Cabletron Systems SmartSTACK STS16-20RM, SmartSTACK STS16-20R, SmartSTACK STS16-20FRM Installation And User Manual

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Page 1

SmartStack

STS16-20RM/STS16-20FRM

Token Ring Switches

Installation

and

User Guide

Page 2

Page 3

Notice

Cabletron Systems reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information contained in this document without prior notice. The reader should in all cases consult Cabletron Systems to determine whether any such changes have been made.

The hardware, firmware, or software described in this manual is subject to change without notice.

IN NO EVENT SHALL CABLETRON SYSTEMS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOST PROFITS) ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS MANUAL OR THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN IT, EVEN IF CABLETRON SYSTEMS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF, KNOWN, OR SHOULD HAVE KNOWN, THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

Cabletron Systems, Inc. 35 Industrial Way Rochester, NH 03867

Order Number: 9032957-01 (OC-7052 v. 1.1, 710001810)

SmartStack

CompuServe

i960 microprocessor

Ethernet

is a trademark of Cabletron Systems, Inc.

is a registered trademark of CompuServe, Inc.

is a registered trademark of Intel Corp.

is a trademark of Xerox Corporation.

Notice

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FCC Notice

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

NOTE:

digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment uses, generates, and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed in accordance with the operator’s manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

WARNING:

approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A

Changes or modifications made to this device which are not expressly

VCCI Notice

This is a Class A product based on the standard of the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Information Technology Equipment (VCCI). If this equipment is used in a domestic environment, radio disturbance may arise. When such trouble occurs, the user may be required to take corrective actions.

Industry Canada Notice

This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.

Le présent appareil numérique n'émet pas de bruits radioélectriques dépassant les limites applicables aux appareils numériques de la class A prescrites dans le Règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique édicté par le ministère des Communications du Canada.

Notice

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Declarati on of Co nformity

Addendum

iii

Application of Council Directive(s):

Manufacturer’s Name:

Manufacturer’s Address:

European Representative Name:

European Representative Address:

Conformance to Directive(s)/Product Standards:

Equipment Type/Environment:

89/336/EEC 73/23/EEC Cabletron Systems, Inc. 35 Industrial Way PO Box 5005 Rochester, NH 03867 Mr. J. Solari Cabletron Systems Limited Nexus House, Newbury Business Park London Road, Newbury Berkshire RG13 2PZ, England EC Directive 89/336/EEC EC Directive 73/23/EEC EN 55022 EN 50082-1 EN 60950 Networking Equipment, for use in a Commercial or Light Industrial Environment.

We the undersigned, hereby declare, under our sole responsibility, that the equipment packaged with this notice conforms to the above directives.

Manufacturer Legal Representative in Europe

Mr. Ronald Fotino Full Name Full Name

Principal Compliance Engineer Title Title

Rochester, NH, USA Location Location

Mr. J. Solari

Managing Director - E.M.E.A.

Newbury, Berkshire, England

Notice

Page 6

Table of Contents

1. Introduction 1

Switching Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Switch of Switches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Switch of Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Switch of Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Switch of Desktops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Switch of Floors and Buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Switch of Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Front Panel Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

The MANAGEMENT Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Token Ring Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Switched Port Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

SmartStack Interface Modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Reset Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

System Request Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Status and Activity LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Back Panel Details. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Features and Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2. Switch Overview 17

Multiple Simultaneous Conversations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Low Latency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Address Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Multiple Bridging Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Source Route Switching (SRS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Source Route Bridging (SRB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Source Route Transparent (SRT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

SRT/SRB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Congestion Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Three Switching Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Cut-Through . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Store and Forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Auto (Adaptive Cut-Through) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Token Ring Port Operation Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

RI/RO-Like Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Transmission Priority Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Notice

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ClearSession Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

CrossLink Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Spanning Tree Protocol Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

VLAN Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Dynamic Source Route Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

SmartStack Manager for Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Telnet Management and VT100 Management (Console) . . 35

IBM LAN Network Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

RMON Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Built-in Port Counters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Stackable Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Back-to-Back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Internal Stacker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

External Stacker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Optional Redundant Power Supply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

3. Preparing for Installation 41

Safety Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Safety with Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Preventing Electrostatic Discharge Damage . . . . . . . . . 42

Site Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Chassis Accessibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Cooling and Airflow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Configuration Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Frame Length Limit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Ring Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Connecting to Other Non-IEEE 802.5j Compliant

Fiber Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Sample Applications for the STS16-20RM and

the STS16-20FRM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Important Management Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . 52

4. Installation 53

Installation Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Package Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Materials Needed for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Installing a SmartStack Interface Module . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Mounting the Chassis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Notice

Page 8

Rack or Cabinet Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Table-Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Cabling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Connecting Devices to the Token Ring Ports . . . . . . . . . 59

Connecting Devices to the Token Ring Ports

Using Building Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Checking the Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Applying Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

5. Accessing Switch Management 65

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Connecting the Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Communication Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Diagnostic Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

6. Switch Configuration 71

General Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Navigating within the Menus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Configuration Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Switch Configuration Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Stack Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Module Information Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

VLAN Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

VLAN Configuration Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

VLAN Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

VLAN Parameter Configuration for CRF Screen . . . . . . . 86

VLAN Parameter Configuration for BRF Screen . . . . . . . 88

VLAN Port Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

IP Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

BootP Requests and Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

SNMP Configuration Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Spanning Tree Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) . . . . . . . . . 95

Spanning Tree for BRF Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Spanning Tree for CRF Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Port Spanning Tree Parameters Screen. . . . . . . . . . . 102

Current Spanning Tree Information Screen . . . . . . . . . 103

Port Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Switched Port Analyzer Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

CrossLink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

CrossLink Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

CrossLink Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Notice

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vii

Setting up a CrossLink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Current CrossLink Information Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Address Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Filters and Port Security Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Configure Filters Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Configure Port Security Mode Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

View Port Filters Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

Protocol Filters Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Protocol Class Assignment Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Port Filtering Attributes Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Address Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Address Aging Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Port Address Table Aging Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Master Address Table Aging Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Password Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Console/Telnet Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Console Configuration Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Serial Link Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Creating a Console Session Using a Modem . . . . . . . . 133

Stopping the Console Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Telnet Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Telnet Sessions Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Starting the Telnet Session. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Stopping the Telnet Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Involuntary Termination of the Telnet Session . . . . . . . . 136

Syslog Daemon Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

DSRR Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

DSRR Group Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

DSRR Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Download/Upload Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Serial Link Download Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

TFTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

TFTP Download/Upload Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Reset Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

7. Monitoring the Network from the Console Statistics Me nu 153

Statistics Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Switch Statistics Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Power Supply Information Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Port Status Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Port Statistics Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

General Statistics Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Notice

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viii

802.5 Statistics Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

802.5 State Information Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

802.5 DTR MAC Information Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

TXI Information Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Station-CPort Information Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Address Tables Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Master Address Table Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Master Route Descriptor Table Screen . . . . . . . . . . . 179

VLAN Address Table Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

VLAN Route Descriptor Table Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Locate MAC Address Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

Current Spanning Tree Information Screen . . . . . . . . . 183

Current Spanning Tree Information for a CRF Screen . . . 186

VLAN Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

VLAN Statistics Screen for CRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

VLAN Statistics Screen for BRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

DSRR Status Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

DSRR Status Tables Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

DSRR Neighbor Table Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

DSRR Acting as Backup Table Screen . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Diagnostic Test Results Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Message Log Information Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Display Summary Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

8. Monitoring the Network with SNMP 199

SNMP Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

IP Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

SNMP Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

SNMP Configuration Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

Community Strings Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Trap Receivers Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

List of Supported Traps from a Switch. . . . . . . . . . . . 204

9. Monitoring Port Traffic 209

Switched Port Analyzer Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

10. Troubleshooting 213

Obtaining Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

Troubleshooting in a Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

Start of Troubleshooting Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

Choosing a Troubleshooting Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . 214

Notice

Page 11

11. Getting in Touch with Technical Support 219

Problem Report Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

Appendix A. Abbreviations 223 Appendix B. Cable and Pin Information 227

Connecting to the Out-of-Band Management Port . . . . . . 227

Out-of-Band Management Port and Cable Pin-Outs . . . . . 228

Twisted-Pair Cable Pin Outs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

Cabling Recommendations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

Cable Length and Lobe Wiring Rules for

Dedicated-Media LAN Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Cable Length and Lobe Wiring Rules for

Shared-Media LAN Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Notice

Page 12

List of Figures

Figure 1. SmartStack STS16-20RM Token Ring Switch . . . . . . . 1

Figure 2. SmartStack STS16-20FRM Token Ring Switch . . . . . . 1

Figure 3. Location of LEDs, Switches, and Connectors

on STS16-20RM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Figure 4. Location of LEDs, Switches, and Connectors

on STS16-20FRM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Figure 5. The Back Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Figure 6. Multiple Conversations Through a STS16-20RM or

STS16-20FRM Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Figure 7. Typical Configuration with Switches

Using Multiple Bridging Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Figure 8. A Switch Configured with Two VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Figure 9. Example of Dynamic Source Route Recovery, Base

Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Figure 10. Example of Dynamic Source Route Recovery,

Normal State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Figure 11. Example of Dynamic Source Route Recovery,

Switch 1 Failed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Figure 12. Typical LAN Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Figure 13. A Simple Application of the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Figure 14. Typical Network without the SmartStack Switches . . . . . 50

Figure 15. Relieving the Overstressed Backbone . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Figure 16. Replacing SRBs with STS16-20RM or STS16-20FRM . . . 51

Figure 17. Star-Wired Topology of Interconnected Switches. . . . . . 52

Figure 18. Removing the SSIM Slot Cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Figure 19. Exposing the Rack Mounting Bracket. . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Figure 20. Mounting the Switch in a Rack or Cabinet . . . . . . . . . 58

Figure 21. Connecting Devices to Token Ring Ports . . . . . . . . . . 60

Figure 22. Connecting using Building Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Figure 23. The Back Panel of the Switch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Figure 24. View of Console Connection—the MANAGEMENT port . . 66

Figure 25. Switch with Four VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Figure 26. Setting up CrossLinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Figure 27. Primary and Traced DSRR Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Figure 28. TIA/EIA 232 Null-Modem Cable for the 25-pin Connector 229 Figure 29. TIA/EIA 232 Null-Modem Cable for the 9-pin Connector . 229

Figure 30. Straight-Through Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

Figure 31. Data Connector-to-RJ-45 Straight-Through Cable . . . . 230

Notice

Page 13

List of Tables

Table 1. Status LEDs and Their Meanings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Table 2. Stack-link LEDs and Their Meanings . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Table 3. Port LEDs and Their Meanings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Table 4. Back Panel Switches and Connectors. . . . . . . . . . . 10

Table 5. Capacity Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Table 6. Performance Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Table 7. Specifications of Physical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . 14

Table 8. Supported MIBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Table 9. Supported RMON Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Table 10. Console Configuration Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Table 11. Modem Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Table 12. Symptom, LED State and Recommended Procedure . . . 214

Table 13. Connecting to the Management Port . . . . . . . . . . . 227

Table 14. Pin-out of the Management Port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Table 15. Copper Cable Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

Table 16. Multimode Optical Fiber Cable Types . . . . . . . . . . . 231

Table 17. Lobe Length for 150 Ohm Shielded Media . . . . . . . . 233

Table 18. Lobe Lengths for 100 Ohm Shielded or Unshielded Cable 233 Table 19. Lobe Lengths for 100 or 120 Ohm

Shielded or Unshielded Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Table 20. Lobe Lengths for Recommended Fiber Cable. . . . . . . 234

Table 21. Alternate Optical Fibers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Notice

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Notice

Page 15

1. Introduction

This chapter discusses switching technology and how the SmartStack STS1620RM and/or the STS16-20FRM Token Ring Switch can be used to improve network performance. This chapter also includes a list of features and specifications for the switch.

➽ Note:

STS16-20FRM.

The topics of this chapter are presented under the following titles:

•

The folloiwing figures display a front view of the STS16-20RM and the STS1620FRM Token Ring switches.

References to SmartStack STS16-20RM are also applicable to SmartStack

“Switching Technology”, starting on page 2.

“Front Panel Details” starting on page 5 and “Back Panel Details” starting on

page 10.

“Back Panel Details”, starting on page 10.

Figure 1. SmartStack STS16-20RM Token Ring Switch

Figure 2. Smar tStack STS16-20FRM Token Ring Switch

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Switching Technology

Demand for network bandwidth continues to grow, driven by the increasing number of systems used in network-intensive applications. LAN segmentation has been the prevalent method for addressing these demands and has been further popularized by trends toward server centralization. However, the implementation costs of LAN segmentation, as well as the real performance characteristics of conventional network components, have served to limit growth of some Token Ring networks. Alternative technologies for addressing bandwidth demands present yet other inhibitors, usually relating to costs. Token Ring switching provides users with an easy, cost-effective technique for addressing these demands.

Token Ring switches, such as the STS16-20RM and the STS16-20FRM, increase throughput between Token Ring segments by supporting simultaneous, parallel conversations. Switched connections between Token Ring segments last only for the duration of the packet—new connections can be made between different segments for the next packet.

Token Ring switches solve congestion problems caused by high-bandwidth devices and powerful applications as well as the number of users. Therefore, each of these devices—servers, for example—can be assigned its own 16 Mbps segment.

