HiPR-900 E
Dataradio HiPR-900® Wireless Radio Modem
242-5099-100 HiPR-900 E
242-5099-110 HiPR-900 S
User Manual
001-5099-000
September 2007
What's New in this version
History
Version 5 September 2007
• Updated HiPR picture
• Updated company information
Version 4 July 2007
• Applies to HiPR-900 FHSS 900 PROD V2.8_Rxxx
• Added Feature Key Capability
• Added Section 6.7.6.6: Feature Options
• Added Figure 6
• Updated Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 21, Figure 29, and Figure 30
• Added Appendix 1
• Updated Section 6.7.5
• Updated Appendix 3
Version 3 April 2007
• Restructured several sections and general order of the
user manual
• Added Section 4: Browser-Based Interface
• Added Section 5: Network Applications
• Added Forwarding Mode Selection Overview, Section 6.7.2.1.1
• Added Access Point (Default Gateway) description, Section 6.7.3.1.1
• Added Section 6.7.3.3.1:SNMP Overview
• Added TDMA Segment Configuration description, Section 6.7.3.9.1
• Added Section 6.7.7 Neighbor
• Updated NAT Overview, Section 6.7.3.3.2
• Updated IP Broadcast/Multicast Overview, Section 6.7.3.4.1
• Updated Firmware Upgrading, Section 7.6
• Updated screen captures in Sections: 6.6.1, 6.7.1, 6.7.2.1, 6.7.3.3 6.7.3.8, 6.7.3.9,
6.7.5, and 6.7.8
Version 2 November 2006
• Added UL Class I Div 2 information
• Removed FTP Client, Section 4
• Added Package Control, Section 4.8.7.
• Stop test value was 60 seconds, changed to 20 seconds, Section 4.8.8.
• Updated screen shots
• Added Firmware Upgrading, Section 5.6
• Added NAT Overview, Section 4.8.3.3.1
• Added IP Broadcast/Multicast Overview, Section 4.8.3.4.1
• Added UL listing
Version 1 March 2006
• Updated Figure 22, Mask address
• Updated Figure 23 and Table Descriptions, Unit status
• Updated Figure 29, Advanced IP Configuration, LAN (IP)
• Updated Figure 35, Advanced IP Configuration, Time Source
• Updated Figure 31, DHCP Server
• Updated Figure 33, IP Optimization & Tuning, Bridge Mode
• Updated Section 3.1, LEDs
Version 0 September 2005
• Initial release of Dataradio® HiPR-900™ Wireless Modem User Manual
Table of Contents
1. PRODUCT OVERVIEW ....................................................................................... 1
1.1 I
1.2 G
NTENDED AUDIENCE
ENERAL DESCRIPTION
........................................................................................ 1
..................................................................................... 1
1.2.1 Characteristics .......................................................................................... 2
1.2.2 Configuration ........................................................................................... 2
1.2.3 Accessories and Options ............................................................................ 3
1.3 F
1.4 P
ACTORY TECHNICAL SUPPORT
RODUCT WARRANTY,
RMA
............................................................................. 3
AND CONTACT INFORMATION
.............................................. 3
1.4.1 RMA REQUEST .......................................................................................... 4
1.4.2 PRODUCT DOCUMENTATION ....................................................................... 4
1.5 U
NPACKING
................................................................................................... 4
2. INSTALLATION ................................................................................................. 5
2.1 UL A
2.2 A
PPROVED FOR CLASS I, DIVISION 2 OR ZONE
NTENNA INSTALLATION
.................................................................................... 5
2 ................................................... 5
2.2.1 Professional Installation & RF Exposure Compliance Requirements ................... 5
2.2.2 Antenna Connection .................................................................................. 5
2.2.3 Spacing and Constraints ............................................................................ 6
2.2.4 RF Path and communications range ............................................................. 7
2.2.5 Antennas ................................................................................................. 7
2.3 P
(E
ARALLEL DECODE
XCLUSIVE TO THE FULL-FEATURED HI
........................................................................................... 7
PR-900
VERSION
) ...................................................... 7
3. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION ................................................................................. 8
3.1 LEDS .......................................................................................................... 9
3.2 U
SER CONNECTOR PIN-OUTS
............................................................................... 9
3.2.1 Ethernet LAN Port ..................................................................................... 9
3.2.2 SETUP & COM Ports ................................................................................. 10
4. BROWSER-BASED INTERFACE ........................................................................ 11
4.1 I
NTERFACE SETUP AND STATUS
.......................................................................... 11
5. NETWORK APPLICATIONS .............................................................................. 12
5.1 O
PERATING MODES
........................................................................................ 12
5.1.1 Master mode (exclusive to the full-featured HiPR-900 version) ...................... 12
5.1.2 Remote mode ......................................................................................... 12
5.1.3 Repeater Mode (exclusive to the full-featured HiPR-900 version) ................... 12
5.2 IP
FORWARDING MODES
.................................................................................. 12
5.2.1 Bridge mode .......................................................................................... 12
5.2.2 Router mode (exclusive to the full-featured HiPR-900 version) ...................... 12
5.3 C
5.4 S
5.5 N
ONNECTIONS
ELECTABLE DATA RATES
ETWORK TOPOLOGY
.............................................................................................. 13
................................................................................. 14
...................................................................................... 15
5.5.1 One Coverage Area ................................................................................. 15
5.5.2 Extending the coverage area .................................................................... 16
5.5.2.1 Repeater Mode: Keeping your network in Sync ...................................... 16
(Exclusive to the full-featured HiPR-900 version) ............................................... 16
5.5.2.2 Broadcast Relay Point: Relaying information to distant units ................... 16
6. OPERATION & CONFIGURATION .................................................................... 18
................................................................................................. 18
6.1 LAN
6.2 D
SETUP
EFAULT IP SETTINGS
.................................................................................... 18
6.2.1 Ethernet Interface ................................................................................... 18
6.2.2 RF Interface ........................................................................................... 18
001-5099-000 HiPR-900 User Manual
ii
6.3 IP N
ETWORK SETTINGS
................................................................................... 19
6.3.1 Factory Settings in Bridge Mode ................................................................ 19
6.3.2 IP Network Settings in Bridge Mode ........................................................... 19
6.3.3 IP Network Settings in Router Mode (with Host) .......................................... 20
6.3.4 IP Network Settings in Router Mode (with Router) ....................................... 21
6.3.5 IP Network Settings in a Network with Repeater Unit ................................... 21
6.4 L
OGIN SCREEN
............................................................................................. 23
6.4.1 Initial Installation Login ........................................................................... 23
6.5 W
EB INTERFACE
............................................................................................ 23
6.5.1 Apply, Cancel, Save Config, and Reset Unit ................................................ 23
6.6 S
ETUP WIZARD (BRIDGE MODE
) ......................................................................... 25
6.6.1 Procedure .............................................................................................. 25
6.7 B
ASIC AND ADVANCED PARAMETER SETTINGS
.......................................................... 28
6.7.1 Unit Status ............................................................................................ 28
6.7.1.1 Unit Status ...................................................................................... 28
6.7.2 Setup (Basic) ......................................................................................... 29
6.7.2.1 Setup (General) ................................................................................ 29
6.7.2.1.1 .............................................................................. Forwarding Mode
30
6.7.2.2 Basic IP Configuration ....................................................................... 32
6.7.2.3 RF Setup ......................................................................................... 33
6.7.2.4 Serial Ports Setup ............................................................................. 34
6.7.2.5 Diagnostics ...................................................................................... 36
6.7.2.5.1 Diagnostic Connections ................................................................. 37
6.7.3 Setup (Advanced) ................................................................................... 41
6.7.3.1 LAN (IP) .......................................................................................... 41
6.7.3.1.1 Access Point (Default Gateway) ...................................................... 41
6.7.3.2 RF (IP) ............................................................................................ 42
6.7.3.3 IP Services Setup .............................................................................. 43
6.7.3.3.1 SNMP Overview ............................................................................ 44
6.7.3.3.2 NAT Overview .............................................................................. 47
6.7.3.4 IP addressing modes ......................................................................... 52
6.7.3.4.1 IP Broadcast/Multicast Overview ..................................................... 53
6.7.3.5 IP Optimization & Tuning ................................................................... 61
6.7.3.6 IP Routing (exclusive to the full-featured HiPR90 version) ....................... 61
6.7.3.7 Time Source ..................................................................................... 62
6.7.3.8 Ethernet (PHY) ................................................................................. 63
6.7.3.9 RF Link ............................................................................................ 63
6.7.3.9.1 TDMA Segment Configuration ........................................................ 64
6.7.4 Security ................................................................................................. 66
6.7.4.1 Pass Control ..................................................................................... 66
6.7.4.2 Access List ....................................................................................... 67
6.7.5 Statistics ............................................................................................... 68
6.7.5.1 Interfaces ........................................................................................ 68
6.7.6 Maintenance .......................................................................................... 69
6.7.6.1 Ping Test ......................................................................................... 69
6.7.6.2 Unit Configuration Control .................................................................. 70
6.7.6.3 Package Control ................................................................................ 71
6.7.6.4 Radio Tests ...................................................................................... 71
6.7.6.5 Spectrum Analyzer ............................................................................ 72
6.7.6.6 Feature Options ................................................................................ 72
6.7.7
Neighbor Discovery (exclusive to the full-featured HiPR-900 version) ............. 73
6.7.7.1 Local Info ........................................................................................ 74
001-5099-000 HiPR-900 User Manual
iii
6.7.7.2 Neighbor Table ................................................................................. 74
6.7.7.3 Neighbor Management (Advanced) ...................................................... 76
6.7.8 Site Map and Help ................................................................................... 77
7. OPTIMIZATION & TROUBLESHOOTING .......................................................... 78
7.1 B
7.2 S
UILT-IN SPECTRUM ANALYZER
PECTRUM DISPLAY
........................................................................................ 78
.......................................................................... 78
7.2.1 Display Characteristics ............................................................................. 79
7.2.2 Multi-path Interference ............................................................................ 79
7.3 M
7.4 M
AXIMIZING
AXIMIZING VIA SETUP PAGES
TCP/IP ...................................................................................... 80
........................................................................... 80
7.4.1 Use Router Mode .................................................................................... 80
7.4.2 Reduce RF MTU size ................................................................................ 81
7.4.3 Reduce RF network bit rate ...................................................................... 81
7.4.4 Increase OIP Retries Limit ........................................................................ 81
7.5 T
ROUBLESHOOTING TOOLS
............................................................................... 81
7.5.1 Network Connectivity .............................................................................. 81
7.5.2 Configuration Information ........................................................................ 82
7.5.3 Statistics Information .............................................................................. 82
7.6 F
IRMWARE UPGRADING
.................................................................................... 83
7.6.1 Procedure .............................................................................................. 83
7.6.1.1 File Integrity Failure .......................................................................... 84
8. SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................................... 85
IGURE 1 - HI
F
IGURE 2 - SAMPLE EQUATION
F
F
IGURE 3 - ANTENNA SPACING
F
IGURE 4 - FULL-FEATURED HI
IGURE 5 - WEB INTERFACE
F
IGURE 6- NETWORK APPLICATION EXAMPLE
F
IGURE 7 - BASIC SETUP
F
IGURE 8 - SETUP USING SWITCH (OR HUB) AND POE POWER INJECTOR
F
IGURE 9 - POINT-TO-POINT IP N ETWORK SYSTEM
F
IGURE 10 - POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT SYSTEM
F
IGURE 11 - TWO RF COVERAGE AREAS
F
IGURE 12 - SIMPLE BACKBONE
F
F
IGURE 13 - EXPANDED NETWORK
IGURE 14 - FACTORY IP NETWORK SETTINGS IN BRIDGE MODE WITH NO SERVICES
F
IGURE 15 - IP NETWORK SETTINGS IN TRANSPARENT BRIDGE MODE WITH SERVICES
F
IGURE 16 - IP NETWORK SETTINGS IN ROUTER MODE (WITH HOST
F
IGURE 17 - IP NETWORK SETTINGS IN ROUTER MODE (WITH ROUTER
F
F
IGURE 18 - IP NETWORK SETTINGS IN ROUTER MODE (WITH REPEATER
F
IGURE 19 - IP NETWORK SETTINGS IN BRIDGE MODE (WITH REPEATER
IGURE 20 - ENTER NETWORK PASSWORD SCREEN (APPEARANCE MAY VARY WITH BROWSER USED
F
IGURE 21 - WEB USER INTERFACE – WELCOME SCREEN
F
IGURE 22 - ATTENTION SUB-WINDOW
F
IGURE 23 - SETUP WIZARD - STEP ONE
F
F
IGURE 24 - SETUP WIZARD - STEP TWO
F
IGURE 25 - SETUP WIZARD - STEP THREE
IGURE 26 - SETUP WIZARD - STEP FOUR
F
IGURE 27 - SETUP WIZARD - STEP FIVE (BRIDGE MODE
F
IGURE 28 - SETUP WIZARD –STEP FIVE (SWITCH TO BRIDGE MODE
F
PR-900 .................................................................................................. 1
......................................................................................... 6
......................................................................................... 7
PR-900 F
RONT PANEL (LEFT); HI
PR-900S F
RONT PANEL (RIGHT
) ......... 8
.......................................................................................... 11
....................................................................... 13
............................................................................................. 13
....................................... 14
.............................................................. 15
...................................................................... 15
........................................................................... 16
...................................................................................... 16
.................................................................................. 17
........................ 19
....................... 19
) ......................................... 20
) ....................................... 21
) .................................... 21
) ..................................... 22
) ........ 23
........................................................ 24
............................................................................. 24
.......................................................................... 25
.......................................................................... 25
........................................................................ 26
......................................................................... 26
) ...................................................... 27
) ......................................... 27
001-5099-000 HiPR-900 User Manual
iv
F
IGURE 29 - UNIT STATUS
F
IGURE 30 - SETUP (BASIC) GENERAL -FULL-FEATURED HI
F
IGURE 31 - BRIDGE MODE: SAMPLE SETUP WITH ONE COVERAGE AREA
IGURE 32 - SETUP (BASIC) – BASIC IP CONFIGURATION
F
IGURE 33 - SETUP (BASIC) – RF SETUP
F
F
IGURE 34 - SETUP (BASIC) –SERIAL PORT SETUP
F
IGURE 35 - DIAGNOSTICS – THINNING VALUE
IGURE 36 - PACKETS COUNTS FOR
F
IGURE 37 - ADVANCED IP CONFIGURATION -
F
IGURE 38 - ADVANCED IP CONFIGURATION - RF
F
IGURE 39 - ADVANCED IP CONFIGURATION – IP SERVICES SETUP
F
IGURE 40 -
F
IGURE 41 - BRANCH OF THE
F
IGURE
F
IGURE 43 - BASIC
F
F
IGURE 44 IGURE 45 -
F
IGURE 46 - PRIVATE TO PUBLIC
F
IGURE 47 -
F
IGURE 48 -
F
F
IGURE 49 - PRIVATE TO PUBLIC
SNMP:
42- HIPR-900 OID T
NAT
ON HI
NAT E
ON HI
NAT
NAT E
........................................................................................... 28
PR-900 (
LEFT), HI
PR-900S (
RIGHT
....................................... 31
....................................................... 32
.......................................................................... 33
............................................................... 34
.................................................................... 36
PER ........................................................................... 38
LAN (IP) ........................................................ 41
(IP) .......................................................... 42
............................................ 43
MANAGER/AGENT MODEL
MIB
1234.
