Cal Amp VIPER SC+ 200, VIPER SC+ 900, VIPER SC+ 400 User Manual
VIPER SC+™
INTELLIGENT IP ROUTERS FOR LICENSED SPECTRUM
User Manual
Viper SC+™ Intelligent IP Routers for Licensed Spectrum
PN 001-5008-000 Rev. C
Revised February 2016
REVISION HISTORY
REV
DATE
REVISION DETAILS
0
January 2008
Initial release as 001-5008-000.
1-12
2008-2012
Numerous updates driven by model additions and software changes.
A
December 2013
Added new models, Viper SC™+; all Viper SC™ models become Viper SC+ when upgraded
with new Viper SC+ firmware.
B
February 2015
Added UL warnings. Corrected voltage requirements. Numerous additions and changes
driven by changes/additions to configuration changes.
C
February 2016
Updated Remote Diagnostics page to add PER mode support.
Important Notice
When operating at elevated temperature extremes, the surface may exceed +70 Celsius. For user safety, the
Viper should be installed in a restricted access location.
WARNING — EXPLOSION HAZARD, do not connect while circuit is live unless area is known to be nonhazardous.
Minimum Safety Distance
Antenna Gain
(cm @max power)
5 dBi
10 dBi
15 dBi
132 MHz (VHF)
123 cm
219 cm
389 cm
215 MHz (UHF)
123 cm
219 cm
389 cm
406.1 MHz
106 cm
188 cm
334 cm
900 MHz (Model/PN 140-5098-304)
66 cm
117 cm
208 cm
900 MHz (Model/PN 140-5098-504)
64 cm
115 cm
202 cm
Because of the nature of wireless communication, transmission and reception of data can never be
guaranteed, Data may be delayed, corrupted (i.e., have errors), or be totally lost. Significant delays or losses
of data are rare when wireless devices such as the Viper SC+™ are used in a normal manner with a wellconstructed network. Viper SC+ should not be used in situations where failure to transmit or receive data
could result in damage of any kind to the user or any other party, including but not limited to personal injury
or death, or loss of property. CalAmp accepts no responsibility for damages of any kind resulting from delays
or errors in data transmitted or received using Viper SC+, or for the failure of Viper SC+ to transmit or
receive such data.
Copyright Notice
© 2010-2016 CalAmp. All rights reserved.
Products offered may contain software which is proprietary to CalAmp. The offer or supply of these
products and services does not include or infer any transfer of ownership. No part of this documentation or
information supplied may be divulged to any third party without the express written consent of CalAmp.
CalAmp reserves the right to update its products, software, or documentation without obligation to notify
any individual or entity. Product updates may result in differences between the information provided in this
manual and the product shipped. For access to the most current product documentation and application
notes, visit www.calamp.com.
UL Listed models only
For more information see APPENDIX D — UL Installation Instructions
RF Exposure Compliance Requirements
Viper SC+ radios are intended for use in the Industrial Monitoring and Control and SCADA
markets. Each Viper SC+ unit must be professionally installed and must ensure a minimum
separation distance listed in the table below between the radiating structure and any person.
An antenna mounted on a pole or tower is the typical installation and in rare instances, a 1/2wave whip antenna is used.
Note: It is the responsibility of the user to guarantee compliance with the FCC MPE regulations when
operating this device in a way other than described above. The installer of this equipment must ensure the
antenna is located or pointed such that it does not emit an RF field in excess of Health Canada limits for the
general population.
Viper SC +™ IP Router for Licensed Spectrum PN 001-5008-000 Rev. C | Page i
Viper SC+ uses a low-power radio-frequency transmitter. The concentrated energy from an antenna may
Distance de sécurité minimum
Gain de Antenne
(puissance cm @ max)
5 dBi
10 dBi
15 dBi
132 MHz (VHF)
123 cm
219 cm
389 cm
215 MHz (UHF)
123 cm
219 cm
389 cm
406.1 MHz
106 cm
188 cm
334 cm
900 MHz (Modèle # 140-5098-304)
66 cm
117 cm
208 cm
900 MHz (Modèle # 140-5098-504)
64 cm
115 cm
202 cm
pose a health hazard. People should not be in front of the antenna when the transmitter is operating.
The installer of this equipment must ensure the antenna is located or pointed such that it does not emit an
RF field in excess of Health Canada limits for the general population. Recommended safety guidelines for the
human exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic energy are contained in the Canadian Safety Code 6
(available from Health Canada), the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Bulletin 65, and the Council
of the European Union’s Recommendation of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the general
public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz) (1999/519/EC).
Caution: Before deploying your system, you must read and understand Section 2.5 Selecting Antenna and
Lightning Arrestor combinations.
Exigences de conformité d'exposition aux Radiofréquences
La radio Viper SC+ est destinée à être utilisé dans les marchés contrôles industriels et
SCADA. L'unité Viper SC doit être installée par un professionnel et doit assurer une distance
minimale de séparation entre les sources radiantes et toute personne. Les distances sont
indiquées dans le tableau ci-dessous. L’installation typique est une antenne de type fouet
1/2-longueur d’onde installée sur un poteau ou pylône.
Note: Il est de la responsabilité de l'utilisateur de garantir le respect des règlements MPE de la FCC lorsque
vous utilisez cet appareil d'une façon autre que celle décrite ci-dessus. L’installateur doit s'assurer que
l'antenne est située ou orientée de façon à ne pas émettre un champ RF dépassant les limites de radiations
pour la population générale établies par Santé Canada.
La radio Viper SC+ utilise un émetteur à radiofréquence à faible puissance. L’énergie concentrée d'une
antenne peut poser un risque pour la santé. On ne devrait pas être en face de l'antenne lorsque l'émetteur
est en marche.
Les consignes de sécurité recommandées pour l'exposition humaine à l'énergie électromagnétiques de
radiofréquences sont contenues dans le Code 6 canadien de la sécurité (disponible auprès de Santé Canada),
la Commission Communications Fédéral (FCC) Bulletin 65 et la recommandation du 12 Juillet 1999 sur la
limitation de l'exposition du public aux champs électromagnétiques (de 0 Hz à 300 GHz) (1999/519/CE) du
Conseil de l'Union européenne.
Viper SC +™ IP Router for Licensed Spectrum PN 001-5008-000 Rev. C | Page ii
Class A Digital Device Compliance
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device,
pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against
harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment
generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with
the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this
equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required
to correct the interference at his or her own expense.
Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance (in the
country where used) could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
Viper SC +™ IP Router for Licensed Spectrum PN 001-5008-000 Rev. C | Page iii
TA BLE O F CONTENTS
1 Viper SC + Overview ............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1. General Description ............................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Operational Characteristics .................................................................................................................................... 1
1.3. Physical Description ............................................................................................................................................... 2
1.3.1. Chassis Dimensions ....................................................................................................................................... 2
1.3.2. LED Panel ...................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.3.3. Front Panel.................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.4. Part Numbers and Availability................................................................................................................................ 6
1.4.1. Viper SC+ Radio ............................................................................................................................................. 6
1.4.2. Fan Kits and Cables ....................................................................................................................................... 8
1.5. Components ........................................................................................................................................................... 9
1.5.1. Basic Unit ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
1.5.2. Two- and Three-Piece Kit Additional Items ................................................................................................ 10
2. Network Architecture And System Planning .................................................................................... 11
2.1. Network Architecture .......................................................................................................................................... 11
2.1.1. Point-to-Point Network .............................................................................................................................. 12
2.1.2. Point-to-Multipoint Network ...................................................................................................................... 12
2.1.3. Report by Exception Configuration ............................................................................................................. 13
2.1.4. Extending the Coverage Area with a Relay Point........................................................................................ 13
2.2. IP Forwarding Modes ........................................................................................................................................... 14
2.2.1. Bridge Mode ............................................................................................................................................... 14
2.2.2. Router Mode ............................................................................................................................................... 16
2.2.3. Viper Router Generator (VRG) Program ..................................................................................................... 19
2.2.4. Multispeed Networking .............................................................................................................................. 19
2.3. Understanding RF Path Requirements ................................................................................................................. 20
2.4. Site Selection and Site Survey .............................................................................................................................. 21
2.4.1. Site Selection .............................................................................................................................................. 21
2.4.2. Site Survey .................................................................................................................................................. 21
2.5. Selecting Antenna and Lightning Arrestor combinations .................................................................................... 21
2.5.1. Lightning Arrestor Overview ....................................................................................................................... 21
2.5.2. Antenna Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 22
2.5.3. The Wrong Combination............................................................................................................................. 22
2.5.4. Good Design Practices ................................................................................................................................ 23
2.6. Selecting Antenna and Feedline........................................................................................................................... 24
2.6.1. Antenna Gain .............................................................................................................................................. 24
2.6.2. Types of Antennas ...................................................................................................................................... 24
2.6.3. Feedline ...................................................................................................................................................... 25
2.6.4. RF Exposure Compliance Requirements ..................................................................................................... 25
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2.7. Terrain and Signal Strength .................................................................................................................................. 27
2.8. Radio Interference ............................................................................................................................................... 27
3. Getting Started: Quick Setup and Initial Configuration ................................................................... 28
3.1. Install the Antenna ............................................................................................................................................... 28
3.2. Measure Primary Power ...................................................................................................................................... 28
3.3. Connect the Viper SC+ to Programming PC ......................................................................................................... 29
3.4. LAN Configuration ................................................................................................................................................ 29
3.5. Log In .................................................................................................................................................................... 29
3.6. Introduction to the Viper SC+ Web Interface ...................................................................................................... 30
3.7. Initial Configuration Using the Setup Wizard ....................................................................................................... 31
3.7.1. Setup Wizard Step 1: Station Name and Mode Settings ............................................................................ 32
3.7.2. Setup Wizard Step 2: Network IP Settings .................................................................................................. 33
3.7.3. Setup Wizard Step 3: Radio Setup .............................................................................................................. 34
3.7.4. Setup Wizard Step 4: Encryption ................................................................................................................ 35
3.7.5. Setup Wizard Step 5: Completion and Reset .............................................................................................. 35
4. Viper SC+ Web Interface .................................................................................................................... 36
4.1. Home .................................................................................................................................................................... 37
4.1.1. Unit Status .................................................................................................................................................. 37
4.1.2. RF Status ..................................................................................................................................................... 39
4.1.3. Basic Settings .............................................................................................................................................. 40
4.2. Radio Settings....................................................................................................................................................... 41
4.2.1. RF Settings .................................................................................................................................................. 41
4.2.2. CWID ........................................................................................................................................................... 44
4.2.3. RF Tests ....................................................................................................................................................... 46
4.3. RF Network Settings ............................................................................................................................................. 48
4.3.1. RF Network ................................................................................................................................................. 48
4.3.2. RF Bandwidth Management ....................................................................................................................... 50
4.3.3. Neighbor Table ........................................................................................................................................... 54
4.3.4. Global Settings ............................................................................................................................................ 60
4.3.5. VLAN ........................................................................................................................................................... 61
4.3.6. QoS.............................................................................................................................................................. 65
4.3.7. QoS Statistics .............................................................................................................................................. 69
4.4. LAN Settings ......................................................................................................................................................... 70
4.4.1. LAN Settings ................................................................................................................................................ 70
4.4.2. DHCP ........................................................................................................................................................... 72
4.4.3. SNTP ............................................................................................................................................................ 73
4.4.4. Broadcast Multicast .................................................................................................................................... 75
4.4.5. VLAN ........................................................................................................................................................... 76
4.4.6. Ethernet (PHY) ............................................................................................................................................ 83
4.5. Router .................................................................................................................................................................. 83
4.5.1. Routing Table .............................................................................................................................................. 84
4.5.2. NAT ............................................................................................................................................................. 86
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4.5.3. VTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 87
4.6. Serial..................................................................................................................................................................... 90
4.6.1. COM Port and Setup Port ........................................................................................................................... 90
4.6.2. VLAN ........................................................................................................................................................... 97
4.6.3. Advanced .................................................................................................................................................. 100
4.7. Security .............................................................................................................................................................. 101
4.7.1. Password ................................................................................................................................................... 101
4.7.2. AES Encryption .......................................................................................................................................... 102
4.7.3. RADIUS ...................................................................................................................................................... 103
4.7.4. VPN ........................................................................................................................................................... 105
4.8. Diagnostics ......................................................................................................................................................... 113
4.8.1. Interface Statistics .................................................................................................................................... 113
4.8.2. Remote Statistics ...................................................................................................................................... 115
4.8.3. SNMP ........................................................................................................................................................ 117
4.8.4. Online Diagnostics .................................................................................................................................... 119
4.8.5. Radio Log .................................................................................................................................................. 123
4.9. Device Maintenance .......................................................................................................................................... 124
