Cabletron Systems ZX-250 User Manual

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

35 Industrial Way Rochester, NH 03866 USA (603) 332-9400

Part Number 04-0034-04 Rev-A Order Number 9032538

NOTICE

Cabletron Systems reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information contained in this document without prior notice. The reader should in all cases consult Cabletron Systems to determine whether any such changes have been made. The hardware, firmware, and software described in this manual are subject to change without notice.

IN NO EVENT SHALL CABLETRON SYSTEMS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENT AL, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, LOST PROFITS) ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS MANUAL OR THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN IT, EVEN IF CABLETRON SYSTEMS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF, KNOWN, OR SHOULD HAVE KNOWN, THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

Printed in the United States of America SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide Part Number 04-0034-04 Rev-A Order Number: 9032538 SmartCell, SPECTRUM, LANVIEW, MicroMMAC, and BRIM are registered trademarks and Element Manager,

EPIM, EPIMA, EPIM-F1, EPIM-F2, EPIM-F3, EPIM-T, EPIM-X, FOT-F, FOT-F3, HubSTACK, SEH, SEHI, and TMS-3 are tradem arks of Cabletr on Systems, Inc . All other product names mentioned in this manual may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.

ii SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

FCC CLASS A NOTICE

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

2p›F This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A

digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment uses, generates, and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed in accordance with the SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

>"•mamV Changes or modifications made to this device which are not expressly

approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

DOC CLASS A NOTICE

This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.

Le present appareil numerique n’emet pas de bruits radioelectriques depassant les limites applicables aux appareils numeriques de la class A prescrites dans le Reglement sur le brou illage radioelectrique edicte par le ministere des Communications du Canada.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide iii

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY ADDENDUM

Application of Council Directive(s):

89/336/EEC 73/23/EEC

Manufacturer’s Name: Manufacturer’s Address:

Product Name:

European Representative Name: European Representative Address:

Conformance to Directive(s)/Product Standards:

Cabletron Systems, Inc. 35 Industrial Way

P. O. Box 5005 Rochester, NH 03866

SmartCell ZX-250 SmartCell ZX-250i SmartCell ZX-250r

Mr. J. Solari Cabletron Systems, Limited

Nexus House, Newbury Business Park London Road, Newbury Berkshire RG13 2PZ, England

EC Directive 89/336/EEC EC Directive 73/23/EEC EN 55022 EN 50082-1 EN 60950

Equipment Type/Environment:

Networking Equipment, for use in a Commerci al or Light Industrial Environment.

We the undersigned, hereby declare, under our sole respo nsi bility, that the equipment packa ged with this notice conforms to the above directives.

Manufacturer:

Legal Repersentative in Europe:

iv SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

Full Name: Title: Location:

Mr. Ronald Fotino Principal Compliance Engineer Rochester, NH. U.S.A.

Mr. J. Solari Managing Director - E.M.E.A. Newbury, Berkshire, England

SAFETY INFORMATION CLASS 1 LASER TRANSCEIVERS

The ZX-IOM-29-4, ZX-IOM-29-4-IR, ZX-IOM-29-4 -LR, ZX-IOM-39-1 and ZX-IOM-39-1-LR connectors use Class 1 Laser transceivers. Read the following safety information before installing or operating one of these modu les.

The Class 1 Laser transceivers use an optical feedback loop to maintain Class 1 operation limits. This control loop eliminates the need for maintenance checks or adjustments. The output is factory set, and does not allow any user adjustment. Class 1 Laser transceivers comply with the following safety standards:

U 21 CFR 1040.10 and 1040.11 U. S. Department of Health and Human Services (FDA). U IEC Publication 825 (International Electrotechnical Commission). U CENELEC EN 60825 (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization).

When operating within their performance limitations, laser transceiver output meets the Class 1 accessible emission limit of all three standards. Class 1 levels of laser radiation are not considered hazardous.

LASER RADIATION AND CONNECTORS

When the connector is in place, all laser radiation remains within the fiber. The maximum amount of radiant power exiting the fiber (under normal conditions) is -12.6dBm or 55x10

Removing the optical connector from the transceiver a llows laser r adiation to emit d irectly f rom the o ptical po rt. Th e maximum radiance from the optical port (under worst case conditions) is 0.8 W cm

Do not use optical instruments to view the laser output. The use of optical instruments to view laser output increases eye hazard. When viewing the output optical port, you must remove power from the network adapter.

-6

watts.

-2

or 8x103 W m-2 sr-1.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide v

FIBER OPTIC PROTECTIVE CAPS

%"¤›apm READ BEFORE REMOVING FIBER OPTIC PROTECTIVE CAPS.

Cable assemblies and MMF/SMF ports are shipped with protective caps to prevent contamination. To avoid contamination, replace port caps on all fiber optic devices when not in use.

Cable assemblies and MMF/SMF ports that become contaminated may experience signal loss or difficulty inserting and removing cable assemblies from MMF/SMF ports.

Contamination can be removed from cable assemblies by:

U Blowing surfaces with canned duster (Chemtronics p/n ES1270 or equivalent). U Using a fiber port cleaning swab (Alcoa Fujikura LTS p/n ACT-01 or equivalent) saturated with

optical-grade isopropyl alcohol, gently wipe the end surface of ferrules first; then wipe down the sides of both ferrules.

U Blow ferrule surfaces dry with canned duster.

Contamination can be removed from MMF/SMF ports by:

U Using the extension tube supplied with canned duster, blow into the optical port, being careful not

to allow the extension tube to touch the bottom of the optical port.

U Reconnect cable and check f or proper mating. If problems remain, gen tly wipe out optical port with

a DRY fiber port cleaning swab and repeat step 1.

>"•mamV T o avoid contamination, replace port cap s on all fiber optic dev ices when not

in use.

vi SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

REGULATORY COMPLIANCE SUMMARY

SAFETY

The SmartCell ZX-250, SmartCell ZX-250i, and SmartCell ZX-250r meet the safety requirements of UL 1950, CSA C22.2 No. 950, EN 60950, IEC 950, and 73/23/EEC.

EMC

The SmartCell ZX-250, SmartCell ZX-250i, and SmartCell ZX-2 50r meet the EMC r equirements of FCC Part 1 5, EN 55022, CSA C108.8, VCCI V-3/93.01, EN 50082-1, and 89/336/EEC.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide vii

REVISION HISTORY

Document Name: SmartCell ZX-250 User Gu ide Document Part Number: 04-0034-04 Rev-A Document Order Number: 9032538

Author: Bruce Jordan Editor: Carre Gibson Illustrator: Michael Fornalski Cover Designer: Michael Fornalski

->Íi

<>˜Ö>ÀßÊ£™™Ç ä{†ääÏ{†ä£Ê-iÜ†" Initial release <Ö•ßÊ£™™Ç ä{†ääÏ{†äÔÊ-iÜ†" First revision

#VÍœLiÀÊ£™™Ç ä{†ääÏ{†äÏÊ-iÜ†" Second revision >ÀV…Ê£™™n ä{†ääÏ{†ä{Ê-iÜ†" Third revision

Revision Description

viii SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

2 Switch Installation and Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

2.1 Unpacking The Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

2.2 Check Accessory Carton Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

2.3 Inspecting the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

2.3.1 DS3 and E3 I/O Module Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4

2.4 Installing the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

2.4.1 Desktop Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

2.4.2 Rack Installation for ZX-250 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

2.4.3 Rack Installation for ZX-250r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -8

2.5 Switch Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

2.6 Using the Console. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13

2.6.1 Console Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13

2.6.2 Console Time-out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15

2.6.3 Creating an Alias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15

2.6.4 Ambiguous Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16

2.6.5 Console Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16

2.7 SmartSwitch ATM Administrator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17

2.7.1 Installation Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18

2.7.2 Starting SmartSwitch ATM Administrator the First Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19

2.7.3 Accessing Online Help. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20

3 IP Over ATM and LANE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

3.1 Creating an IP over ATM VLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

3.1.1 ATM Addressing for IP over ATM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

3.2 Creating an Emulated LAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

3.2.1 ATM Addressing for LAN Emulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6

3.2.2 ELANs Across Multiple Switches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

3.2.3 Switch Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

4 Switch Administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

4.1 Backing Up and Restoring Switch Configurations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1

4.2 ATM Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

4.2.1 Creating an IISP Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

4.2.2 UNI Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

4.2.3 Route Metrics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

4.3 IP Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

4.4 Events and Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide ix

Table of Contents

4.4.1 Event Categories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9

4.4.2 Viewing Events and Alarms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-10

4.4.3 Deleting Events and Alarms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-11

4.5 PVC Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-11

4.5.1 Point-to-Point PVCs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-12

4.5.2 Point-to-Multipoint PVCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-12

4.5.3 Connecting to Local Switch Client Through a PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14

4.5.4 Non-zero VPIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-14

4.6 Traffic Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-17

4.6.1 Traffic Descriptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-17

4.6.2 Call Admission Control Policy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-19

4.6.3 EFCI, EPD, and RM Thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-22

4.7 Upgrading and Changing Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-23

4.7.1 Accessing the Boot Load Prompt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-23

4.7.2 Boot Load Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-24

4.7.3 Upgrading Boot Load Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25

4.7.4 Upgrading POST Diagnostic Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-27

4.7.5 Upgrading Switch Operating Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-28

4.7.6 Using the Update Firmware Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-29

4.8 Saving Core Dumps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-30

4.9 Performing Hardware Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-32

4.9.1 Required Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-32

4.9.2 Internal Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-32

4.9.3 CPU Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-33

4.9.4 Main Switch Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-33

4.9.5 Extended Switch Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-33

4.9.6 I/O Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-34

4.9.7 Removing a Switch Module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-34

4.9.8 Removing I/O Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-36

4.9.9 Replacing a Switch Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-37

4.9.10 Upgrading Main Switch Module (MSM-16 to MSM-32) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-40

4.9.11 Adding an Expansion Switch Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-40

4.9.12 Adding New I/O Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-40

4.9.13 Adding a Power Supply Module (SmartCell ZX-250r Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-41

4.9.14 Removing a Power Supply Module (SmartCell ZX-250r Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-42

4.9.15 Replacing a Fuse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-44

5 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-1

5.1 Troubleshooting IP over ATM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-1

5.2 Troubleshooting LAN Emulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2

5.3 Troubleshooting PNNI LinkS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

5.4 Troubleshooting Congestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3

5.4.1 Diagnosing Congestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-4

5.4.2 Global Congestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-4

5.4.3 Port Congestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-5

A Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

x SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

Table of Contents

B Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-1

B.1 Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-1

B.2 ZX-250r Redundant Power Supply Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-2

B.3 Technical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-3

C Agent Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-1

C.1 MIB, SMI, MIB Files and Internet MIB Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

C.1.1 ZeitNet Cabletron Proprietary MIBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2

C.1.2 Relation Between Object Identifier and the Represented Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C -3

C.1.3 Supported Protocols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-4

C.1.4 Supported SMI Formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-4

C.1.5 Zeitnet Cabletron Proprietary MIB Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-4

C.1.6 SmartCell ZX-250 MIB Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-5

C.1.7 MIB Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-6

C.2 Managing the SmartCell ZX-250 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-7

C.2.1 Console Commands that Affect the Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-7

D Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-1

D.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-1

D.2 Telephone Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-1

D.3 FAX Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-1

D.4 Electronic Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-1

D.5 Placing A Support Call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-1

D.6 Hardware Warranty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-2

D.7 Software Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-2

D.8 Repair Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-2

Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-1

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide xi

Table of Contents

xii SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2-1 Front panel of a SmartCell ZX-250 ATM switch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Figure 2-2 Rear view of ZX-250. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Figure 2-3 Rear view of ZX-250r with both power supply modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -3

Figure 2-4 Airflow space for the ZX-250 in desktop environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -5

Figure 2-5 Attaching mounting brackets.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

Figure 2-6 After brackets are attached, mount the switch in the rack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

Figure 2-7 Attaching mounting brackets.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9

Figure 2-8 After brackets are attached, mount the switch in the rack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

Figure 2-9 ZX-250 console and network connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12

Figure 2-10 SmartSwitch ATM Administrator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18

Figure 4-1 IISP route across PNNI domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

Figure 4-2 Routes needed for a second IISP switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

Figure 4-3 IP routing through SW1for connectivity to the Ethernet network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9

Figure 4-4 Memory locations affected by the boot load commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25

Figure 4-5 Internal components of the SmartCell ZX-250 ATM switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34

Figure 4-6 Remove the bezel from the chassis base. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-35

Figure 4-7 Extractor lever arm function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-35

Figure 4-8 Removing a switch module from the lower switch module position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-36

Figure 4-9 I/O module (installation/removal). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-37

Figure 4-10 Line up module on the nylon card guides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-38

Figure 4-11 Push seated card in with even pressure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-39

Figure 4-12 Complete seating of card with lever arms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-40

Figure 4-13 Rear view of a ZX-250r redundant power supply module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-41

Figure 4-14 Rear view of ZX-250r with single power supply module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-42

Figure 4-15 Holding screw for power supply module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-43

Figure 4-16 RPS module extraction and replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-43

Figure 4-17 Pry out the fuse assembly.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-44

Figure 4-18 Detail of fuse assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-45

Figure B-1 Front panel of the SmartCell ZX-250 ATM switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-1

Figure B-2 ZX-250r power supply module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-2

Figure C-1 Internet MIB hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2

Figure C-2 ZeitNet Private MIBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-3

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide xiii

List of Figures

Figure C-3 ZeitNet Cabletron ZX-250 MIB object identifier example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4

xiv SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2-1 I/O module ID numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Table 2-2 DS3 and E3 Module settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Table 2-3 Default accounts and passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19

Table 4-1 Values for VPI and VCI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15

Table 4-2 Traffic descriptor type number explanation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18

Table 4-3 Settings for QoS queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-22

Table 4-4 Boot load commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24

Table B-1 Front Panel LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B -1

Table B-2 Power Supply Module Lamps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3

Table B-3 Hardware Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-3

Table B-4 Physical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-4

Table B-5 Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-4

Table B-6 Power Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-4

Table B-7 ATM Port Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-5

Table B-8 Protocols Standards and Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-5

Table B-9 Management Standards and Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-6

Table B-10 RJ-45 to DB-9 Adapter (PC Serial Port Adapter). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-6

Table C-1 Zeitnet proprietary MIB groupings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C -4

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide xv

List of Tables

xvi SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

1 INTRODUCTION

Welcome to the SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide. This manual will help you quickly and easily install, configure, and manage your SmartCell ZX-250 ATM switch.

By performing the steps described in chapters two and three of th is m a nual, your switch will be physically installed, accessible on your Ethernet network, and ru nning either an IP over A T M VLAN or an emulated Ethernet LAN. Chapter four explains procedures for switch use and maintenance. Chapter five shows you how to troubleshoot VLANs, ELANs, and traffic management problems.

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SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 1-1

Introduction

1-2 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

2 SWITCH INSTALLATION AND SETUP

After you read this chapter, you will be able to perform the following tasks:

U Initial installation of the switch U Complete the initial configuration U Use the console interface U Install the SmartSwitch ATM Administrator graphical management software

2.1 UNPACKING THE SWITCH

Remove the accessory carton from the ZX-250 shipping box. Carefully remove the switch from its packing material.

2.2 CHECK ACCESSORY CARTON CONTENTS

Open the accessory carton and check that it contains the following items: — 7-foot UTP cable terminated on both ends with RJ-45 connectors — 6-foot AC power cord (1 or 2 cords depending on switch model and options) — RJ-45 to 9-pin female adapter (labeled PC) — Console cabling instruction sheet — Diskettes containing switch software, MIB files, SmartCell ATM Administrator software, and release notes — Two rack-mount brackets

— two-hole brackets for ZX-250 — four-hole brackets for ZX-250r

— Rack mount bracket screws

— four #8-32 x 0.38 flat head screws for ZX-250

— four #8-32 x 0.38 flat head screws, four #6-32 x 0.38 flat head screws for ZX-250r — SmartCell ZX-250 Release Notes — SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide — SmartCell 6A000/ZX-250 Reference Manual

2p›F If any of these items are missing, contact Cabletron customer support

immediately.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 2-1

Inspecting the Switch Switch Installation and Setup

2.3 INSPECTING THE SWITCH

Depending on the configurati on order ed, y our swi tch look s si milar t o the drawin g in F igur e 2-1. You may have fewer I/O modules than displayed in the drawing, in which case the missing modules are replaced by metal blanks.

Inspect the switch and make certain that its configuration corresponds to what was ordered. Check the following:

— Correct model number on the SmartCell ZX-250 switch sticker. On the ZX-250, the sticker is on the back. On the ZX-250r, the sticker is on the bottom.

— Voltage rating on the power sticker. — Input/Output (I/O) modules are of the correct type and quantity. Check the ID numbers on the I/O module

faceplates (see Table 2-1).

2p›F All Single-Mode fiber connectors on I/O modules are blue.

Figure 2-1 Front panel of a SmartCell ZX-250 ATM switch

Figure 2-2 Rear view of ZX-250

2-2 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

R R

ITE MULTIPORT

SWITCH UNIT

ZX-250

LISTED

16EO

THIS DEVICE COMPLIES WITH PART 15 OF THE FCC RULES. OPERATION IS SUBJECT TO THE FOLLOWING TWO CONDITIONS: (1) THIS DEVICE MAY NOT CAUSE HARMFUL INTERFERENCE, AND (2) THIS DEVICE MUST ACCEPT ANY INTERFERENCE RECEIVED, INCLUDING INTERFERENCE THAT MAY CAUSE UNDESIRED OPERATION.

CAUTION: FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST RISK OF FIRE, REPLACE ONLY WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING OF FUSE.

FUSE: 4A, 250V

LINE: 115V ~ 2.6A 60/50 Hz

SN NET.