REE
................................................................................. 46
NAT O
PERATIONS
PR-900: E
NABLED ON ETHERNET INTERFACE
.............................................................................. 47
THERNET INTERFACE IS PRIVATE
..................................................................... 44
TREE
OID
............................................................... 45
........................................... 48
............................................................ 48
.................................................................................... 49
PR-900 E
NABLED ON RF INTERFACE
NABLED: RF INTERFACE IS PRIVATE
..................................................................... 49
........................................ 49
.................................................................................... 50
) ........ 29
FIGURE 50 - NAT ENABLED ON RF INTERFACE ..................................................................... 50
IGURE 51 - PRIVATE TO PUBLIC
F
IGURE 52 - ADVANCED IP CONFIGURATION – IP ADRESSING MODES
F
IGURE 53 - BROADCAST WINDOW DETAIL
F
IGURE 54 - EXAMPLE-DIRECTED BROADCAST FOWARDING ENABLED
F
F
IGURE 55 - EXAMPLE-DIRECTED BROADCAST FORWARDING DISABLED
.................................................................................... 51
.......................................... 52
........................................................................ 53
........................................... 54
......................................... 55
FIGURE 56 - EXAMPLE-LIMITED BROADCAST FORWARDING ENABLED ............................................ 56
IGURE 57 - EXAMPLE-LIMITED BROADCAST FORWARDING DISABLED
F
IGURE 58 - REGISTRATION TO MULTICAST GROUP (FIRST STEP
F
IGURE 59 - REGISTRATION TO MULTICAST GROUP (SECOND STEP
F
F
IGURE 60 - TYPICAL HI
F
IGURE 61 - MULTICAST WINDOW DETAILS (ON THE MAIN HI
PR-900 M
ULTICAST GROUPS
........................................................... 59
........................................... 57
) ............................................... 58
) ............................................ 58
PR-900
) ................................ 60
UNIT
FIGURE 62 - REGISTRATION TO MULTICAST GROUP ................................................................ 60
IGURE 63 - ADVANCED IP CONFIGURATION – IP OPTIMIZATION & TUNING (ROUTER MODE
F
IGURE 64 - ADVANCED IP CONFIGURATION – IP ROUTING
F
F
IGURE 65 - ADVANCED IP CONFIGURATION – TIME SOURCE
F
IGURE 66 - ADVANCED IP CONFIGURATION – ETHERNET
IGURE 67 - ADVANCED IP CONFIGURATION – RF LINK
F
IGURE 68 - TWO RF COVERAGE AREAS: OPEARTION THROUGH A SINGLE REPEATER
F
IGURE 69 - EXAMPLE OF TIMING BREAKDOWN FOR A 3 UNIT NETWORK: PRESET TIME SEGMENTS
F
IGURE 70 - REPEATER AND TWO REMOTES
F
IGURE 71 - SECURITY – PASS CONTROL
F
IGURE 72 - SECURITY – ACCESS LIST
F
IGURE 73 - STATISTICS –INTERFACES
F
IGURE 74 - MAINTENANCE – PING TEST
F
IGURE 75 - MAINTENANCE - UNIT CONFIGURATION CONTROL (INITIAL SCREEN
F
IGURE 76 - PACKAGE CONTROL
F
IGURE 77 - RF TESTS
F
IGURE 78 - MAINTENANCE – SPECTRUM
F
IGURE 79 - AVAILABLE FEATURE OPTIONS
F
IGURE 80 - NEIGHBOR DISCOVERY MODULE
F
IGURE
F
81 - LOCAL
................................................................................................ 71
INFO
............................................................................................. 74
..................................................................................... 71
........................................................................ 65
.......................................................................... 66
............................................................................. 67
............................................................................. 68
........................................................................... 69
........................................................................... 72
........................................................................ 72
...................................................................... 73
..................................................... 61
................................................... 62
(PHY) ............................................... 63
.......................................................... 63
......................... 64
) ............................ 70
) .............. 61
......... 64
001-5099-000 HiPR-900 User Manual
v
IGURE 82 - NEIGHBOR TABLE
F
IGURE 83 - NEIGHBOR MANAGEMENT
F
F
IGURE 84 - SITE MAP LINK AND HELP ICON
IGURE 85 - IDEAL SPECTRUM SAMPLE
F
IGURE 86 - REPRESENTATIVE MULTI-PATH CITY SPECTRUM EXAMPLE
F
IGURE 87 - SAMPLE
F
FTP
....................................................................................... 75
.............................................................................. 76
...................................................................... 77
............................................................................. 78
......................................... 79
PROGRAM
................................................................................. 83
ABLE 1 - ACCESSORIES
T
ABLE 2 - STATES & TRANSITIONS OF POE INPUT VERSUS DC INPUT
T
ABLE 3 - HI
T
ABLE 4 - PIN-OUT FOR
T
T
ABLE 5 - PIN-OUT FOR
ABLE 6 - IP FORWARDING MODES
T
ABLE 7 - SIMPLIFIED RATING OF OUTPUT VALUE REPRESENTING PACKET ERROR RATE
T
ABLE 8 - DECODING SAMPLE OUTPUT FOR ROUTER MODE
T
ABLE 9 - FEATURE COMPARISON
T
T
ABLE 10 - DECODING SAMPLE OUTPUT FOR ROUTER MODE
ABLE 11 - HI
T
PR-900 LED
PR-900 W
................................................................................................ 3
............................................ 8
S INDICATIONS
IEEE-802.3
DCE J11A & B, 9-
............................................................................ 9
AF
RJ-45
RECEPTACLE CONTACTS
CONTACT
DE-9
CONNECTOR
.......................................... 9
...................................... 10
................................................................................. 31
...................................................... 40
.................................................................................... 87
..................................................... 89
IRELESS RADIOMODEM FIRMWARE VERSIONS
........................................ 90
(PER) ............... 38
A
PPENDIX 1- FEATURE COMPARISON
A
PPENDIX 2- DIAGNOSTIC OUTPUT FORMAT FOR HI
EARLIER
PPENDIX 3- HI
A
PPENDIX 4 - DATA TELEMETRY WARRANTY
A
........................................................................................................... 88
PR-900 W
IRELESS RADIOMODEM FIRMWARE VERSIONS
................................................................................ 87
........................................................................ 91
PR-900
UNITS FIRMWARE BUILD
...................................... 90
V2.7_RXXX
OR
001-5099-000 HiPR-900 User Manual
vi
About CalAmp
CalAmp DataCom’s Industrial Monitoring and Controls Division offers reliable, costeffective communications solutions for all your needs. Whether your requirement is
utility meters, equipment and remote site monitoring, alarm notification or other
automated application, our modems provide reliable wireless connectivity. We work
very closely with you and provide the support you need to integrate our modems
into your solutions in a timely, cost-effective manner.
With over 25 years dedicated to data technology and innovation, Dataradio products
are the best choice for wireless data solutions. Our product line is one of the broadest in the industry covering the most often-used frequency bands.
Product Warranty
The manufacturer's warranty statement for this product is available in Appendix 2.
www.calamp.com www.dataradio.com
CalAmp provides Dataradio product brochures, case studies, software downloads,
and product information on the Dataradio website. Every effort is taken to provide
accurate, timely product information in this user manual.
Product updates may result in differences between the information provided herein
and the product shipped. The information in this document is subject to change
without notice.
This document contains confidential and proprietary information that belongs to CalAmp DataCom. Using any of the
information contained herein or copying or imaging all or part of this document by any means is strictly forbidden
without express written consent of CalAmp, Inc.
DATARADIO, PARALLEL DECODE®, and HiPR-900 are registered trademarks of Dataradio. TRUSTED WIRELESS DATA is a trademark of CalAmp.
001-5099-000 HiPR-900 User Manual
vii
Definitions
Item Definition
Access Point Communication hub for users to connect to a LAN. Access Points are important
for providing heightened wireless security and for extending the physical range
of service a wireless user has access to.
ACT LED Ethernet data activity.
AES Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
Airlink Physical radio frequency connections used for communications between units.
ARP Address Resolution Protocol – Maps Internet address to physical address.
Backbone The part of a network that connects most of the systems and networks together,
and handles the most data.
Bandwidth The transmission capacity of a given device, network, or physical channel.
Dwell Interval Time between channel changes
Browser An application program that provides a way to view and interact with all the in-
formation on the World Wide Web.
CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance - A method of data transfer
that is used to prevent data collisions.
COM Port Both RS-232 serial communications ports of the HiPR-900 wireless radio modem
are configured as DCE and are designed to connect directly to a DTE.
Default Gateway A device that forwards Internet traffic from your local area network.
DCE Data Communications Equipment. This designation is applied to equipment such
as modems. DCE is designed to connect to DTE.
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - A networking protocol that allows ad-
ministrators to assign temporary IP addresses to network computers by "leasing"
an IP address to a user for a limited amount of time, instead of assigning permanent IP addresses.
DNS Domain Name Server - translates the domain name into an IP address.
Domain A specific name for a network of computers.
DTE Data Terminal Equipment. This designation is applied to equipment such as ter-
minals, PCs, RTUs, PLCs, etc. DTE is designed to connect to DCE.
Dynamic IP Addr A temporary IP address assigned by a DHCP server.
Ethernet IEEE standard network protocol that specifies how data is placed on and re-
trieved from a common transmission medium.
Endspan PSE Power Sourcing Equipment – Equipment used to inject PoE over the unused
conductors, over the data baring conductor, or over both types of conductors of a
4-pair standard cable (E.g: CAT-5).
Feature Key Method used to implement customer’s option(s) selected at the time of radiomo-
dem purchase (factory-installation) or as add-on (field-installation).
u
001-5099-000 HiPR-900 User Manual
viii
FHSS Frequency Hop Spread Spectrum: a modulations technique which spreads data
across the entire transmission spectrum by transmitting successive data on different channels ("hopping").
Firewall A set of related programs located at a network gateway server that protects the
resources of a network from users from other networks.
Firmware The programming code that runs a networking device.
Fragmentation Breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting over a network medium
that cannot support the original size of the packet.
FTP File Transfer Protocol - A protocol used to transfer files over a TCP/IP network.
Gateway A device that interconnects networks with different, incompatible communica-
tions protocols.
HDX Half Duplex. Data transmission that can occur in two directions over a single
line, using separate Tx and Rx frequencies, but only one direction at a time.
HiPR-900™ Frequency hopping spread spectrum wireless modem that operates in the license
free 902-928 MHz band.
HiPR-900S Standard version of the HiPR-900™ modem. This version provides core functio-
nalities of the full-featured HiPR-900 version.
HTTP HyperText Transport Protocol - The communications protocol used to connect to
servers on the World Wide Web.
IPCONFIG A Windows 2000 and XP utility that displays the IP address for a particular net-
working device.
LNK LED Ethernet connection established.
MAC Media Access Control - The unique address that a manufacturer assigns to each
networking device.
MIB Management Information Base (MIB)-a logical, hierarchically organized data-
base of network management information. Used in SNMP.
Midspan PSE Power Sourcing Equipment – Equipment used to inject PoE over the unused
conductors of a 4-pair standard cable (E.g.: CATS)
MTU Maximum Transmission Unit - The largest TCP/IP packet that the hardware can
carry.
NAT Network Address Translation - NAT technology translates IP addresses of a local
area network to a different IP address for the Internet.
Network A series of computers or devices connected for the purpose of data sharing, sto-
rage, and/or transmission between users.
Network speed This is the bit rate on the RF link between units.
Node A network junction or connection point, typically a computer or work station.
OIP Optimized IP – Compresses TCP and UDP headers, and filters unnecessary ac-
knowledgments. This makes the most use of the available bandwidth.
OTA Over-The-Air - Standard for the transmission and reception of application-related
information in a wireless communications system
Parallel Decode Patented technology used by HiPR-900 products featuring dual receivers for
added data decode sensitivity in multi-path and fading environments. (United
States Patent No: 6,853,694 B1)
001-5099-000 HiPR-900 User Manual
ix
x
PHY A PHY chip (called PHYceiver) provides interface to the Ethernet transmission
medium. Its purpose is digital access of the modulated link (usually used together
with an MII-chip).
The PHY defines data rates and transmission method parameters.
Ping Packet Internet Groper - An Internet utility used to determine whether a particu-
lar IP address is online.
PLC Programmable Logic Controller. A user-provided intelligent device that can
make decisions, gather and report information, and control other devices.
PoE Power over Ethernet. Technology that allows the electrical current, necessary for
the operation of each device, to be carried by the wired Ethernet LANs data
cables rather than by power cords.
Powered Device Device that is drawing power from an Ethernet cable. A powered device is com-
patible with both midspan PSE and endspan PSE; it is insensitive to polarity
PWR LED Indicates presence of PoE or DC power input.
RIPv2 Dynamic IP routing protocol based on the distance vector algorithm.
Router A networking device that connects multiple networks together.
RS-232 Industry–standard interface for data transfer.
RSSI Received Signal Strength Indication- an indicator of the strength of the received
signal. Units are dBm. The lower the number the stronger the signal.
RTU Remote Terminal Unit. A user-provided SCADA device used to gather informa-
tion or control other devices.
SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. A general term referring to systems
that gather data and/or perform control operations.
Smart Combining Digital processing method used to combine “Spatial Diversity” signals to optim-
ize performance.
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol. Provides a means to monitor and control
network devices, and to manage configurations, statistics collection, performance, and security.
SNTP Simple Network Time Protocol - Protocol for synchronizing the clocks of com-
puter systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks. Uses UDP
as its transport layer.
Spatial Diversity Composite information from independent diversity branches using antennas
spaced apart is used with “Smart Combining” to minimize fading and other undesirable effects of multi-path propagation.
Spread Spectrum Wideband radio frequency technique used for reliable and secure data transmis-
sion.
Static IP Address A fixed address assigned to a computer or device that is connected to a network.
Static Routing Forwarding data in a network via a fixed path.
Subnet Mask An Ethernet address code that determines the size of the network.
Switch A data switch that connects computing devices to host computers, allowing a
large number of devices to share a limited number of ports.
Sync Data transmitted on a wireless network that keeps the network channels synchro-
nized.
TCP Transmission Control Protocol - A network protocol for transmitting data that re-
quires acknowledgement from the recipient of data sent.
001-5099-000 HiPR-900 User Manual
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TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol - A set of protocols to commu-
nicate over a network.
TDD Time Division Duplex - Allows (virtually) simultaneous transmission in both di-
rections. The uplink and downlink transmissions use the same frequency, but are
allocated different time slots.
TDD Segment A way of allocating a unique time slice to every unit in the network, so that no
units collide in the RF domain (see TDMA).
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access- A method of sharing a channel, by assigning dif-
ferent time slots to different users.
Telnet A user command and TCP/IP protocol used for accessing remote PCs.
TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol – UDP/IP based file transfer protocol.
Topology The physical layout of a network.
Transparent A transparent unit transmits all data without regard to special characters, formats
etc.
Terminal Server Acts as a converter between Ethernet/IP and RS-232 protocols.
Tx/Rx LED Airlink data activity
UDP User Datagram Protocol - A network protocol for transmitting data that does not
require acknowledgement from the recipient of the data that is sent.
Upgrade To replace existing software or firmware with a newer version.
URL Universal Resource Locator - The address of a file located on the Internet.
VPN Virtual Private Network - A security measure to protect data as it leaves one net-
work and goes to another over the Internet.
WINIPCFG A Windows 98 and Me utility that displays the IP address for a particular net-
working device.
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network - A group of computers and associated devices that
communicate with each other wirelessly.
001-5099-000 HiPR-900 User Manual
1. Product Overview
This document provides information required for the operation and verification of the DATARADIO®
HiPR-900® Spread Spectrum wireless modem.
1.1 Intended Audience
This manual is intended for system designers, professional installers, and maintenance technicians.
1.2 General Description
CalAmp’s Dataradio HiPR-900 FHSS modem with patented Parallel Decode® is a Frequency-Hopping
Spread-Spectrum wireless radio modem that operates in the license-free 902-928 MHz band. HiPR-900 is
designed for SCADA, telemetry, control, and industrial applications in Point-to-Point, Point-toMultipoint, and complex network topology configurations.
HiPR-900 supports serial and Ethernet/IP Remote Terminal Units (RTU) and programmable logic controllers (PLC). It is standard IEEE 802.3af compliant.
Figure 1 - HiPR-900E
Note:
This manual is applicable to both the full-featured HiPR-900 radio modem and the standard HiPR-900S radio modem. Please refer to Table 9 in Appendix 1 for feature comparison.
001-5099-000 HiPR-900 User Manual
1
The HiPR-900 wireless modem consists of a logic PCB that includes modem circuitry and a radio module
installed in a cast aluminum case.
The HiPR-900 wireless modem “hops” from channel to channel several times per second using a “hop”
pattern defined by the unit user-configured as Master
1
. Spread-spectrum users can share the frequency
band with other microwave radio users without one group interfering with the other. A distinct hopping
pattern is used by HiPR-900 units based on System IDs to minimize the chance of interference with other
spread spectrum networks. In the United States and Canada, no license is necessary to install and operate
this type of spread spectrum system.
The unit is not hermetically sealed and should be mounted in a suitable enclosure when dust and/or a corrosive atmosphere are anticipated. There are no external switches or adjustments; all operating parameters
are set via a web browser.
1.2.1 Characteristics
HiPR-900 has the following operational characteristics:
• HiPR RF deck, frequency range of 902 to 928 MHz (simplex), 490 kHz channel bandwidth, and 51
RF channels.
• High-speed user-selectable data rates of 256 or 512 Kbps.
• Built-in adjustable 0.1 to 1 watt transceiver.
• Used as an access point or an end point with each configurable in:
♦ Bridge IP Forwarding mode – for quick setup of units on same network
♦ Router IP Forwarding mode2 - for advanced networks
• Embedded web server to access status and/or setup information.
• Remote access for over-the-air system firmware upgrades.
• Parallel Decode®3 with SMART COMBINING dual receivers for added decode sensitivity in multi-
path and fading environments.
• Wide input power range of 10 to 30 volts DC
• Flexibility of Power over Ethernet (PoE).
• AES 128-bit data encryption
• Superior data compression
• Native UDP and TCP/IP support
• Optimized IP (OIP) protocol reduction
• Diagnostics
• Built-in Spectrum Analyzer
1.2.2 Configuration
HiPR-900 units are factory-configured to default settings. Configuration changes or upgrades are web
browser-based.
1
Master mode is exclusive to the full-featured HiPR-900 version
2
Router IP Forwarding mode is exclusive to the full-featured HiPR-900 version
3
Parallel Decode® is exclusive to the full-featured HiPR-900 version
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1.2.3 Accessories and Options
Table 1 lists various accessory items available for the HiPR-900 Wireless Modem.
Table 1 - Accessories
Accessory Dataradio Part Number
POE Power Injector 250-5099-001
HiPR-900 DIN-rail Mounting Kit 250-5099-005
Antenna kits
8.5 dBi Yagi Antenna Kit 250-5099-011
12.1 dBi Yagi Antenna Kit 250-5099-021
5.1 Omni Antenna Kit 250-5099-031
Stand-alone Antennas
8.5 dBi Yagi Antenna 250-5099-010
12.1 dBi Yagi Antenna 250-5099-020
5.1 Omni Antenna 250-5099-030
HiPR-900 Repeater Station Contact your Account Representative
For information on accessories and options, contact your sales representative. In the United States, call 1-800-992-7774 or 1-507833-8819. For International inquiries, call 507-833-8819.
1.3 Factory Technical Support
M-F 7:30 AM to 4:30 PM Central Time
CalAmp DataCom Industrial Monitoring and Controls
299 Johnson Ave.
Ste 110, Waseca, MN 56093
Tel 507.833.8819 Fax 507.833.6758 Email support@dataradio.com
For application assistance, consult the Technical Support Application Notes (TSAN) at:
Dataradio.com/support.shtml
1.4 Product Warranty, RMA and Contact Information
Dataradio guarantees that every HiPR-900 Radio Modem will be free from physical defects in material
and workmanship for two (2) years from the date of purchase when used within the limits set forth in the
Specifications section of this manual.
The manufacturer's warranty statement is available in Appendix 2. If the product proves defective during
the warranty period, contact Dataradio COR Ltd. Customer Service to obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA).
001-5099-000 HiPR-900 User Manual
3
1.4.1 RMA REQUEST
Contact Customer Service:
299 Johnson Ave., Ste 110, Waseca, MN 56093
Tel 1.507.833.8819 Email rma@dataradio.com
BE SURE TO HAVE THE EQUIPMENT MODEL AND SERIAL NUMBER, AND BILLING AND
SHIPPING ADDRESSES ON HAND WHEN CALLING. You may also request an RMA online at
www.dataradio.com/rma
.
When returning a product, mark the RMA clearly on the outside of the package. Include a complete description of the problem, as well as the name and telephone number of a contact person. RETURN
REQUESTS WILL NOT BE PROCESSED WITHOUT THIS INFORMATION.
For units in warranty, customers are responsible for shipping charges to Dataradio. For units returned out
of warranty, customers are responsible for all shipping charges. Return shipping instructions are the responsibility of the customer.
1.4.2 PRODUCT DOCUMENTATION
Dataradio reserves the right to update its products, software, or documentation without obligation to notify any individual or entity. Product updates may result in differences between the information provided in
this manual and the product shipped. For the most current product documentation, visit
www.dataradio.com
for datasheets, programming software, and user manuals.