In Token Ring networks, the major bottleneck is typically the throughput to highbandwidth devices such as servers, and between routers, bridges, and switches. An effective solution is full-duplex communication, an option for each segment connected to a STS16-20RM or a STS16-20FRM port. Normally, Token Ring operates in half-duplex communication mode, which means stations can either receive or transmit. With full-duplex technology, two communicating stations can transmit and receive at the same time. When packets can flow in both directions simultaneously, effective Token Ring bandwidth doubles from 16 Mbps to 32 Mbps.

The STS16-20RM and the STS16-20FRM can forward Token Ring frames among multiple, shared or dedicated Token Ring LAN segments. Using a frame forwarding technique similar to that of a multiport Token Ring transparent bridge, the switch uses Token Ring MAC addresses to forward Token Ring frames from any of its ports to any other.

Switch of Switches

The STS16-20RM and the STS16-20FRM can be deployed in a variety of network configurations, all of which provide a significant increase in network performance. The series of Cabletron Token Ring products allows users to build network systems that can transport data efficiently and scale upwards as throughput requirements increase. The switches deliver high-reliability and media flexibility. These features combine to allow the switches to be used as a switch of switches which provides media flexibility in an Token Ring configuration.

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The STS16-20RM and the STS16-20FRM can easily connect with other SmartStack products to deliver a broad range of network carrying capacity. Bandwidth is easily scaled to meet all performance requirements.

Switch of Servers

With client/server applications, many client workstations may attempt to access a single server at the same time. This traffic pattern may create bottlenecks at the server. To further enhance performance, the STS16-20RM and the STS16-20FRM can deliver dedicated bandwidth to high-speed file servers. All servers perform better with dedicated 16 Mbps bandwidth.

Even better performance can be achieved by installing multiple adapters in the server. By connecting these adapters to the switch, multiple 16 Mbps paths to the server are created, a solution that is only possible when using a switch.

The switch ties together all Token Ring devices lined to a local wiring center. In networks, where a significant portion of the traffic moves locally between client and server, the switch can be very effective.

Switch of Hubs

When network traffic increases beyond the capability of hubs, contention results. Applications suffer and may even fail. The net effect of such a network configuration is that all devices share a single 16 Mbps data path, thus reducing overall network efficiency. The STS16-20RM and STS16-20FRM can be very effective when used as a switch of hubs.

The switches can alleviate contention through microsegmentation, or reducing the number of devices in each shared segment. To provide microsegmentation, the switches divides a single 16 Mbps segment into multiple 16 Mbps segments. As an example, a workgroup has 16 Mbps of capacity. The 20 ports on the switches support 10 simultaneous conversations with 20 hubs, thus providing the workgroup with 160 Mbps bandwidth throughput, which results in a significant gain in bandwidth.

Switch of Desktops

The STS16-20RM and the STS16-20FRM are a cost-effective means of providing dedicated bandwidth to individual desktop workstations. In this application, the switch replaces a hub, providing excellent, hub-like network management statistics. Total network capacity and throughput increase dramatically for attached desktop workstations.

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Switch of Floors and Buildings

For network managers, multistory buildings and campuses can represent a unique networking challenge. How can a network manager provide an efficient LAN interconnect for users that are located on several floors of a building or in different buildings?

Token Ring switching and the SmartStack product family can provide the best solution. The STS16-20RM and the STS16-20FRM provide enhanced throughput to local wiring closets that can be connected to a switch located in the data center.

Many networks consist of users located in different buildings of a campus environment. The switches can be used as a collapsed backbone interconnecting multiple buildings of a campus. They can provide the connectivity solution and enhanced throughput that such campus environments require.

Switch of Routers

Router technology has had a significant impact on the design of today’s internetworks. Routers have become the cornerstone of most production networks. Although well equipped to provide firewall, WAN connectivity, security, and connection between dissimilar LANs, routers are unable to provide high throughput between desktop devices and servers. Because of these limitations, routers and switches perform complimentary functions in the network.

The STS16-20RM and the STS16-20FRM can be used as a front-end to routers to increase performance in each subnet. Communication between local clients and servers is enhanced at the workgroup level below the router.

The switches can also be used to back-end routers. In networks were many routers are interconnected over Token Ring and backbone performance is not acceptable, the switches provide nonblocking communication between the routers for enhanced network performance. This provides protocol transparency with enhanced throughput in each subnet between local servers and desktops, thus allowing network managers to build logical networks as large as network layer protocol and broadcast traffic allow.

The Switched Port Analyzer also gives a collapsed backbone network superior network management and the ability to perform protocol analysis from a single location. The Switch Port Analyzer provides the latest technology for monitoring switch-based networks and helps to reduce the cost of managing these networks.

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Front Panel Details

The front panel details of the switches are illustrated in Figure 3 and Figure 4. This section lists all the connectors, controls, and LEDs of the front panel.

Figure 3. Location of LEDs, Switches, and Connectors

on STS16-20RM

Figure 4. Location of LEDs, Switches, and Connectors

on STS16-20FRM

The MANAGEMENT Po rt

The 9-pin, male, Out-of-Band Management (OBM) port labelled MANAGEMENT functions as a DTE port.

This port enables attachment of a terminal, either local or remote, through a modem connection. The terminal can be used to configure and monitor the switch.

The MANAGEMENT port automatically detects the baud rate of the terminal to which it is attached.

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Token Ring Ports

STS16-20RM

•

Twenty shielded RJ-45 connectors for Token Ring connection.

— Support for the IBM Cabling System via 150 ohm, shielded twisted-pair

(150 ohm STP); or 100 or 120 ohm unshielded twisted-pair via Category 3, 4, or 5 cables.

— These ports allow half-duplex (HDX) or full-duplex (FDX) connections to

other switches, hubs, or end nodes.

— Ports 19 and 20 can attac to a MAU/CAU RI/RO port

STS16-20FRM

•

Twenty fiber VF-45 connectors for Token Ring connection.

— These ports allow half-duplex (HDX) or full-duplex (FDX) connections to

other switches, hubs, or end nodes.

— All 20 fiber ports can attach to a MAU/CAU RI/RO port.

— On STS16-20FRM, UTP/STP connections are only available by installing

an SSIM-T5-04 Token-Ring SmartStack Interface Module.

The switch will automatically sense what type of Token Ring connection is

•

being employed on each of its ports, whether it is a connection:

— to a shared-media segment via a Token Ring concentrator (Station mode)

— to another Token Ring switch

— operating at 4 Mbps or at 16 Mbps

— to a dedicated-media segment, directly to a Token Ring LAN station

operating in half-duplex or full-duplex mode (Port mode)

The switch will automatically configure (requiring no operator action) each port to operate at the highest possible level of capability. No special crossover cables are required for Token Ring stations on dedicated-media segments or for switch-toswitch connections; the same straight-through cabling is used regardless of the type of connection. This auto-sense/auto-configure capability of the switch can be overridden by explicit console management.

Switched Port Analyzer

Any of the Token Ring ports can be configured as an analyzer port. An analyzer port is used to monitor any of the other ports in the same physical switch. The activity can then be traced by a Token-Ring network analyzer attached to the analyzer port.

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SmartStack Interface Modules

The switch contains two SmartStack interface slots (see Figure 3 or Figure 4) that will accommodate optional, field-installable SmartStack Interface Modules that provide additional connections. Future SmartStack Interface Modules will provide the following types of connections:

SSIM-T5-04 4-Port Token-Ring UTP/STP

•

SSIM-T8-04 4-Port Token-Ring Fiber

•

SSIM-A2-01 ATM155 LANE Bridge UTP

•

SSIM-A8-01 ATM155 LANE Bridge MMF

•

SSIM-R2-02 High-Speed Token Ring UTP

•

SSIM-R8-02 High-Speed Token Ring MMF

•

SSIM-H2-02 Fast Ethernet UTPs

•

Reset But t o n

The switch has a recessed reset button labelled RST that is located on the front panel. Pressing the reset button resets the hardware and software and clears all tables and memory, including the address tables. Pressing the reset button does not clear the values stored in nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM).

System Req uest Button

This unlabeled recessed button is located on the front panel above the reset button. Pressing the button causes the device attached to the MANAGEMENT port. Pressing the button for more than five seconds will initiate a modem download of the main image.

➽ Note:

personnel. The button is recessed to prevent accidental activation.

Labels

The two labels in the right side of the front panel are:

System Request

The system request button should be used only at the direction of service

menu to appear on the console

The MAC Address Label:

•

The unique globally assigned base Base MAC-Address of the switch.

The Switch Number Label:

•

Blank label for an individual user identification of the switch.

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Status and Activity LEDs

The switch features three status LEDs at the left on the front panel that show the current status of the switch. There are also three activity LEDs at the left that indicate the activity of the optional stacker link module. Moreover, each Token Ring port has two LEDs. On STS16-20RM, these two LEDs are unlabeled and located on the upper edge of each port. On STS16-20FRM, these LEDs are located under each port and labeled ACT and INS.

Refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 in this chapter for the locations of all the LEDs.

Table 1 lists the status LEDs and their meanings.

LED State Meaning

PWR

DIAG

ERR

Off

Blinking

The switch is not connected to a power outlet, or the power supply is faulty.

The switch is receiving power.

The DIAG diagnostics LED is on during the power-on self-test.

During download of a new software image, the DIAG LED blinks to indicate the clearing (slow blink) and loading (faster blink) of FLASH memory.

The ERR LED is off during normal operation. If the LED turns on, an error has occurred. Power the switch down and up again. The ERR LED should not turn on again. If it does, the switch is faulty.

Note that the ERR LED also turns on if the switch is powered only by an external power supply.

Table 1. Status LEDs and Their Meanings

The stack-link LEDs and port LEDs are described in the tables on the next page.

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Table 2 lists the stack-link LEDs and their meanings.

LED State Meaning

Data is being transmitted to the stack link.

blinking

Data is being received from the stack link.

blinking

AT TA CH

Table 2. Stack-link LEDs and Their Meanings

A connection has been established to the stack.

Table 3 lists the port LEDs and their meanings.

LED State Meaning

INS

The Token Ring port is inserted into the ring. (left LED of port)

Off

Blinking

The Token Ring port is not inserted into the ring.

The Token Ring port is disabled.

ACT (right LED of

On blinking

Data is being transmitted to or received from the

port. port)

Table 3. Port LEDs and Their Meanings

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Back Panel Details

The back panel of the switches are illustrated in Figure 5.

Figure 5. The Back Panel

Table 4 lists the back panel connectors on the switch.

Name Description

AC connection Standard AC power connection.

Redundant power

Connector for the optional redundant power supply unit.

supply

Table 4. Back Panel Switches and Connectors

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Features and Specifications

Features and specifications for the STS16-20RM and the STS16-20FRM are listed below.

Features

Performance and Advanced Features

Three switching modes:

•

— Low latency cut-through

— Store and forward

— Auto (Adaptive cut-through)

Enhanced bridging modes:

•

— Transparent bridging

— Source route switching

— Source route bridging (SRB)

— Source route transparent bridging (SRT)

Support for duplicate MAC address schemes

•

Automatic port sensing of operating mode and media speed

•

Multiple Token Ring port operation modes:

•

— Half-duplex concentrator and station

— Full-duplex concentrator and station (Dedicated Token Ring)

— RI/RO-like connection

Spanning Tree Protocol support:

•

— IEEE 802.1D

— IBM Spanning Tree Protocol

CrossLink high-speed inter-switch connection

•

(up to 256 Mbps using eight ports)

Advanced filtering (MAC address / Protocol)

•

VLAN (Virtual LAN) support

•

Support for transmission priorities

•

Congestion control

•

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SRB Redundancy

•

Support for ClearSession high availability features

•

Management

Extensive and sophisticated network management:

•

— SNMP management

— Out-of-band management via Telnet and VT100 consoles

— Graphical management application for Windows 95 and Windows NT (for

information on additional management applications for Unix, please contact your local sales representative)

Support for RMON and standard MIBs

•

Network statistics

•

LAN probe port mirroring

•

Fault isolation and detection

•

Download via TFTP or X-modem of new switch microcode

•

Up- and download of switch configuration via TFTP

•

Scalability and High Availability

Up to 5,500 active LAN stations per group of four ports (1-4, 5-8, 9-12,

•

13-16, 17-20) with a maximum of 10,000 active LAN stations per switch

Stackable architecture

•

Optional redundant power supply

•

Six switches can receive backup power from one SmartStack STS-RPC Redundant Power Centre equipped with six SmartStack STS_PSU Redundant Power Supply Unit.

High density switch with seamless integration of LAN & ATM via LAN

•

emulation bridging

Installation

No special crossover cable required

•

Rack or surface mounting

•

Plug and Play for transparent forwarding:

•

— Automatic learning of network configuration

— Transparent to high-level protocol

Automatic sensing and configuration of ports

•

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A factory-assigned MAC address (the switch can also be configured with a

•

locally administered MAC address)

Specifications

The tables on the following pages list the product specifications for the STS1620RM and the STS16-20FRM.