ADD.

Switch Installation and Setup Inspecting the Switch

CAUTION: For continued protection against risk of fire, replace only with same type and rating of fuse.

Line: 100 - 125V ~ 3.2A 200 - 240V ~ 1.6A 50/60 Hz

AC Power OK

DC Power OK

Figure 2-3 Rear view of ZX-250r with both power supply modules

2p›F The ZX-250r (redundant power supply model) performs power sensing,

automatically configuring itself for the applied line voltage (115V or 230V).

>"•mamV NEVER pick up the SmartCell ZX-250r by its power supply handles.

Table 2-1 I/O module ID numbers

Face Plate Number Physical specifications

CAUTION: For continued protection against risk of fire, replace only with same type and rating of fuse.

Line: 100 - 125V ~ 3.2A 200 - 240V ~ 1.6A 50/60 Hz

AC Power OK

DC Power OK

ZX-IOM-21-4 ZX-IOM-22-4 ZX-IOM-29-4 ZX-IOM-29-4-IR ZX-IOM-29-4-LR ZX-IOM-31-1 ZX-IOM-39-1 ZX-IOM-39-1-LR ZX-IOM-67-4 ZX-IOM-77-4

155 Mbps OC-3/STM-1, MMF/SC (4 port) 155 Mbps STS-3c/STM-1, UTP-5/RJ-45 (4port) 155 Mbps OC-3/STM-1, SMF-IR/SC (1port) MMF/SC (3 port) 155 Mbps OC-3/STM-1, SMF-IR/SC (4 port) 155 Mbps OC-3/STS-1, SMF-LR/SC (4 port) 622 Mbps OC-12/STM-4, MMF/SC (1 port) 622 Mbps OC-12/STM-4, SMF-IR/SC (1 port) 622 Mbps OC-12/STM-4, SMF-LR/SC (1 port) 45 Mbps DS-3, Coax/BNC (4 port) 34 Mbps E-3, Coax/BNC (4 port)

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 2-3

Installing the Switch Switch Installation and Setup

If the switch’s hardware or software configuration is incorrect, contact Cabletron customer support immediately.

2.3.1 DS3 and E3 I/O Module Configuration

Table 2-2 shows the pre-configured values for both the DS3 (ZX-IOM-67-4) and E3 (ZX-IOM-77-4) I/O modules. These values cannot be changed. Accordingly, configure the connecting device’s interface to use these values.

Table 2-2 DS3 and E3 Module settings

Protocol Mode Framing Empty Cell Timing Scrambling Length

DS3 E3

plcp cbit unassigned internal off greater than 225 ft. plcp G.751 unassigned internal off N/A

2.4 INSTALLING THE SWITCH

SmartCell ZX-250 switches are designed to operate eith er while sitting on a desktop on their rubber feet or while mounted in a rack by side-panel mounting brackets.

2.4.1 Desktop Installation

ZX-250 switches can be installed on any clean, dry , stable surface (desktop) that allows for at least four inches of clear space on both sides of the switch:

U ZX-250 — 17.5 inches wide by 14.5 inches deep U ZX-250r — 17.5 inches wide by 20.5 inches deep

2p›F Because the ZX-250r power supply modules install from the back of the switch,

you may want to select a surface that provides sufficient room to remove and install the power supply modules.

2-4 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

Switch Installation and Setup Installing the Switch

Airflow

Minimum Clearance for Airflow

4 in.

4 Inches

Minimum Clearance for Airflow

Figure 2-4 Airflow space for the ZX-250 in desktop environment

s• Place the switch on the desktop so that it rests on its rubber feet. Do not place other objects closer

than four inches from the sides of the switch. This clear space must be maintained to insure proper air flow.

%"¤›apm Do not place the ZX-250 switch on its side. Doing so will impede airflow,

resulting in equipment overheating and eventual loss of operation or component damage.

¢• Check the power label on the back of the switch to make sure that the required line voltage

corresponds to the line voltage you are using.

2p›F The ZX-250r (redundant power supply model) performs power sensing,

automatically configuring itself for the applied line voltage (115V or 230V).

•• Insert the supplied power cord into the 3-prong power plug receptacle on the back of the switch.

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SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 2-5

Installing the Switch Switch Installation and Setup

%"¤›apm The SmartCell ZX-250 switch must be attached to a grounded 3-prong outlet.

Ensure that the outlet has a proper safety ground. Do not defeat the safety ground by using a 2-prong adapter or extension cord. Doing so voids the new product warranty.

2p›F For information on power consumption, see Appendix B, “Specifications.”

This desktop installation is complete. Proceed to the “Switch Configuration” section.

2.4.2 Rack Installation for ZX-250

Y ou can i nstall the Smart Cell ZX-250 in a standard 19-inc h mounting r ack by using the prov ided side-moun t brackets. Each switch occupies 4.5 inches of rack space or b etween two and three “rack mounting units.” This installation results in an air gap of approximately 0.5 inches vertically between switches. There must be an air gap of at least four (4) inches on either side of the rack for proper air flow to the cooling fans. (the ZX-250 chassis are 17.5 inches wide by

14.5 inches deep.)

s• With the ZX-250 switch resting on a flat surface, use a Phillips screwdriver to mount the brackets

on both sides of the front of the switch (see Figure 2-5). Use two (2) #8-32 x 0.38 flat-head screws to attach each bracket to the side of the chassis.

Figure 2-5 Attaching mounting brackets.

2-6 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

Switch Installation and Setup Installing the Switch

¢• With the brackets in front of the rack’ s uprights, attach the brackets to th e rack, using two (2) #10-3 2

x 0.50 flat-head screws on each side (see Figure 2-6).

>"•mamV The ZX-250 switch is heavy enough to make one-person i nstallation dif ficult.

For this reason, it is advisable to have someone assist you.

Figure 2-6 After brackets are attached, mount the switch in the rack.

%"¤›apm The mounting brackets must be attached to the switch before mounting the

switch on the rack. Each switch must be mounted to the rack with all four (4) screws. Every switch must be supported by its own brackets. DO NOT stack a unit directly on top of a mounted switch. DO NOT use rack-mounted shelves that interfere with air flow.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 2-7

Installing the Switch Switch Installation and Setup

•• Check the power label on the back of the switch to make sure that the required line voltag e

corresponds to the line voltage you are using.

T• Insert the supplied power cord into the 3-prong power receptacle on the back of the switch.

Q• +•Ö}ÊÍ…iÊ«œÝiÀÊVœÀ`Êˆ˜ÍœÊ>Ê>˜Ê"+ÊœÖÍ•iÍÊÍ…>ÍÊ>VVi«ÍÃÊÏ†«Àœ˜}Ê«•Ö}Ã°

%"¤›apm The SmartCell ZX-250 switch must be attached to a grounded 3-prong outlet.

Ensure that the outlet has a proper safety ground. Do not defeat the safety ground by using a 2-prong adapter or extension cord. Doing so voids the new product warranty.

2p›F For information on power consumption, see Appendix B, “Specifications.”

Rack installation is complete. Proceed to the section: “Switch Configuration.”

2.4.3 Rack Installation for ZX-250r

You can install the SmartCell ZX-250r s wit ch i n a st an dard 19- inch mounting rack by using t he pr ovi ded side-mount brackets. Each switch occupies 4.5 inches of rack space or between two and three “rack mounting units.” This installation results in an air gap of approximately 0.5 inches vertically between switches. There must be an air gap of at least four (4) inches on either side of the rack for proper air flow to the cooling fans. (ZX-250r chassis are 17.5 inches wide by 20.5 inches deep.)

>"•mamV If you perform the following procedure with the SmartCell ZX-250r power

supplies installed, make certain that the they are locked in place.

NEVER lift or move the SmartCell ZX-250r by its power supply handles.

s• With the SmartCell ZX-250r switch resting on a flat surface, use a Phillips screwdriver to remove

two (2) #6-32 screws from each side of the switch chassis (see Figure 2-7). These screws are replaced by screws included with the SmartCell ZX-250r rack mount components.

¢• Mount the brackets on both sides of the front of the switch (see Figure 2-7). Attach each bracket to

the side of the chassis using two (2) #8- 32 x 0.38 flat-head screws and t wo (2) #6-32 x 0.38 flat-head screws.

2-8 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

Switch Installation and Setup Installing the Switch

Remove two screws on side of ZX-250

#6-32 X 0.38

#8-32 X 0.38

Figure 2-7 Attaching mounting brackets.

•• With the brackets in front of the rack’ s uprights, attach the brackets to th e rack, using two (2) #10-3 2

x 0.50 flat-head screws on each side (see Figure 2-8).

>"•mamV The ZX-250r switch is heavy enough to make one-person installation

difficult. For this reason, it is advisable to have som e one assist you.

>"•mamV Do not pick up the SmartCell ZX-250r by its power supply handles.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 2-9

Installing the Switch Switch Installation and Setup

Figure 2-8 After brackets are attached, mount the switch in the rack.

%"¤›apm The mounting brackets must be attached to the switch before mounting the

T• Insert the supplied power cord into the 3-prong power receptacle on the back of the switch.

Q• +•Ö}ÊÍ…iÊ«œÝiÀÊVœÀ`Êˆ˜ÍœÊ>Ê>˜Ê"+ÊœÖÍ•iÍÊÍ…>ÍÊ>VVi«ÍÃÊÏ†«Àœ˜}Ê«•Ö}Ã°

%"¤›apm The SmartCell ZX-250r swit ch mus t be at tached to a grounded 3-prong out le t.

Ensure that the outlet has a proper safety ground. Do not defeat the safety ground by using a 2-prong adapter or extension cord. Doing so voids the new product warranty.

2-10 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

Switch Installation and Setup Switch Configuration

2p›F For information on power consumption, see Appendix B, “Specifications.”

Rack installation for the ZX-250r is complete. Proceed to the next section: “Switch Configuration.”

2.5 SWITCH CONFIGURATION

Initial configuration of your ZX-250 switch consists of setting the name, Ethernet IP address, and subnet mask. Once this is done, the switch can be reached for add itional configuration an d administration throu gh your E thernet network.

Perform the following steps to configure initial s witch parameters:

s• Configure a dumb terminals or PCs runn ing emulation software to use the followin g communication

parameters:

† Baud rate = 9600 † Data bits = 8 † Stop bits = 1 † Parity = none † Flow Control = none

¢• Plug one end of the supplied RJ-45 UTP cable into the 9-pin COM port RJ-45 adapter.

2p›F For information about adapter wiring configurations, see Appendix B,

“Specifications.”

Plug the other end of the UTP cable into the ZX-250 female RJ-45 jack labeled Terminal, located at the bottom center of the switch’s front panel (see Figure 2-9).

•• Connect the switch to your network by plugging a UTP cable into the ZX-250 female RJ-45 jack

labeled Ethernet, located at the lower right of the switch’s front panel (see Figure 2-9) .

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 2-11

Switch Configuration Switch Installation and Setup

NO SYNC

DATA

1 2 3 4

NO SYNC DATA

ZX-250

Terminal

1 2 3 4

NO SYNC

DATA

1 2 3 4

NO SYNC DATA

TERMINAL ETHERNET

Terminal

RJ-45

Port

Ethernet

Hub

Ethernet

RJ-45

Port

MON

RX DATAPOWERSTATUSFAILRESET TX DATA

DIAG

TEST

Figure 2-9 ZX-250 console and network connections

T• Start the dumb terminal or PC and its terminal emulation software; then turn on the ZX-250 switch. Q• As the SmartCell ZX-250 powers up, a series of diagnostic messages appears on the terminal’s

screen.

–• After the diagnostics are finished, the switch prompts for a password. Enter the default password,

“admin.”

•• 0…iÊÃÝˆÍV…Ê«Àœ“«ÍÃÊvœÀÊÍ…iÊˆ˜vœÀ“>Íˆœ˜Ê˜iViÃÃ>ÀßÊÍœÊ“>ŽiÊÍ…iÊÃÝˆÍV…Ê>VViÃÃˆL•iÊÍ…ÀœÖ}…ÊßœÖÀÊ.Í…iÀ˜iÍÊ

˜iÍÝœÀŽ°

U Switch name U IP address U Subnet mask

Once you enter these parameters and reboot the switch, you can log of f the local conso le connection. You can perform all additional configuration over your network using a telnet connection.

2p›F Only one console connection is allowed at any time. To reach the SmartCell

ZX-250 through telnet, you must exit the local terminal connection by entering the

exit command.

2-12 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

Switch Installation and Setup Using the Console

The following is an example of the init ial configuration session:

SmartCell ZX Version 2.1 (c) Cabletron Inc. password:: admin The current user is Administrator Could not find setup file Running Setup Automatically SwitchName() : My_ZX250 IPAddress(0.0.0.0) : 210.160.77.254 IPNetMask(255.0.0.0) : 255.255.255.0 Confirm(y/n)?:y Changing IP Address on System. Telnet session (if any) will be lost. SmartCell ZX #

< “admin” is the default password

< a switch name < an IP address < a subnet mask

Before continuing to chapter 3, “IP over ATM and LANE,” read the following sections for information about

U Using the SmartCell X-250 console U Installing and getting started with the Windows-based SmartSwitch ATM Administrator application

2.6 USING THE CONSOLE

Use the ZX-250 console interface to configure and manage your switch. The fo llowing is a description of the console interface and its operation.

2.6.1 Console Commands

2p›F For detailed descriptio ns of console commands, see the Smart Cell 6A000/ZX-250

Reference Manual.

All console commands use the syntax:

operator switch-attribute [<parameter 1> <parameter 2>... <parameter n>]

Where the operator is one of the following:

show ( display): Show the current values used by a switch-attribute. add ( create): Add a new instance of a switch-attribute. delete ( remove): Delete an instance of a switch-attribute. modify ( set): Change the values that currently define a switch-attribute. start: Start a process on the switch; for example, start the LAN Emulation Configuration Server. restart: Restart a process on the switch; for example, restart a client. flush: Remove assigned values; for example, flush a route table. alias: Create easier names for often-used commands and their parameters.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 2-13

Using the Console Switch Installation and Setup

Entering parameters at the command line is op tional. If a comman d requires parameter values, it prompts you for them. For instance, in the example below, indicating that you want to show configuration information about port

SmartCell ZX # show portconfig a1 ================================================== Port: A1

------------------------------------------------- Parameter Configured Current

------------------------------------------------- Sig Type autoConfig pnni10 Sig Role other symmetric Interface Type private private Max vpi bits 0 0 Max vci bits 12 12 Max SVC vpci 0 0 Min SVC vci 32 32 Max Vccs 4096 4096

------------------------------------------------- Other parameters

------------------------------------------------- Port Admin Status UP Ilmi Admin Status Enabled AddressRegistration Connectivity Oper State UP Trans Type STS-3c Media Type MMF (S) Bandwidth 155 MB SmartCell ZX #

show is the operator, portconfig is the switch-attribute, and a1 is the parameter

A1.

If you don’t specify parameters with the command, the console prom pts you for an inp ut value and provides a defau lt value display ed in p arenthe sis. For example, if yo u enter the following appears. Here, the default of “

all” ports is presented. You can either accept the default by pr essing Enter ,

show portconfig without specifying a port (as a parameter),

or you can enter a specific port number. Taking the default displays the following:

SmartCell ZX # show portconfig PortNumber(ALL) : Port Intf Sig Trans Media Speed Oper ID Type Type Type Type (MB/s) State ============================================================================== A1 private pnni10 STS-3c MMF (S) 155 MB UP A2 private autoConfig STS-3c MMF (S) 155 MB DOWN A3 private autoConfig STS-3c MMF (S) 155 MB DOWN A4 private autoConfig STS-3c MMF (S) 155 MB DOWN B1 private autoConfig STS-3c MMF (S) 155 MB DOWN B2 private autoConfig STS-3c MMF (S) 155 MB DOWN B3 private autoConfig STS-3c MMF (S) 155 MB DOWN B4(CPU) private uni31 STS-3c MMF (S) 155 MB UP C1 private autoConfig STS-3c SMF (I) 155 MB DOWN C2 private autoConfig STS-3c MMF (S) 155 MB DOWN C3 private autoConfig STS-3c MMF (S) 155 MB DOWN C4 private autoConfig STS-3c MMF (S) 155 MB DOWN D1 private autoConfig STS-3c CAT5 UTP 155 MB DOWN D2 private autoConfig STS-3c CAT5 UTP 155 MB DOWN D3 private autoConfig STS-3c CAT5 UTP 155 MB DOWN D4 private autoConfig STS-3c CAT5 UTP 155 MB DOWN SmartCell ZX #

2p›F When you accept the (all) default for show, the information displayed is often

abridged.

2-14 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

Switch Installation and Setup Using the Console

2.6.2 Console Time-out

The console can be config ured t o ex it if it does not sense a key stroke within a defined l engt h of ti me. By default, the SmartCell ZX-250 is set to never time-out (value = 0). To activate the time-out feature, use the

set ConsoleTimeOut

command to adjust the time-out period:

SmartCell ZX # set consoletimeout Timeout(0) : 30 Confirm (y/N)? : y SmartCell ZX #

<Will time-out in 30 minutes wit h out input

2.6.3 Creating an Alias

Use the add alias command to create shorter or easier-to-remember names for command lines. For example:

SmartCell ZX # add alias AliasName() : traffic AliasedString() : set switchtrafficcongestion SmartCell ZX #

The above example creates an alias (traffic) that you can enter in place of the command set

SwitchTrafficCongestion

SmartCell ZX # traffic Queue1EFCIThreshold(4096) : Queue2EFCIThreshold(4096) : Queue3EFCIThreshold(4096) : Queue4EFCIThreshold(4096) : LowEPDWatermark(10922) : HighEPDWatermark(21845) : RMCellMarkingEnable(1) : EFCIMarkingEnable(1) : SmartCell ZX #

. For example:

Enter the show alias command to display a list of all defined aliases and the co mmand lines to which they correspond.