1.5 Unpacking
When ready for installation, carefully unpack your HiPR-900 shipping carton and identify each item as
listed below:
• One HiPR-900 radio modem
• Power cable (5 ft) and connector with in-line 3A fuse
• Ethernet cable (5 ft)
• Quick Start Guide
If damage has occurred to the equipment during shipment, file a claim with the carrier immediately.
001-5099-000 HiPR-900 User Manual
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2. Installation
2.1 UL Approved for Class I, Division 2 or Zone 2
The HiPR-900 is suitable for use in Class I, Division 2, Groups A, B, A, D or non-hazardous locations.
To meet UL compliance, the HiPR-900 must be installed in an enclosure and power must be supplied by a
, non-energy hazardous source. This device may be powered via Pow-
SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage
er-over-Ethernet (PoE) when it remains internal to the building and/or via the terminal block (+) connection.
Warning – Explosion Hazard – Do not disconnect while circuit is live unless area is know to be nonhazardous. Substitution of components may impair suitability for Class I, Division 2 or Zone 2 operation.
2.2 Antenna Installation
2.2.1 Professional Installation & RF Exposure Compliance Requirements
The HiPR-900 radio modem is intended for use in the Industrial and SCADA market. The HiPR-900 must
be professionally installed and must ensure a minimum separation distance of more than 14.58 in. (37 cm)
between the radiating structure and any person. An antenna mounted on a pole or tower is the typical installation in some (this allows for mount) instances, a 1/2-wave whip antenna is used.
)
RF Exposure
The installer of this equipment must ensure the antenna is located or pointed such that it does not emit an
RF field in excess of Health Canada limits for the general population. Recommended safety guidelines for
the human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic energy are contained in the Canadian Safety
Code 6 (available from Health Canada) and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Bulletin 65.
Proper installation of the transceiver antenna of HiPR-900 products, as summarized in section 2.2.2 below, will result in user exposure substantially below the recommended limits for the general public.
The HiPR-900 complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules and must be professionally installed. Operation
must conform to the following two conditions:
The HiPR-900 radio modem uses a low power radio frequency transmitter. The concentrated
energy from an antenna may pose a health hazard. People should not be in front of the antenna when the transmitter is operating.
• This device may not cause harmful interference.
• This device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.
Notes:
Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance (in the country where used) could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
2.2.2 Antenna Connection
This equipment has been tested and approved with antennas having a maximum gain of 10 dBi. Transmit
antennas with a higher gain are strictly prohibited (by Industry Canada regulations). The required antenna
impedance is 50 ohms. In order to reduce potential radio interference, the antenna type and its gain should
be chosen to ensure the effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) is not more than required for successful
communication.
001-5099-000 HiPR-900 User Manual
5
FCC/IC Rule: The output power is not to exceed 1.0 watt (30 dBm) and the EIRP not to exceed 6 dBi
gain (+36dBm). A sample calculation is provided below.
Referring to Figure 2:
Sample Calculation: Yagi Antenna: 8.5 dBi, which exceeds 6 dBi gain by 2.5 dB
Cable Loss: 1.5 dB
HiPR-900 output initially set to 30 dBm (1 watt).
(Initial output level) dBm - (excess antenna gain) dB + (cable loss) dB = (new power setting) dBm
Therefore, the sample calculation becomes: 30dBm – 2.5 dB + 1.5dB = 29 dBm
The HiPR-900 output must be reduced by 1 dB to 29 dBm.
“R” = RX
“T” = TX/RX
27.5 dBM
29 dBm
8.5 dBI Gain Yagi
ERIP = 36 dBM
Figure 2 - Sample equation
2.2.3 Spacing and Constraints
(Exclusive to the full-featured HiPR-900 version)
Referring to Figure 3 HiPR-900 radio modems commonly use two separate antennas
• “T” - Main transceiver – Constraints are the limit of 14.58 in/37 cm (see 2.2.1 above) and omni-
directional factors
• “R” - Auxiliary receiver – Constraints are the receiver spacing of at least 5/8 λ (wavelength) from
transceiver antenna and omni-directional requirements (8in. / 21cm). There is no gain restriction.
For installation of ground-plane dependent antennas, the center of the surface used for mounting is preferable for best omni-directional pattern. For ground-plane independent antennas, installation may be
close to the edges of the mounting surface.
001-5099-000 HiPR-900 User Manual
6
≥5/8λ
37cm
14.58in.
900MHz: 8”/21cm
R
T
Figure 3 - Antenna Spacing
2.2.4 RF Path and communications range
The range of the HiPR-900 is dependent on terrain, RF (radio frequency) path obstacles, and antenna system design. To assure reliable communications, a competent professional should study the RF path to determine what antennas are required and whether or not a repeater is needed.
NOTE: Any full-featured HiPR-900 unit can be a repeater.
2.2.5 Antennas
The antennas listed in Table 1 (page 3), were tested and typed for maximum gain. These antennas are
FCC-approved for use with the HiPR-900. Similar antenna types from other manufacturers are equally
acceptable.
2.3 Parallel Decode
(Exclusive to the full-featured HiPR-900 version)
Dataradio's patented1 Parallel Decode technology combines Spatial Diversity and Smart Combining to
provide increased sensitivity plus improved immunity to multi-path fading. Even in the absence of motion, the changing wavelengths inherent in frequency-hopping systems make it possible for stationary
sites to experience frequency-selective interference. Parallel Decode technology receives and continuously combines signals from two antennas a short distance apart, ensuring a more reliable link.
Full 1W transmit power can be used with up to 6 dBi antenna gain on the TX/RX port. The dual antenna
connections also permit the use of a higher-gain antenna for the receiver (RX only).
Dual antenna ports also permit receiving from a far distant site with a high- gain antenna while using an
omni directional to serve local stations. The Parallel Decode receiver algorithm automatically and continually decodes signals from both antennas.
In special applications such as rotating machinery, dual antenna ports allow the use of cross-polarized
antennas, automatically selecting the best received signal regardless of the orientation of the machine.
1
(United States Patent No: 6,853,694 B1)
001-5099-000 HiPR-900 User Manual
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3. Physical Description
Figure 4 - Full-Featured HiPR-900 Front Panel (left); HiPR-900S Front Panel (right)
Only the front panel has connections and indicators. They are:
• One standard RJ-45 auto-sensing 10/100 UTP Ethernet connection with Auto-MDIX. Supports
direct connection to both Terminal Devices and Ethernet hubs or switches without resorting to
crossover cables. LED indicators make it simple to verify that Ethernet cables and connections
are good.
• Two DE-9F RS232 ports. Serial baud rates from 300 to 115,200 are supported. HiPR-900 units
are factory set (default) for 115,200 b/s, 8 bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit.
• The antenna connector for the transceiver is a female 50-ohm TNC type. The HiPR-900 is de-
signed to operate with an antenna having a maximum gain of 10 dBi. Transmitting antennas with
higher gain are strictly prohibited (FCC and Industry Canada).
• One TNC-type female antenna connector for the PD receiver (RX antenna used may be of higher-
gain than the RX/TX antenna)
Note: PD receiver is exclusive to the full-featured HiPR-900 version. RX antenna connector will not appear on HiPR-900S version (Figure 4 right).
• One right-angle power connector. The 10 to 30 VDC wide-range switching power supply permits
powering from 12 volt as well as 24 volt systems, and the high-efficiency switching design runs
cooler with less loss. The HiPR-900 can be supplied power at its DC input (10-30V) or its PoE
input; the DC input is given priority. The unit will switch between power sources according to the
transition table below. This minimizes the load on PoE Ethernet switches while allowing them to
possibly act as a backup to the local power supply.
Table 2 - States & Transitions of PoE Input versus DC Input
ABSENT
Draws
power from
DC
Shuts down
Off
Starts up
APPLY
No effect
Restarts
Starts up
Starts up
DC Input
(10-30V)
States &
Transitions
PRESENT
REMOVE
ABSENT
APPLY
PRESENT
Draws
power from
DC
Restarts
Draws
power from
PoE
May
restart
REMOVE
No effect
Shuts down
Shuts down
Restarts
Note: Area shading identifies the steady states
001-5099-000 HiPR-900 User Manual
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3.1 LEDS
HiPR-900 has five dual-color LED indicators. Their functions are shown in Table 3.
Tabl e 3 - HiPR-900 LEDs indi cations
LED Color Definition
ACT Green Data transmission or reception activity – Off if no activity
LINK
Tx / Rx
SYNC
PWR
* Unit will reset (similar to power input recycling) 5 minutes after self-test hardware error is
detected (only done at Power ON).
Note:
Power LED steadily lit red or flashing red will require factory repair. Power LED flashing green will
require factory repair only if the unit is unable to transport traffic. Refer to section 1.4.1, RMA
REQUEST for mandatory factory repair procedure.
Green Connection OK, no collision
Amber Connection OK, with collision
Green Data reception activity
Amber Data transmission activity
Red Receive CRC error or incomplete packet
Green
Red
Green
Amber (at boot-up) Normal (approx 5 secs)
Amber Application failure
Red
Flashing red = Power ON Self-test hardware error detection*
Remote/Repeater: In sync with Master
Master: Normal
Remote/Repeater: Loss of Master sync
Steady red = Master failure
Steady green = Normal
Flashing green = Driver error
Steady red = Hardware failure
3.2 User Connector Pin-outs
3.2.1 Ethernet LAN Port
Table 4 - Pin-out for IEEE-802.3af RJ-45 receptacle contacts
Contact 10/100Base-T signal
1 TXP
2 TXN
3 RXP
4 SPARE +
5 SPARE +
6 RXN
7 SPARE 8 SPARE -
SHELL Shield
(1) The name shows the default function. Given the auto-MDIX capability of the Ethernet transceiver,
TX and RX function could be swapped.
Note:
The HiPR-900 unit accepts PoE over the cable spare conductors and/or Data baring conductors as
follows:
Spare conductors: pins [4,5] as (+) or (-), pins [7,8] as the other polarity
Data baring conductors: in common mode, pins [1,2] as (+) or (-), pins [3,6] as the other polarity
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
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3.2.2 SETUP & COM Ports
For serial ports considerations:
• HiPR-900 radio modem is a DCE
• Equipment connected to the HiPR-900 SETUP / COM serial port is a DTE
Table 5 - Pin-out for DCE J11A & B, 9-contact DE-9 connector
Contact EIA-232F Function Signal Direction
1 DCD DTE
2 RXD DTE
3 TXD DTE
(1)
4
DTR DTE
5 GND DTE --- DCE
(2)
6
DSR DTE
(3)
7
RTS DTE
8 CTS DTE
9 RING
(1) Depends on connection control mode
(2) Always keeps DSR asserted
(3) Ignores status of RTS (internally always asserted)
(4) For future use
(4)
DTE --- DCE
Í
Í
Î
Î
Í
Î
Í
DCE
DCE
DCE
DCE
DCE
DCE
DCE
DCD (pin 1) handling by HiPR UART
• Asserts the DCD signal while sending data on the UART
• Negates the DCD signal when it no longer has data queued up for TX on the UART
DTR (Data Terminal Ready) (pin 4) signal handling by HiPR UART - Depends on the serial port's connection control mode.
The connection control mode dictates how the HiPR establishes/breaks the connection (referred
to as "session") between the HiPR serial ports and the selected HiPR service (CLI, Serial/RF
bridge, Online Diagnostics, etc.)
• Permanent (3-wire) connection control - In this mode, the session is permanently established, so
the HiPR ignores the status of the DTR signal.
• Switched (DTR bringup/teardown) connection control - In this mode, the HiPR monitors the sta-
tus of the DTR signal.
- Upon DTR assertion: the session in established (bringup) phase
- Upon DTR negation: the session in closed (teardown) phase
CTS (Clear to Send) (pin 8) signal handling by the HiPR UART
• If CTS-based flow control is not used, always asserts CTS
• If CTS-based flow control is used:
♦ Asserted – If level of unprocessed data in internal RX buffers is below a threshold watermark
♦ Negated – If level of unprocessed data in internal RX buffers is above a threshold watermark
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4. Browser-Based Interface
A built-in web server makes configuration and status monitoring possible from any browser-equipped
computer, either locally or remotely. Status, configuration, and online help are available without requiring
special client software. Setup is password-protected to avoid tampering or unauthorized changes.
Both the configuration parameters and operating firmware can be updated remotely, even over the RF
network itself, using the standard File Transfer Protocol (FTP).
Navigator Frame
Main Frame
Figure 5 - Web Interface
4.1 Interface Setup and Status
The HiPR-900 user interface is used to configure and view your network settings. Figure 5 shows the
welcome screen of the Web Interface. The screen is subdivided in two frames: the frame on the left allows
the user to navigate through the menus, while the main frame on the right displays the selected page. The
menu system is two-leveled; some of the top-level menus expand to offer submenus. The Site Map link
can be found right below the menus on the navigator pane. Help is available for each page displayed in
the main frame. It can be accessed at all times by clicking the Help icon. The remaining buttons on the
bottom of the Navigator frame are used to save your configurations and reset the unit. Refer to section 6
for details on HiPR-900 user interface operation and configuration.
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5. Network Applications
HiPR-900 is suited to a variety of point-to-point, point-to-multipoint, and complex topology applications.
This section gives an overview of some common configurations.
5.1 Operating Modes
Any HiPR-900 unit can be configured to operate in master, remote, or repeater mode.
Note: master and repeater operating modes are exclusive to the full-featured HiPR-900 version.
Within a HiPR network, one unit has to be configured as a master that the remotes synchronize to. It can
be any unit in a system but is normally the one considered the base unit for coverage and support reasons.
Selection of operating modes, IP forwarding modes as well as data delivery conditions is done using the
web browser.
Note:
Only one radio model is needed because any full-featured HiPR-900 unit can be configured for
bridge or router mode, router gateway (access point), remote station, or even as a combined
store-and-forward remote with a local drop.
5.1.1 Master mode (exclusive to the full-featured HiPR-900 version)
A unit in master mode is the RF network sync master, the HiPR-900 unit dedicated to controlling the
network to changing channels as per FCC 15.247 rules.
5.1.2 Remote mode
A unit in remote mode is a HiPR-900 unit that follows the master’s lead for changing channels.
5.1.3 Repeater Mode (exclusive to the full-featured HiPR-900 version)
By setting a unit to repeater mode, it becomes possible to extend the coverage of a HiPR-900 network
without requiring back to back repeaters. A unit in repeater mode follows the master’s lead for changing
channels and repeats sync for distant units. A unit in repeater mode acts as a remote that always repeats
sync, repeats directed traffic in router mode, and optionally repeats broadcast traffic.
5.2 IP Forwarding Modes
5.2.1 Bridge mode
Bridge mode provides for fast set-up. IP bridging allows for quick deployment of basic point-to-point and
point-to-multipoint networks with minimal configuration to all units on a same network. Bridge mode
carries ARP and is transparent to any IP-based or IP-encapsulated protocols. In Bridge mode, packets received from the Ethernet interface of a unit are passed over the RF interface so that all other units in the
system can receive the packets. Although Bridge mode is simpler to configure, the router mode is more
efficient in filtering out unwanted traffic over the RF.
5.2.2 Router mode (exclusive to the full-featured HiPR-900 version)
Used in advanced networks, router mode enables OIP optimization for reduced overhead and improved
throughput, and supports more complex network topologies such as store-and-forward and multi-hop
links. In router mode, packets are routed from one unit to the other with the help of the IP routing tables
inside each unit.
001-5099-000 HiPR-900 User Manual
12
NOTE:
IP Forwarding mode must be the same on all units in a given network. Figure 6 illustrates an ex-
ample of a network where a master is a full-featured version of the HiPR-900 unit and remotes
are HiPR-900S units. Such network is functional in bridge mode only.
Figure 6- Network Application Example
5.3 Connections
The connections required are shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8 below and on the next page. While serial
and/or Ethernet RTU or PLC are shown in the diagrams, master stations often use a PC running an application designed to communicate with remote RTUs or PLCs, or intelligent controllers.
Figure 7 shows a common connection scenario. The TX/RX antenna is required for basic operation. The
power connection allows for a wide range of input DC power, whether the user system is a nominal 12 or
24 VDC supply system. A setup PC can be connected via the serial port, allowing for setup and configuration of the HiPR-900 as well as local and remote diagnostics. It may be left connected at all times but is
not required for normal operation once the unit has been configured. The Ethernet port allows end users
Ethernet-capable RTU or PLC to be connected.
Note: PD (RX) Antenna connector is exclusive to the full-featured HiPR-900 version.
PD (RX)
Antenna
TX/RX
Antenna
10-30 VDC
PWR Input
Setup PC
Figure 7 - Basic Setup
User’s Ethernet
RTU or PLC
Figure 8 shows the various connection opportunities for the HiPR-900 radio modem. The TX/RX antenna
is required for basic operation. The second RX (PD) antenna (exclusive to the full-featured HiPR-900 ver-
001-5099-000 HiPR-900 User Manual
13
sion) allows for the use of the Parallel decode technology, increasing receive capability by having a higher gain receive antenna separate from the rule-limited transmit antenna.
PoE allows for powering the HiPR-900 via the Ethernet port. A PoE power injector is required (DRL part
number 250-5099-001). The switch or hub allows for a local Ethernet connection by the user’s PC for the
purpose of set-up, troubleshooting and diagnostics and avoids the need to disconnect Ethernet RTU or
PLC. The two serial ports of the HiPR-900 can be setup to allow connections to legacy equipment such as
serial RTUs and PLCs.
5.4 Selectable Data Rates
Switchable data rates of 256 or 512 Kbps allow optimizing installations for highest throughput or maximum range. The sophisticated DSP modem gives optimal performance in either mode, whether a shortrange LAN extension or long-range link.
Power Supply
PD(RX)
Switch or
Hub
PoE
RJ-45
PWR &DAT
RJ-45
DATA
User’s Ethernet
RTU or PLC #1
A
Antenna
Figure 8 - Setup using Switch (or Hub) and PoE power injector
TX/RX
Antenna
User’s Serial
RTU or PLC #1
User’s Serial
RTU or PLC #2
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5.5 Network Topology
5.5.1 One Coverage Area
Shown below are typical point-to-point and point- to-multipoint connections between HiPR-900 units.