Capacity

Specification Value

Number of Token Ring ports

(base configuration)

Maximum number of additional Token Ring ports in expansion modules

Number of Token Ring switches in stack

2 Expansion slots, choice of

Global lookup table size

(stations and bridges)

8 using the SmartStack STS-8SU Stacker Unit 5 using the SmartStack STS-5SU Stacker Unit 2 using the SmartStack STS-LM Link Module

4 x 4/16 Mbps RJ-45 Token Ring 4 x 4/16 Mbps Fiber Token Ring 1 x ATM155 Card (UTP and MMF) 2 x High-Speed Token Ring (UTP and Fiber)

10,000

Local lookup table size, total for 4 ports

(stations and bridges)

Maximum number of logical rings

Maximum number of VLANs

Table 5. Capacity Specifications

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5,500

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Performance

Specification Value

Maximum frame rate per port

Maximum aggregate frame rate per 4 ports

Throughput per port

Aggregate switching rate (unicast or broadcast) for entire switch

Within switch latency

(cut-through)

Table 6. Performance Specifications

Physical Characteristics

Specification Value

57,000 pps in each direction (measured with a frame size of 19 bytes)

200,000 pps in each direction. Full media speed for frame sizes above 28 bytes

16 Mbps in each direction for all frame sizes

1,500,000 pps for smallest frame sizes

35 µs

Rack mount

Dimensions

Weight

Power

Frequency

AC current rating

Thermal dissipation

(without modules)

MTBF

19" rack mount (hardware included)

Width: 19" (48.3 cm) Depth: 15.74" (40.0 cm) Height 3.46" (8.80 cm)

19.4 lbs. (8.8 Kg)

100 to 240 VAC autosensing

50/60 Hz

1.5 A @ 100 V; 0.75 A @ 220 V

STS16-20RM: STS16-20FRM

90 W, 307 BTU/h : 80 W, 273 BTU/h

STS16-20RM: 77,240 hours STS16-20FRM: 40,342 hours Calculated using Bellcore TR-332, issue 6

Table 7. Specifications of Physical Characteristics

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Specification Value

Operating Temperature: Non-operating Temperature:

Humidity: Operating Non-operating

Electromagnetic compatibility immunity

Electromagnetic compatibility emission

Safety

10 to 40°C (50 to 104°F)

-10 to 70°C (13 to 158°F)

8 to 80% (non-condensing) 90% @ 45°C (113°F)

EN 50082-1 EN 61000-3-2 EN 61000-3-3

FCC Part 15, subpart b, Class A EN55022 Class A CISPR 22 Class A

IEC 950 UL1950 CSA C22.2 No. 950 EN60950

MANAGEMENT port

Software updates

Protocol compatibility

Spanning Tree Protocol support

MIBs supported

TIA/EIA-232-F, DB9 male connector

Flash PROM, TFTP, X-modem

Transparent to higher layer protocols

IEEE 802.1D compliant IBM Spanning Tree

SNMP MIB II (RFC1213) SR Bridge MIB (RFC1525) Bridge MIB (RFC1493) Evolution of the Interfaces Group of MIB-II (RFC1573) RMON MIB/TR extensions - selected groups only (RFC1757/1513) IEEE 802.5 MIB (RFC1749/1748) IEEE 802.5r DTR MIB IEEE 802.5r DTR MAC MIB STS16-20RM MIB VTP MIB

Table 7. Specifications of Physical Characteristics

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Specification Value

Network management

Table 7. Specifications of Physical Characteristics

SNMP Management Platform

Console

Telnet sessions

SmartStack Manager for Windows 95

and NT

Additional management applications

available on Unix platforms: —Tivoli TME 10 NetView for AIX

❏

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2. Switch Overview

The STS16-20RM and the STS16-20FRM are both IEEE 802.5-compliant devices designed to boost throughput on Token Ring networks. They operate as a Media Access Control (MAC)-layer device that is protocol independent.

This chapter describes how the switch operates as a single stand-alone unit. The switch contains the following main elements:

Switching Bus—the architecture of the switch centers around the AXIS bus, a

•

520 Mbps switching fabric through which all switched ports communicate. The AXIS bus is a partially asynchronous time division multiplexed bus used for switching packets between heterogeneous LAN modules.

Token Ring Ports—each port can attach to a classical Token Ring segment or

•

to a dedicated station. Now users running basic applications are able to share bandwidth, and users running bandwidth-intensive applications can receive their own dedicated 16 Mbps port. Each dedicated port can also be set up in full-duplex communication mode, so that each 16 Mbps port doubles to 32 Mbps.

SmartStack Interface Modules (SSIMs)—each switch supports two expansion/

•

uplink modules. These modules include RJ-45 or fiber ports to provide up to eight additional 16 Mbps Token Ring ports. High-speed connections such as 155 Mbps ATM, 100 Mbps HSTR, and 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet provide connections for servers or backbone connectivity.

Stack Link Module—the switch supports a stack link module that can be used

•

to connect two switches from the STS16-20RM series in a back-to-back configuration. Alternatively, up to five switches can be connected together using an internal stacker module, and up to eight switches can be connected together using the external stacker unit and an additional switch stack unit. By connecting switches together through the stack link module, the switches virtually combine to form a single unit, providing scalability, simplified management, and enhanced performance.

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Multiple Simultaneous Conversations

A limitation of Token Ring is that it supports only one packet at a time. The STS1620RM and the STS16-20FRM improve data throughput by supporting multiple, simultaneous, full-duplex conversations. By using High-Speed bus switching technology, the switch creates multiple data paths. These switched connections between Token Ring segments last only for the duration of a byte transmission. New connections are made “on-the-fly” between different ports on the switch for the next byte.

Figure 6. Multiple Conversations Through a STS16-20RM or

STS16-20FRM Switch

For example, as shown in Figure 6, while host A is transmitting a byte to host B, the switch connects only the lines from A to B since there is no need to send packets to all other ports. At the same time, a second switching circuit can connect host C to host D. The result: Two packets are sent simultaneously.

➽ Note:

The switch transmits broadcast and multicast packets on several switch ports

simultaneously.

The increase in throughput is directly proportional to the number of physical tokenrings that are interconnected through the switch. A switch with 20 ports interconnected provides up to ten concurrent paths. With ten simultaneous

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conversations, the switch creates 160 Mbps throughput in half-duplex mode, or 320 Mbps throughput in full-duplex mode.

A single segment can be dedicated to a single host or shared by several. To optimize throughput, high-speed servers can be given dedicated switch ports.

By transporting multiple Token Ring packets simultaneously, it boosts overall network throughput.

Low Latency

When operating in cut-through mode, the switch minimizes latency—the time it takes to forward a packet from one Token Ring segment to another—by beginning switching immediately after looking at the first six bytes of the destination address in the packet. If the packet needs to be switched to another LAN segment, its data begins flowing through the destination port before the entire packet has been received. The result: packets can appear at the output port 35 microseconds after entering the input port. Network devices that use store-and-forward technology introduce much longer delays because they wait to receive the entire packet before forwarding it.

By minimizing delay, the switch can move more packets freely throughout the LAN without degrading performance.

Address Manag ement

At power up, the system address tables do not contain any information. Whenever a switch receives a packet with an unknown source or destination address, it learns the new source address and stores its location in coming port in the address table. If the destination address is unknown it sends the packet to all ports that can receive data from the incoming port. When the response packet comes back, the switch will learn the responder’s location and adds it to the address table. Once the address table entries are created, the switch uses these learned address to switch all subsequent packets to the port where the destination address is located.

The system address table maintains up to 10,000 entries, and each port address table maintains 5,500 active Token Ring addresses (each port address table is shared by four ports, using the following: 1-4, 5-8, 9-12, 13-, etc.). If an address has not been active for a configurable aging time, it is removed from the tables. This ensures that the port’s address table is populated only by the most recently used address.

This capability allows users to transparently connect to high-volume backbone networks.

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Multiple Bridging Modes

The STS16-20RM and the STS16-20FRM each supports four different switching modes to provide maximum flexibility in all installation environments. The switching modes are

source route transparent

(BRF and CRF) as outlined in the following.

source route switching

(SRT) and SRT/SRB. The switch operates on two levels

(SRS),

source route bridging

(SRB),

Figure 7. Typical Configuration with Switches

Using Multiple Bridging Modes

The switch bridging modes are founded on the concept of

logical segments

in Ethernet. The logical ring is represented on the switch by the DTR (IEEE 802.5r) standard’s may consist of interconnected CRFs on different switches.

Each port on the switch belongs to a CRF, which is a logical grouping of ports within the switch. A CRF can consist of any number of ports within a switch or a switch stack. The ports within a CRF do not have to be adjacent.

The logical rings and, subsequently, the CRFs, are assigned a unique ring number each when the switch performs source routing functions. The bridging is performed through the logical entity of the

SmartStack STS16-20RM/STS16-20FRM Token Ring Switches, P/N: 9032957-01 Switch Overview

concentrator relay function

bridge relay function

(BRF).

logical rings

(LR) or

(CRF). A logical ring

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The CRF communicates via a logical, virtual port with the bridge relay function, which functions as a multiport (virtual) bridge between the logical rings. The switch can support up to 63 logical rings.

There are two levels of relay functions supported by the switch. The first level is the CRF to which the ports are assigned. The second level is the BRF. This is the parent relay function to which CRFs are assigned. The switch maintains certain configuration information and management statistics on a per BRF/CRF basis. Therefore, when you access VLAN specific switch configuration or management screens (such as the Current Spanning Tree Information screen), you will be prompted to specify the desired BRF or CRF.

Source Route Switching (SRS)

This mode is used between ports comprising a logical ring.

SRS switching combines the normal transparent bridge function with the ability to forward frames based on source route information to locally attached source-route bridges. The switch does not otherwise act as a source route bridge. For non sourcerouted packets, the switch decision is based upon destination MAC Addresses. For source-routed packets, it is based on the source-route information combined with the destination MAC address.

The switch learns MAC addresses and source-routing route descriptors of Source Route Bridges attached to local switch ports.

Parallel paths are eliminated via the IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol.

Source Route Bridging (SRB)

The BRF acts as a multiport source route bridge between CRFs with the following characteristics:

Each logical ring has a different ring number

•

Source-routed frames are forwarded between the logical rings by the bridge

•

relay function based on the route information field

Non-source-routed frames are not forwarded between logical rings

•

The bridge relay function has a single bridge number and multiple ring

•

numbers (one per logical ring)

SRS is used between the ports of each logical ring. The bridge relay function runs the IBM Spanning Tree Protocol to eliminate parallel paths with other source-route bridges. The IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol is still used with each logical ring. Duplicate MAC addresses are allowed rings.

if they are on different logical

only

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Source Route Transparent (SRT)

The BRF can combine transparent switching with source route bridging. Nonsource-routed packets are switched across logical rings by transparent bridging. Source-routed frames are switched across logical rings by source route bridging and within each logical ring by source route switching.

The Bridge Relay Function runs the IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol. Duplicate MAC addresses are

allowed.

not

SRT/SRB

This is a special mode combining SRT and the SRB switching modes. Each logical ring will operate either in SRT mode or in SRB mode. Transparent bridging will only take place between logical rings in SRT mode. Source route bridging will take place between all logical rings.

The purpose of the SRT/SRB mode is to allow duplicate MAC addresses to be used when in SRT mode. The ports on which the duplicate MAC addresses reside can be reached only by source routing.

The bridge relay function runs the IBM Spanning Tree Protocol on the SRB logical rings to eliminate parallel paths with all source route bridges. It runs IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol on the SRT logical rings to eliminate parallel paths with other SRT bridges. The two resulting spanning trees are joined together.

The IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol is still used to eliminate parallel paths within each logical ring whether it is SRB or SRT.

The benefit of the SRT/SRB mode is that it allows part of the network to be run in SRT mode to accommodate applications that do not support source routing, while still supporting duplicate MAC addresses on a number of SRB ports (for example, for SNA gateway applications).

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Filtering

Filtering is important for a LAN switch. Filters can be used to reduce broadcast traffic, block certain protocols and provide security functions.

The switch provides filters for:

Destination or source MAC addresses

•

Destination service access point (DSAP)

•

Subnetwork Access Protocol (SNAP) type

•

Each protocol filter can be applied on a per-port basis for both input and output traffic. This feature allows certain protocols to be blocked from certain ports. For example, filters can be established to allow only Systems Network Architecture (SNA) traffic to flow to ports with SNA gateways.

Source and destination MAC address filtering can be applied to all incoming frames. The MAC address filters act in one of three ways:

Block destination address at a specific port—this prevents the specified port

•

from sending frames to a specified destination.

Allow destination address at specific ports—this indicates that the specified

•

port must send frames to the specified destinations

Force destination address to a specific port—this allows forwarding to a

•

unicast address that has not been learned. It can also be used to limit the forwarding of Multicast addresses to a subset of ports. This last filter applies to non-source-routing frames

Congestion Control

At regular intervals, the switch CPU inspects the queues on all output ports. If a queue size is above a certain threshold, the port is instructed to:

Set the transmit priority for low priority frames to a specified high level

•

Delete old frames from the queue until it reaches a specified size

•

When the queue size again comes below a normal threshold size the port is instructed to set the transmit priority back to the normal level.

only

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Three Switching Modes

This section describes the three switching modes available on the switch.

Cut-Through

In this mode the switch starts forwarding the packet to the output port as soon as the destination address or the source route of the incoming packet has been resolved. This technique ensures very low latency, typically in the range of 30-100 µs. However, if errors occur on the input port during the reception of a packet, the error will still be forwarded to the output port. Note that cut-through can only be used in transmissions between ports which operate at 16 Mbps.