:SmartCell ZX # show alias AliasName(ALL) : Alias List ============================================================================== Index Alias Name : Aliased Command 1 PING : Start ping 2 xxx : show portconfig 3 traffic : set switchtrafficcongestion SmartCell ZX #

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 2-15

Using the Console Switch Installation and Setup

2.6.4 Ambiguous Commands

If you enter part of a command, and that part is not uniq ue, the consol e display s a numbered li st of pos sible matc hing commands. For example, entering “pnnin.” In response, the SmartCell ZX-250 displays a list of the possible commands:

SmartCell ZX # show pnnin Objects beginning with pnnin for action show 0 : PnniNeighbor 1 : PnniNetworkLink 2 : PnniNetworkNode 3 : PnniNode 4 : PnniNodeTimer (#)Command (Q)uit? : 3 SmartCell ZX # show PnniNode

Selecting number three from the list automatically enters the corresponding command; pressing enter executes the command:

PNNI Node Information ================================================================================ Level : 80 Node Id : 50:a0:39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:28:c1:80:00:20:d4:28:c1:80:00 Lowest : TRUE Admin Status : UP Oper Status : UP Atm Address : 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:28:c1:80:00:20:d4:28:c1:80:00 Peer Group Id: 50:39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00 Rst Transit : FALSE Rst Branching: FALSE DB Overload : FALSE Ptse : 2 SmartCell ZX #

show pnnin is ambiguous because there are several commands that start with

< “pnnin” is ambiguous

< I meant PnniNode, so I enter numb er three (3) from the list

2.6.5 Console Help

The console provides several levels of help for console commands. For example, to list the switch attributes that can be used with a particular operator, enter the word

help (or ?) followed by the operator.

2-16 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

Switch Installation and Setup SmartSwitch ATM Administrator

To obtain an explanation of a command and its parameters, enter the word help (or ?) before the command.

SmartCell ZX # ? add laneclient Create LANE Client ============================================================================ ClientNumber Local Client Number (0-127) LanName Name of the ELAN to join ServerType Type of LANE Server [LECS, LES] ServerAddress ATM Address of the LANE Server IPAddress IP Address of the Client NetMask IP Netmask of the Client MTU MTU for the Client [1516, 9234, NONE] SmartCell ZX #

While entering a command, you can obtain help about the current parameter by entering a question mark (?) at the prompt. For example:

SmartCell ZX # add atmroute PortNumber(A1) : a3 AtmAddress() : 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:72:80 PrefixLength(104) : Index(0) : Type(Internal) : ? The type of reachability. Use Internal, Exterior, or Reject. Type(Internal) :exterior Scope(0) : MetricsTag(0) : SmartCell ZX #

2p›F Press the Esc key to back out of any command before you enter the last value.

2.7 SMARTSWITCH ATM ADMINISTRATOR

SmartSwitch ATM Administrator is a Windows application that manages SmartCell ATM switches. It supports the following operations:

U Switch management U Emulated Local Area Network (ELAN) management U Connection management U Alarm management U Switch discovery

Additionally, the SmartSwitch ATM Administrator provides the following capabilities that are not available from the console interface:

U Use a graphical user interface U Perform drag and drop operations U Manage all switches from one console U Perform transactions across multiple switches (for example, create an ELAN when the servers are

not co-located

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 2-17

SmartSwitch ATM Administrator Switch Installation and Setup

Figure 2-10 SmartSwitch ATM Administrator

2p›F Capabilities that are not available from the SmartSwitch ATM Administrator are

debugging and tracing.

SmartSwitch ATM Administrator can be in stall ed on a PC ru nnin g Windows NT 4.0, Windows NT 3.51 , or W i ndows 95, and requires the following PC hardware configuration:

U Pentium 133 Mhz or faster processor U 20 MB disk space U 32 MB RAM U Monitor with resolution of at least 800 x 600 pixels U Network connections (either Ethernet or ATM) to the switches you manage

2.7.1 Installation Steps

The installation process for SmartSwitch ATM Administrator is essentially the same for all the supported operating systems. Follow these instructions for installation on NT 4.0, NT 3.5.1, or Win95.

2-18 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

Switch Installation and Setup SmartSwitch ATM Administrator

s• If you are using diskettes, make backup copies of the SmartSwitch ATM Administrator diskettes.

Put the original diskettes in a safe place; use them if your backup copies become unusable. Use yo ur backup copies to complete the installation procedure.

¢• Load Disk 1 into drive

or note the network <path> to the directory that contains the SmartSwitch

ATM Administrator files.

•• Start the installation software:

† NT 4.0 or Win95, click Start then click Run † NT 3.5.1, select the File menu and click Run

T• Enter

Q• The Software License Agreement dialog box appears. Follow the instructions on the screen and click

a:\setup.exe

<path>\Disk1\setup.exe

Yes to proceed.

–• The Welcome dialog box appears. Read the instructions and click Next to proceed.

•• The Choose Destination Location screen appears. Follow the instructions on the screen and click

Next. Setup performs the following tasks:

to install from drive

to install from the network

† Copies several files to c:\ZXAdmin or to the destination you sp ecified † Creates a program group called SmartCell ZX Network Management Tools (Common) † Creates icons in the group:

SmartSwitch ATM Administrator – starts the application Online Help – starts the on-line help Readme – displays release notes UnInstall SmartSwitch ATM Administrator – removes the application from your PC

G• The Setup Complete dialog box appears. Read the message and click Finish. n• The Information dialog box appears. Click OK.

2.7.2 Starting SmartSwitch ATM Administrator the First Time

When you use SmartSwitch ATM Administrator for the first time, you should change the d efault passwords to preven t unauthorized access to the application. The application arrives with two user accounts set up, as described in Table 2-3.

Table 2-3 Default accounts and passwords

User Name Access Level Default Password

admin Administrator admin guest Guest guest

s• In the SmartCell ZX Network Management Tools (Common) program group, double click on the

icon labeled SmartSwitch ATM Administrator. The SmartSwitch ATM Administrator Login dialog box appears.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 2-19

SmartSwitch ATM Administrator Switch Installation and Setup

¢• Enter the default user name,

•• Enter the default password,

admin

. The user name is case sensitive.

admin

, and click the OK button or press Enter. The password is case

sensitive.

T• The SmartSwitch ATM Administrator window appears. On the Applications menu, select User

Management.

2.7.3 Accessing Online Help

All SmartSwitch ATM Administrator operations (including changing passwords and adding users) are documented within the application’s online help. Follow these instructions to access the on-line help facility.

s• From the Help menu, select SmartSwitch AT M Administrator Help Topics. ¢• The Help Topics dialog box appears. You have three options for viewing online help:

† Click the Contents tab to show the Table of Contents of the onl ine hel p. C l ic k on t he to pi c yo u

wish to read about.

† Click the Index tab to select from an alphabetical list of help topics. † Click the Find tab to search for a particular topic.

2-20 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

3 IP OVER ATM AND LANE

This chapter describes working with the SmartCell ZX-250 IP over ATM VLAN and emulated LAN capabilities. At the end of this chapter you will be able to use your SmartCell ZX-250 switch to

U Create an IP over ATM VLAN U Create an emulated Ethernet LAN (LANE)

3.1 CREATING AN IP OVER ATM VLAN

This section describes implementing IP over ATM on your SmartCell ZX-250 switch. The following assumptions are made:

U The ZX-250 switch will have a client on the IP over ATM VLAN U The ARP server will reside on the switch and correspond to the address of the switch client U All end nodes (computers, edge devices, and so on) support Switched Virtual Circuits (SVCs)

s• Log into the switch, either through the terminal port or through the Ethernet interface by telnet. ¢• Create a client on the switch and assign it as the ARP server for the VLAN.

SmartCell ZX # add ipatmclient ClientNumber(0) : 1 ServerType(NONE) : local ServerAddress() : IPAddress() : 90.1.1.1 NetMask(255.0.0.0) : 255.255.255.0 MTU(9180) : SmartCell ZX #

< the ARP serv er is assigned to the switch client

< IP address is for example only

< subnet mask is for example only

The example above creates a client on the switch, designates the client as the ARP server for the VLAN (

ServerType = local), and assigns the client an IP address and subnet mask.

2p›F The command add ipatmclient always prompts you with a subnet mask that is

appropriate for the IP address. However, if necessary, you can change the subnet mask to correspond to the strategy employed within your networks.

2p›F Never create an IP over ATM VLAN (or an IP over ATM client) with the same

subnet as the SmartCell ZX-250 Ethernet port.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 3-1

Creating an IP over ATM VLAN IP Over ATM and LANE

•• Enter the show client co m mand to make sure the client is operational and to obtain the 20-by te

ATM address of the ARP server. For instance, if you used the client number (client 1) from the example in step 2, enter the following command.

SmartCell ZX # show client 1 IP/ATM Client 1 ============================================================================ Client State : Operational Client Address : 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:00:5A:01:01:01:00 Server : is local Server Connection : Established MTU : 9180 IP Address : 90.1.1.1 IP NetMask : 255.255.255.0 SmartCell ZX #

T• Physically connect your end nodes and edge devices to the ZX-250 ports.

2p›F Your end nodes do not need to be physically attached to the switch that contains

the ARP server. For example, an end station is connected to a ZX-250 switch that is connected through a route to the switch containing the ARP server . No special configuration is needed for this end station to participate in the VLAN because the end station automatically finds its path across the route to the ARP server and the other VLAN members.

Q• Configure the ATM interface or adapter for end nodes and edge devices. Typically, configuration

consists of designating IP over ATM as the protocol, assigning the device an IP address, and specifying the 20-byte ATM address of the ARP server (the switch’s client address). For details on the SmartCell ZX-250 automatic addressing scheme for IP over AT M, see Section 3.1.1.

–• As your end devices are configured and started, they register with the ARP server. You can test

whether your IP over ATM VLAN is func tional by pinging from one e nd device to another.

T o make certain that all end devices are registered with the ARP server, you can inspect the switch’s ARP table using the

show ipatmarp command. For example, if three end devices with IP addresses 90.1.1.2, 90.1.1.3, and 90.1.1.4 are

added to the VLAN, the following ARP table entries should exist:

SmartCell ZX # show ipatmarp ClientNumber(ALL) : IP/ATM Server 1 ARP Table IP Address ATM Address ============================================================================

90.1.1.2 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:00:5A:01:01:02:00 IP/ATM Server 3 ARP Table IP Address ATM Address ============================================================================

90.1.1.3 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:00:5A:01:01:03:00 IP/ATM Server 5 ARP Table IP Address ATM Address ============================================================================

90.1.1.4 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:00:5A:01:01:04:00 SmartCell ZX #

3-2 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

IP Over ATM and LANE Creating an Emulated LAN

2p›F If configured devices fail to join the VLAN, see Chapter 4, Section 4.2.2, “UNI

Routes.” Also, see Chapter 5, Section 5.1, “Troubleshooting IP Over ATM.”

You have completed the process for creating an IP over ATM VLAN. Continue to the next section f or instructions on creating an emulated LAN or go to Chapter 4, “Switch Administration,” for information about SmartCell ZX-250 switch operations and maintenance.

3.1.1 ATM Addressing for IP over ATM

The SmartCell ZX-250 provides a default format for ATM addresses used by IP over ATM. The default format is constructed as follows:

netprefix + two zero bytes + IP address of the device (in hex) + a trailing zero byte Where the netprefix is constructed from 39 + nine zero bytes + the last three bytes of the device’s MAC address For instance, if the switch’ s MAC address is

the 20-byte ATM address of the ARP server is

39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:00:5A:01:01:01:00

Where

39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80 00:00

= two trailing zeros

5A:01:01:01

= trailing zeros byte

= IP address 90.1.1.1 in hexadecimal

00:20:D4:14:41:80 and

= netprefix

the switch’s client IP address is

90.1.1.1,

then

3.2 CREATING AN EMULATED LAN

This section describes the steps for implementing an Ethernet Emulated LAN (ELAN) on your SmartCell ZX-250 switch. The following assumptions are made:

U The SmartCell ZX-250 switch will contain a client on the ELAN. U All end no des (co mpu ters, edge devices, other swi t ches , and s o o n) support the Well Known LECS

Address or can obtain the address of the LECS using ILMI.

U All end nodes support Switched Virtual Circuits (SVCs).

2p›F An ELAN comes pre-configured on SmartCell ZX-250 switches. The ELAN

name is “ELAN000.” T o use this ELAN, start the LE CS, configure your end nodes and edge devices to use this ELAN000, and then plug them into the SmartCell ZX-250.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 3-3

Creating an Emulated LAN IP Over ATM and LANE

s• Enter the start LECS command to activate LANE server services on this switch.

SmartCell ZX # start lecs NOTICE - 'LECS' ***** LECS started ***** SmartCell ZX #

¢• Create an ELAN on your SmartCell ZX-250 switch by executing the add elan command. The

following is an example.

SmartCell ZX # add elan ELANNumber(0) : 1 ELANName(ELAN001): Marketing ConnectMethod(SVC): ELANType(802.3) Multipoint(YES) : MTU(1516) : Distribute(PROXY) : SmartCell ZX #

•• Create a client for the switch on the ELAN. For example, enter

SmartCell ZX # add laneclient ClientNumber(0) :1 LanName(ELAN001) : Marketing ServerType(LECS) : ServerAddress() IPAddress() : 90.1.1.1 NetMask(255.0.0.0): 255.255.255.0 MTU(1516) : SmartCell ZX #

<1 is used instead of the default, (0)

<ELAN is named Marketing instead of the default, (ELAN000)

<The default (Etherne t) is used

<One is used instead of the de fault, (0) < ELAN name is Marketing, not the default, (ELAN001)

<No LANE server address is speci fied; see note below < IP address and subnet mask are included only as examples

2p›F The command add laneclient always prompts you with a subnet mask that is

appropriate for the IP address. However, if necessary, you can change the subnet

mask to correspond to the strategy employed within your networks.

2p›F When you create a client, it automatically finds the LECS address using ILMI.

As the local client joins the ELAN, the following messages are sent to the Event log:

NOTICE - 'ZLESSRV' LES Join 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:D4: 14:41:82:00 NOTICE - 'ZLESSRV' BUS Connect 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:D4: 14:41:82:00

%"¤›apm Never create an ELAN (or ELAN client) with the same subnet as the SmartCell

ZX-250 Ethernet port.

3-4 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

IP Over ATM and LANE Creating an Emulated LAN

T• Enter the show client command to make certain that the client is operational.

SmartCell ZX # show client 1 LANE Client 1 ============================================================================ Client State : Operational Client Address : 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:D4:14:41:81:00 LAN Name : Marketing LECS Addr Source : ILMI LECS Address : 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:D4:14:41:80:01 LES Address : 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:D4:14:41:82:02 LAN Type : 802.3 MTU : 1516 IP Address : 90.1.1.1 IP NetMask : 255.255.255.0 SmartCell ZX #

2p›F While creating an ELAN client for the switch is not absolutely necessary, it does

provide management connect i v it y with the switch over its ATM ports (instead of the Ethernet port). See Chapter 4, “Switch Administration” for information about how to reach switches not directly connected to the Ethernet network.

Q• Physically connect your end nodes and edge devices to the SmartCell ZX-250 ports. –• Configure the A TM interface or adapter for all end nodes and edge devi ces. T ypically, configuration

consists of specifying LAN Emulation as the protocol, assigning the device an IP address that corresponds to the subnet of the switch’s client, and indicating that you want the device to either acquire the LECS address through ILMI or use the Well Known Address as the address for the LECS. For details on the SmartCell ZX-250 automatic addressing scheme for LANE, see Section 3.2.1.

•• As each end device registers with the LES and BUS, messages are sent to the event log of the

SmartCell ZX-250 containing the LECS. Y ou can check conn ectivity by pinging between end nodes.

2p›F If configured devices fail to join the ELAN, see Chapter 4, Section 4.2.2, “UNI

Routes.” Also, see Chapter 5, Section 5.2, “Troubleshooting LAN Emulation.”

Your ELAN is now operational. Additional ELANs can be created in the same way. See Chapter 4, “Switch Administration,” for information about SmartCell ZX-250 switch operations and maintenance.

2p›F While it is possible for a single ELAN on the SmartCell ZX-250 switch to support

multiple subnets, in general, switc h performance is best (and management eas iest) when the “One-subnet-per-ELAN” rule is observed.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 3-5

Creating an Emulated LAN IP Over ATM and LANE

3.2.1 ATM Addressing for LAN Emulation

The SmartCell ZX-250 provides a default format for ATM addresses used by LAN emulation. The default format is constructed as follows:

netprefix + the MAC address of the device + a Selector Byte Where the netprefix is constructed from 39 + nine zero bytes + the last three bytes of the switch’s MAC address The Selector Byte specifies to whom the ATM address belongs.

= LEC

= LECS

= LES or BUS

For instance, if the switch’s MAC address is

39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:

00:20:D4:14:41:80

, then the 20-byte ATM address of the LECS is:

00:20:D4:14:41:80:01

Where

39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80 00:20:D4:14:41:80 01

= the Selector Byte indicating that this is the LECS

= the switch’s MAC address

= netprefix

Additionally, within both the LES and BUS addresses, the byte that corresponds to the last byte of the MAC addres s is summed with the ELAN number. For example, the ATM address of the LESs on ELAN000, ELAN001, and ELAN010 are

LES for ELAN000 = LES for ELAN001 = LES for ELAN010 =

39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:D4:14:41:80:02 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:D4:14:41:81:02 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:D4:14:41:8A:02

3.2.2 ELANs Across Multiple Switches

ELANs can exist within a single switch, or they can span multiple switches. When an ELAN spans multiple switches, it’s important that all switches within the group use the same LECS. The general rule is: “Within an administrative domain (a group of switches with related ELANs), there should be one and only one LECS.” For this reason, never start the LECS on more than one switch within the administrativ e domain.