See Figure 9 and Figure 10. In a network topology with only a single coverage area (all units can talk to
one another directly), one unit is chosen to be configured as a master and the rest are configured as remotes. The connections indicated allow for either Ethernet or serial interfaces. The Ethernet connection
provides Ethernet IP connectivity for network devices. In bridge mode, all the network devices are on the
same IP Subnet. In router mode, the Ethernet connection on master unit and the remote(s) use different IP
Subnets. A hub or switch may be used to allow multiple Ethernet devices to connect to the HiPR-900.
Serial connections are transparent pass-through connections, allowing the use of legacy serial devices in
the HiPR-900 environment.
Note: Master operating mode is exclusive to the full-featured HiPR-900 version.
Host PC
Master
HiPR-900
Host PC
Master
HiPR-900
Ethernet Connection
RS-232 Serial Connection
Ethernet Connection
RS-232 Serial Connection
or
or
Figure 9 - Point-to-Point IP N etwork System
HiPR-900
HiPR-900
Figure 10 - Point-to-Multipoint System
Ethernet Connection
RS-232 Serial Connection
Ethernet Connection
-
Remote
Remote
Remote
HiPR-900
Remote
HiPR-900
or
or
RTU
PLC
RTU
PLC
RTU
PLC
RTU
PLC
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5.5.2 Extending the coverage area
When units are spread over two RF coverage areas, the user needs to identify the one that will form the
backbone between the coverage areas so that any unit can talk to any other one regardless of their locations. Identifying the backbone of the network should be done even before selecting IP Forwarding modes
(Router/Bridge). Configuring the units to function in two coverage areas is a multi-step procedure. First,
since all units in the network must be synchronized with the master unit, it is imperative to identify a unit
that will be repeating the master sync for all distant units. This unit must be set to Repeater mode (see
section 5.5.2.1). Next, the unit forming the backbone between the coverage areas must be configured to
repeat all necessary information from one coverage area to the next. This unit is considered to be Broadcast Relay Point unit and must have Broadcast Relay Point parameter enabled (see 5.5.2.2). By default, a
unit is not considered a Broadcast Relay Point.
5.5.2.1 Repeater Mode: Keeping your network in Sync
(Exclusive to the full-featured HiPR-900 version)
In a network topology with more than one coverage area, units that are not directly reachable by the master unit have to be synchronized through Repeater units. See example of a network topology with two RF
coverage areas (Figure 11). Refer to section 6.7.2 for parameter setting. All units in the extended network
must operate with the same network system ID. Site the repeater so it can easily hear a master and the
distant unit site using the standard RF link budget rules.
RF Coverage 2
RF Coverage 1
Master
Remote #1
Figure 11 - Two RF Coverage Areas
Repeater
Remote #2
5.5.2.2 Broadcast Relay Point: Relaying information to distant units
Units forming the backbone between the coverage areas are called Broadcast Relay Point units. These
units will perform the necessary repeating of information from one coverage area to the next. In the example in Figure 12, Master and Remote #1 cannot reach directly Remote #2. They must pass by Repeater
unit to get to Remote #2. The backbone between the two coverage areas will consist of the Repeater unit,
which must be declared a Broadcast Relay Point unit. The backbone is represented by the grayed out
section.
Master
Repeater
Relay Point
Remote #2
Remote #1
Figure 12 - Simple backbone
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The network may be further expanded (example Figure 13) to allow for additional remote units.
Remote #2
Master
Relay Point
Remote #1
Figure 13 - Expanded Network
Notes:
Repeater unit extends Master sync and unicast data
Relay Point unit extends broadcast data
Master unit can be located anywhere in the network
u
Remote #4
Remote #3
Repeater
Remote #5
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6. Operation & Configuration
Instructions and examples given in this manual are based on HiPR-900 operating software version at the
time of writing this document and may not apply to earlier or later software versions. Screen captures
used throughout this document may vary from actual screens.
6.1 LAN Setup
Check that DC power is applied to the HiPR-900 radio modem (PoE or PWR input). On a PC running
MS-Windows with an existing LAN connection, connect to the RJ-45 input of the HiPR-900. Set-up PC
as follows:
1. Click Start Î Control Panel Î Network Connections
2. Click on the relevant Local Area Connection
3. On the Local Area Connection Status screen, click Properties
4. On the Local Area Connection Properties screen, scroll the List Box until “Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP)” is highlighted, click Properties
5. On the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties screen, follow either method below:
A) Select “Obtain an IP address automatically”
B) Select “Use the following IP address” Î Enter 192.168.204.254 in the IP address field Î
255.255.255.0 in the Subnet mask ÎLeave the Default gateway blank.
6. Click the OK button
Note: Certain Operating Systems require rebooting to complete the connection process.
6.2 Default IP Settings
• Default Operating mode is Remote
• Default IP Forwarding mode is Bridge
• Time Division Duplex (TDD) RF protocol is enabled by default
6.2.1 Ethernet Interface
• MAC: 00:0A:99:XX:YY:ZZ
• IP ADDR: 192.168.204.1
• NETMASK: 255.255.255.0
• Default Gateway: 0.0.0.0
• DHCP Server Enabled
6.2.2 RF Interface
• MAC: 00:XX:YY:ZZ
• IP ADDR: 10.XX.YY.ZZ
• NETMASK: 255.0.0.0
• TCP Proxy Disabled
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y
y
r
Notes:
RF Interface IP settings are irrelevant in bridge mode.
XX:YY:ZZ refer to lower three bytes of Ethernet MAC address
6.3 IP Network Settings
For Advanced IP Settings, web interface screen captures, and descriptions, see section 6.7.
6.3.1 Factory Settings in Bridge Mode
Referring to Figure 14, set one of the HiPR-900 as a Master for a basic Bridge network.
In the illustration, Host and RTU are part of the same IP subnet and IP addresses of HiPR-900
units are irrelevant in Bridge mode setup.
HiPR-900 Master
DHCP Server
HiPR-900 Remote
DHCP Server
Eth1 IP: 192.168.204.1
MASK: 255.255.255.0
Host
IP: 172.30.1.1
MASK: 255.255.255.0
Figure 14 - Factory IP Network Settings in Bridge Mode with no services
Compression
ption
Encr
RF Network
Compression
ption
Encr
Eth1 IP: 192.168.204.1
MASK: 255.255.255.0
RTU
IP: 172.30.1.2
MASK: 255.255.255.0
6.3.2 IP Network Settings in Bridge Mode
Referring to Figure 15, set one of the HiPR-900 as a Master. Set the IP addresses and IP netmask.
In the illustration, Host, RTU, HiPR Master, and Remote are part of the same IP subnet. This setup not only acts as a transparent Bridge but also provides IP Services (web pages, Terminal
Server, FTP etc…).
HiPR-900 Maste
DHCP Server
Eth1 IP: 172.30.1.3
MASK: 255.255.255.0
RF IP: Unused
MASK: Unused
RF IP: Unused
MASK: Unused
HiPR-900 Remote
DHCP Server
Eth1 IP: 172.30.1.4
MASK: 255.255.255.0
Host
IP: 172.30.1.1
MASK: 255.255.255.0
Figure 15 - IP Network Settings in transparent Bridge Mode with services
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RF Network
MASK: 255.255.255.0
19
RTU
IP: 172.30.1.2
6.3.3 IP Network Settings in Router Mode (with Host)
(Exclusive to the full-featured HiPR-900 version)
Referring to Figure 16, set one of the HiPR-900 as a Master. Set the Router mode on the Master and Remote. Set the Eth1 IP addresses and IP netmask of both Master and Remote.
Keep the RF IP setting as is if not using the 10.0.0.0 IP network on your Intranet.
Enable the Dynamic Registration on both Master and Remote.
Add routes in the Host (route add…) and add Default Gateway to RTU
HiPR-900 Master
Dynamic Registration
DHCP Server
HiPR-900 Remote
Dynamic Registration
DHCP Server
Eth1 IP: 172.30.1.2
MASK: 255.255.255.0
MASK: 255.255.255.0
route add 172.30.2.0 mask 255.255.255.0 172.30.1.2
route add 10.0.0.0 mask 255.0.0.0 172.30.1.2
RF IP: 10.x.y.z
MASK: 255.0.0.0
RF Network
Host
IP: 172.30.1.1
RF IP: 10.a.b.c
MASK: 255.0.0.0
Eth1 IP: 172.30.2.1
MASK: 255.255.255.0
RTU
IP: 172.30.2.2
MASK: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway: 172.30.2.1
In the illustration, Host and RTU are part of different IP subnet.
Figure 16 - IP Network Settings in Router Mode (with Host)
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S
S
0
6.3.4 IP Network Settings in Router Mode (with Router)
(Exclusive to the full-featured HiPR-900 version)
Referring to Figure 17, set one of the HiPR-900 as a Master. Set the Router mode on all units. Set the
Eth1 IP addresses and IP netmask of both Master and Remote.
Keep the RF IP setting as is if not using the 10.0.0.0 IP network on your Intranet.
Enable the Dynamic Registration on both Master and Remote.
Add Default Gateway to the RTU
Enable RIPv2 on Master
HiPR-900 Master
Dynamic Registration
RIPv2 / DHCP Server
Eth1 IP: 172.30.1.2
K: 255.255.255.0
MA
RF IP: 10.x.y.z
MASK: 255.0.0.0
RF IP: 10.a.b.c
MASK: 255.0.0.0
HiPR-900 Remote
Dynamic Registration
DHCP Server
Eth1 IP: 172.30.2.1
K: 255.255.255.
MA
Router (RIPv2)
IP: 172.30.1.1
MASK: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway: 172.30.2.1
RTU
IP: 172.30.2.2
MASK: 255.255.255.0
In the illustration, Host and RTU are part of different IP subnet.
Figure 17 - IP Network Settings in Router Mode (with Router)
6.3.5 IP Network Settings in a Network with Repeater Unit
(Exclusive to the full-featured HiPR-900 version)
In router mode of operation, the RF network must be seen as a single IP network. All RF IP interfaces of
all units must be part of the same IP network. All Ethernet IP interface of all units must be part of a distinct IP network (unless NAT is enabled).
HiPR-900 Master
Dynamic Registration
Eth 1 IP: 172 .30. 1.2
MASK : 255 .255 .255 .0
Host
IP: 172 .30 .1.1
MASK : 255 .255 .255 .0
Route add 10 .0.0 .0 mask 255 .0.0 .0 172 .30. 1.2
Route add 172 .30 .2.0 mask 255 .255 .255 .0 172 .30. 1.2
Route add 172 .30 .3.0 mask 255 .255 .255 .0 172 .30. 1.2
RF IP : 10 .x.y.z
MASK: 255 .0.0.0
HiPR-900 Repeater
Dynamic Registration
RF IP : 10 .a.b.c
MASK: 255.0.0.0
Eth 1 IP: 172 .30.2 .1
MASK : 255 .255 .255 .0
RTU
IP: 172 .30.2 .2
MASK : 255 .255 .255 .0
Default Gateway : 172 .30. 2.1
HiPR- 900 Remote
Dynamic Registration
RF IP : 10.d.e .f
MASK: 255 .0.0.0
Eth 1 IP: 172 .30. 3.1
MASK : 255 .255 .255 .0
RTU
IP: 172 .30 .3.2
MASK : 255 .255 .255 .0
Default Gateway : 172 .30 .3.1
Figure 18 - IP Network Settings in Router Mode (with Repeater)
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In Bridge mode, the IP settings of the RF interface are not needed. All Ethernet IP interfaces of all units
must be part of the same IP network (if access to the units is required).
Eth1 IP: 172.30.1.2
MASK: 255.255.255.0
Host
IP: 172.30.1.1
MASK: 255.255.255.0
HiPR -900 Master
RF IP: unused
RF Mask: un used
HiPR -900 Repeater
RF IP: unused RF IP: unused
Eth1 IP: 172.30.1.3
MASK: 255.255.255.0
RTU
IP: 172.30.1.10
MASK: 255.255.255.0
RF Mask: un usedRF Mask: un used
Figure 19 - IP Network Settings in Bridge Mode (with Repeater)
HiPR -900 Remote
Eth1 IP: 172.30.1.4
MASK: 255.255.255.0
IP: 172.30.1.11
MASK: 255.255.255.0
RTU
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6.4 Login Screen
On your Internet browser address line, type the factory-default IP address given to all HiPR-900 radio
modem units: 192.168.204.1. Press Enter. The Enter Network Password screen opens.
Figure 20 - Enter Network Password screen (appearance may vary with browser used)
6.4.1 Initial Installation Login
For an initial installation, enter a User Name of 1 to 15 characters and the default Password
ADMINISTRATOR (upper case letters). Click OK. The web interface “Welcome” screen (Figure 21)
opens together with the “Attention” sub-window.
192.168.204.1
Dataradio recommends immediately running the Setup Wizard. Once completed, proceed to change the
HiPR-900 radio modem login password as detailed in section 6.7.4.1 below. Do not lose the new password! Should the password be lost, you will need to contact Dataradio support as detailed in section 1.3
earlier.
For subsequent access to the HiPR-900 unit, use the User Name and Password that you will have configured.
Note:
The User Name entry is currently not an access-limiting factor. It only serves to identify the person gaining access. User Name may be required by future versions.
6.5 Web Interface
Important note: Record all original HiPR-900 factory settings for possible future use.
Note: It is always possible to restore factory settings through the web interface (see section 6.7.6.2).
The HiPR-900 web user interface is used to configure and view your network settings. To navigate, use
the nine top-level menus on the left, five of which expand to offer submenus.
Note: Screen captures used throughout this document may vary slightly from actual screens.
6.5.1 Apply, Cancel, Save Config, and Reset Unit
Several submenus have “Apply” and “Cancel” buttons.
The navigation area has “Save Config” and Reset Unit” buttons.
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When making an entry into a dialog box, click on Apply when satisfied to temporarily apply the value(s)
entered to the relevant parameter(s). If not satisfied, click on Cancel button to restore to the value(s)
present before a change was made.
Note: Cancel command only affects the dialog boxes or radio buttons in the opened window
Figure 21 - Web User Interface – Welcome Screen
Figure 22 - Attention sub-window
If needed, go to other Submenu(s) and make more entries. Click Apply before leaving each window.
When finished, click the Save Config button to make all changed entries permanent.
Notes:
“Apply” writes to RAM, thus failure to use the “Apply” command button before leaving a web
page will result in the loss of temporarily entered selections, addresses, and values.
“Save Config” writes in flash, thus failure to use the “Save Config” command button will result
in the loss of temporarily entered parameters. A “Reset” is required to make flash changes take
effect.
Use the Save Config command button before doing a Reset Unit otherwise temporarily entered parameters would be lost.
Click on Save Config button:
• If there are changes to be saved, saving occurs automatically.
• If there are no changes to be saved, a sub-window prompts user to confirm saving.
Click on “Reset Unit” button:
• If there are changes to be saved, a sub-window prompts user to confirm resetting.
• If there are no changes to be saved, resetting occurs automatically.
A “Station Reset” 20-second timer counts down while the status reports: “Working…”When done, the
status reports: “Ready”
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6.6 Setup Wizard (Bridge Mode)
Four pages of the quick setup wizard have buttons to “Apply your changes” or to “Cancel your changes”
during the setup process. Once all five pages are done, use the “Save Config” and the “Reset Unit” buttons to make parameter settings permanent.
If a change is made to any parameter marked: you will need to do a “Save Config” and a “Reset
Unit” in order for the change to take effect.
6.6.1 Procedure
1. Select “Setup Wizard” on the top-level menu list, or
click the link on the “Attention” sub-window (Figure
22) above.
2. On step one (Figure 23) of the Setup Wizard, read
the on-screen instructions. Once the Operating mode
is selected, click Apply Your Changes. Wait for the
Progress bar activity to stop (right side of the Status
bar). Click on Proceed to Next Step. If no change is
made to the Operating mode, click on Proceed to
Next Step.
3. On step two (Figure 24) of the Setup Wizard, read
the on-screen instructions. Once the System ID is
entered, click Apply Your Changes. Wait for the
Progress bar activity to stop (right side of the Status
bar). Click on Proceed to Next Step. If no change is
made to the System ID dialog box, click on Proceed
to Next Step.
Figure 23 - Setup Wizard - Step One
Figure 24 - Setup Wizard - Step Two
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4. On step three (Figure 25) of the Setup Wizard,
read the on-screen instructions. Once the Encryption Pass Phrase is entered, note the Encryption
Key. Click Apply Your Changes. Wait for the
Progress bar activity to stop (right side of the
Status bar). Click on Proceed to Next Step. If no
change is made to the Encryption dialog box,
click on Proceed to Next Step.
Important: Be sure to record your encryption
pass phrase for future reference.
Figure 25 - Setup Wizard - Step Three
5. On Step 4 (Figure 26) of the Setup Wizard, read
the on-screen instructions. Once the IP Address
and Network Mask are entered (optional at this
point), click Apply Your Changes. Wait for the
Progress bar activity to stop (right side of the
Status bar). Click on Proceed to Next Step. If no
changes are made to the IP dialog boxes, click
on Proceed to Next Step.
Fig-
ure 26 - Setup Wizard - Step Four
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6. On step five of the Setup Wizard, read the on-screen
instructions (Figure 27).
Click one of the “Save Config” buttons. Wait for the
Progress bar activity to stop.
The status reports “Success”. Click on “Reset Unit”
button. Wait for the Progress bar activity to stop. A
“Station Reset” 20-second timer counts down while
the status reports “Working…”.When done, the status reports “Ready”.
Note: The Setup Wizard configurations are for
Bridge mode only. If in router mode, click the
“Switch to Bridge mode” button and follow the instructions below (Figure 28).
Figure 27 - Setup Wizard - Step Five (Bridge Mode)
Fig-
ure 28 - Setup Wizard –Step Five (Switch to Bridge mode)
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6.7 Basic and Advanced Parameter Settings
6.7.1 Unit Status
6.7.1.1 Unit Status
Item Description
Banner
Variant
Station Name
System ID
Local Time
Operating mode
IP Forwarding mode
Figure 29 - Unit Status
Displays HiPR-900 software revision information retrieved from the connected unit.
Have this information handy if contacting Dataradio support.
The Banner fields are deciphered as following:
HiPR-900: Product name
FHSS (Frequency Hopping
Spread Spectrum):
900 Band(s) of operation
PROD
V2.8
R190
Displays Product Variant when different from full-featured HiPR-900 version:
Standard for HiPR-900S
Displays name of the connected unit.