Store and Forward

In this mode, the switch receives the total packet from the input port, checks it for any errors and then starts forwarding the packet to the destination port. This technique will ensure that no faulty packets are transmitted by output port. The negative impact however, is higher latency, typically in the range of 40–2,000 µs depending on the packet size. Though slower than cut-through mode, this is still much faster that conventional bridges.

Auto (Adaptive Cut-Through)

This is a technique whereby the switch will automatically swap between store-andforward and cut-through modes based on an error threshold. If the number of received faulty packets is low, then cut-through mode is used; if the number of faulty packets is high, the store and forward mode is used. This provides optimized performance but introduces variable latency.

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Token Ring Port Operation Modes

Each Token Ring port may operate in one of the following modes:

Half-duplex concentrator port

•

The port behaves like an active MAU port for classical Token Ring. Connects to a single station in half-duplex mode. This is also known as Token Passing (TKP) port mode. Compatible with older adapters.

Half-duplex station emulation

•

The port is connected to a port on a MAU. Connects to a classical Token Ring segment with multiple stations. This is also known as Token Passing (TKP) station mode.

Full-duplex concentrator port

•

Connects to a single station or to another switch in full-duplex mode. This is also known as Transmit Immediate (TXI) port mode.

Full-duplex station emulation

•

Connects to another Token Ring switch. This is also known as Transmit Immediate (TXI) station mode.

RI/RO-like connection

•

Allows connection of the RI/RO port from a MAU or CAU directly to the switch. (STS16-20RM on ports 19 and 20, STS16-20FRM on all 20 fiber ports.)

The mode of operation can be configured manually or sensed automatically with the exception of RI/RO, when equipment is connected to the port. The media speed (4 or 16 Mbps) can also be manually configured or automatically sensed in all port modes.

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RI/RO-Like Connection

Two different types of RI/RO connections are used on the UTP cables and fiber RI/RO connections on the switch.

UTP RI/RO Connection

A UTP RI/RO connection is only available on STS16-20RM, on ports 19 and 20.

This feature allows the switch to connect to CAU/LAM systems using the RI/RO connections thus providing a RI/RO-like functionality. This enables the switch to be easily installed in existing Token Ring networks.

A loop-back function has been implemented on these ports so that if the port is disabled or the switch is powered off there will not be a break in the attached main ring. This means that attaching a cable from the RI port of a MAU port to one of the two switch ports in effect joins the primary and the backup ring in a MAU/CAU main ring system. Connecting the other end of the RI/RO connection to the other switch port, the same segment.

enabled

there is a break in the main ring, the STP will place both ports in forward mode, and all MACs on both segments will be relearned.

creates redundant paths

Therefore, the IEEE Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) must be

, which will place one port in forward and the other in blocked mode. If

because the two switch ports are connected to

If a switch port has been configured to RI/RO mode, it will automatically sense whether the port has been connected to RI or RO of the MAU.

➽ Note:

connected according to the configuration. Any errors, such as attaching port 19 or 20 to a normal MAU port when the STS16-20RM port has been configured for RI/RO, will cause a complete disruption of the ring to which the port is attached. Therefore, be careful when using the RI/RO feature.

Fiber RI/RO Connection

Fiber RI/RO is available for all twenty ports on the STS16-20FRM Switch and on fiber expansion modules. This mode allows the switch to connect to fiber devices that does not conform to 802.5j specifications.

It is not possible to automatically verify whether an UTP/STP port has been

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Transmission Priority Queues

To address the needs of delay-sensitive data, such as multimedia, the Token Ring ports of the switch have two transmit queues, a high-priority queue and a lowpriority queue.

The queue for a frame is determined by the value of the priority field in the frame control (FC) byte. If FC priority is above a configurable level (default 3), the frame is put into the high-priority queue. If an output port becomes congested, you can dynamically configure the port to transmit all frames at high priority regardless of the FC byte contents.

ClearSession Support

The STS16-20RM series switches support ClearSession high availability and network redundancy features.

ClearSession is a framework for mission critical networks. It prevents session loss by providing a network failure recovery time of, typically, less than three seconds. ClearSession consists of a several product features. Some of these, ClearServer, CrossLinks and Dynamic Source Route Recovery, are supported by the STS1620RM series switches. These features provide the following functionality:

ClearServer

treated as one virtual adapter in the server, thus allowing multiple connections between a server and the backbone switch or switches. During normal operation the traffic is distributed on the links. The STS16-20RM series switches support ClearServer for LAN to be used on servers connected to the switch.

CrossLinks.

20RM series switches may be expanded to a CrossLink. A CrossLink is an aggregation of two to eight identical parallel links, working as one link of the aggregate capacity, providing protection from physical link failure. Should one of the links fail, the traffic is redistributed among the remaining operational links.

Dynamic Source Route Recovery

STS16-20RM series switches, performing source route bridging between a sharedmedia access ring and a common backbone ring, to function as backup for each other. Should one of the switches fail or lose connectivity to one of the access rings, the other switch immediately takes over and bridges source-routed traffic marked with the failed path. DSRR protects source-routed traffic to and from shared access segments, such as user rings, with redundant connections to two Token-Ring switches. Traffic to and from such rings that is non-source-routed relies on the spanning tree.

. Token-Ring ClearServer for LAN, allow multiple adapters to be

Any Token-Ring link or dedicated Token-Ring link between STS16-

. DSRR is a feature that enables two or more

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CrossLink Connections

Two or more Token-Ring ports can be configured to comprise a CrossLink.

A CrossLink is a collection of identical parallel links between two switches or between a switch and an end node, aggregated to appear as one single link of the aggregate capacity. The traffic distribution mechanism attempts to balance the load on the individual links. If one of the links in a CrossLink fails, the traffic is automatically moved from this link and distributed among the other links, thus providing active resilience.

The CrossLink ports on a STS16-20RM series switch can be used to connect to another STS16-20RM series switch, or a server with multiple RapidFire adapters using ClearServer for Token-Ring. (Please note that ClearServer for Token-Ring is supported on selected models of RapidFire adapters only. For details, refer to the ClearServer for LAN product information.)

The CrossLinks provide load distribution as well as resilience. In normal operation, the traffic is distributed on the physical ports of the CrossLink according to the frame MAC addresses. This ensures the sequence of a flow. Should a link fail or otherwise become inoperative, the switch dynamically redistributes the traffic to the remaining links. The CrossLink remains in operation as long as there is at least one link in operation. If a failed link is restored, traffic is once more redistributed to make use of the restored link.

A CrossLink is in many ways operating as one single link. For example, the spanning tree protocol will only have one port entity covering all ports in the CrossLink. The ports will all have the same operating state. As for VLAN and CRF configuration, the CrossLink is also seen as one link. Configuration changes apply to all links in the CrossLink.

On the STS16-20RM or STS16-20FRM switch, CrossLinks can also be configured on the High-Speed Token-Ring ports of the SSIM-R2-02/SSIM-R8-02 High-Speed Token Ring SmartStack Interface Modules or on the Fast Ethernet ports of the SSIM-H2-02 Fast Ethernet - Translational Switch SmartStack Interface Module. CrossLinks on Fast Ethernet ports can only consist of two ports available on the sameSSIM-H2-02 Fast Ethernet - Translational Switch SmartStack Interface Module.

The CrossLink concept is designed to be compatible with the coming Link Aggregation standard, IEEE 802.3ad.

The STS16-20RM or STS16-20FRM switch allows up to eight CrossLinks, each consisting of up to eight Token-Ring links.

For details about CrossLink configuration, please refer to the section “CrossLink” on page 109 in Chapter 6, “Switch Configuration”..

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Spanning Tree Protocol Support

IBM initially supported only networks were built to use it. The main consideration for SRB implementations in switches is the spanning tree algorithm for spanning tree explorers (STEs). IBM originally implemented a form of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) spanning tree algorithm. This algorithm, commonly referred to as the IBM spanning tree, limits the STE frames to one copy per destination ring. Some SRB implementations have also implemented the IEEE Spanning Tree Protocol to be compatible with source route transparent bridges. The IEEE Spanning Tree Protocol is not compatible with the IBM Spanning Tree Protocol.

The switch supports both the IEEE 802.1D and IBM Spanning Tree Protocols.

VLAN Support

The virtual LAN (VLAN) concept creates a virtual switch within a physical switch or stack of switches. A VLAN consists of CRFs and has its own bridge relay function attached. Frames are not forwarded across VLANs and ring numbers must be unique within a VLAN.

A VLAN consists of a number of ports of a switch or stack of switches

•

source route bridging

(SRB) in its bridges, so most

No frames are forwarded between ports belonging to different VLANs

•

Port groups on different VLANs may be assigned the same ring number, but

•

ring numbers must be unique within the same VLAN

For each VLAN, the stack can be assigned a separate IP address

•

The spanning tree protocol is executed independently within each VLAN.

•

However, since all BRFs use the same Bridge ID for the spanning tree algorithm, the spanning tree protocol will not function if ports from different BRFs within one switch are connected.

A sample VLAN with a STS16-20RM or a STS16-20FRM is shown in Figure 8.

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Figure 8. A Switch Configured with Two VLANs

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Dynamic Source Route Recovery

Dynamic Source Route Recovery (DSRR) is a proprietary protocol that enables a group of switches to handle a link or switch failure without session loss.

A basic redundant setup must have a minimum of two switches performing source route bridging between a legacy Token-Ring and an emulated Token-Ring (or another legacy ring) as illustrated in Figure 9.

BRF

Bridge No. B1

CRF

BRF

Bridge No. B2

CRF

Figure 9. Example of Dynamic Source Route Recovery, Base Configuration

This configuration already has redundant paths between the two rings, but since moving traffic from one path to the other involves changing source route, this would involve session loss.

When DSRR is enabled, an extra path is automatically created between the two rings for each switch, as shown in Figure 10. During normal operation, these extra paths do not forward any traffic.

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BRF

Bridge No. B1

Backup BRF

Inactive

BRF

Bridge No. B2

Backup BRF

Inactive

Figure 10. Example of Dynamic Source Route Recovery, Normal State

If one of the switches (Figure 10) or its link to any of the Token-Rings fail, (one of) the remaining active switch(es) will after a short interval activate its backup path to take over the traffic of the failed switch (see Figure 11). When the failing switch has been repaired/replaced, the traffic will automatically revert to it.

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BRF

Bridge No. B1

Backup BRF

Inactive

BRF

Bridge No. B2

Backup BRF

Bridge No. B1

Active

Figure 11. Example of Dynamic Source Route Recovery, Switch 1 Failed

Note that since a separate link is required for forwarding traffic with a given Route Descriptor, one switch can only carry backup traffic for one failed switch at a time. This means that a total of 2×n switches is required to handle simultaneous failure of n switches.

While the above example shows redundancy for a BRF with two CRFs, it is also possible to provide (partial) redundancy for a BRF with more than two CRFs. This must, however, be accomplished by creating separate DSRR instances for selected CRF pairs. Note that since at least one of the CRFs must be connected to a legacy Token-Ring, it is not possible to provide full redundancy for a BRF with more than one ATM CRF.

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Management

This section describes the management options for the switch.

SNMP

The switch can be managed via a SNMP manager. It supports ten Management Information Bases (MIBs). Six of the MIBs are standard MIBs, which are defined by RFCs and are included with most SNMP management applications. Four of the MIBs are proprietary and are provided on the disk that accompanies the switch. SNMP management is supported via IP and MAC.

The following MIBs are supported:

Specification MIB

RFC1213 MIB II

RFC1493 Bridge MIB

RFC1525 SR Bridge MIB

RFC1573 Evolution of the Interfaces

Group of MIB-II

RFC1757/1513 RMON MIB/TR extensions -

Only partial support

RFC1749/1748 IEEE 802.5 MIB

DTR MIB IEEE 802.5r MIB

DTR MAC MIB IEEE 802.5r MIB

Private MIB 1.3.6.1.4.1.285

Private MIB 1.3.6.1.4.1.9

Table 8. Supported MIBs

Most user configurable variables will be supported in either the standard MIBs or the proprietary MIB. Configuration settings, such as port attributes, and operational information, such as address tables, are fully accessible through SNMP. Certain other settings, such as passwords and console settings, cannot be viewed or modified via SNMP for security reasons.

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SmartStack Manager for Windows

The SmartStack Manager is an application that runs under Windows. It provides an intuitive graphical user interface (GUI) displaying a view of the switch front panel and supporting configuration, performance monitoring, and troubleshooting.

This application is included with the switch.

Telnet Management and VT100 Management (Console)

The Console Management function may be accessed out-of-band via the TIA/EIA232-F (that is, RS-232) port labeled MANAGEMENT or in-band via Telnet.

IBM LAN Network Manager

The switch does

support management by the IBM LAN Network Manager, but

not

it will allow LAN Network Manager LLC frames to flow through the switch so that communication to existing LNM manageable hubs and source route bridges will be maintained. The switch also implements a mini Ring Parameter Server to supply attached NICs (such as CAUs) with the configured ring number.