2p›F If an uplink or end node does not support PNNI, or if its version of ILMI is

incompatible, it may be necessary to set up a static route between the device and

the rest of the ELAN. See Section 4.2, “ATM Routing.”

3-6 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

IP Over ATM and LANE Creating an Emulated LAN

3.2.3 Switch Clients

It is important to understand the concept of SmartCell ZX-250 switch client connections. A client connection is actually a connection between the VLAN and the SmartCell ZX-250 CPU; this CPU connection appears as if the switch is an end station on the VLAN. The SmartCell ZX-250 uses local clients to connect itself to the VLANs that it supports.

This is analogous to a phone company that supports a communication system. Even though the phone company maintains the circuits, a call to the phone company itself cannot be made unless the phone company has its own number and connection on its own phone system. Similarly , VLAN member ship (and the reachability) of a SmartCell ZX-250 on any particular VLAN depends upon whether the SmartCell ZX-250 has a local client connection for that VLAN.

Clients are created using the command

add laneclient for LAN emulation, and add ipatmclient for IP over A TM.

For example, the following command adds a switch client to the ELAN elan1:

SmartCell ZX# add laneclient ClientNumber(0) : 1 LanName(ELAN001) : elan1 ServerType(LECS) : ServerAddress() : IPAddress() : 128.213.77.95 NetMask(255.255.0.0) : MTU(1516) : SmartCell ZX#

Prior to creating this local client connection, end devices could communicate with each other through elan1, but they could not communicate with the SmartCell ZX-250.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 3-7

Creating an Emulated LAN IP Over ATM and LANE

3-8 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

4 SWITCH ADMINISTRATION

This chapter contains software and hardware administrative tasks that you may need to perform on your SmartCell ZX-250. Administrative tasks include:

U Backing up switch configuration U Creating routes and connecting switches U Using switch events and alarms U Creating PVC connect ions U Managing switch traff ic U Using low-level boot load switch commands U Upgrading switch software U Saving switch core dumps to a TFTP server U Disassembling the switch for component upgrade or replacement U Adding or replacing a ZX-250r power supply U Checking and replacing fuses

4.1 BACKING UP AND RESTORING SWITCH

CONFIGURATIONS

Once your SmartCell ZX-250 ATM switch is up and running (or you have made extensive changes to the configuration), you should back up the switch configuration. If the flash RAM gets formatted or corrupted, you can restore the switch configuration from the backup file.

2p›F The backup command backs up only the configuration files. It does not back up

an image of the switch’s operating software.

T o perfor m a back up or r estore, you mu st have TFTP server software running on an en d station that’s reachable by the SmartCell ZX-250. The TFTP server software. Often, this directory is /tftpboot; however, it may be different with your TFTP server software. Backup file names can be anything. Both the target backup directory and its file must exist and have appropriate read/write permissions for the backup to complete successfully.

The

backup command prompts you for the IP address of the TFTP server end station, the backup path, and the name

of the file within which you are sav ing the config uration. For examp le, if the IP add ress of the TFTP server end station is 90.1.1.100, and you want t o save t h e s witch configuration in the file named config-1 under the d irect ory /back _di r, enter the following:

SmartCell ZX# backup switch ServerIP() : 90.1.1.100 Path() : /back_dir/config-1 SmartCell ZX#

backup command copies the configuration files on the switch to a directory specified by the

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 4-1

ATM Routing Switch Administration

Once you enter the backup command, the switch stores the IP address of the TFTP server, the path, and the backup file name. The next time the and path. For example, when the

SmartCell ZX# restore switch ServerIP(90.1.1.100) : Path(/back_dir/config-1) : SmartCell ZX # Backup file is valid. Restoring a backup file will completely replace any data stored in the flash. Are you sure this is what you want to do? Confirm(y/n)?: y SmartCell ZX #

2p›F The switch must be rebooted for the restore to take effect.

backup or restore commands are entered, these values are presented as the default IP address

restore command is entered, the following appears:

4.2 ATM ROUTING

The SmartCell ZX-250 default routing protocol is PNNI version 1.0. PNNI provides automatic and dynamic connectivity among all PNNI nodes within the same peer group. For purposes of interoperability, however, the SmartCell ZX-250 also supports these additional ATM routing protocols:

U IISP — Use to connect with devices that do not support PNNI U UNI — Use to connect end stations (also to connect devices whose implementation of ILMI is

incompatible with the SmartCell ZX-250)

2p›F Both IISP and UNI routes are created and modified using the ATMRoute command.

The proper route type is determined by the SmartCell ZX-250 through interface

signaling information.

4.2.1 Creating an IISP Route

Use the add ATMRoute command to create an IISP route that links the SmartCell ZX-250 to a device that supports only IISP routing. For example,

s• Physically connect port b2 of the SmartC ell ZX-250 to the IISP device. ¢• Enter show NetPrefix to determine the net prefix of port b2 on the SmartCell ZX-250:

SmartCell ZX # show netprefix b2 Port NetPrefix ============================================================================== B2 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80 SmartCell ZX #

•• Determine the address of the IISP device. (For this example, this could be a port address, we use

52:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:51:80)

4-2 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

Switch Administration ATM Routing

T• Enter the add ATMRoute command to create a static route to the IISP device:

SmartCell ZX # add atmroute PortNumber(A1) : b2 AtmAddress() : 52:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:51:80 PrefixLength(104) : Index(0) : Type(Internal) :exterior Scope(0) : MetricsTag(0) : SmartCell ZX #

2p›F The add ATMRoute command allows you to specify a set of metrics to be used with

the route. For more on metrics and metric tags, see Section 4.2.3 “Route Metrics.”

Q• Enter th e show ATMRoute command to determine whether the route was created:

SmartCell ZX # show atmroute AddressNumber(ALL) : No. Port Route Address Type Protocol ================================================================================ 1 B4 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:d4:14:41:80 I MGMT 2 B4 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:d4:14:41:81 I MGMT 3 -- 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:59:00 I PNNI 4 -- 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:28:e9:80 I PNNI 5 -- 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:28:f5:00 I PNNI 6 B4 47:00:79:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:a0:3e:00:00:01 I MGMT 7 B2 52:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:51:80 I MGMT SmartCell ZX #

The route to the IISP device appears on the last line (Route No. 7).

–• Create a route on the IISP device that refers to the net prefix

(

39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80) of port b2 on the SmartCell ZX-250.

2p›F For IISP routes to work with certain devices, ILMI may also need to be disabled

on the SmartCell ZX-250. Use the

set PortConfig command to disable ILMI on

the SmartCell ZX-250 on a per-port basis.

IISP Routing Considerations

When creating routes between the SmartCell ZX-250 (running PNNI) and IISP devices, the criteria that characterize IISP connectivity still apply. To reach a SmartCell ZX-250 within the PNNI domain, the IISP device must have a configured route that points directly to a por t on th e tar g et SmartCell ZX-250. Co nver sely, there must be a SmartCell ZX-250 that has a direct physical link (and a route over that link) to the IISP device. The following two examples illustrate this point.

In Figure 4-1 Switch A is an IISP device connected to the PNNI domain through Switch B . Switch A contains an LEC, which is a member of an ELAN whose LECS is on Switch C (within the PNNI domain). If the LEC on Switch A is to make contact with the LECS on Switch C, Switch A must contain an IISP route (denoted by the dotted line) directly to switch C. Furthermore, Switch B must contain a route to switch A over the physical link that connects the two switches.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 4-3

ATM Routing Switch Administration

2p›F Dotted lines in the diagrams below represent one-way routes to the devices

pointed to by the arrowheads. Each route is defined on the d evice from which the

dotted line originates.

LEC

Physical link

IISP route

IISP Domain PNNI Domain

LECS

Figure 4-1 IISP route across PNNI domain

A second IISP device (Switch D) is added behind Switch A. If Switch D also needs to reach Switch C for LECS support, you must define additional IISP routes between Switches D and C, B and D, and A and D. Figure 4-2 shows the typical “route to every point reached” IISP topology.

LEC

Figure 4-2 Routes needed for a second IISP switch

4-4 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

Physical link IISP route

IISP Domain PNNI Domain

LECS

Switch Administration ATM Routing

4.2.2 UNI Routes

Use the add ATMRoute command to create UNI routes. For example, connect an end station adapter (with MAC address 00:11:22:33:44:55) to port A2 of the SmartCell ZX-250. If the adapter does not support ILMI or its ILMI is incompatible with the SmartCell ZX-250, you must create a static UNI route between the adapter and port A2 of the SmartCell ZX-250.

s• Enter the show netprefix command to obtain the netprefix of port A2

SmartCell ZX # show netprefix PortNumber(ALL) : a2 Port# NetPrefix ============================================================================ A2 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:59:00 SmartCell ZX #

¢• Reconfigure the adapter with an ATM address made f rom the netpr efix of po rt A2 an d th e adapter’ s

MAC address: 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:59:00:00:11:22:33:44:55:00.

•• Use the add ATMRoute command to create a static UNI route that specifies port A2 and the adapter’s

new ATM address.

SmartCell ZX # add atmroute PortNumber(A1) : a2 AtmAddress() : 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:59:00:00:11:22:33:44:55:00 PrefixLength(152) : Index(0) : Type(Internal) : Scope(0) : MetricsTag(0) : SmartCell ZX #

T• Enter the show ATMRoute command to check that the UNI route was added.

SmartCell ZX # show atmroute AddressNumber(ALL) : No. Port Route Address Type Protocol ================================================================================ 1 B4 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:d4:14:41:80 I MGMT 2 B4 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:d4:14:41:81 I MGMT 3 -- 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:59:00 I PNNI 4 A2 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:59:00:00:11:22:33:44:55 I MGMT 5 -- 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:28:e9:80 I PNNI 6 -- 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:28:f5:00 I PNNI 7 B4 47:00:79:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:a0:3e:00:00:01 I MGMT 8 B2 52:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:51:80 I MGMT SmartCell ZX #SmartCell ZX #

The UNI route appears in the table as route number four (No. 4).

2p›F For UNI routes to work with certain devices, ILMI may also need to be disabled

on the SmartCell ZX-250. Use the

set PortConfig command to disable ILMI on

the SmartCell ZX-250 on a per-port basis.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 4-5

ATM Routing Switch Administration

4.2.3 Route Metrics

Route metrics are assigned to rou tes using a metric tag (one of the input par ameters for add ATMRoute). The metric tag specifies a particular pair of incoming and outgoing metrics contained within a list of metrics. Metrics are created using the

add PNNIMetric command. Each metric pair specifies a set of values that describe a route’ s Service Category, cell

rates, bandwidth, and administrative weight. Locally, metric values determine the behavior of the link , while network-wide, PNNI’s Generic Call Admission Control (GCAC) assesses metrics when establishing calls.

In the following example, a metric pair is created (with metric tag of nine) th at specifies CBR as the Service Category, administrative weight of 200, Max Cell Rate of 1000 cells per second, and an Available Cell Rate of 750 cells per second.

First, we create the outgoing member of the metric pair:

SmartCell ZX # add pnnimetrics MetricsTag(1) : 9 TrafficDirection(Outgoing) : ServiceCategory(UBR) : cbr GCAC_CLP(2) : AdminWeight(5040) : 200 MaxCellRate(-1) : 1000 AvailableCellRate(-1) : 750 MaximumCellTransferDelay(-1) : CellDelayVariation(-1) : CellLossRatioForCLP=0(-1) : CellLossRatioForCLP=0+1(-1) : CellRateMargin(-1) : VarianceFactor(-1) :

< 1st pair member, we accept the default

Next, we create the incoming member of the metric pair:

SmartCell ZX # add pnnimetrics MetricsTag(1) : 9 TrafficDirection(Outgoing) : incoming ServiceCategory(UBR) : cbr GCAC_CLP(2) : AdminWeight(5040) : 200 MaxCellRate(-1) : 1000 AvailableCellRate(-1) : 750 MaximumCellTransferDelay(-1) : CellDelayVariation(-1) : CellLossRatioForCLP=0(-1) : CellLossRatioForCLP=0+1(-1) : CellRateMargin(-1) : VarianceFactor(-1) : SmartCell ZX #

< 2nd pair member, we set as incoming

4-6 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

Switch Administration IP Routing

Enter show PNNIMetric to view the newly created metric pair:

SmartCell ZX # show pnnimetrics Metrics(ALL) :

Metrics Metrics Tag Direction Index GCAC CLP Admin Wt Service Categories ================================================================================ 1 0x9 Incoming 0x10 CLP0+1 200 CBR 2 0x9 Outgoing 0x10 CLP0+1 200 CBR 3 0x111113 Outgoing 0x1 CLP0+1 5040 UBR 4 0x111113 Outgoing 0x2 CLP0+1 5040 ABR 5 0x111113 Outgoing 0x4 CLP0 5040 NRTVBR 6 0x111113 Outgoing 0x18 CLP0 5040 CBR RTVBR 7 0x111114 Outgoing 0x1 CLP0+1 5040 UBR 8 0x111114 Outgoing 0x2 CLP0+1 5040 ABR 9 0x111114 Outgoing 0x4 CLP0 5040 NRTVBR 10 0x111114 Outgoing 0x18 CLP0 5040 CBR RTVBR

SmartCell ZX #

The newly created metric pair appears at the top of the list. Once the metric is created, we can specify its metric tag number within the definition of a route:

SmartCell ZX # add atmroute PortNumber(A1) : b2 AtmAddress() : 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:55:77:88 PrefixLength(104) : Index(0) : Type(Internal) : Scope(0) : MetricsTag(0) : 9 SmartCell ZX #

< The index tag of our metric pa ir

Administrative Weight and Parallel Routes

A route’s administrative weight defines its desirability to the PNNI routing service with regard to computing a path to a particular location. The lower the administrative weight, the more desirable the route. For example, a route with administrative weight 200 is considered a better route than one with the default weight of 5040. As a result, the administrative weight provides a quantitative way to control which routes are favored for call set up.

The ability to control the PNNI routing service in this fashion allows for parallel routes into an IISP domain to be weighted such that one route is designated as the default, while the other becomes the backup route. This default/backup routing topology is typically used where a link to a particular domain requires a high degree of reliability. If the default route becomes congested or reaches its bandwidth limit, the routing service can initiate load sharing by routing additional calls th rough the backup route.

4.3 IP ROUTING

The SmartCell ZX-250 switch provides limited IP routing. IP routing allows switches that are not connected directly to the Ethernet to communicate with an Ethernet-based NMS. The connection is made by adding IP routes on the non-connected switches that specify a client on a connected switch as their gateway to the Ethernet.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 4-7

IP Routing Switch Administration

2p›F SmartCell ZX-250 IP routing performance is inadequate for routing between

VLANS. If you need to create routes between VLANs on your SmartCell ZX-250,

use a Cabletron recommended router equipped with an ATM interface. Consult

Cabletron Customer Support for router product information.

For example,

† Switch SW1 and the NMS are on an Ethernet network with the address 128.205.99.0. † The IP address of SW1’s Ethernet port is 128.205.99.254. † The IP address of SW1’s LANE client is 90.1.1.254. † The IP address of SW2’s LANE client is 90.1.1.33. † SW2 is not physically connected to the Ethernet network. † SW2 is connected to SW1 through PNNI, and are both part of the same emulated LAN.

To reach SW2 with the Ethernet-based NMS, define an IP route on SW2 that assigns SW1’s switch client as SW2’s default gateway to the network 128.205.99.0. Enter the following on SW2 (see Figure 4-3):

SmartCell ZX # add route DestNetIP() : 128.205.99.0 GatewayIP() : 90.1.1.254 SmartCell ZX #

< address of the Ethernet network to reach < IP address of SW1’s LANE client

Switch SW2 can communicate with the NMS on the Ethernet network. To see the route, enter the show route command on SW2.

SmartCell ZX # show route ROUTE NET TABLE destination gateway flags Refcnt Use Interface

------------------------------------------------------------------------

0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1 0 0 zn0

90.1.1.0 90.1.1.33 1 0 1688 zn1

128.205.99.0 90.1.1.254 1 3 5660 ei0

-----------------------------------------------------------------------ROUTE HOST TABLE destination gateway flags Refcnt Use Interface

------------------------------------------------------------------------

127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 5 0 0 lo0

-----------------------------------------------------------------------SmartCell ZX #

2p›F The NMS must contain a route that specifies the Ethernet interface of the Ethernet

connected switch as the gateway to the ELAN subnet.

4-8 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

Switch Administration Events and Alarms

Switch client

SW2

ELAN

IP Route

ATM Link

on SW2, 90.1.1.33

Switch client on SW1 is defined as SW2’s gateway to the Ethernet

NMS

Switch client on SW1,

90.1.1.254

Figure 4-3 IP routing through SW1for connectivity to the Ethernet network

SW1

Ethernet interface

128.205.99.254

Ethernet network 128.205.99.0

4.4 EVENTS AND ALARMS

The SmartCell ZX-250 switch records and reports its operation in real-time thro ugh the u se of events and alar ms. An event is an occurrence of a significant activity. For instance, a port going down or a client joining an ELAN are examples of events. Alarms are a specific class of events defined as “events that the user needs to know abou t or attend to immediately .” Alarms do not always indicate switch faults. Alarms may also be informational events. For instance, “LECS Operational” is an example of an alarm that is not a switch fault, but is an activity th at the user should know about immediately.

