responding to signal level
Check the speaker wiring for breaks.
Try another speaker and cable.
Indication: On LED(s) sequence
The amplier is in protective muting. Refer to On LED ­ ashing sequences table to nd out the cause for the mute.
Overheating will cause protective muting.
Check for proper ventilation. If the fan isn’t running the amplier requires
servicing.
6.4 Problem: No Sound or Sound is too Low
Indication: On LED not or sporadically lit Signal LED off
Clip/Output Current indicator lit green or red Under Impedance Limiter is active. The load impedance is abnormally low or shorted.
Unplug each speaker one-by-one. If the On LED indicates normally when
you disconnect a cable, that cable or speaker is shorted.
Take care not to use too many speakers in parallel, which would result in -
CAMCO USER MANUAL
VORTEX POWER AMP SERIES
an impedance that is too low for normal operation!
Indication: On LED(s) Sequence
Please refer to the On LED sequence table to nd out which protection is active.
High temperature will cause an attenuation of output level so that under
normal conditions the amp will never mute!
DC will cause the amp to mute or shut down.
Switch off the VORTEX and unplug the source from the amp’s input to prevent DC entering the amp via the signal source. Then switch on the VORTEX. If the On-indicator shows the same sequence, the amp will need to be serviced by a qualied technician.
All other LED sequences that shut down or mute the VORTEX indicate a serious internal fault. At this point, turn the VORTEX off, remove AC power and have the amplier serviced by a qualied technician.
6.5 Problem: No Channel Separation
Check the mode indicators on the front panel.
Make sure the mode-switch on the rear panel is in the stereo-position.
Make sure other equipment in the signal path such as mixers and preamps are set for stereo, not mono.
On the E.U.I., check the Input Signal Parallel Switch is in the stereo­position.
6.6 Problem: Distorted Sound
Indication: On LED lit Signal LED responding to signal level Clip/Output Current indicator lit only green
A faulty speaker or a loose connection could cause this. Try another
speaker and check the wiring.
The signal source might be clipping. Keep the VORTEX volume pots at
least halfway up so that the source does not have to be overdriven.
Try changing input sensitivity from 1,4 V to 32 dB or 26 dB at the
Gainswitch.
6.7 Problem: Music Sounds Frequency Filtered
If you have installed an optional lter module on E.U.I check the lter
6.0 TROUBLESHOOTING
on/off-switch to be in off-position.
6.8 Problem: Hiss
Unplug the amplier input to conrm that the hiss is coming from the
source or from a device upstream.
Erratic or popping noises indicate an electronic fault in the
offending unit.
To keep the noise oor low, operate the primary signal source at full level,
without clipping.
Avoid boosting the signal further between the source and the
amplier.
6.9 Problem: Squeals and Feedback
Microphone feedback should be controlled with mixer controls. If noise continues to build up with no microphone gain, there is a serious fault in the signal processors or cables. Working in succession from the signal source towards the amplier and check each device in the signal path by reducing its gain or by unplugging it.
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CAMCO USER MANUAL
VORTEX POWER AMP SERIES
1 kHz, THD < 0,1 % , in bridged mono mode
Output Power
1 kHz, THD < 0,1 %, both channels driven
Duration limited by fuse / thermal protection for RL < 8 Ohm
in stereo mode or RL < 16 W in bridged mono mode
Measurement at 2 Ohm without preconditioning (EN 60269-3)
1 kHz, THD < 1 % , both channels driven
VORTEX 2.6
1 x 2600 W / 4 1 x 1500 W / 8
2 x 1300 W / 2
2 x 750 W / 4 2 x 450 W / 8
2 x 1500 W / 1,8
VORTEX 4
1 x 4000 W / 4 1 x 3000 W / 8
2 x 2000 W / 2
2 x 1500 W / 4
2 x 920 W / 8
VORTEX 6
1 x 6000 W / 4 1 x 4200 W / 8
2 x 3000 W / 2 2 x 2100 W / 4 2 x 1200 W / 8
7.0 SPECIFICATION
P.26
Signal to Noise-Ratio
20 Hz - 20 kHz, 8 load, unweighted
A-weighted
Power Consumtion @ 230 V
(both channels driven)
Multiply currents by 2 for 115 V
1)
1/8 of max Output Power with pink noise
to represent typical music signal