4.9.1. Config Control ........................................................................................................................................... 124
4.9.2. Package Control ........................................................................................................................................ 126
4.9.3. Wing Commander ..................................................................................................................................... 126
5. Network Optimization ...................................................................................................................... 130
5.1. Maximizing TCP/IP Throughput ......................................................................................................................... 130
5.2. Maximizing Throughput with a Weak RF Link .................................................................................................... 130
5.2.1. Use Router Mode with RF Acknowledgements Enabled .......................................................................... 130
5.2.2. Reduce RF Network Bit Rate ..................................................................................................................... 130
5.2.3. Use Data Retries ....................................................................................................................................... 131
5.2.4. Use Collision Avoidance ............................................................................................................................ 131
6. Using CalAmp-Provided and Cloned Viper Configurations ............................................................ 132
6.1. Using CalAmp Pre-Provided (“Canned”) Configurations .................................................................................... 132
6.2. Cloning a Viper ................................................................................................................................................... 133
7. Upgrading Firmware ......................................................................................................................... 134
7.1. Firmware Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 134
7.2. How The Viper Firmware is Upgraded ............................................................................................................... 134
7.2.1. Upgrade the Modem Firmware ................................................................................................................ 134
7.2.2. Upgrade the Radio Firmware .................................................................................................................... 135
APPENDIX A – Abbreviations and Definitions ................................................................................. 136
APPENDIX B – Viper SC+™ Specifications ........................................................................................... 139
General Specifications................................................................................................................................................... 139
Viper SC +™ IP Router for Licensed Spectrum PN 001-5008-000 Rev. C | Page vi
Viper SC+™ Overall Dimensions and Mounting Hole Locations .................................................................................... 144
APPENDIX C – Viper SC+™ Regulatory Certifications ........................................................................ 145
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY FOR MODELS # 140-5018-60x, 140-5048-40x, and 140-5048-60x ..................... 146
EU and EFTA Member States’ Acceptable Frequency Table ................................................................................... 147
APPENDIX D – UL Installation Instructions...................................................................................... 153
APPENDIX E – Viper SC+™ Site Installation and Setup General Guidelines ..................................... 154
Physical Installation....................................................................................................................................................... 154
Viper Configuration (Radio and Controller Board for Base Station) ............................................................................. 156
RF Connectivity and Protocol Testing ........................................................................................................................... 156
APPENDIX F – Viper SC+™ Power-Save Mode ................................................................................... 157
Power Save Mode FAQs ................................................................................................................................................ 159
APPENDIX G – NAT Overview ........................................................................................................... 160
NAT on Viper ................................................................................................................................................................. 161
Ethernet Interface Private ........................................................................................................................................ 161
RF Interface Private .................................................................................................................................................. 163
User NAT Entries ....................................................................................................................................................... 166
NAT Port Forwarding ................................................................................................................................................ 167
APPENDIX H – MIB File Overview .................................................................................................... 169
APPENDIX I – VLAN Introduction ....................................................................................................... 172
VLAN Tagging and Untagging ........................................................................................................................................ 172
VLAN Tagging ............................................................................................................................................................ 172
VLAN Untagging ........................................................................................................................................................ 173
Interface Modes ............................................................................................................................................................ 173
Untagged Mode ........................................................................................................................................................ 173
Tagged Mode ............................................................................................................................................................ 174
VLAN Member Table ..................................................................................................................................................... 175
Examples ....................................................................................................................................................................... 175
Bridge Mode (VLAN Disabled) .................................................................................................................................. 176
Bridge Mode (VLAN Enabled) ................................................................................................................................... 178
APPENDIX J – Viper PLC Setup ........................................................................................................... 180
PLC and Ladder Logic Setup .......................................................................................................................................... 180
Polling Remote PLCs Without Unsolicited Messages .................................................................................................... 180
Polling Remote PLCs with Unsolicited Messages and Remote-to-Remote PLC Messages ........................................... 180
Polling Remote PLCs Non sequentially.......................................................................................................................... 181
Viper SC +™ IP Router for Licensed Spectrum PN 001-5008-000 Rev. C | Page vii
Messaging with TCP and TCP Connection Timeout ...................................................................................................... 181
Opening a new connection while previous TCP Connection Is Still In Progress ........................................................... 181
Closing Old TCP Connection .......................................................................................................................................... 182
Sending Fragmented Messages .................................................................................................................................... 182
Heartbeat Messages ..................................................................................................................................................... 182
Avoid Unnecessary Traffic Over The Air Network......................................................................................................... 183
Monitoring Remote PLCs with Monitoring Application Tools ................................................................................ 183
Remote Alive Check ................................................................................................................................................. 183
Messaging with TCP – Opening and Closing TCP Connection for Each Poll .................................................................. 183
Safe Ladder Logic – Suggestion ..................................................................................................................................... 183
PLC Ladder Logic On Restart Opens All Connections At Once Instead Of Sequentially ................................................ 184
Viper General Setup With PLCs ..................................................................................................................................... 184
Set Up Viper In Router Mode Instead of Bridge Mode ................................................................................................. 184
Filtering TCP Keep-Alive With Viper TCP Proxy Mode .................................................................................................. 184
Replacing Or Resetting A Viper Using Proxy Mode Without Restarting Polling ........................................................... 184
Allen-Bradley PLC for Viper System .............................................................................................................................. 184
Allen-Bradley Micrologix 1100 or 1400 (may also apply to SLC 5) ................................................................................ 185
PLC Ladder Logic On Restart Opens All Connections At Once Instead Of Sequentially ......................................... 185
PLC Sends Too Many “CIP Forward Open” and “CIP Forward Close” Messages .................................................... 185
More about Message Reply Timeout ...................................................................................................................... 186
PLC Sends Many TCP/IP Keep-Alive Messages........................................................................................................ 186
PLC Reopens TCP/IP Connection With the Same Source Port ................................................................................ 187
PLC Detecting Communication Failure While Viper TCP/IP Filters Keep-Alives..................................................... 187
Allen-Bradley MicroLogix firmware overview at the time of writing this document ............................................ 187
Allen-Bradley ControlLogix and CompactLogics PLC for Viper System ......................................................................... 188
Allen Bradley CompactLogix and ControlLogix PLCs ..................................................................................................... 188
PLC Ladder Logic On Restart Opens All Connections At Once Instead Of Sequentially ......................................... 188
Allen-Bradley CompactLogix and ControlLogix Series PLCs Ethernet IP Connection Timeout (Setting Timeout Too
Short Can Cause Problems!) .................................................................................................................................... 188
Overriding the Default Inactivity Timeout —Not Recommended Unless Required .............................................. 189
Summary On TCP Connection Timeout (Inactivity Setting) .................................................................................... 190
Allen-Bradley CompactLogix or ControlLogix Series PLCs Sends Too Many CIP Forward Open and CIP Forward Close
........................................................................................................................................................................... 190
Connected or Unconnected operation description for CIP ..................................................................................... 190
When Communication Is Between ControlLogix or CompactLogix And Other –Logix Series PLCs ....................... 191
When Communication Is Between ControlLogix or CompactLogix and other –Logix Series PLCs. ....................... 192
Summary of Connected or Unconnected Operation............................................................................................... 193
Allen-Bradley CompactLogix or ControlLogix series PLCs Send Many TCP/IP Keep-Alive Messages ............................ 193
APPENDIX K – Service And Support And Warranty Statement......................................................... 194
Warranty Statement ..................................................................................................................................................... 195
Viper SC +™ IP Router for Licensed Spectrum PN 001-5008-000 Rev. C | Page viii
1 VIPER SC + OVERVIEW
The Viper SC+ provides any IP-enabled device with connectivity to transmit data. This DSP-based radio was designed for
industrial applications utilizing 136-174 MHz, 215-240 MHz, 406.1125-511.975 MHz, 880-902 MHz, and 928-960 MHz
frequencies. Operational as a wideband IP modem or router, Viper SC + is optimized for use in SmartGrid distribution
automation, and SCADA applications. SCADA applications are defined as those with one or more centralized control
sites used to monitor and control remote field devices over wide areas. For example, a regional utility may monitor and
control networks over an entire metropolitan area. Industry sectors with SCADA systems include energy utilities, water
and wastewater utilities, and environmental groups.
1.1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Designed to replace wire lines, the Ethernet and RS-232 serial ports allow direct connection to Programmable Logic
Controllers (PLCs) or Remote Terminal Units (RTUs). Viper (Viper SC and Viper SC+) supports serial and Ethernet/IP
RTUs and PLCs. It is Standard IEEE 802.3-compliant. Viper supports any protocol running over IPv4 (including ICMP,
IPinIP, IPsec, RSVP, TCP, and UDP protocols). It provides MAC layer bridging and HTTP, ARP, and static routing packet
forwarding.