4.4.1 Event Categories

Events are grouped into the following categories:

U Critical — Impacts the entire switch, leaving the system unavailable or in a degraded state U Major — Impacts a feature of the switch, leaving the feature unavailable or in a degraded state U Minor — Impacts the system or feature, leaving it in a sub-optimal state U Informational — An occurrence of an activity that the user should know about

Both events and alarms are stored within circular memory buffers. When the buffers become full, older events and alarms are overwritten by newer entries. Both events and alarms are stored in shared RAM. However, the 40 most recent alarms are also stored in flash RAM. Storing these 40 alarms in flash RAM makes them persistent between reboots of the SmartCell ZX-250, and provides information about the state of the switch prior to reboot.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 4-9

Events and Alarms Switch Administration

4.4.2 Viewing Events and Alarms

Use the show events command to view a list of the currently logged events. For example,

SmartCell ZX # show events Index(ALL) : 0 MINOR EVENT 000:00:08:410

--------------------------------------------------SAAL connection has become active, initiated by the peer Port ID 0x0000000b Protocol 0x02

1 MINOR EVENT 000:00:08:578

--------------------------------------------------SAAL connection has become active, initiated by the peer Port ID 0x0000000b Protocol 0x02

2 MINOR EVENT 000:00:29:560

--------------------------------------------------Sendto failed for IP address 206.61.231.153

More(<space>/q)?:

Events are displayed in the following format:

U Event number — The index number of the event in the circular buffer U Event ID — Unique ID assigned to the event U Time — Time of event, in switch up-time in hours, minutes, seconds, and milliseconds U Category — Whether this event is critical, major, minor, or informational U Object — The object affected by the event (port, LEC, and so on) U Description — Brief message describing the event

Event messages can be automatically displayed on the SmartCell ZX-250 console. Use the command to display events on the console as they occur:

SmartCell ZX # set eventdisplay EventDisplay(OFF) : on SmartCell ZX #

2p›F Depending on the activity of your SmartCell ZX-250, the appearance of events on

the SmartCell ZX-250 may be too frequent to use the Smar tCell ZX-250 co nsole

comfortably. It is recommended that you turn on the automatic display of events

only when troubleshooting.

set EventDisplay

4-10 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

Switch Administration PVC Connections

Use the show alarms command to view a list of the currently logged alarms. For example,

SmartCell ZX # show alarms Index(ALL) : 0 000:00:31:164

--------------------------------------------------LECS Operational

--------------------------------------------------Failed to re-establish SAAL connection Port ID 0x0000000b T309 10000

1 043:15:56:718

--------------------------------------------------Failed to re-establish SAAL connection Port ID 0x0000000b T309 10000

2 043:29:55:392 More(<space>/q)?:

Alarms are displayed in the following format:

U Alarm number — The index number of the alarm in the circular buffer U Alarm ID — Unique ID assigned to the alarm U Time — Time of alarm, in switch up-time in hours, minutes, seconds, and milliseconds U Object — The object affected by the alarm (port, LEC, and so on) U Description — Brief message describing the alarm

Alarm messages can be automatically displayed on the SmartCell ZX-250 console. Use the

set AlarmDisplay

command to display alarms on the console as they occur:

SmartCell ZX # set alarmdisplay alarmDisplay(OFF) : on SmartCell ZX #

4.4.3 Deleting Events and Alarms

T o delete events or alarms currently logged within your SmartCell ZX-250, use the delete events and delete alarms commands, respectively.

4.5 PVC CONNECTIONS

The SmartCell ZX-250 su pports Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs), both point -to-po int and poin t-to-mu ltip oint. Us e PVCs to connect devices (that do not support SVCs) to a switch’s local client. Also, use PVCs to make connections through the SmartCell ZX-250 between devices that support only PVCs.

Use point-to-point PVCs to connect one end node to another for two-way communication. Use point-to-multipoint PVCs to connect a broadcast end node to a group of receiving end nodes; traffic is one way.

2p›F PVCs use traffic descriptors to define their traffic characteristics. If you are

unfamiliar with traffic descriptors, see Section 4.6.1, “Traffic Descriptors.”

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 4-11

PVC Connections Switch Administration

4.5.1 Point-to-Point PVCs

The procedure for setting up a PVC connection between two end nodes through the SmartCell ZX-250 consists of specifying the ports and the virtual path and virtual channel identifiers (VPI and VCI).

s• Use add trafficdescriptor to define a traffic descriptor to use with the PVC

SmartCell ZX # add trafficdescriptor TrafficType(UBR) : cbr TrafficDescriptorType(2) : PCRCLP01(100) : PCRCLP0(0) : SCRCLP01(0) : SCRCLP0(0) : MBSCLP01(0) : MBSCLP0(0) : QOSCLASS(1) : AalType(5) : SmartCell ZX #

For this example, we specify CBR as the traffic type, then take the remaining defaults. Enter the show

trafficdescriptor

number is two (2).

SmartCell ZX # show trafficdescriptor ================================================================================== TD# Traff Desc QoS Peak Cell Rate Sust Cell Rate Max Burst Size Aal Type Type (Kb/s) (Kb/s) (Kb/s) Type CLP_0 CLP_0+1 CLP_0 CLP_0+1 CLP_0 CLP_0+1 ================================================================================== 2 CBR 2 1 0 100 0 0 0 0 5 176 NRTVBR 2 1 0 1585 0 0 0 0 5 SmartCell ZX #

¢• Use add pvc to create the PVC; specify the ports through which the connection is established, the

VPI/VCI pair to use with each port, and the traffic descriptor to use.

SmartCell ZX # add pvc ConnType(PTP) : LowPortID() : c1 LowVPI() : 0 LowVCI() : 100 HighPortID() : b2 HighVPI() : 0 HighVCI() : 100 FwdTrafficDescriptorIndex() : 2 BkwTrafficDescriptorIndex() : 2 SmartCell ZX #

command to obtain the index number of the new traffic descriptor. In this example, the index

<we specify port c1 <we specify VPI = 0 <we use VCI = 100 <we specify port b2

<we use our created traffic descriptor <we use our created traffic descriptor

The example above creates a PVC between ports C1 and B2 with VPI/VCI = 0/100.

•• Plug the end nodes into the specified SmartCell ZX-250 ports (C1 and B2). T• Configure each end node with the proper IP address, subnet mask, and VPI/VCI pair = 0/100.

The end nodes can communicate with each other through the point-to-point PVC connection.

4.5.2 Point-to-Multipoint PVCs

Instructions in this section describe how to set up a point-to-multipoint connection through your SmartCell ZX-250. Example: Create a point-to-multipoint connection between a broadcasting workstation on port A1 and three other

workstations connected to ports B2, B3, and C1.

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Switch Administration PVC Connections

s• Use add trafficdescriptor to create two new traffic descriptors, one for the forward direction, the

other for the backward direction. For this example, for the forward traffic descriptor , we select UBR and accept the defaults.

SmartCell ZX # add trafficdescriptor TrafficType(UBR) : TrafficDescriptorType(11) : PCRCLP01(100) : PCRCLP0(0) : SCRCLP01(0) : SCRCLP0(0) : MBSCLP01(0) : MBSCLP0(0) : QOSCLASS(0) : AalType(5) : md1 #

<this is the forward descriptor <we use UBR for this example

<we take the default values

However, on a point-to-multipoint connection there should be no traffic in the backward direction, so we define the backward traffic descriptor with its Cell Loss Priorities set to zero (0)

md1 #add trafficdescriptor TrafficType(UBR) : TrafficDescriptorType(11) : PCRCLP01(100) :0 PCRCLP0(0) : SCRCLP01(0) : SCRCLP0(0) : MBSCLP01(0) : MBSCLP0(0) : QOSCLASS(0) : AalType(5) : SmartCell ZX #

¢• Use show trafficdescriptor to obtain the new traffic descriptors’ index numbers.

<this is the backward descriptor

<we set everything to ze ro

In the example above, traffic descriptor six (6) will be used in the forward direction , and traffic descriptor seven (7) will be used in the backward direction.

•• Use add pvc to successively create point-to-multipoint PVCs for ports B2, B3, and C1.

SmartCell ZX # add pvc ConnType(PTP) : pmp LowPortID() : a1 LowVPI() : 0 LowVCI() : 101 HighPortID() : b2 HighVPI() : 0 HighVCI() : 101 FwdTrafficDescriptorIndex() : 6 BkwTrafficDescriptorIndex() : 7 SmartCell ZX #

T• Perform step 3 for ports B3 and C1. Q• Connect the workstations to their respective ports.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 4-13

PVC Connections Switch Administration

–• Configure the workstations for the same subnet and VPI/VCI pair = 0/101.

The broadcasting workstation on port A1 can send traffic to the receiving workstations on ports B2, B3, and C1.

4.5.3 Connecting to Local Switch Client Through a PVC

All PVC connections to the SmartCell ZX-250 local clients use B4 (the CPU port) as the HighPort. Follow these instructions to connect an end node to a SmartCell ZX-250 local client through a point-to-point PVC.

s• Use add pvc to create the PVC.

SmartCell ZX # add pvc ConnType(PTP) : LowPortID() : a1 LowVPI() : 0 LowVCI() : 100 HighPortID() : b4 HighVPI() : 0 HighVCI() : 100 FwdTrafficDescriptorIndex() : 2 BkwTrafficDescriptorIndex() : 2 SmartCell ZX #

¢• Use add ipatmclient to create the IP over ATM local client.

SmartCell ZX # add ipatmclient ClientNumber(0) : 2 ServerType(NONE) : local ServerAddress() : IPAddress() : 10.1.1.0 NetMask(255.0.0.0) : MTU(9180) : SmartCell ZX #

•• Use add ipatmpvc to associate the end node’s IP address with the PVC.

SmartCell ZX # add ipatmpvc ClientNumber(0) : 2 DestinationIP() : 10.1.1.22 DestinationVPI(0) : DestinationVCI(33) : 100 SmartCell ZX #

T• Connect the end node to port A1 of the SmartCell ZX-250. Q• Configure the end node with IP address 1 0.1.1.22, subnet mas k 255.0.0.0, and VPI/ VCI pair = 0/100.

<we use a point-to-point PVC <for this example, we c onnect through port a1

<HighPort must be b4

<we use client # 2 in this exam ple <ARP server on the switch

<specify local client number

<end node’s IP address

<VCI was specified as 100

4.5.4 Non-zero VPIs

The SmartCell ZX-250 uses 12 bits to define VPI/VCI pairs. The vccmask determines how many of the 12 bits are used for the VPI and how many are used for the VCI. The combinations. Table 4-1 shows the registers and the values that come preconfigured on the SmartCell ZX-250.

4-14 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

vccmask uses a 2-bit register to hold four dif ferent VPI/VCI 12-bi t

Switch Administration PVC Connections

Table 4-1 Values for VPI and VCI

VCC Mask Index VPI Bits VPI Values VCI Bits VCI Values

0 0 0 12 0 to 4096 1 2 0 to 3 10 0 to 1023 2 4 0 to 15 8 0 to 255 3 6 0 to 63 6 0 to 63

Use the show vccmask command to view the four preconfigured VPI/VCI combinations.

SmartCell ZX # show vccmask MaskIndex VpiShift VciShift (In bits) (In bits) ============================================================================ 0 0 12 1 2 10 2 4 8 3 6 6 SmartCell ZX #

VCCMask combinations dictate what numerical values can be used f or VPI/VCI pairs. Any VPI and VCI pairs that fit the bit distribution of one of the indexed combinations can b e used fo r defin ing a PVC. I f the VPI and VCI v alues d o not fit one of the indexed combinations, the SmartCell ZX-250 uses the closest matching indexed combination.

If you need to use values for VPI and VCI that do not fall within the range of one of the preconfigured indexed combinations, use the

set vccmask command to replace one of the preconfigured combinations.

For example, change VCCMask indexed combination zero (0) from VPI = 0 bits and VCI = 12 bits to VPI = 3 bits and VCI = 9 bits.

s• Use set vccmask to change the VPI/VCI values to 3/9.

SmartCell ZX # set vccmask MaskIndex(0) : VPIShift(0) : 3 VCIShift(12) : 9 SmartCell ZX #

¢• Use the show vccmask command to see the new VPI/VCI combination.

SmartCell ZX # show vccmask MaskIndex VpiShift VciShift (In bits) (In bits) ============================================================================ 0 3 9 1 2 10 2 4 8 3 6 6 SmartCell ZX #

<for index 0, VPI/VCI now equa ls 3/ 9

<we replace the fi rst VPI/ V CI pair

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 4-15

PVC Connections Switch Administration

•• Use the set portconfig command to reconfigure a port to use the new values for VPI and VCI . For

example, to set up a PVC on port A1 using the new VPI/VCI bit ranges (3/9), enter

SmartCell ZX # set portconfig a1 PortAdminStatus(up) : IlmiAdminStatus(enable) : IlmiAddressRegistration(enable) : IlmiConnectivity(enable) : SigType(autoConfig) : SigRole(other) : InterfaceType(private) : MaxVpiBits(0) : 3 MaxVciBits(12) : 9 MaxSvcVpi(7) : MinSvcVci(32) : MaxVccs(4096) : SmartCell ZX #

T• Use show portconfig to see the change to port A1.

SmartCell ZX # show portconfig a1 ================================================== Port: A1

------------------------------------------------- Parameter Configured Current

------------------------------------------------- Sig Type autoConfig pnni10 Sig Role other symmetric Interface Type private private Max vpi bits 3 0 Max vci bits 9 9 Max SVC vpci 7 0 Min SVC vci 32 32 Max Vccs 4096 4096

------------------------------------------------- Other parameters

<VPI on port A1 can now be any 3-b it number <VCI on port A1 can now be any 9-bit number

PVCs can be configured for port A1 using VPI values from 0 to 7 and VCI values from 0 to 511.

2p›F Do not set the VCI part of the VCCMask to fewer than 5 bits.

2p›F Do not change the VCCMask for the CPU port (B4).

4-16 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

Switch Administration Traffic Management

4.6 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

This section describes how the SmartCell ZX-250 manages bandwidth and congestion. It briefly describes console commands that affect how the SmartCell ZX-250 manages traffic. This section also provides guidelines for setting some traffic control parameters.

2p›F For information on troubleshooting traffic congestion problems, see Chapter 5,

“Troubleshooting.”

The SmartCell ZX-250 has extensive abilities for managing the flow of traffic. Traffic management includes all operations performed by th e SmartCell ZX-250 that ensure opti mum switch thr oughput, where thro ughput is based on rate of packet loss, available bandwidth, and traffic processing overhead. Under most conditions, the SmartCell ZX-250 can efficiently and automatically manage switch traffic. However, if necessary, you can adjust the switch traffic management parameters. For exam ple, it migh t be necessary to adjust parameters for a port that carries a large amount of CBR traffic or a very large number of simultaneous connections.

The SmartCell ZX-250 provides console commands that affect traffic flow on a global, port, or category of service level. These console commands affect switch traffic flow by controlling

U Bandwidth allocation U Call Admission Control (CAC) policies U The service category for a connection U Buffer memory allocation U Threshold settings for anti-congestion routines

%"¤›apm Do not change traffic control settings unless you have expert-level experience

with ATM switching. Back up the switch configuration befor e making changes. Also, make notes of the changes you make to the traffic control parameters.

4.6.1 Traffic Descriptors

Traffic characteristics of an ATM source are signaled through a set of traffic descriptors during connection establishment. The SmartCell ZX-250 uses traffic descriptors for resource allocation during call set up and guarantees the Quality of Service (QoS) across the connection. The source traffic descriptor is a set of parameters that describes the expected bandwidth utilization of a connection. You can set these parameters,

U Peak Cell Rate (PCR) U Sustainable Cell Rate (SCR) and Maximum Burst Size (MBS) U Minimum Cell Rate (MCR) and Initial Cell Rate (ICR) — signaled through UNI4.0 signaling only

Traffic descriptors vary for each QoS. If a connection is bi-directional, a traffic descriptor has to be assigned to each direction and need not be the same in both directions.

SmartCell ZX-250 user data cells are classified according to the state of a cell loss priority (CLP) bit in the header of each cell. A CLP 1 cell has a lower priority than a CLP 0 cell and is discarded first. Source traffic descriptors can specify CLP 0 cell traffic, CLP 1 cell traffic, or the aggregate CLP 0+1 traffic.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 4-17

Traffic Management Switch Administration

Use the trafficdescriptor commands to view, create, and delete traffic descriptors. For example, use the

SmartCell ZX# show trafficdescriptor ================================================================================== TD# Traff Desc QoS Peak Cell Rate Sust Cell Rate Max Burst Size Aal Type Type (Kb/s) (Kb/s) (Kb/s) Type CLP_0 CLP_0+1 CLP_0 CLP_0+1 CLP_0 CLP_0+1 ================================================================================== 2 CBR 2 1 0 100 0 0 0 0 5 6 UBR 11 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 5 7 UBR 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 176 NRTVBR 2 1 0 1585 0 0 0 0 5 SmartCell ZX#

2p›F You cannot use the default traffic descriptors for user-defined PVCs. All traffic

show trafficdescriptor command to view all currently defined traffic descriptors.

descriptors used to define PVCs must be created by the user.

The Descriptor Type parameter in the example above corresponds to the traffic descriptor types defined in the UNI3.0/UNI3.1 specification. Descriptor types are specified numerically and correspond to the descriptions in Table 4-2.