2)
max. rated Output Power (see above)
CAMCO USER MANUAL
VORTEX POWER AMP SERIES
Circuitry
Bipolar, Class H 2-step high efciency circuit
Typical
1 A /
Idle
60 W
3 A /
8
320 W
4,3 A /
4
510 W
7,2 A /
1.8 1005 W
>103 dB
>106 dB
1) 2)
Max
9 A / 1250 W
15 A / 2200 W
30 A / 4800 W
Bipolar, Class H 3-step high efciency circuit
>105 dB
>108 dB
Typical
0,8 A /
Idle
50 W
4,4 A /
8
550 W
6,5 A /
4
880 W
10 A /
2
1450 W
Bipolar, Class H 3-step high efciency circuit
>107 dB
>110 dB
1) 2) 1) 2)
Max
Idle
Typical
1 A /
Max
60 W
5,5 A /
16,2 A / 2500 W
28 A / 4300 W
40 A / 6600 W
8
4
2
700 W
8 A /
1100 W
12 A /
1800 W
21 A / 3200 W
35 A / 5800 W
60 A / 9400 W
7.0 SPECIFICATION
Frequency Response
Input Impedance
Voltage Gain
Protection Circuits
Limiter
Fan
Ground-Lift
Indicators
Input Connectors
Output Connectors
Modes of Operation
8 load, 1 kHz and below
Dimensions (WxHxD)
Shipping Dimensions (WxHxD)
Options
THD+N (typical)
20 Hz - 10 kHz, 8 load
3 dB below rated power
SMPTE (typical)
20 Hz - 20 kHz, 8 load
3 dB below rated power
Damping Factor
Net Weight
Shipping Weight
20 Hz - 20 kHz ± 0,15 dB 8 load, 1 dB below rated power 40 k balanced selectable: 26 dB, 32 dB, or 1,4 V input sensitivity inrush-current limitation, protection circuits against power on/off transients, temperature monitoring of transformers and heat-sinks, output DC protection, power transistor control, temperature dependent SOA protection, intelligent mains fuses protection switchable peak-limiter 2 temperature dependent speed-controlled axial fans input ground-lift switch on back panel LED’s for ON, SIGNAL, CLIP, indicating additionally Output Current and faults for example like DC and High Temp 3-pin XLR, male and female per channel, pin 2 = inphase one 4-pole SPEAKON connector for each output channel (bi-amping possible) STEREO, BRIDGE MONO and PARALLEL-MONO Extended User Interface / E.U.I. - modules for any kind of EQ < 0,01 %
< 0,01 %
> 400
483 x 88,9 x 420 mm (19”, 2U) 12,4 kg 600 x 600 x 205 mm (0,074 m3) 15 kg
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VORTEX POWER AMP SERIES
Subject to technical alterations without prior notice
8.0 MEASURMENTS
P.28
+27
+26.5
+26
+25.5
+25
+24.5
+24
dBrdBr
+23.5
+23
+22.5
+22
+21.5
+21
10 100k20 50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k 50k
Hz
Figure 7.1
Gain vs. frequency (Ch1, Ch2)
(Measurements of a typical performance)
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110 20 20k50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k
Hz
Figure 7.2
Channel separation vs. frequency @ 10 W / 4 Ohm (Ch1 => Ch2, Ch2 => Ch1)
(Measurements of a typical performance)
CAMCO USER MANUAL
VORTEX POWER AMP SERIES
+150
+100
+50
+0
-50
-100
-150
10 100k20 50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k 50k
Hz
Figure 7.3
Phase vs. frequency (Ch1, Ch2)
(Measurements of a typical performance)
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
dBr deg
-90
-100
-110
-120 20 20k50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k
Hz
Figure 7.4
Common mode rejection ratio (Ch1, Ch2)
(Measurements of a typical performance)
8.0 MEASURMENTS
P.29
300m
200m
100m
50m
20m
10m
5m
2m
20 20k50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k
Hz
Figure 7.5
Output impedance vs. frequency @ 1 Amp RMS injected current. (Ch1, Ch2)
equivalent 11 mOhm + 2.1uH (Measurements of a typical performance)
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
dB Ohm
-80
-90
-100
-110
-120 100u 6200u 500u 1m 2m 5m 10m 20m 50m 100m200m 500m 1 2
Vrms
Figure 7.6
THD+N @ 1 kHz, 4 Ohm load vs. input voltage (Ch1, Ch2)
(Measurements of a typical performance)
CAMCO USER MANUAL
VORTEX POWER AMP SERIES
1000
800
600
400
Damping factor
200
0
20 20k
50 100 200 500 1k 2k
Hz
Figure 7.7
5k 10k
VORTEX 6 damping factor into 8 Ohm
equation: damping factor= loaded impedance / amplier output impedance
(Measurements of a typical performance)
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
dB
-80
-90
-100
-110
-120 20 10k50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k
Hz
Figure 7.8
THD+N vs. frequency (BW 22 kHz), 3 dB below clip, 4 ohms (Ch1, Ch2)
(Measurements of a typical performance)
8.0 MEASURMENTS
P.30