1.2. OPERATIONAL CHARACTE RISTICS
Viper has the following operational characteristics:
Frequency range of 136-174 MHz, 215-240 MHz, 406.1125-470 MHz, 450-511.975 MHz, 880-902 or 928-960 MHz
142-174 MHz, 406.1125-470 MHz, and 450-511.975 MHz frequency ranges certified for European Union (ETSI
EN300 113)
142-174 MHz, 406.1125-470 MHz, and 450-511.975 MHz frequency ranges certified for Australia/New Zealand
(ACMA AS/NZS 4925-2004 Spectrum Impact Assessment)
User-selectable data rates – up to 256 kbps @ 100 kHz
Wide input power range of 10 to 30 V DC
Built-in transceiver adjustable from 1 to 10 W (8 W max for 900MHz)
Used as an access point or an end point with each configurable in the following:
(a) Bridge mode for quick setup of units on same network or
(b) Router mode for advanced networks
Embedded web server to access status and/or setup information
Remote access for over-the-air system firmware upgrades
Advanced AES 128-bit data encryption and security designed to meet FIPS 140-2 requirements
Superior data compression (zlib compression algorithm applies to Serial and IP connections)
Native UDP and TCP/IP support
Online and Offline Diagnostics
Supports up to 32 different frequency channel pairs
Rugged die-cast aluminum and steel case
UL Certified when powered by a listed Class 2 source
Viper SC+™ IP Router for Licensed Spectrum PN 001-5008-000 Rev. C | Page 1
1.3. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
Viper consists of two logic PCBs, one that includes the modem circuitry and the other the radio module. Both are
installed in a cast aluminum case. The unit is not hermetically sealed and should be mounted in a suitable enclosure
when dust, moisture, and/or a corrosive atmosphere are anticipated.
1.3.1. CHASSIS DIMENSIONS
The following figure shows the dimensions of the Viper chassis and attached mounting plate.
Figure 1 – Viper SC+ Chassis and Mounting Plate O verall Dimensions and Mounting Hole Locations
The equipment is intended for installation only in a RESTRICTED ACCESS LOCATION per EN60950-1:2006.
1.3.2. LED PANEL
There are five (5) Tri-Color LEDs in the LED panel of the Viper as shown in the following figure. Their functionality is
described in the following table.
Figure 2 – Viper LED panel
Viper SC+™ IP Router for Licensed Spectrum PN 001-5008-000 Rev. C | Page 2
Table 1 – LED Functionality
LED
Color
Definition
POWER
Green (Solid)
Green (Blinking)
Red
Viper SC+ ready, normal operations
Upgrade in progress
Viper SC+ hardware fault
STATUS
Green
Blinking Green
Red
Amber (Solid or Blinking)
Viper SC+ no faults, normal operations
Viper SC+ scanning for neighbors
Viper SC+ has a fault condition; check unit status
Viper SC+ detects high background noise
ACT
Blinking Green
Off
Ethernet activity detected on PHY link (RJ45 / LAN)
No Ethernet activity on PHY link (RJ45 / LAN)
LNK
Amber
Green
Off
Ethernet connection Established, 100 Mbps (RJ45 / LAN)
Ethernet connection Established, 10 Mbps (RJ45 / LAN)
No Ethernet connection (RJ45 / LAN)
Rx/Tx
Green
Red
Receiving data
Transmitting data
Item
Description
Quantity
1
50 Ohm TNC Female Antenna connector
1
2
50 Ohm SMA Female Receive Antenna connector — Dual-Port models only.
1
3
Right-angle Power Connector (10-30 V DC)
1
4
DE-9F RS-232 ports: one (1) labeled Setup; one (1) labeled COM
2
5
10 Base T Auto-MDIX RJ-45 Ethernet LAN connection — VHF/UHF models, or
1
10/100 Base T/Tx Auto-MDIX RJ-45 Ethernet LAN connection — 220/900 MHz models.
1
1.3.3. FRONT PANEL
The front panel, shown in the following figure, has connections described in the following table.
Figure 3 – Front Panel (Dual Port Viper SC+ 200 Shown)
Table 2 – Front Panel Connections
Viper SC+™ IP Router for Licensed Spectrum PN 001-5008-000 Rev. C | Page 3
1.3.3.1. Ethernet LAN Port
The Ethernet LAN port is an RJ-45 receptacle with a 10 Base T (or 100 Base T/Tx for 220 MHz and 290
MHz models) Ethernet connection and Auto-MDIX. Refer to the following table for pin-out descriptions
and Section 4.4.6 to configure the LAN settings for this port.
Contact
10BaseT Signal
1
TXP
(1)
2
TXN
(1)
3
RXP
(1)
4
SPARE
5
SPARE
6
RXN
(1)
7
SPARE
8
SPARE
SHELL
Shield
(1)
The name shows the default function. Given the Auto-MDIX capability
of the Ethernet transceiver, Tx and Rx functions could be swapped.
The SETUP and COM serial connections are DE-9F RS-232 ports. Refer to the
following table for pin-out descriptions and Section 4.3.4 for control line
configurations of DCD, DTR, RTS, and CTS control lines.
SETUP / COM port
Pin-Out
Contact Numbering
Contact
Signal Name
Signal Direction
1
Data Carrier Detect (DCD)
(1)
DTE ← DCE
2
Receive Data (RxD)
DTE ← DCE
3
Transmit Data (TxD)
DTE → DCE
4
Data Terminal Ready (DTR)
DTE → DCE
5
Signal Ground (GND)
DTE ― DCE
6
Data Set Ready (DSR)
(2)
DTE ← DCE
7
Ready To Send (RTS)
(1)
DTE → DCE
Table 3 – Pin-out for IEEE-802.3 RJ-45 Receptacle Contacts
1.3.3.2. SETUP and COM Port s
Serial port considerations:
Viper SETUP and COM ports are Data Communication Equipment (DCE) devices.
In general, equipment connected to the Viper serial ports is Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and a straight-through
Note: If a DCE device is connected to the Viper serial ports, a null-modem cable or adapter is required.
Table 4 – Pin-Out for DCE SETUP and COM Port, 9 Contact DE -9 Connector
cable is recommended.
Viper SC+™ IP Router for Licensed Spectrum PN 001-5008-000 Rev. C | Page 4
SETUP / COM port
Contact
Signal Name
Signal Direction
8
Clear To Send (CTS)
(1)
DTE ← DCE
9
Ring Indicator (RI)
(3)
DTE ― DCE
(1)
Programmable
(2)
Always asserted
(3)
Future use
Viper is supplied with a right-angle power connector (10-30 V DC). The following table shows the
pin-out of the power connector.
Power Connector
Pin-Out
Contact
number
(Left to Right)
Color
Description
4
Fan Power Output (5V)
3
Black
Ground
2
Red
Positive (10-30) VDC
1
White
Enable to Power Management — See
Note
Power – Viper is awake.
No Power – Viper is asleep.
WARNING – EXPLOSION HAZARD - Do not disconnect unless power has been removed or the area is
known to be non-hazardous.
Standard Viper SC+ models have a 50 ohm TNC female antenna connector. This connection functions for
both transmit and receive.
Dual port models feature a 50 ohm TNC female antenna connector functioning for transmit (only) and a 50
ohm SMA female antenna connector functioning for receive (only). The separate receive antenna connector is
ideal for applications that require additional receive filtering, external PA(s) and other options.
1.3.3.3. Power Connector
Table 5 – Pin-Out of the Power Connector
See Appendix B for detailed voltage and current requirements.
Note: The white Enable line must be tied to the red positive lead of the connector for the Viper to power up and
function.
1.3.3.4. Antenna Connector
Warning: See Selecting Antenna and Lightning Arrestor combinations for information about types of lightning
arrestors to not use and good design practices to use when selecting a lightning arrestor for use with an antenna.
Warning: The transmit antenna port must not be connected directly to the receive antenna port of the Dual Port
Viper SC+. Excessive power into the receive antenna port will damage the radio. Input power to the receiver should
not exceed 17 dBm (50 mW).