Table 4-2 Traffic descriptor type number explanation

Type Number Descriptor Characteristics

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 11

No Traffic Descriptor Traffic Descriptor with no CLP and no SCR Traffic Descriptor with CLP, no Tagging, and no SCR Traffic Descriptor with CLP, Tagging, and no SCR Traffic Descriptor with no CLP and SCR Traffic Descriptor with CLP, no Tagging, and SCR Traffic Descriptor with CLP, Tagging, and SCR Traffic Descriptor with CLP and best effort

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Switch Administration Traffic Management

A user-defined PVC must have user-defined traffic descriptors. For instance, if a video link over a PVC requires a constant data flow of 5000 kb/s and a peak cell rate of 8000 kb/s, cr eate a traffic descriptor for CBR traffic that specifies 5000 as the sustained cell rate and 8000 as the peak cell rate.

SmartCell ZX # add trafficdescriptor TrafficType(UBR) : cbr TrafficDescriptorType(2) : 3 PCRCLP01(100) : 8000 PCRCLP0(100) : SCRCLP01(0) : 5000 SCRCLP0(0) : MBSCLP01(0) : 10000 MBSCLP0(0) : QOSCLASS(1) : AalType(5) : SmartCell ZX #

Each traffic descr iptor is identifi ed by a unique index num ber . Use the index number to specify which traf fic descript or to use when setting up a PVC. For example, the

SmartCell ZX# add pvc ConnType(PTP) : LowPort( ) : b1 LowVPI( ) :0 LowVCI( ) :100 HighPort( ) : b2 HighVPI( ) :0 HighVCI( ) :100 FwdTrafficDescriptorIndex( ) : 3 BkwTrafficDescriptorIndex( ) : 2 SmartCell ZX#

add pvc command prompts you for the traffic descriptor index.

< forward traffic descript or i ndex < backward traffic descriptor inde x

Notice in the example above that you can use different traffic descriptors for forward and backward traffic.

4.6.2 Call Admission Control Policy

Call Admission Control (CAC) policy defines the bandwidth allocation scheme used by the CAC when settin g up connections. The SmartCell ZX-250 offers three schemes that can be set on a per-port, per-service class basis,

U Conservative U Moderate U Liberal

Under conservative policy, the CAC allocates bandwidth closest to the requested bandwidth and QoS parameters. Conversely, liberal policy causes the CAC to allocate the least amount of bandwidth. And the CAC under moderate policy allocates intermediate amounts of bandwidth.

Depending on the type of traffic on your n etwork, each o f these CAC policies has its advantages. For instance, liberal policy allows a larg er number of connections over that of the conser vative or modera te poli cy . Liberal poli cy assumes that the traffic pattern of individual VCs does not overlap most of the time. For example, if VC1 and VC2 are created under the liberal CAC policy, it’s assumed that the probability of both VCs sending large bursts of cells at the same time is relatively low. On the other hand, conservative policy assumes that there might be a larger overlap of traffic from different VCs, and provid es each VC with ban dwidth closer to the req uested ban dwidth. T his higher band widt h provides a guarantee of quality for each VC.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 4-19

Traffic Management Switch Administration

Use the command show CACEqBwAllocScheme to view the current CAC policies used by each port for each service type and referenced by

SmartCell ZX # show caceqbwallocscheme PortID(ALL) : Vpi(0) : =========================================================== Port# VPI Alloc Scheme for CBR RT-VBR NRT-VBR UBR ABR =========================================================== A1 0 CON CON CON LIB CON A2 0 CON CON CON LIB CON A3 0 CON CON CON LIB CON A4 0 CON CON CON LIB CON B1 0 CON CON CON LIB CON B2 0 CON CON CON LIB CON B3 0 CON CON CON LIB CON B4(CPU) 0 CON CON CON LIB CON C1 0 CON CON CON LIB CON C2 0 CON CON CON LIB CON C3 0 CON CON CON LIB CON C4 0 CON CON CON LIB CON D1 0 CON CON CON LIB CON D2 0 CON CON CON LIB CON D3 0 CON CON CON LIB CON D4 0 CON CON CON LIB CON SmartCell ZX #

VPI

If there are a large numb er of connections of a particul ar QoS on a par ticular port, and these connections begin to slow down and show signs of congestion, use the

set CACEqBwAllocScheme command to change the CAC policy to

moderate or conservative.

SmartCell ZX # set caceqbwallocscheme PortID(A1) : b2 Vpi(0) : SeriveCategory(CBR) : ubr AllocScheme(LIBERAL) :conservative SmartCell ZX #

The SmartCell ZX-250 performs buffering using a shared-memory architecture. Buffer space is divided into queues for each QoS. In turn, ports are allocated some portion of each of the QoS queues. This allocation is controlled on a per-port basis by the

porttrafficcongestion commands.

Qos is defined on an end-to-end basis in terms of cell loss rati o, cell transfer delay, and cell delay variation.

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Switch Administration Traffic Management

For example, enter the show porttrafficcongestion command to view current buffer utilization.

SmartCell ZX # show porttrafficcongestion PortNumber(ALL) : Port ID Queue 1 Queue 2 Queue 3 Queue 4 Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max ============================================================================ A1 20 1000 20 2000 20 1000 20 16384 A2 20 1000 20 2000 20 1000 20 16384 A3 20 1000 20 2000 20 1000 20 16384 A4 20 1000 20 2000 20 1000 20 16384 B1 20 1000 20 2000 20 1000 20 16384 B2 20 1000 20 2000 20 1000 20 16384 B3 20 1000 20 2000 20 1000 20 16384 B4(CPU) 20 1000 20 2000 20 1000 20 16384 C1 20 1000 20 2000 20 1000 20 16384 C2 20 1000 20 2000 20 1000 20 16384 C3 20 1000 20 2000 20 1000 20 16384 C4 20 1000 20 2000 20 1000 20 16384 D1 20 1000 20 2000 20 1000 20 16384 D2 20 1000 20 2000 20 1000 20 16384 D3 20 1000 20 2000 20 1000 20 16384 D4 20 1000 20 2000 20 1000 20 16384 SmartCell ZX #

Min and Max are thresholds set on a p er-queue, per -port basis and are measured in cells (53 b ytes). The Min threshold is the amount of buffer space guaranteed to a call of a particular QoS on the co rrespondin g port. The Max threshold is the maximum amount of buffer space that a call of a particular QoS is allowed on the corresponding port.

QoS corresponds to the queues as follows:

U Queue 1 — Constant Bit Rate (CBR) U Queue 2 — Real Time Variable Bit Rate (rt-VBR) U Queue 3 — Non-real Time Variable Bit Rate (Nrt-VBR) U Queue 4 — Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)

If calls of a particular QoS typ e are being dropped on a part icular port, use the to raise the port’s queue Min threshold.

For example, to change both the Min and Max amounts of buffer space used for CBR calls on port following:

SmartCell ZX # set porttrafficcongestion Port(ALL) : a3 Queue1MinimumCellCounter(20) : 1000 Queue2MinimumCellCounter(20) : Queue3MinimumCellCounter(20) : Queue4MinimumCellCounter(20) : Queue1MaximumCellCounter(1000) : 10000 Queue2MaximumCellCounter(2000) : Queue3MaximumCellCounter(1000) : Queue4MaximumCellCounter(16384) : SmartCell ZX #

< Min for CBR queue

< Max for CBR queue

set porttrafficcongestion command

a3, enter the

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 4-21

Traffic Management Switch Administration

Quality of Service Queue Allocation Guidelines

The following values are recommended settings for the Min and Max thresholds for the QoS queues under specific sustained traffic conditions. Use the settings in Table 4-3 as guidelines for threshold setti ngs.

Table 4-3 Settings for QoS queues

QoS Queue Re commended Settings

CBR fewer than 100 connections on a port: Min = 50, Max = 1000 CBR more than 100 connections on a port: Min = 100, Max = 1000 rt-VBR bandwidth utilization less than 20%: Min = 10, Max = 1000* rt-VBR bandwidth utilization more than 20%: Min = 100, Max = 4000* Nrt-VBR for port B4 (CPU): Min = 100, Max = 4000 Nrt-VBR for all other ports: Min = 10, Max = 1000 UBR Min = 32, Max = 16,000

* Use the

show cacstats command to view bandwidth utilization.

4.6.3 EFCI, EPD, and RM Thresholds

To control switch congestion, the SmartCell ZX-250 implements standard resource management cell (RM-cell) marking, explicit forward congestion indicator cell marking (with backward RM cell marking), and early packet discard (EPD). These congestion control schemes are triggered when the number of cells within shared memory reaches user-definable thresholds. Use the

For example, enter the

SmartCell ZX # show switchtrafficcongestion Switch Traffic Congestion Parameters ============================================================================ Queue 1 EFCI Threshold : 4096 cells Queue 2 EFCI Threshold : 4096 cells Queue 3 EFCI Threshold : 4096 cells Queue 4 EFCI Threshold : 4096 cells Low EPD Threshold : 10922 cells High EPD Threshold : 21845 cells Switch Discard Threshold : 30508 cells RM Cell Marking Enable : ON EFCI Cell Marking Enable : ON SmartCell ZX #

show switchtrafficcongestion command.

EFCI thresholds are set on a per-QoS-queue basis, while EPD thresholds are set with respect to the total amount of shared buffer used by all classes of service.

switchtrafficcongestion commands to view and set these thresholds.

For most types of traffic, EPD triggering is tied to the low EPD threshold. Signaling traffic, however, is tied to the high EPD threshold; this assures that signaling packets are discarded only when congestion is most severe.

Use the

set switchtrafficcongestion command to change thresholds for EFCI and EPD and to enable or disable

RM and EFCI cell marking.

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Switch Administration Upgrading and Changing Software

Along with EFCI and backward RM cell marking, the SmartCell ZX-250 uses standard RM cell marking. The switch discard thres hold ( point at which the switch considers itself congested and starts marking RM cells.

For information on troubleshooting congestion problems, see Chapter 5, “Troubleshooting.”

show switchtrafficcongestion) corresponds to total shared buffer utilization and represents the

2p›F The switch discard threshold is not user configurable and is shown only for

information.

4.7 UPGRADING AND CHANGING SOFTWARE

This section describes the low-level boot load commands. Boot load commands are used for setting switch start-up behavior and for performing firmware downloads. Use the boot load commands to:

U Set which copy of the boot load firmware is the default copy U Clear all configurations stored within the flash file system U Check boot load firmware version numbers U Load switch firmware upgrades U Set whether power-on system tests (POST) are automatically run at start-up

4.7.1 Accessing the Boot Load Prompt

Boot load commands are executed from th e boot load prompt. The b oot load prom pt is no t part of the swit ch cons ole, and is accessible only after a reboot and befo re the switch software is loaded . Con sequently, the boot load commands can be used only through a terminal connection.

Perform the following steps to gain access to the boot load prompt:

s• Connect a dumb terminal (or PC running terminal emulation software) to the RJ-45 terminal port on

the front of the SmartCell ZX-250.

¢• Enter the reboot command from the terminal.

•• Wait for the following message to appear:

“Press any key to exit to boot load prompt.”

T• Before the countdown reaches zero, press a key to access the boot load prompt. Notice that the boot

load prompt (=>) differs from the prompt used by the switch console.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 4-23

Upgrading and Changing Software Switch Administration

4.7.2 Boot Load Commands

The following table describes the commands available from the boot load prompt, their use, and their associated parameters.

Table 4-4 Boot load commands

Command Action Parameters

chpi

clfs

dcfg

Change default boot load image:

Sets one of two images of the boot load software as the default. Default boot load image is executed at start-up.

Clear flash file system:

Clear flash file system of all switch configuration information.

Display boot load configuration:

Displays revision numbers of both boot load images, the switch MAC address, and the file space (in hexadecimal) available for additional MAC addresses.

Shows whether POST is set to run at switch start-up.

Download Software:

Downloads software images from a TFTP/Bootp server.

Different components of the switch software are downloaded, depending on the parameter used with this command.

chpi 0 = set boot load image 0 as default chpi 1 = set boot load image 1 as default

none

df B = download boot load software df S = download switch operating so ftware df P = download diagnostics (POST) df (none) = download switch operating

software

Run switch software:

Exit the boot load prompt, and run switch operating software.

Show help:

Displays help for a boot load command or displays list of all boot load commands.

ponf

POST on or off:

Changes start-up action: either run POST before running switch software or skip POST and go directly to switch software.

4-24 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

go V = run switch software, do not run POST go P = run POST before running switch

software

go (none) = run switch software, do not run

POST

he [<command>]

specified

he = display list of all boot load commands

ponf V = run switch software after start-up

= display help for command

timeout

ponf P = run POST before running switch

software

Switch Administration Upgrading and Changing Software

Image is downloaded into boot PROM by df

chpi

sets which is the default boot image

initial boot routines

boot image 0

boot image 1

MAC addresses

configuration storage

boot PROM

Cleared by

clfs

Switch software is downloaded to flash RAM by

df s

POST is dow nloaded into flash RAM by df

ponf

turns POST on and off.

POST diagnostics

SmartCell ZX-250 switch operating software

runs switch software in

DRAM

flash RAM

Figure 4-4 Memory locations affected by the boot load commands

4.7.3 Upgrading Boot Load Software

Two images of the boot load software reside in flash RAM. The two images are identified as boot load image 0 and boot load image 1. Both boot load images can be upgraded by using a TFTP/Bootp server. However, an upgrade is always written over the boot load image that is not currently run ning. This insures that if a boot load upgrade fails, there is still one good boot load image to fall back on.

Follow the steps below to upgrade the switch bo ot load software.

s• Set up the TFTP/Bootp server software on a workstation. ¢• Connect both the TFTP/Bootp server and the SmartCell ZX-250 to your Ethernet network. Make

sure that the TFTP/Bootp server can be reached by the SmartCell ZX-250 Ethernet interface.

•• Connect a dumb terminal (or PC running terminal emulation software) to the Smart Cell ZX-2 50

Terminal port.

T• Copy the SmartCell ZX-250 boot load software image into the appropriate location on the

TFTP/Boo tp server. (In this example, the software is copied to c:\tftpboot\images\boot.ima.)

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 4-25

Upgrading and Changing Software Switch Administration

Q• Set u p the TFTP/Bootp server tables (or equivalent file) with:

† SmartCell ZX-250 MAC address † IP address of the SmartCell ZX-250 Ethernet interface † path to the im age file on the TFTP/Bootp server

–• From the terminal connection, enter the reboot command.

•• When the following message appears,

“Press any key to exit to boot load prompt.”

stop the countdown by pressing any key. The boot load prompt (=>) appears on the terminal screen.

G• Enter the df B command. The SmartCell ZX-250 contacts the TFTP/Bootp server and downloads

the file into the boot load image location that corresponds to the bo ot load image not currently running. For example, if boot load image 0 is running, 1, leaving boot load image 0 untouched.

=>df b You've requested a Boot Load Software download Are you sure?(Y/N)y Initializing ethernet... Starting Bootp... Boot file: c:\tftpboot\images\boot.ima Using TFTP to get bootfile "c:\tftpboot\boot\boot.ima" .

........................................................

.................................................

Validity checks of the Boot Load Software Downloaded file... All Validity checks OK Programming downloaded image into Boot Load Software1 area, please wait... New Boot Load Software programmed successfully. Modifying Control/Stat field to reflect new image change, please wait... Control/Stat field programmed successfully. Please reboot to execute new Boot Load Software =>

n• If the new bo ot load software passes the validity checks, it is marked as the new default image. In

the example above, boot load image 1 becomes the new default image.

s¬• Reboot the SmartCell ZX-250. The following message appears on the terminal screen:

Preparing to run Default Boot Load Software: 1 Enter 0 or 1 to override and force which Boot Load Software to run:

df B downloads the file into boot load image

Default Boot Load Software1 Status Good Boot Load Software1 Flash CRC checked OK Copied Boot Load Software1 text into DRAM Copied Boot Load Software1 data into DRAM Default Boot Load Software Good SmartCell ZX Start-up Code Version 1.0.1, Sep 18 1997 Copyright 1997, Cabletron Systems Inc.

ss• Notice that boot load image 1 (Boot Load Software1) is specified as the new default image.

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Switch Administration Upgrading and Changing Software

Changing the Default Boot Load Image

Continuing with the example above, perform the following steps to set boot load image 0 back to being the default.

s• Reboot the SmartCell ZX-250. ¢• When the following message appears

“Preparing to run Default Primary Image: 1 Enter 0 or 1 to override and force one of these primary image sectors to run:”

press the zero (0) key. The SmartCell ZX-250 loads boot load image 0.

•• Use the chpi command to make boot load image 0 the default.

=>chpi 0 Old Default Primary Image Number: 1 Erasing Sector in Primary Flash sector4 Programming control/stat info into Primary Flash sector4 New Default Primary Image Number: 0 =>

T• Reboot the SmartCell ZX-250. Boot load image 0 is now used as the default image.

Preparing to run Default Primary Image: 0 Enter 0 or 1 to override and force one of these primary image sectors to run:

4.7.4 Upgrad i ng POST Diagnost i c Software

s• Set up the TFTP/Bootp server software on a workstation. ¢• Connect both the TFTP/Bootp server and the SmartCell ZX-250 to your Ethernet network. Make

sure that the TFTP/Bootp server can be reached by the SmartCell ZX-250 Ethernet interface.

•• Connect a dumb terminal (or PC running terminal emulation software) to the Smart Cell ZX-2 50

Terminal port.

T• Copy the SmartCell ZX-250 diagnostic software image into the appropriate location on the

TFTP/Boo tp server. (In this example, the software is located at c:\tftpboot\images\post.ima.)

Q• Set u p the TFTP/Bootp server tables (or equivalent file) with:

† SmartCell ZX-250 MAC address † IP address of the SmartCell ZX-250 Ethernet interface † path to the POST file on the TFTP/Bootp server

–• From the terminal connection, enter the reboot command.