Some error reporting functions and ring map functions might be lost for the rings attached to through the switch, because a Token Ring switch will not (and should not) forward MAC frames, but only LLC frames between ports.

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RMON Support

RMON is an industry-standard method for providing network statistics monitoring using SNMP. It also collects fault, performance, and configuration statistics. It can monitor continuously, even when communication with the management station is not possible or efficient. RMON can then notify the management station when an exceptional condition occurs.

In typical SNMP management, the SNMP client has to continuously poll the switch for fault, performance, and configuration information, waiting for the value to change. This causes increased traffic through the network. With RMON, you can have the switch monitor a particular statistic internally, and when the statistics reaches a threshold, the switch will send a trap to the client. This monitoring method reduces traffic between the SNMP client and the switch.

The switch implements a mini RMON probe for the physical ports by supporting some of the RMON groups RFC 1757 and RFC 1513.

For full RMON an external probe must be used.

For information on supported groups, see the following table:

Name Support Info

Statistics

Supported:

— The Token-Ring MAC-Layer Statistics Group.

The Token-Ring Promiscuous Statistics Group.

— The Ethernet Statistics Group.

2. History Supported

— The Token-Ring MAC-Layer History Group. — The Token-Ring Promiscuous History Group.

3. Alarm

— The Ethernet History Group

—

Supported

—

Not supported

for all RMON variables.

for other MIB variables.

4. Hosts Not supported.

5. HostTopN Not supported.

6. Matrix Not supported.

7. Filter Not supported.

Table 9. Supported RMON Groups

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Name Support Info

8. Capture Not supported

9. Event Supported.

10. Token-Ring Supported:

— The Token-Ring Ring Station Group.

— The Token-Ring Ring Station Order Group. — The Ring Station Config Table.

Not supported

— The Token-Ring Ring Station Config Group. — The Token-Ring Source Routing Group.

Table 9. Supported RMON Groups

Built-in Port Counters

The switch supports a wide range of port counters, which enables you to obtain a detailed overview of the port traffic. The counters give a comprehensive overview in the areas of:

Only

supported as read

created as default can be read. The ring station table is not supported.

. That is, only the entries

MAC Layer Counters

•

MAC Layer Error Counters

•

Frame Forwarding Counters

•

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Stackable Architecture

All SmartStack STS16-20x switches are stackable.

The STS16-20RM and the STS16-20FRM switch can be stacked using the SmartStack STS-LM Link Module, the SmartStack STS-5SU Stacker Unit or the SmartStack STS-8SU Stacker Unit for connecting up to eight switches in a stack.

Back-to-Back

Two STS16-20RM series switches can be connected together by fitting each switch with the SmartStack STS-LM Link Module and connecting the switches together using an appropriate stacker link cable. This simple connection doubles the number of ports available, giving a total maximum of 56 ports.

Internal Stacker

The SmartStack STS-5SU Stacker Unit can be inserted into the stacker port of a switch. It allows up to five switches from the STS16-20 series to be stacked together. One of the switches in the stack must contain the SmartStack STS-5SU. Each switch in the stack must be equipped with a SmartStack STS-LM Link Module and an appropriate stacker link cable. This can result in a stack of as many as five STS1620RM series switches. The SmartStack STS-5SU Stacker Unit works as a common backplane switching fabric, which provides 1.4 Gbps of aggregate bandwidth.

External Stacker

The SmartStack STS-8SU Stacker Unit is an external stack unit that allows up to eight STS16-20RM series switches to be stacked together. Each switch in the stack must be equipped with an SmartStack STS-LM Link Module and an appropriate stacker link cable. The SmartStack STS-8SU Stacker Unit works as a common backplane switching fabric, which provides 2.2 Gbps of aggregate bandwidth.

➽ Note:

switches from the STS16-20 series in any desired combination. All switches in a stack must, however, run the same software version.

The STS16-20RM and the STS16-20FRM can be stacked together with

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Optional Redundant Power Supply

The switch has an input for a backup power supply. It is compatible with the SmartStack STS-RPC Redundant Power Center, which can supply backup power for up to six switches, when up to six SmartStack STS-PSU Redundant Power Supply Units are installed in the chassis. This gives a high degree of resilience to power supply failures. The switch will start using the external power supply if the internal supply fails. The switch monitors the power source and informs the network management system which supply is in use.

The SmartStack STS-8SU Stacker Unit also accommodates an optional switch matrix STS-SM, which includes a redundant power supply, ensuring the highest degree of resilience in the stack of switches.

➽ Caution:

swappable. Both the SmartStack STS-PSU and the switch connecting or disconnecting the DC power cable.

The redundant power supply unit SmartStack STS-PSU is

must be off

not

before

hot-

❏

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3. Preparing for Installation

Before installing the STS16-20RM or the STS16-20FRM Token Ring switch, read this chapter carefully.

Safety Recommendations

Follow these guidelines to ensure general safety during and after the installation:

Keep the chassis area clear and dust-free during and after installation.

•

Keep tools away from walk areas where you and others could trip over them.

•

Do not perform any action that creates a potential hazard to people or makes

•

the equipment unsafe.

Safety with Electricity

Follow these guidelines when working on equipment powered by electricity.

➽ Danger: ➽ Danger:

wired and earthed receptacle. Any equipment to which the switch will be attached must also be connected to properly wired and earthed receptacles.

➽ Warning:

jewelry (including rings, necklaces, bracelets and watches). Metal objects will heat up when connected to power and ground and can cause serious burns or weld the metal object to the terminals.

➽ Warning:

periods of lightning activity. Read the installation instructions before you connect the system to its power source.

Do not open the switch. Dangerous voltage inside.

To avoid shock hazard, the power cord must be connected to a properly

Before working on equipment that is connected to power lines, remove

Do not work on the system or connect or disconnect cables during

To turn ON/OFF switch. Note that if the switch is connected to an external Redundant Power Supply Unit (RPSU), the power cord must be removed from both units.

Locate the emergency power-off switch for the room in which you are

•

working. Then, if an electrical accident occurs, you can act quickly to turn off the power.

Preparing for Installation SmartStack STS16-20RM/STS16-20FRM Token Ring Switches, P/N: 9032957-01

the switch, you must disconnect the power cord; there is no

off

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Before working on the system, unplug the power cord. To avoid the possibility

•

of electrical shock, unplug the power cord from the outlet before detaching the power cord from the switch.

Disconnect all power before doing the following:

•

— Installing or removing a chassis

— Working near power supplies

— Performing a hardware upgrade

Do not work alone if potentially hazardous conditions exist.

•

Never assume that power is disconnected from a circuit. Always check.

•

Look carefully for possible hazards in your work area, such as moist floors,

•

ungrounded power extension cables, and missing safety grounds.

If an electrical accident occurs, proceed as follows:

•

— Use caution; do not become a victim yourself.

— Unplug the power cord(s).

— If possible, send another person to get medical aid. Otherwise, assess the

condition of the victim and then call for help.

— Determine if the person needs rescue breathing or external cardiac

compressions; then take appropriate action.

Preventing Electrostatic Discharge Damage

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage equipment and impair electrical circuitry. It occurs when electronic components are improperly handled and can result in complete or intermittent failures. Always follow ESD-prevention procedures when removing and replacing components. Ensure that the chassis is electrically connected to earth ground using an ESD mat or a ground wire. Wear an ESD-preventive wrist strap, ensuring that it makes good skin contact. To safely channel unwanted ESD voltages to ground, connect the clip to an unpainted surface of the chassis frame. To properly guard against ESD damage and shocks, the wrist strap and cord must operate effectively. If no wrist strap is available, ground yourself by touching the metal part of the chassis.

➽ Caution:

which should be between 1 and 10 MΩ.

SmartStack STS16-20RM/STS16-20FRM Token Ring Switches, P/N: 9032957-01 Preparing for Installation

For safety, periodically check the resistance value of the antistatic strap,

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Site Requirements

Following are the site requirements for installation.

Environment

Choose a clean, dust-free, preferably air-conditioned location. Avoid direct sunlight, heat sources, or areas with high levels of EMI (Electromagnetic Interference).

Chassis Accessibility

Make sure the front and back panel of the equipment is accessible so that you can monitor the LED indicators and access the control switches. Leaving enough clearance at the front and back will also allow easier cabling and service.

Cooling and Airflow

Two fans, which are located at the left side of the switch, cool the interior by drawing air through vents on the left side and forcing heated air out through holes in the right side. If the internal temperature exceeds 50°C (112°F), a temperature error is reported to the console.

➽ Caution:

that exceeds the maximum recommended ambient temperature of 40°C (104°F). To prevent airflow restriction, you must allow at least 7.6 cm (3") of clearance around chassis openings for proper airflow.

Power

The source electrical outlet should be installed near the switch, be easily accessible, and properly grounded.

Also, observe the following power cable considerations before you start the installation of the STS16-20RM and/or the STS16-20FRM Token Ring switch.

11. The socket outlet shall be installed near the equipment and shall be easily accessible.

To protect the equipment from overheating, do not operate it in an area

12. To prevent electrical shock, the power cord set used must comply with national regulations.

2a. The female receptacle of the cord must meet CEE-22 requirements.

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2b. The cord must be UL listed, CSA labelled, and consist of three conductors

with a maximum of 15 feet in length. Type SVT or SJT cord sets shall be used for units which stand on a desk or table. Type SJT cord sets shall be used for units which stand on floor.

2c. The male plug for units operating at 115 VAC shall consist of a parallel

blade, grounding type attachment plug rated 15 A, 125 VAC. The male plug for units operating at 230 VAC shall consist of a tandem blade, grounding type attachment plug rated 15 A, 250 VAC. The male plug for units operating at 230 VAC (outside of the United States and Canada) shall consist of a grounding type attachment plug rated 15 A, 250 VAC and have the appropriate safety approvals for the country in which the equipment will be installed.

➽ Caution:

while you are installing the unit to avoid dropping it on the floor or any equipment beneath it in the rack. The STS16-20RM unit and the STS16-20FRM unit each weighs approximately 8.8 kg (19.4 lbs).

➽ Caution:

out from the socket. The power socket must be easily accessible and located near the unit.

➽ Warning:

(SELV) circuits like local area networking (LAN).

➽ Warning:

(overcurrent) protection. Ensure that a fuse or circuit breaker no larger than 120 VAC, 15A U.S. (240 VAC, 10A international) is used on the phase conductors (all current-carrying conductors).

➽ Warning:

hazard. If the voltage indicated on the label is different from the power outlet voltage,

do not connect the chassis to that receptacle

Support the STS16-20RM or the STS16-20FRM Token Ring switch

To separate the switch from the power, pull the power cord completely

All RJ-45 connectors must only be connected to safety extra low voltage

This product relies on the building’s installation for short-circuit

A voltage mismatch can cause equipment damage and may pose a fire

➽ Caution

note that this unit is

: If you are using the redundant power supply unit SmartStack STS-PSU,

not

unit and the switch before connecting or disconnecting the DC power cable.

SmartStack STS16-20RM/STS16-20FRM Token Ring Switches, P/N: 9032957-01 Preparing for Installation

hot-swappable. You must turn off the SmartStack STS-PSU

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Configuration Guidelines

Read the guidelines in the following sections before you start installing the switch. In brief, remember the following when planning to install the switch:

18,192 byte maximum physical frame length.

•

For shared-media LAN segments, acceptable distances are defined by the hub

•

or concentrator attached to the switch port.

Straight-through cables for all ports.

•

If you create parallel paths directly between switches, be sure that you have

•

enabled the spanning tree protocol (see “Spanning Tree for BRF Screen” on page 96). The default setting for the spanning tree protocol is disabled.

The spanning tree protocol will not function between different BRFs within

•

one switch.

The following sections contain more detailed information.

Frame Length Limit

The STS16-20RM and the STS16-20FRM both support a

length

FCS, characters). This corresponds to a Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU) of 17,800 bytes.

The corresponds to an MTU of 4,472 bytes. The configured in the

The switch truncates frames larger than the configured maximum physical frame length and adds an abort sequence at the end. Characteristically, if frames are sent longer than the frame length limit, the abort sequences will be reported as frame errors by other ring stations.

In a stack of switches, all stacker link modules in the stack must support 18 KB frames for any switch in the stack to support frames sizes longer than 4,546 bytes. Additionally, if you are using ATM uplinks, all ATM uplinks in the switch and in the stack must support 18 KB frames for any switch in the stack to support MTU sizes greater than 4,472 bytes.

of 18,192 bytes (from the Frame Control, FC, to the Frame Check Sequence,

default

maximum physical frame length of the switch is 4,546 bytes which

actual

VLAN Parameter Configuration for BRF

MTU size of a VLAN is

maximum physical frame

screen, see page 88.

To verify that your hardware supports 18 KB frames, view the

Information

that do not support 18 KB frames will have the text after the hardware revision level.

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screen, described on page 80. Stacker link modules and ATM uplinks

(4K)

Module

displayed immediately

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You can also use the dialog can display all the hardware modules. Note that the SSIM-H2-02 Fast Ethernet - Translational Switch SmartStack Interface Module might display 1,500 bytes, but this does not prevent the stack from running 18 KB.

For information on how to upgrade your stacker link modules or ATM uplinks that currently do not support 18 KB frames, please contact your dealer or your local Cabletron representative.