Viper SC+™ IP Router for Licensed Spectrum PN 001-5008-000 Rev. C | Page 5
To reduce potential interference, the antenna type and its gain should be chosen to ensure the effective isotropic
WARNING – EXPLOSION HAZARD - Do not disconnect unless power has been removed or the area is
known to be non-hazardous.
WARNING – EXPLOSION HAZARD – Substitution of components may impair suitability for Class I,
Division 2. The unit must be powered with a Listed Class 2 or LPS power supply or equivalent.
Model Number
Frequency Range
Description
140-5018-502
136 - 174 MHz
Viper SC+ 136-174 MHz 6.25-50 kHz BW
140-5018-503
136 - 174 MHz
Viper SC+ 136-174 MHz 6.25-50 kHz BW 2RFP
140-5118-502
136 - 174 MHz
Viper SC+ Std. BS 136-174 MHz 6.25-50 kHz BW
140-5318-502
136 - 174 MHz
Viper SC+ Rdnt. BS 136-174 MHz 6.25-50 kHz BW
140-5318-503
136 - 174 MHz
Viper SC+ Rdnt. BS 136-174 MHz 6.25-50 kHz BW 2RFP
250-5018-500
136 - 174 MHz
Viper SC+ 136-174 MHz Developer’s Kit (2 Vipers)
250-5018-510
136 - 174 MHz
Viper SC+ 136-174 MHz Developer’s Kit (3 Vipers)
Model Number
Frequency Range
Description
140-5028-504
215 - 240 MHz
Viper SC+ 215-240 MHz 6.25-100 kHz BW
140-5028-505
215 - 240 MHz
Viper SC+ 215-240 MHz 6.25-100 kHz BW 2RFP
140-5128-504
215 - 240 MHz
Viper SC+ Std. BS 215-240 MHz 6.25-100 kHz BW
140-5328-504
215 - 240 MHz
Viper SC+ Rdnt. BS 215-240 MHz 6.25-100 kHz BW
140-5328-505
215 - 240 MHz
Viper SC+ Rdnt. BS 215-240 MHz 6.25-100 kHz BW 2RFP
250-5028-502
215 - 240 MHz
Viper SC+ 215-240 MHz Developer’s Kit (2 Vipers)
250-5028-512
215 - 240 MHz
Viper SC+ 215-240 MHz Developer’s Kit (3 Vipers)
radiated power (EIRP) is not more than required for successful communication.
1.4. PART NUM BERS AND AVA ILABILITY
Viper SC+™ is available in various models. Each is available with a range of features, kits, and accessories. Refer to the
following table for product availability and part numbers for ordering. Refer to tables that follow for Viper SC+
accessories and for antenna options and kits.
1.4.1. VIPER SC+ RADIO
The following tables list Viper SC+ radios and kit part numbers.
Table 6 – Viper SC+ Radio and Kit Part Numbers
Viper SC+ 100 Series, 136 - 174 MHz
Viper SC+ 200 Series, 215 - 240 MHz
Key to abbreviations: BW = bandwidth, BS = Base Station, Std. = standard, Rdnt. = redundant, 2RFP = Dual RF Port.
Viper SC+™ IP Router for Licensed Spectrum PN 001-5008-000 Rev. C | Page 6
Viper SC+ 400 Series, Range 3
Model Number
Frequency Range
Description
140-5048-302
406.1 - 470 MHz
Viper SC+ 406.1-470 MHz 6.25-50 kHz BW
140-5048-303
406.1 - 470 MHz
Viper SC+ 406.1-470 MHz 6.25-50 kHz BW 2RFP
140-5148-302
406.1 - 470 MHz
Viper SC+ Std. BS 406.1-470 MHz 6.25-50 kHz BW
140-5348-302
406.1 - 470 MHz
Viper SC+ Rdnt. BS 406.1-470 MHz 6.25-50 kHz BW
140-5348-303
406.1 - 470 MHz
Viper SC+ Rdnt. BS 406.1-470 MHz 6.25-50 kHz BW 2RFP
250-5048-300
406.1 - 470 MHz
Viper SC+ 406.1-470 MHz Developer’s Kit (2 Vipers)
250-5048-310
406.1 - 470 MHz
Viper SC+ 406.1-470 MHz Developer’s Kit (3 Vipers)
Model Number
Frequency Range
Description
140-5048-502
450 - 512 MHz
Viper SC+ 450-512 MHz 6.25-50 kHz BW
140-5048-503
450 - 512 MHz
Viper SC+ 450-512 MHz 6.25-50 kHz BW 2RFP
140-5148-502
450 - 512 MHz
Viper SC+ Std. BS 450-512 MHz 6.25-50 kHz BW
140-5348-502
450 - 512 MHz
Viper SC+ Rdnt. BS 450-512 MHz 6.25-50 kHz BW
140-5348-505
450 - 512 MHz
Viper SC+ Rdnt. BS 450-512 MHz 6.25-50 kHz BW 2RFP
250-5048-500
450 - 512 MHz
Viper SC+ 450-512 MHz Developer’s Kit (2 Vipers)
250-5048-510
450 - 512 MHz
Viper SC+ 450-512 MHz Developer’s Kit (3 Vipers)
Model Number
Frequency Range
Description
140-5098-304
880 - 902 MHz
Viper SC+ 880-902 MHz 6.25-100 kHz BW
140-5098-305
880 - 902 MHz
Viper SC+ 880-902 MHz 6.25-100 kHz BW 2RFP
140-5198-304
880 - 902 MHz
Viper SC+ Std. BS 880-902 MHz 6.25-100 kHz BW
140-5398-304
880 - 902 MHz
Viper SC+ Rdnt. BS 880-902 MHz 6.25-5100 kHz BW
140-5398-305
880 - 902 MHz
Viper SC+ Rdnt. BS 880-902 MHz 6.25-100 kHz BW 2RFP
250-5098-300
880 - 902 MHz
Viper SC+ 880-902 MHz Developer’s Kit (2 Vipers)
250-5098-310
880 - 902 MHz
Viper SC+ 880-902 MHz Developer’s Kit (3 Vipers)
Model Number
Frequency Range
Description
140-5098-504
928 - 960 MHz
Viper SC+ 928-960 MHz 6.25-100 kHz BW
140-5098-505
928 - 960 MHz
Viper SC+ 928-960 MHz 6.25-100 kHz BW 2RFP
140-5198-504
928 - 960 MHz
Viper SC+ Std. BS 928-960 MHz 6.25-100 kHz BW
140-5398-504
928 - 960 MHz
Viper SC+ Rdnt. BS 928-960 MHz 6.25-100 kHz BW
140-5398-505
928 - 960 MHz
Viper SC+ Rdnt. BS 928-960 MHz 6.25-100 kHz BW 2RFP
250-5098-500
928 - 960 MHz
Viper SC+ 928-960 MHz Developer’s Kit (2 Vipers)
250-5098-510
928 - 960 MHz
Viper SC+ 928-960 MHz Developer’s Kit (3 Vipers)
Viper SC+ 400 Series, Range 5
Viper SC+ 900 Series, Range 3
Viper SC+ 900 Series, Range 5
Key to abbreviations: BW = bandwidth, BS = Base Station, Std. = standard, Rdnt. = redundant, 2RFP = Dual RF Port.