•• When the following message appears,

“Press any key to exit to boot load prompt.”

stop the countdown by pressing any key. The boot load prompt (=>) appears on the terminal screen.

G• Enter the df P command. The SmartCell ZX-250 contacts the TFTP/Bootp server and downloads

the diagnostic software into flash RAM.

=>df p You've requested a POST Software download Are you sure?(Y/N)y Initializing ethernet... Starting Bootp... Boot file: c:\tftpboot\images\post.ima Using TFTP to get bootfile "c:\tftpboot\images\post.ima" .

............................................................................

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 4-27

Upgrading and Changing Software Switch Administration

............................................................................

.......................................

Validity checks of POST software Downloaded file... All Validity checks OK Programming downloaded image into POST Software section, please wait... New POST Software programmed successfully =>

n• Check whether the diagnostic download is successful by entering the go P command. This forces

the SmartCell ZX-250 to run POST before starting the switch so ft ware.

4.7.5 Upgrading Switch Operating Software

2p›F SmartCell ZX-250 operating software can also be updated using the switch

console

Firmware Command.”

update firmware command. See Section 4.7.6, “Using the Update

s• Set up the TFTP/Bootp server software on a workstation. ¢• Connect both the TFTP/Bootp server and the SmartCell ZX-250 to your Ethernet network. Make

sure that the TFTP/Bootp server can be reached by the SmartCell ZX-250 Ethernet interface.

•• Connect a dumb terminal (or PC running terminal emulation software) to the Sm art Cell ZX-2 50

Terminal port.

T• Copy the SmartCell ZX-250 switch operating software image into the appropriate location on the

TFTP/Boo tp server. (In this example, the software is located at c:\tftpboot\images\server.ima.)

Q• Set u p the TFTP/Bootp server tables (or equivalent file) with:

† SmartCell ZX-250 MAC address † IP address of the SmartCell ZX-250 Ethernet interface † path to the POST file on the TFTP/Bootp server

–• From the terminal connection, enter the reboot command.

•• When the following message appears,

“Press any key to exit to boot load prompt.”

stop the countdown by pressing any key. The boot load prompt (=>) appears on the terminal screen.

G• Enter the df s command. The SmartCell ZX-250 contacts the TFTP/Bootp server and downloads

the switch operating software into flash RAM.

=>df s You've requested a Switch Software download Are you sure?(Y/N)y Initializing ethernet... Starting Bootp... Boot file: c:\tftpboot\images\server.ima Using TFTP to get bootfile "c:\tftpboot\images\server.ima" .

...........................................................................

.................................

4-28 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

Switch Administration Upgrading and Changing Software

...........................................................................

...................................................

Validity checks of the Switch Software Downloaded file... All Validity checks OK Programming downloaded image into Switch Software section, please wait... New Switch Software programmed successfully =>

n• Check whether the switch download is successful by entering the go command.

4.7.6 Using the Update Firmware Command

Y ou can upgrade the operating software of the SmartCell ZX-250 while the switch is running its current software. This procedure is known as a hot upgrade and is accomplished by the

When the SmartCell ZX-250 switch is started (or rebooted), it cop ies its operating software from flash RAM to the CPU’s program memory. When a hot upgrade is performed, the image in flash RAM is erased and replaced with the new software image. While the upgrade is occurring, the switch continues to run its copy in program memory. When the switch is rebooted, the new software image residing in flash RAM is copied into system memory and then run.

T o use the hot upgra de feature, the SmartCell ZX-250 must have network access to an end station running TFTP server software. The SmartCell ZX-250 operating software f ile must reside within the directory specified by the TFTP server software. Often, this directory is /tftpboot. However, it may be different with your TFTP server software.

update firmware command.

The following is an example of a hot upgrade:

SmartCell ZX # update firmware ServerIP() : 214.95.77.240 Path() : luxor/server.ima You are updating the code image in the flash. Are you sure this is what you want to do? Confirm(y/n)?:y Verifying bootfile luxor/server.ima on 214.95.77.240... passed. Erasing Flash. Using TFTP to get and program bootfile luxor/server.ima from 204.95.77.240. 2785K (2852012 bytes) received. Flash update succeeded. You will have to reboot for the new image to take effect. SmartCell ZX #

Notice that the update firmware command does not use Bootp to find the TFTP server. Instead, the update firmware command requires that you specify the IP address of the TFTP server, the path to the image file, and the file name.

Unsuccessful Update

If the update firmware command fails, DO NOT turn off or attempt to reboot your SmartCell ZX-250 switch. In its current state, the operating software normally stored in flash RAM is erased. The switch is functioning only because it is running the image of the operating software that resides in volatile system memory.

If possible, determine why the

update firmware command failed. Common causes for failure are:

U Incorrect path and file names U Improper permission settings on the directory containing the upgrade software U SmartCell ZX-250 is not physically connected to the network U SmartCell ZX-250 cannot reach the TFTP server’s subnet

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 4-29

Saving Core Dumps Switch Administration

If the problem is corrected, enter the update firmware command to continue with the upgrade process. However, if you are unable to correct the problem, use the

df (download flash) command and a TFTP/Bootp server to replace the

operating software on your SmartCell ZX-250. Follow the procedure outlined below:

s• Set up TFTP/Bootp server software on a workstation. ¢• Connect both the TFTP/Bootp server and the SmartCell ZX-250 to your Ethernet network. Make

sure that the TFTP/Bootp server can be reached by the SmartCell ZX-250 Ethernet interface.

•• Connect a dumb terminal (or PC running terminal emulation software) to the Sm art Cell ZX-2 50

Terminal port.

T• Copy the SmartCell ZX-250 operating software image into the appropriate location on the

TFTP/Bootp server.

Q• Set u p the TFTP/Bootp server tables (or equivalent file) with the SmartCell ZX-250 MAC address

and IP address. You may also need to specify the path to the image file to be downloaded.

–• From the terminal connection, enter the reboot command.

•• When the following message appears,

“Press any key to exit to boot load prompt. “

stop the countdown by pressing any key. The boot load prompt (=>) appears on the terminal screen.

G• Enter the df s command. The SmartCell ZX-250 contacts the TFTP/Bootp server and downloads

the operating software into its flash RAM.

...........................................................................

...................................................

n• Enter the go comma nd to start the SmartCell ZX-250.

4.8 SAVING CORE DUMPS

The SmartCell ZX-250 core dump feature allows you to specify a local Ethernet host where, in the event of a system failure, the SmartCell ZX-250 sends a copy of its memory. SmartCell ZX-250 system memory is saved to two files, one containing CPU memory (

core_cpu

Cabletron customer support for analysis.

2p›F T o use the core dump feature, the local Ethernet host must be running TFTP server

software, and you must have write access to the TFTP directory.

4-30 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

), the other common memory (

core_cmn

). These files can then be sent to

Switch Administration Saving Core Dumps

Enter the set CoreDump command to enable the core dump feature. For example,

SmartCell ZX # set coredump EnableCoreDump(n) : y ServerIP() : 204.95.77.240 CoreDumpFile() : /tftpboot/bobr/core userName() : bobr UserPassword() : SmartCell ZX #

< “y” to enabl e core dump feature < IP address of my TFTP server < full path name for core dump files < login name on the server < password

2p›F The set CoreDump command uses FTP to create the

files. If your server does not run F TP, create these files manually . Then execute the

set CoreDump command.

2p›F On UNIX systems, make sure that the permissions are set correctly so that data

can be written.

2p›F For security, the set CoreDump command retains your password only long enough

to create the core dump files. Your password is then dropped from system memory.

To see the current core dump configuration, enter the

SmartCell ZX # show coredump

Core Dump Enabled : Yes Core Dump Server IP : 204.95.77.240 Core Dump File : /tftpboot/bobr/core

core_cpu

show coredump command.

core_cmn

and

SmartCell ZX #

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 4-31

Performing Hardware Maintenance Switch Administration

If a system failure occurs while the core dump feature is enabled, the SmartCell ZX-250 console appears similar to the example below . The SmartCell Z X-250 then b egins sending im ages of its memory to the core dump files on the TFTP server.

Illegal access. Bus Error. IP: e0103288 PFP: e04be080 r0(pfp): e04be040 r1(sp): e04be0c0 r2(rip): e00dd7dc r3 : 00000000 r4 : e00f8f0c r5 : e0409f10 r6 : 00000003 r7 : e00f8f0c r8 : e0409f40 r9 : 00000003 r10 : 00000030 r11 : e00f8f0f r12 : 00000008 r13 : 00000001 r14 : e00d22f0 r15 : 00000008 d2000000: Core Dump Common DRAM dumped to /tftpboot/bobr/core_cmn CPU DRAM dumped to /tftpboot/bobr/core_cpu

ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff *................*

d2000010: ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff *................*

d2000020: ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff *................*

d2000030: ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff *................*

d2000040: ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff *................*

d2000050: ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff *................*

d2000060: ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff *................*

d2000070: ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff *................*

d2000080: ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff *................*

d2000090: ffff SmartCell ZX Start-up Code Cabletron Systems Inc.

Copy the information displayed on the console and send it to your Cabletron customer support representative along with the core dump files.

4.9 PERFORMING HARDWARE MAINTENANCE

This section gives generic instructions about how to access all user upgradable and replaceable components in the SmartCell ZX-250 ATM switch.

4.9.1 Required Tools

Number 1 Phillips head screw driver

U Small flat-blade screw driver U Medium flat-blade screw driver U Cabletron-approved ESD grounding device (such as a wrist strap)

4.9.2 Internal Components

Figure 4-5 is a diagram of the internal co mponents co mmon to the SmartCell ZX-250 family of switches. The five major components of the ZX-250 are

U CPU board U Main Switch Module U I/O modules (at least two)

4-32 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

Switch Administration Performing Hardware Maintenance

U Extended Switch Module (optional) U Backplane U Removable power supply (optional)

Almost all user-replaceable and user-upgradable compon ents are accessed and removed from the fr ont of the ZX-25 0 chassis. The exception is the redundant power supply modules, accessed from the back of the ZX-250r chassis. User serviceable components include:

U Main Switch Module (MSM) U Expansion Switch Module (ESM) U I/O Modules (IOM) U Redundant Power Supply Module (ZX-250r only)

4.9.3 CPU Board

The CPU board contains processor, flash RAM, and system memory. The CPU board is not intended for end-user access or service. For this reason, flash RAM and system memory can be upgraded only by qualified Cabletron personnel.

%"¤›apm Attempts to access or remove the CPU board, its flash RAM, system memory,

or any other CPU board components will void your warranty.

4.9.4 Main Switch Mo du l e

The Main Switch Module (MSM) contains the main switc hing fabric of th e SmartCell ZX-250 switch (see Figure 4-5). The MSM is also one of the boards into which the I/O Modules (IOMs) are plu gged. The MSM can support up to two IOMs, each with four I/O ports. An additional two IOMs can be added to the ZX-250 by installing an Extended Switch Module. The MSM is user-serviceable.

4.9.5 Extended Switch Module

The Extended Switch Module (ESM) provides the switch fabric to support an additional two IOMs (for a total of 15 ports). The IOMs plug into the top of the ESM and then the boards are slid into the ZX-250 chassis as a single unit. The ESM is user serviceable (see Figure 4-5).

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 4-33

Performing Hardware Maintenance Switch Administration

Backplane

Power Supply

Extended Switch Module

IO Modules

Main Switch Module

CPU Board

Figure 4-5 Internal components of the SmartCell ZX-250 ATM switch

4.9.6 I/O Modules

The I/O Modules (IOMs) plug into the DIN connectors on the top of bo th the MSM and the ESM (see Figure 4-5). All ZX-250 switches can (with an ESM installed) support up to four IOMs, providing a total of 15 ATM ports (Port B4 is reserved for use by the CPU). To access, add, or replace IOMs, the switch module to which they correspond must be accessed. IOMs are user serviceable.

4.9.7 Removing a Switch Module

The SmartCell ZX-250 A TM switch’ s MSM is located in the bottom switch module slot; the ESM (if present) is located in the top slot. When accessing the switch modules, use the following procedure:

s• Power off the unit by switchi ng the power switch (located in the back) to off. ¢• Disconnect all user port cables from I/O modules. It may be useful to label cables for easy

reinstallation.

•• Ground yourself using a Cabletron-approved ESD device and appropriate safety procedures. T• Remove the front bezel from the chassis base by gently separating the six spring-loaded fasten ers on

the bezel from the chassis base using a non-marring pry tool or your fingers (see Figure 4-6).

Q• Rem ove filler blanks for any uninstalled I/O modules, if applicable.

4-34 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

Switch Administration Performing Hardware Maintenance

Figure 4-6 Remove the bezel from the chassis base.

–• Remove the two Phillips-head screws from the outside edges of the switch module faceplate.

•• Unfas ten the switch module from the chassis, using th e two extractor lever arms. Gently pull the

module from the chassis, applying even and gentle pressure to both sides to avoid distorting the board (see Figure 4-7and Figure 4-8).

Figure 4-7 Extractor lever arm function

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 4-35

Performing Hardware Maintenance Switch Administration

%"¤›apm The MSM must always be replaced in the lower switch module slot, and the

ESM must always be replaced in the upper switch module slot. Placing the boards in the incorrect slot causes the ZX-250 switch to fail.

Figure 4-8 Removing a switch module from the lower switch module position

4.9.8 Removing I/O Modules

s• Ground yourself using a Cabletron-approved ESD device and appropriate safety procedures. ¢• Once a switch module is removed from the chassis, unfasten the IOMs from the switch module (see

Figure 4-9), using a screw driver (2 screws from the bottom, 1 screw from the front).

•• Remove the IOMs from the switch module (one at a time) by lifting them upward from the switch

module, disconnecting them from the switch modules’s DIN connector (see Figure 4-9).

4-36 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

Switch Administration Performing Hardware Maintenance

Figure 4-9 I/O module (installation/removal).

4.9.9 Replacing a Switch Mo dule

To replace a switch module, perform the steps listed above in reverse order. Follow these instructions to replace the switch modules back into the chassis:

%"¤›apm The MSM must always be replaced in the lower switch module slot, and the

ESM must always be replaced in the upper switch module slot. Placing a board in the incorrect slot causes the ZX-250 switch to fail.

s• Ground yourself using a Cabletron-approved ESD device and appropriate safety procedures. ¢• Line up switch module on the nylon card guides, hands on sides of card (see Figure 4-10). Then

guide the card into the chassis until it touches the backplane.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 4-37

Performing Hardware Maintenance Switch Administration

Figure 4-10 Line up module on the nylon card guides.

•• Thumbs on front, hands supporting card, push card in with even pressure (see Figure 4-11) until it

seats into its backplane connector. Make sure the module is inserted into the chassis as far as it can go before using the extractor lever arms.

4-38 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

Switch Administration Performing Hardware Maintenance

Figure 4-11 Push seated card in with even pressure.

T• Hands on each side of chassis, using even pressure, push on extractor lever arms with thumbs (see

Figure 4-12)

%"¤›apm If the module does not insert easily, DO NOT FORCE it. This may damage

connectors or pins. Pull out the module and attempt to reinsert, checking that the module is lined up correctly on the nylon guides. For the extractor lever arms to be effective, the module must be pushed in far enough for the lever arms to engage slots on the inside walls of the chassis. Failure to properly seat the module prior to using the lever arms may damage the chas sis sheet metal.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 4-39

Performing Hardware Maintenance Switch Administration

Figure 4-12 Complete seating of card with lever arms.

4.9.10 Upgrading Main Switch Module (MSM-16 to MSM-32)

To upgrade the MSM-16 to a MSM-32, you must order the MSM-32 from Cabletron Systems. Then, follow the procedures for removing the switch module and replace the curre nt MSM-16 with the new MSM-32 . See instructions at the beginning of this section.

4.9.11 Adding an Expansion Switch Module

Follow the instructions for replacing a switch module, with the following additional instructions:

s• Remove blank filler panels after removing the front bezel. ¢• Ins tall new ESM complete with I/O modules as shipped.

4.9.12 Adding New I/O Modules

Follow the instructions for rem oving and replacing switch and I/O modules, removing blank fi ller panel after removing the appropriate switch module.

4-40 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

Switch Administration Performing Hardware Maintenance

4.9.13 Adding a Power Supply Module (SmartCell ZX-250r Only)

The following instructions are for the SmartCell ZX-250r only.

Handle

ZX-RPS

CAUTION: For continued protection

4A, 250V FAST ACTING

against risk of fire, replace only with same type and rating of fuse.

Line: 100 - 125V ~ 3.2A 200 - 240V ~ 1.6A 50/60Hz

AC Power OK

DC Power OK

Holding Screw Power Block Assembly

Lamps

with Fuse Holder

Figure 4-13 Rear view of a ZX-250r redundant power supply module

>"•mamV NEVER pick up the SmartCell ZX-250r by its power supply handles.

The power supply modules for the ZX-250r are hot swappable, which means you can install or replace a power supply module while the other power supply and the ZX-250r are operational. Because of this, you may be working with a device that is connected to line voltage. Exercise extreme caution when performing this task.

s• Remove the two Phillips-head screws that hold the power supply module blank in place, and

carefully remove the blank (see Figure 4-14).

¢• Make sure that the power switch on the new power supply module is switched to off. Also, remove

the power cord if connected.

>"•mamV At this point, you have direct access to the power bus on the backplane, which

carries potentially hazardous voltage. DO NOT insert hands into the power supply opening. DO NOT touch the backplane. DO NOT insert any met al or conductive objects into the power supply opening.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 4-41

Performing Hardware Maintenance Switch Administration

•• Holding the new power supply module by its handle (see Figure 4-16), carefully insert the module

into the power supply opening until it engages the backplane and is flush with the back of the ZX-250r.