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
dBdB
-80
-90
-100
-110
-120 100u 6200u 500u 1m 2m 5m 10m 20m 50m 100m200m 500m 1 2
Vrms
Figure 7.9
CCIF difference frequency method (10,5 kHz and 11,5 kHz) vs. inputlevel @
4 Ohms (Ch1, Ch2) (Measurements of a typical performance)
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100 100u 6200u 500u 1m 2m 5m 10m 20m 50m 100m200m 500m 1 2
Vrms
Figure 7.10
SMPTE intermodulation distortion (60 Hz and 7 kHz) @ 4 Ohm vs. input level
(Ch1, Ch2) (Measurements of a typical performance)
CAMCO USER MANUAL
VORTEX POWER AMP SERIES
5000
4000
3000
Watts
2000
1000
0
8.0 MEASURMENTS
4023
3090
2
Impedance (Ohms)
2113
4
2715
1257
8
1458
Distortion limited output power (0,1 % THD)
Peak power
Distortion limited output power
Peak power
3000
2000
Watts
1000
0
Figure 7.11
VORTEX 6 (Measurements of a typical performance)
2707
1549
1991
1084
2113
931
2
Impedance (Ohms)
4
8
Distortion limited output power (0,1 % THD)
Figure 7.13
VORTEX 4 (Measurements of a typical performance)
Peak power
Distortion limited output power
Peak power
P.31
2000
1000
Watts
0
Impedance (Ohms)
CAMCO USER MANUAL
VORTEX POWER AMP SERIES
1760
1305
755
988
528
450
Peak power
2
4
8
Distortion limited output power (0,1 % THD)
Figure 7.12
VORTEX 2.6 (Measurements of a typical performance)
Distortion limited output power
Peak power
8.1 Summary Of Warranty
CAMCO guarantees the VORTEX Amplier to be free from defective material and/or workmanship for a period of three years from the date of sale. Provided that the amplier is returned to your distributor/dealer in a factory pack with a copy of the proof of purchase, i.e., sales receipt, CAMCO will repair faulty products under this warranty when a defect occurs under normal installation and use.
This warranty provides that examination of the returned product must indicate, in our judgment, a manufacturing defect.
8.2 Items Excluded From This Warranty
CAMCO is not liable for any damage caused by shipping accidents, misuse, abuse, operation with incorrect AC voltage, operation with faulty associated equipment, modication, or alteration without prior factory approval, service by an unauthorised service center, and normal wear and tear. Ampliers on which the Serial Number has been removed or defaced are not eligible for warranty service.
8.3 What Camco Will Do
CAMCO (or its appointed agent) will rectify any defect, regardless of the reason for failure (except as excluded), by repair, replacement, or refund, as it sees t.
8.4 How To Obtain Warranty Service
9.0 WARRANTY INFORMATION
You must notify your dealer/distributor of your need for warranty service. All components must be shipped in a factory pack.
8.5 Camco’s Product Improvement
Due to CAMCO’s policy to continuous product improvement, specication is liable to change without notice. Please consult your distributor/dealer or CAMCO direct for clarication if necessary.
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PLEASE ENCLOSE THIS COMPLETED FORM WITH THE AMPLIFIER
DO NOT SEND SEPARATELY
10.0 SERVICE INFORMATION
P.33
9.1 Owner’s Information
Company Name:
Contact:
Address:
Telephone:
Facsimile:
eMail Address:
Model:
Serial Number:
Purchase Date:
9.3 Expired Warranty
If the warranty has expired, payment will be:
9.4 Shipping Address
To transport the amplier, we recommend that you use the original packing materials. Please return the amplier to the following address or your nearest
CAMCO appointed distributor.
CAMCO USER MANUAL
VORTEX POWER AMP SERIES
Cash/Cheque
VISA
MasterCard
CAMCO Produktions-und Vertriebs-GmbH, Fischpicke 5, D-57482 Wenden, Germany
9.2 Nature Of Problem
Please describe the conditions that existed when the problem occured and what attempts were made to correct it:
Other equipment in your system:
Our web site: www.camco.de provides a complete list of dealer/distributors.
Mailing Address:
CAMCO Produktions-und Vertriebs-GmbH Fischpicke 5 D-57482 Wenden Germany
Telephone Numbers:
+49 (0)2762 408-0
Facsimile Numbers:
+49 (0)2762 408-10
Internet:
www.camco.de
Email:
postmaster@camco.de
11.0 COMPANY INFORMATION
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VORTEX POWER AMP SERIES
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