Configured under Setup Basic Î General Î Station Name
Displays System’s unique identification number
Configured under Setup Basic Î General Î System ID
Displays time of configured time zone computed using UTC time and configured Time
Zone (If SNTP is enabled)
Displays operating mode (Remote Master or Repeater)
Configured under Setup Basic Î General Î Operating Mode
Displays IP forwarding mode (Bridge or Router)
Configured under Setup Basic Î General Î IP Forwarding Mode
Protocol Name
Production build
Vx.y Major.minor version number
Rxx Sequential Package Release Build
Number
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Item(cont’d)
Sync Status For remote and repeater units - Displays unit sync status in relation to Master
Temperature Displays unit’s internal temperature
Power Source Indicates voltage input used: “Power over Ethernet “or “DC input”
Summary report of hardware error checking at Power ON self-test. Works in conjunc-
tion with the front panel Power LED (flashing red). Displayed sentence always starts
with “HW failure…”. Unit will reset (as if power was cycled) 5 minutes after a self-test
error is detected.
H/W Status
Homologation
Clear H/W Status
Flash Power LED
Summary report of driver error detection. Works in conjunction with the front panel
Power LED (flashing green). Unit will not reset.
For both types of reports, have the displayed H/W Status message (or combination of
messages) handy if contacting Dataradio support. Also required if returning unit for
service under RMA.
Factory-set. Shows the territory the unit has been configured for operation and approved by the appropriate governmental authority.
Informational display: North America, New Zealand, or Australia
Button allowing user to acknowledge and clear errors.
Errors remain stored, even after cycling power, to aid in troubleshooting intermittent
faults. Press the “Clear H/W Status” button to return web page displays and Power LED
function to normal operation.
Button allowing user to assure that he/she is setting up the correct unit.
Press “Flash Power LED” button to see the power LED flash on this unit for 30
seconds.
Description
6.7.2 Setup (Basic)
6.7.2.1 Setup (General)
Figure 30 - Setup (Basic) General -full-featured HiPR-900 (left), HiPR-900S (right)
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Item Description
Station Name Station name identifier – Enter string up to forty characters in length
Factory default ID is zero. Dataradio recommends, for security reasons, changing it to
System ID
Operating mode
IP Forwarding mode
Bridge Forwarding
Broadcast Relay Point
some other value unique to each HiPR-900 network thus preventing collision.
Upper limit is 16,382
Master (exclusive to the full-featured HiPR90 version) /Repeater (exclusive to the fullfeatured HiPR90 version)/Remote
Within a HiPR network, one unit has to be configured as a Master that the remotes
synchronize to. It can be any unit in a system but is normally the one considered the
base unit for coverage and support reasons. By setting a unit to repeater mode, it
becomes possible to extend the coverage of a HiPR-900 network without requiring
back to back repeaters. A unit in repeater mode follows the Master’s lead for changing
channels and repeats sync for distant units. Otherwise, it operates as a Remote.
Bridge / Router (exclusive to the full-featured HiPR90 version)– Defaults to Bridge
mode. Use Router for more advanced IP configurations.
By default, the HiPR-900 only forwards IP and ARP packets (Ethernet II types: 0x0800,
0x0806) By selecting the “Everything” setting, the HiPR-900 will forward all 802.3
Ethernet II packets types. Use this setting to transport protocols such as IPX, 802.1Q,
etc.
Note that the “Everything” option is not available in router mode.
Enabled/Disabled (default)
For units that are spread over multiple RF coverage areas, the user needs to identify
the ones that will form the backbone between the coverage areas so that any unit can
talk to any other unit in the network regardless of their locations. The units that are
forming the backbone between the coverage areas are called Relay Point units. Enabling this parameter will force the unit to repeat all necessary information from one
coverage area to the next.
6.7.2.1.1 Forwarding Mode
Selection of the forwarding mode should be done early on in the setup process. This section will help the
user to identify the most appropriate forwarding mode for their application.
In general, bridge mode will transmit all traffic to all units in the network; unicast, broadcast, and multicast packets are flooded through the network by the Relay Point units. While in router mode, unicast
packets are routed through the system by the IP stack. Broadcast and Multicast packets are flooded
through the system by the Relay Point units. IP Forwarding mode selection depends on user’s requirements and applications. Table 6 below gives a brief outline of advantages and disadvantages of each
mode.
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Table 6 - IP Forwarding Modes
Bridge Mode
Does not block any broadcast or multicast traffic
Transparent bridge ; both IP and Non-IP protocols
are supported
Neighbor Management cannot be enabled Neighbor Management can be enabled
Multiple coverage areas are supported Multiple coverage areas are supported
Access Point (Default Gateway) cannot be enabled
RIPv2 cannot be enabled RIPv2 can be enabled
Exclusive to the full-featured HiPR-900 version)
(
Blocks and provides protection against broadcast
storms
Only IP protocol is supported
Access Point (Default Gateway) can be enabled if all
units in the network are operating in router mode
Router Mode
6.7.2.1.1.1 Router Mode (exclusive to the full-featured HiPR900 version)
In router mode, a unit detects the presence of other units with the help of the neighbor discovery module.
When a unit has detected the presence of another unit, it updates its IP routing table. A unit can learn
about any unit that is not directly reachable from a unit that is directly reachable.
Each unit keeps at most two paths to each destination. The primary path is the one with the least num-
ber of hops. If there is more than one route with the same number of hops, the newest one discovered
will be the primary route.
Note: The primary (least number of hops) path may not be the most RF reliable. The user can
toggle between the primary and backup paths.
The route that is flagged “Active” is used when installing the internal IP routes
The list of all neighbors for any given unit is display ed and accessible through the web-browser. The
user can manually switch the path to secondary route.
6.7.2.1.1.2 Bridge Mode
In Bridge mode of operation, each Unit repeats the traffic from its LAN interface to its RF interface and
vice versa (see Figure 31).
Host(B)
172.30.1.2/24
Unit(B)
ETH: 172.30.1.11/24
Host(A)
172.30.1.1/24
Unit(A)
ETH:172.30.1.10/24
Unit(C)
ETH:172.30.1.13/24
Host(C)
172.30.1.3/24
Figure 31 - Bridge Mode: Sample Setup with one coverage area
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6.7.2.2 Basic IP Configuration
Figure 32 - Setup (Basic) – Basic IP Configuration
Item Description
Enables the top three IP dialog boxes and disables the lower three. You may need to ask
Use fixed IP settings
Use DHCP Client
IP Address In “Use fixed IP settings” window, set to valid unique IP address for each individual unit
Netmask
Default Gateway
your network administrator for the appropriate IP settings.
See section 6.3 for further details.
To activate, select the “DHCP Client” radio button, click on the “Apply” button, click on
the “Save Config” button and reboot the Host PC. On restart, the top three dialog boxes
are disabled and the lower three read-only IP dialog boxes are populated with the IP settings automatically assigned (if your network supports the DHCP Server capability).
NOTE: Activating this option will reset the unit’s IP address. If your network supports the
DHCP Server capability, make sure the IP address assigned by the DHCP server will be
accessible to you. If your network does not support DHCP server capability, the unit will
be reset to a default (192.168.204.1) IP address within the first 5 minutes.
In “Use fixed IP settings” window, set to valid IP netmask for each individual unit (may be
same or different depending on customer’s IP network topology).
In “Use fixed IP settings” window, set to valid Default Gateway.
May change for different groups or locations.
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6.7.2.3 RF Setup
Item Description
Power Level
Airlink speed
Set power level between 20.0 dBm and 30.0 dBm (0.1 and 1.0 watt)
Default is 30.0 dBm
256kBits/S, 512kBit/S (Default) - Sets the maximum speed the HiPR-900 will use for
data packet transmissions. Slower speed preferred for longer range.
Figure 33 - Setup (Basic) – RF Setup
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6.7.2.4 Serial Ports Setup
Figure 34 - Setup (Basic) –Serial Port Setup
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Item Description
Enabled Independent check boxes to activate SETUP PORT and/or DATA/COM PORT
Speed
Data Bits
Stop Bits Mark the end of the serial port data type. Default is 1.
Parity Added to identify the sum of bits as odd or even. Default is None.
Flow Control Select None or CTS-based (RTU dependent)
Connection Control Select Permanent (3-wire) or Switched (DTR bringup/teardown) (RTU dependent)
IP Gateway Service
IP Gateway Transport
Local IP Address
Local IP Port
Remote IP Address
Remote IP Port
Select 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200 Baud Rate
Default is 115200 for SETUP port and 9600 for COM port
Number of bits making up the data word. Set according to Host configuration. Default is
8.
Select one of:
CLI Service (Command line interface)- RS-232 connection to Host PC
Access to the Command Line Interface command shell is password protected and is
reserved to authorized Dataradio maintenance personnel.
Serial/RF bridge – IP Gateway service using UDP transport protocol (baud rate = 9600)
Diagnostics – TCP/IP based RF diagnostics
Custom – Choosing Custom enables the IP Gateway Transport configuration
Default is CLI Service for SETUP port and Serial/RF bridge for COM port.
Available only if IP Gateway Service selection is Custom, choose the socket connection
mode from the drop-down list box choices of TCP Server, TCP Client, or UDP.
Valid unicast or multicast IP address, including the local Loopback interface address.
Default local IP address is set to 0.0.0.0 and can be changed dynamically without a unit
reset.
For TCP Client and UDP socket connections, set to any value between 1 and 65535.
For TCP Server socket connections, set to any value between 1 and 65535 but must not
be set to one of the following values or fall within the following ranges of values: 20, 21,
23, 123, 520, 5002, 6254 to 6299, 7000 to 7100. Otherwise, the parameter configuration
will be accepted, but no socket connection will be established to accept connection
from remote endpoints.
Default local port value for SETUP port is set to 1024 and can be changed dynamically
without a unit reset.
Default remote IP address is the Loopback interface address, 127.0.0.1 and can be
changed dynamically without a unit reset
For all socket connection modes (TCP passive, TCP active, UDP), set to any value between 1 and 65535.
Default local port value for SETUP port is 23 and can be changed dynamically.
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6.7.2.5 Diagnostics
Item Description
Number of packets before a packet delivers a diagnostic message. Default is 25.
Thinning Value
Using value of 1 may flood a network as each diagnostic message may also send a
diagnostic message.
For further Diagnostics details, see paragraph 6.7.2.5.1
Figure 35 - Diagnostics – Thinning value
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6.7.2.5.1 Diagnostic Connections
HiPR-900 units continually monitor and report on their environmental and operating conditions. The diagnostic information is in TCP format and is available via any telnet session to port 6272.
Transmission of online diagnostics may be enabled or disabled at any station or stations without affecting
their ability to communicate with other stations. Diagnostics can be sent anywhere, including being back
hauled. Back hauling adds to the network traffic flow and must be taken into account in designing a network. If a return flow is necessary, it needs to be reduced substantially to have a minimal effect on the
network as described in section 6.7.2.5.1.0.
The HiPR-900 radio modem can support up to 4 diagnostics socket connections at once. This may be
used, for instance, to carry out monitoring at a main office and at up to three separate field locations. It is
also possible that one of the four connections use a serial port instead by enabling it on the HiPR-900’s
web browser interface.
More information, statistics, and offline test facilities are available via the browser. RF paths can be monitored and checked from either end of a link, without traveling to the other station.
6.7.2.5.1.0 Parameter
Adjusting the return diagnostics flow is done via parameter. This parameter indicates that only one out of
every x packets delivered will generate an online diagnostic message. The “thinning value” can be adjusted using the web interface (see paragraph 6.7.2.5) and set as follows:
♦ 0 off
♦ 1 every packet delivers a diagnostics message
♦ 1000 every 1000th packet delivers a diagnostic message
6.7.2.5.1.1 Output Format
Output format is man / machine-readable, ASCII, comma-delimited format. Reader program used (or
written) must ensure to decode two
1
separate types of unit’s diagnostic output. This is to ensure that no
changes will be required to the user online diagnostic reader program when the HiPR-900 radio modem
gets updated. The types are distinguished by “type field”. At the present time there exist two types: type 3
and type 4. More types may be released in the future.
6.7.2.5.1.1.1 Type 3 outputs contain the following fields:
♦ Source MAC Address (Bridge mode): Hex numbers format [00:01:02:03]
or
Source IP Address (Router mode): Dotted decimal format
[111.222.333.444]
♦ Type of report: Decimal number (3) that identifies the report as a “type 3”.
♦ # of fields: Decimal number indicating number of comma-delimited fields to follow
♦ Thinning value: Number of data packets before a diagnostic message is delivered
1
Previous versions of the HiPR-900 radiomodem had only one “type field”-type 0. If working with a combination of cur-
rent and previous versions of HiPR-900 units, the Reader program used (or written) must ensure to decode three separate types of unit’s diagnostic output (type 0, 3, and 4). See Appendix 2 for more detail.
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♦ Flags: Hexadecimal without a leading “0x)
0 = DC input
1 = PoE input
1
2 = 5 °C from “Overtemp” alarm (for DC input)
3 = 5 °C from “Overtemp” alarm (for PoE input)1
♦ Volts: Decimal indications in decivolts when source is DC input (125 for 12.5V)
Decimal indication is a low number (typically 5) when source is PoE
♦ Temperature: Decimal internal unit temperature in Celsius degrees
♦ Packet error rate (or PER): 0 or negative decimal value
bad
good
⎞
⎟
See Figure 36 for details
⎟
⎠
⎛
⎜
log10
10
⎜
⎝
Thus, -51 is CRC error rate of 10
Table 7 - Simplified rating of output value representing Packet Error Rate (PER)
Basic
Incoming
Packets
Packet
Header
Validation
-5.1
(since reset or when net stats were cleared). See Table 7.
Value –10 Bad
Value –20 Mediocre
Value –30 Good
Value –40 Very Good
Value –50 Excellent
Valid
Not
Valid
32-Bit
CRC
“Bad” Packets Counts for
Packet Error Rate
“Good” Packets Counts for
Packet Error Rate
Figure 36 - Packets Counts for PER
1
The “overtemp” limit default is 80 °C
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6.7.2.5.1.1.2 Type 4 outputs contain the following fields:
♦ Source MAC Address (Bridge mode): Hex numbers format [00:01:02:03]
or
Source IP Address (Router mode): Dotted decimal format
[111.222.333.444]
♦ Type of report: Decimal number (4) that identifies the report as a “type 4”.
♦ # of fields: Decimal number indicating number of comma-delimited fields to follow
♦ Thinning value: Number of data packets before a diagnostic message is delivered
♦ Signal RSSI: Decimal level in calibrated dBm
♦ Background RSSI: Decimal level in calibrated dBm
♦ Forward power: Decimal indications in milliwatts
♦ Reverse power: Decimal indications in milliwatts
6.7.2.5.1.2 Output Samples
From command window, type telnet nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn 6272 and the unit’s diagnostic output
will display on screen (where nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn is your unit’s address in dot decimal format) (Thin-
ning value must not be zero).
Note:
No overhead is generated in the HiPR-900 unit if no online diagnostic connection is actually
made.
Sample output for bridge mode (no IP address available)
[00:00:03:89], 3, 5, 5, 0, 135, 33, 0
[00:00:03:09], 4, 5, 5, -75, -115, 990, 50
Sample output for router mode
[192.168.36.188], 3, 5, 10, 0, 127, 46, -42
[192.168.36.188], 4, 5, 10, -70, -107, 1000, 200
[192.168.36.204], 3, 5, 10, 0, 103, 42, -53
[192.168.36.204], 4, 5, 10, -70, -110, 1000, 200
Decoding the last two lines (see Table 8): unit is 192.168.36.204 IP address (in router mode), type of report is 3 for the first line, 4 for the second line, there are 5 fields to follow for both reports, 1/10 sampled
packets are output, DC input is used, Volts are 10.3, Internal temperature is 42°C, PER of 10
-5.3
, with a
carrier level of -70 dBm signal, an average background level of -110dBm, a forward power of 1000 milliwatts (1.0 watt), and a reverse power of 200 milliwatts (0.2 watt).
Note:
While the diagnostic messages are generated in pairs (i.e. type 4 output follows type 3 output), it
may appear as though they arrive in random order (i.e. type 3 output followed by another type 3
output) .
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Table 8 - Decoding Sample Output for Router Mode
Field
#
Type 3 Output
1 Source IP address
2 Report Type
3 Number of Fields to Follow
4
5 Flags
6 Voltage Level
7 Internal Temperature
8 PER
Type 4 Output
1 Source IP address
2 Report Type
3 Number of Fields to Follow
4
5 Signal RSSI
6 Background RSSI
7 Forward power
8 Reverse power
Number of data packets before a diagnostic
message is delivered
Number of data packets before a diagnostic
message is delivered
Field Name Sample Output Sample Output
[192.168.36.204]
3
5
10
0
103
42
-53
[192.168.36.204]
4
5
10
-70
-110
1000
200
Decoded
Unit’s IP address is
192.168.36.204
3
5
1/10 packets received will generate
a diagnostic message
DC input
10.3 V
42°C
-5.3
10
Unit’s IP address is
192.168.36.204
4
5
1/10 packets re-
ceived will generate
a diagnostic message
-70 dBm
-110 dBm
1000 mW (1.0 Watt)
200 mW (0.2 Watt)
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6.7.3 Setup (Advanced)
6.7.3.1 LAN (IP)
Figure 37 - Advanced IP Configuration - LAN (IP)
Item Description
MTU
MAC address Ethernet Interface MAC address in HEX format (factory-set).
Default IP Gateway Control
Ethernet Interface MTU - Default 1500 bytes. - Entering a value lower than 1500 may
reduce system performance. Range is 576 to 1500.
Disabled (Default), Enabled – Selects the unit that serves as the gateway between the
HiPR-900 units network and the outside network (management network). This unit is
also called the Access Point unit.
6.7.3.1.1 Access Point (Default Gateway)
When all units of a network are operating in router mode, the user can select one (and only one) of the
units to be the Access Point (the default gateway). This unit is considered the gateway to the management
network. All units will set their default route to point towards the access point unit. This is useful in some
settings where an internal host/device needs to access external networks that are not immediately connected to any one of the units on the network. Each unit knows how to reach any other unit on the internal
network, but if a packet is sent to an outside (external) network, by default the packet is sent towards the
Access Point Unit.