➽ Note:

and make sure that the workstations and servers in the network have been configured to use a maximum frame length of equal or less than the switch. If this is not done you may experience problems after the switch has been installed in the network.

IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree

When the IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol is active, a port within that spanning tree domain will require several seconds to make the transition from the blocking state to the forwarding state, from the time the port is initially activated (for example, joins an existing ring or activates a dedicated link).

NET 18K

It is most important that you consider the impact of the frame length limit,

dialog box in the HP OpenView application. This

Some client or server applications may attempt to establish session activity during this time, resulting in error messages indicating a connection failure. These applications should be configured to wait at least thirty seconds after the LAN link has become active, before attempting to establish session activity. Modifying the

802.1D spanning tree default parameters can reduce this delay. If STP is enabled on a dedicated port (FDX) and a station is attached, it takes at least 30 seconds for the port to do the transition DWN stations may give up before the transition is done. This means that the first many connection attempts are lost. STP should not be enabled on ports that are intended for dedicated stations. This problem does not occur on shared media, because the port will stay attached to the hub even though all stations have closed.

Another reason for not enabling STP for dedicated stations is, that the whole network will go into This will cause the whole network to use short aging timers, which means that all address tables will be cleared. This can lead to many unknown station broadcasts before the tables converge again. Note that a port or CRF that is manually forced to either FWD or BLK state, is not participating in the spanning tree protocol. If a port or CRF is changed from administrator’s responsibility that no loops are created from this port(s) to other parts of the network.

Topology Change

(the default) to

Auto

→→→→

LSN

LRN

→→→→

state each time a station opens or closes.

FWD/BLK

FWD. IPX clients and server

→→→→

, it is the network

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Ring Numb ers

Forwarding frames between CRFs in SRB mode is only possible if the CRFs know their ring numbers. If you are running the switch in an environment without other bridges/switches, auto-configuration of ring numbers is not possible. In this case, you have to configure the ring numbers manually.

Connecting to Other Non-IEEE 802.5j Compliant Fiber Devices

When connecting ports on the STS16-20FRM switch or on the fiber module SSIMT8-04 Token-Ring SmartStack Interface Module to non-IEEE 802.5j compliant devices, the STS16-20FRM or SSIM-T8-04 fiber ports should manually be set to RI/RO mode in order to make sure that a connection can be established. If the other fiber equipment supports FDX connections, the fiber ports on STS16-20FRM or SSIM-T8-04 should manually be set to fiber connection.

FDX Port

mode in order to make a FDX

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Sample Applications for the STS16-20RM and the STS16-20FRM

The STS16-20RM and the STS16-20FRM switch allow you to make incremental changes in your network to address both immediate and long-range performance challenges. For example, a Token Ring LAN of 80 stations including 4 servers might experience performance problems as a result of increased traffic. As it is currently structured, the LAN looks like the one in Figure 12.

MAU

19 Workstations

MAU MAU

19 Workstations

Figure 12. Typical LAN Segmentation

Server

MAU

19 Workstations

Server

All of the stations are attached to access units located in a single wiring closet. You can install an switch in the same wiring closet and divide the LAN into 4 segments of 20 stations each. One access-unit port from each segment will be connected to a port on the switch via a patch cable. Finally, the four servers are removed from the access units to which they have been attached and their cables moved to four ports on the switch (as depicted in Figure 13).

Each group of 19 users attached to an access unit now shares a dedicated, 16 Mbps path to the server. Each server has a dedicated, 16 Mbps path upon which to service requests. The overall capacity of this solution is 64 Mbps; network capacity has increased fourfold.

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Figure 13. A Simple Application of the Switch

Some large, multisegment, hierarchical Token Ring networks experience congestion at the campus backbone level. Although this congestion can often be relieved by converting the backbone to a higher speed, shared-media protocol or by installing additional bridges or dual backbones to eliminate bottlenecks, the STS16-20RM switch and the STS16-20FRM switch offer dedicated-media that might be longer lived or more economical if you eventually need higher demand applications.

Figure 14 on the next page illustrates a typical network without the STS16-20RM or the STS16-20FRM switch. This network is a three-level, hierarchical, campus network. Figure 15 and Figure 16 offer several alternatives for using the STS16-20RM or the STS16-20FRM switch.

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Server

SRB SRB

SRB

Server

SRB

Server

4 6

SRB

Figure 14. Typical Network without the SmartStack Switches

In Figure 15, the congested campus backbone and the sourcerouting bridges (SRBs) attached to it have been replaced by an STS16-20RM or an STS16-20FRM.

Figure 15. Relieving the Overstressed Backbone

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The Next Step

Typically, the first point of congestion in this newly configured network would be the servers. Because the usual mode of operation for a Token Ring adapter is halfduplex, the servers can either send or receive information with one other segment attached to the switch. If the server adapters are replaced with full-duplex adapters, and are attached as single-station segments as shown in Figure 15, they can send and receive data simultaneously. The capacity of each server is now 32 Mbps per port.

However, network congestion is not always at the backbone level. In Figure 16, the two MAUs and six bridges have been replaced by a single switch. Internally, the switch is configured with one BRF and seven CRFs, allowing the switch to replace the MAUs and bridges without the need for further reconfiguration. This configuration greatly improves performance by allowing switching directly from ring to ring. The four servers, each with a full-duplex connection to the switch, have been grouped in CRF 5.

If even better performance is needed, the switch shown in Figure 16 can be replaced with a stack of switches. A stack can provide up to 224 ports, making it feasIble to connect workstations directly to a switch port. A direct connection provides a dedicated 32 Mbps for users with high bandwidth requirements.

Switch

BRF

CRF 1

1 2

CRF 2

CRF 3

CRF 7

CRF 8

CRF 9

CRF 5

32 Mbps

Figure 16. Replacing SRBs with STS16-20RM or STS16-20FRM

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Server

Server Server Server

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Important Management Considerations

A star-wired topology (see Figure 17) helps determine problems in a network because no single cable carries all of the traffic on the network. However, serial connections could reduce network reliability since each connecting cable and switch could potentially divide the network should a failure occur.

If you create parallel paths directly between switches, be sure you have enabled spanning tree protocol (the default setting for spanning tree protocol is no or disabled). Parallel paths create endless loops that cause unsatisfactory network operation unless you configure the switch for spanning tree capability. The spanning tree algorithm disconnects loops in networks using the transparent bridging algorithm or the SRT algorithm, and will block a port of one of the switches in the parallel paths. If the port in the primary path fails, the port that has been blocked will change automatically to the forwarding state, keeping the network operational.

Figure 17. Star-Wired Topology of Interconnected Switches

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4. Installation

This chapter contains step-by-step instructions for installing, connecting and verifying that the STS16-20RM and/or STS16-20FRM Token Ring switch is operating properly.

Installation Summary

The installation sequence is listed in the following steps.

1. Plan for installation. Read Chapter 3, “Preparing for Installation”.

2. Unpack the switch.

3. Gather the materials.

4. If you will be installing expansion modules, install them now.

5. Mount the switch.

6. Connect the switch to the network.

7. Verify the operation of the switch.

➽ Note:

configuration of the switch or monitoring its activity.

8. Configure the switch.

➽ Note:

LEDs, please see “Front Panel Details” on page 5 and “Back Panel Details” on page 10 in Chapter 1.

Complete the following step only if you will be customizing the

For information on front panel and back panel connectors, buttons, slots, and

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P ackage Contents

Immediately after receiving the equipment, examine all shipping containers and contents for damage. If any damage has occurred, notify the shipping carrier. Unpack the unit by removing the packing material and lifting it from its protective enclosures. Visually examine the equipment and check the container for related parts and accessories. You should have the following items:

One STS16-20RM Token Ring Switch

•

One STS16-20FRM Token Ring Switch

One CD-ROM containing the Token-Ring switch software and the SmartStack

•

Manager for Windows, as well as user documentation in PDF format

One SmartStack Manager for Windows Installation and User Guide

•

One printed STS16-20RM/STS16-20FRM Token Ring Switches Installation

•

and User Guide (this guide)

•

Report any missing parts and any damage, not related to shipping, to your customer service representative.

➽ Note:

warranty should be shipped in their original packing materials.

If you have received your equipment before your site is fully prepared, after inspection, you should keep all of the components in the original shipping containers and store them in a physically and environmentally safe place.

One serial cable for the management port

One plastic bag containing four adhesive rubber feet and rack mounting screws, an Allen key, nuts and washers

Keep the packing materials for future use.

All components returned under

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Materials Needed for Installation

To install the switch, you need the following items:

If the unit will be installed in a rack, you need:

•

— A rack inventory chart and a cabling chart from your network

administrator.

— The supplied set of screws, nuts and washers along with the Allen key tool.

— A properly earthed power cord.

If the unit will be installed on a surface (such as a tabletop), you will need:

•

— A cabling chart from your network administrator.

— The four supplied adhesive rubber feet.

— A properly earthed power cord.

Installing a SmartStack Interface Module

Follow these steps to install a SmartStack Interface Module (SSIM), if you have received one. Also, see the user documentation supplied with the module.

1. If you have not already done so, unplug or remove power from the switch.

2. Remove the SSIM from its box.

3. Remove the plate covering the SSIM slot on the front of the switch by loosening the two thumbscrews holding it in place. See Figure 18. Use a screwdriver if the screws are too tight to be removed with your fingers. Retain the plate and thumbscrews for use in the event that the SSIM is ever removed.

4. Insert the card in the SSIM slot carefully, fitting each side into the card rails, and making sure that the connector on the card is seated in the connector at the back of the slot.

5. Secure the card with the two thumbscrews attached to it. This is illustrated in the publication that was shipped with the SSIM.

6. It may be necessary to download new microcode to the switch in order to use a specific SSIM. Refer to the instructions that came with your SSIM package.

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Figure 18. Removing the SSIM Slot Cover

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Mounting the Chassis

The switch can be mounted in a standard 19-inch rack or cabinet, or can be mounted on any flat surface such as a tabletop. The installation area should be near a power source and should have enough room around the front and back panels for cabling and access to controls. Use the following procedures for the installation of the switch.

➽ Warning:

replace this equipment.

Rack or Cabinet Mounting

If you install the equipment in a closed or multi-unit rack, observe the environmental guidelines from the previous chapter, Chapter 3, “Preparing for Installation”.

➽ Caution:

that the switch and any other equipment are mechanically stable.

The following steps describe how to mount the switch in a rack or cabinet:

1. Remove the bracket covers on each side of the switch to expose the rack mounting brackets. Access to the retaining screws is obtained by opening the cap on the front of each bracket cover. Use the Allen key supplied with the switch to remove the two 6 mm Allen screws. When you have removed the screws, push the bracket cover towards the back of the switch and lift the cover off. Keep the screws for later use.

Only trained and qualified personnel should be allowed to install or

The following rack mounting instructions need to be observed to ensure

Figure 19. Exposing the Rack Mounting Bracket

Before going on to the next step, be sure you have the proper hardware for mounting the chassis with the exposed brackets to your cabinet or rack.

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2. Position the switch, with the exposed mounting brackets, in the rack or cabinet and slide it up or down until the bracket holes line up with the rack holes. Attach the chassis brackets to the rack using the Allen screws you removed in the previous step and the nuts supplied with the switch. Close the cap again to conceal the screws.

➽ Note:

sliding pullout mount, you will need to provide the extra mounting hardware.

Figure 20. Mounting the Switch in a Rack or Cabinet

Only fixed brackets are supplied with these units. If you want to install a

Table-Mounting

The switch operates at a low noise level, which makes it suitable for a large enough flat surface, such as a table.

Four self-adhesive pads are supplied with the switch. The pads must be mounted in the four recesses on the bottom of the switch. When the pads are mounted, simply place the switch on a clear, level location. Leave enough room around the switch for ventilation and access to the controls and cable connectors.

➽ Caution:

equivalent weight of other equipment) directly on top of another chassis. More than three units on top of another unit may cause damage to the lower unit.

Due to weight constraints, place no more than three units (or the

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Cabling

➽ Note:

Panel Details” on page 5 and “Back Panel Details” on page 10 in Chapter 1.

This section provides instructions for connecting devices (such as hubs, servers, personal computers, and workstations) to the switch. Remember these tips when connecting cables:

•

For information on connectors, buttons, slots, and LEDs, please see “Front

Avoid stretching or bending the cables excessively.

Avoid routing the cables near potential sources of electromagnetic interference, such as motorized devices and fluorescent lights.

Avoid trip hazards by routing the cables away from aisles and other areas where people walk. If such routes cannot be avoided, use floor cable covers or similar material to secure and protect the cables.

Be sure that the cables connected to the switch are supported so that the cable connectors are not excessively strained.

On the STS16-20RM, use a Category 3 or better UTP cable or a 150 ohm STP or STP-A cable with an impedance-matching balun at each end.

STS16-20FRM supports 50/125 µm and 62.5/125 µm fiber cables with a

•

VF-45 connector. Fiber cable lengths up to 2000 meters are supported. Note that these connectors are not compatible to the fiber ST Duplex connectors on the STS-T8-04 Token-Ring SmartStack Interface Module. Standard converter cables are needed. Also, on STS16-20FRM, a UTP/STP connection is only supported via the STS-T5-04 Token Ring SmartStack Interface Module.