Viper SC+™ IP Router for Licensed Spectrum PN 001-5008-000 Rev. C | Page 7
EN 300 113 ETSI Compliant and AS/NZ Compliant Models
Model Number
Frequency Range
Description
140-5018-600
142 - 174 MHz
Viper SC+ 142-174 MHz 12.5-25 kHz BW ETSI AS/NZ
140-5018-601
142 - 174 MHz
Viper SC+ 142-174 MHz 12.5-25 kHz BW ETSI AS/NZ 2RFP
140-5118-600
142 - 174 MHz
Viper SC+ Std. BS 136-174 MHz 12.5-25 kHz BW ETSI AS/NZ
140-5118-601
142 - 174 MHz
Viper SC+ Std. BS 136-174 MHz 12.5-25 kHz BW ETSI AS/NZ 2RFP
140-5318-600
142 - 174 MHz
Viper SC+ Rdnt. BS 142-174 MHz 12.5-25 kHz BW ETSI AS/NZ
140-5318-601
142 - 174 MHz
Viper SC+ Rdnt. BS 142-174 MHz 12.5-25 kHz BW ETSI AS/NZ 2RFP
Model Number
Frequency Range
Description
140-5048-400
406.1 - 470 MHz
Viper SC+ 406.1-470 MHz 12.5-25 kHz BW ETSI AS/NZ
140-5048-401
406.1 - 470 MHz
Viper SC+ 406.1-470 MHz 12.5-25 kHz BW ETSI AS/NZ 2RFP
140-5148-400
406.1 - 470 MHz
Viper SC+ Std. BS 406.1-470 MHz 12.5-25 kHz BW ETSI AS/NZ
140-5148-401
406.1 - 470 MHz
Viper SC+ Std. BS 406.1-470 MHz 12.5-25 kHz BW ETSI AS/NZ 2RFP
140-5348-400
406.1 - 470 MHz
Viper SC+ Rdnt. BS 406.1-470 MHz 12.5-25 kHz BW ETSI AS/NZ
140-5348-401
406.1 - 470 MHz
Viper SC+ Rdnt. BS 406.1-470 MHz 12.5-25 kHz BW ETSI AS/NZ 2RFP
Model Number
Frequency Range
Description
140-5048-600
450 - 512 MHz
Viper SC+ 450-512 MHz 12.5-25 kHz BW ETSI AS/NZ
140-5048-601
450 - 512 MHz
Viper SC+ 450-512 MHz 12.5-25 kHz BW ETSI AS/NZ 2RFP
140-5148-600
450 - 512 MHz
Viper SC+ Std. BS 450-512 MHz 12.5-25 kHz BW ETSI AS/NZ
140-5148-601
450 - 512 MHz
Viper SC+ Std. BS 450-512 MHz 12.5-25 kHz BW ETSI AS/NZ 2RFP
140-5348-600
450 - 512 MHz
Viper SC+ Rdnt. BS 450-512 MHz 12.5-25 kHz BW ETSI AS/NZ
140-5348-601
450 - 512 MHz
Viper SC+ Rdnt. BS 450-512 MHz 12.5-25 kHz BW ETSI AS/NZ 2RFP
Description
Part Number
Fan Kit, Viper SC+, Factory Installed
150-5008-001
Fan Kit, Viper SC+, Field Installed
150-5008-002
Table 7 – Viper SC+ EN 300 113 ETSI Compliant and AS/NZ Compliant Radio and Kit Part Numbers
Viper SC+ 100 Series, 142 – 174 MHz
Viper SC+ 400 Series, Range 3
Viper SC+ 400 Series, Range 5
Key to abbreviations: BW = bandwidth, BS = Base Station, Std. = Standard, Rdnt. = Redundant, 2RFP = Dual RF Port.
1.4.2. FAN KITS AND CABLES
The following tables list standard fan kits and cables available for use with the Viper SC+™.
Table 8 – Viper SC+ Fan Kits
Viper SC+™ IP Router for Licensed Spectrum PN 001-5008-000 Rev. C | Page 8
Table 9 – Viper SC+™ Power Cable
Description
Part Number
Power Cable, Viper SC+
897-5008-010
Length
Connectors
Type
Part Number
18 inches
TNC-Male to N-Male
RG-400
140-5018-502
48 inches
TNC-Male to N-Male
RG-400
140-5018-503
72 inches
TNC-Male to N-Male
RG-400
250-5018-502
18 inches
TNC-Male to N-Female
RG-400
140-5118-502
Description
Item
Viper SC+ IP Router
60 in. Cat 5 Ethernet Cable
Power Cable
Table 10 – Coaxial Adapter Cables
1.5. COMPO NENTS
1.5.1. BASIC UNIT
The following items are included with the Viper SC+ basic unit.
Viper SC+™ IP Router for Licensed Spectrum PN 001-5008-000 Rev. C | Page 9
1.5.2. TWO- AND THREE-PIEC E KIT ADDITIONAL ITEMS
Description
Item
SMA Male to BNC Female
Connector
SMA Female to BNC Male
Connector
TNC Male to BNC Female
Connector
Mini Circuits 5 W 20 dB
Attenuator
Flex Rubber Duck Antenna
(VHF, UHF, or 900 MHz)
120 VAC to 13.8 VDC
4 A Power Supply
The following items are included with two- and three-piece Viper SC+™ Developer Kits.
Viper SC+™ IP Router for Licensed Spectrum PN 001-5008-000 Rev. C | Page 10
2. NETWORK ARCHITECTURE AND SYS TE M PLA NNING
This section discusses network architecture, basic network types, interfacing modems and DTE, data protocols for
efficient channel operation, as well as providing tips for selecting an appropriate site, antenna selection, and reducing
the chance of harmful interference.
2.1. NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
In a radio system, only one radio should transmit at a time. If two radios transmit at the same time to another radio, RF
collisions occur. Collisions will slow data traffic and may corrupt data. Most SCADA networks have a device that is
configured to be the ‘polling master’. It is the responsibility of this polling master to control RF traffic so RF collisions do
not occur.
Viper has RF collision avoidance technology (checks the air wave for a carrier before transmitting) and Ethernet CSMA
(Carrier Sense Multiple Access). CSMA is an Ethernet collision avoidance mechanism technology built into to all
Ethernet connections. However, these technologies must still be supplemented by the HMI/PLC polling master to
optimize RF data traffic.
Some HMI/PLC Ethernet applications may depend solely on Ethernet CSMA to control the flow of messages to avoid RF
collisions in a Viper data network. This may flood the network with multiple polling messages, making it difficult for the
RTUs to acquire the airwave to transmit their reply messages. This will cause the RTUs to compete for airtime and a
dominant RTU may be created.
While the dominant RTU/radio is transmitting, the other RTUs will send their reply messages to their connected Viper
SC. Viper SCs will buffer reply messages because the dominant RTU/radio is transmitting (carrier is present). A Viper SC
will buffer (while a carrier is present) a reply message until it can capture the airwave (carrier absent) to transmit.
There could be five or six RTU/radios in a small system (or 10 or 20 in a large system), which could be trying to capture
the airwaves to transmit. The RTUs will not respond in the order they were polled but will respond when they are ready
and have captured the airwaves. The dominant RTU is created because it happens to reply at just the right time and be
in the right order in the polling sequence.
A common method for a polling master to manage RF traffic is for the HMI/PLC polling master to poll one remote at a
time. The next polling message is not sent until the current message has been completed (“Done”) or has timed out.
This prevents more than one outstanding polling message. Ladder logic programs typically refer to these parameters as
the message “Done” and “Error” bits. The “Done” and “Error” bits parameter values can be adjusted for longer timeout
values, if required.