Figure 4-14 Rear view of ZX-250r with single power supply module

T• Using a medium-size, flat-blade screw driver, secure the power supply module to the chassis by

tightening the holding-screw at the lower left corner of the power supply module (see Figure 4 -13 and Figure 4-15).

Q• Connect the power cord to the power supply module. The new power supply is ready to be turned on.

4.9.14 Removing a Power Supply Module (SmartCell ZX-250r Only)

The following instructions are for the SmartCell ZX-250r only. The power supply modules for the ZX-250r are hot swappable, which means you can install or replace a power supply

module while the other power supply and the ZX-250r are operational. Because of this, you may be working with a device that is connected to line voltage. Exercise extreme caution when performing this task.

s• Turn off the power switch on the power supply module to be removed . ¢• Remove the power supply module’s power cord.

•• Locate the power supply module’s straight-head holdin g screw at the lo wer left corn er of the power

supply modul e (see Figure 4-15).

4-42 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

Switch Administration Performing Hardware Maintenance

Flat-blade Holding

Screw

Figure 4-15 Holding screw for power supply module

T• Using a medium-size, flat-blade screw driver, loosen the holding screw by turning it at least 90

degrees counter clockwise.

Q• Grasp the power supply module by its handle, then gent ly pull the power s upply module dir ectly out

of the ZX-250 chassis (see Figure 4-16).

Figure 4-16 RPS module extraction and replacement

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 4-43

Performing Hardware Maintenance Switch Administration

>"•mamV At this point, you have direct access to the power bus of the backplane, which

carries potentially hazardous voltage. DO NOT insert hands into the power supply opening. DO NOT touch the backplane. DO NOT insert any metal (or conductive) objects into the power supply opening.

–• Replace the power supply with a new power supply module or with the sheet metal blank.

%"¤›apm If you do not replace the power supply module, you MUST install the sheet

metal blank in its place. Failing to do so affects the fan’ s airflow and may cause overheating and component failure. You also must replace the blank to maintain EMI integrity.

4.9.15 Replacing a Fuse

Use the following instructions to replace a spent fuse.

s• Turn the power switch to off, and remove the power cord. ¢• Access the fuse assembly (part of the power plug assembly) in the back of the switch.

•• With a flat-blade screw driver, gently pry out the plastic fuse assembly (see Figure 4-17).

ZX-250 and ZX-250i

Figure 4-17 Pry out the fuse assembly.

4-44 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

ZX-250r

Switch Administration Performing Hardware Maintenance

T• Remove the spent fuse from holder (1). Push out the small storage drawer (2) behind the fuse holder,

remove the fresh fuse and place in holder.

(1)

(2)

Figure 4-18 Detail of fuse assembly.

Q• Replace the fuse assembly by pushing it back into the power plug assembly.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 4-45

Performing Hardware Maintenance Switch Administration

4-46 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

5 T ROUBLESHOOTING

This chapter provides basic troubleshooting for diagnosing and fixing problems with VLAN, emulated LANs, and ATM traffic congestion.

5.1 TROUBLESHOOTING IP OVER ATM

You have configured an IP over ATM VLAN, but your network appli cations are not work ing. Use thes e questions an d tests to help determine the cause of the problem.

s• Check for connectivity: Try pinging between end nodes and from the SmartCell ZX-250 (using

start ping) to its end nodes. If you cannot ping, check physical connectivity (disconnected cable

and so on).

¢• Check IP routes and addresses.

U Use the show route command to check the SmartCell ZX-250 route table.

† Are the destination addresses correct for the specified gateways? † Are there any routing loops? † Are one or more of the destination addresses mapped to the wrong subnet?

U Use show client (ARP server is on SmartCell ZX-250) to check the local client.

† Does the client have the correct IP address? † Is the subnet correct? Is the ATM address correct? † Is the server type correct?

U Check end node configurations.

† Are end nodes configured correctly?

•• Check ARP statistics.

U Use show ipatmarp (if the ARP server is on the SmartCell ZX-250).

† Are there entries in the table? † Are the ATM addresses correct?

U Use show clientarp (ARP server is not on SmartCell ZX-250) to check local client’s ARP Table.

† Are there entries in the table? If not, recheck client and end node configuration. † Are the ATM addresses correct?

T• Check ILMI, UNI routes, and PVCs (if applicable).

U If using SVCs, use show ATMRoute to check whether static UNI routes are correct and whether

dynamic UNI routes are established and correct. If dynamic routes are incorrect or missing, try creating static routes instead.

U If using PVCs, use show pvc to check if PVCs connect the correct resources through the correct

ports.

U If usin g PVCs, use show ipatmpvc to check if local switch clients are mapped to the correct end node

IP addresses.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 5-1

Troubleshooting LAN Emulation Troubleshooting

Q• If working through these questions does not solve the prob lem, contact Cabletron Syst ems Customer

Service. (See Appendix D, “Technical Support.”)

5.2 TROUBLESHOOTING LAN EMULATION

You have configured an Emulated LAN and your n etwork applications are not working . Use t hese quest ions an d tests to help determine the cause of the problem.

s• Check for connectivity. Try pinging between end nodes. Ping from the SmartCell ZX-250 (using

start ping) to its end nodes. If you cannot ping, check physical connectivity (disconnected cable

and so on).

¢• Check IP routes and addresses.

U Use show route command to check the SmartCell ZX-250 route table.

† Are the destination addresses correct for the specified gateways? † Are there any routing loops? † Are one or more of the destination addresses mapped to the wrong subnet?

U Use show client to check the SmartCell ZX-250 local ELAN client.

† Does the client have the correct IP address? † Is the subnet correct? † Is the ATM address correct? † Is the server type correct?

U Check end nodes configurations.

† Are end nodes configured correctly?

•• If the ELAN sp ans multiple switches, check the following:

† Is the LECS address correct on all switches? † Can all switches reach the switch providing LECS support?

† If using the Well Known LECS Address, are all switches correctly mapped?

T• Check the LECS database.

U Use show lecselan to check the names and numbers of ELANs.

† Are ELAN names correct? † Is the ATM address of the LES correct?

Q• Check whether BUS is connected.

U Use show busclient to check whether devices are registered with the BUS. If clients are registered,

check end node configuration. If not registered, check Multi-point signaling.

U Use set leselan to turn off MP signaling on a per-ELAN basis.

† Do devices begin to register with the LES and BUS once Multi-point signaling is turned off?

U Check IISP routes to the switch containing the LES and BUS.

† Are all IISP routes correct? † Does a new IISP route need to be added so devices can reach the LES and BUS?

5-2 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

Troubleshooting Troubleshooting PNNI LinkS

–• If working through these questions does not solve th e problem, contact Cabletron Syst ems Customer

Service. (See Appendix D, “Technical Support.”)

5.3 TROUBLESHOOTING PNNI LINKS

You have physically connected another company’s ATM switch with your SmartCell ZX-250. Each switch supports PNNI, but there is no connectivity between the two devices. Use the following pr ocedu re to diagn ose and resolve the problem.

Examine the link state on each switch (

show PNNILink on SmartCell ZX-250).

U If the link does not appear in the Link list, check the following:

† Is the connecting port on each switch configured for PNNI? If no, configure both ports for

PNNI.

2p›F On the SmartCell ZX-250, use the show portconfig command to determine

whether the port is PNNI. If configuration, use the set the port to PNNI.

show portconfig displays autoConfig as the port

set portconfig command to disable ILMI and manually

† Examine the VCC masks for each switch. Are the switches using compatible VPI/VCI pairs? If

not, adjust the VCC mask so that both switches use compatible VPI/VCI pairs.

U If link state is “attempt,” check the following:

† Is the PNNI peer group ID the same on both switches? If not, set bo th peer group IDs to the same

value.

† Is the PNNI node ID the same for both switches? If not, set the PNNI node ID to the same value.

Especially check that the first two octets (peer-group level and lowest-level node) of the node ID are the same for both switches.

U If the link state is “2WayInside,” check the ATM route tables on each switch (show ATMRoute on

SmartCell ZX-250).

† If the switches are supporting end systems or have clients, does the net prefix of each switch

appear in the ATM route table of the other?

If no, check both switches for signaling and ILMI misconfiguration.

If yes, contact Cabletron Systems Customer Service.

5.4 TROUBLESHOOTING CONGESTION

If the bandwidth of your SmartCell ZX-25 0 b egins to d ecrease, and if co nnection s are b e ing lo st or pack ets ar e bein g dropped at a high rate, it’s possible that your switch is becoming congested. Congestion can occur on the port level, the global switch level, or both lev el s.

If you suspect that your SmartCell ZX-250 switch is experiencin g congestion, follow the steps outlined below to diagnose and resolve the cause of congestion.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 5-3

Troubleshooting Congestion Troubleshooting

5.4.1 Diagnosing Congestion

s• Enter the show portstats command, and take the default of (all). ¢• If cells are not being dropped on all ports, proceed to the “Port Congestion” section.

•• If cells are being dropped on all ports, the indication is global congestion. Proceed to the “Global

Congestion” section.

5.4.2 Global Congestion

s• Is the total cell drop rate equal to the Unknown VC cell drop rate?

U If yes, the switch is improperly set up. Check the switch configuration. U If no, this indicates global congestion. Continue.

¢• Set the porttrafficcongestion values to those recommended in the “QoS Queue Allocation

Guidelines” section. Has the congestion subsided?

U If yes, you are done. U If no, continue.

•• Have you changed the EPD threshold?

U If yes, replace it to the default setting. If congestion subsides, you are done. U If no, continue.

T• Enter the show cacinfo command for each port. Is the allocated bandwidth small and is the traffic

mostly UBR?

U If no, go back to step 4 and check next port. U If yes, continue.

Q• Enter th e show porttrafficcongestion command. Is the UBR queue Max threshold large?

U If no, go back to 4. U If yes, continue.

–• Reduce the UBR queue Max threshold by a small amount, then wait a few minutes.

•• Enter the show portstats command, and take the default of all. Is the number of cells dropped

increasing for this port, and quickly decreasing for all other ports?

U If yes, proceed to the “Port Congestion” section. U If no, continue.

G• Is the number of cells being dropped by all other ports decreasing somewhat?

U If no, go back to step 6. U If yes, continue.

n• Enter the set caceqbwallocscheme command and set call admission control for this port to a more

conservative policy (

s¬• Go back to step 4 until all ports have been checked.

5-4 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

moderate or conservative).

Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Congestion

5.4.3 Port Congestion

s• Enter the show portstats command a few times, noting the value for cells dropped and unknown

VCs dropped. Is the difference for cells dropped equal to the difference for VCs dropped?

U If yes, the switch is improperly set up. Check the switch configuration. U If no, this indicates port congestion. Continue.

¢• Enter the show cacinfo command for this port. Note the bandwidth allocated for each Quality of

Service on this port.

•• For each class of service, enter the set porttrafficcongestion command. Set the Max threshold

to the value recommended in the “Quality of Service Queue Allocatio n Guidelines” section.

T• Have you performed step 3 for every class of service for this port?

U If no, go to step 3. U If yes, continue.

Q• Enter the set caceqbwallocscheme command for this port. Set call admission control for this port

to a more conservative policy (

–• Check VC statistics for this port using either the show pvc /d or show svc /d command, whichever

is appropriate.

•• If the port belongs to the high virtual channel link (VCL), read the forward stats. If the port belongs

to the low VCL, read the backward stats. If the port belongs to both high and low VCLs, read both stats.

G• Is the number of cells received increasing?

moderate or conservative).

U If no, go step 6. U If yes, continue.

n• Convert allocated bandwidth (kb/s) to cells (48 bytes).

Bandwidth in cells = (1024 X Allocated Bandwidth) / 384 where 384 = 48 cells X 8

Is the Allocated Bandwidth less than the Cell Reception Rate?

s¬•

U If no, go to step 6. U If yes, this VC is misbehaving. Take appropriate action, for example, terminate the VC.

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide 5-5

Troubleshooting Congestion Troubleshooting

5-6 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

APPENDIX A ACRONYMS

AAL AAL1 AAL2 AAL3/4 AAL5 AALM ABR AFI ANSI API ARP ASCII ATM AVCR

ATM Adaptation Laye r ATM Adaptation Laye r Type 1 ATM Adapter Layer Type 2 ATM Adapter Layer Type 3/4 ATM Adapter Layer Type 5 ATM Adaptation Laye r Mux Available Bit Rate Authority and Format Identifier American N ational St andards In stitute Application Programming Interface Address Resolution Protocol American Standard Code for Information Interchange Asynchronous Transfer Mode Available Cell Rate

BE BER B-ICI B-ISDN

Bridged Ethernet Bit Error Ratio (Rate) Broadband Inter-Carrie r Interface Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide A-1

Acronyms

BOOTP BUS

CAC CAN CAT-3 CAT-5 CBR CCITT

CCR

Boot Protocol Broadcast and Unknown Server

Call Admission Control Campus Area Network Category 3 unshielded twisted pair cable Category 5 unshielded twisted pair cable Constant Bit Rate Comite Consultatif Internationale de Telegraphique et Telephonique

(Consultative Committee on International Telegraphy and Telephony) Current Cell Rate

CDV CER CES CI CLP CLR CMIP COM COS CPE CPU CRC CRS CS

Cell Delay Variation Cell Error Ratio Circuit Emulation Service Congestion Indicator Cell Loss Priority Cell Loss Ratio Common Management Information Protocol Communication Class of Service Customer Premise Equipment Central Processing Unit Cyclic Redundancy Check Cell Relay Service Convergence Sublayer

CTD

A-2 SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

Cell Transfer Delay

Cabletron Systems ZX-250 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

SmartCell ZX-250 User Guide

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES

1 INTRODUCTION

2 SWITCH INSTALLATION AND SETUP

2.1 UNPACKING THE SWITCH

2.2 CHECK ACCESSORY CARTON CONTENTS

2.3 INSPECTING THE SWITCH

Figure 2-1 Front panel of a SmartCell ZX-250 ATM switch

Figure 2-2 Rear view of ZX-250

Figure 2-3 Rear view of ZX-250r with both power supply modules

Table 2-1 I/O module ID numbers

2.3.1 DS3 and E3 I/O Module Configuration

Table 2-2 DS3 and E3 Module settings

2.4 INSTALLING THE SWITCH

2.4.1 Desktop Installation

Figure 2-4 Airflow space for the ZX-250 in desktop environment

•• Insert the supplied power cord into the 3-prong power plug receptacle on the back of the switch.

2.4.2 Rack Installation for ZX-250

Figure 2-5 Attaching mounting brackets.

Figure 2-6 After brackets are attached, mount the switch in the rack.

T• Insert the supplied power cord into the 3-prong power receptacle on the back of the switch.

2.4.3 Rack Installation for ZX-250r

Figure 2-7 Attaching mounting brackets.

Figure 2-8 After brackets are attached, mount the switch in the rack.

T• Insert the supplied power cord into the 3-prong power receptacle on the back of the switch.

2.5 SWITCH CONFIGURATION

¢• Plug one end of the supplied RJ-45 UTP cable into the 9-pin COM port RJ-45 adapter.

Figure 2-9 ZX-250 console and network connections

2.6 USING THE CONSOLE

2.6.1 Console Commands

2.6.2 Console Time-out

2.6.3 Creating an Alias

2.6.4 Ambiguous Commands

2.6.5 Console Help

2.7 SMARTSWITCH ATM ADMINISTRATOR

Figure 2-10 SmartSwitch ATM Administrator

2.7.1 Installation Steps

•• Start the installation software:

–• The Welcome dialog box appears. Read the instructions and click Next to proceed.

G• The Setup Complete dialog box appears. Read the message and click Finish. n• The Information dialog box appears. Click OK.

2.7.2 Starting SmartSwitch ATM Administrator the First Time

Table 2-3 Default accounts and passwords

2.7.3 Accessing Online Help

s• From the Help menu, select SmartSwitch AT M Administrator Help Topics. ¢• The Help Topics dialog box appears. You have three options for viewing online help:

3 IP OVER ATM AND LANE

3.1 CREATING AN IP OVER ATM VLAN

s• Log into the switch, either through the terminal port or through the Ethernet interface by telnet. ¢• Create a client on the switch and assign it as the ARP server for the VLAN.

T• Physically connect your end nodes and edge devices to the ZX-250 ports.

3.1.1 ATM Addressing for IP over ATM

3.2 CREATING AN EMULATED LAN

•• Create a client for the switch on the ELAN. For example, enter

Q• Physically connect your end nodes and edge devices to the SmartCell ZX-250 ports. –• Configure the A TM interface or adapter for all end nodes and edge devi ces. T ypically, configuration

3.2.1 ATM Addressing for LAN Emulation

3.2.2 ELANs Across Multiple Switches

3.2.3 Switch Clients

4 SWITCH ADMINISTRATION

4.2 ATM ROUTING

4.2.1 Creating an IISP Route

IISP Routing Considerations

Figure 4-1 IISP route across PNNI domain

Figure 4-2 Routes needed for a second IISP switch

4.2.2 UNI Routes

4.2.3 Route Metrics

Administrative Weight and Parallel Routes

4.3 IP ROUTING

Figure 4-3 IP routing through SW1for connectivity to the Ethernet network

4.4 EVENTS AND ALARMS

4.4.1 Event Categories

4.4.2 Viewing Events and Alarms

4.4.3 Deleting Events and Alarms

4.5 PVC CONNECTIONS

4.5.1 Point-to-Point PVCs

•• Plug the end nodes into the specified SmartCell ZX-250 ports (C1 and B2). T• Configure each end node with the proper IP address, subnet mask, and VPI/VCI pair = 0/100.

4.5.2 Point-to-Multipoint PVCs