See Appendix B, “Cable and Pin Information” for specific information on supported cable types, cable lengths and connector pinouts.

Connecting Devices to the Token Ring Ports

If you will not be using building wiring (in-the-wall cables) to connect the device to the switch, perform the following steps. If you will be using building wiring, follow the steps beginning with step 1 on page 60.

Follow these steps to connect one or more devices to the Token Ring ports on the switch:

1. If you have an SSIM, connect it using the instructions in the documentation shipped with it and then return here.

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2. Using the switch Cabling Chart provided by your network administrator as a guide, connect the cables between the switch and other devices as illustrated in Figure 21. Note that the figure illustrates an RJ-45 connector on each end. Depending on the cable type you use, the device end of the cable may also have a 9-pin D-shell or 150 ohm Data Connector.

3. If the switch is rack-mounted, dress the switch end of the cables through a cable management bracket, if one is present on your rack.

4. Label each end of the cables so that it will be easy to find the device if you have to troubleshoot a network problem.

Suggested information to place on the label includes the room location of the device at the other end, a unique cable identification number, the MAC address of the connected device, and the number of the port to which the cable is attached.

5. To continue installing the switch, go to “Applying Power” on page 62.

Figure 21. Connecting Devices to Token Ring Ports

Connecting Devices to the Token Ring Ports Using Building Wiring

If you will use building wiring (in-the-wall cables) to connect the device to the switch, perform the following steps:

1. If you have an SSIM, connect it using the instructions in the documentation shipped with it and then return here.

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2. Using the Switch Cabling Chart provided by your administrator as a guide, connect the cables between the devices and the faceplates as illustrated in Figure

22.

3. Label the faceplate, so that it will be easier to find the device if you have to troubleshoot a network problem.

4. In the wiring closet, connect a cable to the Token Ring connector on the patch panel or other equipment where the building wiring terminates.

➽ Note:

port on a media access unit (MAU) unless you use port 19 or 20 on the switch.

5. Connect the other end of the cable to a Token Ring port on the switch.

6. Label this cable.

7. If the switch is rack-mounted, dress the switch end of the cables through a cable management bracket, if one is present on your rack.

8. To continue installing the switch, continue with “Applying Power”.

On STS16-20RM, do not connect these cables to the Ring-In or Ring-Out

Figure 22. Connecting using Building Wiring

Checking the Installation

Before you apply power to the switch, inspect the installation thoroughly. Verify that all cables are installed correctly. Check cable routing, so a cable will not be damaged or create a safety hazard. Be sure all equipment is mounted properly and securely.

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Applying Power

The switch chassis does not have an on/off switch.

plugged into a power source

There are no user serviceable parts inside a switch. Any internal upgrades or service should be performed by Qualified Personnel

➽ Caution

note that this unit is unit and the switch before connecting or disconnecting the DC power cable.

➽ Warning:

an on/off switch.

➽ Warning:

first and disconnected last.

➽ Warning:

connected to earth ground during normal use.

Power is on when the unit is

only

: If you are using the SmartStack STS-PSU redundant power supply unit,

hot-swappable. You must

not

turn off

the SmartStack STS-PSU

Unplug the power cord before you work on a system that does not have

When installing the unit, the ground connection must always be made

This equipment is intended to be grounded. Ensure that the host is

Use the following steps to power on your equipment.

1. Ensure that you are using the correct power source.

2. Using a power cable that complies with national regulations, plug the female end of the cable into the AC power connector on the back panel of the switch (see Figure 23).

3. Plug the male end of the power cord(s) into a properly grounded electrical outlet.

Figure 23. The Back Panel of the Switch

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4. Verify that the power LED is on. If not, make sure the outlet is working properly. If the outlet is working, but the power LED and the fans are not on, see Chapter 10, “Troubleshooting”.

5. When the switch powers on, observe the self-test diagnostic that the unit runs for approximately 1-2 minutes. The DIAG LED is on for the duration of the test, turning off when the self-test is complete.

6. At the completion of the diagnostics, the front panel LEDs should be illuminated according to the status of the unit’s configuration. See the following sections for a description of the controls and LEDs for the switch.

➽ Note:

error, the ERR LED will be on or flashing on. If the ERR LED is on or flashes, see Chapter 10, “Troubleshooting”.

If the switch fails to power up correctly or if it encounters any unrecoverable

❏

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5. Accessing Switch Management

The switches can be configured in two ways:

Using the switch console

You can access the switch console interface

— directly, by connecting a VT100 terminal emulator to the RS-232 port

— remotely, via Telnet.

Using SNMP based graphical management applications

— SmartStack Manager for Windows

— Other Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) based applications.

Overview

This chapter only describes how to access the switch console via the MANAGEMENT port. Refer to the section “Console/Telnet Sessions” on page 131 for information on configuring serial console and/or telnet console sessions.

labeled MANAGEMENT.

Network management applications (in-band management) are beyond the scope of this guide. However, note that to be able to manage the switch by the network management application via SNMP, you will have to configure a few settings first in the switch console. These are typically the IP Address, SNMP Community, and Trap Receiver.

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Connecting the Console

The two following subsections explain how to connect to the switch console. You can connect directly or via a modem. For detailed information on cabling and pins, see Chapter B, “Cable and Pin Information”.

Connecting a Terminal Directly to the MANAGEMENT Port

1. Connect one end of a crossover TIA/EIA-232 cable (commonly known as a RS232 cable) to the MANAGEMENT port. This is a male DB-9 connector configured as a DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) device.

2. Connect the other end of the cable to a PC or another DTE device.

1. Attach a null-modem adapter to the MANAGEMENT port.

2. Attach a straight-through modem cable to the null-modem adapter.

Connecting to the MANAGEMENT Port Using a Modem

1. Connect one end of a straight-through TIA/EIA-232 modem cable to the MANAGEMENT port. This is a male DB-9 connector configured as a DTE device.

2. Connect the other end of the cable to a modem.

See Figure 24 to view the location of the cable connection on the front panel of the switch.

Figure 24. View of Console Connection—the MANAGEMENT port

The next step and table describe the settings to use for configuring a console in order to communicate with the switch.

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3. Use the values listed in the following table to set the configuration parameters on your console for interfacing to the switch.

Specification Value

Baud Rate 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600

Parity None

Data bits 8

Stop bits 1

Handshaking None

Terminal emulation VT100

Duplex Full

Software flow control

Off (input and output)

(XON/XOFF)

Hardware flow

Off

control (RTS/CTS)

Autobaud upon break On

Line wrap On

Screen scroll On

CR translation CR

Backspace (BS)

Destructive

translation

Break length

350

(milliseconds)

Enquiry (ENQ) Off

EGA/VGA true underline

Terminal width 8 0

ANSI 7 or 8 bit commands

Table 10. Console Configuration Settings

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Specification Value

Microsoft Windows ™ terminal emulation

Table 10. Console Configuration Settings

Disable the

Ctrl Keys for Windows

Use Function, Arrow, and

option located in

the Terminal Preference menu

4. At power on (cold boot), the switch performs a series of self-test diagnostics verifying that hardware components are functioning. An example of the self-test diagnostic screen is shown later in this chapter.

Communication Problems

If the diagnostic list does not appear, or is garbled, try adjusting the baud rates between the console and the switch by using the Autobaud routine within the switch. To do this, press the reset button on the front of the switch and wait for the internal diagnostics to finish (the DIAG LED turns off). The reason for the reset is that in case the switch’s Autobaud routine is disabled, resetting it will set it to its default mode of Autobaud enabled.

Depending on the type of the console, there are several console command keys that will potentially initiate the Autobaud routine in the switch. Four of these keys are

RETURN

, the combination keys

ALT-B

, the

BREAK

key, and

ESC

After the DIAG LED turns off, try one of the command keys at the console, and press it repeatedly. If there is no response, wait several seconds and again, press it repeatedly. If necessary, perform the same routine using the other command keys.

If this does not work, and there is a garbled output on the screen, try pushing the unlabeled system request button on the switch. As soon as garbled characters appear, press the console’s

RETURN

key twice in rapid succession. (Again, try the

other command keys as necessary).

If the problem remains, try the following steps:

1. Check all of the cable connections.

2. Check the baud rate at the console’s set up screen; if it is not set to 9600, try this setting.

3. Try setting the console baud rate to different values up or down, and pressing

RETURN

for each selection.

4. If you are using a terminal emulation program, try exiting the program and restarting.

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5. If you still can not get the connection to work, contact technical support as described in Chapter 11, “Getting in Touch with Technical Support”.

Diagnostic Screen

The diagnostic self-test displays two different screens, depending on whether you perform a cold boot (power-on cycle with full diagnostics), or a warm boot (a reset without full diagnostics). The warm boot contains portions of the complete cold boot list.

The following is an

example

of a diagnostic screen during a boot process. The actual screen may vary depending on, for example, hardware, options, and software version levels:

- Initiating bootstrapping sequence.

- Boot image integrity check...Passed.

- Control transferred to boot process.

Boot Firmware (Phase II) v2.3

- Program memory test........Passed.

- Relocating main image to

DRAM.......................................Done.

- Main image integrity check...succeeded.

- Control transferred to main process.

- Starting Power On Self Test Diagnostics.

- Network memory test 32-bits........Passed.

- Network memory test 16-bits........Passed.

- Network memory test 8-bits........Passed.

- Port register and memory test.....................Passed.

- Single port loopback test.....................Passed.

- All ports linked loopback test.....................Passed.

- Port MAC test.....Passed.

- Completed Power On Self Test Diagnostics.

- Initialization started

- File system initialized

- System temperature is within safe operating levels

- Checking file system integrity

- Warmboot initialization started

- LAN ports detected:

- RJ-45 Token Ring: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

- StkPort : 29

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- Initializing Ports: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 29

- Initializing system address table

- System entering stand-alone mode

- System initialization complete

- Enabling port: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 29

Press RETURN key to activate console...

Depending upon which tests have run, verify that all diagnostics have passed and that the ERR LED is off. If the ERR LED is on, read the screen to determine which test failed. Also see Chapter 10, “Troubleshooting”, to help find the cause.

At the end of the boot messages, you should be prompted to press

RETURN (ENTER)

The following greeting screen of the switch console manager should appear:

At the top level screen, press contents of the main menu, the submenus and screens are described in subsequent chapters. The information in these chapters includes configuring, monitoring, and viewing statistics on the switch.

➽ Note:

If you have forgotten the password, you can delete it by pressing the unlabeled system request button on the front panel of the switch for one second. Then release it and select the

Read-Only

SmartStack STS16-20RM/STS16-20FRM Token Ring Switches, P/N: 9032957-01 Accessing Switch Management

and the

ENTER (RETURN

) to enter the main menu. The

Point 4. Clear the system password

Read/Write

password.

. This will clear both

❏

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6. Switch Configuration

This chapter explains how to set up the STS16-20RM or the STS16-20FRM Token Ring switch and how to modify the configuration using a VT100 console attached to the switch directly or via a modem connection. The switch configuration can also be modified from a remote VT100 console via a telnet session.

For information on how to connect the console, see Chapter 5, “Accessing Switch Management”.

Subjects covered in this chapter:

General guidelines (page 72)

•

Main menu screen (page 74)

•

Configuration menu (page 75)

•

Switch and stack configuration (page 76)

•

Module information (page 80)

•

Virtual LANs (page 82)

•

IP Configuration (page 91)

•

Spanning tree protocol (STP) (page 94)

•

Port configuration (page 104)

•

CrossLink channels (page 109)

•

Address filtering (page 115)

•

Address aging (page 125)

•

Console password (page 129)

•

Console/telnet sessions (page 131)

•

Syslog facility (page 138)

•

DSRR configuration (page 140)

•

Download/Upload menu (page 146)

•

Reset menu (page 151)

•

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General Guide l ine s

To work within the console menus and screens, follow these guidelines:

To select an item on a screen or a menu, highlight it by using the arrow keys

•

and then press item—for example, selecting appears on the screen.

ENTER

. If you need to specify additional information for that

or No or supplying a

Ye s

value

—a prompt

In most cases, new values are saved when you select

•

The

•

screen. Selecting information.

Port

Index

To return to the main menu from any screen, press changes made to the screen you were in will not be saved when you do this. To return to the greeting screen, press

To refresh the console screen, press

If you are administering switches in a stack, many of the console screens will prompt for a box number. Enter the number of the box you want to administer.

The “VLAN” term in connection with CRF is discussed on page 29.

The terms “Virtual LAN” and “domain” are interchangeable.

item means there is more information than what is displayed on that

refers to the number of a specific port on a switch.

refers to the numerical order of a list.

and pressing

ENTER

CTRL-B

CTRL-L

displays the next screen of

Return

CTRL-P

. Note that any

The console automatically returns to the greeting screen after five minutes of

•

inactivity. Five minutes is the default value. The time can be changed at the

Console Configuration

To open the

Configuration

For protection against inadvertent or unauthorized access to configuration

•

screens, you may establish a password that users must enter at the greeting screen. In release 4.0 (and later) two types of users can be defined:

Read-only

These users cannot modify any of the configuration parameters. They can read everything (except the SNMP communities).