Because the Viper SC has the ability to use two completely different and separate SCADA polling protocols, it is
important to have interaction between the two protocols. The Viper SC can send out an Ethernet TCP/IP polling
message and also an RS232 polling message, which may or may not be generated by the same HMI/PLC. CalAmp
recommends the user program the polling sequence in each protocol with logic that interacts with the other’s protocol
“Done” and “Error” bits. The Ethernet polling protocol would not be allowed to send a message until the current
Ethernet message is either “Done” or “Error” and the previous RS232 message are either “Done” or “Error” bits are set.
The RS232 polling protocol would also have a similar logic.
Viper SC+™ IP Router for Licensed Spectrum PN 001-5008-000 Rev. C | Page 11
2.1.1. POINT-TO-POINT NETWORK
A point-to-point network is the simplest type of network, and may be used for connecting a pair of PCs, a host
computer and a terminal, a SCADA polling master and one remote, or a wide variety of other networking applications.
Figure 4 – Point-to-Point Network
2.1.2. POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT NETWORK
A Point-to-Multipoint network is a common network type used in SCADA and other polling systems. The Master Polling
station communicates with any number of remotes and controls the network by issuing polls and waiting for remote
responses. Individual PLC/RTU remotes manage addressing and respond when their individual addresses are queried.
PLC/RTU unit addresses are maintained in a scanning list stored in the host program or master terminal device at the
SCADA host site. Communications equipment is transparent and does not interact with specific remotes; all data is
coupled to the host on a single data line (such a network is commonly used with synchronous radio modems and
asynchronous radio modems).
Figure 5 – Point-to-Multipoint Network
Viper SC+™ IP Router for Licensed Spectrum PN 001-5008-000 Rev. C | Page 12
2.1.3. REPORT BY EXCEPTION CO NFIGURATION
In a true Report by Exception configuration, the remotes send data to the master only when an event or exception has
occurred in the remote. However, most Report by Exception systems have a master/remote polling component. The
master polls the remotes once every hour or half-hour to ensure there is still a valid communication path. In a Report
by Exception configuration, there will not be a master controlling RF traffic and RF collisions will often occur.
Viper has several collision avoidance features to help minimize collisions. Viper is a “polite radio”. This means Viper will
check the RF traffic on the receive channel before transmitting. If there is no RF traffic present (no carrier present) it
will transmit. If there is RF traffic (carrier present) the Viper SC will buffer the data. Viper will transmit the buffered
data when there is no RF traffic present.
2.1.4. EXTENDING THE COVERAGE AREA WITH A RELAY POINT
A Viper can be configured as a Relay Point (see the following figure). Relay Points provide store and forward repeating
of necessary information from one coverage area to the next. In Bridge mode all traffic is forwarded. In Router mode,
only Broadcast Packets and address specific packets are forwarded. There may be multiple Relay Points to extend
coverage over several hops.
Note: Multiple relay points in a single network may slow the flow of data traffic.
Serial data is always sent out as a broadcast message. A broadcast message cannot take advantage of IP routing mode
so it must use relay points to move from one RF coverage area to another. However, it may be possible to configure
the Viper SC+ so that it may be able to take advantage of the router mode feature and collision avoidance features of
the router mode.
An option to configure the Viper SC+ as a relay point is in the first step of the Viper Setup Wizard or later in the RF
Network tab of the RF Network Settings page. Instructions for completing the Viper Setup Wizard and for configuration
options in the Viper Web Interface tabbed pages are provided later in this User Manual.
Figure 6 – Extending coverage areas by configuring the Viper SC+ as a relay point
Viper SC+™ IP Router for Licensed Spectrum PN 001-5008-000 Rev. C | Page 13
2.2. IP FORWARDING MO DES
Ethernet Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
Network ID 192.168.205.0
Broadcast Address 192.168.205.255
Viper #1 192.168.205.1/24
PLC/RTU #1 192.168.205.10/24
Computer #1 192.168.205.100/24
Viper #2 192.168.205.2/24
PLC/RTU #2 192.168.205.20/24
Viper #3 192.168.205.3/24
PLC/RTU #3 192.168.205.30/24
Viper #4 192.168.205.4/24
PLC/RTU #4 192.168.205.40/24
…
Viper #100: 192.168.205.253/24
PLC/RTU #100: 192.168.205.254/24
All Ethernet capable devices, or hosts, have at least one IP address and a subnet mask assigned to it. The IP address
identifies a specific device and the subnet mask tells the device which other IP addresses it can directly communicate
with. When any host needs to communicate with another device that is not within the same local area network it will
first send the data packet to the gateway or router. The gateway or router will forward the packet to the desired
location. Often times a packet will pass through several gateways or routers to get to its final destination.
The Viper SC+ has two different modes of operation:
Bridge Mode – Bridge mode is for quick setup of units all on the same network.
Router Mode — Router mode is for advanced networks.
Both of these modes are explained in the sections that follow.
2.2.1. BRIDGE MODE
Bridge mode is the simplest configuration for all Viper networks. Viper may be configured for bridge mode only when
all devices are located on the same Local Area Network (LAN). Thus, all units in the network can communicate directly
with all other units in the network.
Each Viper has only one IP address assigned to it and the subnet mask is the same for every Viper in the network.
Bridge communications does not require each Viper to have a unique IP address, but it is highly recommended and
necessary for remote programming of the radio.
Every Viper ships from the factory with the default Ethernet IP address of 192.168.205.1 and a subnet mask of
255.255.255.0. The default subnet of the Viper consists of addresses from 192.168.205.0 to 192.168.205.255. The first
and last IP address of each subnet is reserved, no matter what the subnet size is. The first IP address in the subnet is
the Network ID. The last IP address in the subnet is the Broadcast Address.
Bridge Mode Example 1
This example illustrates a sample Viper network. The subnet consists of IP addresses ranging from 192.168.205.0 to
192.168.205.255. The subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. This subnet is sometimes indicated as 192.168.205.1/24 since the
subnet mask 255.255.255.0 contains 24 ones (followed by 8 zeros) when converted to binary.
The first address 192.168.205.0 is reserved for the Network ID.
The last address 192.168.205.255 is reserved for the broadcast address.
There are 254 valid IP addresses that may be assigned to hosts on the network.
Viper SC+™ IP Router for Licensed Spectrum PN 001-5008-000 Rev. C | Page 14
Figure 7 – Bridge Mode Example 1
Ethernet Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
Network ID 172.20.0.0
Broadcast Address 172.20.255.255
Viper #1 172.20.0.1/16
Viper #2 172.20.0.2/16
Viper #3 172.20.0.3/16
…
Viper #105 172.20.0.015/16
PLC/RTU #1 172.20.255.1/16
PLC/RTU #2 172.20.255.2/16
PLC/RTU #3 172.20.255.3/16
…
PLC/RTU #250 172.20.255.250/16
Computer #1 172.20.138.1/16
…
Computer #500 172.20.255.254/ 16
Bridge Mode Example 2
The subnet for this Viper network is comprised of devices with IP addresses ranging from 172.20.0.0 to 172.20.255.255.
The subnet mask is 255.255.0.0. The shorthand notation is: 172.20.0.1/16 since the subnet mask 255.255.0.0 contains
16 ones (followed by 16 zeros) when converted to binary.
The first address 172.20.0.0 is reserved for the Network ID.
The last address 172.20.255.255 is reserved for the broadcast address.
There are 65534 valid IP addresses available to be assigned to hosts on the network.