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6.7.3.2 RF (IP)
Figure 38 - Advanced IP Configuration - RF (IP)
Item Description
RF MAC Unit’s RF MAC address
Displays factory-assigned address: nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn “Factory”
RF IP Address
RF Net Mask Set to valid common IP netmask for all units within a HiPR network
RF MTU
Entering 0.0.0.0 sets the RF IP Address to the factory default and highlights the “Factory” name (active address)
Entering nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn (RF IP Address of your choice) overrides the
factory default and highlights the “Override” name (active address)
Default 1500. Range 100 to 1500 bytes. Entering a value lower than 1500
may reduce system performance.
Note:
Normally the parameters on this page are not changed except for RF MTU.
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6.7.3.3 IP Services Setup
Figure 39 - Advanced IP Configuration – IP Services Setup
Item Description
DHCP Server Disabled, Enabled (Default). The Dynamic Host Configuration Pro-
Server
Gateway
Lease Start Address
Lease Duration
Maximum number of leases Maximum number of DHCP client(s) a unit can serve
IPSD
NAT
RIPV2
tocol provides a framework for passing configuration information
E.g.: IP address to Hosts (i.e. PC/RTU) on a TCP/IP network.
IP addresses of the gateway assigned by the DHCP server. In router mode, the
default (preset) gateway is the IP address of the unit itself. In bridge mode, the
default (preset) gateway is 0.0.0.0. To override the default setting, select the
“Override” radio button and enter a valid IP address in the text field.
Pool of addresses allocated for DHCP purpose. If a unit is configured as DHCP
Server, this field represents the start IP address pool managed by the DHCP
Server. Normally, HiPR-900 automatically calculates the Lease Start Address
(equal to Ethernet IP Address plus one)
The period over which the IP Address allocated to a DHCP client is referred to as
a “lease”. Lease Duration is the amount entered in minutes
IP Services Delivery – Disabled, Enabled(Default)
Allows or disallows the generation of locally provided IP Services such as online
diagnostics etc…
Network Address Translation - Disabled(Default), Enabled (ETH hidden by
NAT)/Enabled (RF hidden by NAT)
NAT technology is a method by which IP addresses are mapped from one address space to another. In HiPR-900, it is normally used on the WAN side of an IP
network to hide local IP addresses from an external IP network (i.e. Internet)
On all HiPR-900 units, the user can select which one out of the two interfaces
(Ethernet or RF) will be considered private.
Router Information Protocol v2 - Disabled(Default), Enabled
RIPv2 is a dynamic IP routing protocol based on the distance vector algorithm
and is only used in Router mode.
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Item (Cont’d) Description
Simple Network Management Protocol-Disabled, Enabled (Default)
SNMP provides means to monitor, collect, and analyze diagnostic information.
Trap IP List
SNMP
MIB
To add an address to the Trap IP List:
Select Add and type the new IP address to be added to the read-only Trap IP List.
The window will expand downward to show all addresses in the list.
To delete an address from the Trap IP List:
Select Delete and type the IP address to be deleted from the read-only Trap IP
List.
Management Information Base -used to assemble and interpret SNMP messages.
The Dataradio HiPR-900 MIB is bundled with each unit's firmware. Click "Download mibs.zip" and a pop-up dialog box will appear in your browser asking you to
open or save the file to your PC. Save the zip file to a desired location. Unzip the
contents of mibs.zip file to a location where your SNMP manager can find it.
Note: SNMP must be enabled in order for the host PC SNMP manager to work.
6.7.3.3.1 SNMP Overview
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is used by network management systems to manage and
monitor network-attached devices. SNMP is based on the manager/agent model consisting of a manager,
an agent, a database of management information, managed objects, and the network protocol. The manager provides the interface between the human network manager and the management system. The agent
provides the interface between the manager and the physical devices being managed (Figure 40). SNMP
uses basic messages (such as GET, GET-NEXT, SET, and TRAP) to communicate between the manager
and the agent.
Management System Managed Element
MANAGER
Human Network
Manager
Management Database
Network
Protocol
Messages
Management Database
AGENT
Managed Object
Figure 40 - SNMP: manager/agent model
6.7.3.3.1.1 MIB
The manager and agent use a Management Information Base (MIB), a logical, hierarchically organized
database of network management information. MIB comprises a complete collection of objects used to
manage entities in a network. A long numeric tag or object identifier (OID) is used to distinguish each
variable uniquely in the MIB and SNMP messages.
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6.7.3.3.1.2 HiPR-900 MIB File
Each HiPR-900 unit firmware package is bundled with three MIB files (found inside mibs.zip file):
• dataradio-regs.mib: contains a top level set of managed object definitions aimed at managing Datara-
dio products.
• 1213.mib: contains a set of managed object definitions aimed at managing TCP/IP-based internets.
• hipr900.mib: contains a set of managed object definitions aimed at managing Dataradio HiPR-900
modems.
6.7.3.3.1.3 OID
In SNMP, each object has a unique OID consisting of numbers separated by decimal points. These object
identifiers naturally form a tree. Figure 41 illustrates this tree-like structure for 1213.mib, which comes
bundled with every HiPR unit package. A path to any object can be easily traced starting from the root
(top of the tree). For example, object titled “SNMP” has a unique OID: 1.3.6.1.2.1.11. The MIB associates each OID with a label (e.g. “SNMP”) and various other parameters. When an SNMP manager
wants to obtain information on an object, it will assemble a specific message (e.g. GET packet) that includes the OID of the object of interest. If the OID is found, a response packet is assembled and sent
back. If the OID is not found, a special error response is sent that identifies the unmanaged object.
mgmt ( 2)
mib-2 (1 )
system (1)
interfaces (2)
ip(4)
icmp(5)
Figure 41 - Branch of the 1234.mib OID tree
6.7.3.3.1.4 MIB Browser
1.3.6.1.2.1
tcp (6)
iso(1)
org (3)
dod (6)
internet (1)
udp(7)
1
1.3
1.3.6
transmission (10)
SNMP (11 )
1.3.6.1.2.1.11
Dataradio recommends opening all MIB files with a MIB browser. For simple networks, a basic, free application such as”iReasoning MIB browser” could be used. However, for managing complex networks
Dataradio recommends a more advanced software application, such as “Castle Rock SNMPc Network
Manager”. In a MIB browser, each object (or node) can be selected and its properties (including its OID)
can be observed.
Note: Both “Read Community” and “Write Community” passwords are required to operate
SNMP MIB. For all HiPR-900 radiomodems the same password is used for both read and write.
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6.7.3.3.1.5 hipr900.mib
Figure 42 shows top-level objects of the hipr900.mib file:
• hipr900Identity
• hipr900Settings
• hipr900NetSettings
• hipr900Statistics
• hipr900Diagonistcs
• hipr900Neighbors
• hipr900Control
These seven branches expand into additional branches and leaves. Again, all hipr900.mib objects can be
accessed through a MIB browser.
1.3.6.1.4.1.3732.4
hipr900 (1)
hipr900Module (1)
hipr900Identity (2)
hipr900NetSetDG (6)
...
hipr900NetGroup(1)
hipr900Settings (3)
hipr900NetSettings (4)
...
hipr900NetSetMTU (3)
hipr900Statistics (5)
hipr900Diagnostics ( 6)
...
hipr900NetSetMAC (2)
hipr900NetSetnetMask (5)
Figure 42- HiPR-900 OID Tree
hipr900Neighbors (7)
...
hipr900NetSetIP (4)
hipr900Control (8)
...
...
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6.7.3.3.2 NAT Overview
The purpose of the “Network Address Translation” (NAT) protocol is to hide a private IP network from a
public network. The mechanism serves both as a firewall function and to save IP address space.
Packet (1)
172.31.1.1/24
Packet (2)
Source Address 172.31.1.2
Public network
Public network
Host 2
172.31.1.2/24
Host 1
192.168.1.2/24
Private network 172.30.1.0/24
Source Address 192.168.1.2
Packet (1)
Destination Address 172.31.1.2
192.168.1.1/24
NAT Enabled Device
Packet (2)
Source Address 172.31.1.2
Destination Address 192.168.1.2
Source Address 172.31.1.1
Destination Address 172.31.1.2
Destination Address 172.31.1.1
Figure 43 - Basic NAT Operations
The source address of packets transiting from the private network to the public network gets translated by
the NAT enabled device. The original IP source address gets replaced by the NAT enabled device’s own
IP address (address of the outgoing interface). The NAT module creates an address translation table that
is used when traffic is coming back from the public network to the private network.
In our example, Host 1 sends a packet to Host 2. The Host 2 device does not see the private IP address of
Host 1. When Host 2 sends a reply to Host 1, it uses the destination IP address 172.31.1.1; this gets translated back to the appropriate destination IP address by the NAT enabled device.
NAT does a lot more then simple translation of the IP source address. NAT also carries out IP protocol
dependant translation. For the UDP and TCP protocols, NAT, will also translate the source port numbers.
Special handling is also done for other more specific protocols like FTP.
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6.7.3.3.2.1 NAT on HiPR-900
On all HiPR-900 units, the user can select which one out of the two interfaces (Ethernet or RF) will be
considered private.
6.7.3.3.2.1.1 Ethernet Interface is Considered Private
Figure 44 - NAT on HiPR-900: Ethernet interface is private
An IP packet whose source IP address originates from the Ethernet network and is sent towards the RF
network, will have its source IP address replaced by the RF IP address of the HiPR-900 unit. In the example below (Figure 45), the Ethernet interface of the HiPR-900 (2) unit is set as private.
Figure 45 - NAT Enabled on Ethernet Interface
An IP packet sent from the private network towards the public network would have its source IP address
replaced by the RF IP address of the HiPR-900 (2) unit.
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p
)
(
)
Remote Host 1
172.30.1.2/24
Private ETH network RF network
Packet (1)
Src Address 172.30.1.2
Dst Address 200.1.1.1
HiPR900(2)
(NAT Enabled, ETH is
rivate
Packet (1)
Src Address 172.31.1.2
Dst Address 200.1.1.1
NAT Disabled
HiPR900 (1)
Packet (1)
Src Address 172.31.1.2
Dst Address 200.1.1.1
External Host 1
200.1.1.1/24
External network
Figure 46 - Private to Public
6.7.3.3.2.1.2 RF Interface is Considered Private
Figure 47 - NAT on HiPR-900 Enabled: RF interface is private
An IP packet whose source IP address originates from the RF network and is sent towards the Ethernet
network will have its source IP address replaced by the Ethernet IP address of the HiPR-900 unit. In the
example Figure 48, the RF interface of the HiPR-900 (1) unit is considered private. The Ethernet interface
of the HiPR-900(2) unit is considered private.
External
Network
External Host 1
200.1.1.1/24
(NAT enabled, RF interface is pri-
HiPR-900 (1)
vate)
Remote Host 1
172.30.1.2/24
Private ETH Network
RF: 172.31.1.1/24
Private RF Network
RF: 172.31.1.2/24
ETH: 172.30.1.1/24
(NAT enabled, Ethernet interface is private)
HiPR-900 (2)
Public Network
(External Network)
Figure 48 - NAT Enabled on RF interface
Notice that in the example (Figure 48 and Figure 49) NAT is enabled on HiPR-900 (2) on the Ethernet
interface and that on the HiPR-900 (1) unit on the RF interface.
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Remote Host 1
172.30.1.2/24
Private ETH network
Packet (1)
Src Address 172.30.1.2
Dst Address 200.1.1.1
(NAT Enabled, ETH is private)
HiPR900(2)
Packet (1)
Src Address 172.31.1.2
Dst Address 200.1.1.1
(NAT Enabled, RF is private)
Private RF network
HiPR900 (1)
Packet (1)
Src Address 172.32.1.1
Dst Address 200.1.1.1
External Host 1
200.1.1.1/24
External network
Figure 49 - Private to Public
In the example Figure 50, the RF interface of the HiPR-900 (1) unit is considered private. NAT is disabled on the HiPR-900 (2) unit. Notice that if the Remote Host sends a packet, the source IP address is
not changed by the HiPR-900 (1) unit because the source does not originate from the private network.
External
Network
External Host 1
200.1.1.1/24
(NAT enabled, RF interface is pri-
HiPR-900 (1)
vate)
ETH 172.32.1.1/24
RF: 172.31.1.1/24
Public Network
(External Network)
Remote Host 1
172.30.1.2/24
Remote ETH Network
Private RF Network
RF: 172.31.1.2/24
ETH: 172.30.1.1/24
Figure 50 - NAT Enabled on RF interface
HiPR-900 (2)
(NAT disabled)
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Remote Host 1
172.30.1.2/24
Remote ETH network Private RF network
Packet (1)
Src Address 172.30.1.2
Dst Address 200.1.1.1
HiPR-900 (2)
(NAT disabled)
Packet (1)
Src Address 172.30.1.2
Dst Address 200.1.1.1
(NAT Enabled, RF is pri-
Src Address 172.30.1.2
Dst Address 200.1.1.1
HiPR-900 (1)
vate)
Packet (1)
External network
External Host 1
200.1.1.1/24
Figure 51 - Private to Public
Notice that in this example, the source address of the packet comes from the Remote network and not the
RF network, thus the HiPR-900 (2) unit does not do any source IP address translation on it (
Figure 51). In the previous example, the HiPR-900 (1) unit was changing the source IP address of the
packet, making the HiPR-900 (2) unit believe that the packet was originating from the RF network.
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6.7.3.4 IP addressing modes
Figure 52 - Advanced IP Configuration – IP adressing modes
Broadcast
Multicast
Item Description
Directed Broadcast
Limited Enable
Multicast
Outbound unit address Multicast address associated to remote unit
Multicast Address List
Add / Delete Address
Address List
Disabled, Enabled (Default) – Controls forwarding of
Directed Broadcast packets
Disabled (Default), Enabled – Controls forwarding of
Limited broadcast packets
Disabled (Default), Enabled – Controls forwarding of
Multicast packets (based on the “Multicast Address
List”)
Multicast can be used when “one-to-many” communication is required.
To add an address to the Multicast List:
Select the “Add” radio button and type in the dialog
box the new address to be added to the read-only
“Address List”. Note that only the valid multicast addresses will be accepted and displayed.
To delete an address from the Multicast List:
Select the “Delete” radio button and type in the dialog
box the address to be deleted from the “Address List”.
Read-only listing. Window expands downward as
needed to show all addresses in the list.
When an IP packet is received on the Ethernet side of
the unit and the destination IP address matches one of
the multicast IP addresses in this list, it is forwarded
over the RF interface.
Remote units will send it over their Ethernet interface.
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6.7.3.4.1 IP Broadcast/Multicast Overview
When an IP packet needs to reach more then one unit, the destination address can be set to either a broadcast address or a multicast address.
BROADCAST - There are two types of IP broadcast address:
Figure 53 - Broadcast Window Detail
• Directed broadcast
A directed broadcast address is an IP address where the host portion is all ones (for instance
172.30.1.255 is the directed broadcast address for the network 172.30.1.0/24, 172.30.1.207 is the
directed broadcast address for the network 172.30.1.192/24).
• Limited broadcast
The limited broadcast address is 255.255.255.255.
Note:
Routing equipment (to prevent broadcast storms) do not by default forward limited broadcast
packets (255.255.255.255). On the other hand, directed broadcast packets are by default forwarded because these packets are routable like any other unicast packets.
6.7.3.4.1.1 Broadcast
DIRECTED BROADCAST
Each interface of a unit has its own IP address and netmask. From the IP address and netmask, it is easy
to calculate the broadcast address associated to the interface. For instance, if the Ethernet interface address of a HiPR-900 unit is 172.30.1.1/24 and the RF interface address is 10.0.1.2/24, then the broadcast
address of the Ethernet interface is 172.30.1.255 and the broadcast address of the RF interface is
10.0.1.255.
The “Directed Broadcast” radio buttons let the user select whether the unit must forward or not directed
broadcast packets. Upon reception of a directed broadcast packet, the unit takes the following actions:
If the directed broadcast address matches with one of the unit’s interface broadcast address:
• Keeps a copy for itself (passes to internal applications, if any).
• If directed broadcast packets can be forwarded: Forwards the packet according to the routing table.
• If directed broadcast packets cannot be forwarded: Silently discards the packet.
Note:
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Occasionally, the unit cannot determine that the packet is actually a directed broadcast. In such a
case, the packet is normally routed.
Send to 172.30.1.255
Sender
Directed broadcast forwarding
enabled
Directed broadcast forwarding
enabled
Remote Host(1)
172.30.1.2/24
10.0.0.1/8
RF Airlinks
10.0.0.2/8
Remote (1)
172.30.1.1/24
Remote Host(2)
172.30.1.3/24
Master
Remote Host(3)
172.30.1.4/24
10.0.0.4/8
Remote (2)
172.30.3.1/24
Remote Host(4)
172.30.3.2/24
Figure 54 - Example-Directed broadcast fowarding enabled
In the example in Figure 54, directed broadcast forwarding is enabled on the Master unit and on Re-
mote (1) unit. If Sender wants to reach Remote Host (1), Remote Host (2), and Remote Host (3)
with a single packet, he can send to destination address 172.30.1.255.
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Send to 172.30.1.255
Sender
Directed broadcast forwarding
enabled
Directed broadcast forwarding
disabled
Remote Host(1)
172.30.1.2/24
Figure 55 - Example-Directed broadcast forwarding disabled
10.0.0.1/8
RF Airlinks
10.0.0.2/8
Remote (1)
172.30.1.1/24
Remote Host(2)
172.30.1.3/24
Master
Remote Host(3)
172.30.1.4/24
10.0.0.4/8
Remote (2)
172.30.3.1/24
Remote Host(4)
172.30.3.2/24
In the example in Figure 55, directed broadcast forwarding is enabled on the Master unit and disabled on the Remote (1) unit. If Sender sends a packet to destination address 172.30.1.255, the packet would be discarded by Remote (1), it would not reach Remote Host (1), Remote Host (2), and
Remote Host (3).
If the user wants the Master unit to do the discarding of the directed broadcast packets, then the directed broadcast forwarding must be disabled on the Master unit itself.
LIMITED BROADCAST
The “Limited Broadcast” radio buttons let the user select whether the unit must forward or not limited
broadcast packets. Upon reception of a limited broadcast packet, the unit takes the following actions:
• Keeps a copy for itself (passes to internal applications, if any).