Read-write

•

These users have full access to all configuration parameters.

Console Configuration

→→→→

users:

menu as explained later in this chapter.

menu from the main menu, select

Console Configuration

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If no password is configured, just press To establish a password, see the section "Password Menu" on page 129 later in this chapter. To open the

For more explanation on the greeting screen, see Chapter 5, “Accessing Switch Management”.

Password

ENTER

menu, select

and the main menu is presented.

Configuration

→→→→

Password.

Navigating within the Menus

Use the arrow keys (also referred to as cursor keys) to highlight an item on the screen or menu.

Items that end with three dots, opens another screen or menu. Pressing the

•

ENTER

If the item on the screen is a command, such as

•

will execute the command.

Unless specified differently, all the screens and menus are accessed in the same way.

The following section describes the items on the main menu.

key on such an item will display the new screen or menu.

Reset

, pressing the

ENTER

key

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Main Menu

The main menu contains the following items, that give access to console screens and submenus:

Configuration...

Displays the

Configuration

menu, which enables you to view and set the switch configuration parameters. A detailed explanation of the configuration submenus is given on page 75.

Statistics...

Displays the

Statistics

menu are in Chapter 7, “Monitoring the Network from the Console

Statistics

menu for the switch. Explanations of screens in the

Statistics Menu” on page 153.

Download/Upload...

Displays the

Download/Upload

menu that is explained in this chapter, starting

from page 146.

Reset...

Displays the

Reset

menu that is explained in this chapter starting from page 151.

Exit Console

Highlighting this command and pressing greeting screen (on a Telnet session, this will cause the session to close).

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ENTER

will return the console to the

Page 89

Configuration Menu

Open this menu by selecting

Configuration

menu you can view and set the switch configuration parameters.

Configuration

in the main menu. From the

This chapter describes all submenus and screens.

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Switch Configuration Screen

To open this screen from the main menu, select

Configuration

Use the change the system name, location, contact, and time of day. To add or change the system name, location, contact or time of day, use the arrow keys to highlight the field and press the entering text for that field. Pressing

Switch Configuration

....

ENTER

screen to view system information and to view or

key. A prompt appears near the bottom of the screen for

ENTER

Configuration

again enters that text.

→

→ →

Switch

System Description

Name and model of the switch, or, in the case of a stack, the generic stack name. In addition to this, the firmware release is displayed. Information in this field cannot be changed.

Build Description

Describes when the firmware running in the switch was built. Display only.

DRAM Installed

Amount (in MB) of dynamic memory installed. Display only.

Flash Memory Installed

Amount (in KB) of flash memory installed. Display only.

Burned-in MAC Address

The factory-assigned base MAC address of the switch. Display only.

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Configured MAC Address

The MAC address that is currently in use, or, if a new MAC address has been configured, the MAC address that will be used after the next boot. If a locally administered address is assigned to the switch, this field displays that address. Otherwise, the field displays address, select this field, and enter the new address. Note that the switch occupies this address, the base MAC address, and possibly the next 96 addresses.

000000:000000

. To assign a locally administered

To configure a LAA address, use the session or an SNMP based management tool. Note that a restart is necessary when changing the base MAC address.

The greeting screen on the console will always show the current active Switch base Address.

The switch reserves 31 addresses for ports.

The Token Ring ports on a switch will be assigned MAC addresses using the following scheme:

BASE Module port 1- 20 Will be assigned Switch Base Address + port

•

LEFT SSIM port 1-4 Will be assigned Switch Base Address + 20 +

•

RIGHT SSIM port 1-4 Will be assigned Switch Base Address + 24 +

•

OR:

Switch Configuration

number

port number

screen from a console

A Token Ring port will be assigned a MAC address, which is Switch Base Address + the port number displayed on the port configuration screen (or interface table for SNMP).

This MAC address is used for the Token Ring MAC protocol, and for the spanning tree protocol.

The switch reserves 63 addresses for BRF ( VLAN).

Each VLAN has an attached bridge relay function (BRF) and a management entity (IP-protocol stack), and consequently it needs a MAC Address. In the switch, these two logical units use the same address, however this address must be unique in the network. This is ensured by assigning MAC address to BRFs from the Switch Base Address + 32 (0x20) and upwards. The switch is designed in such a way, that it operates with 63 active or preferred VLAN’s, implying that 63 MAC addresses need to be reserved for BRF.

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Summarizing each switch reserve: Switch Base Address + 31 Addresses for Token Ring ports + 63 MAC Addresses for BRFs = 95, which is rounded up to 96 or hexadecimal 0x60.

The MAC address of the default BRF (trnet-default) will always be the switch base address + 32. If the switch operates in a stack, only one of the switches will operate the bridge relay function. Hence the MAC address of the default BRF will be based on the address of the stackmaster. The stackmaster is determined by software, when the stack consists of two switches back to back and by the port numbers in STS8SU/STS-5SU stack configurations.

There is no simple rule to find the default MAC address of other BRFs, but it is always in the range as described in the following:

Stack Master Base Address + 32 < BRF MAC Address < Stack Master Base Address + 95. And a BRF (VLAN) MAC address is assigned, when the VLAN becomes preferred (that is, it has an assigned port in the actual switch or stack of switches) by selecting the lowest available MAC address above Stack Master Base Address + 32.

If management (SNMP or TELNET) contact with the switch is lost (because, for example, ports are moved from one BRF to another) it is suggested, that a terminal is connected to the OBM port of the switch stack, and the IP Configuration menu is entered. From here, it is possible to read the MAC address of the management entity (BRF).

In version 3.10.0 (and later) it is possible to assign an individual, locally administrated MAC address to each VLAN.

➽ Note

"VLAN Configuration" on page 82.

Address Format

Display format used for MAC addresses (canonical or non-canonical). Canonical format is typically used in Ethernet networks and is also known as least significant bit first. Non-canonical is typically used in Token Ring networks and is also known as most significant bit first.

System Name

! A reboot of the switch is necessary after assigning the VLAN LAA. See

Any name you choose to assign to the switch (on a TCP/IP network, it could be the IP hostname).

System Location

Any text string of max. 64 characters that you have assigned for the switch.

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System Contact

Any text string of max. 64 characters you have assigned for the switch.

Time of Day

An internal clock is used to calculate total time of operation and time of day. To adjust the time, select this item, press minute.

ENTER

, then enter the month, day, hour, or

➽ Note:

this is the case, contact your local reseller.

Stack Configuration Screen

To open this screen from the main menu, select

Configuration

If you cannot set the

→

Stack Configuration

→ →

Time of Day

, the lithium battery may need replacing. If

→

Configuration

→ →

Switch

The following information is displayed on this screen:

Number of Boxes

Number of switches currently participating in the stack. Information in this field cannot be changed.

Local Box Number

Number assigned to the currently selected switch. The local box is also the source of the information displayed on this screen. Information in this field cannot be changed.

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Remote Box Number(s)

Number of switches (in addition to this one) in the stack. Information in this field cannot be changed.

Stack Time-out

If a switch goes off line, the length of time (in seconds) during which the stack tries to reestablish communication with the switch. The default is 16 seconds.

Stack State

Whether the SmartStack Switch Stacker is operational (SmartStack STS-LM or SmartStack STS-5SU). Display only.

Stack Connection

Whether the STS-8SU SmartStack Stacker Unit is connected. Display only.

Module Information Screen

To open this screen from the main menu, select

Information

If expansion modules have been installed, this menu provides information on them. The switch is listed as the first module.

....

Configuration

→

→ →

Module

The following information is displayed on this screen:

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Module

Module number. The switch is listed as module 1. Expansion cards are listed as module 2 and module 3. The stack port is listed as module 4.

Status

Whether the module is up, down, failed, or the slot is empty.

Model

Type of module. The SmartStack switch is listed for the base switch. For this module as well as for others, this field displays the product number.

Decimal identifier of the module.

HW Rev

Hardware revision level. If

(4K)

is displayed after the number, this uplink will prevent the switch (or stack of switches) from operating with an MTU size above 4,472 bytes. If

HW Rev

is set to NA, the module does not support reading of the

hardware revision..

FW Rev

Firmware revision level.

Ports

Number of ports on the module.

Up Time

Amount of time that the module has been up (since the last reset). Display only.

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VLAN Configuration

The Virtual LAN feature can be used to partition a switch or a stack of switches into several Virtual LANs, each containing its own set of ports (the terms and

domain

belonging to the same VLAN. The benefit of Virtual LAN is to restrict access from one segment to another, either for security purposes or to reduce intersegment traffic. Figure 25 illustrates a switch with four VLANs.

are interchangeable). Packets are forwarded only between ports

Virtual LAN

Figure 25. Switch with Four VLANs

To set up domains using the VLAN Configuration menu, specify the ports belonging to the domains, then set up the IP configurations, trap configuration (trap receivers are associated with a set of VLANs and a receiver IP address) and STP configurations specific to the appropriate VLANs. If you have already supplied configuration information using the main configuration menus, that information applies to VLAN “default”. Virtual LANs affects other switch features in the following ways:

Spanning tree protocol (STP).

•

must supply STP information for that domain. The STP software treats ports on other domains as nonexistent. Domains do not affect port priorities and port costs. You set these parameters using the STP Configuration menu that you select from the main Configuration menu. Note that all BRFs defined in a switch use the same STP bridge identifier. This means that BRFs from the same switch or stack of switches cannot participate in the same spanning tree. In other words, the spanning tree protocol will not work properly if VLANs are connected.

If you are using STP in a certain domain, you

SNMP trap tables.

•

as a physically different Token Ring switch unit. Certain MIB II objects and proprietary objects are domain-sensitive, while others are not. For a list of domain-sensitive objects, see Chapter 7, “Monitoring the Network from the Console Statistics Menu”.

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Each domain appears to the network management system

Page 97

You may give each domain an IP address, subnet mask, and gateway

IP.

•

address definition.

Address filters.

•

suppose you create two domains: one containing ports 1–8 and the other ports 9–16. If you add an address filter to ports 7, 8, 9, and 10, the filter will work properly even though it applies to ports in other domains.

CrossLink.

•

Therefore, the console software prevents you from defining a CrossLink connection that includes ports in different CRFs. It also prevents you from assigning the ports in an existing CrossLink to different CRFs.

Domains have no effect on address filters. For example,

All ports in a single CrossLink must belong to the same CRF.

VLAN Configuration Menu

To open this screen from the main menu, select

Configuration

VLANs.

. See the section “VLAN Support” on page 29 for a discussion of

Configuration

→

→ →

VLAN

More information on the various submenus follows these brief explanations.

VLAN Configuration...

Displays the BRFs and CRFs in the switch.

VLAN Port Configuration...

Displays the configure port assignments to CRFs.

Switch Configuration SmartStack STS16-20RM/STS16-20FRM Token Ring Switches, P/N: 9032957-01

VLAN Configuration

VLAN Port Configuration

menu, which you use to define and administer

screen, which you use to view and

Page 98

VLAN Configuration Screen

To open this screen from the main menu, select

→

Configuration

Use this screen to define BRFs and CRFs for the switch.

→

VLAN Configuration

→ →

Configuration

→

→ →

VLAN

BRF/CRF

ASCII name associated with the BRF or CRF. For a CRF it is synonymous with the ELAN name on ATM LANE ports.

Numeric ID. Numeric ID assigned to the BRF or CRF. This must be within the range of 2 to 1005.

Brdg/Rng

Bridge/Ring numbers. For BRFs this is a bridge number, for CRF this is a ring number..

Ports

This parameter is set to ports are assigned. Note that if no ports are assigned to a BRF, it will not be assigned a MAC address. Moreover, it is not possible to assign IP addresses to it..

Return

Returns to the previous menu.

if ports are assigned to the CRF. The value is No if no

Yes

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Scrolls or refreshes the display.

View...

Zooms in a VLAN.

Add...

Prompts for a new ID and brings up the

VLAN Parameter Configuration

screen.

Change...

Prompts for a numeric ID of a BRF or CRF to change and brings up the

Parameter Configuration

screen.

VLAN

Delete

Lets you delete a BRF or CRF. You cannot delete a BRF if there are CRFs assigned to it, or a CRF if there are ports assigned to it.

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VLAN Parameter Configuration for CRF Screen

To open this screen, do the following:

1. From the main menu, select

VLAN Configuration

2. Select

3. When prompted, enter the VLAN ID for the CRF.

Use this screen to add or change a CRF. Note that the deleted. Also, the

View..., Add...

trcrf-default

, or

Configuration

Change...

cannot be assigned to other BRFs.

→

VLAN Configuration

→ →

trcrf-default

→

→ →

cannot be

The following information is displayed on this screen:

VLAN ID

Numeric ID of the CRF. Possible values are 2 through

and 1 are reserved for the default CRFs and BRFs.

1005

VLAN Name

ASCII name associated with the CRF. Up to 32 characters are allowed. The name must be unique. Neither a BRF nor a CRF must exist with identical names.

Par ent VLAN

BRF to which the CRF belongs.

State

Current state of the CRF. Possible values are

SmartStack STS16-20RM/STS16-20FRM Token Ring Switches, P/N: 9032957-01 Switch Configuration

1005

Operational

. Values

and

Suspended

1002

. CRFs in

through