Viper SC+™ IP Router for Licensed Spectrum PN 001-5008-000 Rev. C | Page 15
Figure 8 – Bridge Mode Example 2
2.2.2. ROUTER MODE
Router mode allows greater network configuration flexibility, allows the use of a variety of protocols, and also adds RF
diagnostics capability to Viper networks. Diagnostics can be retrieved through the Ethernet port of the Viper. More
information about Viper RF diagnostics is provided in section 4.8 Diagnostics.
Router mode requires the setup of Ethernet IP and Serial IP addresses and is recommended only for users who have
IT/Network support readily available to them and/or the authorization required to make changes in to the network.
In Router mode, each Viper uses two IP addresses:
An Ethernet IP Address
An RF IP Address
Every Viper is factory configured with a default Ethernet IP Address 192.168.205.1 and a unique RF IP address. This RF
IP address will have the form 10.x.y.z where x, y, and z is based on the last 6 digits of the unit’s Ethernet MAC address.
The default network is 10.0.0.0/8.
In Router mode, each Viper must have its Ethernet IP Address on a unique network and all Vipers must have their RF IP
addresses on the same network. For consistent and reliable communication, the RF network addresses should not
overlap or contain any of the IP Addresses in the Ethernet network.
Router Mode Example 1
In this example, each Viper has an Ethernet IP address on a unique network. For Vipers #1, #2, and #3, each network
connected to their local Ethernet ports has 254 valid IP addresses that may be assigned to other hosts. The network
connected to Viper #4’s local Ethernet port has 65534 valid IP addresses.
Note 1 All Vipers’ RF IP addresses are on the same network. Because they are using the 10.0.0.0/8 network, all Vipers
may use the default RF IP address programmed by the factory.
Note 2 All the Viper Ethernet IP addresses are on different networks.
Note 3 Computers, PLCs, RTUs, or other Ethernet capable devices can be connected up to each Viper’s local Ethernet
interface. That device must be set with an IP address on the same network as the Ethernet interface of the
Viper it is connected with.
Viper SC+™ IP Router for Licensed Spectrum PN 001-5008-000 Rev. C | Page 16
Ethernet Subnet Mask Varies from Viper to Viper.
RF Subnet Mask is the same for all units: 255.0.0.0 (hence /8 shown for all RF IP Addresses; 8 ones (24 zeros) binary.)
HMI/PLC/RTU Default Gateway points to the Viper that the HMI/PLC/RTU is connected to.
Viper #1: Ethernet IP Address: 192.168.205.1/24 RF IP Address: 10.11.12.25/8
PLC #1: 192.168.205.2/24 Default Gateway: 192.168.205.1
Computer/HMI #1: 192.168.205.3/24 Default Gateway: 192.168.205.1
Viper #2: Ethernet IP Address: 192.168.206.1/24 RF IP Address: 10.9.7.251/8
PLC #2: 192.168.206.2/24 Default Gateway 192.168.206.1
Viper #3: Ethernet IP Address: 192.168.207.1/24 RF IP Address: 10.8.0.52/8
PLC #3: 192.168.207.2/24 Default Gateway: 192.168.207.1
Computer #3: 192.168.207.3/24 Default Gateway: 192.168.207.1
Viper #4: Ethernet IP Address: 172.21.51.105/16 RF IP Address: 10.0.1. 11/8
PLC #4: 172.21.51.106/16 Default Gateway 172.21.51.106
Figure 9 – Router Mode Example 1
Router Mode Example 2
Each Viper has an Ethernet IP address on a unique network.
In this example, each network connected to the Viper’s local Ethernet port has 14 valid IP addresses that may be used
for the Viper, PLCs, RTUs, computers, or other Ethernet equipment that may be connected.
The subnet mask of the RF IP addresses has been changed to ensure that the RF IP network does not overlap any of the
Ethernet networks. In this scenario, the RF IP addresses must be manually programmed to ensure that every Viper has
an RF IP address in the network and that no RF IP address is used twice.
Viper SC+™ IP Router for Licensed Spectrum PN 001-5008-000 Rev. C | Page 17
Viper #1: Ethernet IP Address: 10.200.1.1/28 RF IP Address: 10.0.0.1/16
Viper #2: Ethernet IP Address: 10.200.1.17/28 RF IP Address: 10.0.0.2/16
Viper #3: Ethernet IP Address: 10.200.1.33/28 RF IP Address: 10.0.0.3/16
Viper #4: Ethernet IP Address: 10.200.1.49/28 RF IP Address: 10.0.0. 4/16
…
Viper #177: Ethernet IP Address: 10.200.12.1/28 RF IP Address: 10.0.0.177/16
Viper #178: Ethernet IP Address: 10.200.12.17/28 RF IP Address: 10.0.0. 178/16
Figure 10 – Router Mode Example 2
Solarwinds™ Advanced Subnet Calculator (available as a free download from the Solarwinds website at
www.solarwinds.com) can be used to help calculate subnets as used in this example. The Advanced Subnet Calculator
will calculate and display the range of host IP addresses that can be used, as shown in the following figure.
Figure 11 – Router Mode Example 2 Subnet Calculations
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2.2.3. VIPER ROUTER GENERATOR (VRG) PROGRAM
CalAmp has developed a Viper Route Generator (VRG) application that assists in generating the Viper’s neighbor or
router tables and also generates the configuration files for all the radios in your project within minutes.
Figure 12 – Viper Route Generator tool
You should try to choose an IP addressing scheme so that the master Viper’s address is always first in a sequence and
then the remote IP addresses to follow in that sequence.
The VRG application can be downloaded from CalAmp. Contact CalAmp Technical Support to obtain the VRG
application and instructions for its use.
2.2.4. MULTISPEED NETWORKING
When using the Viper SC+ with a Viper SC+ multi-speed base station, it is possible to configure the network for
multispeed operation. With the base station enabled as the rate controller, the remote device becomes a rate follower.
The rate controller (base station) can be configured to talk at different over-the-air data rates for each remote Viper.
This allows the user to uniquely control the data rate for each RF link in the system using the Base Station configuration
interface web pages. The user can program RF links with strong signal strength to communicate at fast data rates and
RF links with low signal strength can be programmed to communicate at more-robust, slower data rates. Even if data
rates vary from Viper to Viper, every Viper in the network must be programmed for the same bandwidth.
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An option to configure the Viper SC+ for multispeed networking is in the first step of the Viper Setup Wizard or later in
the RF Network tab of the RF Network Settings page. Instructions for completing the Viper Setup Wizard and for
configuration options in the Viper Web Interface tabbed pages are provided later in this User Manual.
Figure 13 – Viper SC+ Base Station with remote Vipers configured with different OTA data rates
2.3. UNDERSTANDING RF PATH REQUIREM ENTS
Radio waves are propagated when electrical energy produced by a radio transmitter is converted into magnetic energy
by an antenna. Magnetic waves travel through space. The receiving antenna intercepts a very small amount of this
magnetic energy and converts it back into electrical energy that is amplified by the radio receiver. The indicator of
strength of signal energy received by the receiver is called the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) and is
expressed in dBm.
A radio modem requires minimum amount of received RF signal to operate reliably and provide adequate data
throughput. This is the radio receiver’s sensitivity. In most cases, spectrum regulators will define or limit the amount of
signal that can be transmitted and it will be noted in the FCC license. This is the effective isotropic radiated power
(EIRP). Transmitted power decays with distance and other factors as it moves away from the transmitting antenna.
Viper SC+™ IP Router for Licensed Spectrum PN 001-5008-000 Rev. C | Page 20
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