• If limited broadcast packets can be forwarded: Sends a copy of the packet from all interfaces except
from the one that received the packet.( i.e. if the packet was received by Ethernet Interface, it will be
sent out by RF Interface and vice versa)
• If limited broadcast packets cannot be forwarded: Silently discards the packet.
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Send to 255.255.255.255
Sender
Limited broadcast forwarding
enabled
Limited broadcast forwarding
enabled
Remote Host(1)
172.30.1.2/24
10.0.0.2/8
Remote (1)
172.30.1.1/24
Remote Host(2)
172.30.1.3/24
10.0.0.1/8
RF Airlinks
Remote Host(3)
172.30.1.4/24
Master
10.0.0.4/8
Remote (2)
172.30.3.1/24
Remote Host(4)
172.30.3.2/24
Limited broadcast forwarding
enabled
Figure 56 - Example-Limited broadcast forwarding enabled
In the example Figure 56, limited broadcast forwarding is enabled on the Master unit and on all Re-
mote units. If Sender wants to reach Remote Host (1), Remote Host (2), Remote Host (3), and
Remote Host (4) with a single packet, he can send to destination address 255.255.255.255.
Notice that Sender and the Master units are on the same LAN (routing equipment does not usually
forward limited broadcast packets).
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Send to 255.255.255.255
Sender
Limited broadcast forwarding
enabled
Limited broadcast forwarding
disabled
Remote Host (1)
172.30.1.2/24
Figure 57 - Example-Limited broadcast forwarding disabled
RF Airlinks
10.0.0.2/8
Remote (1)
172.30.1.1/24
Remote Host (2)
172.30.1.3/24
10.0.0.1/8
Remote Host (3)
Master
172.30.1.4/24
10.0.0.4/8
Remote (2)
172.30.3.1/24
Remote Host (4)
172.30.3.2/24
Limited broadcast forwarding
enabled
In this example, limited broadcast forwarding is enabled on the Master unit, disabled on the Remote (1)
unit and enabled on the Remote (2) unit. If Sender sends a packet to destination address
255.255.255.255, the packet would reach Remote Host (4) only. The Remote (1) unit would discard any
limited broadcast packet it received from the Master unit.
If the user wants the Master unit to do the discarding of the limited broadcast packets, then the limited
broadcast forwarding must be disabled on the Master unit itself. Then no Remote Host unit would ever
be receiving a limited broadcast packet.
Note:
Serial data is always sent via broadcast mechanism as no destination address can normally be ex-
tracted.
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t
6.7.3.4.1.2 Multicast
IP multicast addresses are in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. These addresses are used to
represent logical groups of units that may or may not reside on the same networks.
Multicast is used when “one-to-many” communication is required. For instance, a radio station might offer a music channel on the Internet in real time. To receive the music a user (host) must know the multicast group (multicast address) used by the radio station and add itself as a member of this group. In the IP
realm, a host uses the IGMP protocol to do this. The routers inside the Internet are using IGMP and other
multicast routing protocol to build the proper path from the sender to the receivers (a tree like path is
formed from the sender to the receivers).
(owner of multicast group 226.1.2.3)
Sender
Interne
Receiver 1
(member of 226.1.2.3)
Receiver 1
(Add membership 226.1.2.3)
Figure 58 - Registration to multicast group (First Step)
Sender
IP Router
5
(Add membership 226.1.2.3)
Receiver 2
(Add membership 226.1.2.3)
(owner of multicast group 226.1.2.3)
1
IP Router
2
2
Internet
IP Router
3
IP Router
3
4
Receiver 3
Paths from Sender to Members
(Receivers 1, 2, and 3) flow in the Internet
from IP Router to IP Router to reach
Destinations 226.1.2.3.
Paths are not forwarded over interfaces
that do not lead to a multicast group
member
Receiver 3
(member of 226.1.2.3)
(not a member of 226.1.2.3)
Receiver
Receiver 2
(member of 226.1.2.3)
(not a member of 226.1.2.3)
Receiver
Figure 59 - Registration to multicast group (Second Step)
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In an HiPR-900 environment, an outside host (Sender) might be interested in sending multicast packets to
any one of the following groups:
• “All Remote HiPR-900” group.
• Various “Remote Host” group.
The main HiPR-900 unit is directly connected to the outside network. ALL multicast groups MUST be
identified in the main HiPR-900 unit because it uses IGMP to register the memberships to the multicast
groups on behalf of the other units and Hosts (Remote HiPR-900 units, Remote Hosts).
Sender
Network
Master HiPR-900 unit
RF Airlinks
Remote 1
“All Remote HiPR-900”
Remote 2 Remote 3
group
Remote 4
Remote Host
Remote Host
“Remote Host” group 1
Figure 60 - Typical HiPR-900 Multicast Groups
Remote Host Remote Host Remote Host
Remote 5
“Remote Host” group 2
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The following setup example would allow the “Sender” unit to communicate with different multicast
groups. The settings shown in Figure 61 below, and Figure 62, would enable the Sender unit to reach all
entities of the various groups. Figure 61 illustrates setup on the Master unit.
Figure 61 - Multicast Window Details (On the Main HiPR-900 unit)
Multicast (Enabled/Disabled)
Outbound unit address Indicates the “All Remote HiPR-900 unit” multicast group
Multicast Address List Indicates the various “Remote Host” groups
Enables or disables the registration of the multicast groups by the main HiPR-900
unit.
Sender
Network
Master HiPR-900 unit
RF Airlinks
Remote 1 Remote 2 Remote 3
“All Remote HiPR-
900” group
(224.168.201.1)
Remote 4
Remote 5
Remote Host
“Remote Host” group 1
(224.168.200.1)
Remote Host Remote Host Remote Host
“Remote Host” group 2
(224.168.200.2)
Remote Host
Figure 62 - Registration to multicast group
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6.7.3.5 IP Optimization & Tuning
Figure 63 - Advanced IP Configuration – IP Optimization & Tuning (Router Mode)
Item Description
RF ACK Disabled (Default), Enabled
OIP Retries Number of OIP retries (for non TCP traffic like ICMP). Default = 1
Note: No optimizations are available in Bridge Mode. Figure 63 shows Router mode screen.
6.7.3.6 IP Routing (exclusive to the full-featured HiPR90 version)
Figure 64 - Advanced IP Configuration – IP Routing
Item Description
IP Routing Table Displays the table of IP routes that are active in the HiPR-900.
Destination IP address of the route
Netmask Netmask of the route
Gateway Gateway of the route (next hop)
Static routes: User-defined routes.
Dynamic routes: Routes learnt by the HiPR unit with RIPv2 protocol.
(RIPV2 must be enabled in Setup (Advanced) → IP Services)
Type
Add/Delete
Direct routes describe addresses that are directly reachable (1 hop
away).
Indirect routes describe addresses that cannot be reached directly (i.e.
addresses that are more than one hop away).
Allow the user to add or remove routes manually to/from the table.
Warning: Manipulate this table with caution!
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6.7.3.7 Time Source
SNTP
Figure 65 - Advanced IP Configuration – Time Source
Item Description
Client Disabled (Default), Enabled
Server address IP of the SNTP Server in dot decimal format
Period Period at which the SNTP Server is polled
SNTP UTC Time Last update received from the SNTP Server (in seconds) – Read only
TimeZone Select from drop-down list
Daylight Savings Disabled (Default), Enabled
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6.7.3.8 Ethernet (PHY)
Figure 66 - Advanced IP Configuration – Ethernet (PHY)
Item Description
Auto Negotiate
PHY Bitrate
PHY Duplex
Force to 100 Mbps
Force to 10 Mbps (Default)
Half Duplex (read-only field)
6.7.3.9 RF Link
Figure 67 - Advanced IP Configuration – RF Link
Item Description
Disabled, Enabled (Default) –
TDD Mode
Timed Preset
Segments
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Normally used in a point- to- point network carrying Ethernet traffic. Maximizes RF link efficiency for carrying two-way traffic
Note: This parameter can only be set for the Master Unit. Repeater and Remote units will
only display the Master's setting.
Enabled/Disabled (default)
While TDD provides the best performance in point to point and point-to-multipoint configurations, please enable "Timed Preset Segments" for networks with a repeater in order to
avoid RF collisions. . See section 6.7.3.9.1 for more
63
6.7.3.9.1 TDMA Segment Configuration
While TDD provides the best performance for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint configurations,
please enable “Timed Preset Segments” (in order to avoid RF collisions) for networks with a repeater
unit.
For operations through a single repeater (two RF coverage areas, Figure 68), TDMA allocates bandwidth
to the Master, repeater, and remote in turn, to avoid collisions. For a three-unit network configuration,
that includes a repeater unit, enable “TDD mode” and “Timed Preset Segments”. The time between the
syncs (known as a dwell period) is equally distributed between the three units (Figure 69).
Note: TDD Mode must be enabled in order to enable “Timed Preset Segments”.
RF Coverage 2
RF Coverage 1
Master
Figure 68 - Two RF Coverage Areas: Opeartion through a single repeater
Repeater
Remote #1
Figure 69 - Example of timing breakdown for a 3 unit Network: Preset Time Segments
Similarly, for a four-unit network configuration with a repeater (as in Figure 70), enable “TDD mode” and
“Timed Preset Segments”. The time segments will be equally distributed between the master, repeater,
and remotes.
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Master
Remote #1
Figure 70 - Repeater and two remotes
Repeater
Relay Point
Remote #2
Note: Set “Timed Preset Segments” for any network configuration with a single repeater. Use
“TDD Mode” for Point-to Point and Point-to-Multipoint topologies.
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6.7.4 Security
6.7.4.1 Pass Control
Figure 71 - Security – Pass Control
Item Description
Enter a string of any letters or numbers of at least 1 and not exceeding 15 characters
User ID
Old Password
New Password
New Password
(confirm)
Encryption Disabled, Enabled (Default)
Encryption Pass
Phrase
Encryption Key
The User Name entry is currently not an access-limiting factor. It only serves to identify the
person gaining access. User Name may be required by future versions.
For an initial installation, enter the default Password ADMINISTRATOR (all upper case letters). For subsequent access, use the Password that you will have configured.
Enter a string of any letters or numbers of at least 8 and not exceeding 15 characters
CAUTION: Do not lose the new password or you will not be able to gain access to the unit;
you will need to contact Dataradio for support as detailed in section 1.3 earlier.
Re-enter the new password string
String of characters used to create a 128-bit AES encryption key. The Pass Phrase can be
up to 160 characters long. Using a length of at least 128 characters should provide an adequate security level for most users.
A good pass phrase mixes alphabetic and numeric characters, and avoids simple prose
and simple names.
All units in a network must have the same key.
READ ONLY - Displayed in pairs separated with spaces
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6.7.4.2 Access List
Access List
Control
Access List
Management
Figure 72 - Security – Access List
Item Description
Access List is used to keep unauthorized unit(s) away from Dataradio RF
network. Maximum number of Access List entries = 100.
The Access List Control takes the following values:
Access List Control
Add Entry Adds entry in the Access Control List
Delete Entry Deletes entry in the Access Control List
Import Access list
from file
Clear Access List Clears entire Access Control table
Display Access List Clicking this button opens the access list in the message window
Disabled (Default)
White List – Authorized units only. Requests from any unit(s) outside this
list will be rejected.
Black List – Unauthorized units. Requests from any unit(s) that is part of
this list will be rejected
Imports Access List from file – Populates Access Control table from the
accesslist.acl
file “
RF MAC addresses.
E.g.:
0x1234
“. It is basically a text file that contains a list of
abcd
2345
where,
0x1234, abcd
To use this feature:
-Create a text file “accesslist.acl” with a list of RF MAC addresses
-Upload the file from a host PC via an FTP program
-Click on “Import Access list from file” button
-Click on “Display Access List” button to view the imported access list
, and
represent RF MAC addresses in HEX
2345
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6.7.5 Statistics
6.7.5.1 Interfaces
The LAN (Ethernet) Interface layer shows reception and transmission traffic counts.
The RF Interfaces indicates the result of the RF link performance.
Note: All definitions given below use the following convention:
RX (or Input) = data received from a lower network layer
TX (or Output) = data transmitted to a lower network layer
Figure 73 - Statistics –Interfaces
Item Description
LAN – RX Pkts The total number of packets received by Ethernet interface.
LAN – TX Pkts The total number of packets transmitted by Ethernet interface.
RF OIP sublayer – RX Pkts The total number of input packets received by RF-OIP interface.
RF OIP sublayer – TX Pkts The total number of output packets transmitted by RF-OIP interface.
RF Airlink sublayer – RX Pkts The total number of packets transmitted by the RF Airlink sublayer.
RF Airlink sublayer – TX Pkts The total number of packets received by the RF Airlink sublayer.
Note: For Transport (TCP/UDP) and Network (IP) interface layers statistics refer to MIB 1213.
See Section 6.7.3.3.1.2 for details.
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6.7.6 Maintenance
6.7.6.1 Ping Test
Figure 74 - Maintenance – Ping Test
Item Description
Enter IP address Enter IP address in dot decimal format
Execute
This button executes the ping command. Ready field displays the outcome of the ping command.
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6.7.6.2 Unit Configuration Control
Important note: Record all original HiPR-900 factory settings for possible future use.
Figure 75 - Maintenance - Unit Configuration Control (Initial screen)
Item Description
Active Configuration Description
User Configuration Settings
Firmware Upgrade Settings
Factory Settings
Active Configuration Description Field – available by selecting “Checkpoint User Configuration” radio button in the “User Configuration Settings “portion of this window below.
Checkpoint User Configuration (Save User Configuration) – saves a set
of the current user configuration settings in the HiPR-900.
Click on the “Checkpoint User Configuration” radio button to activate
the “Active Configuration Description” field. Enter a descriptive title of
up to 40 characters to help identify the configuration settings to be
saved. Click on “Proceed” to save the settings to the unit. The new configuration set overwrites the factory (or previously user saved) configuration settings.
Restore User Configuration Checkpoint (Load User Configuration) – the
radio button is available if “User Configuration Settings” have been
previously saved. To restore to user configuration, click the “Restore
User Configuration” radio button. Check the title of the settings about
to be restored in the “Active Configuration Description” field and click
on “Proceed” to restore the settings to the unit.
Merge settings bundled in upgrade package with current configurationmerges upgraded settings with the current configuration.
Note: the "firmware update" process will end up replacing an existing
configuration file with the one that came bundled with the firmware
upgrade package.
Restore Factory Settings: restores all settings to default factory configuration.
Upon performing the firmware upgrade, should you decide to restore to
factory settings instead of to “merge with bundled settings”, simply
select the “Restore Factory Settings’ radio button right after performing
the firmware upgrade and click on “Proceed”.
Important note:
Activating “ Restore Factory Settings” will reset the IP address of the
unit. Have your record of all the original HiPR-900 factory settings handy before proceeding with restoring to factory settings.
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6.7.6.3 Package Control
Package Control is used for verifying the integrity of the field upgrade of the HiPR-900 radiomodem
firmware.
Click on Maintenance/Package Control and wait a few seconds for the results to display.
Snapshot in Figure 76 shows a “PASS” result indication. If an upgrade problem arises and persists, click
the “Package Control” once more and have the resulting indications handy if contacting Dataradio System
engineering.
Figure 76 - Package Control
6.7.6.4 Radio Tests
To guard against an inadvertent or accidental mishap, Dataradio strongly recommends saving the parameters to the unit BEFORE running this test. Use the “Save Config” button at the bottom of the navigation
menu. This test is especially useful for testing the power output with a wattmeter.
Figure 77 - RF Tests
Item Description
Test frequency is 915.000 MHz, carrier only (no modulation)
Start Test
Stop Test
RF Power will be as configured in:
Î
“Setup (Basic)”
HiPR-900 unit resets after 20 seconds if the Stop Test button is not
pressed.
“RF Setup” (20 to 30 dBm)
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6.7.6.5 Spectrum Analyzer
Figure 78 - Maintenance – Spectrum
Item Description
Continually monitors signal strength at each unit during normal opera-
Spectrum Analyzer
Range -120 to –40 dBm
Thresholds -90 to –60 dBm
tion.
See section 7.1 for further details
6.7.6.6 Feature Options
Figure 79 - Available Feature Options
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Option # Name Description
001 Sync Master Allows the unit to operate as a Sync Master.
002 Router Mode Allows the unit to operate in Router Mode.
003 Store and Forward
Repeater
004 Ethernet to RF Allows the unit to relay traffic between the Ethernet and RF interfaces.
005 Setup Serial Port
to RF
006 COM Serial Port to
RF
007 SNMP Allows SNMP agent activation on the unit
008 High Speed Allows the unit to operate in high speed (512 Kbit/s)
Allows the unit to operate as a Store-and-Forward Repeater.
Allows the unit to relay traffic between the Setup Serial Port and RF interfaces.
Allows the unit to relay traffic between the COM Serial Port and RF interfaces.
6.7.7 Neighbor Discovery
(exclusive to the full-featured HiPR-900 version)
Each unit is equipped with a neighbor discovery module whose purpose is to detect all other units in the
RF network and to add all necessary IP routes needed to reach all neighboring units.
Figure 80 - Neighbor Discovery Module
The neighbor discovery module only operates when the unit is configured in router mode.
Item Description
Neighbor Discovery Enabled (default)/Disabled
Enabled/Disabled (default)
When enabled, all dynamic Neighbor Table entries (neighboring units
Autolock
Convergence Timeout
discovered by the neighbor discovery module) are saved automatically
after the discovery module’s learning process is considered complete
(see Convergence Timeout below). These entries are preserved in the
unit’s flash memory, so that on restart the unit does not have to relearn
the complete topology of the RF network.
Time in ms after which, without learning any new information, the
neighbor discovery algorithm considers the learning process complete.
Default 15 000ms.
The neighbor discovery module populates the neighbor table with dynamic neighbor entries. The process
of detecting the other units takes some time and RF bandwidth.
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Rebooting the unit would lose all neighbor entries and the detection process would have to be re-started.
Enabling the Autolock feature allows preserving acquired information in the unit’s flash memory.
When rebooting with Autolock enabled, the neighbor discovery module assumes the neighbor table is
complete (It does not try to detect the presence of other units). When adding another unit to the network,
it will try to detect all its neighbors, and by doing so, it will be detected by the current unit and added to
its neighbor table.
This new entry will be saved in the unit’s flash memory after the convergence timeout has expired.
6.7.7.1 Local Info
Figure 81 - Local Info
Item Description
RF IP Address Displays unit's RF IP address and netmask .
Ethernet IP Address Displays unit's Ethernet IP address and netmask.
Displays the unit's status:
Unit's Operating mode: Master, Repeater or Remote
Relay Point (RP) if enabled
Status
Lock/Unlock
NAT if enabled
Access Point (AP) if enabled
Proxy if TCP is enabled
Locked if all dynamic neighbor table entries are locked
Manually locks (or unlocks) the unit’s Neighbor Table.
When locked, all neighbor table entries will be saved in the unit’s Flash
memory. Their status will be changed to static. A unit in a locked state
will not perform neighbor discovery at start up. It will assume the
neighbor table complete. If another unit is added to the network, it will
try to detect all its neighbors and by doing so it will be detected by the
current unit and added to the neighbor table. However, the new table
entry’s status will be kept as dynamic.
6.7.7.2 Neighbor Table
Each unit has a Neighbor Table. This table has an entry for each neighboring unit detected in the RF network.
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Figure 82 - Neighbor Table
Item Description
Unit ID Displays a neighboring unit's RF MAC address and name.
RF IP Address: displays a neighboring unit's RF IP address and net-
Unit Configuration
Route
Status
Del
Poll
Poll All
Clear List
Refresh List
mask.
Ethernet IP Address: displays a neighboring unit's Ethernet IP address
and netmask.
#: Indicates whether the route is primary [pri] or backup [bkp]
The neighbor discovery algorithm keeps information about two best
paths to any neighboring unit. The primary path is used (by default)
when building the internal routes. Use Toggle function to manually
switch to the backup path.
Next Hop: Indicates the ID of the unit that's next on the path to the
neighboring unit. (If the neighboring unit is only 1-hop away the field
indicates the ID of the neighboring unit itself)
Hop Count: Indicates the number of RF hops from the unit to the neighbor. 1-hop neighbor is a neighbor that a unit can talk directly to: both
units are in the same RF coverage area. 2 and more hop neighbors are
neighbors that cannot be reached directly.
Status: Indicates if the route is active or inactive.
Toggle: Switches between primary and backup route. The toggle
switching can take up to 1500 ms to take effect and if the backup path
is the desired path, the path should be locked (see section 6.7.7)
Displays the unit's status:
Unit's Operating mode: Master, Repeater or Remote
Relay Point (RP) if enabled
NAT if enabled
Access Point (AP) if enabled
Proxy if TCP is enabled
Static if neighbor entry was defined by the user, Dynamic if the entry
was acquired by the neighbor discovery module
Deletes the neighboring unit from the Neighbor Table. If the unit still
exists in the RF network, the neighbor discovery module will find it. To
see it appear in the Neighbor Table the user may press Refresh List
button, allowing sufficient time for the neighbor discovery module to
locate the unit.
Polls the unit. Used to test if a unit is reachable.
Polls all units in the Neighbor Table.
Clears the Neighbor Table. Deletes all entries.
Refreshes the Neighbor Table. Note that this page does not refresh
automatically
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6.7.7.3 Neighbor Management (Advanced)
The neighbor table can be also populated with user-defined entries. The interface presented below allows
the user to add static entries.
Item Description
Compulsory Information
Optional Information
Figure 83 - Neighbor Management
Node ID: Unit's RF MAC address (factory default)
Node Name: Unit's name as configured in Setup (Basic)→ General →
Station Name
RF IP Address: Unit's RF interface IP address
RF Mask: Unit's RF interface IP netmask
Ethernet IP Address: Unit's Ethernet interface IP address
Ethernet Mask: Unit's Ethernet interface IP netmask
Attribute: Unit's attributes (NAT | PROXY | AP (Access Point) | RP (Relay
Point) | Master | Repeater |Remote)
Primary Route Hop Count: Amount of hops to reach this unit taking the
primary route
Primary Route Next Hop ID: The RF MAC address of the 1-hop neighbor
taking the primary route
Backup Route Hop Count: The number of hops to reach this unit taking
the backup route
Backup Route Next Hop ID: The RF MAC address of the 1-hop neighbor
taking the backup route
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6.7.8 Site Map and Help
Site Map link and Help icon (Figure 84) features are designed to help the user navigate through the WebPages. They can be found on the bottom of the navigation pane.
Figure 84 - Site Map Link and Help Icon
Item Description
Site Map
Help Icon
Click Site Map link to display a page that hierarchically lists all WebPages on the site and provides a short description where applicable.
Click the Help Icon in the navigation pane to open a help text relating to
the window being displayed.
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7. Optimization & Troubleshooting
After original setup is complete, you may wish to maximize performance by first optimizing the Airlink
(or RF link) and then optimizing the HiPR-900 radio modem to function in the resulting environment. A
useful RF link diagnostic tool is the built-in Spectrum Analyzer that continually monitors signal strength
with each packet during normal operation.
7.1 Built-in Spectrum Analyzer
System’s
Received Signal Strength
Gives RSSI variations
across the RF band
Noise floor
Indicates how much
RF interference is present
Figure 85 - Ideal Spectrum Sample
7.2 Spectrum Display
Prior to using the spectrum display for diagnostic evaluation, ensure the system is in-sync and receiving
enough payload data to fill the display.
Note:
If existing traffic data is insufficient, at least two continuous pings of 1400 bytes (use multiple
command prompt windows) to any remote Ethernet IP address accessed across the airlink will
suffice to fill the display.
As the display incorporates significant averaging, changes in the signals may take from 10 to 30 seconds
to be visible.
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7.2.1 Display Characteristics
There are two main visual characteristics to the display (see Figure 85):
1. The noise floor –
Indicates how much RF interference is present. Other system(s) with different System ID’s, and
any other signals in this shared band, can and will increase the noise floor and could necessitate a
stronger signal to achieve desired system throughput. A rough noise floor that changes every few
seconds likely indicates that other hopping or spreading signals are present in the band.
2. System’s Received Signal Strength –
Ideally, the system’s signal strength should be at least 20dB above the floor noise (more is al-
ways better). Smooth but irregular RSSI level variations across the RF band (see Figure 86 below) relate to how much multi-path signals are interfering with reception at this location. A flat
level indicates a better signal path than an uneven level.
Figure 86 - Representative Multi-path City Spectrum Example
7.2.2 Multi-path Interference
Achieving RF band flatness from an antenna system is a function of the type and quality of antenna used
and how well a direct line-of-sight transmission path is realized. Try using directional antenna to reduce
multi-path reflections, aiming away from noise sources by changing antenna directions slightly, by changing antenna polarization, changing the dual antennas position relative to each other or changing their location.
Note:
As stated in section 2.2.3, minimum separation for a diversity reception is 5/8 wavelength (approximately 8 inches – 21cm) for fixed applications.
The overall throughput can be measured after a change is made (do not forget to clear the statistics before
a new measurement is taken) and a correlation to the spectrum made visually.
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7.3 Maximizing TCP/IP
If after optimizing the airlink there still appears to be an unexplained speed loss (less than the HiPR-900
radio modem limit of about 40 Kbytes/sec total for both directions), you can look at maximizing TCP/IP.
TCP/IP throughput can be tricky to measure as performance is related not only to the RF link, but how
well flow control is implemented in the TCP/IP stack and how each application is designed. The HiPR900 has been highly optimized with this in mind. When the TX/RX LED flashes amber, this not only indicates that data is moving but also indicates (by the LED OFF periods) when data is not moving across
the RF network at full rated speed. If you get flashing RED indications on the TX/RX LED, RF reception
problems are present and causing some loss of throughput. OFF periods indicate that the application has
not presented data to the HiPR-900 radio modem.
Using different client/server combinations or applications may show improvements. For instance, one
FTP server may work 30% faster than another, simply because the buffer management is quicker to respond or has bigger message buffers – yet run at nearly the same speed over a pure Ethernet (no RF) link.
Network Address Translation (NAT), payload data compression and encryption have little effect other
than adding a small latency to the flow of traffic.
The TDD mode should be left enabled unless highly specialized protocols are being run. Sometimes,
these protocols and TDD interfere which each other and may run somewhat faster with TDD disabled.
7.4 Maximizing via Setup Pages
Further performance optimization can be done via the User Interface Setup pages. The fundamental adjustments described in the following paragraphs can be changed singularly or in conjunction with each
other
Note:
Data Compression (section 6.7.3.5 above) should only be OFF while testing, thereby eliminating
performance differences due only to different compression rates.
7.4.1 Use Router Mode
Selecting Router mode (see section 6.7.2.1) is highly recommended when running over a weak RF link.
This mode ensures that several levels of retry mechanisms are at work, each optimized to minimize TCP
flow control delays or even preventing a dropped TCP/IP link. It requires some IP route planning to and
from the HiPR-900 units but is well worth the increase in link stability over the simpler bridge mode.
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7.4.2 Reduce RF MTU size
As this is a shared band, interference is not always avoidable. Another way of improving performance is
by reducing the RF MTU size (see section 6.7.3.2). This effectively reduces the amount of time each data
frame is exposed to interference, thus reducing retry traffic. A good starting point is 576 bytes instead of
the default 1500.
Note:
Values down to 300 may be necessary.
7.4.3 Reduce RF network bit rate
Normally the system is able to utilize the normal bit rate of 512k (see section 6.7.2.3). If you have a very
low signal level (-90 dBm or less) or the RF signal levels are close to an elevated noise floor level, you
can try running at 256K instead of 512k (changeable on the fly without a reset). It could result in better
overall performance.
7.4.4 Increase OIP Retries Limit
Only available in Router mode, OIP Retries Limit is normally set to two (2). Gradually increasing it up to
five (5) in extreme cases, may provide a slow but reliable link when none was possible with weak signals.
Use in conjunction with a 256K network bit rate.
7.5 Troubleshooting Tools
7.5.1 Network Connectivity
• PING
The ping command determines whether a specific IP address is accessible. It works by sending a packet to the specified address and waiting for a reply. It is useful for troubleshooting
“end-to-end” reachability, network connectivity, and network latency.
Available for MS-Windows 9x, ME, NT, 2000, and XP as well as Unix & Free BSD.
EXAMPLE:
ping 192.168.204.1 displays the response with turn around time in milliseconds.
• TRACERT (WINDOWS)
The tracert command is used to visually see a network packet being sent and received and
the number of hops required for that packet to get to its destination.
Available for MS-DOS 6.2, MS-Windows 9x, ME, NT, 2000, and XP.
Note:
Users with MS-Windows 2000 or XP who need additional information on network latency and network loss may also use the pathping command.
EXAMPLE
tracert www.yahoo.com at the command prompt displays the intermediate routers between local host to the ww.yahoo.com site.
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7.5.2 Configuration Information
• WINIPCFG (WIN95/98), IPCONFIG (WIN2K) or IFCONFIG (UNIX)
Ipconfig is a DOS utility, which can be used from MS-DOS or an MS-DOS shell to display the network settings currently assigned and given by a network. This command can be
utilized to verify a network connection as well as to verify network settings.
Available for MS-DOS, MS-Windows 9x, ME, NT, 2000, and XP.
EXAMPLE
ipconfig /all at the command prompt displays the Ethernet MAC address, IP address,
IP netmask, default IP gateway, DNS server… information.
• ARP
View and update the system ARP table
The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is used with the IP protocol for mapping a 32-bit In-
ternet Protocol address to a MAC address that is recognized in the local network specified in
RFC 826. Once recognized the server or networking device returns a response containing the
required address.
Available for MS-Windows 9x, ME, NT, 2000, and XP.
EXAMPLE
arp -a displays all entries in the ARP cache. Useful in manipulating ARP caches.
• ROUTE
View and update the system routing table
The function and syntax of the Windows ROUTE command is similar to the UNIX or Linux
route command. Use the command to manually configure the routes in the routing table.
Available for MS-Windows 9x, ME, NT, 2000, and XP.
EXAMPLE
route ? displays help
route print displays the routing table
7.5.3 Statistics Information
• NETSTAT (WINS & UNIX)
The netstat command symbolically displays the contents of various network-related data
structures, i.e. IP, TCP UDP …
Available for MS-Windows 9x, ME, NT, 2000, and XP.
EXAMPLE
netstat ? displays help
netstat -a display TCP and UDP connections and listening ports information
For further information on TCP/IP troubleshooting, please visit:
http://www.windowsitlibrary.com/Content/466/14/1.html
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7.6 Firmware Upgrading
The HiPR-900 radiomodem firmware is field-upgradable using the unit’s Ethernet port. The process involves connecting to the IP address of the unit from a host PC and transferring the firmware files via an
FTP program.
7.6.1 Procedure
1. Using a file decompression program, such as WinZIP™ or WinXP’s right-click & select the “Expand
to…” option, expand the contents of the firmware upgrade package to a directory of your choice on
the host PC.
Warning:
Files intended for the HiPR-900 radiomodem are labeled in the form
HiPR_900_Vx.x_Rx.xx.zip. Be careful not to transfer firmware into the wrong unit!
2. Using an FTP program of your choice (Figure 87), establish a connection to the unit IP address.
Please refer to paragraph 6.7.4.1 for “Username” and “Password” usage.
3. Dataradio highly recommends transferring the files in the following order
1) Transfer hipr900.bin
2) Transfer autostart-hipr900.rc
3) Transfer hwconfig-hipr900.rc
4) Transfer all remaining files.
Sometimes, long pauses (in the order of 30 to 45 seconds) are possible when storing the file in the
unit’s flash file system.
Warning:
Failure to follow the recommended procedure as detailed above may result in unit becoming unresponsive.
4. Once the file transfer is complete, cycle the unit’s power and allow the unit to boot. The unit should
return to the state that it was in when the update was started.
Figure 87 - Sample FTP program
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Note:
After resetting, the PWR LED remaining lit steady amber or red indicates the FTP transfer
was not successful or that the firmware is corrupt. Please contact Dataradio system engineering for assistance.
5. Verify the integrity of the newly transferred files.
a) Connect to the unit’s IP address using an Internet browser such as IE (5.0 or later) or Mozilla.
b) Enter the user name and password (in the usual manner) and allow the Welcome page to load.
c) In the left pane, click on Unit Status. The Unit Identification and Status pane should display the
newly upgraded firmware in its Banner (should correspond to the upgrade package version) and the
H/W Status should also show Ok.
d) In the left pane, click on Maintenance, then on Package Control. Wait a few moments for the re-
sults to display. Figure 76 shows a “Pass” result indication.
7.6.1.1 File Integrity Failure
If the message in the result screen points out that file(s) failed the integrity check, retry the FTP transfer
for the failed files(s) again.
If the problem persists, please have the Package Control result screen indications handy and contact Dataradio system engineering for assistance.
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8. Specifications
These specifications are subject to change without notice.
GENERAL
Product HiPR-900
Frequency
Configurations IP Bridge, IP Router
Management HTTP embedded web server for setup and help
Supported Protocols Ethernet IEEE 802.3 (Any protocol running over IP such as ICMP, IGMP, TCP,
Channels 51
Occupied Bandwidth 490kHz
Operating Temperature -30° to + 60° C
Humidity 95% at 40° C non-condensing
Supply voltage
Typical Rx Current Drain at 25°C
(Master mode)
Typical Tx Current Drain at 25°C
Cold start 1 8 seconds (typical)
Nominal Dimensions 5.50" W x 1.81" H x 4.25" D (13.97 x 4.6 x 10.8 cm)
Shipping Weight 2.26 lbs. (1.028 Kg)
Mounting Options Flat surface, DIN-rail option
30 dBm (1W) 405 mA 485 mA 170 mA 105 mA
20 dBm (.1W) 360 mA 430 mA 155 mA 095 mA
30 dBm (1W) 715 mA 845 mA 290 mA 180 mA
20 dBm (.1W) 445 mA 535 mA 190 mA 120 mA
10 - 30 VDC maximum or IEEE 802.3af Power-Over-Ethernet (PoE)
Power Out DC Input 12V DC Input 10V DC Input 30V PoE input
Power Out DC Input 12V DC Input 10V DC Input 30V PoE input
902- 928 MHz ISM band
UDP,IPSec, SNTP etc.)
IP Fragmentation
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
IP directed broadcast
IP limited broadcast
IP multicast relay
DHCP Client and Server
Network Address Translation (NAT)
Dynamic Routing (RIPv2)
TRANSMITTER
TX Frequencies
Mode Frequency-hopping spread-spectrum (FHSS)
TX Power Out User adjustable from 20 dB to 30 dB in 0.1 dB increments
Frequency Tolerance ±1.0 PPM
902.5 – 927.5 MHz
RECEIVER
RX Frequencies
Bit Error Rate (BER) -98dBm for 10x10
902.5 – 927.5 MHz
-6
@ 512kb/s (in Parallel Decode, typical)
-102dBm for 10x10
-6
@ 256kb/s (in Parallel Decode, typical)
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Modem / Logic
Data Rate 256/512 Kbps (user selectable)
Modulation Type RCFSK
Addressing IP
SETUP and COM Port
Interface EIA RS-232F DE9F
Data Rate 300 – 115,200 b/s (Defaults: Setup = 115.2Kbps, COM = 9.6 Kbps)
Display
5 Bi-color status LEDs LAN link, LAN activity, Tx/Rx, Sync, Power
Connectors
Antenna Connector Dual TNC female
Serial Setup Port DE-9F
Serial Terminal Server DE-9F
Ethernet RJ-45 10/100 BaseT auto-MDIX
Power -I/O
hole, 2 contacts male)
(right-angle, through
DRI p/n 690-01512-002
(On-Shore Technology p/n EDSTLZ951-2)
Diagnostics
Message elements
IP or MAC Address, Thinning value, Flag/Voltage source, Voltage, Temperature, Packet Error Rate,
Carrier Level, Average Background Level, Forward power, Reverse power
FCC / IC / UL Certifications
902.5- 927.5 MHz NP4-242-5099-100 773B-5099100 46A3
FCC IC (DOC) UL
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Appendix 1- Feature Comparison
Table 9 - Feature Comparison
Feature Full-Featured HiPR-900 Standard HiPR-900S
Master Operating mode
Remote Operating mode
Repeater Operating mode
Bridge IP Forwarding mode
Router IP Forwarding mode
Neighbor Discovery
IP Routing
High Speed (512 Kbit/s)
Ethernet
Setup Serial Port
COM Serial Port
SNMP
Parallel Decode
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√ √
√ √
√ √
√ √
√ √
√
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